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Li C, Si XY, Wang XG, Yan ZW, Hou HY, You LQ, Chen YL, Zhang AK, Wang N, Sun AJ, Du YK, Zhang GP. Preparation and epitope analysis of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus DP96R protein. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:191. [PMID: 38734611 PMCID: PMC11088100 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many proteins of African swine fever virus (ASFV, such as p72, p54, p30, CD2v, K205R) have been successfully expressed and characterized. However, there are few reports on the DP96R protein of ASFV, which is the virulence protein of ASFV and plays an important role in the process of host infection and invasion of ASFV. RESULTS Firstly, the prokaryotic expression vector of DP96R gene was constructed, the prokaryotic system was used to induce the expression of DP96R protein, and monoclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing mice. Four monoclonal cells of DP96R protein were obtained by three ELISA screening and two sub-cloning; the titer of ascites antibody was up to 1:500,000, and the monoclonal antibody could specifically recognize DP96R protein. Finally, the subtypes of the four strains of monoclonal antibodies were identified and the minimum epitopes recognized by them were determined. CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibody against ASFV DP96R protein was successfully prepared and identified, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the structure and function of DP96R protein and ASFV diagnostic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuan-Ying Si
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yan
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hao-Yu Hou
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Long-Qi You
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yin-Long Chen
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ang-Ke Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yong-Kun Du
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Noll JCG, Rani R, Butt SL, Fernandes MHV, do Nascimento GM, Martins M, Caserta LC, Covaleda L, Diel DG. Identification of an Immunodominant B-Cell Epitope in African Swine Fever Virus p30 Protein and Evidence of p30 Antibody-Mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Viruses 2024; 16:758. [PMID: 38793639 PMCID: PMC11125664 DOI: 10.3390/v16050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a large dsDNA virus that encodes at least 150 proteins. The complexity of ASFV and lack of knowledge of effector immune functions and protective antigens have hindered the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines. In this study, we constructed four Orf virus recombinant vectors expressing individual ASFV genes B602L, -CP204L, E184L, and -I73R (ORFVΔ121-ASFV-B602L, -CP204L, -E184L, and -I73R). All recombinant viruses expressed the heterologous ASFV proteins in vitro. We then evaluated the immunogenicity of the recombinants by immunizing four-week-old piglets. In two independent animal studies, we observed high antibody titers against ASFV p30, encoded by CP204L gene. Using Pepscan ELISA, we identified a linear B-cell epitope of 12 amino acids in length (Peptide 15) located in an exposed loop region of p30 as an immunodominant ASFV epitope. Additionally, antibodies elicited against ASFV p30 presented antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. These results underscore the role of p30 on antibody responses elicited against ASFV and highlight an important functional epitope that contributes to p30-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA (S.L.B.); (M.H.V.F.); (M.M.); (L.C.C.); (L.C.)
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Huang Y, Zhai W, Wang Z, He Y, Tao C, Chu Y, Pang Z, Zhu H, Jia H. Analysis of the Immunogenicity of African Swine Fever F317L Protein and Screening of T Cell Epitopes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1331. [PMID: 38731330 PMCID: PMC11083013 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes numerous proteins characterized by complex immune escape mechanisms. At present, the structure and function of these proteins, including the F317L protein, have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of the F317L protein. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with the F317L protein using initial and subsequent booster doses, and, at the 28th day post-treatment, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses of mice. The F317L protein stimulated production of specific antibodies and activated humoral immune responses. In addition, F317L stimulated the production of large amounts of IFN-γ by splenic lymphocytes, thereby activating cellular immune responses. Using informatics technology, we predicted and synthesized 29 F317L protein T cell epitopes, which were screened using IFN-γ ELISpot. Among these, the F25 (246SRRSLVNPWT255) peptide was identified as having a stronger stimulatory effect than the full-length protein. Collectively, our findings revealed that the ASFV F317L protein can stimulate both strong humoral and cellular immunity in mice, and that the F25 (246SRRSLVNPWT255) peptide may be a potential active T cell epitope. These findings will provide a reference for further in-depth studies of the F317L protein and screening of antigenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenzhu Zhai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuheng He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhao Tao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Chu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongbao Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
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Sun L, Zhang J, Shi L, Peng Y, Feng X, Huang F, Yang F, Li J, Wang S, Niu J, Liu J, Li Y, Li S, Chen Z. Development and Immunological Evaluation of a Multiantigen Thermostable Nanovaccine Adjuvanted with T-Cell-Activating Scaffold for African Swine Fever. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1547-1557. [PMID: 38346262 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease with a mortality rate of up to 100%. The lack of commercial vaccines and drugs is a serious economic threat to the global pig industry. Cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role in protection against viral infection. We previously reported the rational design of a T-cell-activating thermostable scaffold (RPT) for antigen delivery and improved cellular immunity. We conjugated antigens P30, P54, P72, CD2 V, and CP312R to RPT, using a SpyCatcher/SpyTag covalent attachment strategy to construct nanovaccines (multiantigens-RPT). Multiantigens-RPT exhibited significantly higher thermal, storage, and freeze-thaw stability. The specific antibodies IgG and IgG2a of the multiantigen-RPT-immunized were higher than the antigens cocktail-immunized by approximately 10-100 times. ELISpot demonstrated that more IFN-γ-secreting cells were produced by the multiantigen-RPT-immunized than by the antigens cocktail-immunized. Delivery of the multiantigen nanovaccine by a T-cell-activating scaffold induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and pigs and is a potentially useful candidate vaccine for the African swine fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanli Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangning Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feixia Yang
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jingqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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5
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Nandy S, Bora NR, Gaurav S, Kumar S. The p30 protein of the African swine fever virus behaves as an RNase. Virology 2024; 590:109967. [PMID: 38086285 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is responsible for causing African Swine Fever (ASF), a severe contagious disease characterized by hemorrhagic symptoms. The p30 protein of ASFV is the most abundantly expressed viral protein. It is reported to be antigenic and has recognized phosphorylation, glycosylation, and membrane attachment sites, which also shows that the C-terminal region of p30 is more active than the N-terminal region. The present study reports the unique RNase activity of recombinant p30. The RNase activity of p30 was stable at an optimum temperature of 37 °C, and the maximum activity was recorded at pH 7-9 in the presence of monovalent salts. The mutant of p30 (p30m), where cysteine was mutated to alanine at position 109, showed a loss of RNase activity. Our understanding of ASFV biology is significantly less; until now, we have little knowledge about the functions of its proteins. The results of the present study will assist in exploring the biology of ASFV and the role of its protein in counteracting the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendu Nandy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Nilave Ranjan Bora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Shubham Gaurav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Simbulan AM, Banico EC, Sira EMJS, Odchimar NMO, Orosco FL. Immunoinformatics-guided approach for designing a pan-proteome multi-epitope subunit vaccine against African swine fever virus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1354. [PMID: 38228670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being identified over a hundred years ago, there is still no commercially available vaccine for the highly contagious and deadly African swine fever virus (ASFV). This study used immunoinformatics for the rapid and inexpensive designing of a safe and effective multi-epitope subunit vaccine for ASFV. A total of 18,858 proteins from 100 well-annotated ASFV proteomes were screened using various computational tools to identify potential epitopes, or peptides capable of triggering an immune response in swine. Proteins from genotypes I and II were prioritized for their involvement in the recent global ASFV outbreaks. The screened epitopes exhibited promising qualities that positioned them as effective components of the ASFV vaccine. They demonstrated antigenicity, immunogenicity, and cytokine-inducing properties indicating their ability to induce potent immune responses. They have strong binding affinities to multiple swine allele receptors suggesting a high likelihood of yielding more amplified responses. Moreover, they were non-allergenic and non-toxic, a crucial prerequisite for ensuring safety and minimizing any potential adverse effects when the vaccine is processed within the host. Integrated with an immunogenic 50S ribosomal protein adjuvant and linkers, the epitopes formed a 364-amino acid multi-epitope subunit vaccine. The ASFV vaccine construct exhibited notable immunogenicity in immune simulation and molecular docking analyses, and stable profiles in secondary and tertiary structure assessments. Moreover, this study designed an optimized codon for efficient translation of the ASFV vaccine construct into the Escherichia coli K-12 expression system using the pET28a(+) vector. Overall, both sequence and structural evaluations suggested the potential of the ASFV vaccine construct as a candidate for controlling and eradicating outbreaks caused by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea Maurice Simbulan
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Edward C Banico
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ella Mae Joy S Sira
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Fredmoore L Orosco
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Science and Technology, S&T Fellows Program, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Manila, Philippines.
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Ma Y, Shao J, Liu W, Gao S, Peng D, Miao C, Yang S, Hou Z, Zhou G, Qi X, Chang H. A vesicular stomatitis virus-based African swine fever vaccine prototype effectively induced robust immune responses in mice following a single-dose immunization. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1310333. [PMID: 38249478 PMCID: PMC10797088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). It is very difficult to control and prevent ASF outbreaks due to the absence of safe and effective vaccines. Methods In order to develop a safe and effective ASF vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF, two ASFV recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) live vector vaccine prototypes, containing the gene of p72, and a chimera of p30 and p54, were developed based on the replication-competent VSV, and named VSV-p72 and VSV-p35. The immune potency of VSV-p72 or VSV-p35 alone and in combination was evaluated in BALB/c mice via intramuscular and intranasal vaccination. Results The results indicated that whether administered alone or in combination, the two vaccine prototypes showed acceptable safety in mice and, more importantly, induced high-level specific antibodies against p72, p30, and p54 of ASFV and a strong cellular immune response 28 days after vaccination. The sera from mice vaccinated with the vaccine prototypes significantly inhibited ASFV from infecting porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro. Most notably, the immunized sera from a mixture of VSV-p35 and VSV-p72 inhibited ASFV from infecting PAMs, with an inhibition rate of up to 78.58%. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that ASFV recombinant VSV live vector vaccine prototypes may become a promising candidate vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Jin J, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhang S, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhang A, Zhang G, Sun A, Zhuang G. Establishment and characterization of a novel indirect ELISA method based on ASFV antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127311. [PMID: 37865977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute and highly lethal disease in pigs caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). Viral proteins have been commonly used as antigenic targets for the development of ASF diagnostic methods. However, the prokaryotic expression of viral proteins has deficiencies such as instability, insolubility, and high cost in eukaryotic situations. This study screened and verified ASFV-encoded p72, p54, and p30 protein antigenic epitopes. Subsequently, a novel antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein was designed based on an ideal structural protein and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Western blot analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could specifically react with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) of p72 and polyclonal antibodies of p54 and p30, respectively. Next, an ASF indirect ELISA (iELISA) method was established based on the recombinant protein, which has no specific reaction with sera of other important pig viral diseases. Meanwhile, it shows a sensitivity to detecting dilutions of ASF-positive reference serum up to 1:6400. The clinical sample detection results showed a high coincidence rate of 98 % with a commercial competition ELISA kit. In conclusion, we established a novel specific, and sensitive ASF serologic detection method that opens new avenues for ASF serodiagnostic method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wei J, Liu C, He X, Abbas B, Chen Q, Li Z, Feng Z. Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Delivering African Swine Fever Virus CD2v and p54. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:335. [PMID: 38203508 PMCID: PMC10779401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boar, and it is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, no commercially available vaccine exists for its prevention in China. In this study, we engineered a pseudorabies recombinant virus (PRV) expressing ASFV CD2v and p54 proteins (PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54)) using CRISPR/Cas9 and homologous recombination technology. PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) effectively delivers CD2v and p54, and it exhibits reduced virulence. Immunization with PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) neither induces pruritus nor causes systemic infection and inflammation. Furthermore, a double knockout of the TK and gE genes eliminates the depletion of T, B, and monocytes/macrophages in the blood caused by wild-type viral infection, decreases the proliferation of granulocytes to eliminate T-cell immunosuppression from granulocytes, and enhances the ability of the immune system against PRV infection. An overexpression of CD2v and p54 proteins does not alter the characteristics of PRV-∆TK/∆gE. Moreover, PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) successfully induces antibody production via intramuscular (IM) vaccination and confers effective protection for vaccinated mice upon challenge. Thus, PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) demonstrates good immunogenicity and safety, providing highly effective protection against PRV and ASFV. It potentially represents a suitable candidate for the development of a bivalent vaccine against both PRV and ASFV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Chuancheng Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xinyan He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Bilal Abbas
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
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10
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Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Wang X, Li X. Current detection methods of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289676. [PMID: 38144466 PMCID: PMC10739333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and notifiable animal disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, as designated by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The effective diagnosis of ASF holds great importance in promptly controlling its spread due to its increasing prevalence and the continuous emergence of variant strains. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the most common and up-to-date methods established for various genes/proteins associated with ASFV. The discussed methods primarily focus on the detection of viral genomes or particles, as well as the detection of ASFV associated antibodies. It is anticipated that this paper will serve as a reference for choosing appropriate diagnostic methods in diverse application scenarios, while also provide direction for the development of innovative technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Ranran Lai
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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11
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Nguyen TL, Samuel Leon Magdaleno J, Rajjak Shaikh A, Choowongkomon K, Li V, Lee Y, Kim H. Designing a multi-epitope candidate vaccine by employing immunoinformatics approaches to control African swine fever spread. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10214-10229. [PMID: 36510707 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus has been circulating for decades and is highly infectious, often fatal to farmed and wild pigs. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment for the disease, making prevention even more difficult. Therefore, vaccine development is necessary and urgent to limit the consequences of ASF and ensure the food chain and sustainability of the swine industry. This research study was conducted to design a multi-epitope vaccine for controlling veterinary diseases caused by the African swine fever virus. We employed the immunoinformatics approaches to reveal 37 epitopes from different viral proteins of ASFV. These epitopes were linked to adjuvants and linkers to form a full-fledged immunogenic vaccine construct. The tertiary structure of the final vaccine was predicted using a deep-learning approach. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics predicted stable interactions between the vaccine and immune receptor TLR5 of Sus scrofa (Pig). The MD simulation studies reflect that the calculated parameters like RMSD, RMSF, number of hydrogen bonds, and finally, the buried interface surface area for the complex remained stable throughout the simulation time. This analysis suggests the stability of interface interactions between the TLR5 and the multi-epitope vaccine construct. Further, the physiochemical analysis demonstrated that our designed vaccine construct was expected to have high stability and prolonged half-life time in mammalian cells. Traditional vaccine design experiments require significant time and financial input from the development stage to the final product. Studies like this can assist in accelerating vaccine development while minimizing the cost.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Ly Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Samuel Leon Magdaleno
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Rajjak Shaikh
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Vladimir Li
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lim JW, Vu TTH, Le VP, Yeom M, Song D, Jeong DG, Park SK. Advanced Strategies for Developing Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools for African Swine Fever. Viruses 2023; 15:2169. [PMID: 38005846 PMCID: PMC10674204 DOI: 10.3390/v15112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars of all ages. Over a span of 100 years, ASF has continued to spread over continents and adversely affects the global pig industry. To date, no vaccine or treatment has been approved. The complex genome structure and diverse variants facilitate the immune evasion of the ASF virus (ASFV). Recently, advanced technologies have been used to design various potential vaccine candidates and effective diagnostic tools. This review updates vaccine platforms that are currently being used worldwide, with a focus on genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, including an understanding of their potential efficacy and limitations of safety and stability. Furthermore, advanced ASFV detection technologies are presented that discuss and incorporate the challenges that remain to be addressed for conventional detection methods. We also highlight a nano-bio-based system that enhances sensitivity and specificity. A combination of prophylactic vaccines and point-of-care diagnostics can help effectively control the spread of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Thi Thu Hang Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam;
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Daesub Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Tng PYL, Al-Adwani L, Pauletto E, Hui JYK, Netherton CL. Capsid-Specific Antibody Responses of Domestic Pigs Immunized with Low-Virulent African Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1577. [PMID: 37896980 PMCID: PMC10611099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease in pigs that has grave socio-economic implications worldwide. For the development of vaccines against the African swine fever virus (ASFV), immunogenic antigens that generate protective immune responses need to be identified. There are over 150 viral proteins-many of which are uncharacterized-and humoral immunity to ASFV has not been closely examined. To profile antigen-specific antibody responses, we developed luciferase-linked antibody capture assays (LACAs) for a panel of ASFV capsid proteins and screened sera from inbred and outbred animals that were previously immunized with low-virulent ASFV before challenge with virulent ASFV. Antibodies to B646L/p72, D117L/p17, M1249L, and E120R/p14.5 were detected in this study; however, we were unable to detect B438L-specific antibodies. Anti-B646L/p72 and B602L antibodies were associated with recovery from disease after challenges with genotype I OUR T88/1 but not genotype II Georgia 2007/1. Antibody responses against M1249L and E120R/p14.5 were observed in animals with reduced clinical signs and viremia. Here, we present LACAs as a tool for the targeted profiling of antigen-specific antibody responses to inform vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Y. L. Tng
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| | - Laila Al-Adwani
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| | - Egle Pauletto
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Joshua Y. K. Hui
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| | - Christopher L. Netherton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
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14
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Niu S, Guo Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Sun L, Dai H, Peng G. Innate immune escape and adaptive immune evasion of African swine fever virus: A review. Virology 2023; 587:109878. [PMID: 37708611 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes hemorrhagic fever in domestic and wild pigs. The continued spread of the virus in Africa, Europe and Asia threatens the global pig industry. The lack of an effective vaccine limits disease control. ASFV has evolved a variety of encoded immune escape proteins and can evade host adaptive immunity, inducing cellular inflammation, autophagy, or apoptosis in host cells. Frequent persistent infections hinder the development of a viral vaccine and impose technical barriers. Currently, knowledge of the virulence-related genes, main pathogenic genes and immunoregulatory mechanism of ASFV is not comprehensive. We explain that ASFV invades the host to regulate its inflammatory response, interferon production, antigen presentation and cellular immunity. Furthermore, we propose potential ideas for ASFV vaccine target design, such as knocking out high-virulence genes in ASFV and performing data mining to identify the main genes that induce antiviral responses. To support a rational strategy for vaccine development, a better understanding of how ASFV interacts with the host and regulates the host's response to infection is needed. We review the current knowledge about ASFV targeting of host innate and adaptive immunity and the mechanisms by which the affected immune pathways are suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Limeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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15
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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16
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Imdhiyas M, Sen S, Barman N, Buragohain L, Malik Y, Kumar S. Computational analysis of immunogenic epitopes in the p30 and p54 proteins of African swine fever virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7480-7489. [PMID: 36148815 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2123400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious viral disease of pigs, which causes acute fatal haemorrhage and is a severe concern to the global pork industry. The present study followed computational approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for the p30 and p54 proteins of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) by interacting with the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) alleles. The amino acid sequences of p30 and p54 were analysed for variability and relative solvent accessibility, and their three-dimensional structures were predicted and validated. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study the structural and dynamic properties of the protein. Six and five linear B-cell epitopes have been predicted for p30 and p54, respectively. Four and three discontinuous B-cell epitopes have been predicted for p30 and p54, respectively. Further, the top five T-cell epitopes for SLA-1, 2, and 3 have been listed for both proteins. These results can help us to understand the immunodominant regions in the p30 and p54 proteins of ASFV and potentially assist in designing peptide-based diagnostics and vaccines. Also, the identified T-cell epitopes may be considered for peptide-based vaccine design against ASFV.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Imdhiyas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Suvam Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nagendra Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Lukumoni Buragohain
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Yashpal Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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17
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Xu L, Hao F, Jeong DG, Chen R, Gan Y, Zhang L, Yeom M, Lim JW, Yu Y, Bai Y, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Xiong Q, Shao G, Wu Y, Feng Z, Song D, Xie X. Mucosal and cellular immune responses elicited by nasal and intramuscular inoculation with ASFV candidate immunogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200297. [PMID: 37720232 PMCID: PMC10502713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) that is highly contagious and has an extremely high mortality rate (infected by virulent strains) among domestic and wild pigs, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry globally. In this study, SDS-PAGE gel bands hybridized with ASFV whole virus protein combined with ASFV-convalescent and ASFV-positive pig serum were identified by mass spectrometry. Six antigens were detected by positive serum reaction bands, and eight antigens were detected in ASFV-convalescent serum. In combination with previous literature reports and proteins corresponding to MHC-II presenting peptides screened from ASFV-positive pig urine conducted in our lab, seven candidate antigens, including KP177R (p22), K78R (p10), CP204L (p30), E183L (p54), B602L (B602L), EP402R-N (CD2V-N) and F317L (F317L), were selected. Subunit-Group 1 was prepared by mixing above-mentioned seven ASFV recombinant proteins with MONTANIDETM1313 VG N mucosal adjuvant and immunizing pigs intranasally and intramuscularly. Subunit-Group 2 was prepared by mixing four ASFV recombinant proteins (p22, p54, CD2V-N1, B602L) with Montanide ISA 51 VG adjuvant and immunizing pigs by intramuscular injection. Anticoagulated whole blood, serum, and oral fluid were collected during immunization for flow cytometry, serum IgG as well as secretory sIgA antibody secretion, and cytokine expression testing to conduct a comprehensive immunogenicity assessment. Both immunogen groups can effectively stimulate the host to produce ideal humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent functional studies, such as immunogens challenge protection and elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuzi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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18
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Avagyan HR, Hakobyan SA, Avetisyan AS, Bayramyan NV, Hakobyan LH, Poghosyan AA, Abroyan LO, Baghdasaryan BV, Tsakanova GV, Sahakyan LV, Yeremyan AS, Karalyan ZA. The pattern of stability of African swine fever virus in leeches. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109835. [PMID: 37515978 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) can accumulate and survive in leeches for a long time. The reasons for the survival of ASFV in leeches are not entirely clear. Here, we elucidate the virus survival pathway in infected leeches. One of the questions reported previously is addressed in this article. How the virus concentration in the body of the leech is equal to or higher than in the water infected with ASFV? Examination of blood swallowed by leeches reveals that the blood cells retain their morphological characteristics for several weeks. It can explain the long-term persistence of the high levels of ASFV in the leeches that ingested ASFV-infected pig blood. qRT-PCR assay showed the transcription of ASFV genes in infected leeches. However, the infectious particles of the virus measured by HADU haven't increased. Quantitative studies of the ASFV revealed a high content of both viral genes and infectious particles in the skin of leeches compared with other body parts. Electron microscopy analysis revealed the ability of the ASFV to effectively bind to the skin surface of the leeches, which explained the high concentrations of ASFV in the leeches' skin. A significant difference in the transcriptional activity between early and late viral genes indicates that the virus entered the initial stage of replication, but for some reason failed to complete it, which is typical of abortive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hranush R Avagyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sona A Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Aida S Avetisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Lina H Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Liana O Abroyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Gohar V Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, 31 Acharyan street, 0040 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilit V Sahakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies NAS RA, 68 Abovyan street, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsham S Yeremyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, 31 Acharyan street, 0040 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven A Karalyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
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19
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Hua RH, Liu J, Zhang SJ, Liu RQ, Zhang XF, He XJ, Zhao DM, Bu ZG. Mammalian Cell-Line-Expressed CD2v Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Provides Partial Protection against the HLJ/18 Strain in the Early Infection Stage. Viruses 2023; 15:1467. [PMID: 37515155 PMCID: PMC10383863 DOI: 10.3390/v15071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell line expressing the CD2v protein of ASFV was generated. The efficient expression of CD2v protein was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The CD2v protein was Ni-affinity purified from the supernatant of cell cultures. The CD2v-expressing cells showed properties of hemadsorption, and the secreted CD2v protein exhibited hemagglutinating activity. The antigenicity and immunoprotection ability of CD2v were evaluated by immunizing pigs alone, combined with a cell-line-expressed p30 protein or triple combined with p30 and K205R protein. Immunized pigs were challenged with the highly virulent ASFV strain HLJ/18. Virus challenge results showed that CD2v immunization alone could provide partial protection at the early infection stage. Protein p30 did not show synergistic protection effects in immunization combined with CD2v. Interestingly, immunization with the triple combination of CD2V, p30 and K205R reversed the protection effect. The viremia onset time was delayed, and one pig out of three recovered after the challenge. The pig recovered from ASFV clinical symptoms, the rectal temperature returned to normal levels and the viremia was cleared. The mechanism of this protection effect warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hong Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shu-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ren-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xi-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
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20
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Zhao Y, Yang J, Niu Q, Wang J, Jing M, Guan G, Liu M, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z. Identification and Characterization of Nanobodies from a Phage Display Library and Their Application in an Immunoassay for the Sensitive Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0119722. [PMID: 37154731 PMCID: PMC10281114 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01197-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal and devastating diseases of domestic and wild swine. The continual spread and frequent outbreaks of ASF have seriously threatened the pig and pig-related industries, causing great socioeconomic losses at unprecedented proportions. Although ASF has been documented for a century, no effective vaccine or antiviral treatment is currently available. Nanobodies (Nbs) derived from heavy-chain-only antibodies in camelids have been discovered to be effective as therapeutics and robust biosensors in imaging and diagnostic applications. In the present study, a high-quality phage display library containing specific Nbs raised against ASFV proteins was successfully constructed, and 19 nanobodies specific to ASFV p30 were preliminarily identified by phage display technology. After extensive evaluation, nanobodies Nb17 and Nb30 were employed as immunosensors and applied to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of ASFV in clinical specimens. This immunoassay showed a detection limit of approximately 1.1 ng/mL target protein and 102.5 hemadsorption (HAD50/mL) of ASFV and exhibited high specificity with no cross-reaction with the other porcine viruses tested. The performances of the newly developed assay and a commercial kit in testing 282 clinical swine samples were very similar (93.62% agreement). However, the novel sandwich Nb-ELISA showed higher sensitivity than the commercial kit when serial dilutions of ASFV-positive samples were tested. The present study describes a valuable alternative technique for the detection and surveillance of ASF in endemic regions. Furthermore, additional nanobodies specific to ASFV may be developed using the generated VHH library and employed in different biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- China Agricultural VET. BIO, Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinming Wang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Jing
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Dingxi City, Dingxi, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Zajac MD, Trujillo JD, Yao J, Kumar R, Sangewar N, Lokhandwala S, Sang H, Mallen K, McCall J, Burton L, Kumar D, Heitmann E, Burnum T, Waghela SD, Almes K, Richt J, Kim T, Mwangi W. Immunization of pigs with replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus multi-antigens induced humoral immune responses but no protection following contact challenge. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1208275. [PMID: 37404778 PMCID: PMC10316028 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1208275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen of great economic importance given that continues to threaten the pork industry worldwide, but there is no safe vaccine or treatment available. Development of a vaccine is feasible as immunization of pigs with some live attenuated ASFV vaccine candidates can confer protection, but safety concerns and virus scalability are challenges that must to be addressed. Identification of protective ASFV antigens is needed to inform the development of efficacious subunit vaccines. Methods In this study, replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored multicistronic ASFV antigen expression constructs that covered nearly 100% of the ASFV proteome were generated and validated using ASFV convalescent serum. Swine were immunized with a cocktail of the expression constructs, designated Ad5-ASFV, alone or formulated with either Montanide ISA-201™ (ASFV-ISA-201) or BioMize® adjuvant (ASFV-BioMize). Results These constructs primed strong B cell responses as judged by anti-pp62-specific IgG responses. Notably, the Ad5-ASFV and the Ad5-ASFV ISA-201, but not the Ad5-ASFV BioMize®, immunogens primed significantly (p < 0.0001) higher anti-pp62-specific IgG responses compared with Ad5-Luciferase formulated with Montanide ISA-201™ adjuvant (Luc-ISA-201). The anti-pp62-specific IgG responses underwent significant (p < 0.0001) recall in all the vaccinees after boosting and the induced antibodies strongly recognized ASFV (Georgia 2007/1)-infected primary swine cells. However, following challenge by contact spreaders, only one pig nearly immunized with the Ad5-ASFV cocktail survived. The survivor had no typical clinical symptoms, but had viral loads and lesions consistent with chronic ASF. Discussion Besides the limited sample size used, the outcome suggests that in vivo antigen expression, but not the antigen content, might be the limitation of this immunization approach as the replication-incompetent adenovirus does not amplify in vivo to effectively prime and expand protective immunity or directly mimic the gene transcription mechanisms of attenuated ASFV. Addressing the in vivo antigen delivery limitations may yield promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Zajac
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Rakshith Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Neha Sangewar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Huldah Sang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kylynn Mallen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jayden McCall
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leeanna Burton
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Emily Heitmann
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tristan Burnum
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Suryakant D. Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kelli Almes
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Juergen Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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22
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Zhao H, Wang G, Dong H, Wu S, Du Y, Wan B, Ji P, Wu Y, Jiang D, Zhuang G, Duan H, Zhang G, Zhang A. Identification of a Linear B Cell Epitope on p54 of African Swine Fever Virus Using Nanobodies as a Novel Tool. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0336222. [PMID: 37191526 PMCID: PMC10269858 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03362-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has received great attention from the swine industry due to the pandemic and the lack of vaccines or effective treatments. In the present study, 13 African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54-specific nanobodies (Nbs) were successfully screened based on Bactrian camel immunization of p54 protein and phage display technology, and their reactivity with the p54 C-terminal domain (p54-CTD) was determined; however, only Nb8-horseradish peroxidase (Nb8-HRP) exhibited the best reactivity. Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) results indicated that Nb8-HRP specifically reacted with ASFV-infected cells. Then, the possible epitopes of p54 were identified using Nb8-HRP. The results showed that Nb8-HRP could recognize p54-CTD truncated mutant p54-T1. Then, 6 overlapping peptides covering p54-T1 were synthesized to determine the possible epitopes. Dot blot and peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results suggested that one novel minimal linear B cell epitope, 76QQWVEV81, which had never been reported before, was identified. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that 76QQWV79 was the core binding site for Nb8. Epitope 76QQWVEV81 was highly conserved among genotype II ASFV strains and could react with inactivated ASFV antibody-positive serum from naturally infected pigs, indicating that it was a natural linear B cell epitope. These findings provide valuable insights for vaccine design and p54 as an effective diagnostic tool. IMPORTANCE The ASFV p54 protein plays an important role in inducing neutralization antibodies in vivo after viral infection and is often used as a candidate protein for subunit vaccine development. The full understanding of the p54 protein epitope provides a sufficient theoretical basis for p54 as a vaccine candidate protein. The present study uses a p54-specific nanobody as a probe to identify a highly conserved antigenic epitope, 76QQWVEV81, among different ASFV strains, and it can induce humoral immune responses in pigs. This is the first report using virus-specific nanobodies as a tool to identify some special epitopes that cannot be recognized by conventional monoclonal antibodies. This study opens up nanobodies as a new tool for identifying epitopes and also provides a theoretical basis for understanding p54-induced neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaijie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haoxin Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuya Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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23
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Li C, Zhang L, Chen X, Jiang D, Hu J, Guo J, Ding J, Jiao X, Bao W, Li Y. Evaluation of the genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus as a stable viral vector for foreign gene expression. Antiviral Res 2023:105652. [PMID: 37301446 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the flavivirus genome to accommodate and express a heterologous gene of interest has become an attractive approach for gene delivery and the development of viral-vectored vaccines. However, due to the inherent genetic instability of the flavivirus genomes, the construction of recombinant viruses carrying a foreign gene could be problematic and heavily resistant. In this study, the possibility of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a stable flavivirus vector for the expression of a foreign gene was assessed using reverse genetics. The full-length cDNA genome of genotype I (GI) JEV inherently possessed excellent stability and manipulability in a bacterial host, while mutations and deletions accumulated in the cDNA genomes of genotype Ⅲ (GⅢ) JEV strains. Using the GI JEV as backbones, we generate a panel of recombinant viruses expressing various foreign genes. All recombinant viruses exhibited excellent genetic stability and efficiently express foreign genes for at least ten serial passages in vitro. In application, a convenient, rapid and reliable image-based assay for neutralizing antibody testing and antiviral drug discovery was established with a mCherry-reporter recombinant virus (rBJ-mCherry). Meanwhile, the recombinant viruses expressing the antigens of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) or Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) could effectively induce antibody responses to the JEV vector and foreign antigens in a mouse vaccination model. Therefore, GI JEV strains could serve as viral vectors accommodating the expression of large foreign genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Daoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jinyao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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24
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Zhang G, Liu W, Yang S, Song S, Ma Y, Zhou G, Liang X, Miao C, Li J, Liu Y, Shao J, Chang H. Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a cocktail of recombinant African swine fever virus antigens fused with OprI in domestic pigs. Virol J 2023; 20:104. [PMID: 37237390 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease in domestic pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV), for which there is currently no commercial vaccine available. The genome of ASFV encodes more than 150 proteins, some of which have been included in subunit vaccines but only induce limited protection against ASFV challenge. METHODS To enhance immune responses induced by ASFV proteins, we expressed and purified three fusion proteins with each consisting of bacterial lipoprotein OprI, 2 different ASFV proteins/epitopes and a universal CD4+ T cell epitope, namely OprI-p30-modified p54-TT, OprI-p72 epitopes-truncated pE248R-TT, and OprI-truncated CD2v-truncated pEP153R-TT. The immunostimulatory activity of these recombinant proteins was first assessed on dendritic cells. Then, humoral and cellular immunity induced by these three OprI-fused proteins cocktail formulated with ISA206 adjuvant (O-Ags-T formulation) were assessed in pigs. RESULTS The OprI-fused proteins activated dendritic cells with elevated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the O-Ags-T formulation elicited a high level of antigen-specific IgG responses and interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after stimulation in vitro. Importantly, the sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs vaccinated with the O-Ags-T formulation respectively reduced ASFV infection in vitro by 82.8% and 92.6%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the OprI-fused proteins cocktail formulated with ISA206 adjuvant induces robust ASFV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs. Our study provides valuable information for the further development of subunit vaccines against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (LIBP), a subsidiary company of China National Biotec Group Company Limited (CNBG), Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaxia Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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Huang M, Zheng H, Tan W, Xiang C, Fang N, Xie W, Wen L, Liu D, Chen R. Molecular Signatures in Swine Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to African Swine Fever Virus Antigens p30/p54/CD2v Expressed Using a Highly Efficient Semliki Forest Virus Replicon System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119316. [PMID: 37298266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a devastating viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars, posing a foremost threat to the swine industry and pig farming. The development of an effective vaccine is urgently needed, but has been hampered by the lack of an in-depth, mechanistic understanding of the host immune response to ASFV infection and the induction of protective immunity. In this study, we report that immunization of pigs with Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) replicon-based vaccine candidates expressing ASFV p30, p54, and CD2v, as well as their ubiquitin-fused derivatives, elicits T cell differentiation and expansion, promoting specific T cell and humoral immunity. Due to significant variations in the individual non-inbred pigs in response to the vaccination, a personalized analysis was conducted. Using integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Venn, KEGG and WGCNA, Toll-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, IL17 receptor, NOD-like receptor and nucleic acid sensor-mediated signaling pathways were demonstrated to be positively correlated to the antigen-stimulated antibody production and inversely correlated to the IFN-γ secreting cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). An up-regulation of CIQA, CIQB, CIQC, C4BPA, SOSC3, S100A8 and S100A9, and down-regulation of CTLA4, CXCL2, CXCL8, FOS, RGS1, EGR1 and SNAI1 are general in the innate immune response post-the second boost. This study reveals that pattern recognition receptors TLR4, DHX58/DDX58 and ZBP1, and chemokines CXCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL10 may play important roles in regulating this vaccination-stimulated adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Hanghui Zheng
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Weixiong Tan
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Chengwei Xiang
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Niran Fang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Wenting Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianghai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Dingxiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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26
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Sereda AD, Kazakova AS, Namsrayn SG, Vlasov ME, Sindryakova IP, Kolbasov DV. Subsequent Immunization of Pigs with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Seroimmunotype IV Vaccine Strain FK-32/135 and by Recombinant Plasmid DNA Containing the CD2v Derived from MK-200 ASFV Seroimmunotype III Strain Does Not Protect from Challenge with ASFV Seroimmunotype III. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051007. [PMID: 37243111 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immunological mechanisms of protection and the viral proteins involved in the induction of a protective immune response to the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is still limited. In the last years, the CD2v protein (gp110-140) of the ASFV has been proven to be a serotype-specific protein. Current work is devoted to the investigation of the possibility of creating protection against virulent ASFV strain Mozambique-78 (seroimmunotype III) in pigs previously vaccinated with vaccine strain FK-32/135 (seroimmunotype IV) and then immunized with the pUBB76A_CD2v plasmid, containing a chimeric nucleotide sequence from the CD2v protein gene (EP402R, nucleotides from 49 to 651) from the MK-200 strain (seroimmunotype III). Vaccination with the ASFV vaccine strain FK-32/135 protects pigs from the disease caused by the strain with homologous seroimmunotype-France-32 (seroimmunotype IV). Our attempt to create balanced protection against virulent strain Mozambique-78 (seroimmunotype III) by induction of both humoral factors of immunity (by vaccination with strain FK-32/135 of seroimmunotype IV) and serotype-specific cellular immunity (by immunization with the plasmid pUBB76A_CD2v of seroimmunotype III) was unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey D Sereda
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Petushki Area, Vladimir Region, Russia
| | - Anna S Kazakova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Petushki Area, Vladimir Region, Russia
| | - Sanzhi G Namsrayn
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Petushki Area, Vladimir Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Vlasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Petushki Area, Vladimir Region, Russia
| | - Irina P Sindryakova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Petushki Area, Vladimir Region, Russia
| | - Denis V Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Petushki Area, Vladimir Region, Russia
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Bhilare KD, Jawalagatti V, Alam MJ, Chen B, Kim B, Lee JH, Kim JH. Immune response following safer administration of recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium harboring ASFV antigens in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110596. [PMID: 37119725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a contagious epizootic pathogen adversely affecting porcine industry in Asian and European countries. Till date, 8 serotypes and 24 genotypes of the virus have been reported. Few live attenuated virus vaccine studies have reported to provide complete protection against ASFV infection but biohazard concern still remain. Recombinant subunit antigens are capable of providing cellular and humoral immunity in porcine, but not a single vaccine has hit the market yet. In the present study, we attempted to use recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912 strain harboring ASFV antigens (rSal-ASFV) to investigate its immunostimulant effect in porcine. Post intramuscular administration, we observed significant increment in the levels of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and immunoglobulin (i.e. IgG, IgA, and IgM) levels in rSal-ASFV treated groups. Further RT-PCR analysis indicated the increased expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80/86, NK cell receptors (NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46) and cytokines while ELIspot analysis revealed significant production of IFN-γ in rSal-ASFV treated groups. Taken together, we are able to demonstrate that rSal-ASFV could elicit a non-specific cellular as well as humoral immune response. However, additional antigen specific immunity data is needed to evaluate its efficacy. Intramuscular administration of rSal-ASFV was found to be safe and immunostimulant in nature without any side-effects and may serve as an excellent option for in-vivo antigen delivery in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran D Bhilare
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Jawalagatti
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Baicheng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zhou X, Fan J, Guo X, Chen T, Yang J, Zhang Y, Mi L, Zhang F, Miao F, Li M, Hu R. Comparison of Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus Strain SY18 Challenge Models. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040858. [PMID: 37112838 PMCID: PMC10142125 DOI: 10.3390/v15040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral haemorrhagic disease found in domestic and wild boars caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). A highly virulent strain was used to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed vaccine candidates. The ASFV strain SY18 was isolated from the first ASF case in China and is virulent in pigs of all ages. To evaluate the pathogenesis of ASFV SY18 following intraoral (IO) and intranasal (IN) infections, a challenge trial was conducted in landrace pigs, with intramuscular (IM) injection as a control. The results showed that the incubation period of IN administration with 40–1000 50 % tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) was 5–8 days, which was not significantly different from that of IM inoculation with 200 TCID50. A significantly longer incubation period, 11–15 days, was observed in IO administration with 40–5000 TCID50. Clinical features were similar among all infected animals. Symptoms, including high fever (≥40.5 °C), anorexia, depression, and recumbency, were observed. No significant differences were detected in the duration of viral shedding during fever. There was no significant difference in disease outcome, and all animals succumbed to death. This trial showed that IN and IO infections could be used for the efficacy evaluation of an ASF vaccine. The IO infection model, similar to that of natural infection, is highly recommended, especially for the primary screening of candidate vaccine strains or vaccines with relatively weak immune efficacy, such as live vector vaccines and subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xiaopan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Lijuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Faming Miao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongliang Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130122, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (R.H.)
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Li Y, Sun R, Li S, Tan Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Guo Y, Huang J. ASFV proteins presented at the surface of T7 phages induce strong antibody responses in mice. J Virol Methods 2023; 316:114725. [PMID: 36965632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, and there are still no safe and effective vaccines or therapeutics available. The granulated virus antigen improves the antigen present process and elicits high antibody reaction than the subunit antigen. In this study, the SpyTag peptide-p10 fusion protein was altered and displayed on the surface of the T7 phage to construct an engineered phage (T7-ST). At the same time, ASFV antigen-Spycatcher C-terminal-fused protein (antigen-SC) was expressed and purified by an E. coli prokaryotic expression system. Five virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the main ASFV antigenic proteins P30, P54, P72, CD2v, and K145R were reconstructed by the isopeptide bond between SpyTag and antigen-SC proteins. The stability of five ASFV VLPs in high temperature and extreme pH conditions was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and plaque analysis. All ASFV VLPs induced a high titer antigen-specific antibody response in mice. Our results showed that the granulated antigen displaying ASFV protein on the surface of the T7 phage provides a robust potential vaccine and diagnostic tool to address the challenge of the ASFV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Yebin Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China, 100081
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072.
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Design of a Replicative-Competent MGF110 (1L-5-6L) Deleted African Swine Fever Virus (Genotype II). ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Viral individual genes functions and their role in the interaction with the host cells remain the main area in the study of African swine fever virus (ASFV) biology. The extreme heterogeneity of the ASFV makes it difficult to develop vaccines against this pathogen. In this work, we generated the ASFV deletion mutant virus Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) with the six genes deletion in multigenic family 110 (MGF110) (1L-5-6L) and studied its characteristics in vitro. The homologous recombination method was used for the deletion in ASFV parental strain Volgograd/14с. A series of six passages was carried out in the COS-1 cell culture using the limiting dilution method. The recombinant strain Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110 was selected by the plaque formation method. Performed study of viral replication showed no changes in viral growth kinetics in comparison with the parental strain. The ASFV Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110 is a great tool available to test the importance of MGF110 for virus virulence and vaccine development.
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Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhang H, Shen Y, Zhang P, Shan H, Cai X. Orally administered recombinant Lactobacillus expressing African swine fever virus antigens that induced immunity responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1103327. [PMID: 36699597 PMCID: PMC9869048 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, acute, febrile disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), with morbidity and mortality rates approaching 100% in domestic and wild swine, resulting in massive economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. This study aimed to express the p30, p54, and p72 proteins encoded by ASFV in vitro using the Lactobacillus lactis (L. lactis) expression system. Here, six new functional recombinant L. lactis were constructed, and the expression of the p30 protein, p54 protein, p72 protein, p30-LTB (heat-labile enterotoxin B, LTB) fusion protein, p54-LTB fusion protein, and the p72-LTB fusion protein was successfully detected by Western blot analysis. Following oral immunization of rabbits with recombinant L. lactis, serum IgG, intestinal mucosal sIgA, cytokines (IL-4 and INF-γ), and splenocyte viability were higher than in the control group via ELISA. Notably, without the LTB adjuvant group, humoral and Th1 cellular immunity were promoted, whereas, with the LTB adjuvant group, local mucosal immunity, humoral immunity, and Th2 cellular immunity were promoted, providing new insights into the design and development of an ASFV subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Hu Shan, ✉
| | - Xiulei Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Xiulei Cai, ✉
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Netherton CL, Shimmon GL, Hui JYK, Connell S, Reis AL. African Swine Fever Virus Host-Pathogen Interactions. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:283-331. [PMID: 38159232 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus is a complex double-stranded DNA virus that exhibits tropism for cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Virus replication is a multi-step process that involves the nucleus of the host cell as well the formation of large perinuclear sites where progeny virions are assembled prior to transport to, and budding through, the plasma membrane. Like many viruses, African swine fever virus reorganises the cellular architecture to facilitate its replication and has evolved multiple mechanisms to avoid the potential deleterious effects of host cell stress response pathways. However, how viral proteins and virus-induced structures trigger cellular stress pathways and manipulate the subsequent responses is still relatively poorly understood. African swine fever virus alters nuclear substructures, modulates autophagy, apoptosis and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways. The viral genome encodes for at least 150 genes, of which approximately 70 are incorporated into the virion. Many of the non-structural genes have not been fully characterised and likely play a role in host range and modifying immune responses. As the field moves towards approaches that take a broader view of the effect of expression of individual African swine fever genes, we summarise how the different steps in virus replication interact with the host cell and the current state of knowledge on how it modulates the resulting stress responses.
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Brake DA. African Swine Fever Modified Live Vaccine Candidates: Transitioning from Discovery to Product Development through Harmonized Standards and Guidelines. Viruses 2022; 14:2619. [PMID: 36560623 PMCID: PMC9788307 DOI: 10.3390/v14122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent centennial anniversary of R.E. Montgomery's seminal published description of "a form of swine fever" disease transmitted from wild African pigs to European domestic pigs is a call to action to accelerate African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine research and development. ASF modified live virus (MLV) first-generation gene deleted vaccine candidates currently offer the most promise to meet international and national guidelines and regulatory requirements for veterinary product licensure and market authorization. A major, rate-limiting impediment to the acceleration of current as well as future vaccine candidates into regulatory development is the absence of internationally harmonized standards for assessing vaccine purity, potency, safety, and efficacy. This review summarizes the asymmetrical landscape of peer-reviewed published literature on ASF MLV vaccine approaches and lead candidates, primarily studied to date in the research laboratory in proof-of-concept or early feasibility clinical safety and efficacy studies. Initial recommendations are offered toward eventual consensus of international harmonized guidelines and standards for ASF MLV vaccine purity, potency, safety, and efficacy. To help ensure the successful regulatory development and approval of ASF MLV first generation vaccines by national regulatory associated government agencies, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) establishment and publication of harmonized international guidelines is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLC, P.O. Box 787, Stowe, VT 05672, USA
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Bosch-Camós L, Alonso U, Esteve-Codina A, Chang CY, Martín-Mur B, Accensi F, Muñoz M, Navas MJ, Dabad M, Vidal E, Pina-Pedrero S, Pleguezuelos P, Caratù G, Salas ML, Liu L, Bataklieva S, Gavrilov B, Rodríguez F, Argilaguet J. Cross-protection against African swine fever virus upon intranasal vaccination is associated with an adaptive-innate immune crosstalk. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010931. [PMID: 36350837 PMCID: PMC9645615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is causing a worldwide pandemic affecting the porcine industry and leading to important global economic consequences. The virus causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in wild boars and domestic pigs. Lack of effective vaccines hampers the control of virus spread, thus increasing the pressure on the scientific community for urgent solutions. However, knowledge on the immune components associated with protection is very limited. Here we characterized the in vitro recall response induced by immune cells from pigs intranasally vaccinated with the BA71ΔCD2 deletion mutant virus. Vaccination conferred dose-dependent cross-protection associated with both ASFV-specific antibodies and IFNγ-secreting cells. Importantly, bulk and single-cell transcriptomics of blood and lymph node cells from vaccinated pigs revealed a positive feedback from adaptive to innate immunity. Indeed, activation of Th1 and cytotoxic T cells was concomitant with a rapid IFNγ-dependent triggering of an inflammatory response characterized by TNF-producing macrophages, as well as CXCL10-expressing lymphocytes and cross-presenting dendritic cells. Altogether, this study provides a detailed phenotypic characterization of the immune cell subsets involved in cross-protection against ASFV, and highlights key functional immune mechanisms to be considered for the development of an effective ASF vaccine. African swine fever (ASF) pandemic is currently the number one threat for the porcine industry worldwide. Lack of treatments hampers its control, and the insufficient knowledge regarding the immune effector mechanisms required for protection hinders rational vaccine design. