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Varma SR, Sivaprakasam TO, Mishra A, Prabhu S, M R, P R. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in differentiated Human keratinocytes: Its evaluation using curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:33-41. [PMID: 28736282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is considered to be a systemic disease of immune dysfunction. It is still unclear what triggers the inflammatory cascade associated with psoriasis but recent evidences suggest the vital role of IL-23/IL-17A cytokine axis in etiology of psoriasis. Several studies have been conducted in psoriatic-like animal models but ethical issues and complexity surrounding it halts the screening of new anti-psoriatic drug candidates. Hence, in this study, we developed a new in-vitro model for psoriasis using imiquimod (IMQ) induced differentiated HaCaT cells which could be used for screening of new anti-psoriatic drug candidates. The differentiated HaCaT cells were treated with IMQ (100μM) to induce psoriatic like inflammation and its effect was investigated using a natural anti-psoriatic compound, curcumin. The proliferation of psoriatic-like cells was inhibited by curcumin at 25 and 50µM concentrations. The psoriatic-like cells decreased in number with increase in apoptotic and dead cells upon curcumin treatment. Curcumin inhibited the proliferation of IMQ-induced differentiated HaCaT cells (Psoriatic-like cells) by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6. Apart from this, curcumin significantly enhanced the skin-barrier function by up-regulation of involucrin (iNV) and filaggrin (FLG), the regulators of epidermal skin barrier. The IMQ-induced differentiated HaCaT in vitro model recapitulated some aspects of the psoriasis pathogenesis similar to murine model. Henceforth, we conclude that this model may be used for rapid screening of anti-psoriatic drug candidates and warrant further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R Varma
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India.
| | | | - Abheepsa Mishra
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Sunil Prabhu
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Rafiq M
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Rangesh P
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
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152
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Rusanov AL, Luzgina NG, Lisitsa AV. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Cytotoxicity towards HaCaT Keratinocytes: Comparative Analysis of Methods for Evaluation of Cell Viability. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:284-288. [PMID: 28726210 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viability of keratinocytes of HaCaT immortalized line incubated with sodium dodecyl sulfate for 3 min, 1 and 48 h, was studied by light microscopy, MTT test, and neutral red absorption test. The IC50 values were determined for each of the studied lengths of exposure. HaCaT cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease of viability under the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, proportional to the length of exposure. The values measured by different methods (MTT test and neutral red absorption test) varied, the differences were determined by the duration of exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate. The dispersion of values for 1 and 48 h exposure, obtained by MTT method, was greater than of the values obtained by neutral red absorption test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N G Luzgina
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Lisitsa
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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153
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Zhang C, Xu Q, Tan X, Meng L, Wei G, Liu Y, Zhang C. Astilbin decreases proliferation and improves differentiation in HaCaT keratinocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:713-720. [PMID: 28700975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic dermatosis characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation accompanied by inflammatory reactions. Pathological changes upset the balance between keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and death in psoriatic lesions, suggesting that molecules with topical anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis abilities may be useful for its treatment. The flavonoid astilbin is the major active component extracted from the rhizome of Smilax glabra, which has been widely used in China to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigate the potential of astilbin as a treatment for psoriasis. We reveal that astilbin inhibits the growth of HaCaT keratinocytes. Detailed study shows that astilbin leads to S phase arrest of the cell cycle by induction of p53 and p21 and activated-AMPK. Additionally, astilbin induced keratinocyte differentiation correlated with suppression of keratin 5 (KRT5) and KRT14 proteins (the markers of epidermal basal layer) and induction KRT1 and KRT10 proteins (occurring in the upper layers). Moreover, astilbin regulates the expression of VEGF in human HaCaT keratinocytes. These results suggest that astilbin may be a promising agent for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Meng
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmin Zhang
- Department of Dermato-venereology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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154
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Chaudhary A, Bag S, Banerjee P, Chatterjee J. Honey Extracted Polyphenolics Reduce Experimental Hypoxia in Human Keratinocytes Culture. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3460-3473. [PMID: 28406019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic assault affects fundamental cellular processes and generates oxidative stress on healthy cells/molecules. Honey extracted polyphenolics (HEP) as a natural antioxidant reduced hypoxic cytotoxicity in this study. Different honey samples were physicochemically characterized to identify preferred (jamun) honey [pH 3.55 ± 0.04, conductivity (μs/cm) = 6.66 ± 0.14, water content % (w/w) = 14.70 ± 0.35, total solid content % (w/w) = 85.30 ± 0.35, phenol content (mg GAE/100 g) = 403.55 ± 0.35, flavonoid content (mg QE/100 g) = 276.76 ± 4.10, radical scavenging activity (% 500 μL) = 147.75 ± 3.13, catalase activity (absorbance at 620 nm) = 0.226 ± 0.01]. HEP was tested in different doses on hypoxic and normoxic cells (HaCaT) using viability and antioxidant assays. Cardinal molecular expressions such as cadherin-catenin-cytoskeleton complex (namely, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and F-actin), hypoxia marker (Hif 1 α), proliferation marker (Ki67), and epithelial master regulator (p63) were studied by immuno-cytochemisty (ICC) and qRT-PCR. The 0.063 mg/mL HEP demonstrated better vitality and functionality of HaCaT cells as per viability assay (*, P < 0.01) even under hypoxia. ICC and qRT-PCR observations indicated restoration of cellular survival and homeostasis under 0.063 mg/mL HEP after hypoxic assault. Furthermore, major spectral changes for nucleic acid and membrane phospholipid reorganizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated a positive impact of 0.063 mg/mL HEP on hypoxic cells considering proliferation and cellular integrity. It was concluded that a specific dose of jamun HEP reduces hypoxic cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chaudhary
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Sikkim , Barfung Block Ravangla Sub-Division South Sikkim, Ravangla 737139, Sikkim, India
| | - Provas Banerjee
- Banerjees' Biomedical Research Foundation , Sainthia, Birbhum 731234, West Bengal, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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155
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Tuo J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Xu Z, Liu S, Sui G. Analysis of PM 2.5-induced cytotoxicity in human HaCaT cells based on a microfluidic system. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:1-8. [PMID: 28431925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to PM2.5 causes several adverse health effects. Skin is the first barrier against harmful environmental substances and can directly contact with PM2.5, but there is no study about PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in human skin cells on the molecular level partially due to the shortcomings of traditional research methods. In present study, we established a microfluidic system including a cell culture chip integrated with a high-throughput protein microarray chip to investigate the mechanism of PM2.5-mediated cytotoxicity in human HaCaT cells. We found that PM2.5 was lodged inside the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus of HaCaT cells by TEM. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the cell apoptosis rate increased from 0.49% to 53.4%. The results of protein microarray showed that NF-κB and NALP3 signal transductions were activated in HaCaT cells after PM2.5 stimulations, up-regulating the expression of IL-1β and IL-6, which resulted in inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. Our findings provide a molecular insight into PM2.5-induced skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jiang Tuo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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156
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Kim HI, Hong SH, Ku JM, Kang S, Kim TY, Shin YC, Ko SG. Tonggyu-tang, a traditional Korean medicine, suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production through inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB activation in human mast cells and keratinocytes. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:186. [PMID: 28359265 PMCID: PMC5374729 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are increasing worldwide. Common medications used to treat these inflammatory disorders are anti-histamines and corticosteroids, but they have their own limitations such as short duration and severe side effects. Thus, interest in complementary and alternative medicine is continually growing. Here, we investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Tonggyu-tang (TGT), a traditional Korean medicine that has been used to treat patients with allergic nasal disorders. Methods We measured mRNA expressions and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by RT-PCR and ELISA assays in HMC-1 (human mast cell line-1) and HaCaT cells, immortalized human keratinocytes. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of TGT on two major inflammation-related pathways, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathway in these two cells. Results Our results revealed that that TGT significantly reduced the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the agonist-treated HMC-1 and HaCaT cells. We also found that TGT suppressed MAPK signaling pathway including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as well as NF-κB pathway, which are known to regulate inflammatory cytokine expression. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that TGT inhibits expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by suppressing MAPK and NF-kB pathway in both mast cells and keratinocytes, suggesting the potential use of TGT in treating allergic inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1704-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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157
