1
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Ziadlou R, Pandian GN, Hafner J, Akdis CA, Stingl G, Maverakis E, Brüggen MC. Subcutaneous adipose tissue: Implications in dermatological diseases and beyond. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39206504 DOI: 10.1111/all.16295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the deepest component of the three-layered cutaneous integument. While mesenteric adipose tissue-based immune processes have gained recognition in the context of the metabolic syndrome, SAT has been traditionally considered primarily for energy storage, with less attention to its immune functions. SAT harbors a reservoir of immune and stromal cells that significantly impact metabolic and immunologic processes not only in the skin, but even on a systemic level. These processes include wound healing, cutaneous and systemic infections, immunometabolic, and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, as well as neoplastic conditions. A better understanding of SAT immune functions in different processes, could open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Targeting SAT may not only address SAT-specific diseases but also offer potential treatments for cutaneous or even systemic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on SAT's structure and functions, highlight recent advancements in understanding its role in both homeostatic and pathological conditions within and beyond the skin, and discuss the main questions for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihane Ziadlou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jürg Hafner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
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2
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Ruoss S, Nasamran CA, Ball ST, Chen JL, Halter KN, Bruno KA, Whisenant TC, Parekh JN, Dorn SN, Esparza MC, Bremner SN, Fisch KM, Engler AJ, Ward SR. Comparative single-cell transcriptional and proteomic atlas of clinical-grade injectable mesenchymal source tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2831. [PMID: 38996032 PMCID: PMC11244553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) are the most marketed stem cell therapies to treat a variety of conditions in the general population and elite athletes. Both tissues have been used interchangeably clinically even though their detailed composition, heterogeneity, and mechanisms of action have neither been rigorously inventoried nor compared. This lack of information has prevented investigations into ideal dosages and has facilitated anecdata and misinformation. Here, we analyzed single-cell transcriptomes, proteomes, and flow cytometry profiles from paired clinical-grade BMAC and ADSVF. This comparative transcriptional atlas challenges the prevalent notion that there is one therapeutic cell type present in both tissues. We also provide data of surface markers that may enable isolation and investigation of cell (sub)populations. Furthermore, the proteome atlas highlights intertissue and interpatient heterogeneity of injected proteins with potentially regenerative or immunomodulatory capacities. An interactive webtool is available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Ruoss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chanond A. Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott T. Ball
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Halter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A. Bruno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C. Whisenant
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesal N. Parekh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shanelle N. Dorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary C. Esparza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel R. Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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3
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Yu M, Qin K, Fan J, Zhao G, Zhao P, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang A, Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhu Y, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho S, Lee MJ, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC. The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101026. [PMID: 38292186 PMCID: PMC10825312 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in development and adult tissue homeostasis across species. Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical (β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical (β-catenin independent) Wnt signaling pathways. Cellular behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway, which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling paths. Wnt signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues. This includes but is not limited to embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, gut, neural, and epidermal stem cells. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like properties. Wnt signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone disorders. Not surprisingly, aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. Mutations of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Altogether, advances in the understanding of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt pathway. Beginning with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells, aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases, and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yu
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin Qin
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jiamin Zhong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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4
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Carobbio S, Pellegrinelli V, Vidal-Puig A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Determines Lipotoxicity and Triggers the Metabolic Syndrome: Current Challenges and Clinical Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:231-272. [PMID: 39287854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The adipose tissue organ is organised as distinct anatomical depots located all along the body axis, and it is constituted of three different types of adipocytes: white, beige and brown, which are integrated with vascular, immune, neural, and extracellular stroma cells. These distinct adipocytes serve different specialised functions. The main function of white adipocytes is to ensure healthy storage of excess nutrients/energy and its rapid mobilisation to supply the demand of energy imposed by physiological cues in other organs, whereas brown and beige adipocytes are designed for heat production through uncoupling lipid oxidation from energy production. The concerted action of the three types of adipocytes/tissues ensures an optimal metabolic status. However, when one or several of these adipose depots become dysfunctional because of sustained lipid/nutrient overload, then insulin resistance and associated metabolic complications ensue. These metabolic alterations close a vicious cycle that negatively affects the adipose tissue functionality and compromises global metabolic homeostasis. Optimising white adipose tissue expandability and ensuring its functional metabolic flexibility and/or promoting brown/beige mediated thermogenic activity are complementary strategies that counteract obesity and its associated lipotoxic metabolic effects. However, the development of these therapeutic approaches requires a deep understanding of adipose tissue in all broad aspects. In this chapter, we will discuss the characteristics of the different adipose tissue depots with respect to origins and precursors recruitment, plasticity, cellular composition, and expandability capacity potential as well as molecular and metabolic characteristic signatures in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Current antilipotoxic strategies for future clinical application are also discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Pellegrinelli
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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6
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Sastourné-Arrey Q, Mathieu M, Contreras X, Monferran S, Bourlier V, Gil-Ortega M, Murphy E, Laurens C, Varin A, Guissard C, Barreau C, André M, Juin N, Marquès M, Chaput B, Moro C, O'Gorman D, Casteilla L, Girousse A, Sengenès C. Adipose tissue is a source of regenerative cells that augment the repair of skeletal muscle after injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 36604419 PMCID: PMC9816314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, as they generate a favorable niche that allows satellite cells to perform efficient muscle regeneration. After muscle injury, FAP content increases rapidly within the injured muscle, the origin of which has been attributed to their proliferation within the muscle itself. However, recent single-cell RNAseq approaches have revealed phenotype and functional heterogeneity in FAPs, raising the question of how this differentiation of regenerative subtypes occurs. Here we report that FAP-like cells residing in subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT), the adipose stromal cells (ASCs), are rapidly released from ScAT in response to muscle injury. Additionally, we find that released ASCs infiltrate the damaged muscle, via a platelet-dependent mechanism and thus contribute to the FAP heterogeneity. Moreover, we show that either blocking ASCs infiltration or removing ASCs tissue source impair muscle regeneration. Collectively, our data reveal that ScAT is an unsuspected physiological reservoir of regenerative cells that support skeletal muscle regeneration, underlining a beneficial relationship between muscle and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sastourné-Arrey
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Mathieu
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Contreras
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Monferran
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Bourlier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM /Paul Sabatier University UMR 1297, Team MetaDiab, Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Enda Murphy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Laurens
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM /Paul Sabatier University UMR 1297, Team MetaDiab, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Varin
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 2 FLAMES, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guissard
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 4 GOT-IT, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Barreau
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille André
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Noémie Juin
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Marquès
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM /Paul Sabatier University UMR 1297, Team MetaDiab, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Chaput
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM /Paul Sabatier University UMR 1297, Team MetaDiab, Toulouse, France
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 4 GOT-IT, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Girousse
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- RESTORE, Research Center, Team 1 STROMAGICS, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Hatzmann FM, Großmann S, Waldegger P, Wiegers GJ, Mandl M, Rauchenwald T, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 cell surface expression marks an abundant adipose stem/progenitor cell population with high stemness in human white adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2022; 11:601-615. [PMID: 36168895 PMCID: PMC9542856 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2129060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) to undergo self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for adipose tissue homoeostasis, regeneration and expansion. However, the heterogeneous ASC populations of the adipose lineage constituting adipose tissue are not precisely known. In the present study, we demonstrate that cell surface expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4)/cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) subdivides the DLK1-/CD34+/CD45-/CD31- ASC pool of human white adipose tissues (WATs) into two large populations. Ex vivo, DPP4+ ASCs possess higher self-renewal and proliferation capacity and lesser adipocyte differentiation potential than DDP4- ASCs. The knock-down of DPP4 in ASC leads to significantly reduced proliferation and self-renewal capacity, while adipogenic differentiation is increased. Ectopic overexpression of DPP4 strongly inhibits adipogenesis. Moreover, in whole mount stainings of human subcutaneous (s)WAT, we detect DPP4 in CD34+ ASC located in the vascular stroma surrounding small blood vessels and in mature adipocytes. We conclude that DPP4 is a functional marker for an abundant ASC population in human WAT with high proliferation and self-renewal potential and low adipogenic differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Großmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Jan Wiegers
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Mandl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tina Rauchenwald
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,CONTACT Werner Zwerschke Head of the Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck
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8
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Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223540. [PMID: 36428969 PMCID: PMC9688588 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion either through hypertrophy or hyperplasia is determinant in the link between obesity and metabolic alteration. The present study aims to profile the unhealthy subcutaneous and visceral AT (SAT, VAT) expansion in obesity and in the outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS). The repartition of adipocytes according to diameter and the numbers of progenitor subtypes and immune cells of SAT and VAT from 161 obese patients were determined by cell imaging and flow cytometry, respectively. Associations with insulin resistance (IR) prior to BS as well as with the loss of excessive weight (EWL) and IR at 1 and 3 years post-BS were studied; prior to BS, SAT and VAT, unhealthy expansions are characterized by the accumulation of adipogenic progenitors and CD4+ T lymphocytes and by adipocyte hypertrophy and elevated macrophage numbers, respectively. Such SAT stromal profile and VAT adipocyte hypertrophy are associated with adverse BS outcomes. Finally, myofibrogenic progenitors are a common determinant of weight and IR trajectories post-BS; the study suggests that adipogenesis in SAT and adipocyte hypertrophy in VAT are common determinants of metabolic alterations with obesity and of the weight loss and metabolic response to bariatric surgery. The data open up new avenues to better understand and predict individual outcomes in response to changes in energy balance.
