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Glushakova LG, Alto BW, Kim MS, Bradley A, Yaren O, Benner SA. Detection of chikungunya viral RNA in mosquito bodies on cationic (Q) paper based on innovations in synthetic biology. J Virol Methods 2017; 246:104-111. [PMID: 28457785 PMCID: PMC5967251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a growing and global concern for public health that needs inexpensive and convenient methods to collect mosquitoes as potential carriers so that they can be preserved, stored and transported for later and/or remote analysis. Reported here is a cellulose-based paper, derivatized with quaternary ammonium groups ("Q-paper") that meets these needs. In a series of tests, infected mosquito bodies were squashed directly on Q-paper. Aqueous ammonia was then added on the mosquito bodies to release viral RNA that adsorbed on the cationic surface via electrostatic interactions. The samples were then stored (frozen) or transported. For analysis, the CHIKV nucleic acids were eluted from the Q-paper and PCR amplified in a workflow, previously developed, that also exploited two nucleic acid innovations, ("artificially expanded genetic information systems", AEGIS, and "self-avoiding molecular recognition systems", SAMRS). The amplicons were then analyzed by a Luminex hybridization assay. This procedure detected CHIKV RNA, if present, in each infected mosquito sample, but not in non-infected counterparts or ddH2O samples washes, with testing one week or ten months after sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla G Glushakova
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC,13709 Progress Blvd, Box 17, Alachua, FL 32615, United States
| | - Barry W Alto
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, United States
| | - Myong Sang Kim
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC,13709 Progress Blvd, Box 17, Alachua, FL 32615, United States
| | - Andrea Bradley
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC,13709 Progress Blvd, Box 17, Alachua, FL 32615, United States
| | - Ozlem Yaren
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 13709 Progress Blvd, Box 7, Alachua, FL 32615, United States
| | - Steven A Benner
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 13709 Progress Blvd, Box 7, Alachua, FL 32615, United States; Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC,13709 Progress Blvd, Box 17, Alachua, FL 32615, United States.
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302
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Smee DF, Hurst BL, Evans WJ, Clyde N, Wright S, Peterson C, Jung KH, Day CW. Evaluation of cell viability dyes in antiviral assays with RNA viruses that exhibit different cytopathogenic properties. J Virol Methods 2017; 246:51-57. [PMID: 28359770 PMCID: PMC5479350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the performance of four dyes in assessing antiviral activities of compounds against three RNA viruses with differing cytopathogenic properties. Dyes included alamarBlue® measured by absorbance (ALB-A) and fluorescence (ALB-F), neutral red (NR), Viral ToxGlo™ (VTG), and WST-1. Viruses were chikungunya, dengue type 2, and Junin, which generally cause 100, 80-90, and 50% maximal cytopathic effect (CPE), respectively, in Vero or Vero 76 cells Compounds evaluated were 6-azauridine, BCX-4430, 3-deazaguanine, EICAR, favipiravir, infergen, mycophenolic acid (MPA), ribavirin, and tiazofurin. The 50% virus-inhibitory (EC50) values for each inhibitor and virus combination did not vary significantly based on the dye used. However, dyes varied in distinguishing the vitality of virus-infected cultures when not all cells were killed by virus infection. For example, VTG uptake into dengue-infected cells was nearly 50% when visual examination showed only 10-20% cell survival. ALB-A measured infected cell viability differently than ALB-F as follows: 16% versus 32% (dengue-infected), respectively, and 51% versus 72% (Junin-infected), respectively. Cytotoxicity (CC50) assays with dyes in uninfected proliferating cells produced similar CC50 values for EICAR (1.5-8.9μM) and MPA (0.8-2.5μM). 6-Azauridine toxicity was 6.1-17.5μM with NR, VTG, and WST-1, compared to 48-92μM with ALB-A and ALB-F (P<0.001). Curiously, the CC50 values for 3-deazaguanine were 83-93μM with ALB-F versus 2.4-7.0μM with all other dyes including ALB-A (P<0.001). Overall, ALB minimized the toxicities detected with these two inhibitors. Because the choice of dyes affected CC50 values, this impacted on the resulting in vitro selectivity indexes (calculated as CC50/EC50 ratio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Smee
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - W Joseph Evans
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Nathan Clyde
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Sean Wright
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Christopher Peterson
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Kie-Hoon Jung
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Craig W Day
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
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303
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Lu JW, Hsieh PS, Lin CC, Hu MK, Huang SM, Wang YM, Liang CY, Gong Z, Ho YJ. Synergistic effects of combination treatment using EGCG and suramin against the chikungunya virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:595-602. [PMID: 28760340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya is a severe disease that results from infection with the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus. Thus, we (1) explored a new approach to combining previously researched drugs that have shown the potential to inhibit CHIKV infection; and (2) demonstrated the antiviral effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we used U2OS cells infected with CHIVK to assess the synergistic antiviral activities of EGCG and suramin. EGCG presented the ability to inhibit the viral RNA, progeny yield, and cytopathic effect (CPE) of CHIKV and also demonstrated the ability to protect against virus entry, replication, and release. Moreover, the results confirmed that EGCG and suramin can have synergistic effects against CHIKV strain S27 infection and two other clinical isolates of CHIKV. Our findings suggest that treatment with a combination of EGCG and suramin could provide a basis for the development of novel stretages against CHIKV infection.
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304
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chikungunya virus infection causes arthralgia and arthritis in the acute phase of the disease but, in more than half of the cases, musculoskeletal manifestations can be prolonged over time and, in some cases, become chronic. Although polyarthralgia is the most frequent chronic manifestation, forms with polyarthritis, tenosynovitis and enthesopathy are also common. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with persistent articular manifestations after infection with the Chikungunya virus. PATIENTS Report of 3 cases of chronic arthritis after infection with chikungunya virus diagnosed at outpatient care in a university hospital of Catalonia, all of them imported after exposure in areas of epidemic infection between 2013-2015. RESULTS All three patients had inflammatory joint pain for more than one year after acute disease (3, 2 and 1 years, respectively). In all cases, it appeared as polyarthritis with involvement of small joints of hands and feet (pseudorheumatoid arthritis-like). Laboratory tests showed a slight elevation of acute phase reactants, and analyses for immune markers were negative. Two of the patients required treatment with glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine. The course led to slow clinical improvement, but only one of them came to be completely asymptomatic. CONCLUSION In the differential diagnosis of chronic polyarthritis, Chikungunya virus disease should also be considered in areas in which it is not endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mateo
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, España.
| | - Silvia Roure
- Unitat de Salut Internacional PROSICS Metropolitana Nord, Malalties Infeccioses, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, España
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305
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Cirimotich CM, Vela EM, Garver J, Barnewall RE, Miller BD, Meister GT, Rogers JV. Chikungunya virus infection in Cynomolgus macaques following Intradermal and aerosol exposure. Virol J 2017; 14:135. [PMID: 28728590 PMCID: PMC5520379 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted via mosquito bite and potentially by aerosol, causing chikungunya fever and arthritic disease in humans. There are currently no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapeutics to protect against CHIKV infection in humans. Animal models recapitulating human disease, especially for transmission by aerosol, are needed for licensure of such medical countermeasures. METHODS Cynomolgus macaques (CMs) were challenged by intradermal (ID) inoculation or exposure to an aerosol containing CHIKV Ross strain at different target infectious doses (103-107 plaque forming units (PFU)). The clinical and virologic courses of disease were monitored up to 14 days post-exposure. RESULTS ID infection of CMs led to overt clinical disease, detectable viremia, and increased blood markers of liver damage. Animals challenged by aerosol exhibited viremia and increased liver damage biomarkers with minimal observed clinical disease. All animals survived CHIKV challenge. CONCLUSIONS We have described CHIKV infection in CMs following ID inoculation and, for the first time, infection by aerosol. Based on limited reported cases in the published literature, the aerosol model recapitulates the virologic findings of human infection via this route. The results of this study provide additional evidence for the potential use of CMs as a model for evaluating medical countermeasures against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric M Vela
- Battelle, West Jefferson, OH, 43162, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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306
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Mathew AJ, Ganapati A, Kabeerdoss J, Nair A, Gupta N, Chebbi P, Mandal SK, Danda D. Chikungunya Infection: a Global Public Health Menace. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:13. [PMID: 28233156 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been involved in epidemics in African and Asian subcontinents and, of late, has transcended to affect the Americas. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the major vectors for CHIKV infection, which results in dissemination of virus to various vital organs. Entry of virus into these tissues causes infiltration of innate immune cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and adaptive immune cells. Macrophages bearing the replicating virus, in turn, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17. Together, this pro-inflammatory milieu induces osteoclastogenesis, bone loss, and erosion. CHIKV is characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, rash, and symmetric polyarthritis, which is generally self-limiting. In a subset of cases, however, musculoskeletal symptoms may persist for up to 3-5 years. Viral culture and isolation from blood cells of infected patients are the gold standards for diagnosis of CHIKV. In routine practice, however, assays for anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies are used for diagnosis, as elevated levels in blood of infected patients are noted from 10 days following infection for up to 3-6 months. Early diagnosis of CHIKV is possible by nucleic acid detection techniques. Treatment of acute CHIKV is mainly symptomatic, with analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), and low-dose steroids. No vaccines or anti-viral medicines have been approved for clinical therapy in CHIKV as yet. Hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate have been used in chronic CHIKV infection with variable success.
