151
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Bertelsen RJ, Rava M, Carsin AE, Accordini S, Benediktsdóttir B, Dratva J, Franklin KA, Heinrich J, Holm M, Janson C, Johannessen A, Jarvis DL, Jogi R, Leynaert B, Norback D, Omenaas ER, Raherison C, Sánchez‐Ramos JL, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Dharmage SC, Svanes C. Clinical markers of asthma and IgE assessed in parents before conception predict asthma and hayfever in the offspring. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:627-638. [PMID: 28199764 PMCID: PMC5447870 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice models suggest epigenetic inheritance induced by parental allergic disease activity. However, we know little of how parental disease activity before conception influences offspring's asthma and allergy in humans. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the associations of parental asthma severity, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and total and specific IgEs, measured before conception vs. after birth, with offspring asthma and hayfever. METHODS The study included 4293 participants (mean age 34, 47% men) from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) with information on asthma symptom severity, BHR, total and specific IgEs from 1991 to 1993, and data on 9100 offspring born 1972-2012. Adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) for associations of parental clinical outcome with offspring allergic disease were estimated with multinomial logistic regressions. RESULTS Offspring asthma with hayfever was more strongly associated with parental BHR and specific IgE measured before conception than after birth [BHR: aRRR = 2.96 (95% CI: 1.92, 4.57) and 1.40 (1.03, 1.91), respectively; specific IgEs: 3.08 (2.13, 4.45) and 1.83 (1.45, 2.31), respectively]. This was confirmed in a sensitivity analysis of a subgroup of offspring aged 11-22 years with information on parental disease activity both before and after birth. CONCLUSION & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Parental BHR and specific IgE were associated with offspring asthma and hayfever, with the strongest associations observed with clinical assessment before conception as compared to after birth of the child. If the hypothesis is confirmed in other studies, parental disease activity assessed before conception may prove useful for identifying children at risk for developing asthma with hayfever.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Occupational MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - M. Rava
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic DiseasesEpidemiological and Public Health ApproachesVillejuifFrance
- UMR‐S 1168Univ Versailles St‐Quentin‐en‐YvelinesMontigny le BretonneuxFrance
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - A. E. Carsin
- ISGlobalCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)BarcelonaSpain
| | - S. Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical StatisticsDepartment of Diagnostics and Public HealthUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | - J. Dratva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
| | - K. A. Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - J. Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Epidemiology INeuherbergGermany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental MedicineLudwig Maximilians University MunichMunchenGermany
| | - M. Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - C. Janson
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - A. Johannessen
- Centre for International HealthDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Centre for Clinical ResearchHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - D. L. Jarvis
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public HealthNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - R. Jogi
- Tartu University HospitalLung ClinicTartuEstonia
| | - B. Leynaert
- Inserm, UMR 1152Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Epidemiology TeamParisFrance
- UMR 1152University Paris Diderot Paris 7ParisFrance
| | - D. Norback
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - E. R. Omenaas
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Centre for Clinical ResearchHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - C. Raherison
- INSERM U897 Bordeaux UniversityBordeaux CedexFrance
| | | | - V. Schlünssen
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - C. Svanes
- Department of Occupational MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Centre for International HealthDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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152
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Bolund AC, Miller MR, Sigsgaard T, Schlünssen V. The effect of organic dust exposure on long-term change in lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:531-542. [PMID: 28404791 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung function is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, and the chronic nature of lung function decline allows for preventive initiatives. Proinflammatory constituents of organic dust are considered a possible cause of compromised respiratory health. The aim of this systematic review was to reveal the impact of organic dust exposure on long-term change in lung function. The literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Predefined criteria concerned study design: longitudinal, ≥1 year follow-up, ≥50 exposed; exposure measures: organic dust, measured or estimated, in different occupational settings; and outcome measures: change in lung function measured by spirometry. Based on these criteria, 1580 potentially relevant publications were narrowed down to 20 included publications. Quality was evaluated and discussed based on six objectively defined criteria. Overall, 14 studies found some type of association between exposure to organic dust and long-term change in lung function. However, the results were inconsistent and no specific work exposure showed more clear associations to change in lung function. Meta-analysis revealed an overall small significant excess loss in forced expiratory volume in the 1st s for exposed compared with controls of 4.92 mL/year (95% CI 0.14 to 9.69). No significant association was seen overall for forced vital capacity. 12 studies revealed a significant exposure-response relation between organic dust and change in lung function. The results were inconsistent across varying study design and different exposure measures and outcomes. We therefore conclude that there is limited evidence of a causal association between general exposure to organic dust and long-term excess decline in lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Cs Bolund
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health and Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin R Miller
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health and Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health and Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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153
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Traulsen LK, Baelum J, Halling A, Thomsen G, Thilsing T, Sherson D, Sigsgaard T, Omland Ø, Malling T, Skadhauge LR. Risk factors for incident asthma and COPD in a cohort of young adults. Clin Respir J 2017; 12:1021-1029. [PMID: 28268257 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to describe potential shared risk factors for incident asthma and COPD in a population-based, 9-year follow-up study. METHODS From a cohort of 1191 individuals, aged 20-44, who participated in baseline survey including spirometry, bronchial challenge, and skin prick test (SPT) 742 subjects (62%) were reexamined at follow-up in 2012-2014. RESULTS A total of 27 incident cases of asthma and 22 cases of COPD were identified at follow-up corresponding to an incidence rate of 5.8 (95% CI 3.9-8.4) and 3.5 (2.2-5.3) per 1000 person years, respectively. Among the identified COPD cases a total of 12 were Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS). Atopy defined by positive SPT was a risk factor for asthma in males (OR 7.54; 95% CI 1.24-45.90), whereas risk factors in females were nasal allergy (3.81; 1.20-12.11), FEV1 <100% predicted (3.96; 1.07-14.62) and parental asthma (3.06; 1.00-9.40). Risk factors for COPD in males were bronchial hyperresponsiveness (23.13; 1.41-380.50) and FEV1 <100% predicted (all male cases had FEV1 <100% predicted) and in females current smoking (3.34; 1.16-9.59) and asthma at baseline (5.21; 1.48-18.34). CONCLUSIONS No shared risk factors for incident asthma and COPD were found. Despite low power when stratifying by sex risk factors for incident asthma and COPD emphasize considerable gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbet Krogh Traulsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Baelum
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Halling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gert Thomsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Trine Thilsing
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Sherson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tine Malling
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Rauff Skadhauge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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154
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Douwes J, Cheung K, Prezant B, Sharp M, Corbin M, McLean D, ‘t Mannetje A, Schlunssen V, Sigsgaard T, Kromhout H, LaMontagne AD, Pearce N, McGlothlin JD. Wood Dust in Joineries and Furniture Manufacturing: An Exposure Determinant and Intervention Study. Ann Work Expo Health 2017; 61:416-428. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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155
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Thurston GD, Kipen H, Annesi-Maesano I, Balmes J, Brook RD, Cromar K, De Matteis S, Forastiere F, Forsberg B, Frampton MW, Grigg J, Heederik D, Kelly FJ, Kuenzli N, Laumbach R, Peters A, Rajagopalan ST, Rich D, Ritz B, Samet JM, Sandstrom T, Sigsgaard T, Sunyer J, Brunekreef B. A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:13993003.00419-2016. [PMID: 28077473 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00419-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The American Thoracic Society has previously published statements on what constitutes an adverse effect on health of air pollution in 1985 and 2000. We set out to update and broaden these past statements that focused primarily on effects on the respiratory system. Since then, many studies have documented effects of air pollution on other organ systems, such as on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. In addition, many new biomarkers of effects have been developed and applied in air pollution studies.This current report seeks to integrate the latest science into a general framework for interpreting the adversity of the human health effects of air pollution. Rather than trying to provide a catalogue of what is and what is not an adverse effect of air pollution, we propose a set of considerations that can be applied in forming judgments of the adversity of not only currently documented, but also emerging and future effects of air pollution on human health. These considerations are illustrated by the inclusion of examples for different types of health effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Thurston
- Depts of Environmental Medicine and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Kipen
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - John Balmes
- Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Dept of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Cromar
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara De Matteis
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bertil Forsberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark W Frampton
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dick Heederik
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Kelly
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Unit: Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nino Kuenzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Laumbach
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - David Rich
- Depts of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Sandstrom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- University of Aarhus, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- CREAL (Center for Research on Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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156
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Cullinan P, Muñoz X, Suojalehto H, Agius R, Jindal S, Sigsgaard T, Blomberg A, Charpin D, Annesi-Maesano I, Gulati M, Kim Y, Frank AL, Akgün M, Fishwick D, de la Hoz RE, Moitra S. Occupational lung diseases: from old and novel exposures to effective preventive strategies. Lancet Respir Med 2017; 5:445-455. [PMID: 28089118 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure is an important, global cause of respiratory disease. Unlike many other non-communicable lung diseases, the proximal causes of many occupational lung diseases are well understood and they should be amenable to control with use of established and effective approaches. Therefore, the risks arising from exposure to silica and asbestos are well known, as are the means of their prevention. Although the incidence of occupational lung disease has decreased in many countries, in parts of the world undergoing rapid economic transition and population growth-often with large informal and unregulated workforces-occupational exposures continue to impose a heavy burden of disease. The incidence of interstitial and malignant lung diseases remains unacceptably high because control measures are not implemented or exposures arise in novel ways. With the advent of innovative technologies, new threats are continually introduced to the workplace (eg, indium compounds and vicinal diketones). In developed countries, work-related asthma is the commonest occupational lung disease of short latency. Although generic control measures to reduce the risk of developing or exacerbating asthma are well recognised, there is still uncertainty, for example, with regards to the management of workers who develop asthma but remain in the same job. In this Review, we provide recommendations for research, surveillance, and other action for reducing the burden of occupational lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cullinan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UK
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hille Suojalehto
- Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raymond Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Surinder Jindal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denis Charpin
- Clinique des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France; INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires et Allergiques, iPLESP INSERM et UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, and Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Arthur L Frank
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Metin Akgün
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - David Fishwick
- Centre for Workplace Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rafael E de la Hoz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Subhabrata Moitra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden; Department of Pneumology, Allergy and Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India.
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157
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Beer C, Kolstad HA, Søndergaard K, Bendstrup E, Heederik D, Olsen KE, Omland Ø, Petsonk E, Sigsgaard T, Sherson DL, Schlünssen V. A systematic review of occupational exposure to coal dust and the risk of interstitial lung diseases. Eur Clin Respir J 2017; 4:1264711. [PMID: 28326173 PMCID: PMC5328367 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2017.1264711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to coal dust can cause interstitial lung disease (ILD), but whether this is due to pure coal or to the contents of quartz in coal is less clear. Here, we systematically reviewed the relation between 'pure coal' and ILD. Methods: In a systematic review based on PRISMA criteria 2945 articles were identified. Strict eligibility criteria, which evaluated the 'pure coal effect', led to the inclusion of only nine studies. Results: Among these nine studies six studies indicated an independent effect of the non-quartz part of coal on the development and progression of ILD, two did not demonstrate an effect and one was inconclusive. Conclusions: Although an independent effect of non-quartz coal dust on the development of ILD is supported, due to methodological limitations the evidence is limited and further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Beer
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Klaus Søndergaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Karen E Olsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Edward Petsonk
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - David L Sherson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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158
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Holst GJ, Høst A, Doekes G, Meyer HW, Madsen AM, Plesner KB, Sigsgaard T. Allergy and respiratory health effects of dampness and dampness-related agents in schools and homes: a cross-sectional study in Danish pupils. Indoor Air 2016; 26:880-891. [PMID: 26643593 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Holst
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - A. Høst
- H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - G. Doekes
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - H. W. Meyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Copenhagen University Hospital; Bispebjerg Denmark
| | - A. M. Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. B. Plesner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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159
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Spilak MP, Sigsgaard T, Takai H, Zhang G. A Comparison between Temperature-Controlled Laminar Airflow Device and a Room Air-Cleaner in Reducing Exposure to Particles While Asleep. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166882. [PMID: 27898693 PMCID: PMC5127547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People spend approximately one third of their life sleeping. Exposure to pollutants in the sleep environment often leads to a variety of adverse health effects, such as development and exacerbation of asthma. Avoiding exposure to these pollutants by providing a sufficient air quality in the sleep environment might be a feasible method to alleviate these health symptoms. We performed full-scale laboratory measurements using a thermal manikin positioned on an experimental bed. Three ventilation settings were tested: with no filtration system operated, use of portable air cleaner and use of a temperature-controlled laminar airflow (TLA) device. The first part of the experiment investigated the air-flow characteristics in the breathing zone. In the second part, particle removal efficiency was estimated. Measured in the breathing zone, the room air cleaner demonstrated high turbulence intensity, high velocity and turbulence diffusivity level, with a particle reduction rate of 52% compared to baseline after 30 minutes. The TLA device delivered a laminar airflow to the breathing zone with a reduction rate of 99.5%. During a periodical duvet lifting mimicking a subject's movement in bed, the particle concentration was significantly lower with the TLA device compared to the room air cleaner. The TLA device provided a barrier which significantly reduced the introduction of airborne particles into the breathing zone. Further studies should be conducted for the understanding of the transport of resuspended particles between the duvet and the laying body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P. Spilak
- Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health—Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hisamitsu Takai
- Aarhus University; Department of Engineering—Engineering Centre Bygholm, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Aarhus University, Department of Engineering—Fluid Dynamics and Building Ventilation, Aarhus C, Denmark
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160
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Christensen SH, Timm S, Janson C, Benediktsdóttir B, Forsberg B, Holm M, Jogi R, Johannessen A, Omenaas E, Sigsgaard T, Svanes C, Schlünssen V. A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe. Eur Clin Respir J 2016; 3:33463. [PMID: 27890047 PMCID: PMC5124633 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. Methods The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945–1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. Results Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54–0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68–0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban–rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88–0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68–0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74–0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. Conclusion Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban–rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Holmegaard Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bertil Forsberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rain Jogi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ernst Omenaas
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark;
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161
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Sudan M, Olsen J, Sigsgaard T, Kheifets L. Trends in cell phone use among children in the Danish national birth cohort at ages 7 and 11 years. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2016; 26:606-612. [PMID: 27005743 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We prospectively examined trends in cell phone use among children in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Cell phone use was assessed at ages 7 and 11 years, and we examined use patterns by age, by year of birth, and in relation to specific individual characteristics. There was an increase in cell phone use from age 7 (37%) to 11 years (94%). There was a clear pattern of greater reported cell phone use among children at age 7 years with later birth year, but this trend disappeared at age 11. Girls and those who used phones at age 7 talked more often and for longer durations at age 11 years. Low socio-economic status and later year of birth were associated with voice calls at age 7 but not at age 11 years. At age 11 most used cell phones for texting and gaming more than for voice calls. Further, children who started using cell phones at age 7 years were more likely to be heavy cell phone voice users at age 11 years, making early use a marker for higher cumulative exposure regardless of year of birth. As cell phone technology continues to advance, new use patterns will continue to emerge, and exposure assessment research among children must reflect these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Sudan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Public Health, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation, and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leeka Kheifets
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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162
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Elholm G, Linneberg A, Husemoen LLN, Omland Ø, Grønager PM, Sigsgaard T, Schlünssen V. The Danish urban-rural gradient of allergic sensitization and disease in adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:103-11. [PMID: 26096697 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported prevalence of allergic sensitization among children is lower in rural areas than in urban areas of the world. The aim was to investigate the urban-rural differences of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens in adults depending on childhood exposure living in an industrialized country as Denmark. METHODS A total of 1236 male participants of 30-40 years of age recruited from two epidemiological studies were divided into four groups with regard to place of upbringing; city, town, rural area and farm. Allergic sensitization was assessed by skin prick tests (SPTs) to 10 inhalant allergens and measurements of serum specific IgE (sIgE) to four inhalant allergens (grass, birch, cat and house dust mite). RESULTS The prevalence of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens decreased with decreasing degree of urbanized childhood. The risk of being sensitized to one or more allergens also decreased with decreasing degree of urbanized upbringing measured by sIgE to 4 common allergens as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals with city as reference; town 0.60 (0.39-0.92), rural area 0.34 (0.22-0.52) and farm 0.31 (0.21-0.46). Furthermore, it was measured by SPT to 10 common allergens; town 0.52 (0.33-0.84), rural area 0.34 (0.21-0.53) and farm 0.29 (0.19-0.45). This urban-rural association was also seen for the risk of sensitization to specific allergens, rhinitis and allergic asthma. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show an urban-rural gradient of overall allergic sensitization and specific allergen sensitization in adults depending on their childhood exposure. In this highly homogenous western population, exposure to a less urbanized childhood was associated with lower risk of allergic sensitization and disease as an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elholm
- Section for Environment Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L L N Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ø Omland
- Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P M Grønager
- Research ALK Abelló, ALK Abelló, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - T Sigsgaard
- Section for Environment Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V Schlünssen
- Section for Environment Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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163
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Hinson AV, Lokossou VK, Schlünssen V, Agodokpessi G, Sigsgaard T, Fayomi B. Cotton Dust Exposure and Respiratory Disorders among Textile Workers at a Textile Company in the Southern Part of Benin. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:E895. [PMID: 27618081 PMCID: PMC5036728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The textile industry sector occupies a prominent place in the economy of Benin. It exposes workers to several occupational risks, including exposure to cotton dust. To assess the effect of exposure to cotton dust on the health of workers, this study was initiated and conducted in a Beninese cotton industry company. The objective of the study was to evaluate the respiratory disorders among the textile workers exposed to cotton dust and the cross-sectional study involved 656 subjects exposed to cotton dust and 113 non-exposed subjects. The methods used are mainly based on a survey using a questionnaire of organic dust designed by the International Commission of Occupational Health (ICOH); and on the measures of lung function parameters (FEV₁ and FVC). The main results of the different analyzes revealed that subjects exposed to cotton dust have more respiratory symptoms than unexposed subjects (36.9% vs. 21.2%). The prevalence of chronic cough, expectorations, dyspnoea, asthma and chronic bronchitis are 16.8%, 9.8%, 17.3%, 2.6%, and 5.9% respectively among the exposed versus 2.6%, 0.8%, 16.8%, 0% and 0.8% among the unexposed subjects. The prevalence of byssinosis is 44.01%.The prevalence of symptoms is dependent on the sector of activity and the age of the subject. These results should encourage medical interventions and technical prevention especially since the textile industry occupies an important place in the Benin's economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vikkey Hinson
- Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of the Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO 188 Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Virgil K Lokossou
- Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of the Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO 188 Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University Denmark, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Gildas Agodokpessi
- Unité D'enseignement et de Recherche en Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey Calavi, 01 PO 321 Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University Denmark, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin Fayomi
- Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of the Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO 188 Cotonou, Benin.
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164
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Gislason T, Bertelsen RJ, Real FG, Sigsgaard T, Franklin KA, Lindberg E, Janson C, Arnardottir ES, Hellgren J, Benediktsdottir B, Forsberg B, Johannessen A. Self-reported exposure to traffic pollution in relation to daytime sleepiness and habitual snoring: a questionnaire study in seven North-European cities. Sleep Med 2016; 24:93-99. [PMID: 27810192 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Little is known about associations between traffic exposure and sleep disturbances. We examined if self-reported exposure to traffic is associated with habitual snoring and daytime sleepiness in a general population. METHODS In the RHINE III study, 12184 adults answered questions on sleep disturbances and traffic exposure. We analysed bedrooms near roads with traffic, bedrooms with traffic noise, and travelling regularly along busy roads as proxies for traffic exposures, using logistic regression. Adjustment factors were study centre, gender, age, smoking habits, educational level, body mass index, physical activity, obstructive sleep apnoea, and sleep duration. RESULTS One in ten lived near a busy road, 6% slept in a bedroom with traffic noise, and 11% travelled regularly along busy roads. Habitual snoring affected 25% and daytime sleepiness 21%. More men reported snoring and more women reported daytime sleepiness. Having a bedroom with traffic noise was associated with snoring (adjusted OR 1.29, [95% CI 1.12, 1.48]). For daytime sleepiness, on the other hand, bedroom with traffic noise and high exposure to traffic pollution have significant risk factors (adjusted ORs 1.46 [1.11, 1.92] and 1.65 [1.11, 2.45]). Results were consistent across study centres. CONCLUSIONS Daytime sleepiness is associated with traffic pollution and traffic noise, while habitual snoring is only associated with traffic noise. Self-reported traffic exposure should be taken into account when diagnosing and planning treatment for patients with sleep disturbances, because reducing noise and pollution exposure in the bedroom may have a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Randi J Bertelsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory-, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory-, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erna Sif Arnardottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Johan Hellgren
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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165
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Dratva J, Bertelsen R, Janson C, Johannessen A, Benediktsdóttir B, Bråbäck L, Dharmage SC, Forsberg B, Gislason T, Jarvis D, Jogi R, Lindberg E, Norback D, Omenaas E, Skorge TD, Sigsgaard T, Toren K, Waatevik M, Wieslander G, Schlünssen V, Svanes C, Real FG. Validation of self-reported figural drawing scales against anthropometric measurements in adults. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:1944-51. [PMID: 26879067 PMCID: PMC10270874 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001600015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to validate figural drawing scales depicting extremely lean to extremely obese subjects to obtain proxies for BMI and waist circumference in postal surveys. DESIGN Reported figural scales and anthropometric data from a large population-based postal survey were validated with measured anthropometric data from the same individuals by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves and a BMI prediction model. SETTING Adult participants in a Scandinavian cohort study first recruited in 1990 and followed up twice since. SUBJECTS Individuals aged 38-66 years with complete data for BMI (n 1580) and waist circumference (n 1017). RESULTS Median BMI and waist circumference increased exponentially with increasing figural scales. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed a high predictive ability to identify individuals with BMI > 25·0 kg/m2 in both sexes. The optimal figural scales for identifying overweight or obese individuals with a correct detection rate were 4 and 5 in women, and 5 and 6 in men, respectively. The prediction model explained 74 % of the variance among women and 62 % among men. Predicted BMI differed only marginally from objectively measured BMI. CONCLUSIONS Figural drawing scales explained a large part of the anthropometric variance in this population and showed a high predictive ability for identifying overweight/obese subjects. These figural scales can be used with confidence as proxies of BMI and waist circumference in settings where objective measures are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dratva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randi Bertelsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdóttir
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rain Jogi
- Lung Clinic, Foundation Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Norback
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ernst Omenaas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trude D Skorge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kjell Toren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Waatevik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Gomez Real
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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166
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Bertelsen RJ, Svanes Ø, Madsen AM, Hollund BE, Kirkeleit J, Sigsgaard T, Uhrbrand K, Do TV, Aasen TB, Svanes C. Pulmonary illness as a consequence of occupational exposure to shrimp shell powder. Environ Res 2016; 148:491-499. [PMID: 27148672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An employee with no prior history of allergy or asthma, experienced respiratory and flu-like symptoms during production of shrimp shell powder in a seafood savory factory in Norway. We aimed to clarify the diagnosis and to identify the cause of the symptoms by specific inhalation challenge (SIC) and by characterizing the powder's biocontaminants, particle size fractions and inflammatory potential. METHODS Respiratory and immunological responses were measured the day before and after each of four challenges with 20-150g shrimp shell powder during three consecutive days. The powder was analyzed for endotoxin, microorganisms and particle size fractions by standardized laboratory methods. Total inflammatory potential was quantified by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a granulocyte assay. RESULTS The patient had elevated IgG, but not IgE, towards shrimp shell powder. 20min challenge with 150g shrimp shell powder induced 15% decrease in FVC, 23% decrease in FEV1 and increased unspecific bronchial reactivity by methacholine. Neutrophils and monocytes increased 84% and 59%, respectively, and the patient experienced temperature increase and flu-like symptoms. The shrimp shell powder contained 1118 endotoxin units/g and bacteria including Bacillus cereus, and 57% respirable size fraction when aerosolized. The ROS production was higher for shrimp shell powder than for endotoxin alone. CONCLUSIONS Endotoxin and other bacterial components combined with a high fraction of respirable dust might be the cause of the symptoms. The patient's characteristics and response to SIC were best compatible with occupational asthma and organic dust toxic syndrome, while hypersensitivity pneumonitis could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øistein Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørg Eli Hollund
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Uhrbrand
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thien Van Do
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor B Aasen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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167
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Kenney P, Bønløkke J, Hilberg O, Ravn P, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T. Method for a homogeneous distribution of pollens in an environmental exposure chamber. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1176-84. [PMID: 27144495 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of different environmental exposure chambers (EECs) have been used to evaluate treatments for allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE To describe and test a system for a homogenous distribution of grass pollen, Phleum Pratense, in an EEC to be used for controlled pollen exposure studies in allergic participants. METHODS A chamber made of stainless steel with completely rounded corners, seating four individuals at a time, was used. Room pressure, temperature, humidity and the air change rate were kept constant throughout the study period. A rotating pipette dispensed a uniform supply of pollen into a turntable's v-shaped grooves. A stainless steel capillary tube sucked the pollens into a venturi throat at which time the pollens were mixed with a high-pressure airstream of compressed high-efficiency particulate arrestance filtered air and then transported to a spreading plate inside the EEC. To achieve uniform concentrations in the EEC, the turntable's rotating speed was continuously adjusted using information from video-coupled feedback and feed forward mechanisms. Pollen levels were detected using standard volumetric air samplers and laser particle counters. The target pollen exposure level was 1000 pollens/m(3) . Twenty-one participants were exposed to pollens in the EEC twice for 210 min. Participants evaluated their symptoms every 30 min using a total nasal symptom score (TNSS) consisting of blocked nose, runny nose, nasal itching and sneezing. RESULTS Across fifteen study days, the average pollen level was 982 pollens/m(3) (SD, 102 pollens/m(3) ). On average, participants experienced a 10% difference in overall pollen levels between their two visits to the EEC. The mean TNSSs rose throughout the exposure period, with a low at baseline of 0.43 (SD, 0.68) to a high of 4.71 (SD, 2.43) just before exiting the EEC. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This EEC provides a reproducible, precise and homogenous distribution of pollens making it suitable for single-centre allergy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kenney
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Rhinix ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Bønløkke
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Ravn
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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168
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Olivieri M, Heinrich J, Schlünssen V, Antó JM, Forsberg B, Janson C, Leynaert B, Norback D, Sigsgaard T, Svanes C, Tischer C, Villani S, Jarvis D, Verlato G. The risk of respiratory symptoms on allergen exposure increases with increasing specific IgE levels. Allergy 2016; 71:859-68. [PMID: 26764559 DOI: 10.1111/all.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between IgE sensitization and allergic respiratory symptoms has usually been evaluated by dichotomizing specific IgE levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between specific IgE levels and risk of symptoms on allergen-related exposure, with special reference to allergen-related asthma-rhinitis comorbidity. METHODS We considered 6391 subjects enrolled within the European Community Respiratory Health Survey 2, having information on cat/grass/D. pteronyssinus IgE levels and symptoms on exposure to animals/pollen/dust. The risk of oculonasal/asthmalike/both symptoms was evaluated by a multinomial logistic model. RESULTS A clear positive association was observed between specific IgE levels to cat/grass/mite and the risk of symptoms on each allergen-related exposure (test for trend with P < 0.001). This trend was particularly pronounced when considering the coexistence of asthmalike and oculonasal symptoms. Compared to non-sensitized subjects, subjects with specific IgE to cat >= 3.5 kU/l presented relative risk ratios of 11.4 (95% CI 6.7-19.2), 18.8 (8.2-42.8), and 55.3 (30.5-100.2) when considering, respectively, only oculonasal symptoms, only asthmalike symptoms, or both. A similar pattern was observed when considering specific IgE to grass/mite and symptoms on exposure to pollen/dust. Also the proportion of people using inhaled medicines or visiting a general practitioner for breathing problems in the previous year increased with increasing sum of specific IgE to cat/grass/mite. CONCLUSION Specific IgE level is the most important predictor of allergen-related symptoms. The risk of both oculonasal/asthmalike symptoms increases with specific IgE levels, suggesting that specific IgE contributes to the 'united airways disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Olivieri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine; University Hospital of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - J. Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Epidemiology I; Neuherberg Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; University Hospital Munich; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - V. Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health; Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Danish Ramazzini Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. M. Antó
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
| | - B. Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Umea University; Umea Sweden
| | - C. Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences/Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - B. Leynaert
- Inserm; UMR 1152; Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases; Paris France
- University Paris Diderot Paris 7; UMR 1152; Paris France
| | - D. Norback
- Department of Medical Science/Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health; Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Danish Ramazzini Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - C. Svanes
- Centre for International Health; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - C. Tischer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Epidemiology I; Neuherberg Germany
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
| | - S. Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - D. Jarvis
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health; Imperial College; London United Kingdom
| | - G. Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health; University of Verona; Verona Italy
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Basinas I, Sigsgaard T, Bønløkke JH, Andersen NT, Omland Ø, Kromhout H, Schlünssen V. Feedback on Measured Dust Concentrations Reduces Exposure Levels Among Farmers. Ann Occup Hyg 2016; 60:812-24. [PMID: 27245773 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mew032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high burden of exposure to organic dust among livestock farmers warrants the establishment of effective preventive and exposure control strategies for these workers. The number of intervention studies exploring the effectiveness of exposure reduction strategies through the use of objective measurements has been limited. OBJECTIVE To examine whether dust exposure can be reduced by providing feedback to the farmers concerning measurements of the exposure to dust in their farm. METHODS The personal dust levels of farmers in 54 pig and 26 dairy cattle farms were evaluated in two measurement series performed approximately 6 months apart. Detailed information on work tasks and farm characteristics during the measurements were registered. Participating farms were randomized a priori to a control (n = 40) and an intervention group (n = 40). Shortly after the first visit, owners of intervention farms only received a letter with information on the measured dust concentrations in the farm together with some general advises on exposure reduction strategies (e.g. use of respirators during certain tasks). Relationships between measured dust concentrations and intervention status were quantified by means of linear mixed effect analysis with farm and worker id as random effects. Season, type of farming, and work tasks were treated as fixed effects. Changes in exposure over time were explored primarily at a farm level in models combined, as well as separate for pig and cattle farmers. RESULTS After adjustment for fixed effects, an overall reduction of 23% in personal dust exposures was estimated as a result of the intervention (P = 0.02). Exposure reductions attributable to the intervention were similar across pig and cattle farmers, but statistically significant only for pig farmers. Intervention effects among pig farmers did not depend on the individuals' information status; but among cattle farmers a significant 48% reduction in exposure was found only among individuals that reported to have been informed. No systematic differences in changes over time considering the use of respiratory protection between the intervention and control groups were observed. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest reductions between 20 and 30% in personal exposure to inhalable dust to be feasible through simple information provided to the farm owners regarding actual levels of exposure together with instructions on basic measures of prevention. The exact reasons for these effects are unclear, but likely they involve changes in behavior and working practices among intervention farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Basinas
- 1.Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, bg 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- 1.Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, bg 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hjort Bønløkke
- 1.Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, bg 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nils Testrup Andersen
- 1.Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, bg 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- 2.Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Havrevangen 1, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; 3.Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D2, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Kromhout
- 4.Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- 1.Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, bg 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; 5.National Research Center for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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170
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Kenney P, Hilberg O, Sigsgaard T. Clinical Application of Nasal Filters: An Observational Study on the Usability of Nasal Filters in Managing Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016; 4:445-452.e4. [PMID: 26897304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent park study found a substantial preventive effect of a new nasal filter for seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, the nasal filter still needs to prove that it is sufficiently convenient and comfortable for everyday use during a regular pollen season. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of the nasal filter (Rhinix, Rhinix ApS, Aarhus, Denmark) in a large population. METHODS An observational, open-label study (NCT02108379) conducted during the main grass pollen season in 2014 in Denmark included 1073 participants with seasonal allergic rhinitis, with or without asthma. Participants received the filters for a 2-week use period. Identical online questionnaires were answered after each week of use. End points included ratings on satisfaction, usage, and interest in continued use, stratified by allergy and asthma severity. RESULTS There were 834 filter users in week 1; 634 of these continued use in week 2. After week 1, 630 (76%) expressed interest in continued use of the filters. Participants who continued use in week 2 had higher screening scores for nasal symptoms (P = .01), had more severe asthma for those with asthma (P = .04), and were more dissatisfied with their usual treatment compared with the participants who discontinued use (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Of 834 new users, 630 stated interest in continued use of the filters. On the basis of the findings of this large observational usability study, the nasal filters appear sufficiently convenient and comfortable to use and thus clinically relevant for symptom management for many allergy sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kenney
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Rhinix ApS, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Triebner K, Johannessen A, Puggini L, Benediktsdóttir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bifulco E, Dharmage SC, Dratva J, Franklin KA, Gíslason T, Holm M, Jarvis D, Leynaert B, Lindberg E, Malinovschi A, Macsali F, Norbäck D, Omenaas ER, Rodríguez FJ, Saure E, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Skorge TD, Wieslander G, Zemp E, Svanes C, Hustad S, Gómez Real F. Menopause as a predictor of new-onset asthma: A longitudinal Northern European population study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:50-57.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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172
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Sigsgaard T, Forsberg B, Annesi-Maesano I, Blomberg A, Bølling A, Boman C, Bønløkke J, Brauer M, Bruce N, Héroux ME, Hirvonen MR, Kelly F, Künzli N, Lundbäck B, Moshammer H, Noonan C, Pagels J, Sallsten G, Sculier JP, Brunekreef B. Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1577-1588. [PMID: 26405285 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01865-2014.erj-01865–2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change policies have stimulated a shift towards renewable energy sources such as biomass. The economic crisis of 2008 has also increased the practice of household biomass burning as it is often cheaper than using oil, gas or electricity for heating. As a result, household biomass combustion is becoming an important source of air pollutants in the European Union.This position paper discusses the contribution of biomass combustion to pollution levels in Europe, and the emerging evidence on the adverse health effects of biomass combustion products.Epidemiological studies in the developed world have documented associations between indoor and outdoor exposure to biomass combustion products and a range of adverse health effects. A conservative estimate of the current contribution of biomass smoke to premature mortality in Europe amounts to at least 40 000 deaths per year.We conclude that emissions from current biomass combustion products negatively affect respiratory and, possibly, cardiovascular health in Europe. Biomass combustion emissions, in contrast to emissions from most other sources of air pollution, are increasing. More needs to be done to further document the health effects of biomass combustion in Europe, and to reduce emissions of harmful biomass combustion products to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sigsgaard
- University of Aarhus, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM UMR-S 1136, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France UPMC, UMR-S 1136, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anette Bølling
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Dept of Air Pollution and Noise, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoffer Boman
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Dept of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jakob Bønløkke
- University of Aarhus, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Brauer
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Environmental Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Curtis Noonan
- The University of Montana, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Joachim Pagels
- Lund University, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bert Brunekreef
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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173
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Brunekreef B, Harrison RM, Künzli N, Querol X, Sutton MA, Heederik DJJ, Sigsgaard T. Reducing the health effect of particles from agriculture. Lancet Respir Med 2015; 3:831-2. [PMID: 26454352 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care UMCU, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Roy M Harrison
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Switzerland and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Sutton
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care UMCU, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands
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174
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Sigsgaard T, Forsberg B, Annesi-Maesano I, Blomberg A, Bølling A, Boman C, Bønløkke J, Brauer M, Bruce N, Héroux ME, Hirvonen MR, Kelly F, Künzli N, Lundbäck B, Moshammer H, Noonan C, Pagels J, Sallsten G, Sculier JP, Brunekreef B. Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1577-88. [PMID: 26405285 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01865-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Climate change policies have stimulated a shift towards renewable energy sources such as biomass. The economic crisis of 2008 has also increased the practice of household biomass burning as it is often cheaper than using oil, gas or electricity for heating. As a result, household biomass combustion is becoming an important source of air pollutants in the European Union.This position paper discusses the contribution of biomass combustion to pollution levels in Europe, and the emerging evidence on the adverse health effects of biomass combustion products.Epidemiological studies in the developed world have documented associations between indoor and outdoor exposure to biomass combustion products and a range of adverse health effects. A conservative estimate of the current contribution of biomass smoke to premature mortality in Europe amounts to at least 40 000 deaths per year.We conclude that emissions from current biomass combustion products negatively affect respiratory and, possibly, cardiovascular health in Europe. Biomass combustion emissions, in contrast to emissions from most other sources of air pollution, are increasing. More needs to be done to further document the health effects of biomass combustion in Europe, and to reduce emissions of harmful biomass combustion products to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sigsgaard
- University of Aarhus, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM UMR-S 1136, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France UPMC, UMR-S 1136, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anette Bølling
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Dept of Air Pollution and Noise, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoffer Boman
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Dept of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jakob Bønløkke
- University of Aarhus, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Brauer
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Environmental Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Curtis Noonan
- The University of Montana, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Joachim Pagels
- Lund University, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bert Brunekreef
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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175
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Bolund ACS, Miller MR, Basinas I, Elholm G, Omland Ø, Sigsgaard T, Schlünssen V. The effect of occupational farming on lung function development in young adults: a 15-year follow-up study. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:707-13. [PMID: 26265668 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Longitudinal studies on the effect of farming on lung function in young participants are few. Our objective was to explore if exposure to farming impaired lung function in young adults. METHODS We studied 1964 farming students and 407 controls in 1992/2004, and carried out follow-up in 2007/2008. Spirometry, skin prick test and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) were assessed, height and weight measured, and questionnaires covering health and occupation were collected. Cumulative dust and endotoxin exposures were estimated from modelled personal dust measurements. Lung function effect was expressed as change in z-score during follow-up using the Global Lung Initiative 2012 project prediction equations. Longitudinal data were available for 1134 young participants ≤25 years at baseline. RESULTS We found no differences in lung function Δz-scores between farmers and controls, however, adjusted multivariable linear regression showed a negative effect among current farmers on ΔzFEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s; -0.12, p=0.006) and ΔzFEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity; -0.15, p=0.009) compared to ex-farmers. An interaction was found between sex and farming, showing that current farming suppresses ΔzFEV1 and ΔzFVC more among females. Smoking in farmers had a deleterious effect on ΔzFEV1, which was not seen in controls, though no significant interaction was found. Farm upbringing protected against impairment of lung function, and BHR at baseline had a deleterious effect on ΔzFEV1 only in those not raised on a farm. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that being a current farmer is associated with a negative effect on lung function, when compared to ex-farmers, with females being more susceptible. Being raised on a farm protects against the adverse effect of BHR on change in lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli C S Bolund
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin R Miller
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Grethe Elholm
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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176
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Svanes Ø, Skorge TD, Johannessen A, Bertelsen RJ, Bråtveit M, Forsberg B, Gislason T, Holm M, Janson C, Jögi R, Macsali F, Norbäck D, Omenaas ER, Real FG, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Wieslander G, Zock JP, Aasen T, Dratva J, Svanes C. Respiratory Health in Cleaners in Northern Europe: Is Susceptibility Established in Early Life? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131959. [PMID: 26168149 PMCID: PMC4500550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE There is some evidence that maternal smoking increases susceptibility to personal smoking's detrimental effects. One might question whether early life disadvantage might influence susceptibility to occupational exposure. OBJECTIVES In this cross-sectional study we investigated respiratory symptoms, asthma and self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as related to working as a cleaner in Northern European populations, and whether early life factors influenced susceptibility to occupational cleaning's unhealthy effects. METHODS The RHINE III questionnaire study assessed occupational cleaning in 13,499 participants. Associations with respiratory symptoms, asthma and self-reported COPD were analysed with multiple logistic regressions, adjusting for sex, age, smoking, educational level, parent´s educational level, BMI and participating centre. Interaction of occupational cleaning with early life disadvantage (maternal smoking, severe respiratory infection <5 years, born during winter months, maternal age at birth >35 years) was investigated. MAIN RESULTS Among 2138 ever-cleaners the risks of wheeze (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6), adult-onset asthma (1.5 [1.2-1.8]) and self-reported COPD (1.7 [1.3-2.2]) were increased. The risk increased with years in occupational cleaning (adult-onset asthma: ≤1 year 0.9 [0.7-1.3]; 1-4 years 1.5 [1.1-2.0]; ≥4 years 1.6 [1.2-2.1]). The association of wheeze with cleaning activity ≥4 years was significantly stronger for those with early life disadvantage than in those without (1.8 [1.5-2.3] vs. 1.3 [0.96-1.8]; pinteraction 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Occupational cleaners had increased risk of asthma and self-reported COPD. Respiratory symptom risk was particularly increased in persons with factors suggestive of early life disadvantage. We hypothesize that early life disadvantage may increase airway vulnerability to harmful exposure from cleaning agents later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øistein Svanes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Trude Duelien Skorge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Magne Bråtveit
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorarin Gislason
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ferenc Macsali
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunilla Wieslander
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tor Aasen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julia Dratva
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (SwissTPH), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kenney P, Hilberg O, Laursen AC, Peel RG, Sigsgaard T. Preventive effect of nasal filters on allergic rhinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover park study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1566-1572.e5. [PMID: 26141263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently reported small, out-of-season environmental exposure unit study found nasal filters to be efficacious in preventing seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR). However, nasal filters still need to show efficacy in a natural setting in a regular pollen season. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the efficacy of nasal filters (Rhinix; Rhinix ApS, Aarhus, Denmark) for the prevention of symptoms related to seasonal AR. METHODS The trial was a single-center, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial (NCT02108574) conducted over 2 days in the main grass pollen season in June 2014 in Aarhus, Denmark, on 65 adults with proven grass allergy. A total nasal symptom score (TNSS) consisting of blocked nose, runny nose, nasal itching, and sneezing was used to evaluate symptoms. The difference in daily∑ TNSS (the sum of 13 ratings) was the primary outcome measure. The difference in maximum TNSS (highest score, 13 ratings) was also evaluated. RESULTS The nasal filters significantly reduced daily∑ TNSSs (P = .03) and maximum TNSSs (P = .03) compared with placebo. Median relative reductions were 40% for daily∑ TNSSs (P = .02), 43% for maximum TNSSs (P = .004), 83% for daily∑ sneezing (P = .001), 75% for daily∑ watery eyes (P = .02), and 53% for daily∑ runny nose (P = .005) when compared with placebo. The nasal filters were well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSION Statistically significant and clinically relevant reductions were achieved for the primary outcome measure of daily∑ TNSS, for maximum TNSS and for a subset of individual symptoms. The results support the preventive role of nasal filters for managing seasonal AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kenney
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Rhinix ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Robert George Peel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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178
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Liu X, Olsen J, Agerbo E, Yuan W, Sigsgaard T, Li J. Prenatal stress and childhood asthma in the offspring: role of age at onset. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:1042-6. [PMID: 26116689 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder with different phenotypes, and age at onset may define part of them. Little is known about possible association between prenatal stress and asthma phenotypes according to age at onset. We aim to investigate whether there is an association between prenatal stress and asthma, and if so, whether such an association differs according to age at asthma onset. METHODS We carried out a cohort study based on several national registers in Denmark, including all live singletons born during 1996-2007 in Denmark (N = 750,058). We identified children born to mothers who lost a close relative (a child, partner/spouse, a parent or a sibling) 1 year prior to or during pregnancy as the bereaved group. Using Cox proportional hazards regression model, we evaluated the hazard ratios (HRs) for asthma in children of bereaved mothers, compared with children of non-bereaved mothers. RESULTS Prenatal stress following maternal bereavement was associated with a marginally increased risk of asthma events in children aged 0-3 years [HR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.07], while unexpected bereavement was associated with a higher risk (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.24). There was no association between prenatal bereavement and asthma in children aged 4-15 years (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.09). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal stress is possibly associated with asthma events in children aged 0-3 years, but not with asthma in children aged 4-15 years irrespective of age at asthma onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- 1 Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 2 Department of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, National Population & Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Jørn Olsen
- 1 Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 3 Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Esben Agerbo
- 4 National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 5 CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wei Yuan
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, National Population & Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- 6 Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jiong Li
- 1 Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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179
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Holst G, Høst A, Doekes G, Meyer HW, Madsen AM, Sigsgaard T. Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. Indoor Air 2015; 25:245-59. [PMID: 25039673 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. The parents answered questions regarding potential determinants. We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. Having a carpet was positively associated with dust load and with endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. Pet keeping, dwelling type, and dwelling location were determinants of endotoxin concentrations. No other determinants were associated with β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Holst
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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180
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Schiöler L, Ruth M, Jõgi R, Gislason T, Storaas T, Janson C, Forsberg B, Sigsgaard T, Torén K, Hellgren J. Nocturnal GERD - a risk factor for rhinitis/rhinosinusitis: the RHINE study. Allergy 2015; 70:697-702. [PMID: 25808429 DOI: 10.1111/all.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for developing rhinitis/rhinosinusitis, but data are lacking. This is a prospective 10-year follow-up study of a large multicenter cohort from Northern Europe, evaluating the relationship between nocturnal GERD and noninfectious rhinitis (NIR). METHODS The study comprised 5417 subjects born between 1945 and 1973, who answered a questionnaire in 1999-2001 and again in 2010-2012. Noninfectious rhinitis was defined as having nasal obstruction, secretion, and/or sneezing without having the common cold. Odds ratios for developing NIR in relation to age, gender, BMI, smoking, asthma, and nocturnal GERD were calculated. RESULTS During the 10-year observation period, 1034 subjects (19.1%) developed NIR. Subjects reporting nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux in both 1999 and 2010 had more NIR in 2010 (2.8% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001). There was a significant dose-response relationship between the number of reflux episodes/week in 1999 and the risk of having NIR in 2010, P = 0.02. In the multiple regression adjusted for age, gender, BMI, tobacco smoke, and asthma, those with nocturnal GERD in 1999 (≥3 episodes of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms per week) had an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5, P = 0.03) to develop NIR in 2010. Smoking was associated both with an increased risk of developing NIR (30.7% vs 24.0%, P < 0.001) and with the development of nocturnal GERD. CONCLUSION This large, population-based, 10-year study indicates that nocturnal GERD was a risk factor for noninfectious rhinitis/rhinosinusitis. GERD should therefore be considered in patients with rhinitis of known and unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Schiöler
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - M. Ruth
- Departmet of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery; Sahlgrenska Academy; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - R. Jõgi
- Lung Clinic; Tartu University Hospital; Tartu Estonia
| | - T. Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep; Landspitali University Hospital; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - T. Storaas
- Department of Occupational Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - C. Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Medicine and Allergology; Uppsala University; Akademiska sjukhuset; Uppsala Sweden
| | - B. Forsberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health Section for Environment Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. Torén
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. Hellgren
- Departmet of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery; Sahlgrenska Academy; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
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181
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Bentayeb M, Norback D, Bednarek M, Bernard A, Cai G, Cerrai S, Eleftheriou KK, Gratziou C, Holst GJ, Lavaud F, Nasilowski J, Sestini P, Sarno G, Sigsgaard T, Wieslander G, Zielinski J, Viegi G, Annesi-Maesano I. Indoor air quality, ventilation and respiratory health in elderly residents living in nursing homes in Europe. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1228-1238. [PMID: 25766977 DOI: 10.1183/0903193600082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Few data exist on respiratory effects of indoor air quality and comfort parameters in the elderly. In the context of the GERIE study, we investigated for the first time the relationships of these factors to respiratory morbidity among elderly people permanently living in nursing homes in seven European countries. 600 elderly people from 50 nursing homes underwent a medical examination and completed a standardised questionnaire. Air quality and comfort parameters were objectively assessed in situ in the nursing home. Mean concentrations of air pollutants did not exceed the existing standards. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio was highly significantly related to elevated levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of <0.1 µm (PM0.1) (adjusted OR 8.16, 95% CI 2.24-29.3) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.06-13.1). Excess risks for usual breathlessness and cough were found with elevated PM10 (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.15-2.07) and aOR 1.73 (95% CI 1.17-10.3), respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.15-2.20) and aOR 1.56 (95% CI 1.03-2.41), respectively). Excess risks for wheeze in the past year were found with PM0.1 (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.15-7.02) and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exhaled carbon monoxide with formaldehyde (aOR 3.49 (95% CI 1.17-10.3) and aOR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02-1.55), respectively). Breathlessness and cough were associated with higher carbon dioxide. Relative humidity was inversely related to wheeze in the past year and usual cough. Elderly subjects aged ≥80 years were at higher risk. Pollutant effects were more pronounced in the case of poor ventilation. Even at low levels, indoor air quality affected respiratory health in elderly people permanently living in nursing homes, with frailty increasing with age. The effects were modulated by ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Bentayeb
- INSERM, U1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Sorbonne Universités, UMR S 1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France
| | - Dan Norback
- Dept of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Micha Bednarek
- 2nd Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Dept of Public Health, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guihong Cai
- Dept of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Cerrai
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Christina Gratziou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Dept, Asthma Centre, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Gitte Juel Holst
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Dept of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - François Lavaud
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Jacek Nasilowski
- 2nd Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Sarno
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Dept of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunilla Wieslander
- Dept of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Zielinski
- 2nd Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy CNR Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, U1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Sorbonne Universités, UMR S 1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France
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182
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Thomsen GF, Schlünssen V, Skadhauge LR, Malling TH, Sherson DL, Omland Ø, Sigsgaard T. Are allergen batch differences and the use of double skin prick test important? BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:33. [PMID: 25886946 PMCID: PMC4397883 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin prick tests (SPT) are widely used both in clinical diagnostics and in research. The standardization of allergen extracts is well documented to be crucial for the validity of SPT, whereas less emphasis has been placed on reproducibility and the SPT procedure itself. The objectives of this study are to clarify how the double skin prick test procedure influence the sensitivity and specificity of the test and to analyse the differences in weal size in skin prick tests between two batches of allergen extracts from the same vendor. Methods The association between rhinitis and SPT was assessed among 1135 persons from a general population sample. SPT was performed twice with 10 common aeroallergens. In a subsample of 90 persons SPT was performed simultaneously with five of the allergens using different batches. Results Thirty percent had at least one positive SPT. Among asthmatics this number was 62%. Only minor differences were seen between the sizes of two weals from the same batch. A second SPT with the same batch did not change the association between rhinitis and sensitization. When performing SPT with two different batches disagreement was observed in 2% (Birch) to 11% (Cat) of the subjects. Conclusions Performing SPT twice with the same allergen batch does not enhance the validity of the test, and value of double testing can be questioned. Considerable differences in SPT response with different batches from the same manufacturer were observed. Thus inter batch differences in allergen extracts might be a source of variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert F Thomsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of Southwest Denmark, Finsensgade 35, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lars R Skadhauge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of Southwest Denmark, Finsensgade 35, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark. .,Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Tine Halsen Malling
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - David L Sherson
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Pulmonal Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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183
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Sigsgaard T, Thorne PS, Schlünssen V, Bønløkke J, Riddervold IS, Hoppe KA, Andersen NT, Mackenzie NM. The change in nasal inflammatory markers after intranasal challenges with particulate chitin and lipopolysaccharide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with a positive control. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:716-23. [PMID: 25851155 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of chitin on the inflammation and immune modulation of the nasal mucosa. This compound was compared to placebo and as a positive control we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Fourteen healthy nonsmoking volunteers 22 to 28 years of age were included. All persons underwent exposure to chitin microparticles (CP) and placebo in a randomized double-blinded fashion. In a last session we used LPS from Enterobacter agglomerans in a single-blinded fashion. There were 2 weeks between each session. The outcome measures were Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and nasal lavage for cytokines and cells at 0, 3, 4, 8 hours. RESULTS We showed that CP was only weakly inflammatory compared to LPS. In contrast to the LPS response, we did however show an immune-regulatory effect of CP on enhanced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 responses known to downregulate T helper 2 (Th2) responses, indicating a potential beneficial effect of CP for the regulation of the allergic Th2 immune response. CONCLUSION This study also shows that CP is well tolerated in healthy volunteers, and that does not induce significantly more symptoms compared to placebo. In fact there is a tendency for CP instillation to induce less rhinorrhoea compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter S Thorne
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bønløkke
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ingunn S Riddervold
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kimberly A Hoppe
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Niels Trolle Andersen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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184
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Bentayeb M, Norback D, Bednarek M, Bernard A, Cai G, Cerrai S, Eleftheriou KK, Gratziou C, Holst GJ, Lavaud F, Nasilowski J, Sestini P, Sarno G, Sigsgaard T, Wieslander G, Zielinski J, Viegi G, Annesi-Maesano I. Indoor air quality, ventilation and respiratory health in elderly residents living in nursing homes in Europe. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1228-38. [PMID: 25766977 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Few data exist on respiratory effects of indoor air quality and comfort parameters in the elderly. In the context of the GERIE study, we investigated for the first time the relationships of these factors to respiratory morbidity among elderly people permanently living in nursing homes in seven European countries. 600 elderly people from 50 nursing homes underwent a medical examination and completed a standardised questionnaire. Air quality and comfort parameters were objectively assessed in situ in the nursing home. Mean concentrations of air pollutants did not exceed the existing standards. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio was highly significantly related to elevated levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of <0.1 µm (PM0.1) (adjusted OR 8.16, 95% CI 2.24-29.3) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.06-13.1). Excess risks for usual breathlessness and cough were found with elevated PM10 (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.15-2.07) and aOR 1.73 (95% CI 1.17-10.3), respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.15-2.20) and aOR 1.56 (95% CI 1.03-2.41), respectively). Excess risks for wheeze in the past year were found with PM0.1 (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.15-7.02) and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exhaled carbon monoxide with formaldehyde (aOR 3.49 (95% CI 1.17-10.3) and aOR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02-1.55), respectively). Breathlessness and cough were associated with higher carbon dioxide. Relative humidity was inversely related to wheeze in the past year and usual cough. Elderly subjects aged ≥80 years were at higher risk. Pollutant effects were more pronounced in the case of poor ventilation. Even at low levels, indoor air quality affected respiratory health in elderly people permanently living in nursing homes, with frailty increasing with age. The effects were modulated by ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Bentayeb
- INSERM, U1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Sorbonne Universités, UMR S 1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France
| | - Dan Norback
- Dept of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Micha Bednarek
- 2nd Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Dept of Public Health, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guihong Cai
- Dept of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Cerrai
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Christina Gratziou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Dept, Asthma Centre, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Gitte Juel Holst
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Dept of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - François Lavaud
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Jacek Nasilowski
- 2nd Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Sarno
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Dept of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunilla Wieslander
- Dept of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Zielinski
- 2nd Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy CNR Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, U1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Sorbonne Universités, UMR S 1136 IPLESP EPAR, Paris, France
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185
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Basinas I, Sigsgaard T, Kromhout H, Heederik D, Wouters IM, Schlünssen V. A comprehensive review of levels and determinants of personal exposure to dust and endotoxin in livestock farming. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2015; 25:123-37. [PMID: 24280684 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory health effects of livestock farming have been on debate for more than three decades. Endotoxin-contaminated organic dusts are considered as the most important respiratory hazards within livestock environments. A comprehensive review of the knowledge from studies assessing the exposure status of livestock farmers is still to be published. The present study reviews research published within the last 30 years on personal exposure of livestock farmers to organic dust and endotoxin, focusing on studies on pig, poultry and cattle farmers. Applied measurement methods and reported levels of personal exposure for the total, inhalable and respirable fractions are summarized and discussed, with emphasis on the intensity of exposure and the size and distribution of the reported exposure variability. In addition, available evidence on potential determinants of personal exposure to dust and endotoxin among these farmers are documented and discussed, taking results from exposure determinant studies using stationary sampling approaches into consideration. Research needs are addressed from an epidemiological and industrial hygiene perspective. Published studies have been heterogeneous in design, and applied methodologies and results were frequently inadequately reported. Despite these limitations and the presence of an enormous variability in personal exposure to dust and endotoxin, no clear downward trends in exposure with time were observed, suggesting that working environments within stables remains largely uncontrolled. Exposure control and prevention strategies for livestock farmers are urgently required. These should focus on the development of novel and improved methods of controlling dust and endotoxin exposure within stables based on the currently available knowledge on determinants of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Basinas
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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186
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Sauni R, Verbeek JH, Uitti J, Jauhiainen M, Kreiss K, Sigsgaard T. Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for preventing or reducing respiratory tract symptoms, infections and asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD007897. [PMID: 25715323 PMCID: PMC6769180 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007897.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dampness and mould in buildings have been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms, asthma and respiratory infections of inhabitants. Moisture damage is a very common problem in private houses, workplaces and public buildings such as schools. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of repairing buildings damaged by dampness and mould in order to reduce or prevent respiratory tract symptoms, infections and symptoms of asthma. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 10), MEDLINE (1951 to November week 1, 2014), EMBASE (1974 to November 2014), CINAHL (1982 to November 2014), Science Citation Index (1973 to November 2014), Biosis Previews (1989 to June 2011), NIOSHTIC (1930 to March 2014) and CISDOC (1974 to March 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs (cRCTs), interrupted time series studies and controlled before-after (CBA) studies of the effects of remediating dampness and mould in a building on respiratory symptoms, infections and asthma. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. MAIN RESULTS We included 12 studies (8028 participants): two RCTs (294 participants), one cRCT (4407 participants) and nine CBA studies (3327 participants). The interventions varied from thorough renovation to cleaning only.Repairing houses decreased asthma-related symptoms in adults (among others, wheezing (odds ratio (OR) 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 0.75) and respiratory infections (among others, rhinitis (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.66), two studies, moderate-quality evidence). For children, we did not find a difference between repaired houses and receiving information only, in the number of asthma days or emergency department visits because of asthma (one study, moderate-quality evidence).One CBA study showed very low-quality evidence that after repairing a mould-damaged office building, asthma-related and other respiratory symptoms decreased. In another CBA study, there was no difference in symptoms between full or partial repair of houses.For children in schools, the evidence of an effect of mould remediation on respiratory symptoms was inconsistent and out of many symptom measures only respiratory infections might have decreased after the intervention. For staff in schools, there was very low-quality evidence that asthma-related and other respiratory symptoms in mould-damaged schools were similar to those of staff in non-damaged schools, both before and after intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found moderate to very low-quality evidence that repairing mould-damaged houses and offices decreases asthma-related symptoms and respiratory infections compared to no intervention in adults. There is very low-quality evidence that although repairing schools did not significantly change respiratory symptoms in staff, pupils' visits to physicians due to a common cold were less frequent after remediation of the school. Better research, preferably with a cRCT design and with more validated outcome measures, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Sauni
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O.Box 486, Tampere, Finland,
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187
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Bekö G, Callesen M, Weschler CJ, Toftum J, Langer S, Sigsgaard T, Høst A, Kold Jensen T, Clausen G. Phthalate exposure through different pathways and allergic sensitization in preschool children with asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. Environ Res 2015; 137:432-439. [PMID: 25625823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies in rodents indicate that phthalates can function as adjuvants, increasing the potency of allergens. Meanwhile, epidemiological studies have produced inconsistent findings regarding relationships between phthalate exposures and allergic disease in humans. The present study examined phthalate exposure and allergic sensitization in a large group of 3-5 year old children: 300 random controls and 200 cases with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic dermatitis as reported in questionnaires. The children were clinically examined to confirm their health status. Blood samples were analyzed for IgE sensitization to 20 allergens. Adjusted logistic regressions were used to look for associations between phthalate exposure indicators (mass fractions in dust from children's homes and daycares, metabolites in urine, and estimated daily indoor intakes from dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption) and sensitization and allergic disease. No direct associations were found between phthalate exposures and asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic dermatitis. However, among children with these diseases, there were significant associations between non-dietary exposures to DnBP, BBzP and DEHP in the indoor environment (mass fractions in dust or daily indoor intakes from dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption) and allergic sensitization. Some exposure pathways were more strongly associated with sensitization than others, although the results are not conclusive and require confirmation. A number of the associations depended on accounting for a child's exposure in more than one environment (i.e., daycare facility as well as home). Significant associations were not observed between phthalate metabolites in urine, which reflected exposure from diet as well as indoor pathways, and allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Michael Callesen
- Department of Pediatrics, HC Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Charles J Weschler
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Jørn Toftum
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarka Langer
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, SE-400 14 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Høst
- Department of Pediatrics, HC Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Geo Clausen
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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188
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Eduard W, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Omland Ø, Pearce N, Douwes J. Can selection explain the protective effects of farming on asthma? Ann Agric Environ Med 2015; 22:467-469. [PMID: 26403116 DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1167715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Reduced asthma and allergy risks in farmers have been ascribed to microbial exposures. However, selection may also play a role and this was assessed in two Scandinavian farming populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Asthma prevalence in 739 Danish farming students was compared to that of 1,105 siblings. 8,482 Norwegian farmers were also compared with 349 early retired farmers. RESULTS The prevalence of ever-asthma was 5.4% in farming students and 5.2% in siblings (OR 1.1; 95%CI 0.73-1.7). Current asthma in farmers was 3.0% compared to 6.3% in farmers who had retired early (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1-2.9). Adjustments for early retirement increased the asthma prevalence by 0.3-0.6%. Farmers who had changed production were more likely to have asthma (OR 9.8, 95% CI 6.0-16). CONCLUSIONS No healthy worker selection into farming was observed and changes in asthma prevalence due to early retirement were small. Selection effects are therefore unlikely to explain the protective effects of farming on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijnand Eduard
- 1. Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway2. Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Work and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- 1. Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Work and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 2. Department of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Neil Pearce
- 1. Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand 2. Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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189
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Brunekreef B, Künzli N, Pekkanen J, Annesi-Maesano I, Forsberg B, Sigsgaard T, Keuken M, Forastiere F, Barry M, Querol X, Harrison RM. Clean air in Europe: beyond the horizon? Eur Respir J 2014; 45:7-10. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00186114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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190
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Olsen Y, Karottki DG, Jensen DM, Bekö G, Kjeldsen BU, Clausen G, Hersoug LG, Holst GJ, Wierzbicka A, Sigsgaard T, Linneberg A, Møller P, Loft S. Vascular and lung function related to ultrafine and fine particles exposure assessed by personal and indoor monitoring: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2014; 13:112. [PMID: 25512042 PMCID: PMC4290094 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) has been linked to decline in pulmonary function and cardiovascular events possibly through inflammation. Little is known about individual exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) inside and outside modern homes and associated health-related effects. METHODS Associations between vascular and lung function, inflammation markers and exposure in terms of particle number concentration (PNC; d = 10-300 nm) were studied in a cross-sectional design with personal and home indoor monitoring in the Western Copenhagen Area, Denmark. During 48-h, PNC and PM2.5 were monitored in living rooms of 60 homes with 81 non-smoking subjects (30-75 years old), 59 of whom carried personal monitors both when at home and away from home. We measured lung function in terms of the FEV1/FVC ratio, microvascular function (MVF) and pulse amplitude by digital artery tonometry, blood pressure and biomarkers of inflammation including C-reactive protein, and leukocyte counts with subdivision in neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in blood. RESULTS PNC from personal and stationary home monitoring showed weak correlation (r = 0.15, p = 0.24). Personal UFP exposure away from home was significantly inversely associated with MVF (1.3% decline per interquartile range, 95% confidence interval: 0.1-2.5%) and pulse amplitude and positively associated with leukocyte and neutrophil counts. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts were also positively and pulse amplitude negatively associated with total personal PNC. Indoor PNC and PM2.5 showed positive association with blood pressure and inverse association with eosinophil counts. CONCLUSIONS The inverse association between personal exposure away from home and MVF is consistent with adverse health effects of UFP from sources outside the home and might be related to increased inflammation indicated by leukocyte counts, whereas UFP from sources in the home could have less effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Olsen
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorina Gabriela Karottki
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Marie Jensen
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- />International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Alle 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birthe Uldahl Kjeldsen
- />International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Alle 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Geo Clausen
- />International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Alle 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars-Georg Hersoug
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Juel Holst
- />Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation & Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- />Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- />Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation & Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- />Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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191
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Karottki DG, Bekö G, Clausen G, Madsen AM, Andersen ZJ, Massling A, Ketzel M, Ellermann T, Lund R, Sigsgaard T, Møller P, Loft S. Cardiovascular and lung function in relation to outdoor and indoor exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter in middle-aged subjects. Environ Int 2014; 73:372-81. [PMID: 25233101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between exposure to airborne indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular and respiratory health in a population-based sample of 58 residences in Copenhagen, Denmark. Over a 2-day period indoor particle number concentrations (PNC, 10-300 nm) and PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter<2.5 μm) were monitored for each of the residences in the living room, and outdoor PNC (10-280 nm), PM2.5 and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter<10 μm) were monitored at an urban background station in Copenhagen. In the morning, after the 2-day monitoring period, we measured microvascular function (MVF) and lung function and collected blood samples for biomarkers related to inflammation, in 78 middle-aged residents. Bacteria, endotoxin and fungi were analyzed in material from electrostatic dust fall collectors placed in the residences for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using linear regression with the generalized estimating equation approach. Statistically significant associations were found between indoor PNC, dominated by indoor use of candles, and lower lung function, the prediabetic marker HbA1c and systemic inflammatory markers observed as changes in leukocyte differential count and expression of adhesion markers on monocytes, whereas C-reactive protein was significantly associated with indoor PM2.5. The presence of indoor endotoxin was associated with lower lung function and expression of adhesion markers on monocytes. An inverse association between outdoor PNC and MVF was also statistically significant. The study suggests that PNC in the outdoor environment may be associated with decreased MVF, while PNC, mainly driven by candle burning, and bioaerosols in the indoor environment may have a negative effect on lung function and markers of systemic inflammation and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Gabriela Karottki
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Geo Clausen
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ellermann
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health - Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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192
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Raulf M, Buters J, Chapman M, Cecchi L, de Blay F, Doekes G, Eduard W, Heederik D, Jeebhay MF, Kespohl S, Krop E, Moscato G, Pala G, Quirce S, Sander I, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Wiszniewska M, Wouters IM, Annesi-Maesano I. Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens-- EAACI Position Paper. Concerted action of the EAACI IG Occupational Allergy and Aerobiology & Air Pollution. Allergy 2014; 69:1280-99. [PMID: 24894737 DOI: 10.1111/all.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high molecular weight sensitizers of biological origin is an important risk factor for the development of asthma and rhinitis. Most of the causal allergens have been defined based on their reactivity with IgE antibodies, and in many cases, the molecular structure and function of the allergens have been established. Significant information on allergen levels that cause sensitization and allergic symptoms for several major environmental and occupational allergens has been reported. Monitoring of high molecular weight allergens and allergen carrier particles is an important part of the management of allergic respiratory diseases and requires standardized allergen assessment methods for occupational and environmental (indoor and outdoor) allergen exposure. The aim of this EAACI task force was to review the essential points for monitoring environmental and occupational allergen exposure including sampling strategies and methods, processing of dust samples, allergen analysis, and quantification. The paper includes a summary of different methods for sampling and allergen quantification, as well as their pros and cons for various exposure settings. Recommendations are being made for different exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - J. Buters
- ZAUM- Center of Allergy & Environment; Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical Universität München; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | | | - L. Cecchi
- Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology; University of Florence; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section; Azienda Sanitaria di Prato; Prato Italy
| | - F. de Blay
- Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - G. Doekes
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - W. Eduard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment/National Institute of Occupational Health; Institute of Medical Biology; University in Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
| | - D. Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - M. F. Jeebhay
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - S. Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - E. Krop
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - G. Moscato
- Department of Public Health; Experimental and Forensic Medicine of the University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - G. Pala
- Occupational Physician's Division; Local Health Authority of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases CIBERES; Madrid Spain
| | - I. Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - V. Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health; Section for Environment; Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health; Section for Environment; Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - I. M. Wouters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM; Equipe Epidémiologie des allergies et des maladies respiratorires UMR-S 707; Paris France
- EPAR; Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine; UPMC; Paris France
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193
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Jensen A, Karottki DG, Christensen JM, Bønløkke JH, Sigsgaard T, Glasius M, Loft S, Møller P. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation after wood smoke exposure in a reconstructed Viking Age house. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:652-661. [PMID: 24889798 DOI: 10.1002/em.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particles from combustion of wood is associated with respiratory symptoms, whereas there is limited knowledge about systemic effects. We investigated effects on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage in humans who lived in a reconstructed Viking Age house, with indoor combustion of wood for heating and cooking. The subjects were exposed to high indoor concentrations of PM2.5 (700-3,600 µg/m(3)), CO (10.7-15.3 ppm) and NO2 (140-154 µg/m(3)) during a 1-week stay. Nevertheless, there were unaltered levels of genotoxicity, determined as DNA strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase and oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 sensitive sites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. There were also unaltered expression levels of OGG1, HMOX1, CCL2, IL8, and TNF levels in leukocytes. In serum, there were unaltered levels of C-reactive protein, IL6, IL8, TNF, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins. The wood smoke exposure was associated with decreased serum levels of sICAM-1, and a tendency to decreased sVCAM-1 levels. There was a minor increase in the levels of circulating monocytes expressing CD31, whereas there were unaltered expression levels of CD11b, CD49d, and CD62L on monocytes after the stay in the house. In conclusion, even a high inhalation exposure to wood smoke was associated with limited systemic effects on markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and monocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Redlich CA, Tarlo SM, Hankinson JL, Townsend MC, Eschenbacher WL, Von Essen SG, Sigsgaard T, Weissman DN. Reply: Spirometry in the occupational setting. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:353-4. [PMID: 25084267 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1063le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Vandenplas O, Wiszniewska M, Raulf M, de Blay F, Gerth van Wijk R, Moscato G, Nemery B, Pala G, Quirce S, Sastre J, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Siracusa A, Tarlo SM, van Kampen V, Zock JP, Walusiak-Skorupa J. EAACI position paper: irritant-induced asthma. Allergy 2014; 69:1141-53. [PMID: 24854136 DOI: 10.1111/all.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The term irritant-induced (occupational) asthma (IIA) has been used to denote various clinical forms of asthma related to irritant exposure at work. The causal relationship between irritant exposure(s) and the development of asthma can be substantiated by the temporal association between the onset of asthma symptoms and a single or multiple high-level exposure(s) to irritants, whereas this relationship can only be inferred from epidemiological data for workers chronically exposed to moderate levels of irritants. Accordingly, the following clinical phenotypes should be distinguished within the wide spectrum of irritant-related asthma: (i) definite IIA, that is acute-onset IIA characterized by the rapid onset of asthma within a few hours after a single exposure to very high levels of irritant substances; (ii) probable IIA, that is asthma that develops in workers with multiple symptomatic high-level exposures to irritants; and (iii) possible IIA, that is asthma occurring with a delayed-onset after chronic exposure to moderate levels of irritants. This document prepared by a panel of experts summarizes our current knowledge on the diagnostic approach, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the various phenotypes of IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Vandenplas
- Department of Chest Medicine; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne; Université Catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - M. Wiszniewska
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Toxicology; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; Lodz Poland
| | - M. Raulf
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - F. de Blay
- Division of Asthma and Allergy; Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg; Strasbourg University; Strasbourg France
| | - R. Gerth van Wijk
- Section of Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. Moscato
- Department of Public Health; Experimental and Forensic Medicine of the University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - B. Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - G. Pala
- Occupational Physician's Division; Local Health Authority of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid Spain
| | - J. Sastre
- Department of Allergy; Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid Spain
| | - V. Schlünssen
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Department of Public Health; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Department of Public Health; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Siracusa
- Formerly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - S. M. Tarlo
- Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Respiratory Division; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Gage Occupational and Environmental Health Unit; St Michael's Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - V. van Kampen
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - J.-P. Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research (NIVEL); Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J. Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Toxicology; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; Lodz Poland
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196
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Reynolds SJ, Nonnenmann MW, Basinas I, Davidson M, Elfman L, Gordon J, Kirychuck S, Reed S, Schaeffer JW, Schenker MB, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T. Systematic review of respiratory health among dairy workers. J Agromedicine 2014; 18:219-43. [PMID: 23844790 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.797374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The dairy industry is changing on a global scale with larger, more efficient operations. The impact of this change on worker health and safety, specifically, associations between occupational lung disease and inhalation exposures, has yet to be reported in a comprehensive review of the scientific literature. Therefore, a three-tier process was used to identify information using a keyword search of online databases of scientific literature. Of the 147 citations reviewed, 52 met initial screening criteria, and 30 were included in this review. Dairy workers experience lung conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, and cancer. Recent pulmonary function studies have identified obstructive lung changes among dairy farm workers. The increased scale of dairy production with significant changes in technology and work practices has altered inhalation exposure patterns among dairy workers. The inhalation exposure in the dairy work environment may elicit differing inflammatory responses in relation to timing of initial exposure as well as to repeated exposures. Few studies have measured inhalation exposure while simultaneously assessing the impact of the exposure on lung function of dairy farm workers. Even fewer studies have been implemented to assess the impact of aerosol control technology to reduce inhalation exposure. Future research should evaluate worker exposure to aerosols through a task-based approach while utilizing novel methods to assess inhalation exposure and associated inflammatory responses. Finally, potential solutions should be developed and tested to reduce inhalation exposure to inflammatory agents and respiratory diseases in the dairy farm work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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197
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Janss L, Sigsgaard T, Sorensen D. Whole-genome analyses of lung function, height and smoking. Ann Hum Genet 2014; 78:452-67. [PMID: 25081033 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A joint analysis of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume after one second) and height is reported using novel methodology, as well as a single-trait analysis of smoking status. A first goal of the study was to incorporate dense genetic marker information in a random regression (Bayesian) model to quantify the relative contributions of genomic and environmental factors to the relationship between FEV1 and height. Smoking status was analysed using a probit random regression model and a second goal of the study was to estimate the genomic heritability of smoking status. Estimates of genomic heritabilities for height and FEV1 are equal to 0.47 and to 0.30, respectively. The estimates of the genomic and environmental correlations between height and FEV1 are 0.78 and 0.34, respectively. The posterior mean of the genomic heritability of smoking status is equal to 0.14 and provides evidence for the presence of genetic factors associated with the trait. Under the data augmentation strategy introduced, the joint posterior distribution of FEV1 and height factorises into two independent posterior distributions. This simplifies programming and results in excellent numerical behaviour. The approach can be readily extended for the joint analysis of an arbitrary number of traits. Details are shown in an Appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Janss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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198
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Sigsgaard T, Tovey ER. Nasal filters: a novel approach to tackling allergic rhinitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1133-5. [PMID: 25081306 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.945434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
More than 300 million individuals in industrialized countries suffer from allergic rhinitis. Rhinitis is a disease characterized by stuffy or runny nose, followed by red, itchy watering eyes and repeated sneezing. But more common problems for rhinitis patients are the overlooked social difficulties, with the majority reporting tiredness, feeling miserable or irritable. Often, medication is not able to adequately control symptoms and there is a need for other aids against the disease. Here, we describe the current situation after five trials using nasal filters in the remediation of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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199
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Smit LAM, Strachan DP, Vermeulen R, de Bakker PIW, Demenais F, Dumas O, Carsin AE, Cullinan P, Curjuric I, Ghosh RE, Heederik D, Imboden M, Jarvis D, Lathrop M, Le Moual N, Mehta A, Miedinger D, Sigsgaard T, Siroux V, Vernez D, Zock JP, Kauffmann F, Probst-Hensch N, Kogevinas M, Bouzigon E. Human leukocyte antigen class II variants and adult-onset asthma: does occupational allergen exposure play a role? Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1234-42. [PMID: 25034568 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00068014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a locus centred on rs9273349 in the HLA-DQ region emerged from genome-wide association studies of adult-onset asthma. We aimed to further investigate the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II in adult-onset asthma and a possible interaction with occupational exposures. We imputed classical HLA-II alleles from 7579 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 6025 subjects (1202 with adult-onset asthma) from European cohorts: ECRHS, SAPALDIA, EGEA and B58C, and from surveys of bakers and agricultural workers. Based on an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix, 2629 subjects had ever been exposed to high molecular weight (HMW) allergens. We explored associations between 23 common HLA-II alleles and adult-onset asthma, and tested for gene-environment interaction with occupational exposure to HMW allergens. Interaction was also tested for rs9273349. Marginal associations of classical HLA-II alleles and adult-onset asthma were not statistically significant. Interaction was detected between the DPB1*03:01 allele and exposure to HMW allergens (p = 0.009), in particular to latex (p = 0.01). In the unexposed group, the DPB1*03:01 allele was associated with adult-onset asthma (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.53-0.86). HMW allergen exposures did not modify the association of rs9273349 with adult-onset asthma. Common classical HLA-II alleles were not marginally associated with adult-onset asthma. The association of latex exposure and adult-onset asthma may be modified by DPB1*03:01.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | | | | | - Orianne Dumas
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | | | - Paul Cullinan
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Ivan Curjuric
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Rebecca E Ghosh
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Dick Heederik
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Medea Imboden
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Mark Lathrop
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Amar Mehta
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - David Miedinger
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | | | - Valérie Siroux
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - David Vernez
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Jan Paul Zock
- For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section
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200
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Redlich CA, Tarlo SM, Hankinson JL, Townsend MC, Eschenbacher WL, Von Essen SG, Sigsgaard T, Weissman DN. Official American Thoracic Society technical standards: spirometry in the occupational setting. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:983-93. [PMID: 24735032 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0337st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This document addresses aspects of the performance and interpretation of spirometry that are particularly important in the workplace, where inhalation exposures can affect lung function and cause or exacerbate lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or fibrosis. METHODS Issues that previous American Thoracic Society spirometry statements did not adequately address with respect to the workplace were identified for systematic review. Medline 1950-2012 and Embase 1980-2012 were searched for evidence related to the following: training for spirometry technicians; testing posture; appropriate reference values to use for Asians in North America; and interpretative strategies for analyzing longitudinal change in lung function. The evidence was reviewed and technical recommendations were developed. RESULTS Spirometry performed in the work setting should be part of a comprehensive workplace respiratory health program. Effective technician training and feedback can improve the quality of spirometry testing. Posture-related changes in FEV1 and FVC, although small, may impact interpretation, so testing posture should be kept consistent and documented on repeat testing. Until North American Asian-specific equations are developed, applying a correction factor of 0.88 to white reference values is considered reasonable when testing Asian American individuals in North America. Current spirometry should be compared with previous tests. Excessive loss in FEV1 over time should be evaluated using either a percentage decline (15% plus loss expected due to aging) or one of the other approaches discussed, taking into consideration testing variability, worker exposures, symptoms, and other clinical information. CONCLUSIONS Important aspects of workplace spirometry are discussed and recommendations are provided for the performance and interpretation of workplace spirometry.
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