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Abstract
Background The importance of vitamin D deficiency in Parkinson's disease, its negative influence on bone health, and even disease pathogenesis has been studied intensively. However, despite its possible severe impact on health and quality of life, there is not a sufficient understanding of its role in other movement disorders. This systematic review aims at providing an overview of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, bone metabolism alterations, and fractures in each of the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders (HKMDs). Methods The study search was conducted through PubMed with keywords or Medical Related Subjects (MeSH) of common HKMDs linked with the terms of vitamin D, osteoporosis, injuries, and fractures. Results Out of 1585 studies screened 40 were included in our review. They show that there is evidence that several HKMDs, including Huntington disease, Restless Legs Syndrome, and tremor, are associated with low vitamin D serum levels in up to 83% and 89% of patients. Reduced bone mineral density associated with vitamin D insufficiency was described in Huntington disease. Discussion Our survey suggests that vitamin D deficiency, bone structure changes, and fractures are important but yet under-investigated issues in HKMDs. HKMDs-patients, particularly with a history of previous falls, should have their vitamin D-levels tested and supplemented where appropriate. Highlights Contrary to Parkinson's disease, vitamin D deficiency, and bone abnormalities are under-investigated in hyperkinetic movement disorders (HKMDs). Several HKMDs, including essential tremor, RLS, and Huntington disease, are associated with vitamin D deficiency in up to 89%, the latter also with reduced bone mineral density. Testing and where appropriate supplementation is recommended.
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52
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Fallah M, Askari G, Asemi Z. Is Vitamin D Status Associated with Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Adv Biomed Res 2020; 9:32. [PMID: 33072644 PMCID: PMC7532825 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_188_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Women's mental health is a significant health issue for pregnant women during and after pregnancy. Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as the presence of depression in the 1st year after delivery. This study reviews the relationship between Vitamin D levels, anxiety and poor sleep quality related to pregnancy. Materials and Methods A systematic search was conducted on documents presented in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases until March 2020. Three separate search paths were considered for three different disorders with particular keywords. All observational studies that investigate the relationship between Vitamin D levels and PPD, sleep disorders, and anxiety were selected for inclusion in the study. Results Search yielded 14 eligible studies. Quality of most included studies was medium to high. Nine studies reported that Vitamin D deficiency was directly associated to the incidence of PPD and sleep disorders. One study reported an indirect association, and three researches did not observe any association between Vitamin D status, sleep disorders and PPD. One study reported a direct association to anxiety but did not have any relation to PPD. Conclusions PPD and sleep quality during pregnancy associated to Vitamin D deficiency directly. Although studies have several limitations, the importance of sufficient Vitamin D status in pregnant women has been addressed in all studies, especially regarding the prevention of PPD, anxiety, and poor sleep quality during the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Fallah
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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53
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Ogbu D, Xia E, Sun J. Gut instincts: vitamin D/vitamin D receptor and microbiome in neurodevelopment disorders. Open Biol 2020; 10:200063. [PMID: 32634371 PMCID: PMC7574554 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates a relationship with the brain known as the gut–microbiota–brain (GMB) axis. This interaction is influenced by immune cells, microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters. Recent findings show gut dysbiosis is prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are previously established negative correlations among vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels and severity of ASD as well as ADHD. Both vitamin D and VDR are known to regulate homeostasis in the brain and the intestinal microbiome. This review summarizes the growing relationship between vitamin D/VDR signalling and the GMB axis in ASD and ADHD. We focus on current publications and summarize the progress of GMB in neurodevelopmental disorders, describe effects and mechanisms of vitamin D/VDR in regulating the microbiome and synoptically highlight the potential applications of targeting vitamin D/VDR signalling in neurodevelopment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Ogbu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
| | - Eric Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA.,Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA.,UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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54
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Gómez-Oliva R, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Domínguez-García S, Carrascal L, Verástegui C, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Vitamin D deficiency as a potential risk factor for accelerated aging, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive decline: a role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13824-13844. [PMID: 32554862 PMCID: PMC7377904 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that participates in several homeostatic functions in mammalian organisms. Lower levels of vitamin D are produced in the older population, vitamin D deficiency being an accelerating factor for the progression of the aging process. In this review, we focus on the effect that vitamin D exerts in the aged brain paying special attention to the neurogenic process. Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in neurogenic regions, such as the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). This region generates new neurons that participate in cognitive tasks. The neurogenic rate in the DG is reduced in the aged brain because of a reduction in the number of neural stem cells (NSC). Homeostatic mechanisms controlled by the Wnt signaling pathway protect this pool of NSC from being depleted. We discuss in here the crosstalk between Wnt signaling and vitamin D, and hypothesize that hypovitaminosis might cause failure in the control of the neurogenic homeostatic mechanisms in the old brain leading to cognitive impairment. Understanding the relationship between vitamin D, neurogenesis and cognitive performance in the aged brain may facilitate prevention of cognitive decline and it can open a door into new therapeutic fields by perspectives in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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55
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Vitamin D polygenic score is associated with neuroticism and the general psychopathology factor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109912. [PMID: 32151694 PMCID: PMC7107583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, used here to refer to both 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the main circulating form of the vitamin, and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active form, has been shown to influence brain development and function. Consistent with these findings, low levels of vitamin D have been implicated in various mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and autism. Recently, a shared variance across multiple categories of mental health disorders has been identified and shown to be genetically influenced. This shared variance, thought to represent a general risk for psychopathology, has been termed the p factor. Individuals with high p factor scores are characterized by high neuroticism and low agreeableness and conscientiousness. Here, we investigated the links between vitamin D polygenic scores - derived from the latest genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels - the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness-to-experience, and extraversion), and the p factor, in a sample of 522 (278 women, mean age 20 ± 1 years) non-Hispanic Caucasians. Vitamin D polygenic scores were significantly and negatively associated with neuroticism and the p factor, even after correcting for multiple comparisons, and controlling for sex, age, ancestry, socioeconomic status, and body mass index. Based on previous research implicating neuroticism as a risk factor for psychopathology, mediation was tested. Results showed a significant indirect effect from the vitamin D polygenic score to the p factor via neuroticism. Our findings support a genetic link between vitamin D levels, neuroticism, and the p factor, but due to the cross-sectional nature of our data, future studies are needed to clarify the causal associations between these phenotypes.
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56
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Children's Health in the Digital Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093240. [PMID: 32384728 PMCID: PMC7246471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental studies, metabolic research, and state of the art research in neurobiology point towards the reduced amount of natural day and sunlight exposure of the developing child, as a consequence of increasingly long hours spent indoors online, as the single unifying source of a whole set of health risks identified worldwide, as is made clear in this review of currently available literature. Over exposure to digital environments, from abuse to addiction, now concerns even the youngest (ages 0 to 2) and triggers, as argued on the basis of clear examples herein, a chain of interdependent negative and potentially long-term metabolic changes. This leads to a deregulation of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter pathways in the developing brain, currently associated with online activity abuse and/or internet addiction, and akin to that found in severe substance abuse syndromes. A general functional working model is proposed under the light of evidence brought to the forefront in this review.
