1
|
Chen Z, Yang S, Huang J, Gu Y, Huang W, Liu S, Lin Z, Zeng Z, Hu Y, Chen Z, Yang B, Gui X. Flexible, Transparent and Conductive Metal Mesh Films with Ultra-High FoM for Stretchable Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38252258 PMCID: PMC10803711 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, achieving a flexible EMI shielding film, while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive copper (Cu) metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique. The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □-1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), and ultra-high figure of merit (> 13,000). It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability, with a resistance increases of only 1.3% after 1,000 bending cycles. As a stretchable heater (ε > 30%), the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110 °C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage. Moreover, the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5 μm. As a demonstration, it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yougen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Yu H, Liu Z, Huang J, Ma X, Liu Y, Sun Q, Dai L, Ahmad S, Shen Y, Wang M. Progress and Challenges Toward Effective Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:206. [PMID: 37651002 PMCID: PMC10471566 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous. The photoactive layer, i.e., the perovskite thin film, as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs), still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity. This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs. We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance. Furthermore, we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films, such as internal stress engineering, grain boundary modification, self-healing strategy, and crystallization regulation. The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed. As concluding remarks, we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixuan Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Dai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, University of Basque Country Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yan Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Q, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Device for Emerging Multifunctional and Smart Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210385. [PMID: 36880739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), owing to their exceptional performances in device efficiency, color purity/tunability in the visible region and solution-processing ability on various substrates, become a potential candidate for flexible and ultrathin electroluminescent (EL) lighting and display. Moreover, beyond the lighting and display, flexible QLEDs are enabled with endless possibilities in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligence by acting as input/output ports in wearable integrated systems. Challenges remain in the development of flexible QLEDs with the goals for high performance, excellent flexibility/even stretchability, and emerging applications. In this paper, the recent developments of QLEDs including quantum dot materials, working mechanism, flexible/stretchable strategies and patterning strategies, and highlight its emerging multifunctional integrations and smart applications covering wearable optical medical devices, pressure-sensing EL devices, and neural smart EL devices, are reviewed. The remaining challenges are also summarized and an outlook on the future development of flexible QLEDs made. The review is expected to offer a systematic understanding and valuable inspiration for flexible QLEDs to simultaneously satisfy optoelectronic and flexible properties for emerging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Georgiou E, Ioakeimidis A, Antoniou I, Papadas IT, Hauser A, Rossier M, Linardi F, Choulis SA. Non-Embedded Silver Nanowires/Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide/Polyethylenimine Transparent Electrode for Non-Fullerene Acceptor ITO-Free Inverted Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2023; 5:181-188. [PMID: 36711043 PMCID: PMC9878715 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO)-free solution-processed transparent electrodes are an essential component for the low-cost fabrication of organic optoelectronic devices. High-performance silver nanowires (AgNWs) ITO-free inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) usually require a AgNWs-embedded process. A simple cost-effective roll-to-roll production process of inverted ITO-free OPVs with AgNWs as a bottom transparent electrode requires solution-based thick metal oxides as carrier-selective contacts. In this reported study, we show that a solution-processed antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO)/polyethylenimine (PEI) electron-selective contact incorporated on the top of non-embedded AgNWs provides a high-performance ITO-free bottom electrode for non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) inverted OPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Georgiou
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Street, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Ioakeimidis
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Street, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Antoniou
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Street, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis T. Papadas
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Street, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
- Department
of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Alina Hauser
- Avantama
AG, Laubisruetistr. 50, Staefa 8712, Switzerland
| | | | - Flavio Linardi
- Avantama
AG, Laubisruetistr. 50, Staefa 8712, Switzerland
| | - Stelios A. Choulis
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Street, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin Y, Yao L, Zhang F, Li R, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng T, Lai W, Mi B, Zhang X, Huang W. Highly Stable Silver Nanowires/Biomaterial Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38021-38030. [PMID: 35959592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) possess excellent optoelectrical properties, mechanical robustness, and environmental adaptability are important for the industrial scale development of flexible electronics. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used in FTEs owing to their excellent optoelectrical properties and mechanical flexibility. However, the high surface roughness and poor stability of AgNWs FTEs still limit their practical applications. Here, highly stable FTEs are demonstrated via combining AgNWs and biomaterial propolis which is eco-friendly and antioxidative. The AgNWs/propolis composite transparent electrodes exhibit excellent optoelectrical performance as well as a smooth surface (root-mean-square roughness ∼ 6.2 nm). Meanwhile, the composite electrodes possess high mechanical stability (10,000 bending cycles), thermal stability, and environmental adaptability (60 °C and 85 ± 3% humidity for 700 h). The versatile composite FTEs show great potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes and pressure sensors, which exhibit high performance, mechanical stability, and environmental adaptability. Our strategy of introducing biocompatible materials into metallic nanowires opens up new possibilities to achieve high-quality FTEs in a simple and eco-friendly way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lanqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenyong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng X, Xing Z, Hu X, Chen Y. Large-area Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Printing Technologies and Modular Design. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
