1
|
Hu Q, Huang Y, Wang Y, Ding S, Zhang M, Hua C, Li L, Xu X, Yang J, Yuan S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lu Y, Jin C, Wang D, Zheng Y. Ferrielectricity controlled widely-tunable magnetoelectric coupling in van der Waals multiferroics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3029. [PMID: 38589456 PMCID: PMC11001967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of various primary ferroic phases in atomically-thin van der Waals crystals have created a new two-dimensional wonderland for exploring and manipulating exotic quantum phases. It may also bring technical breakthroughs in device applications, as evident by prototypical functionalities of giant tunneling magnetoresistance, gate-tunable ferromagnetism and non-volatile ferroelectric memory etc. However, two-dimensional multiferroics with effective magnetoelectric coupling, which ultimately decides the future of multiferroic-based information technology, has not been realized yet. Here, we show that an unconventional magnetoelectric coupling mechanism interlocked with heterogeneous ferrielectric transitions emerges at the two-dimensional limit in van der Waals multiferroic CuCrP2S6 with inherent antiferromagnetism and antiferroelectricity. Distinct from the homogeneous antiferroelectric bulk, thin-layer CuCrP2S6 under external electric field makes layer-dependent heterogeneous ferrielectric transitions, minimizing the depolarization effect introduced by the rearrangements of Cu+ ions within the ferromagnetic van der Waals cages of CrS6 and P2S6 octahedrons. The resulting ferrielectric phases are characterized by substantially reduced interlayer magnetic coupling energy of nearly 50% with a moderate electric field of 0.3 V nm-1, producing widely-tunable magnetoelectric coupling which can be further engineered by asymmetrical electrode work functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Hu
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenqiang Hua
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Linjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Xiangfan Xu
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shengjun Yuan
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yunhao Lu
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chong SK, Cheng Y, Man H, Lee SH, Wang Y, Dai B, Tanabe M, Yang TH, Mao Z, Moler KA, Wang KL. Intrinsic exchange biased anomalous Hall effect in an uncompensated antiferromagnet MnBi 2Te 4. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2881. [PMID: 38570519 PMCID: PMC10991375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving spin-pinning at the interface of hetero-bilayer ferromagnet/antiferromagnet structures in conventional exchange bias systems can be challenging due to difficulties in interface control and the weakening of spin-pinning caused by poor interface quality. In this work, we propose an alternative approach to stabilize the exchange interaction at the interface of an uncompensated antiferromagnet by utilizing a gradient of interlayer exchange coupling. We demonstrate this exchange interaction through a designed field training protocol in the odd-layer topological antiferromagnet MnBi2Te4. Our results reveal a remarkable field-trained exchange bias of up to ~ 400 mT, which exhibits high repeatability and can be easily reset by a large training field. Notably, this field-trained exchange bias effect persists even with zero-field initialization, presenting a stark contrast to the traditional field-cooled exchange bias. The highly tunable exchange bias observed in this single antiferromagnet compound, without the need for an additional magnetic layer, provides valuable insight into the exchange interaction mechanism. These findings pave the way for the systematic design of topological antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Kong Chong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huiyuan Man
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seng Huat Lee
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bingqian Dai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Masaki Tanabe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ting-Hsun Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kathryn A Moler
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McRae AC, Wei G, Huang L, Yigen S, Tayari V, Champagne AR. Mechanical Control of Quantum Transport in Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313629. [PMID: 38558481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
2D materials (2DMs) are fundamentally electro-mechanical systems. Their environment unavoidably strains them and modifies their quantum transport properties. For instance, a simple uniaxial strain can completely turn off the conductance of ballistic graphene or switch on/off the superconducting phase of magic-angle bilayer graphene. This article reports measurements of quantum transport in strained graphene transistors which agree quantitatively with models based on mechanically-induced gauge potentials. A scalar potential is mechanically induced in situ to modify graphene's work function by up to 25 meV. Mechanically generated vector potentials suppress the ballistic conductance of graphene by up to 30% and control its quantum interferences. The data are measured with a custom experimental platform able to precisely tune both the mechanics and electrostatics of suspended graphene transistors at low-temperature over a broad range of strain (up to 2.6%). This work opens many opportunities to harness quantitative strain effects in 2DM quantum transport and technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C McRae
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Linxiang Huang
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Serap Yigen
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vahid Tayari
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Zhang S, Jia M, Wang T, Guan L, Tao J. Prediction of intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional CrInX 2 (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8183-8194. [PMID: 38380595 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, using density functional theory, novel two-dimensional (2D) CrInX2 (X = S, Se, Te) structures are predicted to be practical ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors. Phonon vibrations and molecular dynamics simulations verified their structural and thermodynamic stability. Sizable fully spin-polarized band gaps of 1.03 and 0.69 eV are found for CrInS2 and CrInSe2, while CrInTe2 exhibits half-metallic band nature (at 0 K with a perfect lattice). The high magnetic anisotropy energies are responsible for their long-range spin polarization. The Curie temperatures (Tc) are estimated to be 347, 397 and 447 K for CrInS2, CrInSe2 and CrInTe2, respectively, all well above the room-temperature. The high Tc originates from unusual FM direct exchange, the efficient super-exchange coupling between neighboring Cr eg-orbitals with zero virtual exchange gaps and the presence of dual Cr-X-Cr super-exchange channels. Our systematic study of the CrInX2 monolayer suggests that it could be a promising material for spintronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China.