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57
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Maretzke F, Bechthold A, Egert S, Ernst JB, Melo van Lent D, Pilz S, Reichrath J, Stangl GI, Stehle P, Volkert D, Wagner M, Waizenegger J, Zittermann A, Linseisen J. Role of Vitamin D in Preventing and Treating Selected Extraskeletal Diseases-An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040969. [PMID: 32244496 PMCID: PMC7231149 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that vitamin D may have beneficial effects on respiratory tract, autoimmune, neuro-degenerative, and mental diseases. The present umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), plus single Mendelian randomisation studies aims to update current knowledge on the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and treating these extraskeletal diseases. Altogether, 73 SRs were identified. Observational data on primary prevention suggest an inverse association between vitamin D status and the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI), dementia and cognitive decline, and depression, whereas studies regarding asthma, multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are scarce. SRs of RCTs support observational data only for the risk of ARI. No respective RCTs are available for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), MS, and T1DM. SRs of RCTs indicate beneficial therapeutic effects in vitamin D-deficient patients with asthma and COPD, while effects on major depression and T1DM need to be further elucidated. Mendelian randomisation studies do not consistently support the results of SRs. Since several limitations of the included SRs and existing RCTs do not permit definitive conclusions regarding vitamin D and the selected diseases, further high-quality RCTs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Maretzke
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Angela Bechthold
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Jana B. Ernst
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, University Hospital Saarland, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Julia Waizenegger
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-3776-628
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
- University Center of Health Sciences at Klinikum Augsburg (UNIKA-T), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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58
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Filipović N, Bočina I, Restović I, Grobe M, Kretzschmar G, Kević N, Mašek T, Vitlov Uljević M, Jurić M, Vukojević K, Saraga-Babić M, Vuica A. Ultrastructural characterization of vitamin D receptors and metabolizing enzymes in the lipid droplets of the fatty liver in rat. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151502. [PMID: 31932064 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with numerous actions in the organism. There are strong evidences that relate vitamin D deficiency with liver lipid metabolism disturbances, but the mechanism of this action is still unknown. In our previous work we postulated the localization and accumulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in membrane of the lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. In this study, we applied the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm this hypothesis by using a long-term (6 months) high sucrose intake rat model that was previously found to be appropriate for research of the hepatic lipid accumulation. In addition to the VDR, we also found key vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, 1α-hydroxylase and CYP 24 associated with the membrane of the LDs. A light-microscopy data revealed significant increase in expression of VDR and CYP 24 in liver of high-sucrose treated rats, in comparison to controlones. According to the best of our knowledge, this is a first study confirming the presence of the VDR in the membrane of the LDs in general and also in particular in LDs of the hepatocytes that were accumulated as a consequence of the prolonged high sucrose intake. Moreover, we found association of main vitamin D metabolizing enzymes with LD membrane. These results provide a new insight in the possible relation of vitamin D signalling system with LD morphology and function and with the lipid metabolism in general.
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59
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Principi N, Esposito S. Vitamin D Deficiency During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders Development. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:987. [PMID: 32082196 PMCID: PMC7006052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social interactions, impaired communications, and stereotypic and repetitive behavior with different degrees of severity. The etiology of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, although the interaction of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a fundamental role in the process. The main aim of this narrative review is to discuss the current knowledge about the interrelationships between vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder development. Literature analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy plays a role in conditioning the development and function of the nervous system. Studies carried out in vitro and in experimental animals have shown that vitamin D deficiency can be associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the nervous system that can be observed in autism spectrum disorder patients. Moreover, it has been reported that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy could be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder development in the offspring, that children with autism spectrum disorder have significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D than normal children and that supplementation of vitamin D in autism spectrum disorder children is associated with a reduction in psychiatric manifestations. However, the data currently available do not adequately support the hypothesis that vitamin D may be a factor which contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. The effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy should be better studied to establish whether and when fetal vulnerability is highest and if vitamin D supplementation is able to reduce the risk of structural and functional alterations of the nervous system and autism spectrum disorder development. The role of vitamin D after birth must be better defined to evaluate if vitamin D administration is potentially effective in reducing autism spectrum disorder manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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60
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Genetic, environmental and biomarker considerations delineating the regulatory effects of vitamin D on central nervous system function. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:41-58. [PMID: 31640823 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451900268x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that vitamin D (vit-D) (25(OH)D), the bioactive metabolite (1,25(OH)2D3) and vit-D receptors (vit-D receptor; protein disulphide isomerase, family A member 3) are expressed throughout the brain, particularly in regions pivotal to learning and memory. This has led to the paradigm that avoiding vit-D deficiency is important to preserve cognitive function. However, presently, it is not clear if the common clinical measure of serum 25(OH)D serves as a robust surrogate marker for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis or function. Indeed, recent studies report CNS biosynthesis of endogenous 25(OH)D, the CNS expression of the CYP group of enzymes which catalyse conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3 and thereafter, deactivation. Moreover, in the periphery, there is significant ethnic/genetic heterogeneity in vit-D conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3 and there is a paucity of studies which have actually investigated vit-D kinetics across the cerebrovasculature. Compared with peripheral organs, the CNS also has differential expression of receptors that trigger cellular response to 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolites. To holistically consider the putative association of peripheral (blood) abundance of 25(OH)D on cognitive function, herein, we have reviewed population and genetic studies, pre-clinical and clinical intervention studies and moreover have considered potential confounders of vit-D analysis.
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61
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Almeneessie AS, Alyousefi N, Alzahrani M, Alsafi A, Alotaibi R, Olaish AH, Sabr Y, Bahammam AS. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among pregnant women: A case-control study. Ann Thorac Med 2020; 15:9-14. [PMID: 32002041 PMCID: PMC6967142 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_206_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional case–control study aimed to assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and its correlates and severity among Arab (Saudi) pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. METHODS: We interviewed 742 consecutive pregnant women attending antenatal clinics face-to-face using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. We assessed the severity of RLS using the IRLSSG severity scale for RLS (IRLS). A similar number of age-matched nonpregnant women were enrolled in a control group. RESULTS: Among the cases, 104 (14%) were in the first trimester, 232 (31.3%) in the second trimester, and 406 (54.7%) in the third trimester. The RLS prevalence in cases and controls was 30% and 26.5%, respectively, (P = 0.134). Among cases, severe/very severe RLS was diagnosed in 25% and mild/moderate in 75%, compared with 15% of controls having severe/very severe RLS and 85% having mild/moderate RLS (P < 0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified the following parameters as independent predictors of RLS: parity (odds ratio [OR] 1.113 [confidence intervals [CI] 1.012–1.223], P = 0.027), anemia (OR 1.452 [1.033–2.042], P = 0.03), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.734 [CI 1.084–2.774], P = 0.022), Vitamin D deficiency (OR 2.376 [CI 1.488–3.794],P < 0.001), and smoking (OR 3.839 [CI 1.463–10.074], P = 0.006). None of the cases had been diagnosed or treated for RLS in the antenatal clinics. CONCLUSION: RLS is common, but underdiagnosed, among Saudi pregnant women and nonpregnant women of childbearing age. The study revealed that RLS during pregnancy is linked to parity, anemia, diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D deficiency, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljohara S Almeneessie
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alyousefi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alsafi
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad H Olaish
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Sabr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Bahammam
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Girgis CM. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Emerging Roles in Development, Anabolism and Repair. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:47-57. [PMID: 31312865 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This special issue article will focus on morphologic and functional roles of vitamin D in muscle, from strength to contraction to development and ageing and will characterise the controversy of VDR's expression in skeletal muscle, central to our understanding of vitamin D's effects on this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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63