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307
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Esposito DLA, Fonseca BALD. Will Mayaro virus be responsible for the next outbreak of an arthropod-borne virus in Brazil? Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:540-544. [PMID: 28688628 PMCID: PMC9425496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus is an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family and is transmitted mainly by Hemagogus mosquitoes. This virus circulates in high-density tropical forests or rural areas of Central and South America causing a disease characterized by high-grade fever, maculopapular skin rash and marked arthralgia that, in some patients, can persist for long periods after infection and may be misinterpreted as chikungunya. Although only a few outbreaks involving this virus have been reported, in the last years the number of Mayaro virus infections has increased in the central and northern regions of Brazil. In this review, we describe the reported prevalence of this infection over the years and discuss the circumstances that can contribute to the establishment of an urban mayaro virus epidemic in Brazil and the problems encountered with the specific diagnosis, especially the antigenic cross-reactivity of this pathogen with other viruses of the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Lucas Alves Esposito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departmento de Clínica Médica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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308
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Gigante A, Gómez-SanJuan A, Delang L, Li C, Bueno O, Gamo AM, Priego EM, Camarasa MJ, Jochmans D, Leyssen P, Decroly E, Coutard B, Querat G, Neyts J, Pérez-Pérez MJ. Antiviral activity of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones against chikungunya virus targeting the viral capping nsP1. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:216-22. [PMID: 28619679 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. Since 2005, CHIKV has been spreading worldwide resulting in epidemics in Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, Asia and more recently in the Americas. CHIKV is thus considered as a global health concern. There is no specific vaccine or drug available for the treatment of this incapacitating viral infection. We previously identified 3-aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones as selective inhibitors of CHIKV replication and proposed the viral capping enzyme nsP1 as a target. This work describes the synthesis of novel series of related compounds carrying at the aryl moiety a methylketone and related oximes combined with an ethyl or an ethyl-mimic at 5-position of the triazolopyrimidinone. These compounds have shown antiviral activity against different CHIKV isolates in the very low μM range based on both virus yield reduction and virus-induced cell-killing inhibition assays. Moreover, these antivirals inhibit the in vitro guanylylation of alphavirus nsP1, as determined by Western blot using an anti-cap antibody. Thus, the data obtained seem to indicate that the anti-CHIKV activity might be related to the inhibition of this crucial step in the viral RNA capping machinery.
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309
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Huits R, Okabayashi T, Cnops L, Barbé B, Van Den Berg R, Bartholomeeusen K, Ariën KK, Jacobs J, Bottieau E, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Van Esbroeck M. Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid E1-antigen test for chikungunya virus infection in a reference setting. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:78-81. [PMID: 28606643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid diagnostic tests targeting virus-specific antigen could significantly enhance the diagnostic capacity for chikungunya virus infections. We evaluated the accuracy of an immunochromatographic antigen test for diagnosis of chikungunya in a reference laboratory for arboviruses. METHODS An immunochromatographic rapid test that uses mouse monoclonal antibodies as a tracer against the E1-envelope protein of chikungunya (ARKRAY, Inc. Kyoto, Japan) was evaluated. Sensitivity was tested in sera from travellers with RT-PCR confirmed chikungunya virus infection (Eastern/Central/Southern African (ECSA) genotype) (n=9) and from patients diagnosed during the 2014-2015 chikungunya outbreak on Aruba (Asian genotype, n=30). Samples from patients with other febrile and non-febrile illnesses (n=26), sera spiked with Flavivirus and Alphavirus reference strains (n=13, including non-spiked serum), and samples containing other selected pathogens (n=20) were used to test specificity of the E1-antigen test. RESULTS Sensitivity of the E1-antigen test was 8/9 (88.9%, 95% CI 56.5-98.0) for the ECSA genotype, but only 10/30 (33.3%, 95% CI 19.2-51.2) for the Asian genotype. Overall diagnostic specificity was 49/59 (83.1%, 95% CI 71.5-90.5). CONCLUSIONS The E1-antigen test we evaluated had fair diagnostic sensitivity for ECSA genotype chikungunya, but low sensitivity for Asian genotype, and poor overall specificity. Antibodies that react across genotypes will be required for further development of a rapid test for chikungunya. Performance of new tests should be evaluated against different chikungunya genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Huits
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - T Okabayashi
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - L Cnops
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - B Barbé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - R Van Den Berg
- Horacio Oduber Hospital/Landslaboratorium Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - K Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - K K Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Bottieau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - E E Nakayama
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Shioda
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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310
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Johnson BW, Russell BJ, Goodman CH. Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Virus Infections and Commercial Sources for Diagnostic Assays. J Infect Dis 2017; 214:S471-S474. [PMID: 27920176 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or viral RNA is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose infection in serum collected <6 days after onset of illness. Two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kits are available commercially, but validity data are limited. There are 2 commercial sources of inactivated positive-control CHIKV RNA to be used with purchased primers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides viral RNA-positive controls and primer and probe nucleotide sequences for real-time RT-PCR testing. Detection of CHIKV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody becomes a sensitive test for samples collected approximately >5 days of illness. Commercially available CHIKV IgM-detection assays include lateral flow rapid tests, IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (MAC-ELISAs), and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Nine commercial CHIKV IgM detection assays were evaluated at 3 reference laboratories to provide guidance to public health diagnostic laboratories on their performance parameters. Sensitivity of the rapid tests and 3 MAC-ELISAs was <50%, and thus these assays are not recommended. Three of the MAC-ELISA kits and 1 indirect immunofluorescence kit had comparable performance to the reference assays. In summary, commercial assays with performance comparable to reference assays are available for molecular and serological diagnosis of CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W Johnson
- Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brandy J Russell
- Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christin H Goodman
- Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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311
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Gayen M, Gupta P, Morazzani EM, Gaidamakova EK, Knollmann-Ritschel B, Daly MJ, Glass PJ, Maheshwari RK. Deinococcus Mn 2+-peptide complex: A novel approach to alphavirus vaccine development. Vaccine 2017; 35:3672-3681. [PMID: 28576570 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an Old World alphavirus has caused numerous outbreaks in Asian and European countries and the Americas, making it an emerging pathogen of great global health importance. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), a New World alphavirus, on the other hand, has been developed as a bioweapon in the past due to its ease of preparation, aerosol dispersion and high lethality in aerosolized form. Currently, there are no FDA approved vaccines against these viruses. In this study, we used a novel approach to develop inactivated vaccines for VEEV and CHIKV by applying gamma-radiation together with a synthetic Mn-decapeptide-phosphate complex (MnDpPi), based on manganous-peptide-orthophosphate antioxidants accumulated in the extremely radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. Classical gamma-irradiated vaccine development approaches are limited by immunogenicity-loss due to oxidative damage to the surface proteins at the high doses of radiation required for complete virus-inactivation. However, addition of MnDpPi during irradiation process selectively protects proteins, but not the nucleic acids, from the radiation-induced oxidative damage, as required for safe and efficacious vaccine development. Previously, this approach was used to develop a bacterial vaccine. In the present study, we show that this approach can successfully be applied to protecting mice against viral infections. Irradiation of VEEV and CHIKV in the presence of MnDpPi resulted in substantial epitope preservation even at supra-lethal doses of gamma-rays (50,000Gy). Irradiated viruses were found to be completely inactivated and safe in vivo (neonatal mice). Upon immunization, VEEV inactivated in the presence of MnDpPi resulted in drastically improved protective efficacy. Thus, the MnDpPi-based gamma-inactivation approach described here can readily be applied to developing vaccines against any pathogen of interest in a fast and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoshi Gayen
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Paridhi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| | - Elaine M Morazzani
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elena K Gaidamakova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Michael J Daly
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Radha K Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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312
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Paulo CO, Zé-Zé L, Jordão S, Pena ER, Neves I, Alves MJ. Dengue virus serotype 3 and Chikungunya virus co-infection in a traveller returning from India to Portugal, November 2016. IDCases 2017; 9:30-3. [PMID: 28560177 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a laboratory-confirmed Dengue and Chikungunya viruses co-infection imported from India to Portugal in early November 2016. The patient developed fever, retro-orbital pain and generalized myalgia after returning from Delhi, Jaipur, Agra, Rishikesh, Goa and Mumbai. This case highlights the importance of these arboviruses to public health in India where high rates of co-infection have been reported in the last few years, and demonstrates how challenging the laboratory diagnosis of imported co-infection cases can be in non-endemic areas.
