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Negash M, Chanyalew M, Girma T, Alemu F, Alcantara D, Towler B, Davey G, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Howe R, Newport MJ. Evidence for immune activation in pathogenesis of the HLA class II associated disease, podoconiosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2020. [PMID: 38448477 PMCID: PMC10917762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Available evidences suggest that podoconiosis is triggered by long term exposure of bare feet to volcanic red clay soil particles. Previous genome-wide studies in Ethiopia showed association between the HLA class II region and disease susceptibility. However, functional relationships between the soil trigger, immunogenetic risk factors and the immunological basis of the disease are uncharted. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the immune profile and gene expression of podoconiosis patients relative to endemic healthy controls. Peripheral blood immunophenotyping of T cells indicated podoconiosis patients had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell surface HLA-DR expression compared to healthy controls while CD62L expression was significantly lower. The levels of the activation markers CD40 and CD86 were significantly higher on monocytes and dendritic cell subsets in patients compared to the controls. RNA sequencing gene expression data indicated higher transcript levels for activation, scavenger receptors, and apoptosis markers while levels were lower for histones, T cell receptors, variable, and constant immunoglobulin chain in podoconiosis patients compared to healthy controls. Our finding provides evidence that podoconiosis is associated with high levels of immune activation and inflammation with over-expression of genes within the pro-inflammatory axis. This offers further support to a working hypothesis of podoconiosis as soil particle-driven, HLA-associated disease of immunopathogenic aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikias Negash
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Tigist Girma
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Ben Towler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Gail Davey
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melanie J Newport
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Sueangoen N, Grove H, Chuangchot N, Prasopsiri J, Rungrotmongkol T, Sanachai K, Darai N, Thongchot S, Suriyaphol P, Sa-Nguanraksa D, Thuwajit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Thuwajit C. Stimulating T cell responses against patient-derived breast cancer cells with neoantigen peptide-loaded peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:43. [PMID: 38349410 PMCID: PMC10864427 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as a formidable global health challenge for women. While neoantigens exhibit efficacy in activating T cells specific to cancer and instigating anti-tumor immune responses, the accuracy of neoantigen prediction remains suboptimal. In this study, we identified neoantigens from the patient-derived breast cancer cells, PC-B-142CA and PC-B-148CA cells, utilizing whole-genome and RNA sequencing. The pVAC-Seq pipeline was employed, with minor modification incorporating criteria (1) binding affinity of mutant (MT) peptide with HLA (IC50 MT) ≤ 500 nm in 3 of 5 algorithms and (2) IC50 wild type (WT)/MT > 1. Sequencing results unveiled 2513 and 3490 somatic mutations, and 646 and 652 non-synonymous mutations in PC-B-142CA and PC-B-148CA, respectively. We selected the top 3 neoantigens to perform molecular dynamic simulation and synthesized 9-12 amino acid neoantigen peptides, which were then pulsed onto healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results demonstrated that T cells activated by ADGRL1E274K, PARP1E619K, and SEC14L2R43Q peptides identified from PC-B-142CA exhibited significantly increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), while PARP1E619K and SEC14L2R43Q peptides induced the expression of CD107a on T cells. The % tumor cell lysis was notably enhanced by T cells activated with MT peptides across all three healthy donors. Moreover, ALKBH6V83M and GAAI823T peptides from PC-B-148CA remarkably stimulated IFN-γ- and CD107a-positive T cells, displaying high cell-killing activity against target cancer cells. In summary, our findings underscore the successful identification of neoantigens with anti-tumor T cell functions and highlight the potential of personalized neoantigens as a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment.
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Grants
- R016341038 The Research and Innovation Grant, the National Research Council of Thailand, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation
- R016341038 The Research and Innovation Grant, the National Research Council of Thailand, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation
- R016334002 Siriraj Research Grant, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- R016334002 Siriraj Research Grant, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Mahidol University
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaporn Sueangoen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Harald Grove
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Research Group and Research Network Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nisa Chuangchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaturawitt Prasopsiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Sanachai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nitchakan Darai
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapat Suriyaphol
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Research Group and Research Network Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Doonyapat Sa-Nguanraksa
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Suri TM, Hadda V, Ali S, Chopra A, Khan MA, Singh J, Ghosh T, Mittal S, Tiwari P, Madan K, Mohan A, Guleria R. Association of Leukocyte Subpopulations Identified by Flow Cytometry with Outcomes of Sepsis in a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:125-135. [PMID: 37554063 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231193962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dysregulated host immune response in sepsis is orchestrated by peripheral blood leukocytes. This study explored the associations of the peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations with early clinical deterioration and mortality in sepsis. METHODS We performed a prospective observational single-center study enrolling adult subjects with sepsis within 48 h of hospital admission. Peripheral blood flow cytometry was performed for the patients at enrolment and after 5 days. The primary outcome was to explore the association between various leukocyte subpopulations at enrolment and early clinical deterioration [defined as an increase in the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score between enrolment and day 5, or death before day 5]. Other pre-specified outcomes explored associations of leukocyte subpopulations at enrolment and on day 5 with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 100 patients, including 47 with septic shock were enrolled. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 53.99 (14.93) years. Among them, 26 patients had early clinical deterioration, whereas 41 died during hospitalization. There was no significant association between the leukocyte subpopulations at enrolment and early clinical deterioration on day 5. On multivariate logistic regression, a reduced percentage of CD8 + CD25+ T-cells at enrolment was associated with in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR), 0.82 (0.70-0.97); p-value = 0.02]. A reduced lymphocyte percentage on day 5 was associated with in-hospital mortality [OR, 0.28 (0.11-0.69); p-value = 0.01]. In a post-hoc analysis, patients with "very early" deterioration within 48 h had an increased granulocyte CD64 median fluorescent intensity (MFI) [OR, 1.07 (1.01-1.14); p-value = 0.02] and a reduced granulocyte CD16 MFI [OR, 0.97 (0.95-1.00); p-value = 0.04] at enrolment. CONCLUSIONS None of the leukocyte subpopulations showed an association with early clinical deterioration at day 5. Impaired lymphocyte activation and lymphocytopenia indicative of adaptive immune dysfunction may be associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Menon Suri
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Hadda
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shadab Ali
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tamoghna Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pérez Del Río E, Román Alonso M, Rius I, Santos F, Castellote-Borrell M, Veciana J, Ratera I, Arribas J, Guasch J. Three-dimensional cell culture of chimeric antigen receptor T cells originated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells towards cellular therapies. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1293-1299. [PMID: 37737764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS With the objective of improving the ex vivo production of therapeutic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, we explored the addition of three-dimensional (3D) polystyrene scaffolds to standard suspension cell cultures. METHODS We aimed to mimic the structural support given by the lymph nodes during in vivo lymphocyte expansion. RESULTS We observed an increase in cell proliferation compared with standard suspension systems as well as an enhanced cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Moreover, we directly obtained the CAR T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, thus minimizing the ex vivo manipulation of the therapeutic cells and opening the way to synergies among different cell populations. CONCLUSIONS We propose the use of commercially available 3D polystyrene systems to improve the current immune cell cultures and resulting cell products for emerging cellular (immuno)therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pérez Del Río
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Román Alonso
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rius
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabião Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Castellote-Borrell
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Dynamic Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Judith Guasch
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Dynamic Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
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5
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Ni D, Tan J, Robert R, Taitz J, Ge A, Potier-Villette C, Reyes JGA, Spiteri A, Wishart C, Mackay C, Piccio L, King NJC, Macia L. GPR109A expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells affects thymic Treg development. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350521. [PMID: 37595951 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) maintain immune homeostasis due to their anti-inflammatory functions. They can be generated either centrally in the thymus or in peripheral organs. Metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal microbiota can induce peripheral Treg differentiation, by activating G-protein-coupled-receptors like GPR109A. In this study, we identified a novel role for GPR109A in thymic Treg development. We found that Gpr109a-/- mice had increased Treg under basal conditions in multiple organs compared with WT mice. GPR109A was not expressed on T cells but on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing in both mice and humans and confirmed by flow cytometry in mice. mTECs isolated from Gpr109a-/- mice had higher expression of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the key regulator of Treg development, while the subset of mTECs that did not express Gpr109a in the WT displayed increased Aire expression and also enhanced signaling related to mTEC functionality. Increased thymic Treg in Gpr109a-/- mice was associated with protection from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with ameliorated clinical signs and reduced inflammation. This work identifies a novel role for GPR109A and possibly the gut microbiota, on thymic Treg development via its regulation of mTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Remy Robert
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjie Ge
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camille Potier-Villette
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julen Gabirel Araneta Reyes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alanna Spiteri
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Wishart
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles Mackay
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Zhao H, Wu L, Dai J, Sun K, Zi Z, Guan J, Zhang L. Ligand-based adoptive T cell targeting CA125 in ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:596. [PMID: 37670338 PMCID: PMC10481596 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly aggressive gynecological malignancy prevalent worldwide. Most OC cases are typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which has led to a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 35% following conventional treatment. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has shown limited efficacy in the treatment of patients with OC, and CAR-T therapy has also demonstrated modest results owing to inadequate T cell infiltration. Therefore, novel strategies must be developed to enhance T cell persistence and trafficking within the OC tumor microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we developed a novel adoptive T-cell therapy for ovarian cancer based on a chimeric antigen receptor structure. We used a ligand-receptor binding motif to enhance the therapeutic effect of targeting CA125. Since mesothelin can naturally bind to CA125 with high affinity, we concatenated the core-binding fragment of mesothelin with the 4-1BB and CD3ζ signal fragments to assemble a novel CA125-targeting chimeric receptor (CR). The CAR structure targeting CA125 derived from the 4H11 antibody was also constructed. CR- and CAR-encoding RNA were electroporated into T cells to evaluate their antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS While CR-T or CAR-T cells exhibited moderate activity against two ovarian cancer cell lines, T cells co-expressing CR and CAR exhibited a superior killing effect compared to T cells expressing either CR or CAR alone. Furthermore, upon interaction with ovarian tumors, the ability of CR and CAR T cells to release activation markers and functional cytokines increased significantly. Similarly, CR and CAR co-expressing T cells persistently controlled the growth of transplanted ovarian cancer tumors in NSG mice and significantly prolonged the overall survival of tumor-challenged mice. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the survival and cytotoxicity of T cells co-expressing CR and CAR were significantly altered compared with those of T cells expressing either CR or CAR. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that CA125 targeting CR and CAR can synergistically kill ovarian cancer cells, indicating that CA125 targeting by the two binding motifs simultaneously in tumors may improve the therapeutic outcomes of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiemin Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenguo Zi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junhua Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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7