7
|
Electrochemical Redox In-Situ Welding of Silver Nanowire Films with High Transparency and Conductivity. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks with high transparency and conductivity are crucial to developing transparent conductive films (TCFs) for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, AgNW-based TCFs still suffer from the high contact resistance of AgNW junctions with both the in-plane and out-of-plane charge transport barrier. Herein, we report a rapid and green electrochemical redox strategy to in-situ weld AgNW networks for the enhanced conductivity and mechanical durability of TCFs with constant transparency. The welded TCFs show a marked decrease of the sheet resistance (reduced to 45.5% of initial values on average) with high transmittance of 97.02% at 550 nm (deducting the background of substrates). The electrochemical welding treatment enables the removal of the residual polyvinylpyrrolidone layer and the in-situ formation of Ag solder in the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. Furthermore, local conductivity studies confirm the improvement of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane charge transport by conductive atomic force microscopy. This proposed electrochemical redox method provides new insights on the welding of AgNW-based TCFs with high transparency and low resistance for the development of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, such conductive films based on the interconnected AgNW networks can be acted as an ideal supporter to construct heterogeneous structures with other functional materials for wide applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Silver nanowire flexible transparent electrode toward commercialization. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Liu Y, Liu B, Ma CQ, Huang F, Feng G, Chen H, Hou J, Yan L, Wei Q, Luo Q, Bao Q, Ma W, Liu W, Li W, Wan X, Hu X, Han Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Li Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Hu Z, Zhang ZG, Bo Z. Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part II device engineering). Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
Zeng G, Chen W, Chen X, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhang B, Chen H, Sun W, Shen Y, Li Y, Yan F, Li Y. Realizing 17.5% Efficiency Flexible Organic Solar Cells via Atomic-Level Chemical Welding of Silver Nanowire Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8658-8668. [PMID: 35469397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solution processable flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) are urgently needed to boost the efficiency and mechanical stability of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) on a large scale. However, how to balance the optoelectronic properties and meanwhile achieve robust mechanical behavior of FTEs is still a huge challenge. Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes, exhibiting easily tuned optoelectronic/mechanical properties, are attracting considerable attention, but their poor contacts at the junction site of the AgNWs increase the sheet resistance and reduce mechanical stability. In this study, an ionic liquid (IL)-type reducing agent containing Cl- and a dihydroxyl group was employed to control the reduction process of silver (Ag) in AgNW-based FTEs precisely. The Cl- in the IL regulates the Ag+ concentration through the formation and dissolution of AgCl, whereas the dihydroxyl group slowly reduces the released Ag+ to form metal Ag. The reduced Ag grew in situ at the junction site of the AgNWs in a twin-crystal growth mode, facilitating an atomic-level contact between the AgNWs and the reduced Ag. This enforced atomic-level contact decreased the sheet resistance, and enhanced the mechanical stability of the FTEs. As a result, the single-junction flexible OSCs based on this chemically welded FTE achieved record power conversion efficiencies of 17.52% (active area: 0.062 cm2) and 15.82% (active area: 1.0 cm2). These flexible devices also displayed robust bending and peeling durability even under extreme test conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiu Shen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bardet L, Papanastasiou DT, Crivello C, Akbari M, Resende J, Sekkat A, Sanchez-Velasquez C, Rapenne L, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Denneulin A, Bellet D. Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2785. [PMID: 34835550 PMCID: PMC8625099 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been intensively investigated in recent years. Thanks to their attractive physical properties in terms of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, as well as their mechanical performance, AgNW networks are promising transparent electrodes (TE) for several devices, such as solar cells, transparent heaters, touch screens or light-emitting devices. However, morphological instabilities, low adhesion to the substrate, surface roughness and ageing issues may limit their broader use and need to be tackled for a successful performance and long working lifetime. The aim of the present work is to highlight efficient strategies to optimize the physical properties of AgNW networks. In order to situate our work in relation to existing literature, we briefly reported recent studies which investigated physical properties of AgNW networks. First, we investigated the optimization of optical transparency and electrical conductivity by comparing two types of AgNWs with different morphologies, including PVP layer and AgNW dimensions. In addition, their response to thermal treatment was deeply investigated. Then, zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO2) protective films deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (AP-SALD) were compared for one type of AgNW. We clearly demonstrated that coating AgNW networks with these thin oxide layers is an efficient approach to enhance the morphological stability of AgNWs when subjected to thermal stress. Finally, we discussed the main future challenges linked with AgNW networks optimization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Bardet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Dorina T. Papanastasiou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Chiara Crivello