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313
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Dong S, Behura SK, Franz AWE. The midgut transcriptome of Aedes aegypti fed with saline or protein meals containing chikungunya virus reveals genes potentially involved in viral midgut escape. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:382. [PMID: 28506207 PMCID: PMC5433025 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for medically important arthropod-borne viruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Following oral acquisition, an arbovirus has to persistently infect several organs in the mosquito before becoming transmissible to another vertebrate host. A major obstacle an arbovirus has to overcome during its infection cycle inside the mosquito is the midgut escape barrier, representing the exit mechanism arboviruses utilize when disseminating from the midgut. To understand the transcriptomic basis of midgut escape and to reveal genes involved in the process, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of midgut samples from mosquitoes which had received a saline meal (SM) or a protein meal (PM) (not) containing CHIKV. RESULTS CHIKV which was orally acquired by a mosquito along with a SM or PM productively infected the midgut epithelium and disseminated to secondary tissues. A total of 27 RNA-Seq libraries from midguts of mosquitoes that had received PM or SM (not) containing CHIKV at 1 and 2 days post-feeding were generated and sequenced. Fewer than 80 genes responded differentially to the presence of CHIKV in midguts of mosquitoes that had acquired the virus along with SM or PM. SM feeding induced differential expression (DE) of 479 genes at day 1 and 314 genes at day 2 when compared to midguts of sugarfed mosquitoes. By comparison, PM feeding induced 6029 DE genes at day 1 and 7368 genes at day 2. Twenty-three DE genes encoding trypsins, metalloproteinases, and serine-type endopeptidases were significantly upregulated in midguts of mosquitoes at day 1 following SM or PM ingestion. Two of these genes were Ae. aegypti late trypsin (AeLT) and serine collagenase 1 precursor (AeSP1). In vitro, recombinant AeLT showed strong matrix metalloproteinase activity whereas recombinant AeSP1 did not. CONCLUSIONS By substituting a bloodmeal for SM, we identified midgut-expressed genes not involved in blood or protein digestion. These included genes coding for trypsins, metalloproteinases, and serine-type endopeptidases, which could be involved in facilitating midgut escape for arboviruses in Ae. aegypti. The presence of CHIKV in any of the ingested meals had relatively minor effects on the overall gene expression profiles in midguts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhang Dong
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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314
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Langsjoen RM, Auguste AJ, Rossi SL, Roundy CM, Penate HN, Kastis M, Schnizlein MK, Le KC, Haller SL, Chen R, Watowich SJ, Weaver SC. Host oxidative folding pathways offer novel anti- chikungunya virus drug targets with broad spectrum potential. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:246-251. [PMID: 28461071 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses require conserved cysteine residues for proper folding and assembly of the E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins, and likely depend on host protein disulfide isomerase-family enzymes (PDI) to aid in facilitating disulfide bond formation and isomerization in these proteins. Here, we show that in human HEK293 cells, commercially available inhibitors of PDI or modulators thereof (thioredoxin reductase, TRX-R; endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1, ERO-1) inhibit the replication of CHIKV chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Further, the TRX-R inhibitor auranofin inhibited Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and the flavivirus Zika virus replication in vitro, while PDI inhibitor 16F16 reduced replication but demonstrated notable toxicity. 16F16 significantly altered the viral genome: plaque-forming unit (PFU) ratio of CHIKV in vitro without affecting relative intracellular viral RNA quantities and inhibited CHIKV E1-induced cell-cell fusion, suggesting that PDI inhibitors alter progeny virion infectivity through altered envelope function. Auranofin also increased the extracellular genome:PFU ratio but decreased the amount of intracellular CHIKV RNA, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action. Finally, auranofin reduced footpad swelling and viremia in the C57BL/6 murine model of CHIKV infection. Our results suggest that targeting oxidative folding pathways represents a potential new anti-alphavirus therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Langsjoen
- Institute for Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Roundy
- Institute for Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Heidy N Penate
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Kastis
- Center in Environmental Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin C Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sherry L Haller
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rubing Chen
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center in Environmental Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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315
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Jeong YE, Cha GW, Cho JE, Lee EJ, Jee Y, Lee WJ. Viral and serological kinetics in Zika virus-infected patients in South Korea. Virol J 2017; 14:70. [PMID: 28388922 PMCID: PMC5383943 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes clinical symptoms similar to those observed in dengue and chikungunya virus infections. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated laboratory testing using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in January 2016. More than 1,000 suspected cases of infection were tested and nine were confirmed as imported cases of Zika virus infection from January to July 2016. The travel destinations of the infected individuals were Brazil, Philippines, Viet Nam, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial envelope gene indicated that the viruses belonged to the Asian genotype circulating in South America. We further investigated the duration for which the viral RNA and virus-specific antibodies were detectable after the symptom onset. After the day of symptom onset, Zika virus was detectable until 6 days in serum, 14 days in urine and saliva, and 58 days in semen. Immunoglobulin M against Zika virus was detected as early as 2 days after the symptom onset and was maintained at these levels until 41 days, whereas Immunoglobulin G was detectable from 8 days after the symptom onset and was maintained until 52 days. These findings would help diagnostic laboratories improve their testing programs for Zika virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eui Jeong
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-yeup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk-do, 28159, South Korea
| | - Go-Woon Cha
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-yeup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk-do, 28159, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Cho
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-yeup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk-do, 28159, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-yeup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk-do, 28159, South Korea
| | - Youngmee Jee
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-yeup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
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316
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Vu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, G312, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Donald Jungkind
- St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, G312, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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317
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Ngoagouni C, Kamgang B, Kazanji M, Paupy C, Nakouné E. Potential of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations in the Central African Republic to transmit enzootic chikungunya virus strains. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:164. [PMID: 28347325 PMCID: PMC5368999 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major chikungunya outbreaks have affected several Central African countries during the past decade. The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was isolated from humans and sylvan mosquitoes in the Central African Republic (CAR) during the 1970 and 1980s but has not been found recently, despite the presence of Aedes albopictus since 2010. The risk of a massive chikungunya epidemic is therefore potentially high, as the human populations are immunologically naïve and because of the presence of the mosquito vector. In order to estimate the risk of a large outbreak, we assessed the vector competence of local Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus populations for ancient local strains of CHIKV in CAR. Mosquitoes were orally infected with the virus, and its presence in mosquito saliva was analysed 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results The two species had similar infection rates at 7 and 14 days, and the dissemination rate of both vectors was ≥ 80% at 14 dpi. Only females followed up to 14 dpi had CHKV in their saliva. Conclusion These results confirm the risk of transmission of enzootic CHIKV by anthropophilic vectors such as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Ngoagouni
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic.
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale, PO Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mirdad Kazanji
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, BP 6010, 23 Ave Pasteur, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Nakouné
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
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318
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Ehteshami M, Tao S, Zandi K, Hsiao HM, Jiang Y, Hammond E, Amblard F, Russell OO, Merits A, Schinazi RF. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02395-16. [PMID: 28137799 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02395-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a reemerging global threat to human health. Recent outbreaks across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean have prompted renewed scientific interest in this mosquito-borne alphavirus. There are currently no vaccines against CHIKV, and treatment has been limited to nonspecific antiviral agents, with suboptimal outcomes. Herein, we have identified β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a novel inhibitor of CHIKV. NHC behaves as a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and selectively inhibits CHIKV replication in cell culture.
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319
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Nguyen PTV, Yu H, Keller PA. Molecular Docking Studies to Explore Potential Binding Pockets and Inhibitors for Chikungunya Virus Envelope Glycoproteins. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 10:515-24. [PMID: 28283929 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) envelope glycoproteins are considered important potential targets for anti-CHIKV drug discovery due to their crucial roles in virus attachment and virus entry. In this study, using two available crystal structures of the immature and mature forms of envelope glycoproteins, virtual screenings based on blind dockings and focused dockings were carried out to identify potential binding pockets and hit compounds for the virus. The chemical library database of compounds, NCI Diversity Set II, was used in these docking studies. In addition to reproducing previously reported examples, new binding pockets were identified, e.g., Pocket 2 in the 3N40, and Pocket 2 and Pocket 3 in the 3N42. Convergences in conformational sampling in docking using AutoDock Vina were evaluated. An analysis of docking results was carried out to understand interactions of the envelope glycoproteins complexes. Some key residues for interactions, for example Gly91 and His230, are identified as possessing important roles in the fusion process.
