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Birkhoff JC, Korporaal AL, Brouwer RWW, Nowosad K, Milazzo C, Mouratidou L, van den Hout MCGN, van IJcken WFJ, Huylebroeck D, Conidi A. Zeb2 DNA-Binding Sites in Neuroprogenitor Cells Reveal Autoregulation and Affirm Neurodevelopmental Defects, Including in Mowat-Wilson Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030629. [PMID: 36980900 PMCID: PMC10048071 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional perturbation and action mechanism studies have shown that the transcription factor Zeb2 controls cell fate decisions, differentiation, and/or maturation in multiple cell lineages in embryos and after birth. In cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Zeb2’s mRNA/protein upregulation is necessary for the exit from primed pluripotency and for entering general and neural differentiation. We edited mouse ESCs to produce Flag-V5 epitope-tagged Zeb2 protein from one endogenous allele. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (ChIP-seq), we mapped 2432 DNA-binding sites for this tagged Zeb2 in ESC-derived neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs). A new, major binding site maps promoter-proximal to Zeb2 itself. The homozygous deletion of this site demonstrates that autoregulation of Zeb2 is necessary to elicit the appropriate Zeb2-dependent effects in ESC-to-NPC differentiation. We have also cross-referenced all the mapped Zeb2 binding sites with previously obtained transcriptome data from Zeb2 perturbations in ESC-derived NPCs, GABAergic interneurons from the ventral forebrain of mouse embryos, and stem/progenitor cells from the post-natal ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) in mouse forebrain, respectively. Despite the different characteristics of each of these neurogenic systems, we found interesting target gene overlaps. In addition, our study also contributes to explaining developmental disorders, including Mowat-Wilson syndrome caused by ZEB2 deficiency, and also other monogenic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C. Birkhoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne L. Korporaal
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger W. W. Brouwer
- Center for Biomics-Genomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Nowosad
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- The Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudia Milazzo
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia Mouratidou
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilfred F. J. van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Biomics-Genomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Conidi
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-7043169
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Messinger D, Harris MK, Cummings JR, Thomas C, Yang T, Sweha SR, Woo R, Siddaway R, Burkert M, Stallard S, Qin T, Mullan B, Siada R, Ravindran R, Niculcea M, Dowling AR, Bradin J, Ginn KF, Gener MAH, Dorris K, Vitanza NA, Schmidt SV, Spitzer J, Li J, Filbin MG, Cao X, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, Mody R, Chinnaiyan A, Desprez PY, McAllister S, Dun MD, Hawkins C, Waszak SM, Venneti S, Koschmann C, Yadav VN. Therapeutic targeting of prenatal pontine ID1 signaling in diffuse midline glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:54-67. [PMID: 35605606 PMCID: PMC9825316 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are highly invasive brain tumors with rare survival beyond two years past diagnosis and limited understanding of the mechanism behind tumor invasion. Previous reports demonstrate upregulation of the protein ID1 with H3K27M and ACVR1 mutations in DMG, but this has not been confirmed in human tumors or therapeutically targeted. METHODS Whole exome, RNA, and ChIP-sequencing was performed on the ID1 locus in DMG tissue. Scratch-assay migration and transwell invasion assays of cultured cells were performed following shRNA-mediated ID1-knockdown. In vitro and in vivo genetic and pharmacologic [cannabidiol (CBD)] inhibition of ID1 on DMG tumor growth was assessed. Patient-reported CBD dosing information was collected. RESULTS Increased ID1 expression in human DMG and in utero electroporation (IUE) murine tumors is associated with H3K27M mutation and brainstem location. ChIP-sequencing indicates ID1 regulatory regions are epigenetically active in human H3K27M-DMG tumors and prenatal pontine cells. Higher ID1-expressing astrocyte-like DMG cells share a transcriptional program with oligo/astrocyte-precursor cells (OAPCs) from the developing human brain and demonstrate upregulation of the migration regulatory protein SPARCL1. Genetic and pharmacologic (CBD) suppression of ID1 decreases tumor cell invasion/migration and tumor growth in H3.3/H3.1K27M PPK-IUE and human DIPGXIIIP* in vivo models of pHGG. The effect of CBD on cell proliferation appears to be non-ID1 mediated. Finally, we collected patient-reported CBD treatment data, finding that a clinical trial to standardize dosing may be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS H3K27M-mediated re-activation of ID1 in DMG results in a SPARCL1+ migratory transcriptional program that is therapeutically targetable with CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Messinger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Micah K Harris
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica R Cummings
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chase Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stefan R Sweha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rinette Woo
- Cancer Research, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute; San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Martin Burkert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Stallard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Brendan Mullan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruby Siada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ramya Ravindran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Niculcea
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abigail R Dowling
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua Bradin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin F Ginn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa A H Gener
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kathleen Dorris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, AG Immunogenomics, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jasper Spitzer
- Institute of Innate Immunity, AG Immunogenomics, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jiang Li
- Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajen Mody
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arul Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Cancer Research, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute; San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean McAllister
- Cancer Research, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute; San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sebastian M Waszak
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Viveka Nand Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics at Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Accurate identification of circRNA landscape and complexity reveals their pivotal roles in human oligodendroglia differentiation. Genome Biol 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 35130952 PMCID: PMC8819885 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of poorly conserved non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are highly enriched in the human brain. Despite increasing discoveries of circRNA function in human neurons, the circRNA landscape and function in developing human oligodendroglia, the myelinating cells that govern neuronal conductance, remains unexplored. Meanwhile, improved experimental and computational tools for the accurate identification of circRNAs are needed. Results We adopt a published experimental approach for circRNA enrichment and develop CARP (CircRNA identification using A-tailing RNase R approach and Pseudo-reference alignment), a comprehensive 21-module computational framework for accurate circRNA identification and quantification. Using CARP, we identify developmentally programmed human oligodendroglia circRNA landscapes in the HOG oligodendroglioma cell line, distinct from neuronal circRNA landscapes. Numerous circRNAs display oligodendroglia-specific regulation upon differentiation, among which a subclass is regulated independently from their parental mRNAs. We find that circRNA flanking introns often contain cis-regulatory elements for RNA editing and are predicted to bind differentiation-regulated splicing factors. In addition, we discover novel oligodendroglia-specific circRNAs that are predicted to sponge microRNAs, which co-operatively promote oligodendroglia development. Furthermore, we identify circRNA clusters derived from differentiation-regulated alternative circularization events within the same gene, each containing a common circular exon, achieving additive sponging effects that promote human oligodendroglia differentiation. Conclusions Our results reveal dynamic regulation of human oligodendroglia circRNA landscapes during early differentiation and suggest critical roles of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in advancing human oligodendroglia development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02621-1.