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Vitamin D receptor rs2228570 polymorphism and Parkinson’s disease risk in a Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2020; 717:134722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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64
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Balbaloglu O, Tanık N. The effect of vitamin D on cognitive functions in young female patients: a prospective controlled study using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:19-24. [PMID: 30758438 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to determine whether there is a relationship between vitamin D [25(OH)D] and cognitive functioning in women with low 25(OH)D levels. METHODS Ninety female patients, 25-45 years of age, who attended our outpatient clinic and had 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL, were included. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to determine cognitive functioning; the scale is divided into seven subgroups. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to their 25(OH)D levels. After a three-month period of 25(OH) D replacement, the patients underwent a re-evaluation using the MoCA scale. RESULTS The total MoCA score before treatment was significantly different from the score after treatment (p < 0.05). Language and delayed recall functions were significantly different before and after treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin D levels were related to cognitive functioning in our study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Balbaloglu
- Bozok University Department of Physical Treatment and Rehabilitation Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nermin Tanık
- Bozok University Department of Neurology Yozgat, Turkey
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65
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Hsu YC, Yang HY, Huang WT, Chen SCC, Lee HS. Use of antidepressants and risks of restless legs syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220641. [PMID: 31369638 PMCID: PMC6675099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested an association between antidepressants use and clinical restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients, but there has never been a single study investigating the risk of RLS in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients treated with antidepressants. Hence, we aimed to explore the association between IBS and RLS and to examine the risk of RLS in IBS patients treated with antidepressants. With the use of the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, 27,437 adults aged ≥ 20 years with newly diagnosed IBS (ICD-9-CM Code 564.1) and gender- and age-matched 54,874 controls without IBS were enrolled between 2000 and 2012. All patients were followed-up until RLS diagnosis, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program, or end of 2013. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of RLS. RLS was more prevalent in IBS patients than in the non-IBS group (7.57 versus 3.36 per 10,000 person-years), with an increased risk of RLS (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.91; 95% CI, 1.52-2.40). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified older age (age, 51-65 years; aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09-2.56; and age > 65; aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02-2.48), hypothyroidism (aHR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.92-9.37), CAD (aHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.17-2.48), and depression (aHR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.14-4.64) as independent RLS risk factors in IBS patients. In addition, the male SSRIs users were associated with significantly higher risk of RLS (aHR, 3.05 95% CI, 1.34-6.92). Our study showed that the IBS group has higher risk of RLS. Moreover, SSRIs use may increase the risk of RLS in male IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chu Hsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HYY); (HSL)
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HYY); (HSL)
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66
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Yakah W, Fenton JI, Sikorskii A, Zalwango SK, Tuke R, Musoke P, Boivin MJ, Giordani B, Ezeamama AE. Serum Vitamin D is Differentially Associated with Socioemotional Adjustment in Early School-Aged Ugandan Children According to Perinatal HIV Status and In Utero/Peripartum Antiretroviral Exposure History. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071570. [PMID: 31336843 PMCID: PMC6682989 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An impact of vitamin D in neurocognitive function has been theorized but it remains unknown whether vitamin-D insufficiency (VDI) is associated with worse socio-emotional adjustment (SEA) in vulnerable early school-aged children. This study examines the thesis that deficits in SEA are related to VDI using longitudinal data from 254 children that are perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV), exposed-uninfected (HEU), or unexposed-uninfected (HUU). In utero/peripartum antiretroviral (IPA) exposure was established per medical record documentation of biological mother’s ART regimen in pregnancy. Four caregiver-reported age- and sex-standardized measures of SEA were obtained at months 0, 6, and 12 for dependent children aged 6–10 years: externalizing problems (EPC), internalizing problems (IPC), behavioral symptoms index (BSI), and adaptive skills index (ASI). VDI was highly prevalent (74%, n = 188), and its association with change in SEA measures over 12 months varied by HIV-status (VDI*HIV, all p-values < 0.03). There was further variation in relationship of vitamin-D to SEA by IPA among PHIV (for ASI, BSI, and EPC, vitamin-D*IPA, p-value ≤ 0.01) and HEU (for BSI and EPC, vitamin-D*IPA, p-value ≤ 0.04). Among HUU, BSI (β = −0.32, 95% CI: −0.50, −0.13), IPC (β = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.47, −0.09), and EPC (β = −0.20, 95% CI: −0.37, −0.02) all declined moderately per quartile increment in VD. Among PHIV, on the one hand higher vitamin D predicted ASI gains (moderate vs. low VD, β = 0.52, p = 0.002), but this protective association was absent for BSI, EPC, and IPC (β = 0.36–0.77, p < 0.05). In absence of IPA-exposure, increasing vitamin-D predicted declines in BSI and EPC (moderate vs. low Vitamin D, β = −0.56 to −0.71, p ≤ 0.02) among HEU. However, given IPA exposure among HEU, higher VDI predicted moderate elevation in BSI (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.78) and IPC (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.92). Interaction between VD and IPA exposure for SEA outcomes among HEU and PHIV children warrants further investigation. The vitamin-D associated SEA improvement among HUU and HEU without IPA exposure suggests vitamin-D supplementation may remediate behavioral and adaptive deficits in this groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yakah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah K Zalwango
- Directorate of Public Health and Environment, Kampala Capital City Authority, Kampala 00256, Uganda
| | - Robert Tuke
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala 00256, Uganda
| | - Michael J Boivin
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthamology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amara E Ezeamama
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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67
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Abstract
Objective: to summarise the activities that Vitamin D (VD) carries out in the brain and to clarify the potential role of VD in neurological diseases. Methods: a literature research has been performed in Pubmed using the following keywords: 'Vitamin D', 'nervous system', 'brain'. Results: the studies reviewed show that VD contributes to cerebral activity in both embryonic and adult brain, helping the connectivity of neural circuits responsible for locomotor, emotional and reward-dependent behavior. Low VD serum levels have been found in patients affected by Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sleep Disorders and Schizophrenia. Discussion: findings are controversial and should be interpreted with caution, since most of the studies performed have observational study set and few interventional studies are available, producing conflicting results. Overall, it can be stated that the potential role of Vitamin D in neurological diseases is mostly unclear and further randomised controlled trials are needed to understand better whether Vitamin D supplementation treatment can be useful in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giorgia Iacolino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,Department and U.O.C. Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone" of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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68
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Profiling of Alzheimer’s disease related genes in mild to moderate vitamin D hypovitaminosis. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:123-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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69
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Mazahery H, Conlon CA, Beck KL, Mugridge O, Kruger MC, Stonehouse W, Camargo CA, Meyer BJ, Jones B, von Hurst PR. A randomised controlled trial of vitamin D and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of irritability and hyperactivity among children with autism spectrum disorder. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:9-16. [PMID: 30744880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Irritability and hyperactivity are common in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Because pharmacological treatments may have adverse effects, and despite limited evidence, caregivers/parents often use dietary supplements such as vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids to address these behavioural symptoms. As a secondary objective of the VIDOMA (Vitamin D and Omega-3 in ASD) trial, we evaluated the efficacy of vitamin D, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid [omega-3 LCPUFA; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], or both on irritability and hyperactivity. New Zealand children with ASD (aged 2.5-8 years) participated in a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D (2000 IU/day, VID), omega-3 LCPUFA (722 mg/day DHA, OM), or both (2000 IU/day vitamin D + 722 mg/day DHA, VIDOM). The primary outcomes were the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) domains of irritability and hyperactivity. Biomarkers (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and omega-3 index) and primary outcomes were measured at baseline and 12-months. Out of 111 children who completed baseline data collection, 66% completed the study (VID = 19, OM = 23, VIDOM = 15, placebo = 16). After 12 months, children receiving OM (-5.0 ± 5.0, P = 0.001) and VID (-4.0±4.9, P = 0.01) had greater reduction in irritability than placebo (0.8±6.1). Compared to placebo, children on VID also had greater reduction in hyperactivity (-5.2±6.3 vs. -0.8±5.6, P = 0.047). Serum 25(OH)D concentration (nmol/L, mean±SD) increased by 27±14 in VID and by 36±17 in VIDOM groups (P < 0.0001), and omega-3 index (%, median (25th, 75th percentiles)) by 4.4 (3.3, 5.9) in OM and by 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) in VIDOM groups (P < 0.0001), indicating a good compliance rate. The results indicate that vitamin D and omega-3 LCPUFA reduced irritability symptoms in children with ASD. Vitamin D also reduced hyperactivity symptoms in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Welma Stonehouse
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Food and Nutrition Flagship, Australia.