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320
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González R, Camprubí E, Fernández L, Millet JP, Peracho V, Gorrindo P, Avellanés I, Romero A, Caylà JA. [Confirmed Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Cases during the Period 2014 to 2016 in Barcelona, Spain]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2017; 91:e201701027. [PMID: 28265108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arbovirus infections are a group of diseases whose incidence is increasing and that entail an important problem for public health. The aim of this study was to describe detected cases of arbovirosis in Barcelona, and surveillance and control actions performed in order to reduce the risk of transmission. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study of confirmed dengue, chikungunya and Zika cases in Barcelona during 2014-2016 (1st trimester). Suspected cases detected in the city were notified to the Epidemiology Department of the Barcelona Public Health Agency, where an epidemiological survey is undertaken and, if appropriate, Urban Pests Surveillance and Control Department is contacted. They perform an entomological inspection and implement control and monitoring actions. We collected sociodemographical, epidemiological, clinical and entomological variables. RESULTS In 2014, 50 chikungunya and 20 dengue cases were detected; 25 entomological inspections were carried out in residences and 38 in the street. In 2015, 47 chikungunya, 51 dengue and 2 Zika cases were detected; 27 inspections were carried out in residences and 80 in the street. In 2016, 17 chikungunya, 52 dengue and 48 Zika cases were detected; 50 inspections were carried out in residences and 103 in the street. No autochtonous case was detected. CONCLUSIONS We observed an increasing incidence of arbovirosis cases during the 3-year study period. There was a progressive intensification of vector surveillance and control actions (inspections, sample collection…).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser González
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Esteve Camprubí
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Lidia Fernández
- Servicio de Vigilancia y Control de Plagas Urbanas. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Joan Pau Millet
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. CIBERESP. España
| | - Víctor Peracho
- Servicio de Vigilancia y Control de Plagas Urbanas. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Pilar Gorrindo
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Ingrid Avellanés
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Arancha Romero
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
| | - Joan A Caylà
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. CIBERESP. España
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321
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Vallejos-Parás A, Cabrera-Gaytán DA. [The fourth horseman: The yellow fever]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2017; 55:230-232. [PMID: 28296373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus three, Chikunguya and Zika have entered the national territory through the south of the country. Cases and outbreaks of yellow fever have now been identified in the Americas where it threatens to expand. Although Mexico has a robust epidemiological surveillance system for vector-borne diseases, our country must be alert in case of its possible introduction into the national territory. This paper presents theoretical assumptions based on factual data on the behavior of yellow fever in the Americas, as well as reflections on the epidemiological surveillance of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Vallejos-Parás
- Coordinación de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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322
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Mogami R, Vaz JLP, Chagas YDFB, Torezani RS, Vieira ADA, Koifman ACB, Barbosa YB, de Abreu MM. Ultrasound of ankles in the diagnosis of complications of chikungunya fever. Radiol Bras 2017; 50:71-75. [PMID: 28428648 PMCID: PMC5396995 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the main ultrasound findings of chikungunya fever in the
ankle. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 52 patients referred
to the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto and presenting with
clinical and biochemical evidence of chikungunya fever. The examinations
were performed by a radiologist with more than 20 years of experience in
ultrasound. Results The predominant gender was female (in 88.5%), and the mean age was 58.4
years. The majority (61.5%) of the patients came from the northern part of
the city of Rio de Janeiro, and 46.2% were using corticosteroids to treat
inflammatory symptoms. The most common alterations observed by ultrasound
were joint effusion (in 69.2%), tenosynovitis (in 59.6%), cellulitis (in
46.2%), Kager's fat pad thickening (in 29.9%), myositis (of the soleus or
flexor hallucis longus muscle) (in 17.3%), retrocalcaneal bursitis (in
5.8%), tendon ruptures (in 3.8%), and increased vascular flow on power
Doppler (in 3.8%). Conclusion Signs of synovitis and tenosynovitis were the main ultrasound findings in a
predominantly female population with a mean age of 58.4 years. Further
studies are needed in order to define the role of ultrasound in the
follow-up of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mogami
- PhD, Adjunct Professor of Radiology at the School of Medical Sciences of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Pereira Vaz
- PhD, Adjunct Professor of Rheumatology at the Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yêdda de Fátima Barcelos Chagas
- MD, Resident in Rheumatology at the Hospital Universitário Gafrée e Guinle (HUGG) da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sperling Torezani
- MD, Resident in Radiology at the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André de Almeida Vieira
- MD, Resident in Radiology at the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Célia Baptista Koifman
- PhD, Adjunct Professor of Radiology at the School of Medical Sciences of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Baptista Barbosa
- Undergraduate Medical Student at the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirhelen Mendes de Abreu
- PhD, Adjunct Professor of Rheumatology at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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323
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Agarwal A, Vibha D, Srivastava AK, Shukla G, Prasad K. Guillain-Barre syndrome complicating chikungunya virus infection. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:504-507. [PMID: 28194661 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which presents with symptoms of fever, rash, arthralgia, and occasional neurologic disease. While outbreaks have been earlier reported from India and other parts of the world, the recent outbreak in India witnessed more than 1000 cases. Various systemic and rarely neurological complications have been reported with CHIKV. We report two cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with CHIKV. GBS is a rare neurological complication which may occur after subsidence of fever and constitutional symptoms by several neurotropic viruses. We describe two cases of severe GBS which presented with rapidly progressive flaccid quadriparesis progressing to difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Both required mechanical ventilation and improved partly with plasmapharesis. The cases emphasize on (1) description of the rare complication in a setting of outbreak with CHIKV, (2) acute axonal as well as demyelinating neuropathy may occur with CHIKV, (3) accurate identification of this entity during outbreaks with dengue, both of which are vector borne and may present with similar complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Agarwal
- Neurosciences Center, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room number 707, 7th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Neurosciences Center, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room number 707, 7th floor, New Delhi, India.
| | - Achal Kumar Srivastava
- Neurosciences Center, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room number 707, 7th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Shukla
- Neurosciences Center, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room number 707, 7th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Neurosciences Center, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room number 707, 7th floor, New Delhi, India
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Faruque LI, Zaman RU, Gurley ES, Massung RF, Alamgir ASM, Galloway RL, Powers AM, Bai Y, Kosoy M, Nicholson WL, Rahman M, Luby SP. Prevalence and clinical presentation of Rickettsia, Coxiella, Leptospira, Bartonella and chikungunya virus infections among hospital-based febrile patients from December 2008 to November 2009 in Bangladesh. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:141. [PMID: 28193163 PMCID: PMC5307764 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a study to identify Rickettsia, Coxiella, Leptospira, Bartonella, and Chikungunya virus infections among febrile patients presenting at hospitals in Bangladesh. METHODS We collected blood samples from patients at six tertiary hospitals from December 2008 to November 2009 and performed laboratory tests at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). RESULTS Out of 720 enrolled patients, 263 (37%) were infected with Rickettsia; 132 patients had immunofluorescence antibody titer >64 against spotted fever, 63 patients against scrub typhus fever and 10 patients against typhus fever. Ten patients were identified with Coxiella. We isolated Leptospira from two patients and Bartonella from one patient. Ten patients had antibodies against Chikungunya virus. The proportion of patients who died was higher with rickettsial fever (5%) compared to those without a diagnosis of rickettsial infection (2%). None of the patients were initially diagnosed with rickettsial fever. CONCLUSIONS Rickettsial infections are frequent yet under-recognized cause of febrile illness in Bangladesh. Clinical guidelines should be revised so that local clinicians can diagnose rickettsial infections and provide appropriate drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labib Imran Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashid Uz Zaman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - A. S. M. Alamgir
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ann M. Powers
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ying Bai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Michael Kosoy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen P. Luby
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Abstract
Aedes-borne viruses are responsible for high-impact neglected tropical diseases and unpredictable outbreaks such as the ongoing Zika epidemics. Aedes mosquitoes spread different arboviruses such as Dengue virus (DENV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus, among others, and are responsible for the continuous emergence and reemergence of these pathogens. These viruses have complex transmission cycles that include two hosts, namely the Aedes mosquito as a vector and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Human infection with arboviruses causes diseases that range from subclinical or mild to febrile diseases, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. Infected mosquitoes do not show detectable signs of disease, even though the virus maintains a lifelong persistent infection. The infection of the Aedes mosquito by viruses involves a molecular crosstalk between cell and viral proteins. An understanding of how mosquito vectors and viruses interact is of fundamental interest, and it also offers novel perspectives for disease control. In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based strategies in combination with bioinformatics have been successfully applied to identify and quantify global changes in cellular proteins, lipids, peptides, and metabolites in response to viral infection. Although the information about proteomics in the Aedes mosquito is limited, the information that has been reported can set up the basis for future studies. This review reflects how MS-based approaches have extended our understanding of Aedes mosquito biology and the development of DENV and CHIKV infection in the vector. Finally, this review discusses future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pando-Robles
- 1 Laboratorio de Proteómica, Departamento de Infección e Inmunidad, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Cesar V Batista
- 2 Laboratorio Universitario de Proteómica, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, México
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326
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Deeba F, Malik MZ, Naqvi IH, Haider MSH, Shafat Z, Sinha P, Ishrat R, Ahmed A, Parveen S. Potential entry inhibitors of the envelope protein (E2) of Chikungunya virus: in silico structural modeling, docking and molecular dynamic studies. Virusdisease 2017; 28:39-49. [PMID: 28466054 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is an arboviral infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. The envelope protein (E2) of Chikungunya virus is involved in attachment of virion with the host cell. The present study was conceptualized to determine the structure of E2 protein of CHIKV and to identify the potential viral entry inhibitors. The secondary and tertiary structure of E2 protein was determined using bioinformatics tools. The mutational analysis of the E2 protein suggested that mutations may stabilize or de-stabilize the structure which may affect the structure-function relationship. In silico screening of various compounds from different databases identified two lead molecules i.e. phenothiazine and bafilomycin. Molecular docking and MD simulation studies of the E2 protein and compound complexes was carried out. This analysis revealed that bafilomycin has high docking score and thus high binding affinity with E2 protein suggesting stable protein-ligand interaction. Further, MD simulations suggested that both the compounds were stabilizing E2 protein. Thus, bafilomycin and phenothiazine may be considered as the lead compounds in terms of potential entry inhibitor for CHIKV. Further, these results should be confirmed by comprehensive cell culture, cytotoxic assays and animal experiments. Certain derivatives of phenothiazines can also be explored in future studies for entry inhibitors against CHIKV. The present investigation thus provides insight into protein structural dynamics of the envelope protein of CHIKV. In addition the study also provides information on the dynamics of interaction of E2 protein with entry inhibitors that will contribute towards structure based drug design.
