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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Sari G, Okat Z, Sahin A, Karademir B. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy and their Relation to Redox Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5252-5267. [PMID: 30706779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190201120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okan University, 34959, Tuzla, I stanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Hou C, Li Y, Liu H, Dang M, Qin G, Zhang N, Chen R. Profiling the interactome of protein kinase C ζ by proteomics and bioinformatics. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:5. [PMID: 29491746 PMCID: PMC5828088 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ), an isoform of the atypical protein kinase C, is a pivotal regulator in cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby PKCζ regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis are still not fully understood. In this study, proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network associated with PKCζ, laying a stepping stone to further understand the diverse biological roles of PKCζ. Methods Protein complexes associated with PKCζ were purified by co-immunoprecipitation from breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and identified by LC-MS/MS. Two biological replicates and two technical replicates were analyzed. The observed proteins were filtered using the CRAPome database to eliminate the potential false positives. The proteomics identification results were combined with PPI database search to construct the interactome network. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed by PANTHER database and DAVID. Next, the interaction between PKCζ and protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA) was validated by co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the TCGA database and the COSMIC database were used to analyze the expressions of these two proteins in clinical samples. Results The PKCζ centered PPI network containing 178 nodes and 1225 connections was built. Network analysis showed that the identified proteins were significantly associated with several key signaling pathways regulating cancer related cellular processes. Conclusions Through combining the proteomics and bioinformatics analyses, a PKCζ centered PPI network was constructed, providing a more complete picture regarding the biological roles of PKCζ in both cancer regulation and other aspects of cellular biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0134-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Hou
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Yuan Li
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Mengjiao Dang
- 3School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Guoxuan Qin
- 3School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
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4
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Tomlinson MS, Bommarito PA, Martin EM, Smeester L, Fichorova RN, Onderdonk AB, Kuban KCK, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Microorganisms in the human placenta are associated with altered CpG methylation of immune and inflammation-related genes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188664. [PMID: 29240761 PMCID: PMC5730116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in the placenta have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as neonatal illness. Inflammation in the placenta has been identified as a contributing factor in this association, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The placental epigenome may serve as an intermediate between placental microbes and inflammation, contributing to adverse outcomes in the offspring. In the present study, genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 486,428 CpG sites) of 84 placentas was analyzed in relation to 16 species of placental microorganisms using samples collected from the Extremely Low Gestation Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. A total of n = 1,789 CpG sites, corresponding to n = 1,079 genes, displayed differential methylation (q<0.1) in relation to microorganisms. The altered genes encode for proteins that are involved in immune/inflammatory responses, specifically the NF-κB signaling pathway. These data support bacteria-dependent epigenetic patterning in the placenta and provide potential insight into mechanisms that associate the presence of microorganisms in the placenta to pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This study lays the foundation for investigations of the placental microbiome and its role in placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Scott Tomlinson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paige A. Bommarito
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raina N. Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Onderdonk
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karl C. K. Kuban
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Baek HS, Park N, Kwon YJ, Ye DJ, Shin S, Chun YJ. Annexin A5 suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression by downregulating the protein kinase C-ζ-nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74263-74275. [PMID: 29088783 PMCID: PMC5650338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is a member of the annexin protein family. Previous studies have shown that ANXA5 is involved in anti-inflammation and cell death. However, the detailed mechanism of the role of ANXA5 in cancer cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ANXA5 on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in prostate cancer cells. Expression of COX-2 induced by TNF-α was inhibited by overexpression of ANXA5 and inhibition of COX-2 expression by auranofin, which could induce ANXA5 expression, was restored by ANXA5 knockdown. In addition, ANXA5 knockdown induces phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in prostate cancer cells, indicating that ANXA5 causes COX-2 downregulation through inhibition of p65 activation. We also found that protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ protein levels were upregulated by the inhibition of ANXA5, although the mRNA levels were unaffected. We have shown that upregulated COX-2 expression by inhibition of ANXA5 is attenuated by PKC-ζ siRNA. In summary, this study demonstrates that downregulation of PKC-ζ-NF-κB signaling by ANXA5 may inhibit COX-2 expression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Seok Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Centurione L, Di Giulio C, Santavenere E, Cacchio M, Sabatini N, Rapino C, Bianchi G, Rapino M, Bosco D, Antonucci A, Cataldi A. Protein Kinase Cζ Regulation of Hypertrophic and Apoptotic Events Occurring during Rat Neonatal Heart Development and Growth. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:49-58. [PMID: 15698510 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of the rat heart implies hyperplasia, which stops at birth, and hypertrophy, allowing cardiac mass to grow in response to programmed genetic events along with to haemodynamic overload. Moreover, hypertrophy is accomplished to apoptosis which controls the final number of myocardial cells, deletes vestigial structures, and takes part in remodelling the organ. Since at the basis of all these processes, which lead to the complete development of the heart, the activation of specific signalling pathways underlies, attention has been addressed to the role played in vivo by Protein Kinase Cζ (PKCζ) in regulating NF-kB signalling system and “intrinsic” mitochondrial apoptotic route at days 1, 4, 10 and 22 of rat life. In fact, a role has been assigned to PKCζ in indirectly phosphorylating IKBα, which peaks between 10 and 22 days, through a IKK determining, in turn, NF-kB activation, concomitantly to cytochrome c/Apaf 1 co-localization in the cytoplasm and caspase-9/caspase-3 activation, which leads to the occurrence of apoptosis. Thus a key role for PKCζ in regulating the hypertrophic and apoptotic events leading to establishment of complete function in rat neonatal heart is here suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Centurione
- Dipartimento di Biomorfologia, Facoltà di Farmacia, Cattedra di Anatomia Umana, University of Chieti, Italy
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7
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Chen T, Jiang W, Zhang H, You X, Liu M, Wang L, Xiang P, Xu L, Zheng D, Zhang X, Ji H, Hao K, Yan T. Protective effect of trillin against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in an animal model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate gastroprotective effect of trillin on mucosal lesions induced by ethanol.
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8
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Wang J, Zhang T, Zhu L, Ma C, Wang S. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of Zuojin Pill against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesion in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:459-467. [PMID: 25959443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a traditional Chinese medicinal decoction, contains two herbal drugs: Coptis chinensis Franch. and Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) Hartley in the ratio of 6:1 (w/w). In this study, ZJP was evaluated for its gastroprotective potential against mucosal lesions induced by ethanol in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 mice were assigned to 5 groups: groups 1 and 2 were given distilled water orally. Group 3 was administered omeprazole 20mg/kg, groups 4 and 5 were given ZJP (1g/kg, 2g/kg, respectively). After an additional hour, the mice in groups 2-5 received ethanol (0.2ml/kg) orally while group 1 received distilled water instead. Mice were killed after 4h and their serum and stomachs subjected to further studies. The superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum were assayed by SOD and MDA kits, respectively. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in stomachs were assayed by MPO kit. The levels of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of nuclear factor-кBp65 (NF-кBp65), P-NF-кBp65, P-IкBα, IкBα, P-IKKα, IKKα, P-IKKβ, IKKβ in stomachs were assayed by western blot. RESULTS The data showed that treatment with the ZJP markedly attenuated MPO, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand increased SOD; and ZJP also decreased protein levels of P-NF-кBp65, P-IкBα, P-IKKαand P-IKKβin gastric stomachs. CONCLUSION It was concluded that ZJP may represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration and the gastroprotective activity of ZJP might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine by regulating the NF-кB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- ChangchunUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changhcun 130117, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- ChangchunUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changhcun 130117, China.