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - João Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Abderrahime Sekkat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Camilo Sanchez-Velasquez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Laetitia Rapenne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Aurore Denneulin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhai X, Dong P, Wang W, Jia J, Hu L, Feng G. Rapid nanowelding of silver nanowires by focused-light-scanning for high-performance flexible transparent electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505208. [PMID: 34571500 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2a83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most promising flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) material for next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, the large contact resistance between AgNWs could deteriorate the conductivity of FTEs. In the present work, high-performance AgNWs FTEs were obtained by means of focused-light-scanning (FLS), which could lead to the large-area, rapid and high-quality welding between AgNWs within a short time, forming the reliable and stable AgNWs network. The results of the optoelectronic tests show that after FLS, the sheet resistance of the AgNWs FTEs sharply decreased from 5113 Ω/sq to 7.7 Ω/sq, with maintaining a high transmittance (∼94%). Finally, a high-performance flexible transparent heater was fabricated by using FLS, showing reach a relatively high temperature in a short response time and rapid response at low input voltage. The findings offer an effective pathway to greatly improve the conductivity of AgNWs FTEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jia
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Feng
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Y, Xu B, Hou J. Solution‐Processed
Silver Nanowire as Flexible Transparent Electrodes in Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wageh S, Raïssi M, Berthelot T, Laurent M, Rousseau D, Abusorrah AM, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi AA. Digital printing of a novel electrode for stable flexible organic solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 8.5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14212. [PMID: 34244558 PMCID: PMC8270988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) mixed with single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) (10:1) and doped with (0.1 M) perchloric acid (HClO4) in a solution-processed film, working as an excellent thin transparent conducting film (TCF) in organic solar cells, was investigated. This new electrode structure can be an outstanding substitute for conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) for applications in flexible solar cells due to the potential of attaining high transparency with enhanced conductivity, good flexibility, and good durability via a low-cost process over a large area. In addition, solution-processed vanadium oxide (VOx) doped with a small amount of PEDOT-PSS(PH1000) can be applied as a hole transport layer (HTL) for achieving high efficiency and stability. From these viewpoints, we investigate the benefit of using printed SWNTs-PEDOT-PSS doped with HClO4 as a transparent conducting electrode in a flexible organic solar cell. Additionally, we applied a VOx-PEDOT-PSS thin film as a hole transporting layer and a blend of PTB7 (polythieno[3,4-b] thiophene/benzodithiophene): PC71BM (phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) as an active layer in devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were applied as an electron transport layer and Ag was used as the top electrode. The proposed solar cell structure showed an enhancement in short-circuit current, power conversion efficiency, and stability relative to a conventional cell based on ITO. This result suggests a great carrier injection throughout the interfacial layer, high conductivity and transparency, as well as firm adherence for the new electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdullah M Abusorrah
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun Y, Liu T, Kan Y, Gao K, Tang B, Li Y. Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Progress and Challenges. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Sun
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong Institute of Materials and Clean Energy Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Kan
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong Institute of Materials and Clean Energy Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Zhou J, Yan D, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Wang K. Effects of Concentration and Spin Speed on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092219. [PMID: 33925839 PMCID: PMC8123474 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a diameter of 40 nm and a length of 45 μm were dispersed into an ethanol solution to prepare AgNW solutions with concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. The AgNW solutions were then deposited on a glass substrate using spin-coating at 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm for 45 s, respectively, to prepare transparent electrodes. The results showed that the distribution of AgNWs on the substrate increased in density with the increase in the AgNW solution concentration and the decrease in spin speed. The effect of concentration on the distribution of AgNWs was greater than that of the spin speed. The transmittance of each electrode was between 84.19% and 88.12% at 550 nm, the average sheet resistance was between 20.09 and 358.11 Ω/sq, the highest figure of merit (FoM) was 104.42, and the lowest haze value was 1.48%. The electrode prepared at 1000 rpm with a concentration of 2 mg/mL and that prepared at 3000 rpm with a concentration of 3 mg/mL were very similar in terms of the average sheet resistance, transmittance at 550 nm, FoM, and haze value; thus, these two electrodes could be considered equivalent. The haze value of the electrode was positively correlated with the spin speed at low concentration, but that relationship became inverse as the concentration rose. For the AgNWs used in this experiment with an aspect ratio of 1125, the concentration of the AgNW solution should reach at least 2 mg/mL to ensure that the FoM of the electrode is greater than 35.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-182-6002-2588 (X.L.); +86-138-6182-3291 (Y.P.)
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Dejun Yan
- China State Shipbuilding Corporation Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou 510715, China; (D.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-182-6002-2588 (X.L.); +86-138-6182-3291 (Y.P.)
| | - Yong Wang
- China State Shipbuilding Corporation Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou 510715, China; (D.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Kehong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kitamura S, Iijima M, Tatami J, Fuke T, Hinotsu T, Sato K. Polymer Ligand Design and Surface Modification of Ag Nanowires toward Color-Tone-Tunable Transparent Conductive Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13705-13713. [PMID: 33715362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ag nanowire suspensions are one of the indispensable materials in the design and fabrication of flexible transparent conductive films. Although the required properties of Ag nanowire films, such as their high transparency, low haze, low contact resistance, and suppression of yellowing, are strongly related to the nanowire surface phenomena, approaches for the surface modification of polyol-synthesized Ag nanowires have rarely been reported. Here, we report the design of a polymer ligand and surface modification of Ag nanowires with the designed polymer to obtain color-tunable transparent conductive films through a simple casting and drying process. In this approach, we synthesized a series of functional polymer ligands by partially grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains (PEI-mPEG). The amine sites in PEI-mPEG were designed to act as adsorption sites as well as anchoring sites for an anionic blue dye for suppressing the yellow color tone of Ag nanowires. On the other hand, the PEG chains were designed to maintain the stability of the Ag nanowires in aqueous suspensions and to suppress corrosion of Ag nanowires, which is enhanced by the amine groups of PEI. The effect of the grafting ratio of PEG chains on PEI on the ligand-exchange behavior of the Ag nanowires, their dispersion stability in aqueous inks, and final film properties were investigated systematically. Furthermore, successful color tuning of the Ag nanowire film, without suppressing the conductive and optical properties, is demonstrated by loading anionic blue dye onto PEI-mPEG-modified Ag nanowires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Kitamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iijima
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Tatami
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Fuke
- Dowa Electronics Materials Co. Ltd., 1-3-1 Kaigandori, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Hinotsu
- Dowa Electronics Materials Co. Ltd., 1-3-1 Kaigandori, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8506, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Sato
- Dowa Electronics Materials Co. Ltd., 1-3-1 Kaigandori, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Yang Z, Gu Y, Wu Z, Wang G, Chen G, Huang M, Xu C, Ye C, Zhang W, Nai J, Peng Y, Pan J, Ye C. Enhanced stability of silver nanowire transparent conductive films against ultraviolet light illumination. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:055603. [PMID: 33059342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc1a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires are susceptible to degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. Encapsulating silver nanowire transparent conductive films (AgNW TCFs) with UV shielding materials usually result in the increasing of the sheet resistance or the decrease of the visible light transparency. Herein, we combine a reducing species (FeSO4) and a thin layer (overcoating) of UV shielding material to solve the stability and the optical performance issues simultaneously. The AgNW TCFs show excellent stability under continuous UV light illumination for 14 h, and their sheet resistance varies only 6%. The dramatic enhancement of the stability against UV light illumination for as-obtained TCFs will make them viable for real-world applications in touch panels and displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guinan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchu Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Nai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu G, Li Y. Metal‐microstructure based flexible transparent electrodes and their applications in electronic devices. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Duan L, Uddin A. Progress in Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903259. [PMID: 32537401 PMCID: PMC7284215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The organic solar cell (OSC) is a promising emerging low-cost thin film photovoltaics technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs has overpassed 16% for single junction and 17% for organic-organic tandem solar cells with the development of low bandgap organic materials synthesis and device processing technology. The main barrier of commercial use of OSCs is the poor stability of devices. Herein, the factors limiting the stability of OSCs are summarized. The limiting stability factors are oxygen, water, irradiation, heating, metastable morphology, diffusion of electrodes and buffer layers materials, and mechanical stress. The recent progress in strategies to increase the stability of OSCs is surveyed, such as material design, device engineering of active layers, employing inverted geometry, optimizing buffer layers, using stable electrodes and encapsulation materials. The International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability guidelines are also discussed. The potential research strategies to achieve the required device stability and efficiency are highlighted, rendering possible pathways to facilitate the viable commercialization of OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leiping Duan
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Ashraf Uddin
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Chen X, Xu G, Zeng G, Gu H, Chen H, Xu H, Yao H, Li Y, Hou J, Li Y. Realizing Ultrahigh Mechanical Flexibility and >15% Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells via a "Welding" Flexible Transparent Electrode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908478. [PMID: 32103580 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) still lag behind those of rigid devices and their mechanical stability is unable to meet the needs of flexible electronics at present due to the lack of a high-performance flexible transparent electrode (FTE). Here, a so-called "welding" concept is proposed to design an FTE with tight binding of the upper electrode and the underlying substrate. The upper electrode consisting of solution-processed Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and silver nanowire (AgNW) network is well welded by utilizing the capillary force effect and secondary growth of AZO, leading to a reduction of the AgNWs junction site resistance. Meanwhile, the poly(ethylene terephthalate) is modified by embedding the AgNWs, which are then used to link with the AgNWs in the upper hybrid electrode, thus enhancing the adhesion of the electrode to the substrate. By this welding strategy, critical bottleneck issues relating to the FTEs in terms of optoelectronic and mechanical properties are comprehensively addressed. The single-junction flexible OSCs based on this welded FTE show a high performance, achieving a record high PCE of 15.21%. In addition, the PCEs of the flexible OSCs are less influenced by the device area and display robust bending durability even under extreme test conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guiying Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song W, Peng R, Huang L, Liu C, Fanady B, Lei T, Hong L, Ge J, Facchetti A, Ge Z. Over 14% Efficiency Folding-Flexible ITO-free Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Eco-friendly Acid-Processed Electrodes. iScience 2020; 23:100981. [PMID: 32224434 PMCID: PMC7109630 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment-friendly manufacturing and mechanical robustness are imperative for commercialization of flexible OSCs as green-energy source, especially in portable and wearable self-powered flexible electronics. Although, the commonly adopted PEDOT:PSS electrodes that are treated with severely corrosive and harmful acid lack foldability. Herein, efficient folding-flexible OSCs with highly conductive and foldable PEDOT:PSS electrodes processed with eco-friendly cost-effective acid and polyhydroxy compound are demonstrated. The acid treatment endows PEDOT:PSS electrodes with high conductivity. Meanwhile, polyhydroxy compound doping contributes to excellent bending flexibility and foldability due to the better film adhesion between PEDOT:PSS and PET substrate. Accordingly, folding-flexible OSCs with high efficiency of 14.17% were achieved. After 1,000 bending or folding cycles, the device retained over 90% or 80% of its initial efficiency, respectively. These results represent one of the best performances for ITO-free flexible OSC reported so far and demonstrate a novel approach toward commercialized efficient and foldable green-processed OSCs. Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrodes based on eco-friendly acid were exploited 14.17% folding-flexible organic solar cells were realized The bending performance was significantly improved by interface bonding engineering
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Like Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Billy Fanady
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee S, Jang J, Park T, Park YM, Park JS, Kim YK, Lee HK, Jeon EC, Lee DK, Ahn B, Chung CH. Electrodeposited Silver Nanowire Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Thin-Film Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6169-6175. [PMID: 31933356 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have demonstrated high optical and electrical properties, even better than those of indium tin oxide thin films, and are expected to be a next-generation transparent conducting electrode (TCE). Enhanced electrical and optical properties are achieved when the diameter of the AgNWs in the network is fairly small, that is, typically less than 30 nm. However, when AgNWs with such small diameters are used in the network, stability issues arise. One method to resolve the stability issues is to increase the diameter of the AgNWs, but the use of AgNWs with large diameters has the disadvantage of causing a rough surface morphology. In this work, we resolve all of the aforementioned issues with AgNW TCEs by the electrodeposition of Ag onto as-spin-coated thin AgNW TCEs. The electrodeposition of Ag offers many advantages, including the precise adjustment of the AgNW diameter and wire-to-wire welding to improve the junction conductance while minimizing the increase in protrusion height because of the overlap of AgNWs upon increasing the diameter. In addition, Ag electrodeposition on AgNW TCEs can provide higher conductance than that of as-spin-coated AgNW TCEs at the same transparency because of the reduced junction resistance, which generates a superior figure of merit. We applied the electrodeposited (ED) AgNW network to a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell and compared the device performance to a device with a standard sputtered transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The cell fabricated by the electrodeposition method showed nearly equal performance to that of a cell with the sputtered TCO. We expect that ED AgNW networks can be used as high-performance and robust TCEs for various optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeob Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Jiseong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Taejun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Surface Technology Group , Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Incheon 21999 , Korea
| | - Joon Sik Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Yoon-Kee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Hyoung-Keun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Eun-Chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Ulsan , Ulsan 44610 , Korea
| | - Doh-Kwon Lee
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Byungmin Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Energy System Research , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Choong-Heui Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han Y, Chen X, Wei J, Ji G, Wang C, Zhao W, Lai J, Zha W, Li Z, Yan L, Gu H, Luo Q, Chen Q, Chen L, Hou J, Su W, Ma C. Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm 2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Ag/Cu Grid Transparent Conducting Electrode. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901490. [PMID: 31763148 PMCID: PMC6864593 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs), improvement in the efficiency of large-area flexible OSCs (>1 cm2) is crucial for real applications. However, the development of the large-area flexible OSCs severely lags behind the growth of the small-area OSCs, with the electrical loss due to the large sheet resistance of the electrode being a main reason. Herein, a high conductive and high transparent Ag/Cu composite grid with sheet resistance <1 Ω sq-1 and an average visible light transparency of 84% is produced as the transparent conducting electrode of flexible OSCs. Based on this Ag/Cu composite grid electrode, a high efficiency of 12.26% for 1 cm2 flexible OSCs is achieved. The performances of large-area flexible OSCs also reach 7.79% (4 cm2) and 7.35% (9 cm2), respectively, which are much higher than those of the control devices with conventional flexible indium tin oxide electrodes. Surface planarization using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and modification of the ZnO buffer layer by zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac) are two necessary steps to achieve high performance. The flexible OSCs employing Ag/Cu grid have excellent mechanical bending resistance, maintaining high performance after bending at a radius of 2 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wei
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Ji
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Junqi Lai
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wusong Zha
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Zerui Li
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Huiming Gu
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Wenming Su
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Qi Ma
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fan X, Nie W, Tsai H, Wang N, Huang H, Cheng Y, Wen R, Ma L, Yan F, Xia Y. PEDOT:PSS for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: Modifications, Strategies, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900813. [PMID: 31592415 PMCID: PMC6774040 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Substantial effort has been devoted to both scientific and technological developments of wearable, flexible, semitransparent, and sensing electronics (e.g., organic/perovskite photovoltaics, organic thin-film transistors, and medical sensors) in the past decade. The key to realizing those functionalities is essentially the fabrication of conductive electrodes with desirable mechanical properties. Conductive polymers (CPs) of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have emerged to be the most promising flexible electrode materials over rigid metallic oxides and play a critical role in these unprecedented devices as transparent electrodes, hole transport layers, interconnectors, electroactive layers, or motion-sensing conductors. Here, the current status of research on PEDOT:PSS is summarized including various approaches to boosting the electrical conductivity and mechanical compliance and stability, directly linked to the underlying mechanism of the performance enhancements. Along with the basic principles, the most cutting edge-progresses in devices with PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. Meanwhile, the advantages and plausible problems of the CPs and as-fabricated devices are pointed out. Finally, new perspectives are given for CP modifications and device fabrications. This work stresses the importance of developing CP films and reveals their critical role in the evolution of these next-generation devices featuring wearable, deformable, printable, ultrathin, and see-through characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Division of Materials Physics and ApplicationLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Hsinhan Tsai
- Division of Materials Physics and ApplicationLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Naixiang Wang
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Huihui Huang