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Li W, Bai Z, Liu J, Tang Y, Yin C, Jin M, Mu L, Li X. Mitochondrial ROS-dependent CD4 +PD-1 +T cells are pathological expansion in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110597. [PMID: 37413931 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant-activated T cells, especially CD4+T cells, play a crucial part in the pathogenetic progress of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). PD-1-mediated signals play a negative part in the activation of CD4+T cells. However, knowledge is limited on the pathogenic characteristics and function of CD4+PD-1+T cells in ITP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequency and phenotype including cell activation, apoptosis, and cytokine production of CD4+PD-1+T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. PD-1 Ligation Assay was performed to assess the function of PD-1 pathway in CD4+T cells. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were detected by MitoSOX Red probe. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls (HC), the frequencies of CD4+PD-1+T cells were significantly increased in ITP patients. However, these cells are not exhausted despite PD-1 expression. Besides retaining cytokine-producing potential, these CD4+PD-1+T cells also had a possible B-cell helper function including expressing ICOS, CD84, and CD40L. Moreover, the CD4+PD-1+T cell subset contained higher levels of mitochondrial ROS than CD4+PD-1-T cell subset in patients with ITP. And mtROS inhibition could reduce the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines and regulate the function of CD4+PD-1+T cells. Upon in-vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation of CD4+T cells in the presence of plate-bound PD-L1 fusion protein (PD-L1-Ig), CD4+T cells from ITP patients appeared resistant to such PD-1-mediated inhibition of interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. CONCLUSIONS The CD4+PD-1+T cells were more abundant in patients with ITP. Additionally, this CD4+PD-1+T cell subset may be a potential etiology of ITP and a potential immune therapeutic target for ITP patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China; Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziran Bai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yawei Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunlai Yin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Minli Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijun Mu
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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8
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Meyiah A, Shawkat MY, Ur Rehman N, Al-Harrasi A, Elkord E. Effect of Boswellic acids on T cell proliferation and activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110668. [PMID: 37487264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acids have been recognized as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents with potentials to control autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their effects on T cell proliferation and activation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated effects of individual compounds including β-Boswellic acids (β-BA), 11-keto-β-Boswellic acid (β-KBA), 3-O-acetyl β-Boswellic acids (β-ABA), and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic acid (β-AKBA) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their potential role in modulating immune responses. We showed that β-BA, KBA, and AKBA at a 0.025 µM concentration significantly reduced T cell proliferation without inducing cytotoxicity, however, ABA showed cytotoxic effects at this concentration. β-BA and KBA showed significantly reduced T cell proliferation at 0.05 µM concentration without cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, we found that AKBA at 0.025 µM concentration significantly reduced CD25 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells without cytotoxic effects. Additionally, β-BA reduced CD25 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at 0.05 µM concentration with no cytotoxicity. In this study, we determined the optimum concentration of each of these compounds that have the potential to reduce T cell activation without cytotoxic effects. Our findings show that both β-BA and AKBA have the ability to inhibit T cell proliferation and activation without inducing cytotoxicity. Further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds in different autoimmune and inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Meyiah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Murtada Y Shawkat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Hur J, Kim H, Kim U, Kim GB, Kim J, Joo B, Cho D, Lee DS, Chung AJ. Genetically Stable and Scalable Nanoengineering of Human Primary T Cells via Cell Mechanoporation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7341-7349. [PMID: 37506062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Effective tumor regression has been observed with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells; however, the development of an affordable, safe, and effective CAR-T cell treatment remains a challenge. One of the major obstacles is that the suboptimal genetic modification of T cells reduces their yield and antitumor activity, necessitating the development of a next-generation T cell engineering approach. In this study, we developed a nonviral T cell nanoengineering system that allows highly efficient delivery of diverse functional nanomaterials into primary human T cells in a genetically stable and scalable manner. Our platform leverages the unique cell deformation and restoration process induced by the intrinsic inertial flow in a microchannel to create nanopores in the cellular membrane for macromolecule internalization, leading to effective transfection with high scalability and viability. The proposed approach demonstrates considerable potential as a practical alternative technique for improving the current CAR-T cell manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsoo Hur
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- MxT Biotech, Seoul 04785, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Duck Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- MxT Biotech, Seoul 04785, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lan Y, Yuan S, Guo T, Hou S, Zhao F, Yang W, Cao Y, Chu Y, Jiang E, Yuan W, Wang X. R274X-mutated Phf6 increased the self-renewal and skewed T cell differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106817. [PMID: 37288345 PMCID: PMC10241978 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The PHD finger protein 6 (PHF6) mutations frequently occurred in hematopoietic malignancies. Although the R274X mutation in PHF6 (PHF6R274X) is one of the most common mutations identified in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, the specific role of PHF6R274X in hematopoiesis remains unexplored. Here, we engineered a knock-in mouse line with conditional expression of Phf6R274X-mutated protein in the hematopoietic system (Phf6R274X mouse). The Phf6R274X mice displayed an enlargement of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compartment and increased proportion of T cells in bone marrow. More Phf6R274X T cells were in activated status than control. Moreover, Phf6R274X mutation led to enhanced self-renewal and biased T cells differentiation of HSCs as assessed by competitive transplantation assays. RNA-sequencing analysis confirmed that Phf6R274X mutation altered the expression of key genes involved in HSC self-renewal and T cell activation. Our study demonstrated that Phf6R274X plays a critical role in fine-tuning T cells and HSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shengnan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tengxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Shuaibing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Wanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yigeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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11
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Fan S, Wang T, You F, Zhang T, Li Y, Ji C, Han Z, Sheng B, Zhai X, An G, Meng H, Yang L. B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell shows potential for targeted treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:129. [PMID: 36941687 PMCID: PMC10026503 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a novel type of immunotherapy. However, the use of CAR-T cells to treat acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has limitations. B7-H3 is expressed in several malignancies, including some types of AML cells. However, its expression in normal tissues is low. Therefore, B7-H3 is ideal for targeted AML therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we constructed B7-H3 CAR that can target B7-H3, and then constructed B7-H3-CAR-T cells in vitro, which were co-incubated with six AML cell lines expressing different levels of B7-H3, respectively. The toxicity and cytokines were detected by flow cytometry. In vivo, AML model was established in B-NSG mice to study the toxicity of B7-H3-CAR T on AML cells. RESULTS In vitro functional tests showed that B7-H3-CAR-T cells were cytotoxic to B7-H3-positive AML tumor cells and had good scavenging effect on B7-H3-expressing AML cell lines, and the cytokine results were consistent. In vivo, B7-H3-CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor cell growth in a mouse model of AML, prolonging mouse survival compared with controls. CONCLUSION B7-H3-CAR-T cells may serve as a novel therapeutic method for the targeted treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Fan
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengtao You
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yafen Li
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Han
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binjie Sheng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhai
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gangli An
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Meng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Chen J, Xu J, Niu Y, Yao L, Liu X, Chen H, Chen S, Wu M, Yu X, Xu P. The elevated expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells correlates with disease severity of pulmonary TB. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106089. [PMID: 37004963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) plays an important role in regulating T-cell responses and inducing peripheral tolerance. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between LAG-3 and active tuberculosis (ATB) and the impact of LAG-3 blockade on CD8+T cells. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of LAG-3 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ATB patients and to explore the relationship between LAG-3 and ATB. RESULTS The expression of LAG-3 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells in ATB patients was increased (P < 0.001), and CD8+T cells with high expression of LAG-3 were associated with sputum culture results (P < 0.05). We further analyzed the relationship between the expression of LAG-3 in CD8+T cells and the severity of tuberculosis and found that the expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells in smear-positive tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in sputum smear-negative tuberculosis patients (P < 0.05). LAG-3 expression on CD8+T cells was negatively correlated with the presence of lung lesions (P < 0.05). After stimulation with a tuberculosis-specific antigen, the expression of LAG-3 on tuberculosis-specific CD8+T cells was also upregulated, and LAG-3-expressing CD8+T cells showed reduced production of IFN-γ, decreased activation, and lower proliferation, while the function of CD8+T cells was restored when LAG-3 signaling was blocked. CONCLUSIONS This study further explored the relationship between immune exhaustion caused by LAG-3 and immune escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and revealed that the elevated expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells correlates with functional defects of CD8+T cells and the severity of pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- The Affiliation Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
| | - Junchi Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yayan Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuanmiao Liu
- The Affiliation Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- The Affiliation Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, China.
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13
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Roos EO, Mwangi WN, Gerner W, Waters R, Hammond JA. OMIP-089: Cattle T-cell phenotyping by an 8-color panel. Cytometry A 2023; 103:279-282. [PMID: 36734489 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This multiplex staining panel was developed to differentiate cattle T cells into conventional (CD4 and CD8) and unconventional (γδ-TCR) subsets as well as their stage of differentiation and activation. The combination of CD45RO and CD62L allows the identification of naïve (TNaïve ), central memory (TCM ), effector memory (TEM ) and terminal effector (TTE ) T cells. Activated cattle T cells (TAV ) can be identified by the cell surface expression of CD25. This panel was developed using cryopreserved cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tested on fresh as well as stimulated PBMCs. Therefore, this 8-color, 10-parameter flow cytometry panel simultaneously identifies cattle TNaïve , TAV , TCM , TEM , TTE and γδ-TCR cells. This panel will improve our ability to examine T-cell response to pathogens and vaccines in cattle including the potential to identify previously undescribed subpopulations. Furthermore, this panel can be readily optimized for other bovid species as many of these reagents are likely to cross react.