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Chen Z, Shen G, Tan X, Qu L, Zhang C, Ma L, Luo P, Cao X, Yang F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi C. ID1/ID3 mediate the contribution of skin fibroblasts to local nerve regeneration through Itga6 in wound repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1637-1649. [PMID: 34520124 PMCID: PMC8641086 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing requires intricate synchronization of several key processes. Among them, local nerve regeneration is known to be vitally important for proper repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of local nerve regeneration are still unclear. Fibroblasts are one of the key cell types within the skin whose role in local nerve regeneration has not been extensively studied. In our study, we found skin fibroblasts were in tight contact with regenerated nerves during wound healing, while rare interactions were shown under normal circumstances. Moreover, skin fibroblasts surrounding the nerves were shown to be activated and reprogrammed to exhibit neural cell‐like properties by upregulated expressing inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) and ID3. Furthermore, we identified the regulation of integrin α6 (Itga6) by ID1/ID3 in fibroblasts as the mechanism for axon guidance. Accordingly, transplantation of the ID1/ID3‐overexpressing fibroblasts or topical injection of ID1/ID3 lentivirus significantly promoted local nerve regeneration and wound healing following skin excision or sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, we demonstrated a new role for skin fibroblasts in nerve regeneration following local injury by directly contacting and guiding axon regrowth, which might hold therapeutic potential in peripheral nerve disorders and peripheral neuropathies in relatively chronic refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Langfan Qu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Sritharan D, Wang S, Hormoz S. Computing the Riemannian curvature of image patch and single-cell RNA sequencing data manifolds using extrinsic differential geometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100473118. [PMID: 34272279 PMCID: PMC8307776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100473118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most high-dimensional datasets are thought to be inherently low-dimensional-that is, data points are constrained to lie on a low-dimensional manifold embedded in a high-dimensional ambient space. Here, we study the viability of two approaches from differential geometry to estimate the Riemannian curvature of these low-dimensional manifolds. The intrinsic approach relates curvature to the Laplace-Beltrami operator using the heat-trace expansion and is agnostic to how a manifold is embedded in a high-dimensional space. The extrinsic approach relates the ambient coordinates of a manifold's embedding to its curvature using the Second Fundamental Form and the Gauss-Codazzi equation. We found that the intrinsic approach fails to accurately estimate the curvature of even a two-dimensional constant-curvature manifold, whereas the extrinsic approach was able to handle more complex toy models, even when confounded by practical constraints like small sample sizes and measurement noise. To test the applicability of the extrinsic approach to real-world data, we computed the curvature of a well-studied manifold of image patches and recapitulated its topological classification as a Klein bottle. Lastly, we applied the extrinsic approach to study single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNAseq) datasets of blood, gastrulation, and brain cells to quantify the Riemannian curvature of scRNAseq manifolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duluxan Sritharan
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Shu Wang
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sahand Hormoz
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215;
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
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Mody AA, Millar JC, Clark AF. ID1 and ID3 are Negative Regulators of TGFβ2-Induced Ocular Hypertension and Compromised Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 33938911 PMCID: PMC8107646 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In POAG, elevated IOP remains the major risk factor in irreversible vision loss. Increased TGFβ2 expression in POAG aqueous humor and in the trabecular meshwork (TM) amplifies extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduces ECM turnover in the TM, leading to a decreased aqueous humor (AH) outflow facility and increased IOP. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1 and ID3) inhibit TGFβ2-induced fibronectin and PAI-1 production in TM cells. We examined the effects of ID1 and ID3 gene expression on TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension and decreased AH outflow facility in living mouse eyes. Methods IOP and AH outflow facility changes were determined using a mouse model of Ad5-hTGFβ2C226S/C288S-induced ocular hypertension. The physiological function of ID1 and ID3 genes were evaluated using Ad5 viral vectors to enhance or knockdown ID1/ID3 gene expression in the TM of BALB/cJ mice. IOP was measured in conscious mice using a Tonolab impact tonometer. AH outflow facilities were determined by constant flow infusion in live mice. Results Over-expressing ID1 and ID3 significantly blocked TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension (P < 0.0001). Although AH outflow facility was significantly decreased in TGFβ2-transduced eyes (P < 0.04), normal outflow facility was preserved in eyes injected concurrently with ID1 or ID3 along with TGFβ2. Knockdown of ID1 or ID3 expression exacerbated TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension. Conclusions Increased expression of ID1 and ID3 suppressed both TGFβ2-elevated IOP and decreased AH outflow facility. ID1 and/or ID3 proteins thus may show promise as future candidates as IOP-lowering targets in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - J Cameron Millar
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Huang ZH, Feng AY, Liu J, Zhou L, Zhou B, Yu P. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 accelerates nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2542-2548. [PMID: 33907046 PMCID: PMC8374553 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) can promote axonal regeneration after injury of the central nervous system. However, whether Id2 can promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is currently unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of bilateral sciatic nerve crush injury. Two weeks before injury, AAV9-Id2-3×Flag-GFP was injected stereotaxically into the bilateral ventral horn of lumbar spinal cord. Our results showed that Id2 was successfully delivered into spinal cord motor neurons projecting to the sciatic nerve, and the number of regenerated motor axons in the sciatic nerve distal to the crush site was increased at 2 weeks after injury, arriving at the tibial nerve and reinnervating a few endplates in the gastrocnemius muscle. By 1 month after injury, extensive neuromuscular reinnervation occurred. In addition, the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials of the gastrocnemius muscle was markedly recovered, and their latency was shortened. These findings suggest that Id2 can accelerate axonal regeneration, promote neuromuscular reinnervation, and enhance functional improvement following sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, elevating the level of Id2 in adult neurons may present a promising strategy for peripheral nerve repair following injury. The study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University (approval No. 20160302003) on March 2, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hai Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ai-Ying Feng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Emerging Roles of Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Cell Cycle Reentry and Beyond. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071746. [PMID: 32708313 PMCID: PMC7409121 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation (Id) proteins, a family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that includes four members of Id1 to Id4 in mammalian cells, are critical for regulating cell growth, differentiation, senescence, cell cycle progression, and increasing angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, as well as accelerating the ability of cell migration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in the adult population, manifests the signs of cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and functional impairment. The underlying mechanisms for AD are not well-clarified yet, but the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβs), the major components in the senile plaques observed in AD brains, contributes significantly to the disease progression. Emerging evidence reveals that aberrant cell cycle reentry may play a central role in Aβ-induced neuronal demise. Recently, we have shown that several signaling mediators, including Id1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), cyclin-dependent kinases-5 (CDK5), and sonic hedgehog (Shh), may contribute to Aβ-induced cell cycle reentry in postmitotic neurons; furthermore, Id1 and CDK5/p25 mutually antagonize the expression/activity of each other. Therefore, Id proteins may potentially have clinical applications in AD. In this review article, we introduce the underlying mechanisms for cell cycle dysregulation in AD and present some examples, including our own studies, to show different aspects of Id1 in terms of cell cycle reentry and other signaling that may be crucial to alter the neuronal fates in this devastating neurodegenerative disease. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms may provide a rationale to make an earlier intervention before the occurrence of cell cycle reentry and subsequent apoptosis in the fully differentiated neurons during the progression of AD or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Huang Z, Liu J, Jin J, Chen Q, Shields LBE, Zhang YP, Shields CB, Zhou L, Zhou B, Yu P. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 promotes axonal growth through upregulation of Neurogenin2. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112966. [PMID: 31145898 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of developmentally regulated genes presents a promising strategy to enhance the intrinsic growth capability of adult neurons. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), a negative regulator of bHLH transcriptional factors, promotes axonal growth after its forced expression in post-mitotic neurons. Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) is a neural specific bHLH factor which controls neuronal fate and drives neuronal differentiation during development. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Id2 in promoting axonal growth and revealed that Ngn2 contributed to the growth-activating role of Id2 in neurons. Ngn2 expression was upregulated with increased Id2 activity by assessing RNA and protein levels. Forced expression of Id2 or Ngn2 in cortical neurons significantly promoted axonal growth with little effect on dendrites. Furthermore, knockdown of Ngn2 impaired the axonal growth promoting effect of Id2, implying that the effect of Id2 on axonal growth depends on Ngn2. These findings suggest that elevation of neuronal Ngn2 may be a new therapeutic strategy to stimulate axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingyu Jin
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingpei Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Avecilla V, Avecilla A. Inhibitor of DNA-Binding/Differentiation Proteins and Environmental Toxicants: Genomic Impact on the Onset of Depressive Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:medsci7010007. [PMID: 30634536 PMCID: PMC6358799 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing growth of the international occurrence of depression and its ability to co-occur with other serious medical disorders, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease, is a current public health problem. Inhibitor of DNA-Binding/Differentiation (ID) proteins are part of a group of transcriptional factors that have shown involvement in neurocognitive disorders and, therefore, may have influence on depressive disorders. Previously, it has been established that exposure to environmental estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bisphenol A (BPA), have played an important role in the modulation of depressive disorders. Hence, based on many studies, we consider the impact of these environmental pollutants on the group of ID proteins and how they impact depressive outcomes. Improved knowledge of how ID proteins interact with depressive disorders, through EED exposure, will contribute essential evidence that can further benefit our public health community with innovative knowledge to prevent these types of mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Avecilla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Andrea Avecilla
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
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11
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Contribution of Inhibitor of Differentiation and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors to Neurocognitive Disorders. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6030061. [PMID: 30081481 PMCID: PMC6165108 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The devastating growth in the worldwide frequency of neurocognitive disorders and its allied difficulties, such as decline in memory, spatial competency, and ability to focus, poses a significant psychological public health problem. Inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins are members of a family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors. ID proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in neurodevelopmental and depressive diseases and, thus, may influence neurocognitive deficiencies due to environmental exposure. Previously, it has been demonstrated that environmental factors, such as estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs), have played an essential role in the influence of various neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Based on this increasing number of reports, we consider the impact of these environmental pollutants on ID proteins. Better understanding of how these ID proteins by which EED exposure can affect neurocognitive disorders in populations will prospectively deliver valuable information in the impediment and regulation of these diseases linked with environmental factor exposure.