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Rongjiang Wen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Liujia Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ge Y, Liu J, Liu X, Hu J, Duan X, Duan X. Rapid Electrochemical Cleaning Silver Nanowire Thin Films for High-Performance Transparent Conductors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12251-12257. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang H, Feng H, Wang H, Wan X, Liang J, Chen Y. Highly Conducting MXene-Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25330-25337. [PMID: 31268659 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MXene, a new class of two-dimensional materials, offers a unique combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity. This material has shown great promise in numerous applications including electromagnetic interference shielding, sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of transparent, conductive, and flexible MXene/silver nanowire (AgNW) hybrid films, resulting in the highest figure of merit (162.49) in the reported literature to date regarding an MXene-based transparent electrode. The hybrid films, prepared via a simple and scalable solution-processed method, exhibit good electrical conductivity, high transmittance, low roughness, work function matching, and robust mechanical performance. Following film fabrication, the hybrid electrodes were demonstrated to function as transparent electrodes in fullerene molecule PTB7-Th:PC71BM and nonfullerene molecule PBDB-T:ITIC organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In an effort to further improve the performance of flexible OPVs, a ternary structure of PBDB-T:ITIC:PC71BM was demonstrated, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.30%. Mechanical properties were also quantified, with the flexible ternary organic solar cells capable of retaining 84.6% of the original PCE after 1000 bending and unbending cycles to a 5 mm bending radius. These optoelectronic and mechanical performance metrics represent a breakthrough in the field of flexible optoelectronics.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Park K, Woo K, Kim J, Lee D, Ahn Y, Song D, Kim H, Oh D, Kwon S, Lee Y. High-Resolution and Large-Area Patterning of Highly Conductive Silver Nanowire Electrodes by Reverse Offset Printing and Intense Pulsed Light Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14882-14891. [PMID: 30919616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional printing technologies such as inkjet, screen, and gravure printing have been used to fabricate patterns of silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for a variety of electronic devices. However, they have critical limitations in achieving micrometer-scale fine line width, uniform thickness, sharp line edge, and pattering of various shapes. Moreover, the optical and electrical properties of printed AgNW patterns do not satisfy the performance required by flexible integrated electronic devices. Here, we report a high-resolution and large-area patterning of highly conductive AgNW TCEs by reverse offset printing and intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation for flexible integrated electronic devices. A conductive AgNW ink for reverse offset printing is prepared by carefully adjusting the composition of AgNW content, solvents, surface energy modifiers, and organic binders for the first time. High-quality and high-resolution AgNW micropatterns with various shapes and line widths are successfully achieved on a large-area plastic substrate (120 × 100 mm2) by optimizing the process parameters of reverse offset printing. The reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns exhibit superior fine line widths (up to 6 μm) and excellent pattern quality such as sharp line edge, fine line spacing, effective wire junction connection, and smooth film roughness. They are post-processed with IPL irradiation, thereby realizing excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, flexible OLEDs and heaters based on reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns are successfully fabricated and characterized, demonstrating the potential use of the reverse offset printing for the conductive AgNW ink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyutae Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Ahn
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongha Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kwon
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Zhang J, Xu G, Tao F, Zeng G, Zhang M, Yang YM, Li Y, Li Y. Highly Efficient Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Color Rendering Index Approaching 100. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807159. [PMID: 30663145 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutral-colored semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique application in no-visual-obstacle building-integrated photovoltaics. Toward this promising potential application, a synergistic effect is first proposed by employing a dielectric mirror and ternary photoactive layer with near-infrared absorption to tune the color perception as well as ST-OSC performance precisely. As a result, a neutral-color ST-OSC with high average transmittance of over 21% is successfully constructed, and a remarkable color-rendering index approaching 100 and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.37% are simultaneously achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest PCE reported for neutral-color ST-OSCs to date. Importantly, this synergistic effect is demonstrated to be a universal strategy that is not only suitable for various photoactive layer systems, but can also be implanted in flexible substrate. The resulting neutral-color flexible ST-OSCs also show a promising PCE of 8.76%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guiying Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Moyao Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Flexible ITO-free organic solar cells over 10% by employing drop-coated conductive PEDOT:PSS transparent anodes. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Sonntag L, Eichler F, Weiß N, Bormann L, Ghosh DS, Sonntag JM, Jordan R, Gaponik N, Leo K, Eychmüller A. Influence of the average molar mass of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) on the dimensions and conductivity of silver nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9036-9043. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the performance of Ag nanowire electrodes by adjusting the reaction conditions and the molar mass of PVP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sonntag
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| | - Franziska Eichler
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Nelli Weiß
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Ludwig Bormann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Dhriti S. Ghosh
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jannick M. Sonntag
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| | - Karl Leo
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01187 Dresden
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Seok HJ, Kim JK, Kim HK. Effective passivation of Ag nanowire network by transparent tetrahedral amorphous carbon film for flexible and transparent thin film heaters. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13521. [PMID: 30202005 PMCID: PMC6131521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed effective passivation method of flexible Ag nanowire (NW) network electrodes using transparent tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film prepared by filtered cathode vacuum arc (FCVA) coating. Even at room temperature process of FCVA, the ta-C passivation layer effectively protect Ag NW network electrode and improved the ambient stability of Ag NW network without change of sheet resistance of Ag NW network. In addition, ta-C coated Ag NW electrode showed identical critical inner and outer bending radius to bare Ag NW due to the thin thickness of ta-C passivation layer. The time-temperature profiles demonstrate that the performance of the transparent and flexible thin film heater (TFH) with the ta-C/Ag NW network is better than that of a TFH with Ag NW electrodes due to thermal stability of FCVA grown ta-C layer. In addition, the transparent and flexible TFHs with ta-C/Ag NW showed robustness against external force due to its high hardness and wear resistance. This indicates that the FCVA coated ta-C is promising passivation and protective layer for chemically weak Ag NW network electrodes against sulfur in ambient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Surface Process Laboratory, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797, Changwon-aero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Song W, Fan X, Xu B, Yan F, Cui H, Wei Q, Peng R, Hong L, Huang J, Ge Z. All-Solution-Processed Metal-Oxide-Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800075. [PMID: 29766587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
All-solution-processing at low temperatures is important and desirable for making printed photovoltaic devices and also offers the possibility of a safe and cost-effective fabrication environment for the devices. Herein, an all-solution-processed flexible organic solar cell (OSC) using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(styrenesulfonate) electrodes is reported. The all-solution-processed flexible devices yield the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.12% with high fill factor of over 70%, which is the highest value for metal-oxide-free flexible OSCs reported so far. The enhanced performance is attributed to the newly developed gentle acid treatment at room temperature that enables a high-performance PEDOT:PSS/plastic underlying substrate with a matched work function (≈4.91 eV), and the interface engineering that endows the devices with better interface contacts and improved hole mobility. Furthermore, the flexible devices exhibit an excellent mechanical flexibility, as indicated by a high retention (≈94%) of the initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a simple route to fabricate high-performance all-solution-processed flexible OSCs, which is important for the development of printing, blading, and roll-to-roll technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xi Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Bingang Xu
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huiqin Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gao H, Youssef K, Li L, Zhu X, Pei Q. Morphological study of an intrinsically stretchable photovoltaic bulk heterojunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huier Gao
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Kareem Youssef
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Lu Li
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu F, Xu W, Mao B, Shen W, Yu Y, Tan R, Song W. Preparation and cold welding of silver nanowire based transparent electrodes with optical transmittances >90% and sheet resistances <10 ohm/sq. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:208-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Transparent Electrode Based on Silver Nanowires and Polyimide for Film Heater and Flexible Solar Cell. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121362. [PMID: 29186012 PMCID: PMC5744297 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transparent, conductive, and flexible Ag nanowire (NW)-polyimide (PI) composite films were fabricated by a facile solution method. Well-dispersed Ag NWs result in percolation networks on the PI supporting layer. A series of films with transmittance values of 53–80% and sheet resistances of 2.8–16.5 Ω/sq were investigated. To further verify the practicability of the Ag NWs-PI film in optoelectronic devices, we utilized it in a film heater and a flexible solar cell. The film heater was able to generate a temperature of 58 °C at a driving voltage of 3.5 V within 20 s, indicating its potential application in heating devices that require low power consumption and fast response. The flexible solar cell based on the composite film with a transmittance value of 71% presented a power conversion efficiency of 3.53%. These successful applications proved that the fabricated Ag NWs-PI composite film is a good candidate for application in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
|