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North (BJ) fields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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70
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Li HH, Xu ZD, Wang B, Feng JY, Dong HY, Jia FY. Clinical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in children with chronic tic disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2443-2450. [PMID: 31933522 PMCID: PMC6716592 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s212322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency has been found in children with chronic tic disorders (CTDs). Our previous data showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in children with CTDs was lower than that of the healthy controls and lower serum 25(OH)D level was associated with increased severity of the tic disorder. Thus, we intend to further verify this phenomenon and examine the effect of vitamin D3 on CTDs. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 120 children with CTDs and 140 normal controls were enrolled in this study, with 36/120 of those in the CTD group receiving vitamin D3 treatment for 3 months. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and Clinical Global Impression of Severity of Illness (CGI-SI) were, respectively, used to evaluate the tic severity. High-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to measure serum 25(OH)D level. RESULTS Those children with CTDs exhibited significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than did healthy controls, and these reduced 25(OH)D levels were linked to increasing severity of tic symptoms. After treatment with supplemental vitamin D3, serum 25(OH)D level and scores of YGTSS total, motor tics, phonic tics, total tic, impairment, and CGI-SI improved significantly in children with CTDs without any adverse reactions. CONCLUSION Supplementation vitamin D3, given its low cost and excellent safety, may be an effective means of improving symptoms in certain children with CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Da Xu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yan Feng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China.,Neurological Research Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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71
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Eyles DW, Trzaskowski M, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Mattheisen M, Meier S, Gooch H, Anggono V, Cui X, Tan MC, Burne THJ, Jang SE, Kvaskoff D, Hougaard DM, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Cohen A, Agerbo E, Pedersen CB, Børglum AD, Mors O, Sah P, Wray NR, Mortensen PB, McGrath JJ. The association between neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17692. [PMID: 30523285 PMCID: PMC6283870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clues from the epidemiology of schizophrenia, such as the increased risk in those born in winter/spring, have led to the hypothesis that prenatal vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of later schizophrenia. We wish to explore this hypothesis in a large Danish case-control study (n = 2602). The concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was assessed from neonatal dried blood samples. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated when examined for quintiles of 25OHD concentration. In addition, we examined statistical models that combined 25OHD concentration and the schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) in a sample that combined the new sample with a previous study (total n = 3464; samples assayed and genotyped between 2008-2013). Compared to the reference (fourth) quintile, those in the lowest quintile (<20.4 nmol/L) had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia (IRR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.12–1.85). None of the other quintile comparisons were significantly different. There was no significant interaction between 25OHD and the PRS. Neonatal vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia in later life. These findings could have important public health implications related to the primary prevention of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna A E Vinkhuyzen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sandra Meier
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen Gooch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Men Chee Tan
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Nørgaard-Pedersen
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arieh Cohen
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine and iSEQ-Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. .,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia. .,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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72
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Efficacy of vitamin D replacement therapy in restless legs syndrome: a randomized control trial. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:595-601. [PMID: 30430372 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Restless legs syndrome is a movement sleep disorder that may be linked to dopaminergic dysfunction and in which vitamin D may play a role. This 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial elucidated the efficacy of vitamin D supplements in decreasing restless legs syndrome symptom severity. METHODS Thirty-five subjects with restless legs syndrome, diagnosed using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria, were enrolled. The subjects were randomized to orally receive either vitamin D (50,000 IU caplets) or a placebo. All medications were administered weekly using a direct observation technique. Clinical assessments, including those for restless legs syndrome severity, were conducted at baseline and the end of the study using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale. The serum vitamin D levels and bone profiles were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the restless legs syndrome severity score from baseline to week 12. There were 17 and 18 patients in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. RESULTS The groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, restless legs syndrome severity, or vitamin D levels. Participants in the vitamin D group showed no significant change in the mean restless legs syndrome severity score compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not improve restless legs syndrome symptoms. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02256215 (available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256215 ).
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73
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Li HH, Shan L, Wang B, Du L, Xu ZD, Jia FY. Serum 25-hyroxyvitamin D levels and tic severity in Chinese children with tic disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:80-84. [PMID: 29885558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] levels in children with tic disorders and to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D level and tic severity. Children (n = 179, 31 females, 148 males, mean age at diagnosis: 8.0 ± 2.7 years old, age ranged from 3 to 14.5 years old) who were diagnosed with a tic disorder were enrolled as case group, 189 healthy children were recruited as control group. Serum level of 25(OH)D of each child was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to assess tic severity. Mean serum level of 25(OH)D in the case group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with tic severity after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). This study identified a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in children with tic disorders, and there was a negative correlation between the serum 25(OH)D level and tic severity. In the future, large sample size studies are urgently needed to further clarify this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Da Xu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Neurological Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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74
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Biswas S, Kanwal B, Jeet C, Seminara RS. Fok-I, Bsm-I, and Taq-I Variants of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism in the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review. Cureus 2018; 10:e3228. [PMID: 30410834 PMCID: PMC6207492 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of intensified interest in medical science in recent years. Vitamin D has a significant role in neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and neurodevelopment. Due to the close association of vitamin D with the brain, it has been found that in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism plays a significant role. In this review article, we looked for a relation between VDR polymorphism and ASD. We systemically reviewed all the potential articles on the relation between VDR polymorphism and ASD. We found that several VDR variants FokI, BsmI, and TaqI polymorphisms are related to ASD. Even paternal VDR polymorphism can be a causative factor for ASD in the offspring. The relation between FokI (ff) genotype polymorphism and increased level of serum 1,25(OH)D3 in ASD patients is a very significant finding. Variation of ASD-related genotypes in different ethnic population raises a big question on whether the environmental factors also can do changes in human genotypes leading to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Biswas
- Pediatric, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, California , USA
| | - Bushra Kanwal
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Charan Jeet
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Robert S Seminara
- Neuroscience, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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75
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Sedaghat K, Yousefian Z, Vafaei AA, Rashidy-Pour A, Parsaei H, Khaleghian A, Choobdar S. Mesolimbic dopamine system and its modulation by vitamin D in a chronic mild stress model of depression in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:156-169. [PMID: 30144460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression, a common mood disorder, involves anhedonia and defects in reward circuits and mesolimbic dopamine transmission in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Active vitamin-D, (1,25-(OH)2 vitamin-D3), exerts protective and regulatory effects on the brain dopamine system. In this study, key depression-like symptoms were induced in rats by chronic mild-stress (CMS) and the comparative effect of treatment with 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin-D3 (5, 10 μg/kg, or vehicle; i.p., twice weekly) or fluoxetine (5 mg/kg or vehicle, i.p., daily) on anhedonic behavior, locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior was examined using sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and novel object exploration test (NOT), respectively. We also measured serum corticosterone levels and dopamine transporter-immunoreactivity (DAT-ir) levels in NAc shell and core. CMS exposure for 3 weeks was followed by a SPT and thereafter CMS was continued for 5 weeks, along with vitamin-D or fluoxetine treatment and further testing, which was concluded with another SPT. Vitamin-D treatment enhanced sucrose preference (P < 0.01; an hedonic effect) and increased object exploration (P < 0.01) in CMS rats. CMS significantly reduced the level of DAT-ir in NAc (P < 0.0001). Vitamin-D treatment restored/increased DAT-ir levels (P < 0.0001) in CMS rat NAc (core/ shell), compared to levels in fluoxetine treated and non-treated CMS rats. Vitamin-D did not alter locomotor activity or produce an anxiolytic effect in the OFT. These data suggest that similar to the antidepressant, fluoxetine, regular vitamin-D treatment can improve 'anhedonia-like symptoms' in rats subjected to CMS, probably by regulating the effect of dopamine-related actions in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Sedaghat
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Yousefian
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Houman Parsaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sara Choobdar
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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76
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Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082245. [PMID: 30065237 PMCID: PMC6121649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that vitamin D receptors have been found in neurons and glial cells, and their highest expression is in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and subcortical grey nuclei, and substantia nigra. Vitamin D helps the regulation of neurotrophin, neural differentiation, and maturation, through the control operation of growing factors synthesis (i.e., neural growth factor [NGF] and glial cell line-derived growth factor (GDNF), the trafficking of the septohippocampal pathway, and the control of the synthesis process of different neuromodulators (such as acetylcholine [Ach], dopamine [DA], and gamma-aminobutyric [GABA]). Based on these assumptions, we have written this review to summarize the potential role of vitamin D in neurological pathologies. This work could be titanic and the results might have been very fuzzy and even incoherent had we not conjectured to taper our first intentions and devoted our interests towards three mainstreams, demyelinating pathologies, vascular syndromes, and neurodegeneration. As a result of the lack of useful therapeutic options, apart from the disease-modifying strategies, the role of different risk factors should be investigated in neurology, as their correction may lead to the improvement of the cerebral conditions. We have explored the relationships between the gene-environmental influence and long-term vitamin D deficiency, as a risk factor for the development of different types of neurological disorders, along with the role and the rationale of therapeutic trials with vitamin D implementation.