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9
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex heterogeneous tissue composed of adipocytes along with several non-adipocyte populations, including blood, stromal, endothelial, and progenitor cells, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As obesity progresses, the adipose tissue expands dynamically through adipocyte hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. This expansion requires continuous ECM remodeling to properly accommodate the size increase as well as functional changes. Upon reaching a hypertrophic threshold beyond the adipocyte buffering capacity, excess ECM components are deposited, causing fibrosis and ultimately resulting in unhealthy metabolic maladaptation. These complex ECM remodeling processes in adipose tissues are regulated by the local environment, several key mediators, and genetic factors that are closely linked to insulin sensitivity. It is crucial to understand how adipocytes interact with nonadipocyte populations and various mediators (i.e., immune cells, ECM components, and adipokines) during these processes. This mini-review provides an overview of the latest research into the biology of obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its related clinical manifestations, providing insight for further studies aimed at controlling metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hasegawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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10
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The Identification of HSA-MIR-17-5P Existence in the Exosome of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have ability to down-regulate gene expressions. hsa-miR-17-5p, has been confirmed as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. However, the existence on human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or adipocytes, is still unclear. Many researchers emphasizing the role of hsa-miR-17-5p on cellular senescence, aging and cancer, but not specific on the expression in the exosome of human ADSCs and adipocytes. The primary ADSCs were derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant woman during elective cesarean operation, then processed by combining conventional and enzymatic methods. Adipocytes were differentiated by using the StemPro Adipogenesis Differentiation kit® and Oil Red-O staining. Exosomes were isolated using Exosome Purification and RNA Isolation kit® and were characterized by scanning electron microscope. The markers, CD34 and CD44, were identified and analyzed by using FACS analysis. Subsequently, microRNA was extracted and observed for hsa-miR-17-5p expression. This study showed that ADSCs and adipocytes were proved to express CD34+ and CD44+. The hsa-miR-17-5p were also detected in both the exosome of ADSCs and adipocytes. Although the source of the ADSCs was from pregnant woman, the characteristic was similar with the ones from non-pregnant woman. Our study also supports the questionable existence of CD34 in ADSCs. Having confirmed the characteristics, we proved that the exosomes of ADSCs and adipocytes expressed similar hsa-miR-17-5p despite they are from phenotypically different cell types and may have distinct roles. However, further research steps should be done in the future to verify the role of hsa-miR-17-5p towards senescent cell and ADSC differentiation.
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Hatzmann FM, Ejaz A, Wiegers GJ, Mandl M, Brucker C, Lechner S, Rauchenwald T, Zwierzina M, Baumgarten S, Wagner S, Mattesich M, Waldegger P, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. Quiescence, Stemness and Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity in Human DLK1 -/CD34 +/CD24 + Adipose Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020214. [PMID: 33498986 PMCID: PMC7912596 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the status of quiescence, stemness and adipogenic differentiation capacity in adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) ex vivo, immediately after isolation from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue, by sorting the stromal vascular fraction into cell-surface DLK1+/CD34−, DLK1+/CD34dim and DLK1−/CD34+ cells. We demonstrate that DLK1−/CD34+ cells, the only population exhibiting proliferative and adipogenic capacity, express ex vivo the bonafide quiescence markers p21Cip1, p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 but neither proliferation markers nor the senescence marker p16Ink4a. The pluripotency markers NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4 are barely detectable in ex vivo ASCs while the somatic stemness factors, c-MYC and KLF4 and the early adipogenic factor C/EBPβ are highly expressed. Further sorting of ASCs into DLK1−/CD34+/CD24− and DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+ fractions shows that KLF4 and c-MYC are higher expressed in DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+ cells correlating with higher colony formation capacity and considerably lower adipogenic activity. Proliferation capacity is similar in both populations. Next, we show that ASCs routinely isolated by plastic-adherence are DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+. Intriguingly, CD24 knock-down in these cells reduces proliferation and adipogenesis. In conclusion, DLK1−/CD34+ ASCs in human sWAT exist in a quiescent state, express high levels of somatic stemness factors and the early adipogenic transcription factor C/EBPβ but senescence and pluripotency markers are barely detectable. Moreover, our data indicate that CD24 is necessary for adequate ASC proliferation and adipogenesis and that stemness is higher and adipogenic capacity lower in DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+ relative to DLK1−/CD34+/CD24− subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M. Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - G. Jan Wiegers
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Markus Mandl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Camille Brucker
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Lechner
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Tina Rauchenwald
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Saphira Baumgarten
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Sonja Wagner
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-507508-32; Fax: +43-512-507508-99
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Girousse A, Mathieu M, Sastourné-Arrey Q, Monferran S, Casteilla L, Sengenès C. Endogenous Mobilization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Pathway for Interorgan Communication? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:598520. [PMID: 33490065 PMCID: PMC7820193 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To coordinate specialized organs, inter-tissue communication appeared during evolution. Consequently, individual organs communicate their states via a vast interorgan communication network (ICN) made up of peptides, proteins, and metabolites that act between organs to coordinate cellular processes under homeostasis and stress. However, the nature of the interorgan signaling could be even more complex and involve mobilization mechanisms of unconventional cells that are still poorly described. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) virtually reside in all tissues, though the biggest reservoir discovered so far is adipose tissue where they are named adipose stromal cells (ASCs). MSCs are thought to participate in tissue maintenance and repair since the administration of exogenous MSCs is well known to exert beneficial effects under several pathological conditions. However, the role of endogenous MSCs is barely understood. Though largely debated, the presence of circulating endogenous MSCs has been reported in multiple pathophysiological conditions, but the significance of such cell circulation is not known and therapeutically untapped. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the circulation of native MSCs, and we highlight recent findings describing MSCs as putative key components of the ICN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Girousse
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Mathieu
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Sastourné-Arrey
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Monferran
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Distinct Shades of Adipocytes Control the Metabolic Roles of Adipose Tissues: From Their Origins to Their Relevance for Medical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010040. [PMID: 33466493 PMCID: PMC7824911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue resides in specific depots scattered in peripheral or deeper locations all over the body and it enwraps most of the organs. This tissue is always in a dynamic evolution as it must adapt to the metabolic demand and constraints. It exhibits also endocrine functions important to regulate energy homeostasis. This complex organ is composed of depots able to produce opposite functions to monitor energy: the so called white adipose tissue acts to store energy as triglycerides preventing ectopic fat deposition while the brown adipose depots dissipate it. It is composed of many cell types. Different types of adipocytes constitute the mature cells specialized to store or burn energy. Immature adipose progenitors (AP) presenting stem cells properties contribute not only to the maintenance but also to the expansion of this tissue as observed in overweight or obese individuals. They display a high regeneration potential offering a great interest for cell therapy. In this review, we will depict the attributes of the distinct types of adipocytes and their contribution to the function and metabolic features of adipose tissue. We will examine the specific role and properties of distinct depots according to their location. We will consider their cellular heterogeneity to present an updated picture of this sophisticated tissue. We will also introduce new trends pointing out a rational targeting of adipose tissue for medical applications.