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327
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Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes and ticks. There are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. Recently, dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease, however no specific treatment or vaccine is available for them. In addition, ocular manifestations of these diseases have become more prevalent over the past few years. This review highlights the current understanding on the pathogenesis, systemic changes and ocular findings, emphasizing the retinal manifestations related to dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Costa de Andrade
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medical School, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1st Floor, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Camila V Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medical School, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1st Floor, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Paulo Augusto de Arruda Mello Filho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medical School, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1st Floor, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Maurício Maia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medical School, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1st Floor, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Silvana Vianello
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medical School, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1st Floor, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medical School, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1st Floor, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
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328
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Riou J, Poletto C, Boëlle PY. A comparative analysis of Chikungunya and Zika transmission. Epidemics 2017; 19:43-52. [PMID: 28139388 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent global dissemination of Chikungunya and Zika has fostered public health concern worldwide. To better understand the drivers of transmission of these two arboviral diseases, we propose a joint analysis of Chikungunya and Zika epidemics in the same territories, taking into account the common epidemiological features of the epidemics: transmitted by the same vector, in the same environments, and observed by the same surveillance systems. We analyse eighteen outbreaks in French Polynesia and the French West Indies using a hierarchical time-dependent SIR model accounting for the effect of virus, location and weather on transmission, and based on a disease specific serial interval. We show that Chikungunya and Zika have similar transmission potential in the same territories (transmissibility ratio between Zika and Chikungunya of 1.04 [95% credible interval: 0.97; 1.13]), but that detection and reporting rates were different (around 19% for Zika and 40% for Chikungunya). Temperature variations between 22°C and 29°C did not alter transmission, but increased precipitation showed a dual effect, first reducing transmission after a two-week delay, then increasing it around five weeks later. The present study provides valuable information for risk assessment and introduces a modelling framework for the comparative analysis of arboviral infections that can be extended to other viruses and territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Riou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Chiara Poletto
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Boëlle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), 75012 Paris, France
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329
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Nayak TK, Mamidi P, Kumar A, Singh LPK, Sahoo SS, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Regulation of Viral Replication, Apoptosis and Pro-Inflammatory Responses by 17-AAG during Chikungunya Virus Infection in Macrophages. Viruses 2017; 9:v9010003. [PMID: 28067803 PMCID: PMC5294972 DOI: 10.3390/v9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has re-emerged as a major public health concern due to its recent worldwide epidemics and lack of control measures. Although CHIKV is known to infect macrophages, regulation of CHIKV replication, apoptosis and immune responses towards macrophages are not well understood. Accordingly, the Raw264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were infected with CHIKV and viral replication as well as new viral progeny release was assessed by flow cytometry and plaque assay, respectively. Moreover, host immune modulation and apoptosis were studied through flow cytometry, Western blot and ELISA. Our current findings suggest that expression of CHIKV proteins were maximum at 8 hpi and the release of new viral progenies were remarkably increased around 12 hpi. The induction of Annexin V binding, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-8 in CHIKV infected macrophages suggests activation of apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF and IL-6) MHC-I/II and B7.2 (CD86) were also up-regulated during infection over time. Further, 17-AAG, a potential HSP90 inhibitor, was found to regulate CHIKV infection, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine productions of host macrophages significantly. Hence, the present findings might bring new insight into the therapeutic implication in CHIKV disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Laishram Pradeep K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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330
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Ramakrishnan C, Kutumbarao NHV, Suhitha S, Velmurugan D. Structure-function relationship of Chikungunya nsP2 protease: A comparative study with papain. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:772-782. [PMID: 28054451 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is a growing human pathogen transmitted by mosquito bite. It causes fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, headache, and swelling in the joints. Its replication and propagation depend on the protease activity of the Chikungunya virus-nsP2 protein, which cleaves the nsP1234 polyprotein replication complex into individual functional units. The N-terminal segment of papain is structurally identical with the Chikungunya virus-nsP2 protease. Hence, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to compare molecular mechanism of these proteases. The Chikungunya virus-snP2 protease shows more conformational changes and adopts an alternate conformation. However, N-terminal segment of these two proteases has identical active site scaffold with the conserved catalytic diad. Hence, some of the non-peptide inhibitors of papain were used for induced fit docking at the active site of the nsP2 to assess the binding mode. In addition, the peptides that connect different domains/protein in Chikungunya virus poly-protein were also subjected for docking. The overall results suggest that the active site scaffold is the same in both the proteases and a possibility exists to experimentally assess the efficacy of some of the papain inhibitors to inhibit the Chikungunya virus-nsP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sivasubramanian Suhitha
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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331
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K S, Purushothaman I, S R. Spectral characterisation, antiviral activities, in silico ADMET and molecular docking of the compounds isolated from Tectona grandis to chikungunya virus. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:302-10. [PMID: 28063412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya infection is treated symptomatically with antipyretics and anti-inflammatory drugs without any specific antiviral drug till date. The lack of an approved antiviral drug and the emergence of virulent strains after 2006 epidemics emphasize the need for the development of potential antiviral drugs to Chikungunya virus. Hence, we studied the antiviral activity of the extracts and compounds isolated from Tectona grandis leaves to both the Asian and East central South African strains of Chikungunya virus. Five compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Tectona grandis by bioactivity guided fractionation followed by Spectral Characterisation through GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy and investigated for the antiviral activity. Also in silico ADMET and Molecular Docking of the characterised compounds against the structural and non structural proteins of Chikungunya virus were performed. The characterised compound Benzene-1-carboxylic acid hexadeconate was effective at IC 50 3.036μg/ml (7.5μM) and 76.46μg/ml (189.02μM) to Asian and ECSA strain of CHIKV respectively. The compound showed desirable pharmacokinetic properties and significant molecular interactions with the E1 protein of Chikungunya virus by in silico analysis. Thus Benzene-1-carboxylic acid-2-hexadeconate isolated from Tectona grandis was found to be a promising drug candidate to both the Asian and ECSA strains of Chikungunya virus with high selectivity indices in comparison to the reference RNA antiviral drug Ribavirin.
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332
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Sy AK, Saito-Obata M, Medado IA, Tohma K, Dapat C, Segubre-Mercado E, Tandoc A, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:887-90. [PMID: 27088593 PMCID: PMC4861512 DOI: 10.3201/eid2205.151268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2011–2013, a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in the Philippines. The Asian genotype was identified as the predominant genotype; sporadic cases of the East/Central/South African genotype were detected in Mindanao. Further monitoring is needed to define the transmission pattern of this virus in the Philippines.