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12
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Mody AA, Wordinger RJ, Clark AF. Role of ID Proteins in BMP4 Inhibition of Profibrotic Effects of TGF-β2 in Human TM Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:849-859. [PMID: 28159972 PMCID: PMC5295782 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased expression of TGF-β2 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) aqueous humor (AH) and trabecular meshwork (TM) causes deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TM and elevated IOP. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate TGF-β2–induced ECM production. The underlying mechanism for BMP4 inhibition of TGF-β2–induced fibrosis remains undetermined. Bone morphogenic protein 4 induces inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1, ID3), which suppress transcription factor activities to regulate gene expression. Our study will determine whether ID1and ID3 proteins are downstream targets of BMP4, which attenuates TGF-β2 induction of ECM proteins in TM cells. Methods Primary human TM cells were treated with BMP4, and ID1 and ID3 mRNA, and protein expression was determined by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and Western immunoblotting. Intracellular ID1 and ID3 protein localization was studied by immunocytochemistry. Transformed human TM cells (GTM3 cells) were transfected with ID1 or ID3 expression vectors to determine their potential inhibitory effects on TGF-β2–induced fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-1) protein expression. Results Basal expression of ID1-3 was detected in primary human TM cells. Bone morphogenic protein 4 significantly induced early expression of ID1 and ID3 mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein in primary TM cells, and a BMP receptor inhibitor blocked this induction. Overexpression of ID1 and ID3 significantly inhibited TGF-β2–induced expression of fibronectin and PAI-1 in TM cells (P < 0.01). Conclusions Bone morphogenic protein 4 induced ID1 and ID3 expression suppresses TGF-β2 profibrotic activity in human TM cells. In the future, targeting specific regulators may control the TGF-β2 profibrotic effects on the TM, leading to disease modifying IOP lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Robert J Wordinger
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Furchtgott LA, Melton S, Menon V, Ramanathan S. Discovering sparse transcription factor codes for cell states and state transitions during development. eLife 2017; 6:e20488. [PMID: 28296636 PMCID: PMC5352226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational analysis of gene expression to determine both the sequence of lineage choices made by multipotent cells and to identify the genes influencing these decisions is challenging. Here we discover a pattern in the expression levels of a sparse subset of genes among cell types in B- and T-cell developmental lineages that correlates with developmental topologies. We develop a statistical framework using this pattern to simultaneously infer lineage transitions and the genes that determine these relationships. We use this technique to reconstruct the early hematopoietic and intestinal developmental trees. We extend this framework to analyze single-cell RNA-seq data from early human cortical development, inferring a neocortical-hindbrain split in early progenitor cells and the key genes that could control this lineage decision. Our work allows us to simultaneously infer both the identity and lineage of cell types as well as a small set of key genes whose expression patterns reflect these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Furchtgott
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Samuel Melton
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Vilas Menon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Sharad Ramanathan
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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15
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Roschger C, Cabrele C. The Id-protein family in developmental and cancer-associated pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28122577 PMCID: PMC5267474 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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16
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Different Degrees of Iodine Deficiency Inhibit Differentiation of Cerebellar Granular Cells in Rat Offspring, via BMP-Smad1/5/8 Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4606-17. [PMID: 26307610 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID) during development results in dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) and affects psychomotor and motor function. It is worth noting that maternal mild and marginal ID tends to be the most common reason of preventable neurodevelopmental impairment, via a mechanism that has not been elucidated. Therefore, our aim was to study the effects of developmental mild and marginal ID on the differentiation of cerebellar granule cells (GCs) and investigate the activation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, which is crucial for the development and differentiation of cerebellum. Three developmental rat models were created by feeding dam rats with a diet deficient in iodine and deionized water supplemented with potassium iodide. Our results showed that different degrees of ID inhibited and delayed the differentiation of cerebellar GCs on postnatal day (PN) 7, PN14, and PN21. Moreover, mild and severe ID reduced the expression of BMP2 and p-Smad1/5/8, and increased the levels of Id2 on PN7, PN14, and PN21. However, marginal ID rarely altered expression of these proteins in the offspring. Our study supports the hypothesis that mild and severe ID during development inhibits the differentiation of cerebellar GCs, which may be ascribed to the down-regulation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling and the overexpression of Id2. Furthermore, it was speculated that maternal marginal ID rarely affected the differentiation of cerebellar GCs in the offspring.