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Chen S, Han K, Li H, Cen J, Yang Y, Wu H, Wei Q. Isogarcinol Extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Lesions in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:846-857. [PMID: 28081600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isogarcinol (YDIS), a natural compound extracted from Garcinia mangostana L., has a significant immunosuppressive effect on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. This paper reports that it reduced imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. It strongly attenuated the aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Moreover, the expression of genes involving the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T-helper 17 (Th17) axis was significantly inhibited in the dorsal skin of the YDIS-treated mice, as was that of the other pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-2, and even interferon (IFN)-γ. Furthermore, YDIS prevented the abnormal distribution of T cell types and suppressed the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells in the spleens of mice exposed to imiquimod. Interestingly, it elevated numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and boosted IL-10 expression in the skin. In agreement with the above, YDIS increased serum IL-10 and reduced serum IL-17. It also caused less damage to the liver and, especially, kidneys of mice than cyclosporine A (CsA). In vitro, YDIS caused more death of HaCaT keratinocytes than CsA. It also strongly inhibited inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HaCaT cells. These findings suggest that YDIS is a promising immunosuppressive agent for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesheng Han
- Haikou Qili Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. , Haikou 570216, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Juren Cen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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158
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Jaurila H, Koivukangas V, Koskela M, Gäddnäs F, Salo S, Korvala J, Risteli M, Karhu T, Herzig KH, Salo T, Ala-Kokko TI. Inhibitory effects of serum from sepsis patients on epithelial cell migration in vitro: a case control study. J Transl Med 2017; 15:11. [PMID: 28086962 PMCID: PMC5237124 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis delays wound re-epithelialization. In this study we explored the effect of human sepsis sera as well as the effects of cytokines, growth factors and exosomes of sepsis sera treated normal fibroblasts (NF) on keratinocyte migration and proliferation in vitro. Methods Serum samples were taken on days 1, 4, and 9 from 44 patients diagnosed with severe sepsis, and from 14 matching healthy controls. We evaluated the effects of sepsis serum with or without TNF-α, EGF, EGF receptor inhibitor or exosomes of sepsis sera treated NF on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) proliferation (BrdU assay), viability (MTT assay), and migration (horizontal wound healing model). Cytokine levels of sepsis and healthy sera were measured by multiplex assay. Comparisons between groups were carried out using SPSS statistics and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Severe-sepsis sera collected on days 1, 4, and 9 reduced keratinocyte proliferation by 6% (P = 0.005), 20% (P = 0.001), and 18% (P = 0.002), respectively, compared to control sera. Cell viability in cultures exposed to sepsis sera from days 4 and 9 was reduced by 38% (P = 0.01) and 58% (P < 0.001), respectively. Open-surface wounds exposed to sepsis sera from days 1 and 4 were larger than those exposed to sera from healthy controls (60 vs. 31%, P = 0.034 and 66 vs. 31%, P = 0.023, respectively). Exosomes of sepsis or healthy sera treated NF inhibited keratinocyte migration. We detected higher serum levels of cytokines TNF-α (5.7 vs. 0.7 pg/ml, P < 0.001), IL-6 (24.8 vs. 3.8 pg/ml, P < 0.001), IL-10 (30.0 vs. 11.9 pg/ml, P = 0.040), and VEGF (177.9 vs. 48.1 pg/ml, P = 0.018) in sepsis sera. Levels of EGF were significantly lower in sepsis sera than in that of healthy controls (6.5 vs. 115.6 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Sepsis serum supplemented with EGF 5 ng/ml and TNF-α in all concentrations improved keratinocyte migration. Conclusions Keratinocyte viability, proliferation and migration were reduced in severe sepsis in vitro. Exosomes from NF added in healthy or sepsis serum media inhibited keratinocyte migration. Decreased levels of EGF in sepsis sera may partially explain the delay of wound healing with severe-sepsis patients. Increased levels of TNF-α in sepsis sera do not explain diminished keratinocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Jaurila
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland. .,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo Koskela
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fiia Gäddnäs
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Salo
- Research Group of Biomedicine, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Johanna Korvala
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Risteli
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Tero I Ala-Kokko
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
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Shebaby WN, Mroueh MA, Boukamp P, Taleb RI, Bodman-Smith K, El-Sibai M, Daher CF. Wild carrot pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation of human HaCaT keratinocytes and protect against chemically-induced skin cancer. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:36. [PMID: 28073348 PMCID: PMC5223476 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the Lebanese Daucus carota ssp. carota (wild carrot) oil extract possesses in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. The present study aims to examine the cytotoxic effect of Daucus carota oil fractions on human epidermal keratinocytes and evaluate the chemopreventive activity of the pentane diethyl ether fraction on DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. METHODS Wild carrot oil extract was chromatographed to yield four fractions (F1, 100% pentane; F2, 50:50 pentane:diethyl ether; F3, 100% diethyl ether; F4 93:7 chloroform:methanol). The cytotoxic effect of fractions (10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) was tested on human epidermal keratinocytes (non-tumorigenic HaCaT cells and tumorigenic HaCaT-ras variants) using WST a ssay. Cell cycle phase distribution of tumorigenic HaCaT-ras variants was determined by flow cytometry post-treatment with F2 fraction. Apoptosis related proteins were also assessed using western blot. The antitumor activity of F2 fraction was also evaluated using a DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinoma in Balb/c mice. RESULTS All fractions exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with HaCaT cells being 2.4-3 times less sensitive than HaCaT-ras A5 (benign tumorigenic), and HaCaT-ras II4 (malignant) cells. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a major compound (around 60%) in the pentane/diethylether fraction (F2), identified as 2-himachalen-6-ol. Treatment of HaCaT-ras A5 and HaCaT-ras II4 cells with F2 fraction resulted in the accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 apoptotic phase and decreased the population of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Additionally, F2 fraction treatment caused an up-regulation of the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) and down-regulation of the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) proteins. A decrease in the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK was also observed. Intraperitoneal treatment with F2 fraction (50 or 200 mg/kg) in the DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis mouse model showed a significant inhibition of papilloma incidence (mice with papilloma), yield (number of papilloma/mouse) and volume (tumor relative size) at weeks 15, 18 and 21. CONCLUSION The present data reveal that F2 fraction has a remarkable antitumor activity against DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, an effect that may be mediated through inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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160
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Abstract
Ginsenoside Re (Re), a major ginsenoside of ginseng, enhanced the cornified cell envelope (CE) formation in HaCaT keratinocytes under normal conditions. In HaCaT keratinocytes, Re was also able to upregulate filaggrin protein and caspase-14 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings reasonably imply that Re possesses a desirable property of improving skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Oh
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | | | - Kyunghoon Kim
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Lim
- b Shebah Biotech Inc. , Chuncheon , Korea.,c Department of Biochemistry , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
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161
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Mouawad J, Saadeh F, Tabosh HA, Haddadin MJ, Gali-Muhtasib H. The photoprotective effects of 2-benzoyl-3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Med Oncol 2016; 33:86. [PMID: 27377483 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing levels of atmospheric ozone depletion, there has been much concern about the causal effects of high levels of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface on skin cancer. This has led to growing interest in identifying new active ingredients for use in commercial sunscreens. In our study, the chemical compound 2-benzoyl-3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (BPQ) prepared by the Beirut reaction was tested for its ability to protect a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) against ultraviolet B radiation (280-315 nm). We show that BPQ exhibited strong absorbance in the UVB range, with an overall absorption spectrum very similar to that of Padimate-O, a well-known active ingredient used in commercial sunscreens. HaCaT cells, which were irradiated with UVB in the presence of multiple doses of BPQ, exhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, a significantly higher viability and lower oxidative stress levels than cells irradiated in the absence of drug. Our results show that BPQ is a potential photoprotective drug that holds great promise for use as an active ingredient in commercial sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Mouawad
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Saadeh
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Al Tabosh
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Li K, Zhou R, Wang Jia W, Li Z, Li J, Zhang P, Xiao T. Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil induces apoptosis of HaCaT human keratinocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 186:351-361. [PMID: 27041402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum bungeanum (ZB), a Chinese herb medicine, has been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activity and has long been used to treat a variety of skin diseases including psoriasis. However, the underlying mechanism of action has not been systematically elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY to analyze the chemical composition of the hydro-distilled Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (ZBEO), and to investigate its anti-proliferative activity on HaCaT cells as well as the underlying anti-psoriasis mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of ZBEO was analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). HaCaT cells was exposed to different dose of ZBEO added in medium prior to morphologic features analysis as well as cell cycle arrest examination with Flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was employed to estimate the expression level of proteins including caspase-8/9/3, PARP, Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS Thirty-nine compounds of the ZBEO were identified GC-MS. ZBEO-treated HaCaT cells showed typical apoptotic morphologic features by DAPI staining assay. The ZBEO significantly inhibited proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced S phase arrest apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that the ZBEO increased expression of cleaved caspase-8/9/3, PARP, and Bax, decreased Bcl-2 levels. CONCLUSION ZBEO inhibits the proliferation of HaCaT cells, resulting from the induction of cellular apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. ZBEO is a potential candidate that may be considered for development into an anti-psoriasis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyou Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wang Wang Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiazhou Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangzhou Boxabio Tech Ltd, Guangzhou Hi-Tech Development Zone, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- Guangzhou Boxabio Tech Ltd, Guangzhou Hi-Tech Development Zone, Guangzhou, China; Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR Oxford, UK.