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Dexamethasone primes adipocyte precursor cells for differentiation by enhancing adipogenic competency. Life Sci 2020; 261:118363. [PMID: 32861797 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dexamethasone (DXM) is a synthetic glucocorticoid whose effects in early and terminal adipogenesis have been addressed. In this study, we evaluated if DXM affects adipocyte precursor cells (APCs), priming them for further adipogenic differentiation. For this purpose, we analyzed APCs number and competency after DXM treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male rats were injected for 2 or 7 days with either DXM (30 μg/kg of weight, sc.) or vehicle. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) were isolated to quantify APCs by flow cytometry (CD34+/CD45-/CD31-). Also, expression of competency markers (PPARγ2 and Zfp423) was assessed. Additionally, SVF cells from control rats were incubated with DXM (0.25 μM) alone or combined with a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist (Spironolactone 10 μM) and/or a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (RU486 1 μM) to assess APCs competency and adipocyte differentiation. KEY FINDINGS APCs from 2 days DXM-treated rats showed increased expression of PPARγ2 and Zfp423 (competency markers), but did not affect APCs percentage by FACS analysis (CD34+/CD45-/CD31-). Additionally, we found that DXM treatment in SVF also increased APCs competency in vitro, predisposing APCs to further adipocyte differentiation. These effects on APCs were abrogated only when both, MR and GR, were blocked. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our results suggest that DXM primes APCs for differentiation mainly by enhancing Zfp423 and PPARγ2 expressions. Also, we showed that the inhibition of MR and GR was necessary for the complete abolishment of DXM effects.
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15
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Luck J, Weil BD, Lowdell M, Mosahebi A. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Wound Healing Applications: Understanding the Clinical and Regulatory Environment. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:784-799. [PMID: 31406975 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the regenerative potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for wound healing applications. ADSCs have been shown to promote revascularization, activate local stem cell niches, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate immune responses. Combined with the fact that they can be harvested in large numbers with minimal donor site morbidity, ADSC products represent promising regenerative cell therapies. This article provides a detailed description of the defining characteristics and therapeutic potential of ADSCs, with a focus on understanding how ADSCs promote tissue regeneration and repair. It summarizes the current regulatory environment governing the use of ADSC products across Europe and the United States and examines how various adipose-derived products conform to the current UK legislative framework. Advice is given to clinicians and researchers on how novel ADSC therapeutics may be developed in accordance with regulatory guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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16
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Boulet N, Galitzky J. [Lobular architecture of human adipose tissue defines niches shaping progenitor cell fates]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:197-200. [PMID: 32228831 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boulet
- Inserm UMR 1048, équipe 1, Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean Galitzky
- Inserm UMR 1048, équipe 1, Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Chen CY, Su CW, Kang JX. Endogenous Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduce the Number and Differentiation of White Adipocyte Progenitors in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:235-240. [PMID: 31721479 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing the increased number of white adipocyte progenitors (WAP) is considered a novel approach to controlling obesity. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in regulating the WAP resident population is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFA on the niche composition of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS Stromal vascular cell fraction (SVF) was collected from subcutaneous fat of wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice carrying a fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans (Fat-1 mice), which are capable of synthesizing omega-3 PUFA and have much higher tissue levels of omega-3 PUFA relative to WT mice. The isolated SVF cells were cultured and used for the examination of adipocyte differentiation, adipogenic markers, fatty acid composition, and WAP numbers. RESULTS SVF isolated from Fat-1 mice (Fat-1-SVF) exhibited markedly fewer differentiated adipocytes with smaller cell size and less lipid content than that of WT mice (WT-SVF). Accordingly, adipogenesis-related genes and the white adipocyte surface marker ASC-1 were downregulated in Fat-1-SVF relative to WT-SVF. Furthermore, WAP numbers and adipose tissue macrophages were lower in Fat-1-SVF than WT-SVF. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 PUFA can both limit the WAP resident population and suppress their differentiation to white adipocytes, suggesting a new mechanism for the antiobesity effect of omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The Effect of Blood-Derived Products on the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Originated from Three Different Locations. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1358267. [PMID: 32082382 PMCID: PMC7012275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1358267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) from fat tissue considered “surgical waste” during joint surgery may provide a potent source for regenerative medicine. Intra-articular, homologous fat tissue (Hoffa's fat pad, pouch fat) might possess a superior chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential in comparison to extra-articular, nonhomologous fat. Blood products might further enhance this potential. Methods AD-MSCs were isolated from fat tissue of 3 donors from 3 locations each, during total knee replacement. Isolated cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. Cells were supplemented with blood products: two types of platelet-rich plasma (EPRP—PRP prepared in the presence of EDTA; CPRP—PRP prepared in the presence of citrate), hyperacute serum (hypACT), and standard fetal calf serum (FCS) as a positive control. The viability of the cells was determined by XTT assay, and the progress of differentiation was tested via histological staining and monitoring of specific gene expression. Results Blood products enhance ex vivo cell metabolism. Chondrogenesis is enhanced by EDTA-PRP and osteogenesis by citrate PRP, whereas hyperacute serum enhances both differentiations comparably. This finding was consistent in histological analysis as well as in gene expression. Lower blood product concentrations and shorter differentiation periods lead to superior histological results for chondrogenesis. Both PRP types had a different biological effect depending upon concentration, whereas hyperacute serum seemed to have a more consistent effect, independent of the used concentration. Conclusion (i) Blood product preparation method, (ii) type of anticoagulant, (iii) differentiation time, and (iv) blood product concentration have a significant influence on stem cell viability and the differentiation potential, favouring no use of anticoagulation, shorter differentiation time, and lower blood product concentrations. Cell-free blood products like hyperacute serum may be considered as an alternative supplementation in regenerative medicine, especially for stem cell therapies.