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333
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Abdelnabi R, Amrun SN, Ng LFP, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Delang L. Protein kinases C as potential host targets for the inhibition of chikungunya virus replication. Antiviral Res 2016; 139:79-87. [PMID: 28039020 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that prostratin, a non-tumor promoting phorbol ester, inhibits chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced cytopathic effects in vitro. Prostratin is a potent activator of protein kinases C (PKC), a family of related serine/threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of the anti-CHIKV activity of prostratin. Prostratin reduced the production of infectious virus particles and viral protein accumulation in a dose-dependent manner at a post-entry step during virus replication. The antiviral effect of the compound was cell-dependent, with potent antiviral activity observed in human skin fibroblasts cells, the primary target cells of CHIKV infection. The antiviral activity of prostratin was markedly reduced in the presence of PKC inhibitors, therefore confirming that the antiviral effect results from an activation of PKCs. Together these results showed that PKCs are potential host targets for the inhibition of CHIKV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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334
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Goupil BA, Mores CN. A Review of Chikungunya Virus-induced Arthralgia: Clinical Manifestations, Therapeutics, and Pathogenesis. Open Rheumatol J 2016; 10:129-140. [PMID: 28077980 PMCID: PMC5204064 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901610010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that circulates predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions, potentially affecting over 1 billion people. Recently, an outbreak began in the western hemisphere and has resulted in over 1.8 million reported suspected cases. Infection often results in severe fever, rash and debilitating polyarthralgia lasting weeks to months. Additionally, the current literature reports that CHIKV can result in a severe chronic arthralgia and/or arthritis that can last months to years following the initial infection. Objective: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding CHIKV-associated disease, including clinical presentation, diagnosis, risk factors for development of severe disease, treatment, and pathogenesis in human patients. Additionally, recommendations are presented regarding avenues for clinical research to help further elucidate the pathogenesis of joint disease associated with CHIKV infection. Conclusion: While there is an association between initial CHIKV infection and acute disease, a causal relationship with development of chronic arthralgia has not been established at this time. Potential causes of chronic CHIKV-induced arthritis have been postulated, including viral persistence, induction of autoimmune disease, and exacerbation of pre-existing joint disease. While there are numerous reports of chronic CHIKV-associated arthralgia and/or arthritis, there is currently no evidence of a definitive link between initial infection and development of chronic disease. Additional, prospective clinical research on CHIKV-associated disease is necessary to further determine the potential role of virus and development of chronic joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Goupil
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christopher N Mores
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America; Virology and Emerging Infections, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima Pampa, Peru
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335
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Zammarchi L, Fortuna C, Venturi G, Rinaldi F, Capobianco T, Remoli ME, Rossolini GM, Rezza G, Bartoloni A. Recent Chikungunya Virus Infection in 2 Travelers Returning from Mogadishu, Somalia, to Italy, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:2025-2027. [PMID: 27513985 PMCID: PMC5088032 DOI: 10.3201/eid2211.161225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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336
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Bandeira AC, Campos GS, Rocha VF, Souza BS, Soares MB, Oliveira AA, Abreu YC, Menezes GS, Sardi SI. Prolonged shedding of Chikungunya virus in semen and urine: A new perspective for diagnosis and implications for transmission. IDCases 2016; 6:100-3. [PMID: 27882301 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the presence of Chikungunya (CHIKV) RNA in the blood, urine and semen during the acute phase of the disease in an adult with a dual infection with Dengue virus type 3. The patient, a 25 yr-old man from Salvador, Brazil, reported a 6-day duration of high fever, arthralgia, myalgia, headache and photophobia.Blood and semen specimens were positive for CHIKV in the first collected samples; semen and urine specimens were positive for CHIKV after 30 days of symptoms onset. DENV-3 RNA was positive in blood specimen when first collected 6 days after the initiation of symptoms.We describe for the first time the presence of CHIKV RNA in urine and semen for an extended period of time and we address the possible implications of these findings for diagnosis and transmission dynamics.
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337
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Saisawang C, Kuadkitkan A, Smith DR, Ubol S, Ketterman AJ. Glutathionylation of chikungunya nsP2 protein affects protease activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:106-111. [PMID: 27984114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya fever is an emerging disease caused by the chikungunya virus and is now being spread worldwide by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. The infection can cause a persistent severe joint pain and recent reports link high levels of viremia to neuropathologies and fatalities. The viral protein nsP2 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays several critical roles in virus replication. Virus infection induces oxidative stress in host cells which the virus utilizes to aid viral propagation. Cellular oxidative stress also triggers glutathionylation which is a post-translational protein modification that can modulate physiological roles of affected proteins. METHODS The nsP2 protease is necessary for processing of the virus nonstructural polyprotein generated during replication. We use the recombinant nsP2 protein to measure protease activity before and after glutathionylation. Mass spectrometry allowed the identification of the glutathione-modified cysteines. Using immunoblots, we show that the glutathionylation of nsP2 occurs in virus-infected cells. RESULTS We show that in virus-infected cells, the chikungunya nsP2 can be glutathionylated and we show this modification can impact on the protease activity. We also identify 6 cysteine residues that are glutathionylated of the 20 cysteines in the protein. CONCLUSIONS The virus-induced oxidative stress causes modification of viral proteins which appears to modulate virus protein function. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Viruses generate oxidative stress to regulate and hijack host cell systems and this environment also appears to modulate virus protein function. This may be a general target for intervention in viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonticha Saisawang
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Thailand
| | - Atichat Kuadkitkan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Albert J Ketterman
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Thailand.
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338
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Oo A, Hassandarvish P, Chin SP, Lee VS, Abu Bakar S, Zandi K. In silico study on anti- Chikungunya virus activity of hesperetin. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2602. [PMID: 27812412 PMCID: PMC5088613 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The re-emerging, Aedes spp. transmitted Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has recently caused large outbreaks in a wide geographical distribution of the world including countries in Europe and America. Though fatalities associated with this self-remitting disease were rarely reported, quality of patients’ lives have been severely diminished by polyarthralgia recurrence. Neither effective antiviral treatment nor vaccines are available for CHIKV. Our previous in vitro screening showed that hesperetin, a bioflavonoid exhibits inhibitory effect on the virus intracellular replication. Here, we present a study using the computational approach to identify possible target proteins for future mechanistic studies of hesperetin. Methods 3D structures of CHIKV nsP2 (3TRK) and nsP3 (3GPG) were retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB), whereas nsP1, nsP4 and cellular factor SPK2 were modeled using Iterative Threading Assembly Refinement (I-TASSER) server based on respective amino acids sequence. We performed molecular docking on hesperetin against all four CHIKV non-structural proteins and SPK2. Proteins preparation and subsequent molecular docking were performed using Discovery Studio 2.5 and AutoDock Vina 1.5.6. The Lipinski’s values of the ligand were computed and compared with the available data from PubChem. Two non-structural proteins with crystal structures 3GPG and 3TRK in complexed with hesperetin, demonstrated favorable free energy of binding from the docking study, were further explored using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results We observed that hesperetin interacts with different types of proteins involving hydrogen bonds, pi-pi effects, pi-cation bonding and pi-sigma interactions with varying binding energies. Among all five tested proteins, our compound has the highest binding affinity with 3GPG at −8.5 kcal/mol. The ligand used in this study also matches the Lipinski’s rule of five in addition to exhibiting closely similar properties with that of in PubChem. The docking simulation was performed to obtain a first guess of the binding structure of hesperetin complex and subsequently analysed by MD simulations to assess the reliability of the docking results. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the simulated systems from MD simulations indicated that the hesperetin complex remains stable within the simulation timescale. Discussion The ligand’s tendencies of binding to the important proteins for CHIKV replication were consistent with our previous in vitro screening which showed its efficacy in blocking the virus intracellular replication. NsP3 serves as the highest potential target protein for the compound’s inhibitory effect, while it is interesting to highlight the possibility of interrupting CHIKV replication via interaction with host cellular factor. By complying the Lipinski’s rule of five, hesperetin exhibits drug-like properties which projects its potential as a therapeutic option for CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Oo
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Sek Peng Chin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | | | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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339
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Hugo LE, Prow NA, Tang B, Devine G, Suhrbier A. Chikungunya virus transmission between Aedes albopictus and laboratory mice. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:555. [PMID: 27760560 PMCID: PMC5069946 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus associated with epidemics of acute and chronic arthritic disease in humans. Aedes albopictus has emerged as an important new natural vector for CHIKV transmission; however, mouse models for studying transmission have not been developed. Methods Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were infected with CHIKV via membrane feeding and by using infected adult wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Paraffin sections of infected mosquitoes were analysed by immunofluorescent antibody staining using an anti-CHIKV antibody. CHIKV-infected mosquitoes were used to infect adult C57BL/6 and interferon response factor 3 and 7 deficient (IRF3/7-/-) mice. Results Feeding mosquitoes on blood meals with CHIKV titres > 5 log10CCID50/ml, either by membrane feeding or feeding on infected mice, resulted in ≥ 50 % of mosquitoes becoming infected. However, CHIKV titres in blood meals ≥ 7 log10CCID50/ml were required before salivary glands showed significant levels of immunofluorescent staining with an anti-CHIKV antibody. Mosquitoes fed on blood meals of 7.5 (but not 5.9) log10CCID50/ml were able efficiently to transmit virus to adult C57BL/6 and IRF3/7-/- mice, with the latter mice showing overt signs of arthritis post-infection. Conclusions The results provide a simple in vivo model for studying transmission of CHIKV from mosquitoes to mammals and also argue against a resistance barrier to CHIKV infection in adult mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1838-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Natalie A Prow
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Greg Devine
- Mosquito Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
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340
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Monninger MK, Nguessan CA, Blancett CD, Kuehl KA, Rossi CA, Olschner SP, Williams PL, Goodman SL, Sun MG. Preparation of viral samples within biocontainment for ultrastructural analysis: Utilization of an innovative processing capsule for negative staining. J Virol Methods 2016; 238:70-76. [PMID: 27751950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy can be used to observe the ultrastructure of viruses and other microbial pathogens with nanometer resolution. In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the image is created by passing an electron beam through a specimen with contrast generated by electron scattering from dense elements in the specimen. Viruses do not normally contain dense elements, so a negative stain that places dense heavy metal salts around the sample is added to create a dark border. To prepare a virus sample for a negative stain transmission electron microscopy, a virus suspension is applied to a TEM grid specimen support, which is a 3mm diameter fragile specimen screen coated with a few nanometers of plastic film. Then, deionized (dI) water rinses and a negative stain solution are applied to the grid. All infectious viruses must be handled in a biosafety cabinet (BSC) and many require a biocontainment laboratory environment. Staining viruses in biosafety levels (BSL) 3 and 4 is especially challenging because the support grids are small, fragile, and easily moved by air currents. In this study we evaluated a new device for negative staining viruses called mPrep/g capsule. It is a capsule that holds up to two TEM grids during all processing steps and for storage after staining is complete. This study reports that the mPrep/g capsule method is valid and effective to negative stain virus specimens, especially in high containment laboratory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell K Monninger
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Chrystal A Nguessan
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Candace D Blancett
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Kathleen A Kuehl
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Cynthia A Rossi
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Scott P Olschner
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Priscilla L Williams
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States
| | | | - Mei G Sun
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, United States.
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341
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Wang YM, Lu JW, Lin CC, Chin YF, Wu TY, Lin LI, Lai ZZ, Kuo SC, Ho YJ. Antiviral activities of niclosamide and nitazoxanide against chikungunya virus entry and transmission. Antiviral Res 2016; 135:81-90. [PMID: 27742486 PMCID: PMC7126800 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya disease results from an infection with the arbovirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Symptoms of CHIKV include fever and persistent, severe arthritis. In recent years, several antiviral drugs have been evaluated in clinical trials; however, no registered antivirals have been approved for clinical therapy. In this study, we established a high-throughput screening (HTS) system based on CHIKV 26S mediated insect cell fusion inhibition assay. Our screening system was able to search potential anti-CHIKV drugs in vitro. Using this system, four compounds (niclosamide, nitazoxanide, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid) were identified. These compounds were then further analyzed using a microneutralization assay. We determined that niclosamide and nitazoxanide exhibit ability to against CHIKV-induced CPE. The anti-CHIKV abilities of these compounds were further confirmed by RT-qPCR and IFA. Moreover, niclosamide and nitazoxanide were found to (1) limit virus entry, (2) inhibit both viral release and cell-to-cell transmission, and (3) possess broad anti-alphavius activities, including against two clinical CHIKV isolates and two alphaviruses: Sindbis virus (SINV) and Semliki forest virus (SFV). In conclusion, our findings suggested that niclosamide and nitazoxanide were able to inhibit CHIKV entry and transmission, which might provide a basis for the development of novel human drug therapies against CHIKV and other alphavirus infections. Fusion inhibition assay was successfully established an anti-CHIKV drugs HTS system. Niclosamide and nitazoxanide were found and verified their ability to against CHIKV entry and transmission. Both of niclosamide and nitazoxanide also possessed broad anti-alphavirus abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Wang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chi Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Fan Chin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zheng-Zong Lai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Jung Ho
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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342
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Abdelnabi R, Staveness D, Near KE, Wender PA, Delang L, Neyts J, Leyssen P. Comparative analysis of the anti- chikungunya virus activity of novel bryostatin analogs confirms the existence of a PKC-independent mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 120:15-21. [PMID: 27664855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that salicylate-based analogs of bryostatin protect cells from chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced cell death. Interestingly, 'capping' the hydroxyl group at C26 of a lead bryostatin analog, a position known to be crucial for binding to and modulation of protein kinase C (PKC), did not abrogate the anti-CHIKV activity of the scaffold, putatively indicating the involvement of a pathway independent of PKC. The work detailed in this study demonstrates that salicylate-derived analog 1 and two capped analogs (2 and 3) are not merely cytoprotective compounds, but act as selective and specific inhibitors of CHIKV replication. Further, a detailed comparative analysis of the effect of the non-capped versus the two capped analogs revealed that compound 1 acts both at early and late stages in the chikungunya virus replication cycle, while the capped analogs only interfere with a later stage process. Co-dosing with the PKC inhibitors sotrastaurin and Gö6976 counteracts the antiviral activity of compound 1 without affecting that of capped analogs 2 and 3, providing further evidence that the latter elicit their anti-CHIKV activity independently of PKC. Remarkably, treatment of CHIKV-infected cells with a combination of compound 1 and a capped analog resulted in a pronounced synergistic antiviral effect. Thus, these salicylate-based bryostatin analogs can inhibit CHIKV replication through a novel, yet still elusive, non-PKC dependent pathway.
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343
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Cherry CC, Beer KD, Fulton C, Wong D, Buttke D, Staples JE, Ellis EM. Knowledge and use of prevention measures for chikungunya virus among visitors - Virgin Islands National Park, 2015. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:475-480. [PMID: 27597388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2014, the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), a location where tourists comprise the majority of the population during peak season (January-April). Limited information is available concerning visitors' CHIKV awareness and prevention measures. METHODS We surveyed a convenience sample of Virgin Islands National Park visitors aged ≥18 years. Respondents completed a questionnaire assessing CHIKV knowledge, attitudes, and practices; health information-seeking practices; and demographics. RESULTS Of 783 persons contacted, 443 (57%) completed the survey. Fewer than half (208/441 [47%]) were aware of CHIKV. During trip preparation, 28% of respondents (126/443) investigated USVI-specific health concerns. Compared with persons unaware of CHIKV, CHIKV-aware persons were more likely to apply insect repellent (134/207 [65%] versus 111/231 [48%]; p < 0.001), wear long-sleeves and long pants (84/203 [41%] versus 57/227 [25%]; p < 0.001), and wear insect repellent-treated clothing (36/204 [18%] versus 22/227 [10%]; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The majority of visitors surveyed did not research destination-related health concerns and were unaware of CHIKV. However, CHIKV awareness was associated with using multiple prevention measures to reduce disease risk. These findings underscore the importance of providing tourists with disease education upon destination arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara C Cherry
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Office of Public Health and Wildlife Health Branch, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Karlyn D Beer
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corey Fulton
- Epidemiology Elective Program, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David Wong
- Office of Public Health, National Park Service, 4030 Mackland Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Danielle Buttke
- Office of Public Health and Wildlife Health Branch, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Erin Staples
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Esther M Ellis
- Virgin Islands Department of Health, 3500 Estate Richmond Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands
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344
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Chalaem P, Chusri S, Fernandez S, Chotigeat W, Anguita J, Pal U, Promnares K. Characterization of a Chikungunya virus strain isolated from banked patients' sera. Virol J 2016; 13:150. [PMID: 27590311 PMCID: PMC5009685 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a prevalent mosquito-borne pathogen that is emerging in many parts of the globe causing significant human morbidity. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an infectious CHIKV from banked serum specimens of suspected patients from the 2009 epidemic in Thailand. METHODS Standard plaque assay was used for CHIKV isolation from the banked serum specimens. Isolated CHIKV was identified base on E1 structural gene sequence. Growth kinetic, infectivity, cell viability and cytokine gene expression throughout CHIKV infection in a permissive cell line, 293T cells, was performed using several approaches, including standard plaque assay, immunofluorescence assay, classical MTT assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. Two tailed Student's t test was used for evaluation statistically significance between the mean values of the groups. RESULTS Based on the E1 structural gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we identified the virus as the CHIK/SBY8/10 isolate from Indonesia. Assessment of the growth kinetics, cytopathic effects as well as its ability to induce cellular immune responses suggested that the currently isolated CHIK/SBY8/10 virus is relatively more virulent than a known CHIKV vaccine strain, which also induces more dramatic proinflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Our studies further add to the infectivity of a less-studied yet infectious CHIKV isolate as well as underscored the importance and utility of 293T cells as an excellent cell culture model for studying viral growth, CHIKV-induced inflammatory cellular responses and cell death. Together, these studies provide novel information on the CHIKV biology, infectivity and virus-cell interaction, which would help develop novel interventions against the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattra Chalaem
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Juan Anguita
- CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Kamoltip Promnares
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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Bhalla N, Sun C, Metthew Lam LK, Gardner CL, Ryman KD, Klimstra WB. Host translation shutoff mediated by non-structural protein 2 is a critical factor in the antiviral state resistance of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Virology 2016; 496:147-165. [PMID: 27318152 PMCID: PMC5821108 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Most previous studies of interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) response antagonism by alphaviruses have focused upon interruption of IFN-α/β induction and/or receptor signaling cascades. Infection of mice with Venezuelan equine encephalitis alphavirus (VEEV) or Sindbis virus (SINV) induces serum IFN-α/β, that elicits a systemic antiviral state in uninfected cells successfully controlling SINV but not VEEV replication. Furthermore, VEEV replication is more resistant than that of SINV to a pre-existing antiviral state in vitro. While host macromolecular shutoff is proposed as a major antagonist of IFN-α/β induction, the underlying mechanisms of alphavirus resistance to a pre-existing antiviral state are not fully defined, nor is the mechanism for the greater resistance of VEEV. Here, we have separated viral transcription and translation shutoff with multiple alphaviruses, identified the viral proteins that induce each activity, and demonstrated that VEEV nonstructural protein 2-induced translation shutoff is likely a critical factor in enhanced antiviral state resistance of this alphavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishank Bhalla
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chengqun Sun
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - L K Metthew Lam
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christina L Gardner
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate D Ryman