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17
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Diotel N, Beil T, Strähle U, Rastegar S. Differential expression of id genes and their potential regulator znf238 in zebrafish adult neural progenitor cells and neurons suggests distinct functions in adult neurogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 19:1-13. [PMID: 26107416 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish display a remarkable ability to generate new neurons and to repair brain lesions during adulthood. They are, therefore, a very popular model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of constitutive and induced neurogenesis in adult vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of inhibitor of DNA binding (id) genes and of their potential transcriptional repressor, znf238, in the whole brain of adult zebrafish. We show that while id1 is exclusively expressed in ventricular cells in the whole brain, id2a, id3 and id4 genes are expressed in broader areas. Interestingly, znf238 was also detected in these regions, its expression overlapping with id2a, id3 and id4 expression. Further detailed characterization of the id-expressing cells demonstrated that (a) id1 is expressed in type 1 and type 2 neural progenitors as previously published, (b) id2a in type 1, 2 and 3 neural progenitors, (c) id3 in type 3 neural progenitors and (d) id4 in postmitotic neurons. Our data provide a detailed map of id and znf238 expression in the brain of adult zebrafish, supplying a framework for studies of id genes function during adult neurogenesis and brain regeneration in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diotel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
| | - Tanja Beil
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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18
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Azim K, Hurtado-Chong A, Fischer B, Kumar N, Zweifel S, Taylor V, Raineteau O. Transcriptional Hallmarks of Heterogeneous Neural Stem Cell Niches of the Subventricular Zone. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2232-42. [PMID: 25827345 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Throughout postnatal life in mammals, neural stem cells (NSCs) are located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. The greatest diversity of neuronal and glial lineages they generate occurs during early postnatal life in a region-specific manner. In order to probe heterogeneity of the postnatal SVZ, we microdissected its dorsal and lateral walls at different postnatal ages and isolated NSCs and their immediate progeny based on their expression of Hes5-EGFP/Prominin1 and Ascl1-EGFP, respectively. Whole genome comparative transcriptome analysis revealed transcriptional regulators as major hallmarks that sustain postnatal SVZ regionalization. Manipulation of single genes encoding for locally enriched transcription factors (loss-of-function or ectopic gain-of-function in vivo) influenced NSC specification indicating that the fate of regionalized postnatal SVZ-NSCs can be readily modified. These findings reveal the pronounced transcriptional heterogeneity of the postnatal SVZ and provide targets to recruit region-specific lineages in regenerative contexts. Stem Cells 2015;33:2232-2242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasum Azim
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anahí Hurtado-Chong
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Fischer
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zweifel
- Inserm U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Raineteau
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Inserm U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
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19
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Lee JC, Chen BH, Cho JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Tae HJ, Cho GS, Yan BC, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Park J, Lee YL, Choi SY, Won MH. Changes in the expression of DNA-binding/differentiation protein inhibitors in neurons and glial cells of the gerbil hippocampus following transient global cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2477-85. [PMID: 25503067 PMCID: PMC4337738 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA-binding/differentiation (ID) proteins bind to basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, including those that regulate differentiation and cell-cycle progression during development, and regulate gene transcription. However, little is known about the role of ID proteins in the brain under transient cerebral ischemic conditions. In the present study, we examined the effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury on the immunoreactivity and protein levels of IDs 1–4 in the gerbil hippocampus proper Cornu Ammonis regions CA1–3 following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Strong ID1 immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1–3 regions; immunoreactivity was significantly changed following I-R in the CA1 region, but not in the CA2/3 region. Five days following I-R, ID1 immunoreactivity was not detected in the CA1 pyramidal neurons. ID1 immunoreactivity was detected only in GABAergic interneurons in the ischemic CA1 region. Weak ID4 immunoreactivity was detected in non-pyramidal cells, and immunoreactivity was again only changed in the ischemic CA1 region. Five days following I-R, strong ID4 immunoreactivity was detected in non-pyramidal cells, which were identified as microglia, and not astrocytes, in the ischemic CA1 region. Furthermore, changes in the protein levels of ID1 and ID4 in the ischemic CA1 region studied by western blot were consistent with patterns of immunoreactivity. In summary, these results indicate that immunoreactivity and protein levels of ID1 and ID4 are distinctively altered following transient cerebral ischemia only in the CA1 region, and that the changes in ID1 and ID4 expression may relate to the ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Institute of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 210‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‑742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
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Mao S, Li H, Sun Q, Zen K, Zhang CY, Li L. miR-17 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of the neural precursor cells during mouse corticogenesis. FEBS J 2014; 281:1144-58. [PMID: 24314167 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small, non-coding nucleotides that repress gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In mammals, the developing brain contains a large, diverse group of miRNAs, which suggests that they play crucial roles in neural development. In the present study, we analyzed the miRNA expression patterns in the mouse cortex at various developmental stages. We found that miR-17 family miRNAs were highly expressed in the cortex during early developmental stages, and that their expression levels gradually decreased as the cortex developed. Further investigation revealed that the change in miR-17-5p expression occurred in the ventricular zone/sub-ventricular zone. In addition to promoting cell proliferation, miR-17-5p also influences the differentiation fate of neural precursor cells exposed to bone morphogenetic protein 2. Moreover, we show that these effects of miR-17-5p were mainly the result of regulating the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway by repressing expression of the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-17 family members play a pivotal role in regulating cell activity during early development of the mouse cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Mao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, China
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21
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Molofsky AV, Glasgow SM, Chaboub LS, Tsai HH, Murnen AT, Kelley KW, Fancy SPJ, Yuen TJ, Madireddy L, Baranzini S, Deneen B, Rowitch DH, Oldham MC. Expression profiling of Aldh1l1-precursors in the developing spinal cord reveals glial lineage-specific genes and direct Sox9-Nfe2l1 interactions. Glia 2013; 61:1518-32. [PMID: 23840004 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Developmental regulation of gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS is incompletely understood, in part due to a limited repertoire of lineage-specific genes. We used Aldh1l1-GFP as a marker for gliogenic radial glia and later-stage precursors of developing astrocytes and performed gene expression profiling of these cells. We then used this dataset to identify candidate transcription factors that may serve as glial markers or regulators of glial fate. Our analysis generated a database of developmental stage-related markers of Aldh1l1+ cells between murine embryonic day 13.5-18.5. Using these data we identify the bZIP transcription factor Nfe2l1 and demonstrate that it promotes glial fate under direct Sox9 regulatory control. Thus, this dataset represents a resource for identifying novel regulators of glial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Molofsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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22
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Snyder AD, Dulin-Smith AN, Houston RH, Durban AN, Brisbin BJ, Oostra TD, Marshall JT, Kahwash BM, Pierson CR. Expression pattern of id proteins in medulloblastoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:437-46. [PMID: 23397264 PMCID: PMC3826575 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding or inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins are up regulated in a variety of neoplasms, particularly in association with high-grade, poorly differentiated tumors, while differentiated tissues show little or no Id expression. The four Id genes are members of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcription factors and act as negative regulators of transcription by binding to and sequestering HLH complexes. We tested the hypothesis that Id proteins are overexpressed in medulloblastoma by performing immunohistochemistry using a medulloblastoma tissue microarray with 45 unique medulloblastoma and 11 normal control cerebella, and antibodies specific for Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4. A semi-quantitative staining score that took staining intensity and the proportion of immunoreactive cells into account was used. Id1 was not detected in normal cerebella or in medulloblastoma cells, but 78 % of tumors showed strong Id1 expression in endothelial nuclei of tumor vessels. Id2 expression was scant in normal cerebella and increased in medulloblastoma (median staining score: 4). Id3 expression was noted in some neurons of the developing cerebellar cortex, but it was markedly up regulated in medulloblastoma (median staining score: 12) and in tumor endothelial cells. Id4 was not expressed in normal cerebella or in tumor cells. Id2 or Id3 overexpression drove proliferation in medulloblastoma cell lines by altering the expression of critical cell cycle regulatory proteins in favor of cell proliferation. This study shows that Id1 expression in endothelial cells may contribute to angiogenic processes and that increased expression of Id2 and Id3 in medulloblastoma is potentially involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Snyder