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Kolodziej M, Strauss S, Lazaridis A, Bucan V, Kuhbier JW, Vogt PM, Könneker S. Influence of glucose and insulin in human adipogenic differentiation models with adipose-derived stem cells. Adipocyte 2019; 8:254-264. [PMID: 31280651 PMCID: PMC6768274 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1636626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting represents an attractive source for tissue engineering applications in the field of reconstructive medicine. However, in adipogenic differentiation protocols for human adipose-derived stem cells, the concentration of glucose and insulin varies considerably. With the intent to gain maximum tissue augmentation, we focused on the late phase of adipogenesis. In this study, we modified the differentiation protocol for adipose-derived stem cells by prolongation of the induction period and the application highly concentrated glucose and insulin. Human adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous depots and differentiated in a standard induction medium for the first two weeks, followed by two weeks with varying glucose and insulin concentrations. Morphological changes assessed using Oil-Red-O staining were examined for corresponding alterations in the expression of the adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Furthermore, glucose and lactate levels in conditioned media were monitored over the period of differentiation. We found high-glucose media increasing the level of lipid accumulation and the size of single droplets whereas insulin significantly showed a dose-dependent negative effect on fat storage. However, whereas high glucose stimulated PPARγ transcription, expression levels in insulin-treated cells remained constant. Results permit assumptions that a high-glucose medium intensifies the degree of differentiation in mature adipocytes providing conditions to promote graft volume while we have identified highly concentrated insulin treatment as an inhibitor of lipid storage in the late adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kolodziej
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sarah Strauss
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea Lazaridis
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jörn W. Kuhbier
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter M. Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sören Könneker
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Ejaz A, Hatzmann FM, Hammerle S, Ritthammer H, Mattesich M, Zwierzina M, Waldegger P, Zwerschke W. Fibroblast feeder layer supports adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Adipocyte 2019; 8:178-189. [PMID: 31033380 PMCID: PMC6768258 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1608751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) can differentiate into adipocytes in the course of adipogenesis. This process is governed by systemic factors and signals of the adipose stem cell niche. ASCs isolated from fat tissues and amplified in vitro provide an essential and reliable model system to study adipogenesis. However, current cell culture models routinely grow ASCs on plastic surfaces largely missing niche parameters. In the present communication, we employed human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) monolayers as feeder cells for ASCs, which were isolated from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue and amplified in vitro. We found that PPARγ2 and several adipocyte markers were significantly higher expressed in differentiated ASCs growing on feeder layers relative to plastic dishes. Moreover, a significant higher number of adipocytes was generated from ASCs cultured on feeder layer and these adipocytes contained larger fat droplets. Insulin strongly stimulated glucose uptake into adipocytes produced on feeder layer suggesting that these cells show characteristic metabolic features of fat cells. Finally, we show that the HFF feeder layer allows adipogenic differentiation of low-density-seeded ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the HFF feeder layer increases adipocyte differentiation of ASCs and allows differentiation of low density seeded progenitor cells into functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Hammerle
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heike Ritthammer
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Human intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of autologous, non-engineered, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for neurodegenerative disorders: results of a 3-year phase 1 study of 113 injections in 31 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5257-5272. [PMID: 31327120 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have chosen to test the safety of human intracerebroventricular (ICV) brain injections of autologous non-genetically-modified adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). In this IRB-approved trial, 24 patients received ICV ADSVF via an implanted reservoir between 5/22/14 and 5/22/17. Seven others were injected via their ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Ten patients had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 had progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-P), 6 had Parkinson's "Plus" (PD+), 1 had spinal cord injury, 1 had traumatic brain injury, and 1 had stroke. Median age was 74 (range 41-83). Injections were planned every 2-3 months. Thirty-one patients had 113 injections. Patients received SVF injection volumes of 3.5-20 cc (median:4 cc) containing 4.05 × 105 to 6.2 × 107 cells/cc, which contained an average of 8% hematopoietic and 7.5% adipose stem cells. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 36 months (median: 9.2 months). MRIs post injection(s) were unchanged, except for one AD patient whose hippocampal volume increased from < 5th percentile to 48th percentile (NeuroQuant® volumetric MRI). Of the 10 AD patients, 8 were stable or improved in tests of cognition. Two showed improvement in P-tau and ß-amyloid levels. Of the 6 MS-P patients all are stable or improved. Four of 6 ALS patients died of disease progression. Twelve of 111 injections (11%) led to 1-4 days of transient meningismus, and mild temperature elevation, which resolved with acetaminophen and/or dexamethasone. Two (1.8% of injections) required hospitalization for these symptoms. One patient (0.9% of injections) had his reservoir removed and later replaced for presumed infection. In this Phase 1 safety trial, ADSVF was safely injected into the human brain ventricular system in patients with no other treatment options. Secondary endpoints of clinical improvement or stability were particularly promising in the AD and MS-P groups. These results will be submitted for a Phase 2 FDA-approved trial.
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Lobular architecture of human adipose tissue defines the niche and fate of progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2549. [PMID: 31186409 PMCID: PMC6560121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue (hAT) is constituted of structural units termed lobules, the organization of which remains to be defined. Here we report that lobules are composed of two extracellular matrix compartments, i.e., septa and stroma, delineating niches of CD45-/CD34+/CD31- progenitor subsets characterized by MSCA1 (ALPL) and CD271 (NGFR) expression. MSCA1+ adipogenic subset is enriched in stroma while septa contains mainly MSCA1-/CD271- and MSCA1-/CD271high progenitors. CD271 marks myofibroblast precursors and NGF ligand activation is a molecular relay of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast conversion. In human subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VS) AT, the progenitor subset repartition is different, modulated by obesity and in favor of adipocyte and myofibroblast fate, respectively. Lobules exhibit depot-specific architecture with marked fibrous septa containing mesothelial-like progenitor cells in VSAT. Thus, the human AT lobule organization in specific progenitor subset domains defines the fat depot intrinsic capacity to remodel and may contribute to obesity-associated cardiometabolic risks.
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23
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Okyay MF, Kömürcü H, Bağhaki S, Demiröz A, Aydın Ö, Arslan H. Effects of Insulin, Metoprolol and Deferoxamine on Fat Graft Survival. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:845-852. [PMID: 30937476 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main problem faced with fat grafting is unpredictable resorption rates. Many substances have been reported to increase the survival of fat grafts. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of insulin, metoprolol and deferoxamine on fat graft survival. METHODS Inguinal fat pads of male Sprague-Dawley rats were harvested and split into four parts as grafts. The grafts were placed in subcutaneous pockets in four quadrants on the back area of the rats. The insulin and metoprolol group fat grafts were incubated in regular insulin and metoprolol solutions, until they were placed. Deferoxamine and control group fat grafts were placed without incubation. After surgery, the control group fat grafts were injected with 10 doses of NaCl solution once every 3 days, and the deferoxamine group fat grafts were injected with 10 doses of deferoxamine solution once every 3 days. After a graft maturation period of 3 months, the grafts were harvested for weight measurements and histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS According to the rate of perilipin staining, the metoprolol group had 30% more mature viable adipocytes than the control and insulin group fat grafts (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CD31 activation rates were significantly higher in the deferoxamine and insulin group than in the metoprolol group (p < 0.05). CD34 staining rates did not differ between any groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this experimental study, we have shown that there was no significantly increased fat graft survival rate seen in any drug treatment group. Low survival rates of stem cells demonstrated that the adipogenesis period ended at 3 months. Treatment of fat grafts with the selective β1-blocker metoprolol resulted in good quality better graft take with more viable mature adipocytes. However, better viability of adipocytes did not result in increased weight of the fat graft. Studies aiming to compare the effects on fat graft survival of beta-blockers with long or short durations of action, different potencies and different receptor selectivity may be designed in the future. In addition, further studies may be performed, in which immunohistochemical markers used to assess inflammation and fibrosis are added to the study after the completion of the fat graft maturation period at the end of the first year to test the permanence of the results. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors - www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Okyay
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kömürcü
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semih Bağhaki
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anıl Demiröz
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Övgü Aydın
- Pathology Department, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Mazini L, Rochette L, Amine M, Malka G. Regenerative Capacity of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs), Comparison with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102523. [PMID: 31121953 PMCID: PMC6566837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now on the top one of stem cell sources regarding its accessibility, abundance, and less painful collection procedure when compared to other sources. The adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) that it contains can be maintained and expanded in culture for long periods of time without losing their differentiation capacity, leading to large cell quantities being increasingly used in cell therapy purposes. Many reports showed that ADSCs-based cell therapy products demonstrated optimal efficacy and efficiency in some clinical indications for both autologous and allogeneic purposes, hence becoming considered as potential tools for replacing, repairing, and regenerating dead or damaged cells. In this review, we analyzed the therapeutic advancement of ADSCs in comparison to bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC)-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and designed the specific requirements to their best clinical practices and safety. Our analysis was focused on the ADSCs, rather than the whole stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell populations, to facilitate characterization that is related to their source of origins. Clinical outcomes improvement suggested that these cells hold great promise in stem cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and auto-immunes diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Ingénierie Tissulaire, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Mohamed Amine
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Biostatique, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
- Département de Santé Publique et de Médecine Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Ingénierie Tissulaire, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Biostatique, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
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25
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Mazini L, Rochette L, Amine M, Malka G. Regenerative Capacity of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs), Comparison with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 31121953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102523.pmid:31121953;pmcid:pmc6566837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now on the top one of stem cell sources regarding its accessibility, abundance, and less painful collection procedure when compared to other sources. The adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) that it contains can be maintained and expanded in culture for long periods of time without losing their differentiation capacity, leading to large cell quantities being increasingly used in cell therapy purposes. Many reports showed that ADSCs-based cell therapy products demonstrated optimal efficacy and efficiency in some clinical indications for both autologous and allogeneic purposes, hence becoming considered as potential tools for replacing, repairing, and regenerating dead or damaged cells. In this review, we analyzed the therapeutic advancement of ADSCs in comparison to bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC)-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and designed the specific requirements to their best clinical practices and safety. Our analysis was focused on the ADSCs, rather than the whole stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell populations, to facilitate characterization that is related to their source of origins. Clinical outcomes improvement suggested that these cells hold great promise in stem cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and auto-immunes diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Ingénierie Tissulaire, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Mohamed Amine
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Biostatique, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
- Département de Santé Publique et de Médecine Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Ingénierie Tissulaire, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Biostatique, Centre Interface Applications Médicales CIAM, Université Mohammed VI polytechnique, Ben Guérir 43150, Morocco.