| | - Minghao Jia
- School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Lixiu Guan
- School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Junguang Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Guo R, Wu D, Li X, Wu X. Turning Nonmagnetic Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfides into Room-Temperature Ferromagnets by the Synergistic Effect of Lattice Stretching and Charge Injection. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2293-2300. [PMID: 38386013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Exploring two-dimensional (2D) room-temperature magnetic materials in the field of 2D spintronics remains a formidable challenge. The vast array of nonmagnetic 2D materials provides abundant resources for exploration, but the strategy to convert them into intrinsic room-temperature magnets remains elusive. To address this challenge, we present a general strategy based on surface halogenation for the transition from nonmagnetism to intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in 2D MoS2 based on first-principles calculations. The derived 2D halogenated MoS2 are half-semimetals with a high Curie temperature (TC) of 430-589 K and excellent stability. In-depth mechanistic studies revealed that this marvelous nonmagnetism-to-ferromagnetism transition originates from the modulation of the splitting as well as the occupation of the Mo d orbitals by the synergy of lattice stretching and charge injection induced by the surface halogenation. This work establishes a promising route for exploring 2D room-temperature magnetic materials from the abundant pool of 2D nonmagnetic counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Yancheng Kangju Road Junior Middle School, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Ruyi Guo
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daoxiong Wu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui F, He K, Wu S, Zhang H, Lu Y, Li Z, Hu J, Pan S, Zhu L, Huan Y, Li B, Duan X, Ji Q, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Stoichiometry-Tunable Synthesis and Magnetic Property Exploration of Two-Dimensional Chromium Selenides. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6276-6285. [PMID: 38354364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Emerging 2D chromium-based dichalcogenides (CrXn (X = S, Se, Te; 0 < n ≤ 2)) have provoked enormous interests due to their abundant structures, intriguing electronic and magnetic properties, excellent environmental stability, and great application potentials in next generation electronics and spintronics devices. Achieving stoichiometry-controlled synthesis of 2D CrXn is of paramount significance for such envisioned investigations. Herein, we report the stoichiometry-controlled syntheses of 2D chromium selenide (CrxSey) materials (rhombohedral Cr2Se3 and monoclinic Cr3Se4) via a Cr-self-intercalation route by designing two typical chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategies. We have also clarified the different growth mechanisms, distinct chemical compositions, and crystal structures of the two type materials. Intriguingly, we reveal that the ultrathin Cr2Se3 nanosheets exhibit a metallic feature, while the Cr3Se4 nanosheets present a transition from p-type semiconductor to metal upon increasing the flake thickness. Moreover, we have also uncovered the ferromagnetic properties of 2D Cr2Se3 and Cr3Se4 below ∼70 K and ∼270 K, respectively. Briefly, this research should promote the stoichiometric-ratio controllable syntheses of 2D magnetic materials, and the property explorations toward next generation spintronics and magneto-optoelectronics related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kun He
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhu Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyuan Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yahuan Huan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Wang BY, Yu Y, Li Y, Ribeiro HB, Wang J, Xu R, Liu Y, Ye Y, Zhou J, Ke F, Harbola V, Heinz TF, Hwang HY, Cui Y. Interlayer engineering of Fe 3GeTe 2: From 3D superlattice to 2D monolayer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314454121. [PMID: 38232283 PMCID: PMC10823236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314454121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The discoveries of ferromagnetism down to the atomically thin limit in van der Waals (vdW) crystals by mechanical exfoliation have enriched the family of magnetic thin films [C. Gong et al., Nature 546, 265-269 (2017) and B. Huang et al., Nature 546, 270-273 (2017)]. However, compared to the study of traditional magnetic thin films by physical deposition methods, the toolbox of the vdW crystals based on mechanical exfoliation and transfer suffers from low yield and ambient corrosion problem and now is facing new challenges to study magnetism. For example, the formation of magnetic superlattice is difficult in vdW crystals, which limits the study of the interlayer interaction in vdW crystals [M. Gibertini, M. Koperski, A. F. Morpurgo, K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 408-419 (2019)]. Here, we report a strategy of interlayer engineering of the magnetic vdW crystal Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) by intercalating quaternary ammonium cations into the vdW spacing. Both three-dimensional (3D) vdW superlattice and two-dimensional (2D) vdW monolayer can be formed by using this method based on the amount of intercalant. On the one hand, the FGT superlattice shows a strong 3D critical behavior with a decreased coercivity and increased domain wall size, attributed to the co-engineering of the anisotropy, exchange interaction, and electron doping by intercalation. On the other hand, the 2D vdW few layers obtained by over-intercalation are capped with organic molecules from the bulk crystal, which not only enhances the ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC), but also substantially protects the thin samples from degradation, thus allowing the preparation of large-scale FGT ink in ambient environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yecun Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Bai Yang Wang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Henrique B. Ribeiro
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Jierong Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Feng Ke
- Department of Geological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Varun Harbola
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Tony F. Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Harold Y. Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yi Cui
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Zhang X, Xiang G. Recent advances in two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic materials Fe 3X( X=Ge and Ga)Te 2 and their heterostructures for spintronics. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:527-554. [PMID: 38063022 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their atomic thicknesses, atomically flat surfaces, long-range spin textures and captivating physical properties, two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, along with their van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs), have attracted much interest for the development of next-generation spin-based materials and devices. As an emergent family of intrinsic ferromagnetic materials, Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 has become a rising star in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science owing to their high Curie temperature and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Herein, we aim to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 and their vdWHs and provide a panorama of their physical properties and underlying mechanisms. First, an overview of Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 is presented in terms of crystalline and electronic structures, distinctive physical properties and preparation methods. Subsequently, the engineering of electronic and spintronic properties of Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 by diverse means, including strain, gate voltage, substrate and patterning, is surveyed. Then, the latest advances in spintronic devices based on 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 vdWHs are discussed and elucidated in detail, including vdWH devices that exploit the exchange bias effect, magnetoresistance effect, spin-orbit torque effect, magnetic proximity effect and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Finally, the future outlook is given in terms of efficient large-scale fabrication, intriguing physics and important technological applications of 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 and their vdWHs. Overall, this study provides an overview to support further studies of emergent 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 materials and related vdWH devices for basic science and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Houmes MJA, Baglioni G, Šiškins M, Lee M, Esteras DL, Ruiz AM, Mañas-Valero S, Boix-Constant C, Baldoví JJ, Coronado E, Blanter YM, Steeneken PG, van der Zant HSJ. Magnetic order in 2D antiferromagnets revealed by spontaneous anisotropic magnetostriction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8503. [PMID: 38129381 PMCID: PMC10739885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependent order parameter provides important information on the nature of magnetism. Using traditional methods to study this parameter in two-dimensional (2D) magnets remains difficult, however, particularly for insulating antiferromagnetic (AF) compounds. Here, we show that its temperature dependence in AF MPS3 (M(II) = Fe, Co, Ni) can be probed via the anisotropy in the resonance frequency of rectangular membranes, mediated by a combination of anisotropic magnetostriction and spontaneous staggered magnetization. Density functional calculations followed by a derived orbital-resolved magnetic exchange analysis confirm and unravel the microscopic origin of this magnetization-induced anisotropic strain. We further show that the temperature and thickness dependent order parameter allows to deduce the material's critical exponents characterising magnetic order. Nanomechanical sensing of magnetic order thus provides a future platform to investigate 2D magnetism down to the single-layer limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurits J A Houmes
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriele Baglioni
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lee
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dorye L Esteras
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alberto M Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose J Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Yaroslav M Blanter
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Steeneken