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Ronald H. Houston
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley N. Durban
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bethany J. Brisbin
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA, The Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyler D. Oostra
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA, The Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordan T. Marshall
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Basil M. Kahwash
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pierson
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA, The Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Anatomic Pathology, J0359, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Transcriptional Regulation and Specification of Neural Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 786:129-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yuan Q, Zhao S, Liu S, Zhang Y, Fu J, Wang F, Liu Q, Ling EA, Hao A. Folic acid supplementation changes the fate of neural progenitors in mouse embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:1202-12. [PMID: 23260036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid has been shown to decrease the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in normal and hyperglycemic conditions, but the influence of folic acid on the development of central nervous system is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of folic acid, especially high dose of folic acid, on the characteristics of neural progenitors in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic mouse. Hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnant mice were given 3 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg folic acid from embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5) and were euthanased on E11.5, E13.5 or E18.5. The incidence of NTDs at E13.5 was counted. The proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of neural progenitors and neuronal migration were determined using BrdU incorporation assay, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Both normal and high doses of folic acid decreased the incidence of NTDs, promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic mice. Importantly, folic acid, especially at high dose, might affect the premature differentiation of neural progenitors in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy. This may be attributed to changes of messenger RNA expression levels of some basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors. In addition, folic acid might be involved in regulating neuronal migration in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy. These findings suggest that periconceptional supplementation of folic acid, especially at high dose, may be a double-edged sword because it may result in undesirable outcomes affecting both the neuronal and glial differentiation in hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
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Rosenthal EH, Tonchev AB, Stoykova A, Chowdhury K. Regulation of archicortical arealization by the transcription factor Zbtb20. Hippocampus 2012; 22:2144-56. [PMID: 22689450 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of regionalization of the medial pallium (MP), the anlage of the hippocampus, and transitional (cingulate and retrosplenial) cortices are largely unknown. Previous analyses have outlined an important role of the transcription factor (TF) Zbtb20 for hippocampal CA1 field specification (Nielsen et al. (2007) Development 134:1133-1140; Nielsen et al. (2010) Cereb Cortex 20:1904-1914; Xie et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:6510-6515). Here, we present novel data showing that Zbtb20 exhibits a ventral(high)-to-dorsal(low) gradient of expression in MP progenitors as well as an expression in postmitotic cells at the transitional cortex/neocortex border. Our detailed pattern analysis revealed that in Zbtb20 loss-of-function the molecular borders between neocortical, transitional, and hippocampal fields are progressively shifted ventrally, leading to an ectopic positioning of all dorsal fields into the neighboring ventrally located areas. Thus, in addition to its known importance for the specification of the hippocampal CA1 sector, the graded expression of TF Zbtb20 in ventricular zone of MP appears to translate early positional information for establishment of all developing MP fields. Our data also suggest that the signaling factor Wnt3a is a putative molecular partner of TF Zbtb20 in this patterning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H Rosenthal
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, Goettingen, Germany
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26
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Hirai S, Miwa A, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Kasai M, Okabe S, Hata Y, Okado H. RP58 controls neuron and astrocyte differentiation by downregulating the expression of Id1-4 genes in the developing cortex. EMBO J 2012; 31:1190-202. [PMID: 22234186 PMCID: PMC3297993 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate number of neurons and glial cells is generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) by the regulation of cell cycle exit and subsequent differentiation. Although the regulatory mechanism remains obscure, Id (inhibitor of differentiation) proteins are known to contribute critically to NSC proliferation by controlling cell cycle. Here, we report that a transcriptional factor, RP58, negatively regulates all four Id genes (Id1-Id4) in developing cerebral cortex. Consistently, Rp58 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated enhanced astrogenesis accompanied with an excess of NSCs. These phenotypes were mimicked by the overexpression of all Id genes in wild-type cortical progenitors. Furthermore, Rp58 KO phenotypes were rescued by the knockdown of all Id genes in mutant cortical progenitors but not by the knockdown of each single Id gene. Finally, we determined p57 as an effector gene of RP58-Id-mediated cell fate control. These findings establish RP58 as a novel key regulator that controls the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs and restriction of astrogenesis by repressing all Id genes during corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Hirai
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miwa
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasai
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Yu P, Zhang YP, Shields LBE, Zheng Y, Hu X, Hill R, Howard R, Gu Z, Burke DA, Whittemore SR, Xu XM, Shields CB. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 promotes sensory axonal growth after SCI. Exp Neurol 2011; 231:38-44. [PMID: 21679705 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether neuronal inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), a regulator of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, can activate the intrinsic neuritogenetic mode of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in adult mice following spinal cord injury (SCI). First, the Id2 developmental expression profile of DRG neurons, along with the correlated activity of Cdh1-anaphase promoting complex (Cdh1-APC), was characterized. Next, a D-box mutant Id2 (Id2DBM) adenoviral vector, resistant to Cdh1-APC degradation, was developed to enhance neuronal Id2 expression. After the vector was introduced into DRG neurons, the effect of Id2 on neurite outgrowth of cultured DRG neurons and sensory axonal regeneration following spinal cord dorsal hemisection was evaluated. The expression of Id2 in DRG neurons was high in the embryonic stage, downregulated after birth, and significantly reduced in the adult. Expression of Cdh1-APC was opposite to Id2, which may be responsible for Id2 degradation during DRG maturation. Overexpression of Id2DBM in DRG neurons enhanced neuritogenesis on both permissive and inhibitory substrates. Following spinal cord dorsal hemisection, overexpression of Id2DBM reduced axon dieback and increased the number and length of regenerative fibers into the lesion gap. Reprogramming the intrinsic growth status of quiescent adult DRG neurons by enhancing Id2 expression results in active neuritogenesis following SCI. Id2 may be a novel target for enhancing sensory axonal regeneration following injuries to the adult spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yu
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Du Y, Yip H. The expression and roles of inhibitor of DNA binding helix-loop-helix proteins in the developing and adult mouse retina. Neuroscience 2011; 175:367-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Wang LY, Niu ZZ, Hu BX, Wu JM, Jiang X, Hu XF, Huang WH, Ouyang J, Yu L, Qiu XZ. Long-term intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide induces high expression of Id2 in the brain of mice. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4193-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Cardozo A, Ielpi M, Gómez D, Argibay P. Differential expression of Shh and BMP signaling in the potential conversion of human adipose tissue stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro. Gene Expr 2010; 14:307-19. [PMID: 20635573 PMCID: PMC6042023 DOI: 10.3727/105221610x12717040569866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system (NS) has a limited self-repair capability and adult neurogenesis is limited to certain regions of the brain. This generates a great interest in using stem cells to repair the NS. Previous reports have shown the differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in neuron-like cells when cultures are enriched with growth factors participating in embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Therefore, it could be thought that there exists a functional parallelism between neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation of ASCs. For this reason, the goal of this work was to study the differential gene expression of Shh and BMP genetic pathways involved in cell fate determination and proliferation. In this study we demonstrated that hASCs are endowed with active Hedgehog and BMP signaling pathways through the expression of genes of both cascades and that their expressions are downregulated after neuronal induction. This idea is in accordance with the facts that Shh and BMP signaling is involved in the maintenance of cells with stem cells properties and that proliferation decreases during the process of differentiation. Furthermore, Noggin expression was detected in induced hASCs whereas there was no expression in noninduced cells, which indicates that these cells are probably adopting a neuronal fate because noggin diverts neural stem cells from glial to neuronal fate. We also detected FM1-43 and synaptophisin staining, which is evidence of the presence of putative functional presynaptic terminals, a neuron-specific property. These results could partially contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal differentiation of adult human nonneural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cardozo