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26
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Inhibitory effect of celastrol on adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process whereby the multipotent adipose-derived stem cell is converted to a preadipocyte before terminal differentiation into the mature adipocyte. Preadipocytes are present throughout adult life, exhibit adipose fat depot specificity, and differentiate and proliferate from distinct progenitor cells. The mechanisms that promote preadipocyte commitment and maturation involve numerous protein factor regulators, epigenetic factors, and miRNAs. Detailed characterization of this process is currently an area of intense research and understanding the roles of preadipocytes in tissue plasticity may provide insight into novel approaches for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and treating a host of obesity-related conditions. In the current study, we analyzed the current literature and present a review of the characteristics of transitioning adipocytes and detail how local microenvironments influence their progression towards terminal differentiation and maturation. Specifically, we detail the characterization of preadipocyte via surface markers, examine the signaling cascades and regulation behind adipogenesis and cell maturation, and survey their role in tissue plasticity and health and disease.
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28
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Cytometric analysis of adipose tissue reveals increments of adipocyte progenitor cells after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15203. [PMID: 30315279 PMCID: PMC6185966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related comorbidities are, in large part, originated from the dysfunction of adipose tissue. Most of them revert after the normalization of body mass. Adipose tissue is essentially occupied by adipocytes. However, different populations of immunological cells and adipocyte precursor cells (AdPCs) are the main cellular components of tissue. During obesity, body fat depots acquire a low-level chronic inflammation and adipocytes increase in number and volume. Conversely, weight loss improves the inflammatory phenotype of adipose tissue immune cells and reduces the volume of adipocytes. Nevertheless, very little is known about the evolution of the human AdPCs reservoir. We have developed a flow cytometry-based methodology to simultaneously quantify the main cell populations of adipose tissue. Starting from this technical approach, we have studied human adipose tissue samples (visceral and subcutaneous) obtained at two different physiological situations: at morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. We report a considerable increase of the AdPCs reservoir after losing weight and several changes in the immune cells populations of adipose tissue (mast cells increase, neutrophils decrease and macrophages switch phenotype). No changes were observed for T-lymphocytes, which are discussed in the context of recent findings.
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29
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Adipocyte biology: It is time to upgrade to a new model. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2399-2425. [PMID: 30192004 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the obesity pandemic is profoundly affecting quality of life and economic productivity, but efforts to address this, especially on a pharmacological level, have generally proven unsuccessful to date, serving as a stark demonstration that our understanding of adipocyte biology and pathophysiology is incomplete. To deliver better insight into adipocyte function and obesity, we need improved adipocyte models with a high degree of fidelity in representing the in vivo state and with a diverse range of experimental applications. Adipocyte cell lines, especially 3T3-L1 cells, have been used extensively over many years, but these are limited in terms of relevance and versatility. In this review, I propose that primary adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) present a superior model with which to study adipocyte biology ex vivo. In particular, ASCs afford us the opportunity to study adipocytes from different, functionally distinct, adipose depots and to investigate, by means of in vivo/ex vivo studies, the effects of many different physiological and pathophysiological factors, such as age, body weight, hormonal status, diet and nutraceuticals, as well as disease and pharmacological treatments, on the biology of adipocytes and their precursors. This study will give an overview of the characteristics of ASCs and published studies utilizing ASCs, to highlight the areas where our knowledge is lacking. More comprehensive studies in primary ASCs will contribute to an improved understanding of adipose tissue, in healthy and dysfunctional states, which will enhance our efforts to more successfully manage and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
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30
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Haynes BA, Huyck RW, James AJ, Carter ME, Gaafar OU, Day M, Pinto A, Dobrian AD. Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30080200 DOI: 10.3791/57804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by an extensive remodeling of adipose tissue primarily via adipocyte hypertrophy. Extreme adipocyte growth results in a poor response to insulin, local hypoxia, and inflammation. By stimulating the differentiation of functional white adipocytes from progenitors, radical hypertrophy of the adipocyte population can be prevented and, consequently, the metabolic health of adipose tissue can be improved along with a reduction of inflammation. Also, by stimulating a differentiation of beige/brown adipocytes, the total body energy expenditure can be increased, resulting in weight loss. This approach could prevent the development of obesity co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This paper describes the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of white and beige adipocytes from a subset of human adipose tissue endothelial cells that co-express the CD31 and CD34 markers. The method is relatively cheap and is not labor-intensive. It requires access to human adipose tissue and the subcutaneous depot is suitable for sampling. For this protocol, fresh adipose tissue samples from morbidly obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) >35] are collected during bariatric surgery procedures. Using a sequential immunoseparation from the stromal vascular fraction, enough cells are produced from as little as 2-3 g of fat. These cells can be expanded in culture over 10-14 days, can be cryopreserved, and retain their adipogenic properties with passaging up to passage 5-6. The cells are treated for 14 days with an adipogenic cocktail using a combination of human insulin and the PPARγ agonist-rosiglitazone. This methodology can be used for obtaining proof of concept experiments on molecular mechanisms that drive adipogenic responses in adipose endothelial cells, or for screening new drugs that can enhance the adipogenic response directed either towards white or beige/brown adipocyte differentiation. Using small subcutaneous biopsies, this methodology can be used to screen out non-responder subjects for clinical trials aimed to stimulate beige/brown and white adipocytes for the treatment of obesity and co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson A Haynes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Ryan W Huyck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Ashley J James
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Meghan E Carter
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Omnia U Gaafar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Marjorie Day
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Avennette Pinto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Anca D Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
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31
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Schoettl T, Fischer IP, Ussar S. Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514879 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schoettl
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid P Fischer
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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32
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Moreno-Viedma V, Tardelli M, Zeyda M, Sibilia M, Burks JD, Stulnig TM. Osteopontin-deficient progenitor cells display enhanced differentiation to adipocytes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29519755 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN, Spp1) is a protein upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese subjects. Deletion of OPN protects mice from high-fat diet-induced WAT inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the alterations mediated by loss of OPN in WAT before the obesogenic challenge have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we hypothesised that the lack of OPN might enhance the pro-adipogenic micro environment before obesity driven inflammation. METHODS OPN deficiency was tested in visceral (V) and subcutaneous (SC) WAT from WT and Spp1-/- female mice. Gene expression for hypoxia, inflammation and adipogenesis was checked in WT vs. Spp1-/- mice (n=15). Adipocytes progenitor cells (APC) were isolated by fluorescence cell sorting and role of OPN deficiency in adipogenesis was investigated by cell images and RT-PCR. RESULTS We show that Spp1-/- maintained normal body and fat-pad weights, although hypoxia and inflammation markers were significantly reduced. In contrast, expression of genes involved in adipogenesis was increased in WAT from Spp1-/- mice. Strikingly, APC from Spp1-/- were diminished but differentiated more efficiently to adipocytes than those from control mice. CONCLUSIONS APC from SC-WAT of lean OPN-deficient mice display an enhanced capacity for differentiating to adipocytes. These alterations may explain the healthy expansion of WAT in the OPN-deficient model which is associated with reduced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Moreno-Viedma
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Deborah Burks