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Chiarini A, Liu D, Armato U, Dal Prà I. Bcl10 crucially nucleates the pro-apoptotic complexes comprising PDK1, PKCζ and caspase-3 at the nuclear envelope of etoposide-treated human cervical carcinoma C4-I cells. Int J Mol Med 2015. [PMID: 26202083 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase (PK)Cζ signaling at various subcellular levels affects cell survival, differentiation, growth and/or apoptosis. However, the mechanisms modulating PKCζ activity at the nuclear membrane (NM) are not yet fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated that PKCζ interacts with the B‑cell lymphoma 10 (Bcl10) protein at the NM of human cervical carcinoma (HCC) C4‑I cells. In the present study, we aimed to further clarify the interactions between PKCζ, Bcl10 and other proteins co-immunoprecipitated from NMs isolated from untreated and etoposide (also known as VP‑16; 2.0 µg/ml)‑treated C4‑I cells using biochemical and proteomics analyses. Aside from the Bcl10 protein, 3‑phosphoinositide‑dependent protein kinase‑1 (PDK1) also co-immunoprecipitated with PKCζ from NMs of C4‑I cells, indicating the assembly of a heterotrimeric complex, which increased with time in VP‑16‑exposed cells, as did the activity of PDK1‑phosphorylated‑PKCζ. In turn, PKCζ‑phosphorylated‑Bcl10 straddled an enlarged complex which comprised caspase‑3. Subsequently, activity‑enhanced caspase‑3 cleaved and inactivated PKCζ. Finally, the suppression of Bcl10 using specific siRNA or lentiviral transduction prevented the increase in the PDK1•PKCζ association, the increase in the activity of PKCζ and caspase‑3, as well as the caspase‑3‑mediated PKCζ proteolysis and inactivation from occurring at the NMs of the VP‑16‑exposed C4‑I cells. Our observations provide evidence that Bcl10 acts as a pivotal pro-apoptotic protein which crucially nucleates complexes comprising PDK1, PKCζ and active caspase‑3 at the NMs of VP‑16‑exposed C4‑I cells. Hence, our data suggest that Bcl10 and PKCζ are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarini
- Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, I‑37134 Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Daisong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, I‑37134 Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, I‑37134 Verona, Venetia, Italy
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10
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WITHDRAWN: Angiotensin II-induced endogenous cholesterol synthesis in human monocytes of patients with dyslipidemia. Immunobiology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Kusne Y, Carrera-Silva EA, Perry AS, Rushing EJ, Mandell EK, Dietrich JD, Errasti AE, Gibbs D, Berens ME, Loftus JC, Hulme C, Yang W, Lu Z, Aldape K, Sanai N, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S. Targeting aPKC disables oncogenic signaling by both the EGFR and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in glioblastoma. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra75. [PMID: 25118327 PMCID: PMC4486020 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Grade IV glioblastoma is characterized by increased kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); however, EGFR kinase inhibitors have failed to improve survival in individuals with this cancer because resistance to these drugs often develops. We showed that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) produced in the glioblastoma microenvironment activated atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), thereby producing resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors. Additionally, we identified that aPKC was required both for paracrine TNFα-dependent activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and for tumor cell-intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Targeting aPKC decreased tumor growth in mouse models of glioblastoma, including models of EGFR kinase inhibitor-resistant glioblastoma. Furthermore, aPKC abundance and activity were increased in human glioblastoma tumor cells, and high aPKC abundance correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, targeting aPKC might provide an improved molecular approach for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kusne
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | | | - Anthony S. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ 85234, USA
| | | | - Edward K. Mandell
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Andrea E. Errasti
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Gibbs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael E. Berens
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | | | - Weiwei Yang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Nader Sanai
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Carla V. Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Li WF, Hao DJ, Fan T, Huang HM, Yao H, Niu XF. Protective effect of chelerythrine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 208:18-27. [PMID: 24300194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, chelerythrine (CHE), is of great practical and research interest because of its pronounced, widespread physiological effects, primarily antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, arising from its ability to interact with proteins and DNA. Although CHE was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on acute gastric ulcer have not been previously explored. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effect of CHE on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice. Administration of CHE at doses of 1, 5 and 10mg/kg bodyweight prior to ethanol ingestion dose-dependently inhibited gastric ulcer. The gastric mucosal lesion was assessed by ulcer area, gastric juice acidity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, macroscopic and histopathological examinations. CHE significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index, myeloperoxidase activities, macroscopic and histological score in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, CHE also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) concentration, pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in serum and gastric mucosal in the mice exposed to ethanol induced ulceration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CHE markedly attenuated the overexpression of nuclear factor-κB in gastric mucosa of mice. It was concluded that CHE represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration. In addition, acute toxicity study revealed no abnormal sign to the mice treated with CHE (15mg/kg). These findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of CHE might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine by regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | | | - Ting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Characterization of arsenic trioxide resistant clones derived from Jurkat leukemia T cell line: focus on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:198-211. [PMID: 23911876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in arsenic trioxide (ATO)-treated parental Jurkat cells and also in derived ATO-resistant clones grown in the presence of given ATO concentration was investigated. ATO-resistant clones (cultured for 8-12weeks in the presence of 1, 2.5 and 5μM ATO) were characterized by high viability in the presence of ATO but slower growth rate compared to the parental cells. Morphological and functional characterization of derived ATO-resistant clones revealed that they did not differ fundamentally from parental Jurkat cells in terms of cell size, level of GSH, the lysosomal fluorescence or CD95/Fas surface antigen expression. However, a slight increase in the mitochondrial potential (JC-1 staining) was detected in the clones compared to parental Jurkat cells. Side population analysis (Vybrant DyeCycle Violet™ staining) in ATO resistant clones did not indicate any enrichment withcancer stem cells. Akt1/2, AktV or wortmannin inhibitors decreased viability of ATO-resistant clones grown in the presence of ATO, with no effect on ATO-treated parental cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ATO decreased the level of p-Akt in ATO-treated parental cells, while the resistant clones exhibited higher levels of p-Akt immunostaining than parental Jurkat cells. Expression analysis of 84 genes involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway revealed that this pathway was predominantly active in ATO-resistant clones. c-JUN seems to play a key role in the induction of cell death in ATO-treated parental Jurkat cells, as dose-dependent strong up-regulation of JUN was specific for the ATO-treated parental Jurkat cells. On the other hand, changes in expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase C isoforms (PRKCZ,PRKCB and PRKCA) may be responsible for the induction of resistance to ATO. The changes in expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) observed in ATO-resistant clones suggest a possibility of induction of different mechanisms in development of resistance to ATO depending on the drug concentration and thus involvement of different signaling mediators.
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Ahmad N, Wang W, Nair R, Kapila S. Relaxin induces matrix-metalloproteinases-9 and -13 via RXFP1: induction of MMP-9 involves the PI3K, ERK, Akt and PKC-ζ pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 363:46-61. [PMID: 22835547 PMCID: PMC3447121 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We determined the precise role of relaxin family peptide (RXFP) receptors-1 and -2 in the regulation of MMP-9 and -13 by relaxin, and delineated the signaling cascade that contributes to relaxin's modulation of MMP-9 in fibrocartilaginous cells. Relaxin treatment of cells in which RXFP1 was silenced resulted in diminished induction of MMP-9 and -13 by relaxin, whereas overexpression of RXFP1 potentiated the relaxin-induced expression of these proteinases. Suppression or overexpression of RXFP2 resulted in no changes in the relaxin-induced MMP-9 and -13. Studies using chemical inhibitors and siRNAs to signaling molecules showed that PI3K, Akt, ERK and PKC-ζ and the transcription factors Elk-1, c-fos and, to a lesser extent, NF-κB are involved in relaxin's induction of MMP-9. Our findings provide the first characterization of signaling cascade involved in the regulation of any MMP by relaxin and offer mechanistic insights on how relaxin likely mediates extracellular matrix turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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15
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Habegger KM, Matzke D, Ottaway N, Hembree J, Holland J, Raver C, Mansfeld J, Müller TD, Perez-Tilve D, Pfluger PT, Lee SJ, Diaz-Meco M, Moscat J, Leitges M, Tschöp MH, Hofmann SM. Role of adipose and hepatic atypical protein kinase C lambda (PKCλ) in the development of obesity and glucose intolerance. Adipocyte 2012; 1:203-214. [PMID: 23700535 PMCID: PMC3609106 DOI: 10.4161/adip.20891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PKCλ, an atypical member of the multifunctional protein kinase C family, has been implicated in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport and of the intracellular immune response. To further elucidate the role of this cellular regulator in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, we generated both liver (PKC-Alb) and adipose tissue (PKC-Ap2) specific knockout mice. Body weight, fat mass, food intake, glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure were evaluated in mice maintained on either chow or high fat diet (HFD). Ablation of PKCλ from the adipose tissue resulted in mice that were indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates. However, PKC-Alb mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity (DIO). Surprisingly this DIO resistance was not associated with either a reduction in caloric intake or an increase in energy expenditure as compared with their wild-type littermates. Furthermore, these mice displayed an improvement in glucose tolerance. When maintained on chow diet, these mice were similar to wild types in respect to body weight and fat mass, yet insulin sensitivity was impaired compared with wt littermates. Taken together these data suggest that hepatic PKCλ is modulating insulin-mediated glucose turnover and response to high fat diet feeding, thus offering a deeper understanding of an important target for anti-obesity therapeutics.
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16
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Chiarini A, Marconi M, Pacchiana R, Dal Prà I, Wu J, Armato U. Role-Shifting PKCζ Fosters Its Own Proapoptotic Destruction by Complexing with Bcl10 at the Nuclear Envelope of Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells: A Proteomic and Biochemical Study. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3996-4012. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarini
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, I-37134, Italy
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Abstract
From the very early days of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) research, it was recognized that different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms might be involved in the activation of NF-κB. Pharmacological tools and pseudosubstrate inhibitors suggested that these kinases play a role in this important inflammatory and survival pathway; however, it was the analysis of several genetic mouse knockout models that revealed the complexity and interrelations between the different components of the PB1 network in several cellular functions, including T-cell biology, bone homeostasis, inflammation associated with the metabolic syndrome, and cancer. These studies unveiled, for example, the critical role of PKCζ as a positive regulator of NF-κB through the regulation of RelA but also its inflammatory suppressor activities through the regulation of the interleukin-4 signaling cascade. This observation is of relevance in T cells, where p62, PKCζ, PKCλ/ι, and NBR1 establish a mesh of interactions that culminate in the regulation of T-cell effector responses through the modulation of T-cell polarity. Many questions remain to be answered, not just from the point of view of the implication for NF-κB activation but also with regard to the in vivo interplay between these pathways in pathophysiological processes like obesity and cancer.
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18
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Sun Y, Duan Y, Eisenstein AS, Hu W, Quintana A, Lam WK, Wang Y, Wu Z, Ravid K, Huang P. A novel mechanism of control of NFκB activation and inflammation involving A2B adenosine receptors. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4507-17. [PMID: 22767505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway controls a variety of processes, including inflammation, and thus, the regulation of NFκB has been a continued focus of study. Here, we report a newly identified regulation of this pathway, involving direct binding of the transcription factor NFκB1 (the p105 subunit of NFκB) to the C-terminus of the A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)AR), independent of ligand activation. Intriguingly, binding of A(2B)AR to specific sites on p105 prevents polyubiquitylation and degradation of p105 protein. Ectopic expression of the A(2B)AR increases p105 levels and inhibits NFκB activation, whereas p105 protein levels are reduced in cells from A(2B)AR-knockout mice. In accordance with the known regulation of expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines by p105, A(2B)AR-null mice generate less interleukin (IL)-10, and more IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Taken together, our results show that the A(2B)AR inhibits NFκB activation by physically interacting with p105, thereby blocking its polyubiquitylation and degradation. Our findings unveil a surprising function for the A(2B)AR, and provide a novel mechanistic insight into the control of the NFκB pathway and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Happel C, Kutzler M, Rogers TJ. Opioid-induced chemokine expression requires NF-κB activity: the role of PKCζ. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:301-9. [PMID: 20952659 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0710402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptor agonists induce broad immunomodulatory activity, which substantially alters host defense and the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that the MOR selective agonist DAMGO has the capacity to increase the expression of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 in human PBMCs. NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in innate and adaptive immune responses. We report that NF-κB is a vital player in the DAMGO-induced, MOR-mediated regulation of chemokine expression. Results show that NF-κB inhibitors prevent the induction of CCL2 expression in response to DAMGO administration and that the NF-κB subunit, p65, is phosphorylated at serine residues 311 and 536 in response to MOR activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PKCζ is phosphorylated following DAMGO-induced MOR activation, and this kinase is essential for NF-κB activation as well as CCL2 expression and transcriptional activity. Finally, ChIP analysis shows that DAMGO administration induces binding of p65 to the enhancer region of the CCL2 promoter. These data are consistent with the notion that MOR activation promotes a proinflammatory response, which involves NF-κB activation. Our results also suggest a significant and novel role for PKCζ as an essential participant in the MOR-mediated regulation of proinflammatory chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Happel
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Tediose T, Kolev M, Sivasankar B, Brennan P, Morgan BP, Donev R. Interplay between REST and nucleolin transcription factors: a key mechanism in the overexpression of genes upon increased phosphorylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:2799-812. [PMID: 20100803 PMCID: PMC2875004 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-malignant cells can be transformed via the activation of kinases that control degradation of neural-restrictive silencer factor (REST). Here, we identify a mechanism that contributes to the activation of genes, expression of which is controlled by responsive elements containing overlapping binding sites for REST and nucleolin. We demonstrate that both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated nucleolin-bound DNA; however, only phosphorylated nucleolin successfully competed with either full-length REST or a REST-derived DNA-binding peptide, REST68, for binding to the overlapping binding sites. We show that this interplay between the two transcription factors regulates the activation of cell survival and immunomodulatory genes in tumors and non-malignant cells with activated protein kinase C, which is accompanied with alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis. We propose a model for the regulation of these genes, which brings a new insight into the molecular mechanisms that control cellular transformation driven by activation of protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeo Tediose
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, and Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin Kolev
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, and Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Baalasubramanian Sivasankar
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, and Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, and Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, and Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Rossen Donev
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, and Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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21
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Thaler JP, Choi SJ, Sajan MP, Ogimoto K, Nguyen HT, Matsen M, Benoit SC, Wisse BE, Farese RV, Schwartz MW. Atypical protein kinase C activity in the hypothalamus is required for lipopolysaccharide-mediated sickness responses. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5362-72. [PMID: 19819945 PMCID: PMC2795721 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
By activating the Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-kappaB signal transduction pathway, the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces anorexia, weight loss, fever, and other components of the sickness response. By comparison, the hormones leptin and insulin cause anorexia without sickness via a central mechanism involving the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. In the current study, we investigated whether a common Toll-like receptor 4 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling intermediate, atypical protein kinase Czeta/lambda (aPKC), contributes to changes of energy balance induced by these stimuli. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that aPKC is expressed in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, key sites of leptin, insulin, and LPS action. Although administration of LPS, insulin, and leptin each acutely increased hypothalamic aPKC activity at doses that also reduce food intake, LPS treatment caused over 10-fold greater activation of hypothalamic a PKC signaling than that induced by leptin or insulin. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with an aPKC inhibitor blocked anorexia induced by LPS but not insulin or leptin. Similarly, LPS-induced hypothalamic inflammation (as judged by induction of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression) and neuronal activation in the paraventricular nucleus (as judged by c-fos induction) were reduced by central aPKC inhibition. Although intracerebroventricular aPKC inhibitor administration also abolished LPS-induced fever, it had no effect on sickness-related hypoactivity or weight loss. We conclude that although hypothalamic aPKC signaling is not required for food intake inhibition by insulin or leptin, it plays a key role in inflammatory anorexia and fever induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Thaler
- Division of Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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22
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Ikeda T, Kajita K, Zhiliang W, Hanamoto T, Mori I, Fujioka K, Okada H, Fujikake T, Uno Y, Morita H, Nagano I, Takahashi Y, Ishizuka T. Effects of phorbol ester-sensitive PKC (c/nPKC) activation on the production of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. IUBMB Life 2009; 61:644-50. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Lee KG, Cho HJ, Bae YS, Park KK, Choe JY, Chung IK, Kim M, Yeo JH, Park KH, Lee YS, Kim CH, Chang YC. Bee venom suppresses LPS-mediated NO/iNOS induction through inhibition of PKC-alpha expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:15-21. [PMID: 19429333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bee venom (BV) is a traditional Korean medicine that has been widely used with satisfactory results in the treatment of some immune-related diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of BV, which is used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases in traditional Korean medicine. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of BV on NO generation and iNOS expression by LPS in rat C6 glioma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS BV was obtained from the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST) of Korea. Nitrite measurement, Immuno blot analysis, Reverse transcriptase-PCR and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used for assessment. RESULTS BV suppressed the LPS-induced NO generation and iNOS expression, and it also inhibited the expressions of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory molecules including Cox-2 and IL-1 beta in rat C6 glioma cells. Then, BV inhibited LPS-induced expression of PKC-alpha and MEK/ERK, not p38 and JNK. Moreover, inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS expression by BV was dependent on transcriptional activities of AP-1/NF-kappaB through MEK/ERK pathway. CONCLUSION These results indicate that BV suppresses LPS-induced iNOS activation through regulation of PKC-alpha. Accordingly, BV exerts a potent suppressive effect on pro-inflammatory responses in rat C6 glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Gill Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 441-100, Republic of Korea
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24
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Sakai H, Yamamoto M, Kozutsumi Y, Chiba Y, Misawa M. Identification of PKC isoforms expressed in human bronchial smooth muscle cell. J Smooth Muscle Res 2009; 45:55-62. [DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.45.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Maki Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yuri Kozutsumi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Miwa Misawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
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25
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Endo Y, Marusawa H, Kou T, Nakase H, Fujii S, Fujimori T, Kinoshita K, Honjo T, Chiba T. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase links between inflammation and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancers. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:889-98, 898.e1-3. [PMID: 18691581 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was originally identified as an inducer of somatic hypermutations in the immunoglobulin gene. We recently revealed that ectopic AID expression serves as a link between the cellular editing machinery and high mutation frequencies, leading to human cancer development. In the current study, we investigated whether AID might contribute to the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancers. METHODS The expression and regulation of AID in association with proinflammatory cytokine stimulation were investigated in cultured colonic cells. Genotoxic activity of AID in colonic cells was analyzed using retroviral system. Immunohistochemistry for AID was carried out on various human colonic tissues specimens. RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced aberrant AID expression via IkappaB kinase-dependent nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-signaling pathways in human colonic epithelial cells. Moreover, AID expression was also induced in response to the T helper cell 2-driven cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, which are activated in human inflammatory bowel disease. Aberrant activation of AID in colonic cells preferentially induced genetic mutations in the TP53 gene, whereas there were no nucleotide alterations of the APC gene. Immunohistochemistry revealed enhanced expression of endogenous AID protein not only in the inflamed colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients but also in tumor lesions of colitis-associated colorectal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that proinflammatory cytokine-mediated aberrant expression of AID in colonic epithelial cells is a genotoxic factor linking inflammation, somatic mutations, and colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Shin DM, Yang CS, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Choi HH, Lee HM, Yuk JM, Harding CV, Jo EK. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein-induced association of TLR2 with protein kinase C zeta in lipid rafts contributes to reactive oxygen species-dependent inflammatory signalling in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:1893-905. [PMID: 18503635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts are enriched in cholesterol and play an important role as signalling platforms. However, the roles of lipid rafts and associated signalling molecules in the innate immune responses to mycobacteria remain unknown. Here we show that stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 kDa lipoprotein, a TLR2/1 agonist, results in translocation of TLR2 to lipid rafts, coalescence of lipid rafts and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive pro-inflammatory responses. Disruption of lipid raft organization markedly reduced lipoprotein-induced ROS and inflammatory responses. Remarkably, the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) zeta was specifically recruited into detergent-resistant membrane fractions and associated with TLR2. PKCzeta activity was critical for lipoprotein-dependent ROS generation, raft coalescence and the pro-inflammatory responses by macrophages. Moreover, lipid raft organization was required for 19 kDa mediated PKCzeta activation. These results demonstrate that TLR2 trafficking and raft coalescence play an essential role for the initiation of lipoprotein-induced innate immune responses via TLR2 and ROS signalling. In addition, PKCzeta targets to lipid rafts and may act as a critical adaptor molecule to regulate lipid raft dynamics during TLR2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
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27
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Solier S, De Cian MC, Bettaieb A, Desoche L, Solary E, Corcos L. PKC zeta controls DNA topoisomerase-dependent human caspase-2 pre-mRNA splicing. FEBS Lett 2007; 582:372-8. [PMID: 18166155 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 exists as two main isoforms: the caspase-2L long isoform, which is pro-apoptotic, and the caspase-2S short isoform, which may be anti-apoptotic. Topoisomerase inhibitors drive inclusion of exon 9, specific for Casp-2S mRNA, and lower Casp-2L [corrected] mRNA and protein. With cell lines engineered to express various PKC isoforms, we demonstrate that PKC zeta, but not PKCalpha, positively regulates Casp-2S mRNA assembly triggered by topoisomerase inhibitors. In addition, exon 9 inclusion is lowered in mitosis but increased in the G1/S phase. Hence, the control of caspase-2 exon 9 inclusion by topoisomerase inhibitors depends on phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation events, and on the cell cycle phase.
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28
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Parhar K, Morse J, Salh B. The role of protein kinase CK2 in intestinal epithelial cell inflammatory signaling. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:601-9. [PMID: 17009010 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor NF-kappaB is believed to play a key pathophysiological role in chronic intestinal inflammation. Further characterization of its mechanism of regulation, predominantly through cell signaling pathways, may provide clues as to the means of its intervention. One such potential signaling candidate is the protein kinase CK2. Despite its known ability to influence NF-kappaB activation, it has received no attention in this particular setting. AIM To characterize the aspects of its activation in response to IL-1beta in the colonic cell lines Caco2 and HCT116. MATERIALS AND METHODS A biochemical analysis of kinase activation was performed using phospho-specific antibodies as well as immune complex kinase assays; transcription factor activity was measured by transient transfection and luciferase-based NF-kappaB reporter assays; pro-inflammatory molecule expression was determined using RT-PCR. RESULTS In this report, we show an enhanced activation of CK2 bound to IKKgamma or the p65 subunit of the NF-kappaB in response to IL-1beta stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells. Using two established NF-kappaB reporters, we demonstrate that CK2 is involved in NF-kappaB regulation through the p65 serine 529 site. Using co-immunoprecipitation studies, we also show that p65 is bound to CK2 predominantly in the nucleus. From a functional perspective, two CK2 specific inhibitors were then shown to attenuate IL-8 reporter activation. Finally, the expression of a series of pro-inflammatory molecules including IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-1, TNFalpha and iNOS were variably affected in response to CK2 inhibition. CONCLUSION CK2 plays an active role in NF-kappaB signaling in intestinal epithelial cell lines and may represent a possible target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljit Parhar
- The Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, V6H 3Z6, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Eude-Le Parco I, Dallot E, Breuiller-Fouché M. Protein kinase C and human uterine contractility. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7 Suppl 1:S11. [PMID: 17570155 PMCID: PMC1892052 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-7-s1-s11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in uterine contractility are thought to contribute to several clinical problems, including preterm labor. A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling uterine activity would make it possible to propose more appropriate and effective management practices than those currently in use. Recent advances point to a role of the protein kinase C (PRKC) family in the regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction at the end of pregnancy. In this review, we highlight recent work that explores the involvement of individual PRKC isoforms in cellular process, with an emphasis on the properties of PRKCZ isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuelle Dallot
- INSERM U767, Paris, F-75006, France
- Université René Descartes, Paris, F-75006, France
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30
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Han HJ, Han JY, Heo JS, Lee SH, Lee MY, Kim YH. ANG II-stimulated DNA synthesis is mediated by ANG II receptor-dependent Ca2+/PKC as well as EGF receptor-dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 signal pathways in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:618-29. [PMID: 17219409 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation was examined. ANG II increased [(3)H] thymidine incorporation in a time- (>4 h) and dose- (>10(-9) M) dependent manner. The ANG II-induced increase in [(3)H] thymidine incorporation was blocked by inhibition of ANG II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor but not by ANG II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor, and AT(1) receptor was expressed. ANG II increased inositol phosphates formation and [Ca(2+)](i), and translocated PKC alpha, delta, and zeta to the membrane fraction. Consequently, the inhibition of PLC/PKC suppressed ANG II-induced increase in [(3)H] thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of EGF receptor kinase or tyrosine kinase prevented ANG II-induced increase in [(3)H] thymidine incorporation. ANG II phosphorylated EGF receptor and increased Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K1 phosphorylation blocked by AG 1478 (EGF receptor kinase blocker). ANG II-induced increase in [(3)H] thymidine incorporation was blocked by the inhibition of p44/42 MAPKs but not by p38 MAPK inhibition. Indeed, ANG II phosphorylated p44/42 MAPKs, which was prevented by the inhibition of the PKC and AT(1) receptor. ANG II increased c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc levels. ANG II also increased the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK4 but decreased the p21(cip1/waf1) and p27(kip1), CDK inhibitory proteins. These proteins were blocked by the inhibition of AT(1) receptor, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPKs, EGF receptor, or tyrosine kinase. In conclusion, ANG II-stimulated DNA synthesis is mediated by ANG II receptor-dependent Ca(2+)/PKC and EGF receptor-dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 signal pathways in mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
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Krejci P, Masri B, Salazar L, Farrington-Rock C, Prats H, Thompson LM, Wilcox WR. Bisindolylmaleimide I suppresses fibroblast growth factor-mediated activation of Erk MAP kinase in chondrocytes by preventing Shp2 association with the Frs2 and Gab1 adaptor proteins. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2929-36. [PMID: 17145761 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) inhibit chondrocyte proliferation via the Erk MAP kinase pathway. Here, we explored the role of protein kinase C in FGF signaling in chondrocytes. Erk activity in FGF2-treated RCS (rat chondrosarcoma) chondrocytes or human primary chondrocytes was abolished by the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I). Bis I inhibited FGF2-induced activation of MEK, Raf-1, and Ras members of Erk signaling module but not the FGF2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Frs2 or the kinase activity of FGFR3, demonstrating that it targets the Erk cascade immediately upstream of Ras. Indeed, Bis I abolished the FGF2-mediated association of Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase with Frs2 and Gab1 adaptor proteins necessary for proper Ras activation. We also determined which PKC isoform is involved in FGF2-mediated activation of Erk. When both conventional and novel PKCs expressed by RCS chondrocytes (PKCalpha, -gamma, -delta, and -epsilon) were down-regulated by phorbol ester, cells remained responsive to FGF2 with Erk activation, and this activation was sensitive to Bis I. Moreover, treatment with PKClambda/zeta pseudosubstrate lead to significant reduction of FGF2-mediated activation of Erk, suggesting involvement of an atypical PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Krejci
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Moscat J, Rennert P, Diaz-Meco MT. PKCzeta at the crossroad of NF-kappaB and Jak1/Stat6 signaling pathways. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:702-11. [PMID: 16322752 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms (aPKC) have been implicated in the regulation of a number of essential signaling events. Early studies using dominant-negative mutants suggested that they are important intermediaries in the activation of the canonical nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway. More recent data using knockout mice genetically demonstrate that in fact the PKCzeta isoform is essential for the adequate activation of this cascade both upstream and downstream the IkappaB kinase complex. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic details whereby the aPKC pathway regulates important cellular functions and how this is achieved by the ability of these kinases to interact with different protein regulators and adapters, as well as to impinge in NF-kappaB-independent signaling cascades such as the Janus kinase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 system, which plays a critical role in T-cell-mediated hepatitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moscat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Cohen EEW, Lingen MW, Zhu B, Zhu H, Straza MW, Pierce C, Martin LE, Rosner MR. Protein kinase C zeta mediates epidermal growth factor-induced growth of head and neck tumor cells by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6296-303. [PMID: 16778206 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) zeta has been implicated as a mediator of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling in certain cell types. Because EGFR is ubiquitously expressed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) and plays a key role in tumor progression, we determined whether PKCzeta is required for tumor cell proliferation and viability. Examination of total and phosphorylated PKCzeta expression in normal oral mucosa, dysplasia, and carcinoma as well as SCCHN tumor cell lines revealed a significant increase in activated PKCzeta expression from normal to malignant tissue. PKCzeta activity is required for EGF-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in both normal human adult epidermal keratinocytes and five of seven SCCHN cell lines. SCCHN cells express constitutively activated EGFR family receptors, and inhibition of either EGFR or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity suppressed DNA synthesis. Consistent with this observation, inhibition of PKCzeta using either kinase-dead PKCzeta mutant or peptide inhibitor suppressed autocrine and EGF-induced DNA synthesis. Finally, PKCzeta inhibition enhanced the effects of both MAPK/ERK kinase (U0126) and broad spectrum PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine chloride) and decreased cell proliferation in SCCHN cell lines. The results indicate that (a) PKCzeta is associated with SCCHN progression, (b) PKCzeta mediates EGF-stimulated MAPK activation in keratinocytes and SCCHN cell lines, (c) PKCzeta mediates EGFR and MAPK-dependent proliferation in SCCHN cell lines; and (d) PKCzeta inhibitors function additively with other inhibitors that target similar or complementary signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Eddy Wyssam Cohen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Ivanov V, Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Natural nutrient mixture effectively reduces collagen matrix contraction driven by human uterine smooth muscle cells. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2006; 32:23-31. [PMID: 16445522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Abnormal uterine myometrial contractility causes preterm delivery, contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Disturbances in hormonal regulation and inflammation-related processes have been attributed a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of uterine contractility. We investigated the effects of natural nutrients on uterine tissue contractility in vitro. METHODS We used an in vitro model of collagen I gel contraction driven by embedded cultured human uterine smooth muscle cells (SMC). The effects of tested compounds were evaluated using their capacity to affect gel contraction (measured by reduction in gel area during 24-h incubation in serum free medium). Cellular expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was followed by gel zymography. RESULTS Collagen gel contraction driven by uterine SMC was significantly stimulated by potassium chloride, pituitary hormone oxytocin and by inflammatory cytokine alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). Accelerated gel contraction was accompanied by elevated secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 into cell culture media. Among a variety of purified bioflavonoids and polyphenol-enriched plant extracts tested for their ability to counteract uterine SMC-dependent collagen gel contraction, the strongest effects were demonstrated by epigallocatechin gallate and green tea leaf extract, respectively. The addition of ascorbic acid and the amino acids lysine, arginine, cysteine and proline to green tea extract further increased its effectiveness. A reduction in gel contraction correlated with decreased MMP expression. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we found that nutrients can effectively counteract uterine myometrial contraction and MMP activity in vitro, suggesting that pathophysiological mechanisms of abnormal uterine myometrial contractility can be counteracted by a combination of naturally occurring nutrients. These mechanisms might involve extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Ivanov
- Matthias Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, California, USA
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Sétáló G, Singh M, Nethrapalli IS, Toran-Allerand CD. Protein kinase C activity is necessary for estrogen-induced Erk phosphorylation in neocortical explants. Neurochem Res 2006; 30:779-90. [PMID: 16187213 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-6871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory showed previously that estrogen activates ERK in neocortical cultures. To further elucidate the precise signaling sequelae that lead to estrogen-induced ERK activity, we evaluated the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC). We found that neocortical explants expressed primarily PKC gamma and PKC epsilon. Consistent with the involvement of PKC in mediating estrogen-induced ERK phosphorylation, we found that estrogen treatment induced translocation of these PKC isoforms to the plasma membrane. Importantly, inhibition of these isoforms abolished the ability of estrogen to phosphorylate ERK. While direct activation of PKC mimicked the effect of estrogen on ERK, both in pattern of activation and resulting intraneuronal distribution of ERK, PKC-induced ERK phosphorylation required the activity of MEK but not B-Raf. Collectively, these data suggest a critical role for PKC in mediating estrogen induction of ERK activation in the developing brain via a MEK-dependent but B-Raf-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Sétáló
- Department of Anatomy, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 650 West 168th Street, Black Building 1615, New York, NY 10032, USA
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36
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Brady SC, Allan LA, Clarke PR. Regulation of caspase 9 through phosphorylation by protein kinase C zeta in response to hyperosmotic stress. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:10543-55. [PMID: 16287866 PMCID: PMC1291226 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.23.10543-10555.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase 9 is a critical component of the mitochondrial or intrinsic apoptotic pathway and is activated by Apaf-1 following release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in response to a variety of stimuli. Caspase 9 cleaves and activates effector caspases, mainly caspase 3, leading to the demise of the cell. Survival signaling pathways can impinge on this pathway to restrain apoptosis. Here, we have identified Ser144 of human caspase 9as an inhibitory site that is phosphorylated in a cell-free system and in cells in response to the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Inhibitor sensitivity and interactions with caspase 9 indicate that the predominant kinase that targets Ser144 is the atypical protein kinase C isoform zeta (PKCzeta). Prevention of Ser144 phosphorylation by inhibition of PKCzeta or mutation of caspase 9 promotes caspase 3 activation. Phosphorylation of serine 144 in cells is also induced by hyperosmotic stress, which activates PKCzeta and regulates its interaction with caspase 9, but not by growth factors, phorbol ester, or other cellular stresses. These results indicate that phosphorylation and inhibition of caspase 9 by PKCzeta restrain the intrinsic apoptotic pathway during hyperosmotic stress. This work provides further evidence that caspase 9 acts as a focal point for multiple protein kinase signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Brady
- Biomedical Research Centre, Level 5, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
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St-Pierre Y, Couillard J, Van Themsche C. Regulation of MMP-9 gene expression for the development of novel molecular targets against cancer and inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2005; 8:473-89. [PMID: 15469396 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.8.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The need to pharmacologically control the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been commonly acknowledged, despite its limited efficacy in clinical trials. Among the reasons that explain this failure is our limited understanding of the signals that control the expression of MMPs in different cell types during different pathological conditions. Thus, future therapies must rely on more selective approaches. With the continually increasing body of proof implicating MMPs in a large number of diseases, it has become a priority to establish the pertinence of molecules involved in the signalling pathways leading to the expression of these enzymes. MMP-9 is a case in point: its dramatic overexpression in cancer and various inflammatory conditions clearly points to the molecular mechanisms controlling its expression as a potential target for eventual rational therapeutic intervention. In this article, recent progress in the signalling pathways that regulate MMP-9 expression is reviewed, and the latest strategies to be considered in the search for a specific inhibitor of its expression are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, University of Quebec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Jenny M, Wrulich OA, Schwaiger W, Ueberall F. Relevance of atypical protein kinase C isotypes to the drug discovery process. Chembiochem 2005; 6:491-9. [PMID: 15712318 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Jenny
- Innsbruck Biocentre, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical School, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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39
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Dallot E, Méhats C, Oger S, Leroy MJ, Breuiller-Fouché M. A role for PKCζ in the LPS-induced translocation NF-κB p65 subunit in cultured myometrial cells. Biochimie 2005; 87:513-21. [PMID: 15935276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human myometrial cells respond to the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) zeta and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kB. Our first objective was to determine the expression of TLR4 in cultured myometrial cells. Positive immunoreactivity observed for TLR4 suggests that myometrial cells have the potential to respond to LPS. To confirm that LPS signals via TLR4, the ability of an anti-TLR4 neutralizing antibody to block LPS-induced translocation of p65 was demonstrated. To determine whether LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 is mediated through the PKC pathway, myometrial cells were treated with various inhibitors of the PKC isoforms already characterized in human myometrium. Neither the selective conventional PKC inhibitor nor the inhibitor of PKCdelta affected NF-kB activation. By contrast, we found that treatment of myometrial cells with an antisense against PKCzeta affect LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kB. Accordingly, our data support the notion that PKCzeta is essential for LPS-induced NF-kB p65 subunit nuclear translocation in human myometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Dallot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm U427, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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40
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Zhao Y, Liu J, Li L, Liu L, Wu L. Role of Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 128:43-50. [PMID: 15721486 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of protein kinase C (PKC) and its cross talk with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in angiotensin II (AngII)-elicited vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation are still unclear. In this study, the PKC pathway of AngII to activate ERK1/2 and induce cell proliferation was investigated in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The proliferation of VSMCs was tested by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated PKCzeta, ERK1/2, Elk-1, and mitogen-activated ERK-activating kinase (MEK) were estimated by Western blot analysis. The interactions of signal molecules were examined by immunoprecipitation. AngII-induced VSMC proliferation and activation of ERK1/2 and nuclear transcription factor Elk-1 were all down-regulated by PKC non-specific inhibitor (staurosporine) and PKCzeta pseudosubstrate inhibitor (PS-PKCzeta). Dominant negative Ras transfection into VSMCs decreased AngII-induced PKCzeta and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AngII stimulated the association of PKCzeta with Ras. AngII-induced MEK phosphorylation was inhibited by PKCzeta pseudosubstrate inhibitor and the PKCzeta-MEK complex was detected by immunoprecipitation. These results suggest that PKCzeta isoform is involved in VSMC proliferation and Elk-1 activation. AngII can activate ERK1/2 by Ras/PKCzeta/MEK pathway, which may be one of the important signal transduction pathways in AngII-induced VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
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Goodridge HS, Deehan MR, Harnett W, Harnett MM. Subversion of immunological signalling by a filarial nematode phosphorylcholine-containing secreted product. Cell Signal 2005; 17:11-6. [PMID: 15451020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses is an important strategy employed by pathogens to enable their survival in host organisms. Secreted immunomodulatory molecules are key weapons in the pathogen's battle with the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the immunomodulatory effects of the phosphorylcholine-containing filarial nematode glycoprotein, ES-62, on the host immune system and summarise the results of our studies to identify the intracellular signalling pathways targeted by ES-62 to achieve these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Goodridge
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
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42
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Kajita K, Mune T, Kanoh Y, Natsume Y, Ishizawa M, Kawai Y, Yasuda K, Sugiyama C, Ishizuka T. TNFalpha reduces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) via the production of ceramide and activation of atypical PKC. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 66 Suppl 1:S79-83. [PMID: 15563986 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Accepted: 09/22/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) decreases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), its mechanism is not understood. We evaluated the effect of ceramide, the second messenger of TNFalpha, on the expression of PPARgamma in primary cultured adipocytes. PPARgamma mRNA and aP2 mRNA levels were measured with real-time PCR. The PPARgamma protein level was measured with immunoblot. C6- and C2-ceramide, but not dihydroC6-ceramide, reduced the expression of PPARgamma in a time and concentration dependent manner. The application of 1 microM C6-ceramide for 36 h reduced PPARgamma mRNA level, aP2 mRNA level, and PPARgamma protein level to 56.3%, 80.4% and 62.1%, respectively. Since ceramide is known to activate atypical PKC, we also studied the role of atypical PKC on the PPARgamma reducing effect. Overexpression of wild type PKCzeta magnified and accelerated the effect of TNFalpha and C6-ceramide on PPARgamma mRNA levels, whereas overexpression of dominant negative PKCzeta abolished the effect. We also found that the overexpression of constitutive active PKCzeta reduced PPARgamma mRNA level, aP2 mRNA level, and PPARgamma protein level to 61.4%, 70.3% and 81.6%, respectively. Furthermore, TNFalpha activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), known as a downstream effector of PKCzeta to 256.6%, which was enhanced with overexpression of wild-type PKCzeta. On the other hand, treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, another activator of NF-kappaB, also reduced the expression of PPARgamma to 57.8%. These results indicate that the reducing effect of TNFalpha is mediated through ceramide, atypical PKC and NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kajita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Pham TNQ, Brown BL, Dobson PRM, Richardson VJ. Protein kinase C-eta (PKC-eta) is required for the development of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive phenotype in human monocytic cells. Nitric Oxide 2004; 9:123-34. [PMID: 14732335 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several murine and human monocytic cell lines and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from healthy volunteers were studied to compare their production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of iNOS following endotoxin treatment. Although the human cells were sensitive to endotoxin and responded well by producing TNF-alpha and matrix metalloproteases (MMP), there was no induction of iNOS expression or NO production by any of these cells. Murine cells, however, produced large amounts of NO and expressed iNOS following similar endotoxin stimulation. We investigated the expression of PKC isotypes in all human and murine cell lines as well as in MDM, and found that the human cells lacked PKC-eta while the murine counterparts lacked PKC-beta1. Subsequently, human cells that were transfected with PKC-eta were found to make large quantities of NO following endotoxin exposure, an observation not seen in untransfected cells. We propose that PKC-eta is essential for the development of the iNOS positive phenotype in human monocytic cells, and may be responsible for the development of a number of inflammatory related conditions. As such it may be a suitable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram N Q Pham
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's NL, Canada A1B 3V6
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44
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Beom S, Cheong D, Torres G, Caron MG, Kim KM. Comparative Studies of Molecular Mechanisms of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors for the Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:28304-14. [PMID: 15102843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403899200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors (D(2)R/D(3)R), which have similar structural architecture as well as functional similarities, are expressed in the same brain dopaminergic neurons. It is intriguing that two receptor proteins with virtually the same functional roles are expressed in the same neuron. Recently we have shown that D(2)R and D(3)R possess different regulatory processes including intracellular trafficking properties, which implies that they might employ different signaling mechanisms for regulation of the same cellular processes. Here we studied the signaling pathways of ERK activation mediated by D(2)R and D(3)R in HEK-293 cells and corroborated them with concomitant studies in COS-7 cells and C6 cells. Our results show that Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and atypical protein kinase C were commonly involved in D(2)R-/D(3)R-mediated ERK activation. However, beta-arrestin and sequestration of D(2)R/D(3)R were found not to be involved. ERK activations mediated by D(3)R, but not D(2)R, were blocked by betaARK-CT, AG1478 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, and by dominant negative mutants of Ras and Raf, suggesting the involvement of the Gbetagamma(i) pathway. The alpha-subunit of G(o) (Galpha(o)) was able to couple with D(3)R to mediate ERK activation. We conclude that D(3)R mainly utilizes the betagamma pathway of G(i) protein, which involves the transactivation of EGFR in HEK-293 cells. In contrast, the alpha-subunit of the G(i) protein plays a main role in D(2)R-mediated ERK activation. Our study suggests one example of intricate cellular regulations in the brain, that is, dopaminergic neurons could regulate ERK activity more flexibly through alternative usage of either the D(2)R or D(3)R pathway depending on the cellular situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunRyeo Beom
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwang-Ju, 500-757 Korea
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45
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Centurione L, Di Giulio C, Cacchio M, Rapino M, Bosco D, Grifone G, Sabatini N, Bianchi G, Castorina S, Antonucci A, Cataldi A. Correlations between protein kinase C zeta signaling and morphological modifications during rat heart development and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2004; 124:957-66. [PMID: 14499501 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
From birth to aging the heart undergoes functional changes reflecting biochemical and ultrastructural modifications which imply apoptosis. This is a physiological process resulting from genetic programs closely associated with development and aging. During development apoptosis eliminates redundant cells leading to heart remodeling, while during aging it eliminates damaged or exhausted cells. In the present paper we analyze some molecular mechanisms involved with heart morphological modifications, especially in the neonatal heart which displays different features in the subendocardial and myocardial area. The high number of subendocardial apoptotic cells and the inverted ratio of Bcl-2/Bax molecule expression in the two heart compartments led us to hypothesize a different metabolism in the myocardium as compared with subendocardium. Moreover, we propose that PKC zeta may mediate this different response by activating Nf-kB pathway and by maintaining the balance between hypertrophic growth and apoptosis involved with remodeling of neonatal heart. Further, we underline that in the aged heart, where this pathway is not activated, such balance is not maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Centurione
- Dipartimento di Biomorfologia, Università G. D' Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 6, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Catley MC, Cambridge LM, Nasuhara Y, Ito K, Chivers JE, Beaton A, Holden NS, Bergmann MW, Barnes PJ, Newton R. Inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) prevent activated transcription: role of events downstream of NF-kappaB DNA binding. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:18457-66. [PMID: 14976190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400765200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary A549 cells, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, and the phosphotidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor, D609, prevent NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, yet NF-kappaB DNA binding is unaffected (Bergmann, M., Hart, L., Lindsay, M., Barnes, P. J., and Newton, R. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 6607-6610). We now show that this effect also occurs in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells as well as with other PKC inhibitors (Gö 6976, GF109203X, and calphostin C) in A549 cells. Similarly, phorbol ester, a diacylglycerol mimetic, activates NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and potentiates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, yet unlike TNFalpha, poorly activates IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity, IkappaBalpha degradation, or NF-kappaB DNA binding in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells. As phorbol ester-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription was relatively insensitive to the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, PKC may affect NF-kappaB-dependent transcription via mechanisms other than the core IKK-IkappaB pathway. This is supported by Gal4 one hybrid analysis of p65/RelA transactivation, which was potentiated by TNFalpha and phorbol ester and was inhibited by Ro 31-8220 and D609. Additionally, a number of PKC isoforms, particularly the novel isoform PKCepsilon, induced p65/RelA transactivation. Phosphorylation of p65/RelA and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) was increased by TNFalpha treatment and, in the case of CBP, was prevented by Ro 31-8220 or D609. However, p65/RelA-CBP interactions were unaffected by either compound. As this effect was not limited to NF-kappaB, but was a more general feature of inducible gene transcription, we suggest PKC isoforms may provide a point of intervention in diseases such as inflammation, or cancer, where activated gene expression is prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Catley
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
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Nebl G, Fischer S, Penzel R, Samstag Y. Dephosphorylation of cofilin is regulated through Ras and requires the combined activities of the Ras-effectors MEK and PI3K. Cell Signal 2004; 16:235-43. [PMID: 14636893 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(03)00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for a multitude of cellular functions including cell movement, intracellular transport as well as signal transduction and gene expression processes. Cofilin has been identified as a key mediator of actin reorganization. Its activity is regulated via reversible phosphorylation of ser-3. In a variety of cell types stimulation through particular surface receptors fastly induces the dephosphorylation/activation of cofilin. Yet, the signal transduction cascades linking receptor stimulation with cofilin activation have not been identified so far. Here we show that the GTPase Ras acts as a central regulator of the cofilin dephosphorylation pathway. Thus, stimulation of Ras through platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or transient expression of activated Ras-proteins induces the dephosphorylation of cofilin. Importantly, the cooperation of two Ras-initiated signaling pathways is required to induce cofilin dephosphorylation: a Ras-Raf-MAPkinase/Erk-kinase (MEK)- and a Ras-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-effector cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Nebl
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gentry JJ, Barker PA, Carter BD. The p75 neurotrophin receptor: multiple interactors and numerous functions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 146:25-39. [PMID: 14699954 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(03)46002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR), is involved in a diverse array of cellular responses, including apoptosis, neurite outgrowth and myelination. Stimulation of p75NTR with neurotrophin can activate multiple downstream signals, including the small GTP binding protein Rac, the transcription factor NF-kappa B and the stress activated kinase, JNK. How these signals are generated and regulated to produce a specific cellular effect has yet to be fully elucidated. A number of proteins have recently been shown to interact with the intracellular domain of p75NTR. Here, we review these p75NTR interacting factors and the current evidence as to how they contribute to the functional effects of p75NTR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannifer J Gentry
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Uhlig U, Fehrenbach H, Lachmann RA, Goldmann T, Lachmann B, Vollmer E, Uhlig S. Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase inhibition prevents ventilation-induced lung cell activation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 169:201-8. [PMID: 14578214 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200303-343oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, protective ventilation strategies reduce mortality and proinflammatory mediator levels. It has been suggested that some of the side effects of mechanical ventilation are caused by the excessive release of mediators capable of causing pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction (biotrauma). Selective inhibition of this process might be used to minimize the side effects of artificial mechanical ventilation. This study was designed to identify the cell types and specific signaling mechanisms that are activated by ventilation with increased pressure/volume (overventilation). In isolated perfused mouse lungs, overventilation caused nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and enhanced expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial type II cells. The phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase inhibitor Ly294002 prevented nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and the subsequent release of interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2alpha in overventilated but not in endotoxic lungs. Similar results were obtained in rats in vivo, where Ly294002 prevented NF-kappaB activation by overventilation but not by endotoxin. These findings show that alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial type II cells contribute to the ventilation-induced release of proinflammatory mediators and that selective inhibition of this process is possible without inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB by endotoxin.
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Di Liberto G, Dallot E, Eude-Le Parco I, Cabrol D, Ferré F, Breuiller-Fouché M. A critical role for PKC zeta in endothelin-1-induced uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C599-607. [PMID: 12748064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00040.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that protein kinase C (PKC) zeta and/or PKC delta are necessary for endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced human myometrial contraction at the end of pregnancy (Eude I, Paris P, Cabrol D, Ferré F, and Breuiller-Fouché M. Biol Reprod 63: 1567-1573, 2000). Here, we report that the selective inhibitor of PKC delta isoform, Rottlerin, does not prevent ET-1-induced contractions, whereas LY-294002, a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor, affects the contractile response. This study characterized the in vitro contractile response of cultured human pregnant myometrial cells to ET-1 known to induce in vitro contractions of intact uterine smooth muscle strips. Cultured myometrial cells incorporated into collagen lattices have the capacity to reduce the size of these lattices, referred to as lattice contraction. Neither the selective conventional PKC isoform inhibitor, Gö-6976, or rottlerin affected myometrial cell-mediated gel contraction by ET-1, whereas this effect was blocked by LY-294002. We found that treatment of myometrial cell lattices with an inhibitory peptide specific for PKC zeta or with an antisense against PKC zeta resulted in a significant loss of ET-1-induced contraction. Evidence is also presented by using confocal microscopy that ET-1 induced translocation of PKC zeta to a structure coincident with the actin-rich microfilaments of the cytoskeleton. We have shown that PKC zeta has a role in the actin organization in ET-1-stimulated cells. Accordingly, our results suggest that PKC zeta plays a role in myometrial contraction in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Liberto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U361, Pavillon Baudelocque, 75014 Paris, France
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