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14
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Berdecka D, Harizaj A, Goemaere I, Punj D, Goetgeluk G, De Munter S, De Keersmaecker H, Boterberg V, Dubruel P, Vandekerckhove B, De Smedt SC, De Vos WH, Braeckmans K. Delivery of macromolecules in unstimulated T cells by photoporation with polydopamine nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 354:680-693. [PMID: 36681281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo modification of T cells with exogenous cargo is a common prerequisite for the development of T cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor therapy. Despite the clinical success and FDA approval of several such products, T cell manufacturing presents unique challenges related to therapeutic efficacy after adoptive cell transfer and several drawbacks of viral transduction-based manufacturing, such as high cost and safety concerns. To generate cellular products with optimal potency, engraftment potential and persistence in vivo, recent studies have shown that minimally differentiated T cell phenotypes are preferred. However, genetic engineering of quiescent T cells remains challenging. Photoporation is an upcoming alternative non-viral transfection method which makes use of photothermal nanoparticles, such as polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs), to induce transient membrane permeabilization by distinct photothermal effects upon laser irradiation, allowing exogenous molecules to enter cells. In this study, we analyzed the capability of PDNP-photoporation to deliver large model macromolecules (FITC-dextran 500 kDa, FD500) in unstimulated and expanded human T cells. We compared different sizes of PDNPs (150, 250 and 400 nm), concentrations of PDNPs and laser fluences and found an optimal condition that generated high delivery yields of FD500 in both T cell phenotypes. A multiparametric analysis of cell proliferation, surface activation markers and cytokine production, revealed that unstimulated T cells photoporated with 150 nm and 250 nm PDNPs retained their propensity to become activated, whereas those photoporated with 400 nm PDNPs did less. Our findings show that PDNP-photoporation is a promising strategy for transfection of quiescent T cells, but that PDNPs should be small enough to avoid excessive cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berdecka
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilia Goemaere
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Deep Punj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Boterberg
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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A new approach to the study of Hodgkin lymphoma by flow cytometry. Pathology 2023; 55:86-93. [PMID: 36137774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) appears to originate from germinal centre B cells but lacks expression of most B cell markers. In contrast to non-Hodgkin B lymphomas, HL is not routinely diagnosed using flow cytometry techniques, and diagnosis is mainly based on immunohistochemical and cytomorphological pathology studies. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are large and fragile, making them difficult to study by flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to characterise the CD71 expression pattern on CD4+ T cells from HL patients and to design a simple flow cytometry algorithm to complement the histopathological diagnosis of HL. The present study suggests the utility of a conventional staining protocol with a simple panel of seven markers (CD15, CD30, CD4, CD8, CD71, CD3, and CD45) and a well-defined analysis strategy. The proposed algorithm uses the CD71 ratio (calculated as the percentage of CD71+ CD4+ T cells divided by the percentage of CD71+ CD45+ CD3- lymphocytes), with a cut-off of 0.5 to establish diagnosis groups as suggestive (≥0.5) or not suggestive (<0.5) of HL. In HL, CD71 expression is higher on CD4+ T lymphocytes than on non-T lymphocytes. In addition, the CD4+ T cell population is increased in HL patients, with no change in amounts of CD8+ T cells. Application of the CD71 ratio algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 87%, with 84.61% of patients correctly diagnosed. Although histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive HL diagnosis, the proposed flow cytometry method provides a rapid method to guide the study that would allow a more robust and integrated diagnosis. Moreover, the procedure is easily applicable in most clinical laboratories as it does not require state-of-the-art cytometers and uses standard reagents.
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16
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Ganesan N, Ronsmans S, Hoet P. Methods to Assess Proliferation of Stimulated Human Lymphocytes In Vitro: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030386. [PMID: 36766728 PMCID: PMC9913443 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to monitor lymphocyte responses is critical for developing our understanding of the immune response in humans. In the current clinical setting, relying on the metabolic incorporation of [3H] thymidine into cellular DNA via a lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) is the only method that is routinely performed to determine cell proliferation. However, techniques that measure DNA synthesis with a radioactive material such as [3H] thymidine are intrinsically more sensitive to the different stages of the cell cycle, which could lead to over-analyses and the subsequent inaccurate interpretation of the information provided. With cell proliferation assays, the output should preferably provide a direct and accurate measurement of the number of actively dividing cells, regardless of the stimuli properties or length of exposure. In fact, an ideal technique should have the capacity to measure lymphocyte responses on both a quantitative level, i.e., cumulative magnitude of lymphoproliferative response, and a qualitative level, i.e., phenotypical and functional characterization of stimulated immune cells. There are many LPT alternatives currently available to measure various aspects of cell proliferation. Of the nine techniques discussed, we noted that the majority of these LPT alternatives measure lymphocyte proliferation using flow cytometry. Across some of these alternatives, the covalent labelling of cells with a high fluorescence intensity and low variance with minimal cell toxicity while maximizing the number of detectable cell divisions or magnitude of proliferation was achieved. Herein, we review the performance of these different LPT alternatives and address their compatibility with the [3H] thymidine LPT so as to identify the "best" alternative to the [3H] thymidine LPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha Ganesan
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment & Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Ronsmans
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment & Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinic for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment & Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) modify in vitro mitogen- and antigen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:715-737. [PMID: 35611390 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2075816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are present in human serum at the highest concentration among all per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Serum concentrations as high as 500 ng and 3000 ng PFOA/ml have been detected in individuals living near contamination sites and those occupationally exposed, respectively. Animal and human studies indicated that PFOA and PFOS at these serum concentrations perturb the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to 1, 10, or 100 µM PFOA or PFOS in a medium with serum (RPMI-1640 + 5% human AB serum) on the measurement of proliferation, T cell activation, generation of memory T cells, and cytokine production/secretion. In addition, these immune system parameters were assessed for PBMC in a serum-free medium (OpSFM), which was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (2.5 µg/ml) or influenza vaccine antigen (0.625 µg/ml Flu Ag). PFOS decreased proliferation stimulated by PHA or Flu Ag. With Flu Ag stimulation, PFOA and PFOS inhibited the generation of memory T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In OpSFM, PFOA and PFOS produced no marked change in proliferation and no inhibition of T cell activation. Cytokines measured in the media with Luminex methodology indicated decreased PBMC secretion of IFN-γ by PFOA and PFOS in medium with serum, but no alteration in OpSFM. The results indicated that changes in immune parameters due to PFOA or PFOS following Flu Ag stimulation are medium (±serum) dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Lawrence
- Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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18
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Zielke C, Gutierrez Ramirez AJ, Voss K, Ryan MS, Gholizadeh A, Rathmell JC, Abbyad P. Droplet Microfluidic Technology for the Early and Label-Free Isolation of Highly-Glycolytic, Activated T-Cells. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1442. [PMID: 36144067 PMCID: PMC9503730 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A label-free, fixation-free and passive sorting method is presented to isolate activated T-cells shortly after activation and prior to the display of activation surface markers. It uses a recently developed sorting platform dubbed "Sorting by Interfacial Tension" (SIFT) that sorts droplets based on pH. After polyclonal (anti-CD3/CD28 bead) activation and a brief incubation on chip, droplets containing activated T-cells display a lower pH than those containing naive cells due to increased glycolysis. Under specific surfactant conditions, a change in pH can lead to a concurrent increase in droplet interfacial tension. The isolation of activated T-cells on chip is hence achieved as flattened droplets are displaced as they encounter a micro-fabricated trench oriented diagonally with respect to the direction of flow. This technique leads to an enrichment of activated primary CD4+ T-cells to over 95% from an initial mixed population of naive cells and cells activated for as little as 15 min. Moreover, since the pH change is correlated to successful activation, the technique allows the isolation of T-cells with the earliest activation and highest glycolysis, an important feature for the testing of T-cell activation modulators and to determine regulators and predictors of differentiation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zielke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | | | - Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maya S. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Azam Gholizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paul Abbyad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
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19
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Burke PEP, Strange A, Monk E, Thompson B, Amato CM, Woods DM. PhenoComb: a discovery tool to assess complex phenotypes in high-dimensional single-cell datasets. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2022; 2:vbac052. [PMID: 36699375 PMCID: PMC9710698 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Motivation High-dimensional cytometry assays can simultaneously measure dozens of markers, enabling the investigation of complex phenotypes. However, as manual gating relies on previous biological knowledge, few marker combinations are often assessed. This results in complex phenotypes with the potential for biological relevance being overlooked. Here, we present PhenoComb, an R package that allows agnostic exploration of phenotypes by assessing all combinations of markers. PhenoComb uses signal intensity thresholds to assign markers to discrete states (e.g. negative, low, high) and then counts the number of cells per sample from all possible marker combinations in a memory-safe manner. Time and disk space are the only constraints on the number of markers evaluated. PhenoComb also provides several approaches to perform statistical comparisons, evaluate the relevance of phenotypes and assess the independence of identified phenotypes. PhenoComb allows users to guide analysis by adjusting several function arguments, such as identifying parent populations of interest, filtering of low-frequency populations and defining a maximum complexity of phenotypes to evaluate. We have designed PhenoComb to be compatible with a local computer or server-based use. Results In testing of PhenoComb's performance on synthetic datasets, computation on 16 markers was completed in the scale of minutes and up to 26 markers in hours. We applied PhenoComb to two publicly available datasets: an HIV flow cytometry dataset (12 markers and 421 samples) and the COVIDome CyTOF dataset (40 markers and 99 samples). In the HIV dataset, PhenoComb identified immune phenotypes associated with HIV seroconversion, including those highlighted in the original publication. In the COVID dataset, we identified several immune phenotypes with altered frequencies in infected individuals relative to healthy individuals. Collectively, PhenoComb represents a powerful discovery tool for agnostically assessing high-dimensional single-cell data. Availability and implementation The PhenoComb R package can be downloaded from https://github.com/SciOmicsLab/PhenoComb. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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20