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163
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Bozdogan O, Vargel I, Cavusoglu T, Karabulut AA, Karahan G, Sayar N, Atasoy P, Yulug IG. Metastasis suppressor proteins in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:608-15. [PMID: 27215390 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are common human carcinomas. Despite having metastasizing capacities, they usually show less aggressive progression compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of other organs. Metastasis suppressor proteins (MSPs) are a group of proteins that control and slow-down the metastatic process. In this study, we established the importance of seven well-defined MSPs including NDRG1, NM23-H1, RhoGDI2, E-cadherin, CD82/KAI1, MKK4, and AKAP12 in cSCCs. Protein expression levels of the selected MSPs were detected in 32 cSCCs, 6 in situ SCCs, and two skin cell lines (HaCaT, A-431) by immunohistochemistry. The results were evaluated semi-quantitatively using the HSCORE system. In addition, mRNA expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR in the cell lines. The HSCOREs of NM23-H1 were similar in cSCCs and normal skin tissues, while RGHOGDI2, E-cadherin and AKAP12 were significantly downregulated in cSCCs compared to normal skin. The levels of MKK4, NDRG1 and CD82 were partially conserved in cSCCs. In stage I SCCs, nuclear staining of NM23-H1 (NM23-H1nuc) was significantly lower than in stage II/III SCCs. Only nuclear staining of MKK4 (MKK4nuc) showed significantly higher scores in in situ carcinomas compared to invasive SCCs. In conclusion, similar to other human tumors, we have demonstrated complex differential expression patterns for the MSPs in in-situ and invasive cSCCs. This complex MSP signature warrants further biological and experimental pathway research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Bozdogan
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Vargel
- Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic Surgery, Science Institute, Department of Bioengineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse A Karabulut
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gurbet Karahan
- Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Sayar
- Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Atasoy
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Isik G Yulug
- Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
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164
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He Z, Zhang L, Zhuo C, Jin F, Wang Y. Apoptosis inhibition effect of Dihydromyricetin against UVA-exposed human keratinocyte cell line. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 161:40-9. [PMID: 27208745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UVA irradiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress, cellular damage, and ultimately, cell death by interacting with other intracellular molecules. In the present study, we explored the protective role of Dihydromyricetin (DHM,1.25-10μM) against UVA-induced inflammation response and apoptosis in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) and the underlying mechanisms. DHM pre-treatment significantly increased HaCaT cell viability and suppressed UVA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, as well as apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Moreover, DHM pre-treatment prohibited UVA-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and the phosphorylation of histone H2AX(γ-H2AX), a sensitive biomarker for DNA damage. Meanwhile, DHM could enhance GSH-Px activity and decrease the content of MDA in UVA ray treated HaCaT cells. Notably, the anti-apoptotic potential of DHM was correlated with an increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl) and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax), as well as the inhibition of caspase proteins activation. Additionally, DHM treatment also prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and the phosphorylation of c-Jun. N-terminal kinase (JNK), which is an upstream modulator of NF-κB/p65. Therefore, DHM may be potentially useful in the prevention of UVA-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cuiqin Zhuo
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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165
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Kim WS, Kim I, Kim WK, Choi JY, Kim DY, Moon SG, Min HK, Song MK, Sung JH. Mitochondria-Targeted Vitamin E Protects Skin from UVB-Irradiation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:305-11. [PMID: 26869457 PMCID: PMC4859794 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E (MVE) is designed to accumulate within mitochondria and is applied to decrease mitochondrial oxidative damage. However, the protective effects of MVE in skin cells have not been identified. We investigated the protective effect of MVE against UVB in dermal fibroblasts and immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). In addition, we studied the wound-healing effect of MVE in animal models. We found that MVE increased the proliferation and survival of fibroblasts at low concentration (i.e., nM ranges). In addition, MVE increased collagen production and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase1. MVE also increased the proliferation and survival of HaCaT cells. UVB increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fibroblasts and HaCaT cells, while MVE decreased ROS production at low concentration. In an animal experiment, MVE accelerated wound healing from laser-induced skin damage. These results collectively suggest that low dose MVE protects skin from UVB irradiation. Therefore, MVE can be developed as a cosmetic raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Kyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Guk Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Min
- Cleanup Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 07301, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Song
- Cleanup Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 07301, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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166
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Kar S, Gajewicz A, Roy K, Leszczynski J, Puzyn T. Extrapolating between toxicity endpoints of metal oxide nanoparticles: Predicting toxicity to Escherichia coli and human keratinocyte cell line ( HaCaT) with Nano-QTTR. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 126:238-244. [PMID: 26773833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of novel nanoparticles should always be accompanied by a comprehensive assessment of risk to human health and to ecosystem. Application of in silico models is encouraged by regulatory authorities to fill the data gaps related to the properties of nanoparticles affecting the environment and human health. Interspecies toxicity correlations provide a tool for estimation of contaminant's sensitivity with known levels of uncertainty for a diverse pool of species. We propose here first interspecies cytotoxicity correlation models between Escherichia coli (prokaryotic system) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) (eukaryotic system) to assess the discriminatory features for cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. The nano-QTTR models can be employed for extrapolating cytotoxicity to E. coli and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) for metal nanoparticles when the data for the other species are available. Informative illustrations of the contributing mechanisms of toxic action of the metal oxide nanoparticles to the HaCaT cell line as well as to the E. coli are identified from the developed nano quantitative toxicity-toxicity relationship (nano-QTTR) models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Agnieszka Gajewicz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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167
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Oh SJ, Lee S, Kho YE, Kim K, Jin CD, Lim CJ. Stereoselective suppressive effects of protopanaxadiol epimers on UV-B-induced reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human dermal keratinocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 93:91-5. [PMID: 25405256 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the skin-related anti-photoaging activities of the 2 epimeric forms of protopanaxadiol (PPD), 20(S)-PPD and 20(R)-PPD, in cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). The anti-photoaging activity was evaluated by analyzing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as well as cell viability for HaCaT cells under UV-B irradiation. The activities for MMP-2 and -1 in conditioned medium were determined using gelatin zymography, and MMP-2 protein in the conditioned medium was detected using Western blot analysis. 20(S)-PPD, but not 20(R)-PPD, suppressed UV-B-induced ROS elevation. Neither of the epimers, at the concentrations used, exhibited cytotoxicity, irrespective of UV-B irradiation. 20(S)-PPD, but not 20(R)-PPD, exhibited an inhibitory effect on UV-B-induced MMP-2 activity and expression in HaCaT cells. In brief, only 20(S)-PPD, a major metabolic product of PPD-type ginsenosides, inhibits UV-B-induced ROS and MMP-2 elevation, implying its stereospecific anti-photoaging activity on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joo Oh
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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168
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Yang JH, Hwang YH, Gu MJ, Cho WK, Ma JY. Ethanol extracts of Sanguisorba officinalis L. suppress TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced pro-inflammatory chemokine production in HaCaT cells. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:1262-1268. [PMID: 26655409 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SOL) is a perennial plant widely distributed in Asia, its roots are well-known as a traditional herbal medicine to treat burns, chronic intestinal infections, scalds, and inflammation in Korea. Also, the roots of SOL are used for treatment of many types of allergic skin diseases, including urticarial, eczema, and allergic dermatitis. PURPOSE In this study we investigated the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of an ethanol extract of SOL roots (ESOL). STUDY DESIGN The ability of ESOL to inhibit inflammatory skin disorder was tested in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. METHODS Viability test using MTT assay were used to determine non-cytotoxic concentrations of ESOL on HaCaT cells. ESOL-mediated inhibition of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced production of pro-inflammatory chemokines-such as macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin (IL)-8, and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC)-at the mRNA level was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ability of ESOL to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory marker proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS ESOL reduced the production of MDC, RANTES, IL-8, and TARC in HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ at both protein and mRNA levels. ESOL also suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inhibited both nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha (IκB-α) degradation and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. ESOL exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the expression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated chemokines and pro-inflammatory molecules via a blockade NF-κB, STAT-1, and ERK activation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the preventive potential of ESOL as a herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Gu
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, Republic of Korea.