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77
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Yates NJ, Tesic D, Feindel KW, Smith JT, Clarke MW, Wale C, Crew RC, Wharfe MD, Whitehouse AJO, Wyrwoll CS. Vitamin D is crucial for maternal care and offspring social behaviour in rats. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:73-85. [PMID: 29559544 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early life vitamin D plays a prominent role in neurodevelopment and subsequent brain function, including schizophrenic-like outcomes and increasing evidence for an association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we investigate how early life vitamin D deficiency during rat pregnancy and lactation alters maternal care and influences neurodevelopment and affective, cognitive and social behaviours in male adult offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either a vitamin D control (2195 IU/kg) or deficient diet (0 IU/kg) for five weeks before timed mating, and diet exposure was maintained until weaning of offspring on postnatal day (PND) 23. MRI scans were conducted to assess brain morphology, and plasma corticosterone levels and neural expression of genes associated with language, dopamine and glucocorticoid exposure were characterised at PND1, PND12 and 4 months of age. Compared to controls, vitamin D-deficient dams exhibited decreased licking and grooming of their pups but no differences in pup retrieval. Offspring neurodevelopmental markers were unaltered, but vitamin D-deficient pup ultrasonic vocalisations were atypical. As adults, males that had been exposed to vitamin D deficiency in early life exhibited decreased social behaviour, impaired learning and memory outcomes and increased grooming behaviour, but unaltered affective behaviours. Accompanying these behavioural changes was an increase in lateral ventricle volume, decreased cortical FOXP2 (a protein implicated in language and communication) and altered neural expression of genes involved in dopamine and glucocorticoid-related pathways. These data highlight that early life levels of vitamin D are an important consideration for maternal behavioural adaptations as well as offspring neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael J Yates
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dijana Tesic
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kirk W Feindel
- Centre for MicroscopyCharacterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jeremy T Smith
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics AustraliaCentre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Celeste Wale
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachael C Crew
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michaela D Wharfe
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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78
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Wali S, Alsafadi S, Abaalkhail B, Ramadan I, Abulhamail B, Kousa M, Alshamrani R, Faruqui H, Faruqui A, Alama M, Hamed M. The Association Between Vitamin D Level and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:557-564. [PMID: 29609719 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) may be related to abnormalities in central dopamine pathways. Vitamin D may play a role in the pathophysiology of RLS by modulating the dopaminergic system. The aim of our study is to examine the possible link between RLS and vitamin D deficiency. METHODS The total number of subjects enrolled was 201, including 78 patients with RLS based on the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria and 123 controls. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured in both groups. RLS severity was assessed in all cases using the IRLSSG symptom severity rating scale. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients with RLS (75.6%) and 52 controls (42.3%) had a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency, P < .001. The odds ratio (OR) of the development of RLS was 4.24 for those with a vitamin D level < 50 nmol/L compared to those with a vitamin D level ≥ 50 nmol/L (P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-7.9). After adjusting for all other significant factors in the multivariate logistic model, vitamin D was significantly associated with RLS (OR 3.1, P < .002, 95% CI 1.51-6.38). Moreover, a dark or black skin color (OR 3.4, P < .001, 95% CI 1.5-6.3) and working as a teacher (OR 8.8, P < .001, 95% CI 3.4-23.5) were also independently significantly associated with RLS. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified an association between vitamin D deficiency and RLS. Consequently, vitamin D deficiency should be considered in the management of RLS. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the causality relationship between vitamin D level and RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Wali
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Alsafadi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa Abaalkhail
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Ramadan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Abulhamail
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moaiyyad Kousa
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshamrani
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Faruqui
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Faruqui
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alama
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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79
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Caccamo D, Ricca S, Currò M, Ientile R. Health Risks of Hypovitaminosis D: A Review of New Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030892. [PMID: 29562608 PMCID: PMC5877753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D has become a pandemic, being observed in all ethnicities and age groups worldwide. Environmental factors, such as increased air pollution and reduced ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, as well as lifestyle factors, i.e., decreased outdoor activities and/or poor intake of vitamin D-rich food, are likely involved in the etiology of a dramatic reduction of vitamin D circulating levels. The insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D has long been known for its association with osteoporosis and rickets. However, in the last few decades it has become a serious public health concern since it has been shown to be independently associated with various chronic pathological conditions such as cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological diseases, type II diabetes, autoimmune diseases, depression, with various inflammatory disorders, and with increased risk for all-cause mortality in the general population. Prevention strategies for these disorders have recently involved supplementation with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 or their analogs at required daily doses and tolerable upper-limit levels. This review will focus on the emerging evidence about non-classical biological functions of vitamin D in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sergio Ricca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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80
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Harrison K, Sisley S. Vitamin D and the paraventricular nucleus: Relevance for type 2 diabetes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:125-128. [PMID: 28993246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is linked to type 2 diabetes and we recently showed this may be through action of vitamin D in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in the hypothalamus of the brain. This review focuses on the known roles of the PVN in glucose control and how previously discovered actions of vitamin D in other tissues may translate to action in the PVN. Specifically, we focus on the role of insulin and inflammation in the hypothalamus and how these may be modified through vitamin D action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Harrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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81
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Pertile RAN, Cui X, Hammond L, Eyles DW. Vitamin D regulation of GDNF/Ret signaling in dopaminergic neurons. FASEB J 2018; 32:819-828. [PMID: 29018141 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700713r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) appears essential for the normal development of dopaminergic neurons. Vitamin D affects dopamine synthesis and metabolism as well as expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is crucial for the survival of dopaminergic neurons. We investigated the role of vitamin D on GDNF and its receptors protooncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret (C-Ret) and GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1) signaling. To this end, we used a developmental vitamin D-deficient rat model and SH-SY5Y cells transfected with vitamin D receptor (VDR). The absence of vitamin D ligand in gestation reduces C-Ret expression, but not GDNF and GFRα1, in embryo forebrains. Overexpression of VDR in SH-SY5Y in the absence of ligand (mimicking in vivo developmental vitamin D deficiency) also suppressed C-Ret mRNA levels. In the presence of vitamin D, C-Ret mRNA and protein expression were increased. The chromatin immunoprecipitation results suggested that C-Ret is directly regulated by vitamin D via VDR. GDNF was also increased by vitamin D in these cells. Our small interfering RNA studies showed that knocking down VDR leads to an increase in C-Ret in the absence of ligand. Finally, we confirmed the inverse relationship between GFRα1 and C-Ret, as knocking down C-Ret led to increases in GFRα1 expression. These data extend our knowledge of the diverse and important roles played by vitamin D in dopamine physiology.-Pertile, R. A. N., Cui, X., Hammond, L., Eyles, D. W. Vitamin D regulation of GDNF/Ret signaling in dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A N Pertile
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke Hammond
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
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82
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Sahin N, Altun H, Kurutas EB, Balkan D. Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:581-585. [PMID: 29497301 PMCID: PMC5822841 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 children including 40 ADHD patients (aged 6-12 years; 28 males and 12 females) and 40 age-, sex-, and season of blood collection-matched controls (aged 6-12 years; 25 males and 15 females) were enrolled. Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels and calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. The vitamin D receptor levels in the serum were measured using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels were found to be significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels. No significant differences were found among the ADHD subtypes in terms of serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels. CONCLUSION This study suggests that children with ADHD have lower levels of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to describe vitamin D receptor levels in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilfer Sahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Damla Balkan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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83
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Vitamin D and Neurological Diseases: An Endocrine View. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112482. [PMID: 29160835 PMCID: PMC5713448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D system comprises hormone precursors, active metabolites, carriers, enzymes, and receptors involved in genomic and non-genomic effects. In addition to classical bone-related effects, this system has also been shown to activate multiple molecular mediators and elicit many physiological functions. In vitro and in vivo studies have, in fact, increasingly focused on the "non-calcemic" actions of vitamin D, which are associated with the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular morbidity, autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer. In parallel, growing evidence has recognized that a multimodal association links vitamin D system to brain development, functions and diseases. With vitamin D deficiency reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, there is now concern that optimal levels of vitamin D in the bloodstream are also necessary to preserve the neurological development and protect the adult brain. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D and neurological diseases.