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Wang X, Li S, Wang X, Pan M, Ai M, Yuan H, Peng X, Wang R, Li Q, Zheng F, Zhang P. Robust Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetism in Cr 5Te 8/CrTe 2 Heterostructure with Curie Temperature above 400 K. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23160-23168. [PMID: 37926969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals has generated widespread interest. The seeking of robust 2D ferromagnets with high Curie temperature (Tc) is vitally important for next-generation spintronic devices. However, owing to the enhanced spin fluctuation and weak exchange interaction upon the reduced dimensionalities, the exploring of robust 2D ferromagnets with Tc > 300 K is highly demanded but remains challenging. In this work, we fabricated air-stable 2D Cr5Te8/CrTe2 vertical heterojunctions with Tc above 400 K by the chemical vapor deposition method. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates a high-quality-crystalline epitaxial structure between tri-Cr5Te8 and 1T-CrTe2 with striped moiré patterns and a superior ambient stability over six months. A built-in dual-axis strain together with strong interfacial coupling cooperatively leads to a record-high Tc for the CrxTey family. A temperature-dependent spin-flip process induces the easy axis of magnetization to rotate from the out-of-plane to the in-plane direction, indicating a phase-dependent proximity coupling effect, rationally interpreted by first-principles calculations of the magnetic anisotropy of a tri-Cr5Te8 and 1T-CrTe2 monolayer. Our results provide a material realization of effectively enhancing the transition temperature of 2D ferromagnetism and manipulating the spin-flip of the easy axis, which will facilitate future spintronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Yang
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xina Wang
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics & Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Mingzhong Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoniu Peng
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ruilong Wang
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fawei Zheng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li B, Bai H, Yu Z, Li Y, Kwok CT, Feng W, Wang S, Ng KW. Electronic and magnetic properties of layered M 3Si 2Te 6(M = alkaline earth and transition metals). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:065801. [PMID: 37813101 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new layered material, Mn3Si2Te6, was identified to be a semiconductor with nodal-line topological property and ferrimagnetic ground state. In this work, we propose a series of structures, M3Si2Te6(M = alkaline earth and transition metals), and systematically investigate their mechanical, magnetic and electronic properties, and the strain effect to enrich the family of the layered materials for practical applications. We find 13 stable M3Si2Te6, including 5 semiconductors (M = Ca, Sr, Fe, Ru and Os) and 8 metals (M = Sc, Ti, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Tc). Two structures (M = Ti and Cr) are antiferromagnetic (AFM), while other structures are non-magnetic (NM). Similar to Mn3Si2Te6, the AFM structures exhibit magnetic anisotropy energies (MAEs) and semiconductors have anisotropic electron effective masses. We further show that compressions along thez-axis can effectively tune the electronic and magnetic properties, such as the semiconductor-metal and NM-AFM transition in Fe3Si2Te6, the two-fold degeneracy of the valence band maximums in Sr3Si2Te6, as well as the reduced MAE for all magnetic structures. These results demonstrate the diverse properties of the layered M3Si2Te6family and provide promising theoretical predictions for the future design of new layered materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Bai
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Tat Kwok
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Kar Wei Ng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cham TMJ, Dorrian RJ, Zhang XS, Dismukes AH, Chica DG, May AF, Roy X, Muller DA, Ralph DC, Luo YK. Exchange Bias Between van der Waals Materials: Tilted Magnetic States and Field-Free Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305739. [PMID: 37800466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic van der Waals heterostructures provide a unique platform to study magnetism and spintronics device concepts in the 2D limit. Here, studies of exchange bias from the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr acting on the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT) are reported. The orientation of the exchange bias is along the in-plane easy axis of CrSBr, perpendicular to the out-of-plane anisotropy of the FGT, inducing a strongly tilted magnetic configuration in the FGT. Furthermore, the in-plane exchange bias provides sufficient symmetry breaking to allow deterministic spin-orbit torque switching of the FGT in CrSBr/FGT/Pt samples at zero applied magnetic field. A minimum thickness of the CrSBr of >10 nm is needed to provide a non-zero exchange bias at 30 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - David A Muller
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumari P, Rani S, Kar S, Kamalakar MV, Ray SJ. Strain-controlled spin transport in a two-dimensional (2D) nanomagnet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16599. [PMID: 37789039 PMCID: PMC10547692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductors with controllable electronic transport coupled with magnetic behaviour, offering programmable spin arrangements present enticing potential for next generation intelligent technologies. Integrating and linking these two properties has been a long standing challenge for material researchers. Recent discoveries in two-dimensional (2D) magnet shows an ability to tune and control the electronic and magnetic phases at ambient temperature. Here, we illustrate controlled spin transport within the magnetic phase of the 2D semiconductor CrOBr and reveal a substantial connection between its magnetic order and charge carriers. First, we systematically analyse the strain-induced electronic behaviour of 2D CrOBr using density functional theory calculations. Our study demonstrates the phase transition from a magnetic semiconductor → half metal → magnetic metal in the material under strain application, creating intriguing spin-resolved conductance with 100% spin polarisation and spin-injection efficiency. Additionally, the spin-polarised current-voltage (I-V) trend displayed conductance variations with high strain-assisted tunability and a peak-to-valley ratio as well as switching efficiency. Our study reveals that CrOBr can exhibit highly anisotropic behaviour with perfect spin filtering, offering new implications for strain engineered magneto-electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kumari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India
| | - S Rani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India
| | - S Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India
| | - M Venkata Kamalakar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S J Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu P, Zhang Y, Li K, Li Y, Pu Y. Recent advances in 2D van der Waals magnets: Detection, modulation, and applications. iScience 2023; 26:107584. [PMID: 37664598 PMCID: PMC10470320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets provides an exciting platform for exploring magnetism in the monolayer limit. Exotic quantum phenomena and significant potential for spintronic applications are demonstrated in 2D magnetic crystals and heterostructures, which offer unprecedented possibilities in advanced formation technology with low power and high efficiency. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D van der Waals magnetic crystals. We focus mainly on van der Waals materials of truly 2D nature with intrinsic magnetism. The detection methods of 2D magnetic materials are first introduced in detail. Subsequently, the effective strategies to modulate the magnetic behavior of 2D magnets (e.g., Curie temperature, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic exchange interaction) are presented. Then, we list the applications of 2D magnets in the spintronic devices. We also highlight current challenges and broad space for the development of 2D magnets in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, CAS Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kehan Li
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongde Li
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Pu
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eom J, Lee IH, Kee JY, Cho M, Seo J, Suh H, Choi HJ, Sim Y, Chen S, Chang HJ, Baek SH, Petrovic C, Ryu H, Jang C, Kim YD, Yang CH, Seong MJ, Lee JH, Park SY, Choi JW. Voltage control of magnetism in Fe 3-xGeTe 2/In 2Se 3 van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5605. [PMID: 37699895 PMCID: PMC10497543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the voltage control of magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure device consisting of two distinct vdW materials, the ferromagnetic Fe3-xGeTe2 and the ferroelectric In2Se3. It is observed that gate voltages applied to the Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 heterostructure device modulate the magnetic properties of Fe3-xGeTe2 with significant decrease in coercive field for both positive and negative voltages. Raman spectroscopy on the heterostructure device shows voltage-dependent increase in the in-plane In2Se3 and Fe3-xGeTe2 lattice constants for both voltage polarities. Thus, the voltage-dependent decrease in the Fe3-xGeTe2 coercive field, regardless of the gate voltage polarity, can be attributed to the presence of in-plane tensile strain. This is supported by density functional theory calculations showing tensile-strain-induced reduction of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which in turn decreases the coercive field. Our results demonstrate an effective method to realize low-power voltage-controlled vdW spintronic devices utilizing the magnetoelectric effect in vdW ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeun Eom
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - In Hak Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeongdae Seo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Suh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Choi
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yumin Sim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Shuzhang Chen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyub Baek
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hyejin Ryu
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Chaun Jang
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Maeng-Je Seong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
- Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