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Acosta JR, Joost S, Karlsson K, Ehrlund A, Li X, Aouadi M, Kasper M, Arner P, Rydén M, Laurencikiene J. Single cell transcriptomics suggest that human adipocyte progenitor cells constitute a homogeneous cell population. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:250. [PMID: 29116032 PMCID: PMC5678572 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs) and adipogenesis impact the development of excess body fat-related metabolic complications. Animal studies have suggested the presence of distinct subtypes of ASCs with different differentiation properties. In addition, ASCs are becoming the biggest source of mesenchymal stem cells used in therapies, which requires deep characterization. Using unbiased single cell transcriptomics we aimed to characterize ASC populations in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). The transcriptomes of 574 single cells from the WAT total stroma vascular fraction (SVF) of four healthy women were analyzed by clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visualization. The identified cell populations were then mapped to cell types present in WAT using data from gene expression microarray profiling of flow cytometry-sorted SVF. Cells clustered into four distinct populations: three adipose tissue-resident macrophage subtypes and one large, homogeneous population of ASCs. While pseudotemporal ordering analysis indicated that the ASCs were in slightly different differentiation stages, the differences in gene expression were small and could not distinguish distinct ASC subtypes. Altogether, in healthy individuals, ASCs seem to constitute a single homogeneous cell population that cannot be subdivided by single cell transcriptomics, suggesting a common origin for human adipocytes in scWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Acosta
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Joost
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheelelaberatoriet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Karolinska Institutet, ICMC, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet, ICMC, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Adipose Tissue Function and Expandability as Determinants of Lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:161-196. [PMID: 28585199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue organ is organised as distinct anatomical depots located all along the body axis and it is constituted of three different types of adipocytes : white, beige and brown which are integrated with vascular, immune, neural and extracellular stroma cells. These distinct adipocytes serve different specialised functions. The main function of white adipocytes is to ensure healthy storage of excess nutrients/energy and its rapid mobilisation to supply the demand of energy imposed by physiological cues in other organs, whereas brown and beige adipocytes are designed for heat production through uncoupling lipid oxidation from energy production. The concert action of the three type of adipocytes/tissues has been reported to ensure an optimal metabolic status in rodents. However, when one or multiple of these adipose depots become dysfunctional as a consequence of sustained lipid/nutrient overload, then insulin resistance and associated metabolic complications ensue. These metabolic alterations negatively affects the adipose tissue functionality and compromises global metabolic homeostasis. Optimising white adipose tissue expandability and its functional metabolic flexibility and/or promoting brown/beige mediated thermogenic activity counteracts obesity and its associated lipotoxic metabolic effects. The development of these therapeutic approaches requires a deep understanding of adipose tissue in all broad aspects. In this chapter we will discuss the characteristics of the different adipose tissue depots with respect to origins and precursors recruitment, plasticity, cellular composition and expandability capacity as well as molecular and metabolic signatures in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Gaborit B, Sengenes C, Ancel P, Jacquier A, Dutour A. Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease: A Matter of Fat? Compr Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28640452 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a small but very biologically active ectopic fat depot that surrounds the heart. Given its rapid metabolism, thermogenic capacity, unique transcriptome, secretory profile, and simply measurability, epicardial fat has drawn increasing attention among researchers attempting to elucidate its putative role in health and cardiovascular diseases. The cellular crosstalk between epicardial adipocytes and cells of the vascular wall or myocytes is high and suggests a local role for this tissue. The balance between protective and proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines released by EAT seem to be a key element in atherogenesis and could represent a future therapeutic target. EAT amount has been found to predict clinical coronary outcomes. EAT can also modulate cardiac structure and function. Its amount has been associated with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and sleep apnea syndrome. Conversely, a beiging fat profile of EAT has been identified. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiological role of EAT, and the factors more globally leading to ectopic fat development. We will also highlight the most recent findings on the origin of this ectopic tissue, and its association with cardiac diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1051-1082, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Gaborit
- NORT, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France.,Endocrinology Metabolic Diseases, and Nutrition Department, Pole ENDO, APHM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Sengenes
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1031, ERL CNRS 5311, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- NORT, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- CNRS UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Marseille, France.,Radiology department, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- NORT, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France.,Endocrinology Metabolic Diseases, and Nutrition Department, Pole ENDO, APHM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Hörl S, Ejaz A, Ernst S, Mattesich M, Kaiser A, Jenewein B, Zwierzina ME, Hammerle S, Miggitsch C, Mitterberger-Vogt MC, Krautgasser C, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. CD146 (MCAM) in human cs-DLK1 -/cs-CD34 + adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 22:1-12. [PMID: 28549249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To precisely characterize CD146 in adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) we sorted the stromal vascular faction (SVF) of human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) according to cell surface (cs) expression of CD146, DLK1 and CD34. This test identified three main SVF cell populations: ~50% cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+/cs-CD146- ASCs, ~7.5% cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34dim/+/cs-CD146+ and ~7.5% cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34dim/+/cs-CD146- cells. All cells contained intracellular CD146. Whole mount fluorescent IHC staining of small vessels detected CD146+ endothelial cells (CD31+/CD34+/CD146+) and pericytes (CD31-/CD34-/CD146+ ASCs). The cells in the outer adventitial layer showed the typical ASC morphology, were strongly CD34+ and contained low amounts of intracellular CD146 protein (CD31-/CD34+/CD146+). Additionally, we detected wavy CD34-/CD146+ and CD34dim/CD146+ cells. CD34dim/CD146+ cells were slightly more bulky than CD34-/CD146+ cells. Both CD34-/CD146+ and CD34dim/CD146+ cells were detached from the inner pericyte layer and protruded into the outer adventitial layer. Cultured early passage ASCs contained low levels of CD146 mRNA, which was expressed in two different splicing variants, at a relatively high amount of the CD146-long form and at a relatively low amount of the CD146-short form. ASCs contained low levels of CD146 protein, which consisted predominantly long form and a small amount of short form. The CD146 protein was highly stable, and the majority of the protein was localized in the Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the spatial localization of CD34+/CD146+ and CD34-/CD146+ cells in the adipose niche of sWAT and identifies CD146 as intracellular protein in cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+/cs-CD146- ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hörl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Ernst
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit E Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Hammerle
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Miggitsch
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria C Mitterberger-Vogt
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Krautgasser
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Charó NL, Rodríguez Ceschan MI, Galigniana NM, Toneatto J, Piwien-Pilipuk G. Organization of nuclear architecture during adipocyte differentiation. Nucleus 2017; 7:249-69. [PMID: 27416359 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1197442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide since it is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type II diabetes. Obesity is the result of hyperplasia (associated with increased adipogenesis) and hypertrophy (associated with decreased adipogenesis) of the adipose tissue. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of adipocyte differentiation is relevant to delineate new therapeutic strategies for treatment of obesity. As in all differentiation processes, temporal patterns of transcription are exquisitely controlled, allowing the acquisition and maintenance of the adipocyte phenotype. The genome is spatially organized; therefore decoding local features of the chromatin language alone does not suffice to understand how cell type-specific gene expression patterns are generated. Elucidating how nuclear architecture is built during the process of adipogenesis is thus an indispensable step to gain insight in how gene expression is regulated to achieve the adipocyte phenotype. Here we will summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the organization of nuclear architecture as progenitor cells differentiate in adipocytes, and the questions that still remained to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Charó
- a Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María I Rodríguez Ceschan
- a Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Natalia M Galigniana
- a Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Judith Toneatto
- a Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Graciela Piwien-Pilipuk