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84
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Li HH, Wang B, Shan L, Wang CX, Jia FY. [Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with tic disorders]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:1165-1168. [PMID: 29132463 PMCID: PMC7389328 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with tic disorders (TD) and to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and TD. METHODS One hundred and thirty-two children who were diagnosed with TD between November 2016 and May 2017 were enrolled as the TD group, including 8 cases of Tourette syndrome, 32 cases of chronic TD, and 92 cases of transient TD. One hundred and forty-four healthy children served as the control group. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from each child. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. The categories of vitamin D status based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level included: normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (10-30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<10 ng/mL). RESULTS Mean serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the TD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the TD group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). Mean serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the transient tic group was higher than in the TS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency might be associated with the development of TD, and the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be related to the classification of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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85
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D deficiency: infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C135-C151. [PMID: 29070492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The process of development depends on a number of signaling systems that regulates the progressive sequence of developmental events. Infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia, are caused by specific alterations in these signaling processes. Calcium signaling plays a prominent role throughout development beginning at fertilization and continuing through early development, implantation, and organ differentiation such as heart and brain development. Vitamin D plays a major role in regulating these signaling processes that control development. There is an increase in infertility and an onset of neurodevelopmental diseases when vitamin D is deficient. The way in which vitamin D deficiency acts to alter development is a major feature of this review. One of the primary functions of vitamin D is to maintain the phenotypic stability of both the Ca2+ and redox signaling pathways that play such a key role throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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86
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Cui X, Gooch H, Petty A, McGrath JJ, Eyles D. Vitamin D and the brain: Genomic and non-genomic actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:131-143. [PMID: 28579120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) is well-recognized as a neurosteroid that modulates multiple brain functions. A growing body of evidence indicates that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in brain development, neurotransmission, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts these functions in the brain are still unclear. Vitamin D signalling occurs via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a zinc-finger protein in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Like other nuclear steroids, vitamin D has both genomic and non-genomic actions. The transcriptional activity of vitamin D occurs via the nuclear VDR. Its faster, non-genomic actions can occur when the VDR is distributed outside the nucleus. The VDR is present in the developing and adult brain where it mediates the effects of vitamin D on brain development and function. The purpose of this review is to summarise the in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to characterise the genomic and non-genomic actions of vitamin D in the brain. Additionally we link these processes to functional neurochemical and behavioural outcomes. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning vitamin D signalling in the brain may prove useful in understanding the role this steroid plays in brain ontogeny and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Helen Gooch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Petty
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia.
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87
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Li YJ, Ou JJ, Li YM, Xiang DX. Dietary Supplement for Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Go? Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:155. [PMID: 28878697 PMCID: PMC5572332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a class of severe and chronic conditions and core symptoms are deficits in social interaction, language communication impairments, and repetitive/stereotyped behavior. Given the limitations of available treatments and substantially increased prevalence of the disease, additional interventions are needed. Since the use of dietary supplements for ASD is of high prevalence, up-to-date information about those supplements are required for both parents and clinicians. Relevant articles were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PsychINFO databases (through May 2017). Current best evidences of 22 randomized controlled trials on 8 different dietary supplements for core symptoms of ASD were reviewed. For each supplement, this report focuses on the definition and potential therapeutic mechanisms, the latest advances, and discussion of study limitations and future directions. Most studies were small and short term, and there is little evidence to support effectiveness of dietary supplements for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Jun Ou
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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88
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Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters multiple neurotransmitter systems in the neonatal rat brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 62:1-7. [PMID: 28716540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests that developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. DVD deficiency in rats is associated with altered brain structure and adult behaviours indicating alterations in dopamine and glutamate signalling. Developmental alterations in dopamine neurotransmission have also been observed in DVD-deficient rats but a comprehensive assessment of brain neurochemistry has not been undertaken. Thus, the current study determined the regional concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, glutamine, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and associated metabolites, in DVD-deficient neonates. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a vitamin D deficient diet or control diet six weeks prior to mating until birth and housed under UVB-free lighting conditions. Neurotransmitter concentration was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography on post-mortem neonatal brain tissue. RESULTS Ubiquitous reductions in the levels of glutamine (12-24%) were observed in DVD-deficient neonates compared with control neonates. Similarly, in multiple brain regions DVD-deficient neonates had increased levels of noradrenaline and serine compared with control neonates. In contrast, increased levels of dopamine and decreased levels of serotonin in DVD-deficient neonates were limited to striatal subregions compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that DVD deficiency leads to changes in multiple neurotransmitter systems in the neonate brain. Importantly, this regionally-based assessment in DVD-deficient neonates identified both widespread neurotransmitter changes (glutamine/noradrenaline) and regionally selective neurotransmitter changes (dopamine/serotonin). Thus, vitamin D may have both general and local actions depending on the neurotransmitter system being investigated. Taken together, these data suggest that DVD deficiency alters neurotransmitter systems relevant to schizophrenia in the developing rat brain.