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169
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Chamorro-Garcia A, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Espinosa-Castañeda M, Rodriguez-Hernandez CJ, de Torres C, Merkoçi A. Detection of parathyroid hormone-like hormone in cancer cell cultures by gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassays. Nanomedicine 2015; 12:53-61. [PMID: 26492976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) exerts relevant roles in progression and dissemination of several tumors. However, factors influencing its production and secretion have not been fully characterized. The main limitation is the lack of specific, sensitive and widely available techniques to detect and quantify PTHLH. We have developed a lateral flow immunoassay using gold nanoparticles label for the fast and easy detection of PTHLH in lysates and culture media of three human cell lines (HaCaT, LA-N-1, SK-N-AS). Levels in culture media and lysates ranged from 11 to 20 ng/mL and 0.66 to 0.87 μg/mL respectively. Results for HaCaT are in agreement to the previously reported, whereas LA-N-1 and SK-N-AS have been evaluated for the first time. The system also exhibits good performance in human serum samples. This methodology represents a helpful tool for future in vitro and in vivo studies of mechanisms involved in PTHLH production as well as for diagnostics. From the Clinical Editor: Parathyroid Hormone-like Hormone (PTHLH) is known to be secreted by some tumors. However, the detection of this peptide remains difficult. The authors here described their technique of using gold nanoparticles as label for the detection of PTHLH by Lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs). The positive results may also point a way to using the same technique for the rapid determination of other relevant cancer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamorro-Garcia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Espinosa-Castañeda
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen de Torres
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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170
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Zanoni TB, Hudari F, Munnia A, Peluso M, Godschalk RW, Zanoni MVB, den Hartog GJM, Bast A, Barros SBM, Maria-Engler SS, Hageman GJ, de Oliveira DP. The oxidation of p-phenylenediamine, an ingredient used for permanent hair dyeing purposes, leads to the formation of hydroxyl radicals: Oxidative stress and DNA damage in human immortalized keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2015; 239:194-204. [PMID: 26456176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hair-dyeing ingredient, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), was previously reported to be mutagenic, possibly by inducing oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanism of PPD in inducing oxidative stress upon skin exposure during hair-dyeing in human keratinocytes remains unknown. The aim of our studies was therefore to investigate the toxicity of PPD and its by-products in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) after auto-oxidation and after reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We found that the PPD half maximal effective cytotoxic concentration (EC50) to HaCaT is 39.37 and 35.63 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h, respectively, without addition of H2O2 to induce oxidation. When PPD (10 or 100 μg/mL) is combined with 10.5 μg/mL of H2O2, intracellular ROS production by HaCaT after 1 h was significantly increased and enhanced levels of DNA damage were observed after 4 h of exposure. After 24 h incubations, 20 μg/mL of PPD increased the level of DNA oxidation in HaCaT. Also, we found that the in vitro reaction between PPD and H2O2, even below the maximum allowance by cosmetic industries, released hydroxyl radicals which can damage DNA. Taken together, we conclude that PPD alone and when combined with H2O2 increases the formation of reactive oxygen species in human keratinocytes, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. These alterations suggest that the mechanism by which PPD exposure, alone or combined with H2O2, damages keratinocytes by the formation of the high reactive HO∙ radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita B Zanoni
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (FCFRP/USP), Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Hudari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Prof. Francisco Degni, s/n, CEP 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Armelle Munnia
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via Cosimo il Vecchi 2, 500139 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via Cosimo il Vecchi 2, 500139 Florence, Italy
| | - Roger W Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology, Research Institute NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Valnice B Zanoni
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Prof. Francisco Degni, s/n, CEP 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gertjan J M den Hartog
- Department of Toxicology, Research Institute NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Toxicology, Research Institute NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia B M Barros
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvya S Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geja J Hageman
- Department of Toxicology, Research Institute NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (FCFRP/USP), Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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171
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Kwon TR, Oh CT, Choi EJ, Kim SR, Jang YJ, Ko EJ, Suh D, Yoo KH, Kim BJ. Ultraviolet light-emitting-diode irradiation inhibits TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced expression of ICAM-1 and STAT1 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:824-32. [PMID: 26413796 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are a novel light source for phototherapy. This research investigated the in vitro safety and efficacy of UV-LEDs as a phototherapeutic device for atopic dermatitis (AD). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were irradiated by UV-LEDs with a center wavelength of 310 and 340 nm. We examined the effects of UV-LED irradiation on the suppression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced activation of STAT1 and ICAM-1 and on NF-κB expression; we used the following methods: cell viability assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS We observed anti-inflammatory responses through the suppression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced expression of TARC and MCP-1/CCL2, IL-1beta, IL-6, and sICAM-1 via blockage of ICAM-1 activation and subsequent activation of STAT1 and NF-κB. The results suggested that UV-LED irradiation inhibited ICAM expression by suppressing TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced NF-κB activation in vitro. CONCLUSION We concluded that novel UV-LED (310 and 340 nm) modalities were effective for the treatment of AD and may be promising for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Graduate, School, Chung-Ang, University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Medicine, Graduate, School, Chung-Ang, University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ja Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Re Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daewoong Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St.Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate, School, Chung-Ang, University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mangerich A, Debiak M, Birtel M, Ponath V, Balszuweit F, Lex K, Martello R, Burckhardt-Boer W, Strobelt R, Siegert M, Thiermann H, Steinritz D, Schmidt A, Bürkle A. Sulfur and nitrogen mustards induce characteristic poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation responses in HaCaT keratinocytes with distinctive cellular consequences. Toxicol Lett 2015; 244:56-71. [PMID: 26383629 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mustard agents are potent DNA alkylating agents with mutagenic, cytotoxic and vesicant properties. They include bi-functional agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) or nitrogen mustard (mustine, HN2), as well as mono-functional agents, such as "half mustard" (CEES). Whereas SM has been used as a chemical warfare agent, several nitrogen mustard derivatives, such as chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide, are being used as established chemotherapeutics. Upon induction of specific forms of genotoxic stimuli, several poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize the nucleic acid-like biopolymer poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) by using NAD(+) as a substrate. Previously, it was shown that SM triggers cellular poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation (PARylation), but so far this phenomenon is poorly characterized. In view of the protective effects of PARP inhibitors, the latter have been proposed as a treatment option of SM-exposed victims. In an accompanying article (Debiak et al., 2016), we have provided an optimized protocol for the analysis of the CEES-induced PARylation response in HaCaT keratinocytes, which forms an experimental basis to further analyze mustard-induced PARylation and its functional consequences, in general. Thus, in the present study, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the PARylation response in HaCaT cells after treatment with four different mustard agents, i.e., SM, CEES, HN2, and chlorambucil, on a qualitative, quantitative and functional level. In particular, we recorded substance-specific as well as dose- and time-dependent PARylation responses using independent bioanalytical methods based on single-cell immuno-fluorescence microscopy and quantitative isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we analyzed if and how PARylation contributes to mustard-induced toxicity by treating HaCaT cells with CEES, SM, and HN2 in combination with the clinically relevant PARP inhibitor ABT888. As evaluated by a novel immunofluorescence-based protocol for the detection of N7-ETE-guanine DNA adducts, the excision rate of CEES-induced DNA adducts was not affected by PARP inhibition. Furthermore, while CEES induced moderate changes in cellular NAD(+) levels, annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis revealed that these changes did not affect CEES-induced short-term cytotoxicity 24h after treatment. In contrast, PARP inhibition impaired cell proliferation and clonogenic survival, and potentiated micronuclei formation of HaCaT cells upon CEES treatment. Similarly, PARP inhibition affected clonogenic survival of cells treated with bi-functional mustards such as SM and HN2. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PARylation plays a functional role in mustard-induced cellular stress response with substance-specific differences. Since PARP inhibitors exhibit therapeutic potential to treat SM-related pathologies and to sensitize cancer cells for mustard-based chemotherapy, potential long-term effects of PARP inhibition on genomic stability and carcinogenesis should be carefully considered when pursuing such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Mangerich
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Debiak
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Birtel
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Viviane Ponath
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frank Balszuweit
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lex
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rita Martello
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Waltraud Burckhardt-Boer
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Romano Strobelt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Siegert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Wang J, Dan G, Shangguan T, Hao H, Tang R, Peng K, Zhao J, Sun H, Zou Z. miR-198 Represses the Proliferation of HaCaT Cells by Targeting Cyclin D2. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17018-28. [PMID: 26225959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MiR-198 has been considered as an inhibitor of cell proliferation, invasion, migration and a promoter of apoptosis in most cancer cells, while its effect on non-cancer cells is poorly understood. Methods: The effect of miR-198 transfection on HaCaT cell proliferation was firstly detected using Cell Count Kit-8 and the cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Using bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assay, a new target of miR-198 was searched and identified. Then, the effect of the new target gene of miR-198 on cell proliferation and cell cycle was also detected. Results: Here we showed that miR-198 directly bound to the 3′-UTR of CCND2 mRNA, which was a key regulator in cell cycle progression. Overexpressed miR-198 repressed CCND2 expression at mRNA and protein levels and subsequently led to cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Transfection ofSiCCND2 in HaCaT cells showed similar inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have identified that miR-198 inhibited HaCaT cell proliferation by directly targeting CCND2.
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Battistelli M, Buontempo F, Canonico B, Martelli AM, Papa S, Falcieri E. Tyrosol prevents apoptosis in irradiated keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 80:61-8. [PMID: 26166167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic compounds, the biggest group of natural antioxidants, have attracted much attention due to their known and wide-ranging biological activities, as well as to their health effects. In particular, regardless their antioxidant activity, they play a key role in the control of several inflammation-associated processes as well as in improving antioxidant defense system. In an our previous work we have demonstrated the ability of Hydroxytyrosol, an ortho-diphenolic compound, essential component of oleuropein, in preventing apoptotic cell death induced by UVB radiation in HaCaT cell lines in vitro. In olive oil, besides Hydroxytyrosol, there are appreciable amounts of Tyrosol and its secoiridoid derivatives. OBJECTIVE It has been well established that Tyrosol has a significantly lower antioxidant activity than Hydroxytyrosol, but despite this, recent studies suggest that Tyrosol exerts a powerful protective effect against oxidative injuries in cell systems and that it is able to improve the intracellular antioxidant defenses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, Tyrosol effect has been evaluated in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB radiation by means of morphological and molecular analyses. RESULTS Our study revealed the polyphenol ability in reducing apoptotic markers and in protecting HaCaT cells from damage. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an important role of Tyrosol in protecting cells from apoptotic cell death and encourage the use of this phytochemical as biological ingredient in topical preparations as possible tool to prevent skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
| | | | | | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Papa
- DiSB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
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Furlong H, Smith R, Wang J, Seymour C, Mothersill C, Howe O. Identification of Key Proteins in Human Epithelial Cells Responding to Bystander Signals From Irradiated Trout Skin. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815597669. [PMID: 26673684 PMCID: PMC4674182 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815597669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander signaling has been found to occur in live rainbow trout fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This article reports identification of key proteomic changes in a bystander reporter cell line (HaCaT) grown in low-dose irradiated tissue-conditioned media (ITCM) from rainbow trout fish. In vitro explant cultures were generated from the skin of fish previously exposed to low doses (0.1 and 0.5 Gy) of X-ray radiation in vivo. The ITCM was harvested from all donor explant cultures and placed on recipient HaCaT cells to observe any change in protein expression caused by the bystander signals. Proteomic methods using 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy were employed to screen for novel proteins expressed. The proteomic changes measured in HaCaT cells receiving the ITCM revealed that exposure to 0.5 Gy induced an upregulation of annexin A2 and cingulin and a downregulation of Rho-GDI2, F-actin-capping protein subunit beta, microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member, and 14-3-3 proteins. The 0.1 Gy dose also induced a downregulation of Rho-GDI2, hMMS19, F-actin-capping protein subunit beta, and microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member proteins. The proteins reported may influence apoptotic signaling, as the results were suggestive of an induction of cell communication, repair mechanisms, and dysregulation of growth signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Furlong
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Smith
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, Nuclear Research Building, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Queen’s Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Bader Lane, Kingston, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, Nuclear Research Building, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, Nuclear Research Building, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Orla Howe
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Chaudhary A, Bag S, Mandal M, Krishna Karri SP, Barui A, Rajput M, Banerjee P, Sheet D, Chatterjee J. Modulating prime molecular expressions and in vitro wound healing rate in keratinocyte ( HaCaT) population under characteristic honey dilutions. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 166:211-219. [PMID: 25794801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE In traditional medicines honey is known for healing efficacy and vividly used as "Anupan" in Ayurvedic medicines appreciating roles in dilutions. Validating efficacy of physico-chemically characterized honey in dilutions, studies on in vitro wound healing and attainment of cellular confluence epithelial cells including expressions of cardinal genes is crucial. To evaluate effects of characterized honey in varied dilutions on cellular viability, in vitro wound healing and modulation of prime epithelial gene expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six Indian honey-samples from different sources were physico-chemically characterized and optimal one was explored in dilutions (v/v%) through in vitro studies on human epithelial (HaCaT) cells for viability, wound healing and expressions of genes p63, E-cadherin, β-catenin, GnT-III and GnT-V. RESULTS Studied honey samples (i.e. A-F) depicted range of pH (2-4), water (12.48-23.95), electrical conductivity (2.57-14.34), carbohydrate (68.73-98.65), protein (.316-5.36) and antioxidant potential. Though sample A and F showed physico-chemical proximity, but overall bio-impact of the earlier was better, thus studied in 8-.1% (v/v) dilution range. Four dilutions (.01, .04, .1, .25 v/v%) augmented cellular viability but in vitro wound healing was fastest (p<.05) under .1%. Such efficacy was further documented for p63 up-regulation by immunocytochemistry and mRNA studies. The E-cadherin and β-catenin mRNA-expressions were also up-regulated and their proteins were predominantly cytoplasmic. E-cadherin up-regulation was corroborative with down-regulation and up-regulation of GnT-III and GnT-V respectively. CONCLUSION Present study illustrated efficacy of particular honey dilution (.1%) with characteristic free radical scavenging activity in facilitating cell proliferation and attainment of confluence towards faster wound healing and modulation of cardinal epithelial genes (viz. p63, E-cadherin, β-catenin, Gnt-III and V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chaudhary
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sri Phani Krishna Karri
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, IIEST, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Monika Rajput
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Provas Banerjee
- Banerjees׳ Biomedical Research Foundation, Sainthia, 731234 Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Debdoot Sheet
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Kamatham S, Kumar N, Gudipalli P. Isolation and characterization of gallic acid and methyl gallate from the seed coats of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. and their anti-proliferative effect on human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:520-529. [PMID: 28962387 PMCID: PMC5598244 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) from the seed coats of G. rottleriformis. We investigated the effect of purified GA and MG on A431 skin cancer cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. We analyzed the apoptosis enhancer/suppressor regulatory marker proteins in GA/MG treated A431 cells in a dose or time dependent manner. We found that GA/MG is an effective natural molecule to avoid the risk of skin cancers.
Gallic acid (GA) and its derivative methyl gallate (MG) are well studied plant phenolics. They have exhibited anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines. However, the presence of GA/MG in the seed coats of Givotia rottleriformis and their inhibitory effect on human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) skin cancer cells were not reported. In this study we have isolated and chemically characterized the bioactive compounds GA and MG from the bioassay guided methanolic (MeOH) seed coat extracts of G. rottleriformis. The fractions obtained from open silica column chromatography were subjected to in vitro enzymatic assays. Among seven fractions we found that only fractions 5 and 6 showed significant inhibition activity toward COX-1 with an IC50 value of 28 μg/mL and 9.3 μg/mL and COX-2 with an IC50 value of 35 μg/mL and 7.0 μg/mL respectively. However, we could not find 5-LOX enzyme inhibition activity. MG (10 mg/g DW) and GA (6 mg/g DW) were the major compounds of seed coats. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which showed that GA/MG significantly reduced the growth of A431 cells with an IC50 value of 25 μg/mL and 53 μg/mL and 11 μg/mL and 43 μg/mL at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. However the cytotoxic effect of GA/MG on HaCaT normal skin keratinocyte cell line was found to be less. Western blot analysis has shown that GA/MG treatment down regulated Bcl-2 and up regulated cleaved caspase-3 with respect to increasing doses. Our results conclude that GA and MG have potential anticancer effects and can be used as therapeutic agents for skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kamatham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Gudipalli
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Glasbey JC, Sanders AJ, Bosanquet DC, Ruge F, Harding KG, Jiang WG. Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein in Human Wound Tissue and Its Biological Functionality in Human Keratinocytes. Biomedicines 2015; 3:110-123. [PMID: 28536402 PMCID: PMC5344237 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
human keratinocyte model, may indicate a role for HGFl in active wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Glasbey
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - David C Bosanquet
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Keith G Harding
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Guichard A, Humbert P, Tissot M, Muret P, Courderot-Masuyer C, Viennet C. Effects of topical corticosteroids on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis: in vitro comparison on HaCaT. Int J Pharm 2014; 479:422-9. [PMID: 25556056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Topical-corticosteroids are mainly used for the treatment of inflammatory or hyperproliferative skin diseases. The in vivo assay to rank topical-corticosteroids potency, based on the skin blanching, is not adapted to compare their anti-proliferative efficacy. We have compared the antiproliferative effect of six topical-corticosteroids on a model of hyperproliferant keratinocytes (HaCaT). Betamethasone-dipropionate; clobetasol-propionate; betamethasone-valerate; desonide; hydrocortisone-butyrate and hydrocortisone-base, at different concentrations (10(-8)-10(-4)M) have been compared. HaCaT proliferation has been evaluated by MTT-assay and the mechanism of the death was evaluated by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and cell cycle phases analysis. Topical corticosteroids reduced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. At 10(-4)M, betamethasone dipropionate was the most antiproliferative compound while hydrocortisone-butyrate was the less. Hydrocortisone-base which is usually considered as the less potent topical-corticosteroids showed a clear cytotoxic effect. Betamethasone-dipropionate and betamethasone-valerate induced more apoptosis than necrosis whereas the reverse has been observed for other topical-corticosteroids. All topical-corticosteroids, except clobetasol-propionate, arrested cell cycle mainly in G2-phase. Clobetasol-propionate arrested cell cycle in S-phase population. At 10(-8)M, topical-corticosteroids induced HaCaT proliferation. In terms of antiproliferative effect at 10(-4)M, we propose to rank topical corticosteroids as follow: betamethasone-dipropionate>desonide≥betamethasone-valerate=hydrocortisone-base=clobetasol-propionate>hydrocortisone-butyrate. This classification differs from the current ranking, based on the vasoconstrictive effect, but is more adapted for hyperproliferative disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guichard
- Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), Department of Dermatology, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC INSERM 1431), Besançon University Hospital, France; Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), Department of Dermatology, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC INSERM 1431), Besançon University Hospital, France; Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
| | - Marion Tissot
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
| | - Patrice Muret
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
| | | | - Céline Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
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Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Beschmann H, Eberle I, Kippenberger S, Rossberg M, Strecker V, Zöller N. Cellular responses to egg-oil (charismon©). Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2014; 57:41-8. [PMID: 25257149 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Egg-oil (Charismon©) is known for its beneficial action in wound healing and other skin irritancies and its antibacterial activity. The physiological basis for these actions has been investigated using cells in culture: HaCaT-cells (immortalized human keratinocytes), human endothelial cells in culture (HUVEC), peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML) and a full thickness human skin model (FTSM). Emphasis was on the influence of egg-oil on cell migration and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells, respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen (ROS) production and proliferation in HUVEC and HaCaT cells, cytokine and interleukin production in PBML and UV-light induced damage of FTSM. IL-8 production by HaCaT cells is stimulated by egg-oil whilst in phythemagglutin in-activated PBMLs production of the interleukins IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ and TFN-α is reduced. ROS-production after H(2)O(2) stimulation first is enhanced but later on reduced. Respiration becomes activated due to partial uncoupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and proliferation of HaCaT and HUVEC is reduced. Recovery of human epidermis cells in FTSM after UV-irradiation is strongly supported by egg-oil. These results support the view that egg-oil acts through reduction of inflammatory processes and ROS production. Both these processes are equally important in cellular aging as in healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - August Bernd
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Beschmann
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irina Eberle
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maila Rossberg
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentina Strecker
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Park JH, Mohamed MAA, Jung YJ, Shrestha S, Lee TH, Lee CH, Han D, Kim J, Baek NI. Germacrane sesquiterpenes isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. inhibit UVB-induced upregulation of MMP-1, -2, and -3 expression in human keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1752-60. [PMID: 25471012 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four sesquiterpenes were isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.: furanodiene (1), germacrone (2), furanodienone (3), and 13-hydroxygermacrone (4). Importantly, this was the first time compounds 1 and 4 were isolated from this plant. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined using 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and electron ionization mass spectrometry analyses. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2 and 4 inhibited UVB-induced upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Moreover, this upregulation occurred in a dose-dependent manner over the range of 1-10 μM for each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hae Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Antar Aziz Mohamed
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabina Shrestha
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam, 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeseok Han
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam, 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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182
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Lan Y, Li H, Chen YY, Zhang YW, Liu N, Zhang Q, Wu Q. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and its main components used as transdermal penetration enhancers: a comparative study. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:940-52. [PMID: 25367787 PMCID: PMC4228507 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies had confirmed that the essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Z. bungeanum oil) could effectively enhance the percutaneous permeation of drug molecules as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer. The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the skin penetration enhancement effect of Z. bungeanum oil and its main components on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active components. Toxicities of Z. bungeanum oil and three selected terpene compounds (terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, and limonene) in epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and dermal fibroblast (CCC-ESF-1) cell lines were measured using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Five model drugs in TCM external preparations, namely osthole (OT), tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), ferulic acid (FA), puerarin (PR), and geniposide (GP), which were selected based on their lipophilicity denoted by logKo/w, were tested using in vitro permeation studies in which vertical Franz diffusion cells and rat abdominal skin were employed. The secondary structure changes of skin stratum corneum (SC) and drug thermodynamic activities were investigated to understand their mechanisms of action using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and saturation solubility studies, respectively. It was found that Z. bungeanum oil showed lower toxicities in both HaCaT cells and CCC-ESF-1 cells compared with three terpene compounds used alone. The enhancement permeation capacities by all tested agents were in the following increasing order: terpinen-4-ol≈1,8-cineole
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183
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Curzi D, Buontempo F, Martelli AM, Zappia G, Falcieri E, Battistelli M. Antioxidants in the prevention of UVB-induced keratynocyte apoptosis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2014; 141:1-9. [PMID: 25305749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cells can respond to UVB-induced damage by counteracting it through antioxidant activation and DNA repair mechanisms or, when damage is massive by undergoing programmed cell death. Antioxidant factors, and, in particular, food compounds, have attracted much interest because of their potential use in new protective strategies for degenerative skin disorders. Melatonin, creatine and hydroxytyrosol show a variety of pharmacological and clinical benefits including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, the potential protective actions of antioxidant compounds against UVB-induced apoptosis were investigated in human keratinocytes. The cells were pre-treated with antioxidants before UVB exposure and their effect evaluated by means of ultrastructural and molecular analyses. After UVB radiation typical morphological apoptotic features and in situ DNA fragmentation after TUNEL reaction, appeared. A significant numerical decrease of apoptotic patterns could be observed when antioxidants were administrated before cell death induction. Moreover, both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways appeared activated after UVB radiation, and their down-regulation has been shown when antioxidants were added to cells before death induction. In conclusion, these compounds are able to prevent apoptotic cell death in human keratinocytes exposed to UVB, suggesting, for these molecules, an important role in preventing skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | | | - Davide Curzi
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy; IGM, CNR, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
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184
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D'Angelo C, Costantini E, Kamal MA, Reale M. Experimental model for ELF-EMF exposure: Concern for human health. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:75-84. [PMID: 25561888 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low frequency (LF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are abundantly present in modern society and in the last 20 years the interest about the possible effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) EMFs on human health has increased progressively. Epidemiological studies, designed to verify whether EMF exposure may be a potential risk factor for health, have led to controversial results. The possible association between EMFs and an increased incidence of childhood leukemia, brain tumors or neurodegenerative diseases was not fully elucidated. On the other hand, EMFs are widely used, in neurology, psychiatry, rheumatology, orthopedics and dermatology, both in diagnosis and in therapy. In vitro studies may help to evaluate the mechanism by which LF-EMFs affect biological systems. In vitro model of wound healing used keratinocytes (HaCaT), neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) as a model for analysis of differentiation, metabolism and functions related to neurodegenerative processes, and monocytic cell line (THP-1) was used as a model for inflammation and cytokines production, while leukemic cell line (K562) was used as a model for hematopoietic differentiation. MCP-1, a chemokine that regulates the migration and infiltration of memory T cells, natural killer (NK), monocytes and epithelial cells, has been demonstrated to be induced and involved in various diseases. Since, varying the parameters of EMFs different effects may be observed, we have studied MCP-1 expression in HaCaT, SH-SY5Y, THP-1 and K562 exposed to a sinusoidal EMF at 50 Hz frequency with a flux density of 1 mT (rms). Our preliminary results showed that EMF-exposure differently modifies the expression of MCP-1 in different cell types. Thus, the MCP-1 expression needs to be better determined, with additional studies, with different parameters and times of exposure to ELF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Angelo
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology Section, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - E Costantini
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology Section, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Reale
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology Section, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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185
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Tao K, Bai XZ, Zhang ZF, Shi JH, Hu XL, Tang CW, Hu DH, Han JT. Construction of the tissue engineering seed cell ( HaCaT-EGF) and analysis of its biological characteristics. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 6:893-6. [PMID: 24083586 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct the tissue engineering seed cell (HaCaT cell line) with stable expression of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF), and analyze the changes of its biological characteristics. METHODS PCDNA3.1-EGF eukaryotic expression vector was transferred into HaCaT cell, and G418 was utilized to select the HaCaT-EGF cell line. Using an inverted microscope, PCR, ELISA method to detect the changes of the cell morphology, the expression of the EGF gene and protein, and the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis related molecule Caspase-3, the cell cycle related protein cyclin D1. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of the obtained HaCaT-EGF cell were more than 100 times higher than the level of ordinary HaCaT cell. The colony of the HaCaT-EGF cells was more focused and tight compared to the empty vector transfected HaCaT cells and normal HaCaT cells. The expression levels of apoptotic factor Caspase-3 and cyclin D1 in HaCaT-EGF cell were significantly higher than those in the empty vector HaCaT- pcDNA3.1 cell, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference compared to the normal HaCaT cells (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS HaCaT-EGF cell can continuously secrete EGF, and the biological characteristic is stable. It can be used for tissue engineering experiment and is an ideal seed cell for constructing tissue engineered skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tao
- Burn Center of PLA, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
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186
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Gajewicz A, Schaeublin N, Rasulev B, Hussain S, Leszczynska D, Puzyn T, Leszczynski J. Towards understanding mechanisms governing cytotoxicity of metal oxides nanoparticles: hints from nano-QSAR studies. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:313-25. [PMID: 24983896 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.930195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of nanomaterials increases every year exponentially and therefore the probability these novel materials that they could cause adverse outcomes for human health and the environment also expands rapidly. We proposed two types of mechanisms of toxic action that are collectively applied in a nano-QSAR model, which provides governance over the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The combined experimental-theoretical studies allowed the development of an interpretative nano-QSAR model describing the toxicity of 18 nano-metal oxides to the HaCaT cell line, which is a common in vitro model for keratinocyte response during toxic dermal exposure. The comparison of the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to bacteria Escherichia coli (prokaryotic system) and a human keratinocyte cell line (eukaryotic system), resulted in the hypothesis that different modes of toxic action occur between prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
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187
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Bölck B, Ibrahim M, Steinritz D, Morguet C, Dühr S, Suhr F, Lu-Hesselmann J, Bloch W. Detection of key enzymes, free radical reaction products and activated signaling molecules as biomarkers of cell damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene in human keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:875-84. [PMID: 24685774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a known carcinogenic and cell damaging agent. The underlying cell damaging pathomechanisms have not been totally revealed. Especially BaP-related induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress has not been previously investigated in detail. The presented study investigated these effects in order to elucidate the pathomechanism and as well to identify potential biological markers that may indicate a BaP exposure. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were exposed to BaP (1 μM) for either 5 min or 6 h, respectively. BaP-induced cellular damage was evaluated by immunocytochemistry analysis of multiple signaling cascades (e.g. apoptosis, Akt, MAPK, NOS, nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation), detection of nitrosative stress using diaminofluorescein (DAF-FM) and oxidative stress using 3' -(p-aminophenyl)fluorescein (APF). Our results show that BaP exposure significantly enhanced NO and ROS productions in HaCaT cells. BaP led to eNOS-phosphorylation at Ser(1177), Thr(495) and Ser(116) residues. Using specific inhibitors, we found that the Erk1/2 pathways seemed to have strong impact on eNOS phosphorylation. In addition, BaP-induced apoptosis was observed by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Our results suggest that BaP mediates its toxic effect in keratinocytes through oxidative and nitrosative stress which is accompanied by complex changes of eNOS phosphorylation and changes of Akt and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Bölck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marwa Ibrahim
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Morguet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Dühr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Juxian Lu-Hesselmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Medical Occupational and Environmental Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
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188
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Xiao W, Zhu Y, Sarsour EH, Kalen AL, Aykin-Burns N, Spitz DR, Goswami PC. Selenoprotein P regulates 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-benzo-2,5-quinone-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in human keratinocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:70-77. [PMID: 23770201 PMCID: PMC3830697 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites are environmental pollutants that are believed to have adverse health effects presumably by inducing oxidative stress. To determine if 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-benzo-2,5-quinone (4-ClBQ; metabolite of 4-monochlorobiphenyl, PCB3)-induced oxidative stress is associated with changes in the expression of specific antioxidant genes, mRNA levels of 92 oxidative stress-response genes were analyzed using TaqMan Array Human Antioxidant Mechanisms (Life Technologies), and results were verified by performing quantitative RT-PCR assays. The expression of selenoprotein P (sepp1) was significantly downregulated (8- to 10-fold) in 4-ClBQ-treated HaCaT human skin keratinocytes, which correlated with a significant increase in MitoSOX oxidation. Overexpression of Mn-superoxide dismutase or catalase or treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine suppressed 4-ClBQ-induced toxicity. Sodium selenite supplementation also suppressed 4-ClBQ-induced decrease in sepp1 expression, which was associated with a significant inhibition in cell death. Furthermore, HaCaT cells overexpressing sepp1 were resistant to 4-ClBQ-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. These results demonstrate that SEPP1 represents a previously unrecognized regulator of PCB-induced biological effects. These results support the speculation that selenoproteins can be an attractive countermeasure for PCB-induced adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Xiao
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg Northwestern Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ehab H Sarsour
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amanda L Kalen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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189
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Ying TH, Chen CW, Hsiao YP, Hung SJ, Chung JG, Yang JH. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line ( HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4411-4420. [PMID: 24123010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid is an alpha-hydroxyacid (AHA) widely used in cosmetic dermatology and skincare products. However, there is concern regarding its safety for the skin. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of citric acid on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. HaCaT cells were treated with citric acid at 2.5-12.5 mM for different time periods. Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis were investigated by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining, flow cytometry, western blot and confocal microscopy. Citric acid not only inhibited proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner, but also induced apoptosis and cell cycle-arrest at the G2/M phase (before 24 h) and S phase (after 24 h). Citric acid increased the level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and reduced the levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL) and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, which subsequently induced apoptosis via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Citric acid also activated death receptors and increased the levels of caspase-8, activated BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) protein, Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and Endonuclease G (EndoG). Therefore, citric acid induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. The study results suggest that citric acid is cytotoxic to HaCaT cells via induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ho Ying
- Tzu Chi University School of Medicine and Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, No.701, Zhongyang Rd., Sec .3, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: +88 638565301
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190
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Jančula D, Maršálek B, Babica P. Photodynamic effects of 31 different phthalocyanines on a human keratinocyte cell line. Chemosphere 2013; 93:870-874. [PMID: 23790830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs, colored macromolecular compounds with the ability to generate singlet oxygen) represent a promising group of photosensitizers due to their intense absorption in the red and UV portion of the spectrum which leads to their excitation. In order to characterize possible toxic effects associated with eventual practical use and application of these chemicals, we employed an in vitro cell culture model to evaluate cytotoxic effects of 31 different phthalocyanines using neutral red uptake assay. An immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was exposed to the tested chemicals for 2 or 24h, either with or without illumination in the last 60 min of the exposure period. After 2- or 24-h exposure without illumination, no cytotoxic effects or weak cytotoxic effects were induced by any Pc under the study and EC50 values could not be obtained within the tested concentration ranges (1.25-20 mg L(-1) or 0.625-10 mg L(-1)). On the other hand, exposure to phthalocyanines under illumination induced a significant cytotoxic effect. The most pronounced cytotoxicity was elicited by Pcs previously shown to have high positive charge densities at peripheral parts of substituent groups, which is most likely the factor responsible for the binding of Pc to negatively charged membranes on the cell surface and thus guaranteeing the tight connection necessary for the singlet oxygen attack on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jančula
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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191
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Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Curry JM, Ko YH, Lin Z, Tuluc M, Cognetti D, Birbe RC, Pribitkin E, Bombonati A, Pestell RG, Howell A, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Oncogenes and inflammation rewire host energy metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: RAS and NFκB target stromal MCT4. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2580-97. [PMID: 23860378 PMCID: PMC3865048 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we developed a model system to evaluate the metabolic effects of oncogene(s) on the host microenvironment. A matched set of "normal" and oncogenically transformed epithelial cell lines were co-cultured with human fibroblasts, to determine the "bystander" effects of oncogenes on stromal cells. ROS production and glucose uptake were measured by FACS analysis. In addition, expression of a panel of metabolic protein biomarkers (Caveolin-1, MCT1, and MCT4) was analyzed in parallel. Interestingly, oncogene activation in cancer cells was sufficient to induce the metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts toward glycolysis, via oxidative stress. Evidence for "metabolic symbiosis" between oxidative cancer cells and glycolytic fibroblasts was provided by MCT1/4 immunostaining. As such, oncogenes drive the establishment of a stromal-epithelial "lactate-shuttle", to fuel the anabolic growth of cancer cells. Similar results were obtained with two divergent oncogenes (RAS and NFκB), indicating that ROS production and inflammation metabolically converge on the tumor stroma, driving glycolysis and upregulation of MCT4. These findings make stromal MCT4 an attractive target for new drug discovery, as MCT4 is a shared endpoint for the metabolic effects of many oncogenic stimuli. Thus, diverse oncogenes stimulate a common metabolic response in the tumor stroma. Conversely, we also show that fibroblasts protect cancer cells against oncogenic stress and senescence by reducing ROS production in tumor cells. Ras-transformed cells were also able to metabolically reprogram normal adjacent epithelia, indicating that cancer cells can use either fibroblasts or epithelial cells as "partners" for metabolic symbiosis. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) selectively halted mitochondrial biogenesis in Ras-transformed cells, but not in normal epithelia. NAC also blocked stromal induction of MCT4, indicating that NAC effectively functions as an "MCT4 inhibitor". Taken together, our data provide new strategies for achieving more effective anticancer therapy. We conclude that oncogenes enable cancer cells to behave as selfish "metabolic parasites", like foreign organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses). Thus, we should consider treating cancer like an infectious disease, with new classes of metabolically targeted "antibiotics" to selectively starve cancer cells. Our results provide new support for the "seed and soil" hypothesis, which was first proposed in 1889 by the English surgeon, Stephen Paget.