| | - Jun Woo Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du K, Huang FT, Gamage K, Yang J, Mostovoy M, Cheong SW. Strain-Control of Cycloidal Spin Order in a Metallic Van der Waals Magnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303750. [PMID: 37358066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of magnetism through strain control is a captivating area of research with potential applications for low-power devices that do not require dissipative currents. Recent investigations of insulating multiferroics have unveiled tunable relationships among polar lattice distortions, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI), and cycloidal spin orders that break inversion symmetry. These findings have raised the possibility of utilizing strain or strain gradient to manipulate intricate magnetic states by changing polarization. However, the effectiveness of manipulating cycloidal spin orders in "metallic" materials with screened magnetism-relevant electric polarization remains uncertain. In this study, the reversible strain control of cycloidal spin textures in a metallic van der Waals magnet, Cr1/3 TaS2 , through the modulation of polarization and DMI induced by strain is demonstrated. With thermally-induced biaxial strains and isothermally-applied uniaxial strains, systematic manipulation of the sign and wavelength of the cycloidal spin textures is realized, respectively. Additionally, unprecedented reflectivity reduction under strain and domain modification at a record-low current density are also discovered. These findings establish a connection between polarization and cycloidal spins in metallic materials and present a new avenue for utilizing the remarkable tunability of cycloidal magnetic textures and optical functionality in van der Waals metals with strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Du
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Fei-Ting Huang
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Kasun Gamage
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - Maxim Mostovoy
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Y, Hu Y, Wang C, Zhou X, Hou X, Xia W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ding Y, He J, Dong P, Bao S, Wen J, Guo Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ji W, Wang ZJ, Li J. Fe-Intercalation Dominated Ferromagnetism of van der Waals Fe 3 GeTe 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302568. [PMID: 37285053 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fe3 GeTe2 have proven to be of greatly intrigue. However, the underlying mechanism behind the varying Curie temperature (Tc ) values remains a puzzle. This study explores the atomic structure of Fe3 GeTe2 crystals exhibiting Tc values of 160, 210, and 230 K. The elemental mapping reveals a Fe-intercalation on the interstitial sites within the van der Waals gap of the high-Tc (210 and 230 K) samples, which are observed to have an exchange bias effect by electrical transport measurements, while Fe intercalation or the bias effect is absent in the low-Tc (160 K) samples. First-principles calculations further suggest that the Fe-intercalation layer may be responsible for the local antiferromagnetic coupling that gives rise to the exchange bias effect, and that the interlayer exchange paths greatly contribute to the enhancement of Tc . This discovery of the Fe-intercalation layer elucidates the mechanism behind the hidden antiferromagnetic ordering that underlies the enhancement of Tc in Fe3 GeTe2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueshen Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuxiong Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiadian He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peng Dong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Song Bao
- School of Physics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jinsheng Wen
- School of Physics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei N, Ding Y, Zhang J, Li L, Zeng M, Fu L. Curvature geometry in 2D materials. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad145. [PMID: 37389139 PMCID: PMC10306360 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) material family can be regarded as the extreme externalization form of the matter in the planar 2D space. These atomically thin materials have abundant curvature structures, which will significantly affect their atomic configurations and physicochemical properties. Curvature engineering offers a new tuning freedom beyond the thoroughly studied layer number, grain boundaries, stacking order, etc. The precise control of the curvature geometry in 2D materials can redefine this material family. Special attention will be given to this emerging field and highlight possible future directions. With the step-by-step achievement in understanding the curvature engineering effect in 2D materials and establishing reliable delicate curvature controlling strategies, a brand-new era of 2D materials research could be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiran Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Linyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | - Lei Fu
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naskar M, Acharyya M, Vatansever E, Fytas NG. Disorder effects on the metastability of classical Heisenberg ferromagnets. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:014121. [PMID: 37583196 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.014121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we investigate the effects of disorder on the reversal time (τ) of classical anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets in three dimensions by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Starting from the pure system, our analysis suggests that τ increases with increasing anisotropy strength. On the other hand, for the case of randomly distributed anisotropy, generated from various statistical distributions, a set of results is obtained: (i) For both bimodal and uniform distributions, the variation of τ with the strength of anisotropy strongly depends on temperature. (ii) At lower temperatures, the decrement in τ with increasing width of the distribution is more prominent. (iii) For the case of normally distributed anisotropy, the variation of τ with the width of the distribution is nonmonotonic, featuring a minimum value that decays exponentially with the temperature. Finally, we elaborate on the joint effect of longitudinal (h_{z}) and transverse (h_{x}) fields on τ, which appear to obey a scaling behavior of the form τh_{z}^{n}∼f(h_{x}).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Naskar
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Muktish Acharyya
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Erol Vatansever
- Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, TR-35160, Izmir, Turkey
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos G Fytas
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ren H, Zhong J, Xiang G. The Progress on Magnetic Material Thin Films Prepared Using Polymer-Assisted Deposition. Molecules 2023; 28:5004. [PMID: 37446666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) has been widely used in the preparation of high-quality oxides and sulfides for basic research and applications. Specifically, diverse PAD-prepared magnetic material thin films such as ZnO, Ga2O3, SrRuO3, LaCoO3, LaMnO3, Y3Fe5O12, MoS2, MoSe2, and ReS2 thin films have been grown, in which thickness-dependent, strain-modulated, doping-mediated, and/or morphology-dependent room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) have been explored. Inspired by the discovery of intrinsic low-temperature FM in two-dimensional (2D) systems prepared using mechanical exfoliation, the search for more convenient methods to prepare 2D ferromagnetic materials with high-temperature FM has seen explosive growth, but with little success. Fortunately, the very recent synthesis of 2D NiO by PAD has shed light on this challenge. Based on these abovementioned developments, the difficulties of PAD when preparing a-few-nanometer single-crystalline materials and the opportunities in PAD for novel materials such as chiral magnetic soliton material Cr1/3NbS2 are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou Z, Zheng Z, He J, Wang J, Prezhdo OV, Frauenheim T. Ultrafast Laser Control of Antiferromagnetic-Ferrimagnetic Switching in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37307217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Realizing ultrafast control of magnetization switching is of crucial importance for information processing and recording technology. Here, we explore the laser-induced spin electron excitation and relaxation dynamics processes of CrCl3/CrBr3 heterostructures with antiparallel (AP) and parallel (P) systems. Although an ultrafast demagnetization of CrCl3 and CrBr3 layers occurs in both AP and P systems, the overall magnetic order of the heterostructure remains unchanged due to the laser-induced equivalent interlayer spin electron excitation. More crucially, the interlayer magnetic order switches from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferrimagnetic (FiM) in the AP system once the laser pulse disappears. The microscopic mechanism underpinning this magnetization switching is dominated by the asymmetrical interlayer charge transfer combined with a spin-flip, which breaks the interlayer AFM symmetry and ultimately results in an inequivalent shift in the moment between two FM layers. Our study opens up a new idea for ultrafast laser control of magnetization switching in two-dimensional opto-spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Zhou
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Zhenfa Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junjie He
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen 28759, Germany
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou Y, Ren K, Wei Y, Yang D, Cui Z, Wang K. Opening a Band Gap in Biphenylene Monolayer via Strain: A First-Principles Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104178. [PMID: 37241918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A biphenylene network is a novel 2D allotropy of carbon with periodic 4-6-8 rings, which was synthesized successfully in 2021. In recent years, although the mechanical properties and thermal transport received a lot of research attention, how to open the Dirac cone in the band structure of a biphenylene network is still a confused question. In this work, we utilized uniaxial and biaxial lattice strains to manipulate the electronic properties and phonon frequencies of biphenylene, and we found an indirect band gap under 10% biaxial strain through the first-principles calculations. This indirect band gap is caused by the competition between the band-edge state A and the Dirac cone for the conduction band minimum (CBM). Additionally, the lightest carrier's effective mass in biphenylene is 0.184 m0 for electrons along x (Γ→X) direction, while the effective mass for holes shows a remarkable anisotropy, suggesting the holes in the tensile biphenylene monolayer are confined within a one-dimensional chain along x direction. For phonon dispersion, we discovered that the Raman-active Ag3 phonon mode shows a robust single phonon mode character under both compressive and tensile strain, but its frequency is sensitive to lattice strain, suggesting the lattice strain in biphenylene can be identified by Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Hou
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hou Y, Wei Y, Yang D, Wang K, Ren K, Zhang G. Enhancing the Curie Temperature in Cr 2Ge 2Te 6 via Charge Doping: A First-Principles Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093893. [PMID: 37175302 PMCID: PMC10180144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explore the impacts of charge doping on the magnetism of a Cr2Ge2Te6 monolayer using first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that doping with 0.3 electrons per unit cell can enhance the ferromagnetic exchange constant in a Cr2Ge2Te6 monolayer from 6.874 meV to 10.202 meV, which is accompanied by an increase in the Curie temperature from ~85 K to ~123 K. The enhanced ratio of the Curie temperature is up to 44.96%, even higher than that caused by surface functionalization on monolayer Cr2Ge2Te6, manifesting the effectiveness of charge doping by improving the magnetic stability of 2D magnets. This remarkable enhancement in the ferromagnetic exchange constant and Curie temperature can be attributed to the increase in the magnetic moment on the Te atom, enlarged Cr-Te-Cr bond angle, reduced Cr-Te distance, and the significant increase in super-exchange coupling between Cr and Te atoms. These results demonstrate that charge doping is a promising route to improve the magnetic stability of 2D magnets, which is beneficial to overcome the obstacles in the application of 2D magnets in spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Hou
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wei N, He L, Wu C, Lu D, Li R, Shi H, Lan H, Wen Y, He J, Long Y, Wang X, Zeng M, Fu L. Room-Temperature Magnetism in 2D MnGa 4 -H Induced by Hydrogen Insertion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210828. [PMID: 36896838 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
2D room-temperature magnetic materials are of great importance in future spintronic devices while only very few are reported. Herein, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition approach is exploited to construct the 2D room-temperature magnetic MnGa4 -H single crystal with a thickness down to 2.2 nm. The employment of H2 plasma makes hydrogen atoms can be easily inserted into the MnGa4 lattice to modulate the atomic distance and charge state, thereby ferrimagnetism can be achieved without destroying the structural configuration. The as-obtained 2D MnGa4 -H crystal is high-quality, air-stable, and thermo-stable, demonstrating robust and stable room-temperature magnetism with a high Curie temperature above 620 K. This work enriches the 2D room-temperature magnetic family and opens up the possibility for the development of spintronic devices based on 2D magnetic alloys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Liangcheng He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516001, P. R. China
| | - Dabiao Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Haiwen Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Haihui Lan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ting Zhong T, Cheng L, Ren Y, Wu M. Theoretical studies of sliding ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric couplings, and piezo-multiferroicity in two-dimensional magnetic materials. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
26
|
Dang N, Kozlenko DP, Lis ON, Kichanov SE, Lukin YV, Golosova NO, Savenko BN, Duong D, Phan T, Tran T, Phan M. High Pressure-Driven Magnetic Disorder and Structural Transformation in Fe 3 GeTe 2 : Emergence of a Magnetic Quantum Critical Point. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206842. [PMID: 36698300 PMCID: PMC10037988 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the recently discovered 2D intrinsic van der Waals (vdW) magnets, Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT) has emerged as a strong candidate for spintronics applications, due to its high Curie temperature (130 - 220 K) and magnetic tunability in response to external stimuli (electrical field, light, strain). Theory predicts that the magnetism of FGT can be significantly modulated by an external strain. However, experimental evidence is needed to validate this prediction and understand the underlying mechanism of strain-mediated vdW magnetism in this system. Here, the effects of pressure (0 - 20 GPa) are elucidated on the magnetic and structural properties of Fe3 GeTe2 by means of synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy over a wide temperature range of 10 - 290 K. A strong suppression of ferromagnetic ordering is observed with increasing pressure, and a paramagnetic ground state emerges when pressure exceeds a critical value, PPM ≈ 15 GPa. The anomalous pressure dependence of structural parameters and vibrational modes is observed at PC ≈ 7 GPa and attributed to an isostructural phase transformation. Density functional theory calculations complement these experimental findings. This study highlights pressure as a driving force for magnetic quantum criticality in layered vdW magnetic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc‐Toan Dang
- Institute of Research and DevelopmentDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural SciencesDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
| | | | - Olga N. Lis
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJINRMoscow Reg.Dubna141980Russia
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
| | | | | | | | - Boris N. Savenko
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJINRMoscow Reg.Dubna141980Russia
| | - Dinh‐Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - The‐Long Phan
- Faculty of Engineering Physics and NanotechnologyVNU‐University of Engineering and Technology144 Xuan Thuy, Cau GiayHa Noi100000Vietnam
| | - Tuan‐Anh Tran
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationHo Chi Minh700000Vietnam
| | - Manh‐Huong Phan
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu C, Zhang H, Zhang S, Hou D, Liu Y, Wu H, Jiang Z, Wang H, Ma Z, Luo X, Li X, Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang Z, Sheng Z. Emergent, Non-Aging, Extendable, and Rechargeable Exchange Bias in 2D Fe 3 GeTe 2 Homostructures Induced by Moderate Pressuring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203411. [PMID: 36300686 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial concept in magnetism and spintronics, exchange bias (ExB) measures the asymmetry in the hysteresis loop of a pinned ferromagnet (FM)/antiferromagnet (AFM) interface. Previous studies are mainly focused on FM/AFM heterostructures composed of conventional bulk materials, whose complex interfaces prohibit precise control and full understanding of the phenomenon. Here, the enabling power of 2D magnets is exploited to demonstrate the emergence, non-aging, extendability, and rechargeability of ExB in van der Waals Fe3 GeTe2 homostructures, upon moderate pressuring. The emergence of the ExB is attributed to a local stress-induced FM-to-AFM transition, as validated using first-principles calculations, and confirmed in magneto-optical Kerr effect and second harmonic generation measurements. It is also observed that, negligible ExB aging before the training effect suddenly takes place through avalanching, pronounced delay of the avalanche via timed pressure repetition (extendability), ExB recovery in the post-training sample upon refreshed pressuring (rechargeability), and demonstrate its versatile tunability. These striking findings offer unprecedented insights into the underlying principles of ExB and its training, with immense technological applications in sight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixing Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- The International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, P. R. China
| | - Shunhong Zhang
- The International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - De Hou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yonglai Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Wu
- The International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - HuaiXiang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zongwei Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- The International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- The International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Energy Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang X, Wang L, Su H, Xia X, Liu C, Lyu B, Lin J, Huang M, Cheng Y, Mei JW, Dai JF. Strain Tunability of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in van der Waals Ferromagnets VI 3. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9891-9899. [PMID: 36519735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered ferromagnets with strong magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) have special applications in nanoscale memory elements in electronic circuits. Here, we report a strain tunability of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets VI3 using magnetic circular dichroism measurements. For an unstrained flake, the M-H curve shows a rectangular-shaped hysteresis loop with a large coercivity (1.775 T at 10 K) and remanent magnetization. Furthermore, the coercivity can be enhanced to a maximum of 2.6 T under a 3.8% external in-plane tensile strain. Our DFT calculations show that the increased MAE under strain contributes to the enhancement of coercivity. Meanwhile, the strain tunability on the coercivity of CrI3, with a similar crystal structure, is limited. The main reason is the strong spin-orbit coupling in V3+ in VI6 octahedra in comparison with that in Cr3+. The strain tunability of coercivity in VI3 flakes highlights its potential for integration into vdW heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Su
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuquan Xia
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Lyu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Mei
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Dai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang L, Xiong J, Cheng B, Dai Y, Wang F, Pan C, Cao T, Liu X, Wang P, Chen M, Yan S, Liu Z, Xiao J, Xu X, Wang Z, Shi Y, Cheong SW, Zhang H, Liang SJ, Miao F. Cascadable in-memory computing based on symmetric writing and readout. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6833. [PMID: 36490344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The building block of in-memory computing with spintronic devices is mainly based on the magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicular interfacial anisotropy (p-MTJ). The resulting asymmetric write and readout operations impose challenges in downscaling and direct cascadability of p-MTJ devices. Here, we propose that a previously unimplemented symmetric write and readout mechanism can be realized in perpendicular-anisotropy spin-orbit (PASO) quantum materials based on Fe3GeTe2 and WTe2. We demonstrate that field-free and deterministic reversal of the perpendicular magnetization can be achieved using unconventional charge-to-z-spin conversion. The resulting magnetic state can be readily probed with its intrinsic inverse process, i.e., z-spin-to-charge conversion. Using the PASO quantum material as a fundamental building block, we implement the functionally complete set of logic-in-memory operations and a more complex nonvolatile half-adder logic function. Our work highlights the potential of PASO quantum materials for the development of scalable energy-efficient and ultrafast spintronic computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junlin Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Physical Sciences, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yudi Dai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Physical Sciences, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tianjun Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Moyu Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zenglin Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianghan Xu
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shi-Jun Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Feng Miao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shen L, Zhang Y, Liu T, Wang H, Ma C, Liu M. Bending Modulated Ultralarge Magnetoresistance in Flexible La 0.67Ba 0.33MnO 3 Thin Film Based Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48868-48875. [PMID: 36263675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance based information devices have attracted much attention due to the ability to utilize spins as information carriers. To promote the magnetoresistance-based devices, ultrahigh magnetoresistance ratios are highly desirable for magnetic sensing, memory, and artificial intelligent devices, etc. However, today the magnetoresistance devices are facing the challenge of limited magnetoresistance ratio, low work temperature, or high magnetic field, which calls for proper theories and mechanisms. To address it, we first introduce the flexible bending-controlled magnetoresistance device based on the La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 film. Due to the anisotropic resistance of the La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 film and the nonlinear amplification effect of the Zener diode, the device has exhibited strong magnetoresistive performance (∼8725% at 1 T, 300 K). Combining the assist from mechanical bending and diode, high magnetic field sensitivity with large magnetoresistance ratio (∼1.7 × 104% at 1 T, 300 K) and low work current (∼0.15 mA) is simultaneously achieved at room temperature, which is over 104 times larger than that of the planar La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 film. Based on the above results, we propose one but not the only possible application as tunable multistage switch. Our findings may pave a strategy to develop flexible diode-enhanced magnetoresistance device with ultrahigh magnetoresistance ratios and bending tunable performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvkang Shen
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Chunrui Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ren H, Xiang G. Recent Progress in Research on Ferromagnetic Rhenium Disulfide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3451. [PMID: 36234579 PMCID: PMC9565357 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since long-range magnetic ordering was observed in pristine Cr2Ge2Te6 and monolayer CrCl3, two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have gradually become an emerging field of interest. However, it is challenging to induce and modulate magnetism in non-magnetic (NM) materials such as rhenium disulfide (ReS2). Theoretical research shows that defects, doping, strain, particular phase, and domain engineering may facilitate the creation of magnetic ordering in the ReS2 system. These predictions have, to a large extent, stimulated experimental efforts in the field. Herein, we summarize the recent progress on ferromagnetism (FM) in ReS2. We compare the proposed methods to introduce and modulate magnetism in ReS2, some of which have made great experimental breakthroughs. Experimentally, only a few ReS2 materials exhibit room-temperature long-range ferromagnetic order. In addition, the superexchange interaction may cause weak ferromagnetic coupling between neighboring trimers. We also present a few potential research directions for the future, and we finally conclude that a deep and thorough understanding of the origin of FM with and without strain is very important for the development of basic research and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Hunan Road No. 1, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road No. 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang K, Ren K, Cheng Y, Chen S, Zhang G. The impacts of molecular adsorption on antiferromagnetic MnPS 3 monolayers: enhanced magnetic anisotropy and intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2384-2392. [PMID: 35781317 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00462c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems, significant magnetic anisotropy is required to protect magnetic ordering against thermal fluctuation. In this paper, we explored the effect of molecular adsorption on the magnetic anisotropy and intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) of monolayer MnPS3, combining the first-principles calculation and theoretical analysis. We find that molecular adsorption can break the spatial inversion symmetry in a 2D magnet, and results in a significant DMI, which is rare in pristine 2D magnets. For example, in an MPS-NO system, the magnitude of the asymmetric DMI vector increases 9 times, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy increases 600 times compared with the pristine MPS monolayer. It is found the DMI mainly comes from the structural deformation after adsorption, whereas the increase of magnetocrystalline anisotropy mainly originates from a new 'bridge' super-exchange interaction between Mn ions and NO gas molecules. The calculated Mn-NO-Mn 'bridge' super-exchange coupling strength is much higher than the Mn-S-Mn coupling strength. Our findings offer a new strategy to increase the magnetic anisotropy and induce chiral magnetic structures in 2D magnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Shaanxi, 710121, China
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li S, Zhou L, Frauenheim T, He J. Light-Controlled Ultrafast Magnetic State Transition in Antiferromagnetic-Ferromagnetic van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6223-6229. [PMID: 35770897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating spin in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials has great potential in AFM opto-spintronics. Laser pulses can induce a transient ferromagnetic (FM) state in AFM metallic systems but have never been proven in two-dimensional (2D) AFM semiconductors and related van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Herein, using 2D vdW heterostructures of FM MnS2 and AFM MXenes as prototypes, we investigated optically induced interlayer spin transfer dynamics based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory. We observed that laser pulses induce significant spin injection and interfacial atom-mediated spin transfer from MnS2 to Cr2CCl2. In particular, we first demonstrated the transient FM state in semiconducting AFM-FM heterostructures during photoexcited processes. The proximity magnetism breaks the magnetic symmetry of Cr2CCl2 in heterostructures. Our results provide a microscopic understanding of optically controlled interlayer spin dynamics in 2D magnetic heterostructures and open a new way to manipulate magnetic order in 2D materials for ultrafast opto-spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, P. R. China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| | - Junjie He
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Husremović S, Groschner CK, Inzani K, Craig IM, Bustillo KC, Ercius P, Kazmierczak NP, Syndikus J, Van Winkle M, Aloni S, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Griffin SM, Bediako DK. Hard Ferromagnetism Down to the Thinnest Limit of Iron-Intercalated Tantalum Disulfide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12167-12176. [PMID: 35732002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic crystals hold promise for miniaturized and ultralow power electronic devices that exploit spin manipulation. In these materials, large, controllable magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) is a prerequisite for the stabilization and manipulation of long-range magnetic order. In known 2D magnetic crystals, relatively weak MCA typically results in soft ferromagnetism. Here, we demonstrate that ferromagnetic order persists down to the thinnest limit of FexTaS2 (Fe-intercalated bilayer 2H-TaS2) with giant coercivities up to 3 T. We prepare Fe-intercalated TaS2 by chemical intercalation of van der Waals-layered 2H-TaS2 crystals and perform variable-temperature transport, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal Raman spectroscopy measurements to shed new light on the coupled effects of dimensionality, degree of intercalation, and intercalant order/disorder on the hard ferromagnetic behavior of FexTaS2. More generally, we show that chemical intercalation gives access to a rich synthetic parameter space for low-dimensional magnets, in which magnetic properties can be tailored by the choice of the host material and intercalant identity/amount, in addition to the manifold distinctive degrees of freedom available in atomically thin, van der Waals crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samra Husremović
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Catherine K Groschner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katherine Inzani
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Isaac M Craig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathanael P Kazmierczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jacob Syndikus
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Madeline Van Winkle
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shaul Aloni
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sinéad M Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - D Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Strain-Modulated Magnetism in MoS2. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111929. [PMID: 35683784 PMCID: PMC9182138 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the experiments found that two-dimensional (2D) materials such as single-layer MoS2 can withstand up to 20% strain, strain-modulated magnetism has gradually become an emerging research field. However, applying strain alone is difficult to modulate the magnetism of single-layer pristine MoS2, but applying strain combined with other tuning techniques such as introducing defects makes it easier to produce and alter the magnetism in MoS2. Here, we summarize the recent progress of strain-dependent magnetism in MoS2. First, we review the progress in theoretical study. Then, we compare the experimental methods of applying strain and their effects on magnetism. Specifically, we emphasize the roles played by web buckles, which induce biaxial tensile strain conveniently. Despite some progress, the study of strain-dependent MoS2 magnetism is still in its infancy, and a few potential directions for future research are discussed at the end. Overall, a broad and in-depth understanding of strain-tunable magnetism is very necessary, which will further drive the development of spintronics, straintronics, and flexible electronics.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li G, Ma S, Li Z, Zhang Y, Diao J, Xia L, Zhang Z, Huang Y. High-Quality Ferromagnet Fe 3GeTe 2 for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Shielding with Wideband Radar Cross Section Reduction. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7861-7879. [PMID: 35467351 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A high-quality Fe3GeTe2 single crystal with good electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding properties was prepared in a large quantity (10 g level) by solid-phase sintering and recrystallization method, which would promote its in-depth research and practical application. It has good room-temperature electrical properties with a mobility of 42 cm2/V·s, a sheet (bulk) carrier concentration of +1.64 × 1018 /cm2 (+3.28 × 1020 /cm3), and a conductivity of 2196.35 S/cm. Also, a Curie temperature of 238 K indicates the high magnetic transition temperature and a paramagnetic Curie temperature of 301 K shows the large ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition zone induced by the residual short-range ferromagnetic domains. Particularly, Fe3GeTe2 is in a loosely packed state when used as a loss agent; the electromagnetic wave absorption with a reflection loss of -34.7 dB at 3.66 GHz under thin thickness was shown. Meanwhile, the absorption band can be effectively regulated by varying the thickness. Moreover, Fe3GeTe2 in a close-packed state exhibits terahertz shielding values of 75.1 and 103.2 dB at very thin thicknesses of 70 and 380 μm, and the average shielding value is higher than 47 dB, covering the entire bandwidth from 0.1 to 3.0 THz. Furthermore, by using Fe3GeTe2 as a patch, the wideband radar cross-section can be effectively reduced by up to 33 dBsm. Resultantly, Fe3GeTe2 will be a promising candidate in the electromagnetic protection field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Suping Ma
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianglin Diao
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lun Xia
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu C, Li X, Chen P, Zhang Y, Xiang H, Bellaiche L. Assembling Diverse Skyrmionic Phases in Fe 3 GeTe 2 Monolayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107779. [PMID: 35023226 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Skyrmionic magnetic states are promising in advanced spintronics. This topic is experiencing recent progress in 2D magnets, with, for example, a near 300 K Curie temperature observed in Fe3 GeTe2 . However, despite previous studies reporting skyrmions in Fe3 GeTe2 , such a system remains elusive, since it has been reported to host either Néel-type or Bloch-type textures, while a net Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) cannot occur in this compound for symmetry reasons. It is thus desirable to develop an accurate model to deeply understand Fe3 GeTe2 . Here, a newly developed method adopting spin invariants is applied to build a first-principle-based Hamiltonian, which predicts colorful topological defects assembled from the unit of Bloch lines, and reveals the critical role of specific forms of fourth-order interactions in Fe3 GeTe2 . Rather than the DMI, it is the multiple fourth-order interactions, with symmetry and spin-orbit couplings considered, that stabilize both Néel-type and Bloch-type skyrmions, as well as antiskyrmions, without any preference for clockwise versus counterclockwise spin rotation. This study also demonstrates that spin invariants can be used as a general approach to study complex magnetic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Xueyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721016, China
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cenker J, Sivakumar S, Xie K, Miller A, Thijssen P, Liu Z, Dismukes A, Fonseca J, Anderson E, Zhu X, Roy X, Xiao D, Chu JH, Cao T, Xu X. Reversible strain-induced magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:256-261. [PMID: 35058657 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of a crystal can have a profound effect on its physical properties. Notably, even small modifications of bond geometry can completely change the size and sign of magnetic exchange interactions and thus the magnetic ground state. Here we report the strain tuning of the magnetic properties of the A-type layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrSBr achieved by designing a strain device that can apply continuous, in situ uniaxial tensile strain to two-dimensional materials, reaching several percent at cryogenic temperatures. Using this apparatus, we realize a reversible strain-induced antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition at zero magnetic field and strain control of the out-of-plane spin-canting process. First-principles calculations reveal that the tuning of the in-plane lattice constant strongly modifies the interlayer magnetic exchange interaction, which changes sign at the critical strain. Our work creates new opportunities for harnessing the strain control of magnetism and other electronic states in low-dimensional materials and heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Cenker
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shivesh Sivakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaichen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pearl Thijssen
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avalon Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Atomically Thin 2D van der Waals Magnetic Materials: Fabrications, Structure, Magnetic Properties and Applications. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials are considered to be ideal candidates for the fabrication of spintronic devices because of their low dimensionality, allowing the quantization of electronic states and more degrees of freedom for device modulation. With the discovery of few-layer Cr2Ge2Te6 and monolayer CrI3 ferromagnets, the magnetism of 2D vdW materials is becoming a research focus in the fields of material science and physics. In theory, taking the Heisenberg model with finite-range exchange interactions as an example, low dimensionality and ferromagnetism are in competition. In other words, it is difficult for 2D materials to maintain their magnetism. However, the introduction of anisotropy in 2D magnetic materials enables the realization of long-range ferromagnetic order in atomically layered materials, which may offer new effective means for the design of 2D ferromagnets with high Curie temperature. Herein, current advances in the field of 2D vdW magnetic crystals, as well as intrinsic and induced ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism, physical properties, device fabrication, and potential applications, are briefly summarized and discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Song Y, Meng F, Ying T, Deng J, Wang J, Han X, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Guo JG, Chen X. Spatially Separated Superconductivity and Enhanced Charge-Density-Wave Ordering in an IrTe 2 Nanoflake. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12180-12186. [PMID: 34918519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interplay among collective electronic states like superconductivity (SC) and charge density wave (CDW) is of significance in transition metal dichalcogenides. To date, a consensus on the relationship between SC and CDW has not been established in IrTe2. Here we use the Au-assisted exfoliation method to cleave IrTe2 down to 10 nm. A striking feature is the concurrence of phase separation in a single piece of nanoflake, i.e., the superconducting (P3̅m1) and CDW (P3̅) phases. In the former area, the dimensional fluctuations suppress the CDW ordering and induce SC at 3.5 K. The CDW area at the phase boundary shows enhanced TCDW at 605 K (TCDW = 280 K in the bulk phase), which is accompanied by a unique wrinkle. Detailed analyses suggest that the strain-induced bond breaking of Te-Te dimers favors the CDW. Our works provide compelling evidence of competition between SC and CDW in IrTe2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianping Ying
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian-Gang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim JM, Haque MF, Hsieh EY, Nahid SM, Zarin I, Jeong KY, So JP, Park HG, Nam S. Strain Engineering of Low-Dimensional Materials for Emerging Quantum Phenomena and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021:e2107362. [PMID: 34866241 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of exotic physical phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, dissipationless Dirac fermions in topological insulators, and quantum spin liquids, have triggered tremendous interest in quantum materials. The macroscopic revelation of quantum mechanical effects in quantum materials is associated with strong electron-electron correlations in the lattice, particularly where materials have reduced dimensionality. Owing to the strong correlations and confined geometry, altering atomic spacing and crystal symmetry via strain has emerged as an effective and versatile pathway for perturbing the subtle equilibrium of quantum states. This review highlights recent advances in strain-tunable quantum phenomena and functionalities, with particular focus on low-dimensional quantum materials. Experimental strategies for strain engineering are first discussed in terms of heterogeneity and elastic reconfigurability of strain distribution. The nontrivial quantum properties of several strain-quantum coupled platforms, including 2D van der Waals materials and heterostructures, topological insulators, superconducting oxides, and metal halide perovskites, are next outlined, with current challenges and future opportunities in quantum straintronics followed. Overall, strain engineering of quantum phenomena and functionalities is a rich field for fundamental research of many-body interactions and holds substantial promise for next-generation electronics capable of ultrafast, dissipationless, and secure information processing and communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Md Farhadul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ezekiel Y Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shahriar Muhammad Nahid