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89
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de Oliveira DL, Hirotsu C, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The interfaces between vitamin D, sleep and pain. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R23-R36. [PMID: 28536294 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in osteomineral metabolism is well known. Several studies have suggested its action on different biological mechanisms, such as nociceptive sensitivity and sleep-wake cycle modulation. Sleep is an important biological process regulated by different regions of the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus, in combination with several neurotransmitters. Pain, which can be classified as nociceptive, neuropathic and psychological, is regulated by both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, the immune system participates in the inflammatory process that contributes to hyperalgesia. Sleep deprivation is an important condition related to hyperalgesia, and recently it has also been associated with vitamin D. Poor sleep efficiency and sleep disorders have been shown to have an important role in hyperalgesia, and be associated with different vitamin D values. Vitamin D has been inversely correlated with painful manifestations, such as fibromyalgia and rheumatic diseases. Studies have demonstrated a possible action of vitamin D in the regulatory mechanisms of both sleep and pain. The supplementation of vitamin D associated with good sleep hygiene may have a therapeutic role, not only in sleep disorders but also in the prevention and treatment of chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Hirotsu
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jin KW, Ro JW, Shin YJ, Hyon JY, Wee WR, Park SG. Correlation of vitamin D levels with tear film stability and secretion in patients with dry eye syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e230-e235. [PMID: 27874256 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate tear film stability and secretion according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] levels in dry eye patients. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, the medical charts of 92 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology at Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital from April to August 2015 were reviewed. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. Subjects were divided into three groups according to serum 25(OH)D levels: sufficient, inadequate or deficient group. Eye discomfort was measured by ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score and Schirmer's tear secretion test were measured. RESULTS The mean age was 53.38 ± 13.69 years. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 14.41 ± 5.98 ng/ml. Tear break-up time (TBUT) and tear secretion were positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels (r = 0.389, p = 0.001; and r = 0.428, p < 0.001, Pearson correlation test). Tear break-up time (TBUT) and tear secretion were shorter in the vitamin D-deficient group compared to the sufficient group (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004). Fluorescein staining scores and OSDI scores were not different between the three groups. CONCLUSION Tear break-up time (TBUT) and secretion were correlated with serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D status may be an important factor for dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Woo Ro
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam Gyeonggi Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Won Ryang Wee
- Department of Ophthalmology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Shin Goo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
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91
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Sboarina A, Vella A. The Role of Vitamin D in the Immune System as a Pro-survival Molecule. Clin Ther 2017; 39:894-916. [PMID: 28438353 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D is a fascinating and attractive molecule that has gained particular attention in medicine in recent years. Its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential might resemble the activity of many nature-derived molecules (eg, flavonoids), but its role in biology was selected during a long evolutionary pathway to dampen the damaging effect of cell stress response and of the immune reaction. In this sense, this molecule can be considered an ancient hormone that serves, in its primary role, as a pro-survival agent. The goal of this review was to elucidate this topic. METHODS The article reviews current literature on the field, focusing on issues regarding the role of vitamin D in immunity. FINDINGS Vitamin D participates in the survival machinery used by the cell, and in particular it plays a major role in synchronizing calcium oscillatory signaling to allow cell autophagy or apoptosis during a stress response. IMPLICATIONS Vitamin D should be better highlighted in its molecular action and vitamin D receptor genomics to conceive a more suited therapeutic supplementation protocol in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Andrea Sboarina
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Department of Medicine-University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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Cass WA, Peters LE. Reduced ability of calcitriol to promote augmented dopamine release in the lesioned striatum of aged rats. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:222-229. [PMID: 28390950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that affects over one million people in the United States. Previous studies, carried out in young adult rats, have shown that calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, can be neuroprotective in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) models of PD. However, as PD usually affects older individuals, the ability of calcitriol to promote dopaminergic recovery was examined in lesioned young adult (4 month old), middle-aged (14 month old) and aged (22 month old) rats. Animals were given a single injection of 12 μg 6-OHDA into the right striatum. Four weeks later they were administered vehicle or calcitriol (1.0 μg/kg, s.c.) once a day for eight consecutive days. In vivo microdialysis experiments were carried out three weeks after the calcitriol or vehicle treatments to measure potassium and amphetamine evoked overflow of DA from both the left and right striata. In control animals treated with 6-OHDA and vehicle there were significant reductions in evoked overflow of DA on the lesioned side of the brain compared to the contralateral side. The calcitriol treatments significantly increased evoked overflow of DA from the lesioned striatum in both the young adult and middle-aged rats. However, the calcitriol treatments did not significantly augment DA overflow in the aged rats. Postmortem tissue levels of striatal DA were also increased in the young and middle-aged animals, but not in the aged animals. In the substantia nigra, the calcitriol treatments led to increased levels of DA in all three age groups. Thus, the effects of calcitriol were similar in the young adult and middle-aged animals, but in the aged animals the effects of calcitriol were diminished. These results suggest that calcitriol may help promote recovery of dopaminergic functioning in injured nigrostriatal neurons; however, the effectiveness of calcitriol may be reduced in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Cass
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Laura E Peters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Luan W, Hammond LA, Cotter E, Osborne GW, Alexander SA, Nink V, Cui X, Eyles DW. Developmental Vitamin D (DVD) Deficiency Reduces Nurr1 and TH Expression in Post-mitotic Dopamine Neurons in Rat Mesencephalon. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2443-2453. [PMID: 28365874 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency has been proposed as an important risk factor for schizophrenia. Our previous study using Sprague Dawley rats found that DVD deficiency disrupted the ontogeny of mesencephalic dopamine neurons by decreasing the mRNA level of a crucial differentiation factor of dopamine cells, the nuclear receptor related 1 protein (Nurr1). However, it remains unknown whether this reflects a reduction in dopamine cell number or in Nurr1 expression. It is also unclear if any particular subset of developing dopamine neurons in the mesencephalon is selectively affected. In this study, we employed state-of-the-art spinning disk confocal microscopy optimized for the imaging of tissue sections and 3D segmentation to assess post-mitotic dopamine cells on a single-cell basis in the rat mesencephalon at embryonic day 15. Our results showed that DVD deficiency did not alter the number, morphology, or positioning of post-mitotic dopamine cells. However, the ratio of Nurr1+TH+ cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) compared with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was increased in DVD-deficient embryos. In addition, the expression of Nurr1 in immature dopamine cells and mature dopamine neurons in the VTA was decreased in DVD-deficient group. Tyrosine hydroxylase was selectively reduced in SNc of DVD-deficient mesencephalon. We conclude that DVD deficiency induced early alterations in mesencephalic dopamine development may in part explain the abnormal dopamine-related behaviors found in this model. Our findings may have broader implications for how certain environmental risk factors for schizophrenia may shape the ontogeny of dopaminergic systems and by inference increase the risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Edmund Cotter
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey William Osborne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Virginia Nink
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl Walter Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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94
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Pike JW, Meyer MB, Lee SM, Onal M, Benkusky NA. The vitamin D receptor: contemporary genomic approaches reveal new basic and translational insights. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1146-1154. [PMID: 28240603 DOI: 10.1172/jci88887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the single known regulatory mediator of hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in higher vertebrates. It acts in the nucleus of vitamin D target cells to regulate the expression of genes whose products control diverse, cell type-specific biological functions that include mineral homeostasis. In this Review we describe progress that has been made in defining new cellular sites of action of this receptor, the mechanisms through which this mediator controls the expression of genes, the biology that ensues, and the translational impact of this receptor on human health and disease. We conclude with a brief discussion of what comes next in understanding vitamin D biology and the mechanisms that underlie its actions.