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Cheng EL, Cardle II, Kacherovsky N, Bansia H, Wang T, Zhou Y, Raman J, Yen A, Gutierrez D, Salipante SJ, des Georges A, Jensen MC, Pun SH. Discovery of a Transferrin Receptor 1-Binding Aptamer and Its Application in Cancer Cell Depletion for Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Manufacturing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13851-13864. [PMID: 35875870 PMCID: PMC10024945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells includes cell selection, activation, gene transduction, and expansion. While the method of T-cell selection varies across companies, current methods do not actively eliminate the cancer cells in the patient's apheresis product from the healthy immune cells. Alarmingly, it has been found that transduction of a single leukemic B cell with the CAR gene can confer resistance to CAR T-cell therapy and lead to treatment failure. In this study, we report the identification of a novel high-affinity DNA aptamer, termed tJBA8.1, that binds transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), a receptor broadly upregulated by cancer cells. Using competition assays, high resolution cryo-EM, and de novo model building of the aptamer into the resulting electron density, we reveal that tJBA8.1 shares a binding site on TfR1 with holo-transferrin, the natural ligand of TfR1. We use tJBA8.1 to effectively deplete B lymphoma cells spiked into peripheral blood mononuclear cells with minimal impact on the healthy immune cell composition. Lastly, we present opportunities for affinity improvement of tJBA8.1. As TfR1 expression is broadly upregulated in many cancers, including difficult-to-treat T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, our work provides a facile, universal, and inexpensive approach for comprehensively removing cancerous cells from patient apheresis products for safe manufacturing of adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline L Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Ian I Cardle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States.,Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Nataly Kacherovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Harsh Bansia
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Nanoscience Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Yunshi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Jai Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Dominique Gutierrez
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stephen J Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7110, United States
| | - Amédée des Georges
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Michael C Jensen
- Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States.,Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
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21
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Kratzer B, Schlax LC, Gattinger P, Waidhofer‐Söllner P, Trapin D, Tauber PA, Sehgal ANA, Körmöczi U, Rottal A, Feichter M, Oberhofer T, Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer K, Borochova K, Dorofeeva Y, Tulaeva I, Weber M, Mühl B, Kropfmüller A, Negrin B, Kundi M, Valenta R, Pickl WF. Combined assessment of S- and N-specific IL-2 and IL-13 secretion and CD69 neo-expression for discrimination of post-infection and post-vaccination cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response. Allergy 2022; 77:3408-3425. [PMID: 35690994 PMCID: PMC9348018 DOI: 10.1111/all.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-based tests are available for measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses but fast T-cell assays remain scarce. Robust T cell-based tests are needed to differentiate specific cellular immune responses after infection from those after vaccination. METHODS One hundred seventeen individuals (COVID-19 convalescent patients: n = 40; SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees: n = 41; healthy controls: n = 36) were evaluated for SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses (proliferation, Th1, Th2, Th17, and inflammatory cytokines, activation-induced marker [AIM] expression) by incubating purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or whole blood (WB) with SARS-CoV-2 peptides (S, N, or M), vaccine antigens (tetanus toxoid, tick borne encephalitis virus) or polyclonal stimuli (Staphylococcal enterotoxin, phytohemagglutinin). RESULTS N-peptide mix stimulation of WB identified the combination of IL-2 and IL-13 secretion as superior to IFN-γ secretion to discriminate between COVID-19-convalescent patients and healthy controls (p < .0001). Comparable results were obtained with M- or S-peptides, the latter almost comparably recalled IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-13 responses in WB of vaccinees. Analysis 10 months as opposed to 10 weeks after COVID-19, but not allergic disease status, positively correlated with IL-13 recall responses. WB cytokine responses correlated with cytokine and proliferation responses of PBMC. Antigen-induced neo-expression of the C-type lectin CD69 on CD4+ (p < .0001) and CD8+ (p = .0002) T cells informed best about the SARS-CoV-2 exposure status with additional benefit coming from CD25 upregulation. CONCLUSION Along with N- and S-peptide-induced IL-2 and CD69 neo-expression, we suggest to include the type 2 cytokine IL-13 as T-cellular recall marker for SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cellular immune responses after infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kratzer
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Larissa C. Schlax
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchViennaAustria
| | - Petra Waidhofer‐Söllner
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Peter A. Tauber
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Ulrike Körmöczi
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Arno Rottal
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Melanie Feichter
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | - Teresa Oberhofer
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria
| | | | - Kristina Borochova
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchViennaAustria
| | - Yulia Dorofeeva
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchViennaAustria
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchViennaAustria,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyLaboratory for ImmunopathologyMoscowRussia
| | - Milena Weber
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Bettina Negrin
- Österreichische Gesundheitskasse, Klinikum PeterhofBadenAustria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Public HealthDepartment for Environmental HealthViennaAustria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchViennaAustria,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyLaboratory for ImmunopathologyMoscowRussia,NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussia,Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Medical University of ViennaCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of ImmunologyViennaAustria,Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
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22
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Eikmans M, van der Keur C, Anholts JDH, Drabbels JJM, van Beelen E, de Sousa Lopes SMC, van der Hoorn ML. Primary Trophoblast Cultures: Characterization of HLA Profiles and Immune Cell Interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814019. [PMID: 35634345 PMCID: PMC9136060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblasts are essential in fetal-maternal interaction during pregnancy. The goal was to study HLA profiles of primary trophoblasts derived from placentas, and to investigate their usefulness in studying interaction with immune cells. Methods After enzymatic digestion of first-trimester placental tissue from seven donors (6-9 weeks gestation) and trophoblast enrichment we cultured cytotrophoblasts (CTB) in stem cell medium. CTB were differentiated into EVT in a Matrigel-containing medium. A subset of CTB/EVT was profiled for microRNA levels. Expression of classical HLA molecules and of HLA-G was studied by flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISA. Secondary trophoblast cell lines JAR and JEG-3 were studied as controls. Lymphocytes were investigated during co-culturing with EVT. Results The trophoblasts could be easily maintained for several passages, upregulated classical trophoblast markers (GATA3, TFAP2C, chromosome-19 microRNAs), and upon differentiation to EVT they were selective in expressing HLA-C. EVT showed increasing expression of total HLA-G, an increasing proportion of HLA-G1 over G2- and G3 isoforms, and elevated excretion of soluble HLA-G. These features were distinct from those of the secondary trophoblast cell lines. TNF-α and IL-8 represented the most abundantly secreted cytokines by CTB, but their levels were minimal in EVT cultures. As proof of principle, we showed that EVT affect lymphocytes in three-day co-cultures (n=4) by decreasing activation marker HLA-DR. Conclusion We verified the possibility culturing trophoblasts from first-term placentas, and their capability of differentiating to HLA-G expressing EVT. This culture model better represents the in-vivo situation than previously studied secondary trophoblast cell lines and enables mechanistic studies of fetal-maternal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Michael Eikmans,
| | - Carin van der Keur
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jos J. M. Drabbels
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Els van Beelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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23
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Freeborn RA, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Gardner EM, Rockwell CE. Trivalent arsenic impairs the effector response of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to influenza A virus ex vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Chanda MK, Shudde CE, Piper TL, Zheng Y, Courtney AH. Combined analysis of T cell activation and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by imaging cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2022; 506:113290. [PMID: 35644255 PMCID: PMC9202232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer have spurred the development of new drugs that seek to harness the ability of T cells to recognize and kill malignant cells. There is a substantial need to evaluate how these experimental drugs influence T cell functional outputs in co-culture systems that contain cancerous cells. We describe an imaging cytometry-based platform that can simultaneously quantify activated T cells and the capacity of these T cells to kill cancer cells. Our platform was developed using the Nur77-GFP reporter system because GFP expression provides a direct readout of T cell activation that is induced by T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. We combined the Nur77-GFP reporter system with a cancer cell line that displays a TCR-specific antigen and evaluated the relationship between T cell activation and cancer cell death. We demonstrate that imaging cytometry can be used to quantify the number of activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and the capacity of these CTLs to recognize and kill adherent MC38 cancer cells. We tested whether this platform could evaluate heterogenous lymphocyte populations by quantifying the proportion of antigen-specific activated T cells in co-cultures that contain unresponsive lymphocytes. The effects of a SRC family kinase inhibitor on CTL activation and MC38 cell death were also determined. Our findings demonstrate that the Nur77-GFP reporter system can be used to evaluate the effects of diverse treatment conditions on T cell-cancer co-cultures in a microtiter plate-based format by imaging cytometry. We anticipate the combined analysis of T cell activation with T cell-mediated cancer cell death can be used to rapidly assess immuno-oncology drug candidates and T cell-based therapeutics.
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25
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A Novel Approach for Fast Screening of a Complex Cyanobacterial Extract for Immunomodulatory Properties and Antibacterial Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous cyanobacteria from genus Phormidium are rich natural sources of bioactive compounds that could be exploited as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals. In this study, we suggest a novel approach for assessing the immunomodulatory properties of the products derived from cyanobacteria. The influence of Phormidium papyraceum extract on the human leukocyte immunophenotype was evaluated by attempting to link this activity to certain putative compounds identified in the extract. By using three staining panels and flow cytometry, we found that the cyanobacterial extract affected mainly CD4+ T cells upregulating activated CD4+CD152+ T cells (15.75 ± 1.93% treated vs. 4.65 ± 1.41% control) and regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells (5.36 ± 0.64% treated vs. 1.03 ± 0.08% control). Furthermore, P. papyraceum extract can modulate T cell subpopulations with a CD4+ effector/memory phenotype. Extract-treated cells showed increased production of IL-2 (55 ± 12 pg/mL) and IL-6 (493 ± 64 pg/mL) compared to the untreated, 21 ± 7 pg/mL and 250 ± 39 pg/mL, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the secretion of TNF-α. In addition, P. papyraceum extract displayed antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (inhibition zone from 18.25 ± 0.50 mm to 20.28 ± 1.50 mm) and Gram-positive (inhibition zone from 10.86 ± 0.85 mm to 17.00 ± 0.82 mm) bacteria. The chemical profile of the cyanobacterial extract was determined using LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis, where at least 112 putative compounds were detected. Many of these compounds have proven different biological activities. We speculated that compounds such as betulin and the macrolide azithromycin (or their analogues) could be responsible for the immunomodulatory potential of the investigated extract. More studies are needed to determine and validate the biological activities of the determined putative compounds.