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ishrat Zarin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pil So
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hu L, Zhou J, Hou Z, Su W, Yang B, Li L, Yan M. Polymer-buried van der Waals magnets for promising wearable room-temperature spintronics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3306-3314. [PMID: 34751291 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for high-performance spintronic devices has boosted intense research on the manipulation of magnetism in van der Waals (vdW) magnets. Despite great efforts, robust ferromagnetic transitions above room temperature still face significant hurdles. Strain engineering can reversibly regulate magnetic exchange, but the degree of regulation is still impractical for most magnetic applications. Hereby we employ a large-strain transferrer to produce tunable strains of up to 4.7%, which induces authentic room-temperature ferromagnetism in large-area Fe3GeTe2 nanoflakes with 20-fold improvement in magnetization. The record increment of the Curie temperature (TC) of well above 400 K originates from the strain-enhanced magnetic anisotropy and excellent magnetoelastic coupling. The correlation between the emerging ferromagnetism and Raman spectral evolution is also established, which complements well the TC phase diagram in a large-strain region. In addition, an unusual exchange bias effect with a vertical magnetization shift is tracked for the first time upon bending, which reveals the hidden competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling. The reversible strain manipulation of single-domain ferromagnetic order in a single nanoflake further opens up a route to develop low-power wearable spintronic devices. The findings here provide vast opportunities to exploit the possibility of practical applications of more vdW magnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Su
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Bingzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Lingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Mi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim SJ, Choi D, Kim KW, Lee KY, Kim DH, Hong S, Suh J, Lee C, Kim SK, Park TE, Koo HC. Interface Engineering of Magnetic Anisotropy in van der Waals Ferromagnet-based Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16395-16403. [PMID: 34608798 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering is an effective approach to tune the magnetic properties of van der Waals (vdW) magnets and their heterostructures. The prerequisites for the practical utilization of vdW magnets and heterostructures are a quantitative analysis of their magnetic anisotropy and the ability to modulate their interfacial properties, which have been challenging to achieve with conventional methods. Here we characterize the magnetic anisotropy of Fe3GeTe2 layers by employing the magnetometric technique based on anomalous Hall measurements and confirm its intrinsic nature. In addition, on the basis of the thickness dependences of the anisotropy field, we identify the interfacial and bulk contributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the interfacial anisotropy in Fe3GeTe2-based heterostructures is locally controlled by adjacent layers, leading to the realization of multiple magnetic behaviors in a single channel. This work proposes that the magnetometric technique is a useful platform for investigating the intrinsic properties of vdW magnets and that functional devices can be realized by local interface engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Dongwon Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Whan Kim
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Duck-Ho Kim
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Seokmin Hong
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Joonki Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Changgu Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Se Kwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Tae-Eon Park
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Koo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tian M, Zhu Y, Jalali M, Jiang W, Liang J, Huang Z, Chen Q, Zeng Z, Zhai Y. Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Materials for Spin-Orbit Torque Applications. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.732916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit torque (SOT) provides an efficient approach to control the magnetic state and dynamics in different classes of materials. Recent years, the crossover between two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials and SOT opens a new prospect to push SOT devices to the 2D limit. In this mini-review, we summarize the latest progress in 2D vdW materials for SOT applications, highlighting the comparison of the performance between devices with various structures. It is prospected that the large family of 2D vdW materials and numerous combinations of heterostructures will widely extend the material choices and bring new opportunities to SOT devices in the future.
Collapse
|
46
|
Xia B, Gao D, Xue D. Ferromagnetism of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides: both theoretical and experimental investigations. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12772-12787. [PMID: 34477766 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the fast development of integrated circuit electronic devices and technologies, it has become urgent to improve the density of data storage and lower the energy losses of devices. Under these circumstances, two-dimensional (2D) materials, which have a smaller size and lower energy loss compared with bulk materials, are becoming ideal candidates for future spintronic devices. Among them, 2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), which have excellent electronic and optical properties, have attracted great attention from researchers. However, most of them are intrinsically non-magnetic, which severely hinders their further applications in spintronics. Therefore, introducing intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism into 2D TMC materials has become an important issue in spintronics. In this work, we review the introduction of intrinsic ferromagnetism into typical 2D TMCs using various strategies, such as defect engineering, doping with transition metal elements, and phase transfer. Additionally, we found that their ferromagnetism could be adjusted via changing the experimental conditions, such as the nucleation temperature, ion irradiation dose, doping amount, and phase ratio. Finally, we provide some insight into prospective solutions for introducing ferromagnetism into 2D TMCs, hoping to shed some light on future spintronics development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baorui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tong J, Wu Y, Zhang R, Zhou L, Qin G, Tian F, Zhang X. Full-Electrical Writing and Reading of Magnetization States in a Magnetic Junction with Symmetrical Structure and Antiparallel Magnetic Configuration. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12213-12221. [PMID: 34228429 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Full-electrical writing and reading of magnetization states are vital for the development of next-generation spintronic devices with high density and ultralow-power consumption. Here, we proposed a method to realize the full-electrical writing and reading of magnetization states via a structural design, which only requires a symmetrical device structure and an antiparallel magnetic configuration. CrBr3, h-BN, and 1T-MnSe2 were selected to construct the device of CrBr3/h-BN/1T-MnSe2/h-BN/CrBr3, where the magnetization of two CrBr3 layers was fixed to the antiparallel state. By changing the direction and magnitude of the applied electric field, it is proved that the magnetization of 1T-MnSe2 could be reversed. Moreover, the device energies before and after the magnetization reversal are the same when the applied electric field is removed due to the structural symmetry. Meanwhile, the magnetic anisotropy energy of 1T-MnSe2 could induce an energy barrier, to guarantee the nonvolatile magnetization reversal in the present device. In addition, the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio was found up to 421%, showing a promising application to full-electrically write and read magnetization in spintronics. The present study likely promotes the development of full-electrical and ultralow-power spintronics devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Afanasiev D, Hortensius JR, Matthiesen M, Mañas-Valero S, Šiškins M, Lee M, Lesne E, van der Zant HSJ, Steeneken PG, Ivanov BA, Coronado E, Caviglia AD. Controlling the anisotropy of a van der Waals antiferromagnet with light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3096. [PMID: 34078601 PMCID: PMC8172129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals magnets provide an ideal playground to explore the fundamentals of low-dimensional magnetism and open opportunities for ultrathin spin-processing devices. The Mermin-Wagner theorem dictates that as in reduced dimensions isotropic spin interactions cannot retain long-range correlations, the long-range spin order is stabilized by magnetic anisotropy. Here, using ultrashort pulses of light, we control magnetic anisotropy in the two-dimensional van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3 Tuning the photon energy in resonance with an orbital transition between crystal field split levels of the nickel ions, we demonstrate the selective activation of a subterahertz magnon mode with markedly two-dimensional behavior. The pump polarization control of the magnon amplitude confirms that the activation is governed by the photoinduced magnetic anisotropy axis emerging in response to photoexcitation of ground state electrons to states with a lower orbital symmetry. Our results establish pumping of orbital resonances as a promising route for manipulating magnetic order in low-dimensional (anti)ferromagnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Afanasiev
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jorrit R Hortensius
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Mattias Matthiesen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de Valencia Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Martin Lee
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Edouard Lesne
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Peter G Steeneken
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Boris A Ivanov
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education and Science, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de Valencia Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Andrea D Caviglia
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|