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Henß L, Beck S, Weidner T, Biedenkopf N, Sliva K, Weber C, Becker S, Schnierle BS. Suramin is a potent inhibitor of Chikungunya and Ebola virus cell entry. Virol J 2016; 13:149. [PMID: 27581733 PMCID: PMC5007819 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes high fever, rash, and recurrent arthritis in humans. It has efficiently adapted to Aedes albopictus, which also inhabits temperate regions and currently causes large outbreaks in the Caribbean and Latin America. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the filovirus family. It causes the Ebola virus disease (EDV), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever in humans and has a mortality rate of up to 70 %. The last outbreak in Western Africa was the largest in history and has caused approximately 25,000 cases and 10,000 deaths. For both viral infections no specific treatment or licensed vaccine is currently available. The bis-hexasulfonated naphthylurea, suramin, is used as a treatment for trypanosome-caused African river blindness. As a competitive inhibitor of heparin, suramin has been described to have anti-viral activity. METHODS We tested the activity of suramin during CHIKV or Ebola virus infection, using CHIKV and Ebola envelope glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and wild-type CHIKV and Ebola virus. RESULTS Suramin efficiently inhibited CHIKV and Ebola envelope-mediated gene transfer while vesicular stomatitis virus G protein pseudotyped vectors were only marginally affected. In addition, suramin was able to inhibit wild-type CHIKV and Ebola virus replication in vitro. Inhibition occurred at early time points during CHIKV infection. CONCLUSION Suramin, also known as Germanin or Bayer-205, is a market-authorized drug, however shows significant side effects, which probably prevents its use as a CHIKV drug, but due to the high lethality of Ebola virus infections, suramin might be valuable against Ebola infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henß
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Simon Beck
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weidner
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) at the Philipps University Marburg, partner site, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Katja Sliva
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weber
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) at the Philipps University Marburg, partner site, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Barbara S Schnierle
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Saha A, Bhagyawant SS, Parida M, Dash PK. Vector-delivered artificial miRNA effectively inhibited replication of Chikungunya virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:42-49. [PMID: 27565991 PMCID: PMC7113671 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has emerged as one of the most significant arboviral threats in many parts of the world. In spite of large scale morbidity, and long lasting polyarthralgia, no licensed vaccine or antivirals are available for the clinical management of CHIKV infection. In this study, a novel RNA interference based strategy has been adopted for effective inhibition of CHIKV. Four artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) were designed to target different regions of CHIKV genome. These amiRNAs significantly inhibited CHIKV replication in Vero cells at both RNA and protein levels as assessed by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques. Further inhibition of the infectious CHIKV up to 99.8% was demonstrated by plaque reduction assay. Concatemerization of amiRNA resulted in higher inhibition of CHIKV than individual amiRNAs. In addition, we studied the effect of combination of RNAi based therapy with other classical antivirals like chloroquine, ribavirin and mycophenolic acid, that helped in understanding the rational selection of RNAi based combination therapy. These findings provide a promising avenue for the development of novel amiRNA or combination based therapeutics against emerging CHIKV. amiRNAs targeting different ORF of CHIKV was designed. Significant Inhibition of CHIKV replication through amiRNA was demonstrated. Concatenated amiRNAs results in higher viral inhibition. Combination of RNAi with classical drugs may obliterate failure of monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Saha
- Virology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | | | - Manmohan Parida
- Virology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Paban Kumar Dash
- Virology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India.
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348
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McGraw IT, Dhanani N, Ray LA, Bentley RM, Bush RL, Vanderpool DM. Rapidly Evolving Outbreak of a Febrile Illness in Rural Haiti: The Importance of a Field Diagnosis of Chikungunya Virus in Remote Locations. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 15:678-82. [PMID: 26565773 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rarely fatal, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection can lead to chronic debilitating sequelae. We describe the outbreak of suspected CHIKV in 93 subjects who presented voluntarily over 2 months to a remote rural Haitian general medical clinic staffed by international health care providers. Diagnosis was made on clinical signs and symptoms because no serum analysis was available in this remote rural site. The subjects were 18.0 ± 16.2 (median ± standard deviation) years of age and were of similar gender distribution. The presenting vital signs included a temperature of 102.3°F ± 0.6°F with fever lasting for 3.0 ± 0.7 days. Symptoms mainly consisted of symmetrical polyarthralgias in 82.8%, headache in 28.0%, abdominal pain in 17.2%, cough in 8.6%, maculopapular rash in 30.0%, and extremity bullae in 12.9%. In 84.9% of subjects, symptoms persisted for 7.1 ± 8.3 days with 16.1% having ongoing disability due to persistent pain (≥ 14 days duration). There were no deaths. In Haiti, especially in remote, rural regions, the risk for CHIKV spread is high given the shortage of detection methods and treatment in this tropical climate and the lack of preventative efforts underway. Implications for global public health are likely, with outbreak expansion and spread to neighboring countries, including the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T McGraw
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine , Bryan, Texas
| | - Naila Dhanani
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine , Bryan, Texas
| | - Lee Ann Ray
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine , Bryan, Texas
| | - Regina M Bentley
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine , Bryan, Texas
| | - Ruth L Bush
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine , Bryan, Texas
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349
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Phommanivong V, Kanda S, Shimono T, Lamaningao P, Darcy AW, Mishima N, Phaytanavanh B, Nishiyama T. Co-circulation of the dengue with chikungunya virus during the 2013 outbreak in the southern part of Lao PDR. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:24. [PMID: 27524929 PMCID: PMC4973078 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the 2013 outbreak, 4638 infection cases and 32 deaths have been recorded in the southern part of Laos. In recent years, the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the part of the country bordering Cambodia. Dengue virus (DENV) and CHIKV are transmitted by common mosquito vectors. Both diseases have similar clinical presentations; therefore, CHIKV infections might go undiagnosed in DENV-endemic areas. Thus, rapid detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for differentiating between the two viruses (DENV and CHIKV). In this study, we demonstrated that CHIKV and two serotypes of DENV are circulating in Laos. In addition, we encountered patients that had been concurrently infected with multiple DENV serotypes or DENV and CHIKV. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 40 patients with suspected DENV infections during an outbreak between July and August 2013. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the four DENV serotypes and CHIKV using specific primers. Specifically, the complete envelope gene sequences of the viruses were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results Forty acute-phase plasma samples from patients with suspected dengue infections were tested for the presence of DENV viral RNA using molecular methods. Among the 40 samples, 14 samples were positive for DENV, 2 samples were positive for both viruses (DENV-2 and DENV-3), whereas DENV-1 and DENV-4 were not detected during the study period. We also encountered 10 samples that were positive for CHIKV. Of the 10 CHIKV-positive samples, 3 samples were co-infected by DENV-2, and 2 samples were co-infected by DENV-3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 2013 dengue outbreak in Laos involved DENV-2 genotype Asian I and DENV-3 genotype II. Moreover, the Laotian CHIKV strains grouped together with those isolated during outbreaks on the Indian Ocean Islands within the East Central South African genotype. Conclusions These findings revealed that two serotypes (DENV-2 and DENV-3) and CHIKV were detected. Furthermore, infection of multiple DENV serotypes and CHIKV was also observed in the 2013 dengue outbreak. This is the first documented evidence of co-infection with CHIKV and one of two DENV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viengvaly Phommanivong
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Takaki Shimono
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Pheophet Lamaningao
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Andrew Waleluma Darcy
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mishima
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | | | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
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350
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Cabral-Castro MJ, Cavalcanti MG, Peralta RHS, Peralta JM. Molecular and serological techniques to detect co-circulation of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in suspected dengue-like syndrome patients. J Clin Virol 2016; 82:108-111. [PMID: 27479173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arboviruses are important emerging viruses worldwide. The signs and symptoms of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection are similar to those presented by infections with dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Furthermore, diagnosis of ZIKV infection is particularly challenging in dengue endemic regions and with co-circulation of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, making diagnosis based solely on clinical and epidemiological data unreliable. As these three viral infections share similar clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis is crucial. OBJECTIVES In this study, diagnoses of ZIKV, CHIKV and DENV infections were investigated in 30 patients with suspected dengue fever residing in the area of co-circulation of these three arboviruses. STUDY DESIGN The study included whole blood and/or serum samples obtained from 30 patients with suspected dengue fever. All patients were tested for DENV infection as well as for CHIKV and ZIKV infections. Assays for detecting anti-DENV IgM and DENV RNA by semi-nested RT-PCR and ZIKV and CHIKV RNA by real-time RT-PCR were performed. RESULTS DENV RNA was not detectable in any of the clinical samples, whereas ZIKV RNA was detectable in 17 samples (56.7%). Co-infection by ZIKV and CHIKV was documented in one case. Of the 17 ZIKV-positive individuals, 8 showed reactivity for anti-DENV IgM, which suggested recent DENV infection, cross-reactivity or co-infection. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that accurate laboratory testing is of paramount importance for differential diagnosis in areas of simultaneous transmission of different arboviruses with similar clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marta Guimarães Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - José Mauro Peralta
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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