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95
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Mohammadpour N, Jazayeri S, Tehrani-Doost M, Djalali M, Hosseini M, Effatpanah M, Davari-Ashtiani R, Karami E. Effect of vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:202-209. [PMID: 27924679 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1262097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that serum levels of vitamin D were lower in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children compared to healthy controls. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on symptoms of children with ADHD. METHODS Sixty-two children aged 5-12 years with a diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 2000IU vitamin D or placebo in addition to methylphenidate for 8 weeks. Symptoms severity was assessed by Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised[S] (CPRS), ADHD rating scale-IV (ADHD-RS), and Weekly Parent Ratings of Evening and Morning Behavior (WPREMB) at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Anthropometric variables, dietary intake, physical activity, sun exposure, and side effects were assessed. RESULTS Fifty-four participants completed the trial. After 8 weeks of supplementation, serum levels of 25(OH)D significantly increased in the vitamin D group. ADHD symptoms decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). Evening symptoms and total score of WPREMB scale were significantly different at weeks 4 and 8 between the two groups (P = 0.013, 0.016, respectively), but no differences were found in symptoms by CPRS and ADHD-RS scales. DISCUSSION Vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate improved ADHD evening symptoms. Future research is needed to clarify vitamin D effects as monotherapy in ADHD and its mechanism. The trial was registered in www.irct.ir is (IRCT201404222394N10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Mohammadpour
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- b Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center , Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Tehrani-Doost
- d Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- e Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- f Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Effatpanah
- g Ziaean Hospital, School of Medicine, International Campus , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rozita Davari-Ashtiani
- h Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Elham Karami
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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96
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Schoenrock SA, Tarantino LM. Developmental vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia: the role of animal models. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:45-61. [PMID: 26560996 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the US population. Based on twin and genome-wide association studies, it is clear that both genetics and environmental factors increase the risk for developing schizophrenia. Moreover, there is evidence that conditions in utero, either alone or in concert with genetic factors, may alter neurodevelopment and lead to an increased risk for schizophrenia. There has been progress in identifying genetic loci and environmental exposures that increase risk, but there are still considerable gaps in our knowledge. Furthermore, very little is known about the specific neurodevelopmental mechanisms upon which genetics and the environment act to increase disposition to developing schizophrenia in adulthood. Vitamin D deficiency during the perinatal period has been hypothesized to increase risk for schizophrenia in humans. The developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency hypothesis of schizophrenia arises from the observation that disease risk is increased in individuals who are born in winter or spring, live further from the equator or live in urban vs. rural settings. These environments result in less exposure to sunlight, thereby reducing the initial steps in the production of vitamin D. Rodent models have been developed to characterize the behavioral and developmental effects of DVD deficiency. This review focuses on these animal models and discusses the current knowledge of the role of DVD deficiency in altering behavior and neurobiology relevant to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Schoenrock
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Neurobiology Curriculum, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Tarantino
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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97
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Sisley SR, Arble DM, Chambers AP, Gutierrez-Aguilar R, He Y, Xu Y, Gardner D, Moore DD, Seeley RJ, Sandoval DA. Hypothalamic Vitamin D Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Reduces Weight. Diabetes 2016; 65:2732-41. [PMID: 27217488 PMCID: PMC5001188 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite clear associations between vitamin D deficiency and obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, a causal relationship is not established. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are found within multiple tissues, including the brain. Given the importance of the brain in controlling both glucose levels and body weight, we hypothesized that activation of central VDR links vitamin D to the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis. Indeed, we found that small doses of active vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) (calcitriol), into the third ventricle of the brain improved glucose tolerance and markedly increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, an effect that is dependent upon VDR within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, chronic central administration of 1,25D3 dramatically decreased body weight by lowering food intake in obese rodents. Our data indicate that 1,25D3-mediated changes in food intake occur through action within the arcuate nucleus. We found that VDR colocalized with and activated key appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate, namely proopiomelanocortin neurons. Together, these findings define a novel pathway for vitamin D regulation of metabolism with unique and divergent roles for central nervous system VDR signaling. Specifically, our data suggest that vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis via the paraventricular nuclei and energy homeostasis via the arcuate nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Sisley
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Deanna M Arble
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Adam P Chambers
- Department of Incretin and Obesity Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ruth Gutierrez-Aguilar
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David Gardner
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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98
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Vitamin D signaling and the differentiation of developing dopamine systems. Neuroscience 2016; 333:193-203. [PMID: 27450565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D regulates multiple factors including those involved in the ontogeny of dopaminergic systems. It has been shown that in neonatal rats maternally deprived of vitamin D, dopamine (DA) turnover is decreased with associated reductions in one catabolic enzyme, catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT). To directly examine this signaling relationship, in the present study we have over-expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in order to examine the mechanisms by which the active vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3, via its receptor VDR, affects DA production and turnover. Our results show that VDR overexpression increases DA neuron differentiation by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase expression, DA production and decreasing the expression of NEUROG2 a marker of immature DA neurons. In the VDR-overexpressing cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 further increased the levels of the DA-metabolites 3-MT and HVA and elevated COMT gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased VDR binding in three regions of the COMT promoter, strongly suggesting direct regulation. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment attenuated increased levels of MAOA, DRD2 and VMAT2 gene expression caused by the VDR-overexpression. Taken together, these results show VDR and 1,25(OH)2D3 are directly involved in regulating the expression of dopaminergic-associated genes and that this in vitro neuronal model is a useful tool for identifying the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in DA neuronal development and maturation.
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99
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Vitamin D3: A Role in Dopamine Circuit Regulation, Diet-Induced Obesity, and Drug Consumption. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0122-15. [PMID: 27257625 PMCID: PMC4875352 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0122-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of micronutrients on dopamine systems is not well defined. Using mice, we show a potential role for reduced dietary vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in promoting diet-induced obesity (DIO), food intake, and drug consumption while on a high fat diet. To complement these deficiency studies, treatments with exogenous fully active vitamin D3 (calcitriol, 10 µg/kg, i.p.) were performed. Nondeficient mice that were made leptin resistant with a high fat diet displayed reduced food intake and body weight after an acute treatment with exogenous calcitriol. Dopamine neurons in the midbrain and their target neurons in the striatum were found to express vitamin D3 receptor protein. Acute calcitriol treatment led to transcriptional changes of dopamine-related genes in these regions in naive mice, enhanced amphetamine-induced dopamine release in both naive mice and rats, and increased locomotor activity after acute amphetamine treatment (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Alternatively, mice that were chronically fed either the reduced D3 high fat or chow diets displayed less activity after acute amphetamine treatment compared with their respective controls. Finally, high fat deficient mice that were trained to orally consume liquid amphetamine (90 mg/L) displayed increased consumption, while nondeficient mice treated with calcitriol showed reduced consumption. Our findings suggest that reduced dietary D3 may be a contributing environmental factor enhancing DIO as well as drug intake while eating a high fat diet. Moreover, these data demonstrate that dopamine circuits are modulated by D3 signaling, and may serve as direct or indirect targets for exogenous calcitriol.
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100
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Gupta R, Dhyani M, Kendzerska T, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy: prevalence, possible pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 133:320-9. [PMID: 26482928 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep disorder that may be associated with pregnancy. Studies have found that the prevalence of RLS among pregnant women ranged from 10 to 34%. Typically, there is complete remission of symptoms soon after parturition; however, in some patients, they may continue postpartum. RLS has been shown to be associated with a number of complications in pregnancy including preeclampsia and increased incidence of Cesarean sections. Although multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain this association, each individual hypothesis cannot completely explain the whole pathogenesis. Present understanding suggests that a strong family history, low serum iron and ferritin level, and high estrogen level during pregnancy might play important roles. Vitamin D deficiency and calcium metabolism may also play a role. Medical treatment of RLS during pregnancy is difficult and challenging considering the risks to mother and fetus. However, in some cases, the disease may be severe enough to require treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Clinic; Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences; Dehradun India
| | - M. Dhyani
- Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Clinic; Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences; Dehradun India
| | - T. Kendzerska
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - A. S. BaHammam
- Department of Medicine; The University Sleep Disorders Center; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences, Technology and Innovation Riyadh; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - P. Srivanitchapoom
- Human Motor Control Section; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - S. Pandey
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research; New Delhi India
| | - M. Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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