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26
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Anti-inflammatory effects of an autologous gold-based serum therapy in osteoarthritis patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3560. [PMID: 35241691 PMCID: PMC8894375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) involves activation and recruitment of immune cells to affected joints, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, a gold-based autologous serum therapy is investigated for its effect on peripheral blood cell composition and cytokine levels in OA patients. From six OA patients serum and blood samples were collected before and after second therapy treatment for analysis of peripheral blood cell composition as well as cytokine levels compared to control samples. This therapy significantly downregulates CD4+ T cells and B cells in OA patients after second treatment compared to healthy controls. Monocytes are significantly upregulated in patients after second treatment Serum IL-9 and TNF-α levels are downregulated in patients after second treatment compared to healthy control serum. The activation status of immune cells was modulated after therapy in patients. Anti-inflammatory effects of the peripheral blood cell composition in OA patients can be seen after therapy treatment. After two treatments IL-9 and TNF-α are significantly downregulated in patient serum. Here, primary data of a new autologous therapy for OA treatment and its modulatory effects on cytokines are presented.
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27
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Kim ML, Hardy MY, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Ramarathinam SH, Chung SZ, Russell AK, Currie I, Sleebs BE, Purcell AW, Tye-Din JA, Wicks IP. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits the mitochondrial antioxidant system in activated T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103509. [PMID: 34934928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has long been used to treat autoimmune diseases, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In CD4 T-cells, we found that a clinically relevant concentration of HCQ inhibited the mitochondrial antioxidant system triggered by TCR crosslinking, leading to increased mitochondrial superoxide, impaired activation-induced autophagic flux, and reduced proliferation of CD4 T-cells. In antigen-presenting cells, HCQ also reduced constitutive activation of the endo-lysosomal protease legumain and toll-like receptor 9, thereby reducing cytokine production, but it had little apparent impact on constitutive antigen processing and peptide presentation. HCQ's effects did not require endo-lysosomal pH change, nor impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We explored the clinical relevance of these findings in patients with celiac disease-a prototypic CD4 T-cell-mediated disease-and found that HCQ limits ex vivo antigen-specific T cell responses. We report a T-cell-intrinsic immunomodulatory effect from HCQ and suggest potential re-purposing of HCQ for celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lyang Kim
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melinda Y Hardy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sri H Ramarathinam
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shan Zou Chung
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Amy K Russell
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Iain Currie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Yao L, Cheng Y, Wu H, Ghonaim AH, Fan S, Li W, He Q. The construction and immunogenicity analyses of a recombinant pseudorabies virus with porcine circovirus type 3 capsid protein co-expression. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109283. [PMID: 34902738 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) and pseudorabies (PR) are highly contagious and economically significant diseases of swine in China. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging swine pathogen of PCVAD. Currently, no PCV3 vaccine is commercially available, and the epidemic caused by it is still spreading worldwide. In this study, we used the PRV variant strain HNX as the parental virus to construct recombinant PRV with TK/gE gene deletion and capsid (Cap) protein co-expression, named HNX-ΔTK/ΔgE-ORF2. The results revealed that PCV3 Cap protein can be detected in HNX-ΔTK/ΔgE-ORF2-infected PK-15 cells by both western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Vaccination with HNX-ΔTK/ΔgE-ORF2 did not cause pruritus, ruffled fur, systemic infection, or inflammation (without high expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma). Furthermore, HNX-ΔTK/ΔgE-ORF2 immunization induced an anti-Cap specific antibody, activated a PRV-specific cellular immune response, and provided 100 % protection to mice against the challenge of the virulent HNX strain. Thus, HNX-ΔTK/ΔgE-ORF2 appears to be a promising vaccine candidate against PRV and PCV3 for the control of the PRV variant and PCV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yufang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ahmed H Ghonaim
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | - Shengxian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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29
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Mimitou EP, Lareau CA, Chen KY, Zorzetto-Fernandes AL, Hao Y, Takeshima Y, Luo W, Huang TS, Yeung BZ, Papalexi E, Thakore PI, Kibayashi T, Wing JB, Hata M, Satija R, Nazor KL, Sakaguchi S, Ludwig LS, Sankaran VG, Regev A, Smibert P. Scalable, multimodal profiling of chromatin accessibility, gene expression and protein levels in single cells. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1246-1258. [PMID: 34083792 PMCID: PMC8763625 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have enabled massively parallel chromatin profiling with scATAC-seq (single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin by sequencing). Here we present ATAC with select antigen profiling by sequencing (ASAP-seq), a tool to simultaneously profile accessible chromatin and protein levels. Our approach pairs sparse scATAC-seq data with robust detection of hundreds of cell surface and intracellular protein markers and optional capture of mitochondrial DNA for clonal tracking, capturing three distinct modalities in single cells. ASAP-seq uses a bridging approach that repurposes antibody:oligonucleotide conjugates designed for existing technologies that pair protein measurements with single-cell RNA sequencing. Together with DOGMA-seq, an adaptation of CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing) for measuring gene activity across the central dogma of gene regulation, we demonstrate the utility of systematic multi-omic profiling by revealing coordinated and distinct changes in chromatin, RNA and surface proteins during native hematopoietic differentiation and peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation and as a combinatorial decoder and reporter of multiplexed perturbations in primary T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Mimitou
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology / Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelvin Y Chen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yuhan Hao
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yusuke Takeshima
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wendy Luo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology / Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Efthymia Papalexi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tatsuya Kibayashi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - James Badger Wing
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Immunology), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayu Hata
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology / Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology / Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Biology and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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The role of iron homeostasis in remodeling immune function and regulating inflammatory disease. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1806-1816. [PMID: 36654387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The essential trace element iron regulates a wide range of biological processes in virtually all living organisms. Because both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to various pathological conditions, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated, and understanding this complex process will help pave the way to developing new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disease. In recent years, significant progress has been made with respect to elucidating the roles of iron and iron-related genes in the development and maintenance of the immune system. Here, we review the timing and mechanisms by which systemic and cellular iron metabolism are regulated during the inflammatory response and during infectious disease, processes in which both the host and the pathogen compete for iron. We also discuss the evidence and implications that immune cells such as macrophages, T cells, and B cells require sufficient amounts of iron for their proliferation and for mediating their effector functions, in which iron serves as a co-factor in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, mitochondrial respiration, posttranslational regulation, and epigenetic modification. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting ferroptosis, iron homeostasis and/or iron metabolism with respect to conferring protection against pathogen infection, controlling inflammation, and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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31
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Li G, Kolan SS, Guo S, Marciniak K, Kolan P, Malachin G, Grimolizzi F, Haraldsen G, Skålhegg BS. Activated, Pro-Inflammatory Th1, Th17, and Memory CD4+ T Cells and B Cells Are Involved in Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Arthritis (DTHA) Inflammation and Paw Swelling in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689057. [PMID: 34408746 PMCID: PMC8365304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis (DTHA) is a recently established experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice with pharmacological values. Despite an indispensable role of CD4+ T cells in inducing DTHA, a potential role for CD4+ T cell subsets is lacking. Here we have quantified CD4+ subsets during DTHA development and found that levels of activated, pro-inflammatory Th1, Th17, and memory CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes were increased with differential dynamic patterns after DTHA induction. Moreover, according to B-cell depletion experiments, it has been suggested that this cell type is not involved in DTHA. We show that DTHA is associated with increased levels of B cells in draining lymph nodes accompanied by increased levels of circulating IgG. Finally, using the anti-rheumatoid agents, methotrexate (MTX) and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DEX), we show that MTX and DEX differentially suppressed DTHA-induced paw swelling and inflammation. The effects of MTX and DEX coincided with differential regulation of levels of Th1, Th17, and memory T cells as well as B cells. Our results implicate Th1, Th17, and memory T cells, together with activated B cells, to be involved and required for DTHA-induced paw swelling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Marciniak
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pratibha Kolan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giulia Malachin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Franco Grimolizzi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Mansour A, Decouture B, Roussel M, Lefevre C, Skreko L, Picard V, Ouattara A, Bachelot-Loza C, Gaussem P, Nesseler N, Gouin-Thibault I. Combined Platelet and Erythrocyte Salvage: Evaluation of a New Filtration-based Autotransfusion Device. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:246-257. [PMID: 33984126 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SAME device (i-SEP, France) is an innovative filtration-based autotransfusion device able to salvage and wash both red blood cells and platelets. This study evaluated the device performances using human whole blood with the hypothesis that the device will be able to salvage platelets while achieving a erythrocyte yield of 80% and removal ratios of 90% for heparin and 80% for major plasma proteins without inducing signification activation of salvaged cells. METHODS Thirty healthy human whole blood units (median volume, 478 ml) were diluted, heparinized, and processed by the device in two consecutive treatment cycles. Samples from the collection reservoir and the concentrated blood were analyzed. Complete blood count was performed to measure blood cell recovery rates. Flow cytometry evaluated the activation state and function of platelets and leukocytes. Heparin and plasma proteins were measured to assess washing performance. RESULTS The global erythrocyte yield was 88.1% (84.1 to 91.1%; median [25th to 75th]) with posttreatment hematocrits of 48.9% (44.8 to 51.4%) and 51.4% (48.4 to 53.2%) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Ektacytometry did not show evidence of erythrocyte alteration. Platelet recovery was 36.8% (26.3 to 43.4%), with posttreatment counts of 88 × 109/l (73 to 101 × 109/l) and 115 × 109/l (95 to 135 × 109/l) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Recovered platelets showed a low basal P-selectin expression at 10.8% (8.1 to 15.2%) and a strong response to thrombin-activating peptide. Leukocyte yield was 93.0% (90.1 to 95.7%) with no activation or cell death. Global removal ratios were 98.3% (97.8 to 98.9%), 98.2% (96.9 to 98.8%), and 88.3% (86.6 to 90.7%) for heparin, albumin, and fibrinogen, respectively. The processing times were 4.4 min (4.2 to 4.6 min) and 4.4 min (4.2 to 4.7 min) for the first and second cycles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the performance of the SAME device. Platelets and red blood cells were salvaged without significant impact on cell integrity and function. In the meantime, leukocytes were not activated, and the washing quality of the device prevented reinfusion of high concentrations of heparin and plasma proteins. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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33
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Cochran AM, Kornbluth J. Extracellular Vesicles From the Human Natural Killer Cell Line NK3.3 Have Broad and Potent Anti-Tumor Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698639. [PMID: 34368150 PMCID: PMC8343581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of immune function, responsible for rapid destruction of tumor cells. They kill primarily through the release of granules containing potent cytolytic molecules. NK cells also release these molecules within membrane-bound exosomes and microvesicles - collectively known as extracellular vesicles (EV). Here we report the characterization and anti-tumor function of EVs isolated from NK3.3 cells, a well described clonal normal human NK cell line. We show that NK3.3 EVs contain the cytolytic molecules perforin, granzymes A and B, and granulysin, and an array of common EV proteins. We previously reported that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, natural killer lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM), is localized to NK granules and is essential for maximal NK killing; here we show it is present in the membrane of NK3.3 EVs. NK3.3-derived EVs also carry multiple RNA species, including miRNAs associated with anti-tumor activity. We demonstrate that NK3.3 EVs inhibit proliferation and induce caspase-mediated apoptosis and cell death of an array of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tumor cell lines. This effect is tumor cell specific; normal cells are unaffected by EV treatment. By virtue of their derivation from a healthy donor and ability to be expanded to large numbers, NK3.3 EVs have the potential to be an effective, safe, and universal immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson M. Cochran
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jacki Kornbluth
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- St. Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
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34
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Saggau C, Scheffold A, Bacher P. Flow Cytometric Characterization of Human Antigen-Reactive T-Helper Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2285:141-152. [PMID: 33928550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1311-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The detection and functional characterization of antigen-reactive T helper (Th) cells has been challenging due to their low frequency and functional heterogeneity. Antigen-reactive T cell enrichment (ARTE) allows the in-depth characterization of antigen-specific Th lymphocytes as a prerequisite for better understanding the role of adaptive immune responses in health and disease. ARTE is based on detection of the activation markers CD154 (CD40L) (expressed on all conventional Th cell subsets, Tcons) and CD137 (4-1BB) (expressed on regulatory T cells, Tregs), which are upregulated on the surface of CD4+ T cells upon short-term (7 h) in vitro stimulation with antigens in the presence of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To substantially increase the sensitivity for the detection of antigen-specific Th cells, ARTE combines magnetic pre-enrichment of rare antigen-reactive T cells with multiparameter flow cytometry. Using CD154 and CD137 in combination allows the parallel detection of reactive Tcons and Tregs, after stimulation with the antigen. Thus, the ARTE technology now enables to characterize antigen-specific T cells with increased sensitivity of detection allowing even the investigation of antigen-specific Th cells in the naive T cell repertoire and regardless of prior knowledge of MHC alleles or antigenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Abstract
The CD8+ T cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) was discovered during studies of asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects more than 30 years ago. In contrast to CD8+ T cell cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) activity, CNAR suppresses HIV replication without target cell killing. This activity has characteristics of innate immunity: it acts on all retroviruses and thus is neither epitope specific nor HLA restricted. The HIV-associated CNAR does not affect other virus families. It is mediated, at least in part, by a CD8+ T cell antiviral factor (CAF) that blocks HIV transcription. A variety of assays used to measure CNAR/CAF and the effects on other retrovirus infections are described. Notably, CD8+ T cell noncytotoxic antiviral responses have now been observed with other virus families but are mediated by different cytokines. Characterizing the protein structure of CAF has been challenging despite many biologic, immunologic, and molecular studies. It represents a low-abundance protein that may be identified by future next-generation sequencing approaches. Since CNAR/CAF is a natural noncytotoxic activity, it could provide promising strategies for HIV/AIDS therapy, cure, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelig G Morvan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fernando C Teque
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jay A Levy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Fatangare A, Glässner A, Sachs B, Sickmann A. Future perspectives on in-vitro diagnosis of drug allergy by the lymphocyte transformation test. J Immunol Methods 2021; 495:113072. [PMID: 34000289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to envisage future perspectives of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). We describe the select innovative techniques, which can be integrated at different stages of the LTT to potentially improve the sensitivity, specificity, or practicability of the LTT. We first focus upon the cell sorting techniques comprising immunomagnetic cell separation and flow cytometry, which can be implemented prior and after the LTT culturing step to concentrate and quantify specific immune cell types. Further, we elaborate upon three important omics techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which can be integrated downstream of the LTT to analyze molecular changes in specific immune cells following drug induced activation and proliferation. We also develop visions, how state of the art techniques used in other scientific fields, can be transferred and applied in the context of in-vitro detection of drug allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Fatangare
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Glässner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Research Division, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhardt Sachs
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Research Division, Bonn, Germany; Department for Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät, Medizinisches Proteom-Center (MPC), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB243FX, Scotland, UK.
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37
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Leite NC, Sintov E, Meissner TB, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Harlan DM, Melton DA. Modeling Type 1 Diabetes In Vitro Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107894. [PMID: 32668238 PMCID: PMC7359783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the root causes of autoimmune diseases is hampered by the inability to access relevant human tissues and identify the time of disease onset. To examine the interaction of immune cells and their cellular targets in type 1 diabetes, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic endocrine cells, including β cells. Here, we describe an in vitro platform that models features of human type 1 diabetes using stress-induced patient-derived endocrine cells and autologous immune cells. We demonstrate a cell-type-specific response by autologous immune cells against induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β cells, along with a reduced effect on α cells. This approach represents a path to developing disease models that use patient-derived cells to predict the outcome of an autoimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara C Leite
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, 02215 MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - David M Harlan
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Tanimine N, Burrell BE, Deng K, Rickert C, Lee KM, Feeney N, Pardo J, LeGuern C, Markmann JF. Detection of alloreactive T cells from cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol Methods 2021; 491:112987. [PMID: 33556344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise analyses of alloreactive T cell phenotype and function can inform both the nature and intensity of adaptive responses to transplant antigens. However, alloreactive T cells are sparse and difficult to detect, particularly in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and from hypo-responsive individuals. An assay to identify and phenotype alloreactive cells would be particularly valuable, especially for multi-center clinical trials that often store frozen samples for batch analysis. Herein we demonstrate consistent and reproducible alloreactive T cell detection in cryopreserved PBMC following a short-term mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The inherent background expression levels of activation markers on responder T cells were minimized by including a resting period prior to the assay. Stimulator cells were activated before inclusion in the MLR by addition of CD40L and IL-4. The time frame and markers to identify and phenotype alloreactive T cells following stimulation were optimized using short term co-cultures. We defined subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells co-expressing CD69 and either CD154 or CD137 following allostimulation as alloreactive, and further phenotyped these cells with a variety of surface markers such as PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3. This assay may allow for the monitoring of donor-specific T cells in transplant recipients with longitudinally collected and cryopreserved PBMCs and provide a useful tool to identify biomarkers associated with tolerance. These biomarkers may add to mechanistic insights in immune recognition of transplanted tissues and/or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanimine
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Deng
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Rickert
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noel Feeney
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christian LeGuern
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Usefulness of the New Hematological Parameter: Reactive Lymphocytes RE-LYMP with Flow Cytometry Markers of Inflammation in COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010082. [PMID: 33419040 PMCID: PMC7825305 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of patients with activation of the immune system which indicates the presence of infection is essential, especially in the times of the global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reactive lymphocytes (RE-LYMP) parameter in COVID-19 and to correlate it with activation lymphocytes markers by flow cytometry. The study group consisted of 40 patients: with COVID-19 infection (n = 20) and with others virus infections without COVID-19 (COVID-19(−) virus (n = 20)) and 20 healthy donors (HC). Blood count and flow cytometry were performed. The COVID-19(+) group had significantly lower RE-LYMP parameter than the COVID-19(−) virus group (5.45 vs. 11.05, p < 0.05). We observed higher proportion of plasmablasts in the COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups than HC (8.8 vs. 11.1 vs. 2.7, p < 0.05). In the COVID-19(+) there was a lower proportion of CD4+ CD38+ cells than in the other groups (significant differences between COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups). RE-LYMP correlated with activated T lymphocytes CD38+ and HLA-DR+ in the COVID-19(−) virus group, however in the COVID-19(+) group correlations with T lymphocytes CD25+ and CD45RO+ were observed. In summary the analysis of the RE-LYMP together with flow cytometric activation markers can be helpful in identifying and distinguishing patients with COVID-19(+) from other viruses and HC.
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Bitar M, Boettcher M, Boldt A, Hauck F, Köhl U, Liebert UG, Magg T, Schulz MS, Sack U. Flow cytometric measurement of STAT5 phosphorylation in cytomegalovirus-stimulated T cells. Cytometry A 2020; 99:774-783. [PMID: 33280233 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells expand with CMV reactivation and are probably prerequisite for control and protection. Given the critical role STAT5A phosphorylation (pSTAT5A) in T cell proliferation, this study presents a simple and sensitive flow cytometric-based pSTAT5A assay to quickly identify CMV-specific T cell proliferation. We determined pSTAT5A in T cells treated with CMV-specific peptide mix (pp65 + IE1 peptides) from 20 healthy adult subjects and three immunodeficient patients with CARMIL-2 mutation. After stimulation, the percentage of pSTAT5A+ T cells in CMV-seropositive (CMV+ ) subjects significantly increased from 3.0% ± 1.9% (unstimulated) to 11.4% ± 5.9% (stimulated) for 24 h. After 7 days of stimulation, the percentage of expanded T cells amounted to 26% ± 17.2%. Conversely, the percentage of pSTAT5A+ T cells and T cell proliferation from CMV-seronegative (CMV- ) subjects hardly changed (from 3.0% ± 1.3% to 3.7% ± 1.8% and from 4.3% ± 2.1% to 5.7% ± 1.7%, respectively). We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of pSTAT5A+ T cells versus (1) CMV-IgG concentrations versus (2) the percentage of expanded T cells and versus (3) the percentage of initial CMV-specific T cells. In immunodeficient patients with CARMIL-2 mutation, CMV-specific pSTAT5A and T cell proliferation were completely deficient. In conclusion, flow cytometric-based pSTAT5A assay represents an appropriate tool to quickly identify CMV-specific T cell proliferation and helps to understand dysfunctions in controlling other pathogens. Flow cytometric-based pSTAT5A assay may be a useful test in clinical practice and merits further validation in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitar
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Boettcher
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Immunology and Cell Therapy (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian S Schulz
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Hospitals University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Anft M, Paniskaki K, Blazquez-Navarro A, Doevelaar A, Seibert FS, Hölzer B, Skrzypczyk S, Kohut E, Kurek J, Zapka J, Wehler P, Kaliszczyk S, Bajda S, Thieme CJ, Roch T, Konik MJ, Berger MM, Brenner T, Kölsch U, Meister TL, Pfaender S, Steinmann E, Tempfer C, Watzl C, Dolff S, Dittmer U, Abou-El-Enein M, Westhoff TH, Witzke O, Stervbo U, Babel N. COVID-19-Induced ARDS Is Associated with Decreased Frequency of Activated Memory/Effector T Cells Expressing CD11a +. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2691-2702. [PMID: 33186542 PMCID: PMC7543694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 is an unsolved challenge. The involvement of T cell immunity in this exacerbation remains unclear. To identify predictive markers of COVID-19 progress and outcome, we analyzed peripheral blood of 10 COVID-19-associated ARDS patients and 35 mild/moderate COVID-19 patients, not requiring intensive care. Using multi-parametric flow cytometry, we compared quantitative, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of circulating bulk immune cells, as well as SARS-CoV-2 S-protein-reactive T cells between the two groups. ARDS patients demonstrated significantly higher S-protein-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to non-ARDS patients. Of interest, comparison of circulating bulk T cells in ARDS patients to non-ARDS patients demonstrated decreased frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, with activated memory/effector T cells expressing tissue migration molecule CD11a++. Importantly, survival from ARDS (4/10) was accompanied by a recovery of the CD11a++ T cell subsets in peripheral blood. Conclusively, data on S-protein-reactive polyfunctional T cells indicate the ability of ARDS patients to generate antiviral protection. Furthermore, decreased frequencies of activated memory/effector T cells expressing tissue migratory molecule CD11a++ observed in circulation of ARDS patients might suggest their involvement in ARDS development and propose the CD11a-based immune signature as a possible prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anft
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Krystallenia Paniskaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Arturo Blazquez-Navarro
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Doevelaar
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Felix S Seibert
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Bodo Hölzer
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sarah Skrzypczyk
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Eva Kohut
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Julia Kurek
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Jan Zapka
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Patrizia Wehler
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Kaliszczyk
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sharon Bajda
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantin J Thieme
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarethe Justine Konik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Moritz Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni L Meister
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Clemens Tempfer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abou-El-Enein
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Feng Z, Chen J, Liang W, Chen W, Li Z, Chen Q, Cai S. The recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing African swine fever virus CD2v protein is safe and effective in mice. Virol J 2020; 17:180. [PMID: 33198749 PMCID: PMC7668019 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boar and is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, no vaccine is commercially available for prevention, and the epidemic is still spreading. Here, we constructed a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) (PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v)) that expresses the CD2v protein of ASFV and evaluated its effectiveness and safety as a vaccine candidate in mice. Methods A homologous recombination fragment containing ASFV CD2v was synthesized and co-transfected into HEK 293 T cells, a knockout vector targeting the PRV TK gene. The transfected cells were infected with PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI, and the recombinant strain (PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v)) was obtained by plaque purification in Vero cells. The expression of ASFV CD2v in the recombinant virus was confirmed by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis, and the genetic stability was tested in Vero cells over 20 passages. The virulence, immunogenicity and protective ability of the recombinant virus were further tested in a mouse model. Results The PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v) recombinant strain is stable in Vero cells, and the processing of CD2v does not depend on ASFV infection. The vaccination of PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v) causes neither pruritus, not a systemic infection and inflammation (with the high expression of interleukin-6 (IL6)). Besides, the virus vaccination can produce anti-CD2v specific antibody and activate a specific cellular immune response, and 100% protect mice from the challenge of the virulent strain (PRV-Fa). The detoxification occurs much earlier upon the recombinant virus vaccination and the amount of detoxification is much lower as well. Conclusions The PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v) recombinant strain has strong immunogenicity, is safe and effective, and maybe a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASF and Pseudorabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangwang Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Province, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pudang, Jin-an District, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoli Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China.
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Su Y, Chen D, Yuan D, Lausted C, Choi J, Dai CL, Voillet V, Duvvuri VR, Scherler K, Troisch P, Baloni P, Qin G, Smith B, Kornilov SA, Rostomily C, Xu A, Li J, Dong S, Rothchild A, Zhou J, Murray K, Edmark R, Hong S, Heath JE, Earls J, Zhang R, Xie J, Li S, Roper R, Jones L, Zhou Y, Rowen L, Liu R, Mackay S, O'Mahony DS, Dale CR, Wallick JA, Algren HA, Zager MA, Wei W, Price ND, Huang S, Subramanian N, Wang K, Magis AT, Hadlock JJ, Hood L, Aderem A, Bluestone JA, Lanier LL, Greenberg PD, Gottardo R, Davis MM, Goldman JD, Heath JR. Multi-Omics Resolves a Sharp Disease-State Shift between Mild and Moderate COVID-19. Cell 2020; 183:1479-1495.e20. [PMID: 33171100 PMCID: PMC7598382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an integrated analysis of the clinical measurements, immune cells, and plasma multi-omics of 139 COVID-19 patients representing all levels of disease severity, from serial blood draws collected during the first week of infection following diagnosis. We identify a major shift between mild and moderate disease, at which point elevated inflammatory signaling is accompanied by the loss of specific classes of metabolites and metabolic processes. Within this stressed plasma environment at moderate disease, multiple unusual immune cell phenotypes emerge and amplify with increasing disease severity. We condensed over 120,000 immune features into a single axis to capture how different immune cell classes coordinate in response to SARS-CoV-2. This immune-response axis independently aligns with the major plasma composition changes, with clinical metrics of blood clotting, and with the sharp transition between mild and moderate disease. This study suggests that moderate disease may provide the most effective setting for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Su
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Chen
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dan Yuan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | - Jongchan Choi
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Valentin Voillet
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, NPC (HCRISA), Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Guangrong Qin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brett Smith
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Xu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shen Dong
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alissa Rothchild
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Isoplexis Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Kim Murray
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rick Edmark
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sunga Hong
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John E Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John Earls
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Roper
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lesley Jones
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lee Rowen
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel Liu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sean Mackay
- Isoplexis Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - D Shane O'Mahony
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Christopher R Dale
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Julie A Wallick
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Heather A Algren
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Michael A Zager
- Center for Data Visualization, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Naeha Subramanian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Heath, and Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA; Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Chin MW, Norman MDA, Gentleman E, Coppens MO, Day RM. A Hydrogel-Integrated Culture Device to Interrogate T Cell Activation with Physicochemical Cues. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47355-47367. [PMID: 33027591 PMCID: PMC7586298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent rise of adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT) as a promising cancer immunotherapy has triggered increased interest in therapeutic T cell bioprocessing. T cell activation is a critical processing step and is known to be modulated by physical parameters, such as substrate stiffness. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about how biophysical factors regulate immune cells, such as T cells. Understanding how T cell activation is modulated by physical and biochemical cues may offer novel methods to control cell behavior for therapeutic cell processing. Inspired by T cell mechanosensitivity, we developed a multiwell, reusable, customizable, two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel-integrated culture device to study the physicochemical stimulation of Jurkat T cells. Substrate stiffness and ligand density were tuned by concentrations of the hydrogel cross-linker and antibody in the coating solution, respectively. We cultured Jurkat T cells on 2D hydrogels of different stiffnesses that presented surface-immobilized stimulatory antibodies against CD3 and CD28 and demonstrated that Jurkat T cells stimulated by stiff hydrogels (50.6 ± 15.1 kPa) exhibited significantly higher interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion, but lower proliferation, than those stimulated by softer hydrogels (7.1 ± 0.4 kPa). In addition, we found that increasing anti-CD3 concentration from 10 to 30 μg/mL led to a significant increase in IL-2 secretion from cells stimulated on 7.1 ± 0.4 and 9.3 ± 2.4 kPa gels. Simultaneous tuning of substrate stiffness and stimulatory ligand density showed that the two parameters synergize (two-way ANOVA interaction effect: p < 0.001) to enhance IL-2 secretion. Our results demonstrate the importance of physical parameters in immune cell stimulation and highlight the potential of designing future immunostimulatory biomaterials that are mechanically tailored to balance stimulatory strength and downstream proliferative capacity of therapeutic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
H. W. Chin
- Centre
for Precision Healthcare, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. A. Norman
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Marc-Olivier Coppens
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Day
- Centre
for Precision Healthcare, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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45
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Yang X, Dai T, Zhou X, Qian H, Guo R, Lei L, Zhang X, Zhang D, Shi L, Cheng Y, Hu J, Guo Y, Zhang B. Naturally activated adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12457-12463. [PMID: 32975374 PMCID: PMC7537162 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread worldwide, threatening the health and lives of many people. Unfortunately, information regarding the immunological characteristics of COVID‐19 patients remains limited. Herein, we collected blood samples from 18 healthy donors (HDs) and 38 COVID‐19 patients to analyse changes in the adaptive immune cell populations and their phenotypes. We observed that the lymphocyte percentage moderately decreased, CD4 and CD8 T cell percentage among lymphocytes were similar, and B cell percentage was increased in COVID‐19 patients in comparison to that in HDs. T cells, especially CD8 T cells, showed an enhanced expression of late activation marker CD25 and exhaustion marker PD‐1. Importantly, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increased the percentage of T follicular helper– and germinal centre B–like cells in the blood. The parameters in COVID‐19 patients remained unchanged across various age groups. Therefore, we demonstrated that the T and B cells are activated naturally and are functional during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These data provide evidence that the adaptive immunity in most patients could be primed to induce a significant immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection upon receiving standard medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tongxin Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbo Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanbin Cheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaling Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of infection and immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Basic and Translational Research Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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46
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Taştan C, Kançağı DD, Turan RD, Yurtsever B, Çakırsoy D, Abanuz S, Yılancı M, Seyis U, Özer S, Mert S, Kayhan CK, Tokat F, Açıkel Elmas M, Birdoğan S, Arbak S, Yalçın K, Sezgin A, Kızılkılıç E, Hemşinlioğlu C, İnce Ü, Ratip S, Ovalı E. Preclinical Assessment of Efficacy and Safety Analysis of CAR-T Cells (ISIKOK-19) Targeting CD19-Expressing B-Cells for the First Turkish Academic Clinical Trial with Relapsed/Refractory ALL and NHL Patients. Turk J Haematol 2020; 37:234-247. [PMID: 32755128 PMCID: PMC7702660 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Relapsed and refractory CD19-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are the focus of studies on hematological cancers. Treatment of these malignancies has undergone recent transformation with the development of new gene therapy and molecular biology techniques, which are safer and well-tolerated therapeutic approaches. The CD19 antigen is the most studied therapeutic target in these hematological cancers. This study reports the results of clinical-grade production, quality control, and in vivo efficacy processes of ISIKOK-19 cells as the first academic clinical trial of CAR-T cells targeting CD19-expressing B cells in relapsed/refractory ALL and NHL patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We used a lentiviral vector encoding the CD19 antigen-specific antibody head (FMC63) conjugated with the CD8-CD28-CD3ζ sequence as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) along with a truncated form of EGFR (EGFRt) on human T-lymphocytes (CAR-T). We preclinically assessed the efficacy and safety of the manufactured CAR-T cells, namely ISIKOK-19, from both healthy donors’ and ALL/NHL patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: We showed significant enhancement of CAR lentivirus transduction efficacy in T-cells using BX-795, an inhibitor of the signaling molecule TBK1/IKKƐ, in order to cut the cost of CAR-T cell production. In addition, ISIKOK-19 cells demonstrated a significantly high level of cytotoxicity specifically against a CD19+ B-lymphocyte cancer model, RAJI cells, in NOD/SCID mice. Conclusion: This is the first report of preclinical assessment of efficacy and safety analysis of CAR-T cells (ISIKOK-19) targeting CD19-expressing B cells in relapsed/refractory ALL and NHL patients in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Taştan
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Bulut Yurtsever
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Çakırsoy
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Abanuz
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Utku Seyis
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Samed Özer
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Animal Application and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Mert
- Boğaziçi University, Center of Life Sciences and Technologies, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Tokat
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Açıkel Elmas
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Birdoğan
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Arbak
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Yalçın
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey,Medical Park Göztepe Hospital, Pediatric Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ümit İnce
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Siret Ratip
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercüment Ovalı
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
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47
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Liu L, Takeda K, Akkoyunlu M. Disease Stage-Specific Pathogenicity of CD138 (Syndecan 1)-Expressing T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1569. [PMID: 32849532 PMCID: PMC7401833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD138 (syndecan 1), a member of the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan family, regulates diverse biological responses by interacting with chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules. Expression of CD138 has been detected on T cells from both healthy and sick mice mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease. However, the characteristics and the role of CD138+ T cells in SLE pathogenesis remain largely unknown. We analyzed the lupus-prone MRL/Lpr mice and the control MRL/MpJ strain as well as the common laboratory strains Balb/c, and C57BL/6 for CD138-expression and found that only the MRL/Lpr strain harbored TCRβ+CD138+ cells in various organs. The frequency of TCRβ+CD138+ cells progressively expanded in MRL/Lpr mice with age and correlated with disease severity. Majority of the TCRβ+CD138+ cells were CD4 and CD8 double-negative and 20% were CD4. At least a portion of TCRβ+CD138+ cells originated from CD4+ cells because substantial number of CD4+TCRβ+CD138- cells expressed CD138 after in vitro cultivation. Compared to TCRβ+CD138- cells, TCRβ+CD138+ cells exhibited central memory (Tcm) phenotype with reduced ability to proliferate and produce the cytokines IFNγ and IL-17. When co-cultured with B cells, the ability of TCRβ+CD138+ cells to promote plasma cell formation and autoreactive antibody production was dependent on the presence of autoantigen, CD4 co-receptor expression and cell-to-cell contact. Surprisingly, adoptively transferred TCRβ+CD138+ T cells slowed down disease progression in young recipient MRL/Lpr mice but had the opposite effect when DNA was co-administered with TCRβ+CD138+ T cells or when TCRβ+CD138+ cells were transferred to older MRL/Lpr mice with established disease. Thus, CD138-expressing T cells with Tcm phenotype enhance disease progression in SLE by rapidly activating autoreactive B cells when self-antigens are exposed to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunhua Liu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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48
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Erokhina SA, Streltsova MA, Kanevskiy LM, Grechikhina MV, Sapozhnikov AM, Kovalenko EI. HLA-DR-expressing NK cells: Effective killers suspected for antigen presentation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:327-337. [PMID: 32421903 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0420-668rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-DR-expressing cells comprise an intriguing group of NK cells, which combine phenotypic characteristics of both NK cells and dendritic cells. These cells can be found in humans and mice; they are present in blood and tissues in healthy conditions and can expand in a spectrum of pathologies. HLA-DR+ NK cells are functionally active: they produce proinflammatory cytokines, degranulate, and easily proliferate in response to stimuli. Additionally, HLA-DR+ NK cells seem able to take in and then present certain antigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, inducing their activation and proliferation, which puts them closer to professional antigen-presenting cells. It appears that these NK cells should be considerable players of the innate immune system, both due to their functional activity and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, for the first time, we provide a detailed description and analysis of the available data characterizing phenotypic, developmental, and functional features of the HLA-DR+ NK cells in a healthy condition and a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya A Erokhina
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Streltsova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid M Kanevskiy
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Grechikhina
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Sapozhnikov
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Helgeland H, Gabrielsen I, Akselsen H, Sundaram AYM, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Transcriptome profiling of human thymic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to primary peripheral T cells. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:350. [PMID: 32393182 PMCID: PMC7216358 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The thymus is a highly specialized organ of the immune system where T cell precursors develop and differentiate into self-tolerant CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. No studies to date have investigated how the human transcriptome profiles differ, between T cells still residing in the thymus and T cells in the periphery. Results We have performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomes of primary single positive (SP) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infant thymic tissue, as well as primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infant and adult peripheral blood, to enable the comparisons across tissues and ages. In addition, we have assessed the expression of candidate genes related to autoimmune diseases in thymic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The thymic T cells showed the largest number of uniquely expressed genes, suggesting a more diverse transcription in thymic T cells. Comparing T cells of thymic and blood origin, revealed more differentially expressed genes, than between infant and adult blood. Functional enrichment analysis revealed an over-representation of genes involved in cell cycle and replication in thymic T cells, whereas infant blood T cells were dominated by immune related terms. Comparing adult and infant blood T cells, the former was enriched for inflammatory response, cytokine production and biological adhesion, while upregulated genes in infant blood T cells were associated with cell cycle, cell death and gene expression. Conclusion This study provides valuable insight into the transcriptomes of the human primary SP T cells still residing within the thymus, and offers a unique comparison to primary blood derived T cells. Interestingly, the majority of autoimmune disease associated genes were expressed in one or more T cell subset, however ~ 11% of these were not expressed in frequently studied adult peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingvild Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Akselsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Tennebø Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Alexandra Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway.
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50
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Seng A, Krausz KL, Pei D, Koestler DC, Fischer RT, Yankee TM, Markiewicz MA. Coexpression of FOXP3 and a Helios isoform enhances the effectiveness of human engineered regulatory T cells. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1325-1339. [PMID: 32259202 PMCID: PMC7160257 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of immune cells that suppress the immune response. Treg therapy for inflammatory diseases is being tested in the clinic, with moderate success. However, it is difficult to isolate and expand Tregs to sufficient numbers. Engineered Tregs (eTregs) can be generated in larger quantities by genetically manipulating conventional T cells to express FOXP3. These eTregs can suppress in vitro and in vivo but not as effectively as endogenous Tregs. We hypothesized that ectopic expression of the transcription factor Helios along with FOXP3 is required for optimal eTreg immunosuppression. To test this theory, we generated eTregs by retrovirally transducing total human T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) with FOXP3 alone or with each of the 2 predominant isoforms of Helios. Expression of both FOXP3 and the full-length isoform of Helios was required for eTreg-mediated disease delay in a xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease model. In vitro, this corresponded with superior suppressive function of FOXP3 and full-length Helios-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ eTregs. RNA sequencing showed that the addition of full-length Helios changed gene expression in cellular pathways and the Treg signature compared with FOXP3 alone or the other major Helios isoform. Together, these results show that functional human CD4+ and CD8+ eTregs can be generated from total human T cells by coexpressing FOXP3 and full-length Helios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Seng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, and
| | - Kelsey L Krausz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, and
| | - Dong Pei
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; and
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; and
| | - Ryan T Fischer
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Thomas M Yankee
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, and
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