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192
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Bosanquet DC, Ye L, Harding KG, Jiang WG. Expressed in high metastatic cells (Ehm2) is a positive regulator of keratinocyte adhesion and motility: The implication for wound healing. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:115-21. [PMID: 23664528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors have been shown to delay dermal wound healing. These resultant wounds pose a significant problem in terms of morbidity and healthcare spend. Recently, an increasing volume of research has focused on the molecular perturbations underlying non-healing wounds. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of a novel cancer promoter, Ehm2, in wound healing. Ehm2 belongs to the FERM family of proteins, known to be involved in membrane-cytoskeletal interactions, and has been shown to promote cancer metastasis in melanoma, prostate cancer and breast cancer. METHODS Ehm2 mRNA levels were analysed using qRT-PCR, standardised to GAPDH, from either acute or chronic wounds, and normal skin. IHC analysis was also undertaken from wound edge biopsies. An anti-Ehm2 transgene was created and transfected into the HaCaT cell line. The effect of Ehm2 knockdown on migration, adhesion, growth, cell cycle progression and apoptosis was analysed using standard laboratory methods. Western Blot analysis was used to investigate potential downstream protein interactions. RESULTS Ehm2 is expressed nearly three times higher in acute wound tissues, compared to chronic wound tissues. Increased Ehm2 expression is found in wounds undergoing healing, especially at the leading wound edge. In vitro, Ehm2 knockdown reduces cellular adhesion, migration and motility, without affecting growth, cell cycle and apoptosis. Finally, Ehm2 knockdown results in reduced NWasp protein expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest Ehm2 may be an important player in the wound healing process, and show that Ehm2 knockdown downregulates the expression of NWasp, through which it may have its effect on cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bosanquet
- Departments of Surgery and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.
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Miyoshi S, Yamazaki S, Uchiumi A, Katagata Y. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG represses calcium-induced cytokeratin 1 and 10 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:47-50. [PMID: 23650580 PMCID: PMC3642114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is essential for maintaining the activity of numerous signaling factors, and plays a key role in cellular signal transduction networks. 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is an ansamycin antibiotic that binds to Hsp90 and inhibits its function. HaCaT human keratinocytes were used to investigate the cellular and molecular functions of Hsp90 in keratinocyte differentiation. Inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-AAG leads to downregulation of the differentiation markers cytokeratin 1 and cytokeratin 10 at the protein and mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanori Miyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, and abnormalities of the skin are the most common outcomes of long-term, low-dose, chronic arsenic exposure. If the balance between keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and death is perturbed, pathologic changes of the epidermis may result, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and certain forms of ichthyosis. Therefore, research investigations using in vitro human epidermal cells could help elucidate cellular and molecular processes in keratinocytes affected by arsenic. Data from such investigations could also provide the basis for developing cosmetic intervention for skin diseases caused by arsenic. METHODS The viability of HaCaT keratinocyte cultures with or without prior exposure to low-dose arsenic trioxide was compared for varying concentrations of arsenic trioxide over a time course of 14 days because in untreated control cultures, approximately 2 weeks is required to complete cell differentiation. Long-term cultures were established by culturing HaCaT cells on collagen IV, and cells were subsequently exposed to 0 parts per million (ppm), 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 7.5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm of arsenic trioxide. The percentages of viable cells as well as DNA damage after exposure were determined on Day 2, Day 5, Day 8, and Day 14. RESULTS Using both statistical and visual analytics approaches for data analysis, we have observed a biphasic response at a 5 ppm dose with cell viability peaking on Day 8 in both chronic and acute exposures. Further, a low dose of 1 ppm arsenic trioxide enhanced HaCaT keratinocyte proliferation, whereas doses above 7.5 ppm inhibited growth. CONCLUSION The time course profiling of arsenic trioxide cytotoxicity using long-term HaCaT keratinocyte cultures presents an approach to modeling the human epidermal cellular responses to varying doses of arsenic trioxide treatment or exposure. A low dose of arsenic trioxide appears to aid cell growth but concomitantly disrupts the DNA transcription process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udensi K Udensi
- RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217
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195
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Bosanquet DC, Ye L, Harding KG, Jiang WG. Role of HuR in keratinocyte migration and wound healing. Mol Med Rep 2011; 5:529-34. [PMID: 22086295 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2011.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a post-translational modifier of mRNAs rich in AU- and U-rich elements. These mRNAs typically code for proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation, signal transduction, transcriptional and translational control, apoptosis, nutrient transport and metabolism. Thus, HuR affects a variety of biological functions and processes. Via its effect on growth and cellular migration, HuR has been shown to enhance clinical progression of a number of cancers. Its role in wound healing remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated HuR tissue expression in a cohort of chronic healed and non-healed leg ulcers. We also evaluated the effect of HuR knockdown on a number of cellular processes using the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. HuR was expressed in greater levels in the 'chronic healed' cohort of ulcers, compared to the 'chronic non-healed', although this failed to reach statistical significance (p=0.13). HuR knockdown resulted in greater cellular growth, faster progression through the cell cycle and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, it reduced cellular adhesion rates without affecting migration. We, therefore, concluded that HuR promotes wound healing, primarily through its effect on cellular adhesion. It also slows cellular growth rate via its effect on both cell cycle progression and rates of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bosanquet
- Department of Surgery, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.
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196
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Kim H, Kang JS, Lee WJ. The Production IL-21 and VEGF in UVB-irradiated Human Keratinocyte Cell Line, HaCaT. Immune Netw 2010; 10:75-80. [PMID: 20532127 PMCID: PMC2881424 DOI: 10.4110/in.2010.10.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet B (UVB) induces multiple inflammatory and carcinogenic reactions. In skin, UVB induces to secrete several kinds of inflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes and also increases angiogenic process via the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an inflammatory cytokine and produced by activated T cells. The biologic functions of IL-21 have not yet extensively studied. METHODS In the present study, we investigate the production of IL-21 from human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT and its biological effect after exposure to UVB. RESULTS First, we confirmed the IL-21 production and its receptor expression in HaCaT. And then, the change of IL-21 and VEGF production in HaCaT by UVB irradiation was examined. Not only IL-21 but also VEGF production was enhanced by UVB irradiation. Next, to determine relationship of enhanced production of IL-21 and VEGF, we detected VEGF production after neutralization of IL-21. VEGF production was reduced by IL-21 neutralization, which indicates that the IL-21 is involved in the VEGF production. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that IL-21 and VEGF production is enhanced by UVB irradiation in HaCaT. In addition, it seems that IL-21 plays a role in the angiogenic process in skin via the modulation of VEGF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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197
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Ahn JH, Park SN, Yum YN, Kim JY, Lee M. Comparison of In Vitro Cell Transformation Assay Using Murine Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes. Toxicol Res 2008; 24:37-44. [PMID: 32038775 PMCID: PMC7006257 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2008.24.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro cell transformation assays (CTA) were performed using BALB/3T3 murine fibroblasts and HaCaT human keratinocytes in order to evaluate concordance between both in vitro CTAs and carcinogenicity with compounds differing in their genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. Six test articles were evaluated, two each from three classes of compounds: genotoxic carcinogens (2-amino-5-nitrophenol and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide), genotoxic noncarcinogens (8-hydroxyquinoline and benzyl alcohol), and nongenotoxic carcinogens (methyl carbamate and N-nitrosodiphenylamine). Any foci of size ≥ 2 mm regardless of invasiveness and piling was scored as positive in CTA with BALB/3T3. As expected, four carcinogens regardless of their genotoxicity had positive outcomes in two-stage CTA using BALB/3T3 cells. However, of the two genotoxic noncarcinogens, benzyl alcohol was positive CTA finding. We concluded that, of the 6 chemicals tested, the sensitivity for BALB/3T3 system was reasonably high, being 100%. The respective specificity for BALB/3T3 assay was 50%. We also investigated the correlation between results of BALB/3T3 assay and results from HaCaT assay in order to develop a reliable human cell transformation assay. However, evaluation of staining at later time points beyond the confluency stage did not yield further assessable data because most of HaCaT cells were detached after 2~3 days of confluency. Thus, after test article treatment, HaCaT cells were split before massive cell death began. In this modified protocol for this HaCaT system, growing attached colonies were counted instead of transformed foci 3 weeks since last subculture. Compared to BALB/3T3 assay, HaCaT assay showed moderate low sensitivity and high specificity. Despite these differences in specificity and sensitivity, both cell systems did exhibit same good concordance between in vitro CTA and rodent carcinogenicity findings (overall 83% concordant results). At present the major weakness of these in vitro CTA is lack of validation for regulatory acceptance and use. Thus, more controlled studies will be needed in order to be better able to assess and quantitatively estimate in vitro CTA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Ahn
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Incheon, 177 Dowha-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-749 Korea
| | - Sue Nie Park
- Division of Genetic Toxicology National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704 Korea
| | - Yung-Na Yum
- Division of Genetic Toxicology National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704 Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Incheon, 177 Dowha-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-749 Korea
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