- a Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Hoseini SJ, Ghazavi H, Forouzanfar F, Mashkani B, Ghorbani A, Mahdipour E, Ghasemi F, Sadeghnia HR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Fibroblast Growth Factor 1-Transfected Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Angiogenic Proliferation. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:401-412. [PMID: 28281780 PMCID: PMC5421621 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) transfected with an episomal plasmid encoding fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) (AD-MSCsFGF1), in providing the microenvironment required for angiogenic proliferation. The isolated rat AD-MSCs were positive for mesenchymal (CD29 and CD90) and negative for hematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) surface markers. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of the AD-MSCs also occurred in the proper culture media. The presence of FGF1 in the conditioned medium from the AD-MSCsFGF1 was confirmed by Western blotting. G418 and PCR were used for selection of transfected cells and confirmation of the presence of FGF1 mRNA, respectively. Treatment with the AD-MSCFGF1-conditioned medium significantly increased the NIH-3T3 cell proliferation and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation compared to conditioned medium from nontransfected AD-MSCs (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the AD-MSCsFGF1 efficiently secreted functional FGF1, which promoted angiogenic proliferation. Using AD-MSCsFGF1 may provide a useful strategy in cell therapy, which can merge the beneficial effects of stem cells with the positive biological effects of FGF1 in various disorders, especially tissue defects, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and diabetes endocrine pathologies, which remain to be tested in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Hoseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Mahdipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Skin Tissue Engineering: Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9747010. [PMID: 28337463 PMCID: PMC5350314 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perception of the adipose tissue has changed dramatically over the last few decades. Identification of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) ultimately transformed paradigm of this tissue from a passive energy depot into a promising stem cell source with properties of self-renewal and multipotential differentiation. As compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), ASCs are more easily accessible and their isolation yields higher amount of stem cells. Therefore, the ASCs are of high interest for stem cell-based therapies and skin tissue engineering. Currently, freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which may be used directly without any expansion, was also assessed to be highly effective in treating skin radiation injuries, burns, or nonhealing wounds such as diabetic ulcers. In this paper, we review the characteristics of SVF and ASCs and the efficacy of their treatment for skin injuries and disorders.
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Bajek A, Gurtowska N, Olkowska J, Maj M, Kaźmierski Ł, Bodnar M, Marszałek A, Dębski R, Drewa T. Does the Harvesting Technique Affect the Properties of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells?-The Comparative Biological Characterization. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1097-1107. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Natalia Gurtowska
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Joanna Olkowska
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maj
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaźmierski
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Robert Dębski
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Urology; Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital; Batorego Str 17-19 87-100 Toruń Poland
- Department of Urology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Sklodowskiej Str 9 85-090 Bydgoszcz Poland
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Baker NA, Muir LA, Lumeng CN, O'Rourke RW. Differentiation and Metabolic Interrogation of Human Adipocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1566:61-76. [PMID: 28244041 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes provide a valuable model for the study of human adipocyte metabolism. We describe methods for isolation of human stromal vascular cells, expansion of preadipocytes, differentiation into mature adipocytes, and in vitro metabolic interrogation of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki A Baker
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey A Muir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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42
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Adipose tissue development and the molecular regulation of lipid metabolism. Essays Biochem 2016; 60:437-450. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The production of new adipocytes is required to maintain adipose tissue mass and involves the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs). In this review, we outline new developments in understanding the phenotype of APCs and provide evidence suggesting that APCs differ between distinct adipose tissue depots and are affected by obesity. Post-mitotic mature adipocytes regulate systemic lipid homeostasis by storing and releasing free fatty acids, and also modulate energy balance via the secretion of adipokines. The review highlights recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating adipocyte metabolism, with a particular focus on lipolysis regulation and the involvement of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs).
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Zubiría MG, Alzamendi A, Moreno G, Portales A, Castrogiovanni D, Spinedi E, Giovambattista A. Relationship between the Balance of Hypertrophic/Hyperplastic Adipose Tissue Expansion and the Metabolic Profile in a High Glucocorticoids Model. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070410. [PMID: 27384583 PMCID: PMC4963886 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion is the result of two processes: hyperplasia and hypertrophy; and both, directly or indirectly, depend on the adipogenic potential of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs). Glucocorticoids (GCs) have a potent stimulatory effect on terminal adipogenesis; while their effects on early stages of adipogenesis are largely unknown. In the present work, we study, in a model of high GC levels, the adipogenic potential of APCs from retroperitoneal AT (RPAT) and its relationship with RPAT mass expansion. We employed a model of hyper-adiposity (30- and 60-day-old rats) due to high endogenous GC levels induced by neonatal treatment with l-monosodium glutamate (MSG). We found that the RPAT APCs from 30-day-old MSG rats showed an increased adipogenic capacity, depending on the APCs’ competency, but not in their number. Analyses of RPAT adipocyte diameter revealed an increase in cell size, regardless of the rat age, indicating the prevalence of a hypertrophic process. Moreover, functional RPAT alterations worsened in 60-day-old rats, suggesting that the hyperplastic AT expansion found in 30-day-old animals might have a protective role. We conclude that GCs chronic excess affects APCs’ adipogenic capacity, modifying their competency. This change would modulate the hyperplastic/hypertrophic balance determining healthy or unhealthy RPAT expansion and, therefore, its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guillermina Zubiría
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calles 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Ana Alzamendi
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calles 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Griselda Moreno
- Institute of Immunological and Physiopathological Research (IIFP, CONICET-UNLP), School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Portales
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calles 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calles 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Spinedi
- Center of Experimental and Applied Endocrinology (CENEXA, UNLP-CONICET, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for Diabetes), La Plata Medical School, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Giovambattista
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calles 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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Pellegrinelli V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. Adipose tissue plasticity: how fat depots respond differently to pathophysiological cues. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1075-88. [PMID: 27039901 PMCID: PMC4861754 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. However, in the context of sustained obesity, WAT undergoes fibro-inflammation, which compromises its functionality, contributing to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pellegrinelli
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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45
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Long-Term Fructose Intake Increases Adipogenic Potential: Evidence of Direct Effects of Fructose on Adipocyte Precursor Cells. Nutrients 2016; 8:198. [PMID: 27049396 PMCID: PMC4848667 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously addressed that fructose rich diet (FRD) intake for three weeks increases the adipogenic potential of stromal vascular fraction cells from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). We have now evaluated the effect of prolonged FRD intake (eight weeks) on metabolic parameters, number of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and in vitro adipogenic potential from control (CTR) and FRD adult male rats. Additionally, we have examined the direct fructose effects on the adipogenic capacity of normal APCs. FRD fed rats had increased plasma levels of insulin, triglyceride and leptin, and RPAT mass and adipocyte size. FACS studies showed higher APCs number and adipogenic potential in FRD RPAT pads; data is supported by high mRNA levels of competency markers: PPARγ2 and Zfp423. Complementary in vitro experiments indicate that fructose-exposed normal APCs displayed an overall increased adipogenic capacity. We conclude that the RPAT mass expansion observed in eight week-FRD fed rats depends on combined accelerated adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, partially due to a direct effect of fructose on APCs.
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Muir LA, Neeley CK, Meyer KA, Baker NA, Brosius AM, Washabaugh AR, Varban OA, Finks JF, Zamarron BF, Flesher CG, Chang JS, DelProposto JB, Geletka L, Martinez-Santibanez G, Kaciroti N, Lumeng CN, O'Rourke RW. Adipose tissue fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia: Correlations with diabetes in human obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:597-605. [PMID: 26916240 PMCID: PMC4920141 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between adipose tissue fibrosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and preadipocyte hyperplasia in the context of obesity and the correlation of these tissue-based phenomena with systemic metabolic disease are poorly defined. The goal of this study was to clarify the relationship between adipose tissue fibrosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and preadipocyte hyperplasia in human obesity and determine the correlation of these adipose-tissue based phenomena with diabetes. METHODS Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from humans with obesity collected during bariatric surgery were studied with QRTPCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry for expression of collagens and fibrosis-related proteins, adipocyte size, and preadipocyte frequency. Results were correlated with clinical characteristics including diabetes status. RESULTS Fibrosis was decreased, hypertrophy was increased, and preadipocyte frequency and fibrotic gene expression were decreased in adipose tissues from diabetic subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects. These differences were greater in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue fibrosis in the context of human obesity limits adipocyte hypertrophy and is associated with a reciprocal increase in adipocyte hyperplasia, with beneficial effects on systemic metabolism. These findings suggest adipose tissue fibrosis as a potential target for manipulation of adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Muir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Meyer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicki A. Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alice M. Brosius
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Oliver A. Varban
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Finks
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian F. Zamarron
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carmen G. Flesher
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua S. Chang
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer B. DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lynn Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Martinez-Santibanez
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W. O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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47
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Development of Synthetic and Natural Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications Using Adipose Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5786257. [PMID: 26977158 PMCID: PMC4764745 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5786257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells have prominent implications in tissue regeneration due to their abundance and relative ease of harvest from adipose tissue and their abilities to differentiate into mature cells of various tissue lineages and secrete various growth cytokines. Development of tissue engineering techniques in combination with various carrier scaffolds and adipose stem cells offers great potential in overcoming the existing limitations constraining classical approaches used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, as most tissue engineering techniques are new and highly experimental, there are still many practical challenges that must be overcome before laboratory research can lead to large-scale clinical applications. Tissue engineering is currently a growing field of medical research; in this review, we will discuss the progress in research on biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering applications using adipose stem cells.
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48
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Behaviour of telocytes during physiopathological activation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:50-61. [PMID: 26826526 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We consider CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+ SC/TCs) in normal and pathological conditions. These cells are involved in organisation and control of the extracellular matrix, structural support, creation of microenvironments, intercellular communication, neurotransmission, immunomodulation and immunosurveillance, inhibition of apoptosis, and control, regulation and source of other cell types. CD34+ SC/TCs are widely reported in the origin of interstitial cells of Cajal and in regeneration in the heart, skeletal muscle, skin, respiratory tree, liver, urinary system and the eye. In addition, we contribute CD34+ SC/TC hyperplasia associated with several processes, including neurogenous hyperplasia (neuroma of the appendix), hyperplasia of Leydig cells in undescended testes (Cryptorchidism), peripheral areas of inflammatory/repair processes (pericicatricial tissue and transitional zones between diseased segments in Crohn's disease and normal bowel), benign tumours (neurofibromas, Antoni-B zones of neurilemmomas, granular cell tumours, and melanocytic nevi) and in some lesions with myxoid, oedematous and degenerative changes (Reinke's oedema, myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and basophilic degenerative changes of the collagen in the dermis). We pay particular attention to the role of CD34+ SC/TCs during repair through granulation tissue, including morphologic changes, loss of CD34 expression and gain of αSMA expression with myofibroblast transformation, and interactions with pericytes, endothelial and inflammatory cells. Finally, we consider CD34 or αSMA expression in stromal cells of malignant epithelial tumours, and the role of CD34+ SC/TCs in the origin of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and myofibroblasts. In conclusion, CD34+ SC/TCs play an important role in the maintenance and modulation of tissue homeostasis and in morphogenesis/renewal/repair.
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49
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Estève D, Boulet N, Volat F, Zakaroff-Girard A, Ledoux S, Coupaye M, Decaunes P, Belles C, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Iacovoni JS, Rémaury A, Castel B, Ferrara P, Heymes C, Lafontan M, Bouloumié A, Galitzky J. Human white and brite adipogenesis is supported by MSCA1 and is impaired by immune cells. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1277-91. [PMID: 25523907 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. Although brite adipocytes have been shown to ameliorate metabolic parameters in rodents, their origin and differentiation remain to be characterized in humans. Native CD45-/CD34+/CD31- cells have been previously described as human adipocyte progenitors. Using two additional cell surface markers, MSCA1 (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) and CD271 (nerve growth factor receptor), we are able to partition the CD45-/CD34+/CD31- cell population into three subsets. We establish serum-free culture conditions without cell expansion to promote either white/brite adipogenesis using rosiglitazone, or bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), or specifically brite adipogenesis using 3-isobuthyl-1-methylxanthine. We demonstrate that adipogenesis leads to an increase of MSCA1 activity, expression of white/brite adipocyte-related genes, and mitochondriogenesis. Using pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing approaches, we show that MSCA1 activity is required for triglyceride accumulation and for the expression of white/brite-related genes in human cells. Moreover, native immunoselected MSCA1+ cells exhibit brite precursor characteristics and the highest adipogenic potential of the three progenitor subsets. Finally, we provided evidence that MSCA1+ white/brite precursors accumulate with obesity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT), and that local BMP7 and inflammation regulate brite adipogenesis by modulating MSCA1 in human sAT. The accumulation of MSCA1+ white/brite precursors in sAT with obesity may reveal a blockade of their differentiation by immune cells, suggesting that local inflammation contributes to metabolic disorders through impairment of white/brite adipogenesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:1277-1291.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Estève
- Inserm, UMR1048, Team 1, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, BP84225, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Paul Sabatier University, 118, Route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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50
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Valladares F, Rancel N, Sáez FJ, Madrid JF. Telocyte Behaviour During Inflammation, Repair and Tumour Stroma Formation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:177-191. [PMID: 27796888 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we outline the role of human CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+ SC/TCs) as progenitor cells during repair. The in vivo activation phenomena of CD34+ SC/TCs in this process include increased size; separation from the neighbouring structures (mainly of the vascular walls); association with inflammatory cells, predominantly macrophages; development of the organelles of synthesis (rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus); cell proliferation with presence of mitosis and high proliferative index (transit-amplifying cells); and fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation. A procedure to study these tissue-resident cells, comparison of their behaviour in vivo and in vitro and different behaviour depending on location, time, type of injury (including tumour stroma) and greater or lesser proximity to the injury are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M González-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - F Valladares
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Rancel
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - F J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - J F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence, "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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