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Shu H, Liu S, Song Y, Qiu K, Yang H. The modulatory effects of bHLH transcription factors with the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway on differentiation of neural progenitor cells derived from neonatal mouse anterior subventricular zone. Brain Res 2009; 1315:1-10. [PMID: 20018178 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) located adjacent to the lateral ventricles is the major site where neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are concentrated in the adult brain. NPCs in the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) generate neuronal precursors and migrate along a highly localized pathway--the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into interneurons. To investigate the modulatory effects of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors on differentiation from SVZa NPCs, we firstly examined the distribution of bHLH family members (Mash1, Id2, and Hes1) in cultured mouse SVZa NPCs and evaluated their regulatory effects on differentiation by transfection with Mash1, Id2, or Hes1 eukaryotic expression plasmid. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of bHLH transcription factors on the expression of downstream molecules of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, beta-catenin and (Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta). Our results demonstrated that Mash1, Id2, Hes1 were all widely expressed in in vitro progenies from mouse SVZa NPCs. Analyses of SVZa NPCs transfected with eukaryotic expression plasmids showed that Mash1 promoted neuronal differentiation from SVZa NPCs, while Id2 and Hes1 repressed neuronal differentiation. In addition, we found that Id2 and Hes1 simulated expression of beta-catenin and GSK-3beta, while Mash1 inhibited their expression. Our results suggest that the classic bHLH transcription factors, Mash1, Id2 and Hes1, play important roles in the regulation of differentiation from SVZa NPCs. This modulation is possibly mediated by a coordination of bHLH and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunQing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 2-V Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
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32
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Kimiwada T, Sakurai M, Ohashi H, Aoki S, Tominaga T, Wada K. Clock genes regulate neurogenic transcription factors, including NeuroD1, and the neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochem Int 2009; 54:277-85. [PMID: 19121353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system plays multiple roles in our bodies, and clock genes are expressed in various brain regions, including the lateral subventricular zone (SVZ) where neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist and postnatal neurogenesis continues. However, the functions of clock genes in adult NSPCs are not well understood. Here, we first investigated the expression patterns of Clock and Bmal1 in the SVZ by immunohistochemistry and then verified how the expression levels of 17 clock and clock-related genes changed during differentiation of cultured adult NSPCs using quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, we used RNAi to observe the effects of Clock and Bmal1 on neuronal differentiation. Our results revealed that Clock and Bmal1 were expressed in the SVZ and double-stained with the neural progenitor marker Nestin and neural stem marker GFAP. In cultured adult NSPCs, the clock genes changed their expression patterns during differentiation, and interestingly, Bmal1 started endogenous oscillation. Moreover, gene silencing of Clock or Bmal1 by RNAi decreased the percentages of neuronal marker Map2-positive cells and expression levels of NeuroD1 mRNA. These findings suggest that clock genes are involved in the neuronal differentiation of adult NSPCs and may extend our understanding of various neurological/psychological disorders linked to adult neurogenesis and circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kimiwada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Chen XS, Zhou DS, Yao ZX. The inhibitor of DNA binding 2 is mainly expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in adult rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2008; 428:93-8. [PMID: 18029094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) plays an important role in the brain both during embryogenesis and adulthood. But in adult rat brain, it is still unknown whether Id2 immunoreactivity mainly exhibits in neuronal, astrocytic and/or oligodendrocyte lineage cells. It is also unclear where and when Id2 immunoreactivity mainly exhibits in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. The present study showed 90% of Id2-immunoreactivity in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in such brain regions as the corpus callosum, optic chiasm, the longitudinal fasciculus of pons, the medial septal nucleus, the fimbria of hippocampus, the anterior commissure, and the pyramidal tract. Five percent of Id2-immunoreactivity was found in astrocytes. Id2 immunoreactivity was localized in neurons of only a few brain regions. Seventy percent of Id2 immunoreactivity was found in CC-1-positive mature oligodendrocytes. These observations suggest that Id2 may be mainly involved in terminal maturation of oligodendrocytes and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Shu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Developmental Biology, College of Basic Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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34
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Expression of helix-loop-helix proteins in classical hodgkin lymphoma: a possible explanation for a characteristic immunophenotype. Adv Anat Pathol 2008; 15:97-104. [PMID: 18418090 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0b013e3181661363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OGs) assemble the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system. Specification of cells into the OG lineage is largely the result of interplay between bone morphogenetic protein, sonic hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways, which regulate expression of transcription factors (TFs) dictating spatial and temporal aspects of oligodendrogenesis. Many of these TFs and others then direct OG development through to a mature myelinating OG. Here we describe signaling pathways and TFs that are inductive, inhibitory, and/or permissive to OG specification and maturation. We develop a basic transcriptional network and identify similarities and differences between regulation of oligodendrogenesis in the spinal cord and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danette J Nicolay
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, and Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, City Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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36
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Hansen TVO, Borup R, Marstrand T, Rehfeld JF, Nielsen FC. Cholecystokinin-2 receptor mediated gene expression in neuronal PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2007; 104:1450-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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37
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Yu D, Cook MC, Shin D, Silva DG, Marshall J, Toellner K, Havran WL, Caroni P, Cooke MP, Morse HC, MacLennan ICM, Goodnow CC, Vinuesa CG. Axon growth and guidance genes identify T‐dependent germinal centre B cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; 86:3-14. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.icb.7100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Australian National University Medical SchoolCanberraAustralia
| | - Dong‐Mi Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Diego G Silva
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Jennifer Marshall
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Wendy L Havran
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Pico Caroni
- Friedrich Miescher InstituteBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michael P Cooke
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research FoundationSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Ian CM MacLennan
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Australian Phenomics FacilityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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38
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Newton SS, Girgenti MJ, Collier EF, Duman RS. Electroconvulsive seizure increases adult hippocampal angiogenesis in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24:819-28. [PMID: 16930411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive seizure has a proven therapeutic application in the treatment of severe depression and treatment-resistant depression. Despite the efficacy of electroconvulsive seizure as a non-chemical antidepressant treatment, the mechanism of action is unclear. Elevation in hippocampal trophic factor expression and concomitant cellular proliferation are thought to play a role in its action. We examined whether the reported induction of angiogenic factors and endothelial cell proliferation leads to an increase in vascular density. Two hippocampal regions, the dentate gyrus and the stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM), were examined employing a combination of vascular density quantification, angiogenic gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry. A 6% increase in vascular density was observed in the dentate gyrus but this did not achieve statistical significance. The SLM of the hippocampus exhibited a robust 20-30% increase in vascular density and was accompanied by an increase in expression of inhibitor of differentiation-3. There was also an induction of the angiogenesis markers alphaVbeta3 integrin and Del1. Increases in the vascular density of the SLM could be in response to enhanced metabolic activity in this region. This is supported by the induction of glutamine synthetase and the glutamate transporter GLT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Newton
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Chong SW, Nguyen TTH, Chu LT, Jiang YJ, Korzh V. Zebrafish id2 developmental expression pattern contains evolutionary conserved and species-specific characteristics. Dev Dyn 2006; 234:1055-63. [PMID: 16252281 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of differentiation or inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) family are members of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) group of transcription factors that play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. They modulate the formation of active class A-class B basic HLH (bHLH) complexes. Ids lack the amino-terminal associated basic region necessary for DNA binding, thus sequestering the class A factors, inhibiting the formation of active class A-class B heterodimers and, therefore, are considered to act as dominant-negative regulators of differentiation pathways. We isolated zebrafish id2, and its expression during development was characterized. id2, in addition to regions of expression detected in Xenopus and mice, is also expressed in the tegmentum; midbrain-hindbrain boundary; cerebellum; rhombomeres 2,3,4,6; notochord; and corpuscles of Stannius. Furthermore, we show that expression of id2 is repressed in mind bomb mutants, suggesting a role of Notch upstream of Id2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wei Chong
- Laboratory of Fish Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore
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40
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Kitajima K, Takahashi R, Yokota Y. Localization of Id2 mRNA in the adult mouse brain. Brain Res 2006; 1073-1074:93-102. [PMID: 16443197 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Id proteins are negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and are involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Four members of the Id gene family exhibit closely related but distinct expression patterns in various mammalian organs of not only embryos but also adults. Among them, Id2 is known to be expressed in Purkinje cells and neurons in the cortical layers of the adult mouse brain, suggesting that Id2 is involved in some neural functions in the adult. To get insight into the role of Id2 in the nervous system, we investigated the localization of Id2 mRNA-expressing cells in the adult mouse brain in detail by in situ hybridization with the radiolabeled antisense probe and compared it with the localization of other Id gene family members. The results indicated that Id2 mRNA is detected in more varied brain regions than previously reported. These regions include the amygdaloid complex, caudate putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the anterior part of the subventricular zone. These results suggest the possibility that Id2 plays a role in the neural activity and cognitive functions. On the other hand, Id1 was barely detectable. Although moderate or low expression of Id3 was observed diffusely, high expression was observed in some specific regions including the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the external capsule. Id4 mRNA was detected in the regions such as the caudate putamen and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. Thus, the expression pattern of Id2 is distinct from those of other Id gene family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Kitajima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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41
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Muroyama Y, Fujiwara Y, Orkin SH, Rowitch DH. Specification of astrocytes by bHLH protein SCL in a restricted region of the neural tube. Nature 2005; 438:360-3. [PMID: 16292311 DOI: 10.1038/nature04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant and functionally diverse glial population in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanisms underlying astrocyte specification are poorly understood. It is well established that cellular diversification of neurons in the embryo is generated by position-dependent extrinsic signals and combinatorial interactions of transcription factors that direct specific cell fates by suppressing alternative fates. It is unknown whether a comparable process determines embryonic astrocyte identity. Indeed, astrocyte development is generally thought to take place in a position-independent manner. Here we show multiple functions of Stem cell leukaemia (Scl, also known as Tal1), which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, in the regulation of both astrocyte versus oligodendrocyte cell fate acquisition and V2b versus V2a interneuron cell fate acquisition in the p2 domain of the developing vertebrate spinal cord. Our findings demonstrate a regionally restricted transcriptional programme necessary for astrocyte and V2b interneuron development, with striking parallels to the involvement of SCL in haematopoiesis. They further indicate that acquisition of embryonic glial subtype identity might be regulated by genetic interactions between SCL and the transcription factor Olig2 in the ventral neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Muroyama
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Yeung SC, Yip HK. Developmental expression patterns and localization of DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id3) in the mouse retina. Neuroreport 2005; 16:673-6. [PMID: 15858404 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200505120-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Id3 (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation), a member of the Id helix-loop-helix protein family, has long been studied as a positive regulator of proliferation and a negative regulator of differentiation. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and cellular phenotypes of Id3 in postnatal and adult mouse retina. Id3 was mainly expressed in the early postnatal inner retina. From the late postnatal development towards adulthood, Id3 expression was confined to the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer. Colocalization analysis showed that Id3 positive cells were identified as retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells. The differential expression profiles of Id3 provide the groundwork for the elucidation of its possible role in retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Yeung
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Samanta J, Kessler JA. Interactions between ID and OLIG proteins mediate the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on oligodendroglial differentiation. Development 2004; 131:4131-42. [PMID: 15280210 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibits the generation of oligodendroglia and enhances generation of astrocytes by neural progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo. This study examined the mechanisms underlying the effects of BMP signaling on glial lineage commitment. Treatment of cultured neural progenitor cells with BMP4 induced expression of all four members of the inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family of helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors and blocked oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage commitment. Overexpression of Id4 or Id2 but not Id1 or Id3 in cultured progenitor cells reproduced both the inhibitory effects of BMP4 treatment on OL lineage commitment and the stimulatory effects on astrogliogenesis. Conversely, decreasing the levels of Id4 mRNA by RNA interference enhanced OL differentiation and inhibited the effects of BMP4 on glial lineage commitment. This suggests that induction of Id4 expression mediates effects of BMP signaling. Bacterial two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that ID4,and to a lesser extent ID2, complexed with the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription (bHLH) factors OLIG1 and OLIG2, which are required for the generation of OLs. By contrast, ID1 and ID3 did not complex with the OLIG proteins. In addition, the OLIG and ID proteins both interacted with the E2A proteins E12 and E47. Further, exposure of cultured progenitor cells to BMP4 changed the intracellular localization of OLIG1 and OLIG2 from a predominantly nuclear to a predominantly cytoplasmic localization. These observations suggest that the induction of ID4 and ID2, and their sequestration of both OLIG proteins and E2A proteins mediate the inhibitory effects of BMP signaling on OL lineage commitment and contribute to the generation of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Samanta
- Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Meulemans D, McCauley D, Bronner-Fraser M. Id expression in amphioxus and lamprey highlights the role of gene cooption during neural crest evolution. Dev Biol 2003; 264:430-42. [PMID: 14651928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are unique to vertebrates and generate many of the adult structures that differentiate them from their closest invertebrate relatives, the cephalochordates. Id genes are robust markers of neural crest cells at all stages of development. We compared Id gene expression in amphioxus and lamprey to ask if cephalochordates deploy Id genes at the neural plate border and dorsal neural tube in a manner similar to vertebrates. Furthermore, we examined whether Id expression in these cells is a basal vertebrate trait or a derived feature of gnathostomes. We found that while expression of Id genes in the mesoderm and endoderm is conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, expression in the lateral neural plate border and dorsal neural tube is a vertebrate novelty. Furthermore, expression of lamprey Id implies that recruitment of Id genes to these cells occurred very early in the vertebrate lineage. Based on expression in amphioxus we postulate that Id cooption conferred sensory cell progenitor-like properties upon the lateral neurectoderm, and pharyngeal mesoderm-like properties upon cranial neural crest. Amphioxus Id expression is also consistent with homology between the anterior neurectoderm of amphioxus and the presumptive placodal ectoderm of vertebrates. These observations support the idea that neural crest evolution was driven in large part by cooption of multipurpose transcriptional regulators from other tissues and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meulemans
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Pisano MM, Mukhopadhyay P, Greene RM. Molecular fingerprinting of TGFß-treated embryonic maxillary mesenchymal cells. Orthod Craniofac Res 2003; 6:194-209. [PMID: 14606523 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0544.2003.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF(beta)) family represents a class of signaling molecules that plays a central role in normal embryonic development, specifically in development of the craniofacial region. Members of this family are vital to development of the secondary palate where they regulate maxillary and palate mesenchymal cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. The function of this growth factor family is particularly critical in that perturbation of either process results in a cleft of the palate. While the cellular and phenotypic effects of TGF(beta) on embryonic craniofacial tissue have been extensively cataloged, the specific genes that function as downstream mediators of TGF(beta) in maxillary/palatal development are poorly defined. Gene expression arrays offer the ability to conduct a rapid, simultaneous assessment of hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed genes in a single study. Inasmuch as the downstream sequelae of TGF(beta) action are only partially defined, a complementary DNA (cDNA) expression array technology (Clontech's Atlas Mouse cDNA Expression Arrays), was utilized to delineate a profile of differentially expressed genes from TGF(beta)-treated primary cultures of murine embryonic maxillary mesenchymal cells. Hybridization of a membrane-based cDNA array (1178 genes) was performed with 32P-labeled cDNA probes synthesized from RNA isolated from either TGF(beta)-treated or vehicle-treated embryonic maxillary mesenchymal cells. Resultant phosphorimages were subject to AtlasImage analysis in order to determine differences in gene expression between control and TGF(beta)-treated maxillary mesenchymal cells. Of the 1178 arrayed genes, 552 (47%) demonstrated detectable levels of expression. Steady state levels of 22 genes were up-regulated, while those of 8 other genes were down-regulated, by a factor of twofold or greater in response to TGF(beta). Affected genes could be grouped into three general functional categories: transcription factors and general DNA-binding proteins; growth factors/signaling molecules; and extracellular matrix and related proteins. The extent of hybridization of each gene was evaluated by comparison with the abundant, constitutively expressed mRNAs: ubiquitin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cytoplasmic beta-actin and 40S ribosomal protein. No detectable changes were observed in the expression levels of these genes in-response to TGF(beta) treatment. Gene expression profiling results were verified by Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Utilization of cDNA microarray technology has enabled us to delineate a preliminary transcriptional map of TGF(beta) responsiveness in embryonic maxillary mesenchymal cells. The profile of differentially expressed genes offers revealing insights into potential molecular regulatory mechanisms employed by TGF(beta) in orchestrating craniofacial ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Pisano
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, ULSD University of Louisville Birth Defects Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Mehler MF. Mechanisms regulating lineage diversity during mammalian cerebral cortical neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2003; 39:27-52. [PMID: 12357985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-46006-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian cerebral cortical development, neural stem cells (NSCs) present within periventricular generative zones give rise to successive waves of neurons and radial glia, followed by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that orchestrate these precisely timed and progressive maturational events are still largely undefined. These developmental processes are likely to involve the dynamic interplay of environmental signals, cell-cell interactions and transcriptional regulatory events. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), an expanding subclass of the transforming growth factor beta cytokine superfamily, may represent an important set of environmental cues for these progressive maturational events because of the broad profiles of developmental expression of the requisite BMP ligands, receptor subunits and intracellular transduction elements, and because of their versatile roles in promoting a spectrum of cellular processes intimately involved in progressive neural fate decisions. The BMPs also interact with complementary regional environmental signals such as the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and sonic hedgehog (Shh) that promote earlier stages of NSC expansion, self-renewal, lineage restriction and incipient lineage commitment. The ability of these cytokines and trophic signals to act within specific neurodevelopmental contexts may, in turn, depend on the composite actions of cell-cell contact-associated signals, such as Notch-Hes-mediated lateral inhibitory pathways, and additional transcriptional modulatory events, such as those mediated by members of the inhibitor of differentiation (ID) gene family that encode a novel set of negative basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. In this chapter, we will examine the distinct roles of these different classes of developmental cues in defining the biological properties of an integrated cerebral cortical developmental signaling network. Ongoing studies in this exciting area of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) development will help to identify important molecular and cellular targets for evolving pharmacological, gene and stem cell therapeutic interventions to combat the pathological sequelae of a spectrum of acquired and genetic disorders of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Mehler
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Sato Y, Kobayashi Y, Sasaki H, Toyama T, Kondo S, Kiriyama M, Fujii Y. Expression of Id2 mRNA in neuroblastoma and normal ganglion. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2003; 29:284-7. [PMID: 12657241 DOI: 10.1053/ejso.2002.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibitors of DNA binding 2 (Id2) has been reported to be overexpressed in neuroblastoma cell lines carrying extra copies of the N-myc gene. It has been suggested that Id2 may be involved in the disturbed regulation of cell cycle by interfering with retinoblastoma protein. METHODS In this report we assessed Id2 gene expression in 20 neuroblastoma samples and eight normal ganglion tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Id2 expression in resected clinical samples of neuroblastoma needs to be studied. RESULTS Id2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed in all the neuroblastoma samples. The level of Id2 mRNA expression was not influenced by the patient's age, gender, tumor's clinical stage, DNA ploidy pattern, histological pattern, the level of N-myc mRNA expression and whether the patient was found by mass screening or by symptom. Id2 was also expressed in comparable levels in normal differentiated sympathetic ganglion in adult. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that Id2's role in the oncogenesis or progression of neuroblastoma is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sato
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan
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Castro PA, Pleasure SJ, Baraban SC. Hippocampal heterotopia with molecular and electrophysiological properties of neocortical neurons. Neuroscience 2003; 114:961-72. [PMID: 12379251 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cortical malformations resulting from aberrant brain development can be associated with mental retardation, dyslexia, and intractable forms of epilepsy. Despite emerging interest in the pathology and etiology of cortical malformations, little is known about the phenotype of cells within these lesions. In utero exposure to the DNA methylating agent methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) during a critical stage in neurodevelopment results in animals with distinct clusters of displaced neurons in hippocampus, i.e. nodular heterotopia. Here we examined the molecular and electrophysiological properties of cells within hippocampal heterotopia using rats exposed to MAM during gestation. Molecular analysis revealed that heterotopic cells do not express mRNA markers normally found in hippocampal pyramidal cells or dentate granule cells (SCIP, Math-2, Prox-1, neuropilin-2). In contrast, Id-2 mRNA, normally abundant in Layer II-III supragranular neocortical neurons but not in CA1 pyramidal neurons, was prominently expressed in hippocampal heterotopia. Current-clamp analysis of the firing properties of heterotopic neurons revealed a striking similarity with supragranular cortical neurons. In particular, both cells were characterized by small hyperpolarizing 'sag' potentials, high input resistance values, slow spike-train afterhyperpolarizations, and the absence of a depolarizing afterpotential. Normotopic CA1 pyramidal neurons (e.g. pyramidal cells with normal lamination adjacent to a heterotopia) in the MAM brain exhibited molecular and electrophysiological properties that were nearly identical to those of age-matched CA1 pyramidal neurons from control rats. We conclude that neuronal heterotopiae in the hippocampus of MAM-exposed rats are comprised of neurons with a Layer II-III supragranular cortex phenotype. The MAM model, therefore, may serve as a useful tool in examination of the factors influencing aberrant brain development and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Castro
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0520, 513 Parnassus Avenue, 94143, USA
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Abstract
Id proteins function as negative regulators of bHLH transcription factors by disrupting the homo- and/or hetero-dimerization of bHLH-bHLH transcription factors. Recent data from in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the complex biological functions of Id proteins in the regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and cell survival. Several advances in the understanding of Id-regulated neurogenesis have been made. Basically, Id proteins are positive regulators of neural cell proliferation, are required for neural cell cycle progression, and also play a role in the timing of oligodendroglial differentiation. Here we summarize recent findings regarding the regulation of Id proteins in neural cells and discuss the possible mechanisms of Id-regulated neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Biology, National Cheng Kung University, #1 Ta-Hsiueh Road, Tainan City, Taiwan 70101.
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Hinoi E, Balcar VJ, Kuramoto N, Nakamichi N, Yoneda Y. Nuclear transcription factors in the hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol 2002; 68:145-65. [PMID: 12450491 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian hippocampus, there is a trisynaptic loop that has been often referred to in studies on learning and memory mechanisms and their physiological correlate, the long-term potentiation (LTP). The three sets of synapses are formed by the fibers of perforant pathway terminating on granule cells and by the mossy fibers and Schaeffer collaterals making connections with the pyramidal cells. Each of the three types of synapses can develop LTP. LTP is accompanied by changes in gene expression and it is the nuclear transcription, involving specific transcription factors, that is the starting point for the series of biological amplifications and consolidations both necessary for such sustained changes. The transcription factors are proteins that control gene expression, development and functional formation in every eukaryotic cell. Two categories of transcription factors have been defined to date: general factors that comprise at least 20 proteins to form multiple preinitiation complex at the TATA box (TATA rich sequence) or regulatory factors that bind to promoter or enhancer regions at specific sites on the DNA close to, or distant from, the TATA box. Transcription factors have been divided into five different major classes according to unique protein motifs. These include basic domain, zinc-finger, helix-turn-helix, beta-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts and other transcription factors not specifically classified. Much evidence has been accumulating in favor of the participation of several transcription factors in the consolidation of memory in the mammalian hippocampus following a spatial memory task. It is, therefore, of great importance that the involvement of transcription factors in de novo protein synthesis relevant to the synaptic mechanisms that mediate the formation of long-term memory should be summarized and discussed. No specific correlation between transduction of extracellular signals and expression of nuclear transcription factors, however, has been demonstrated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Hinoi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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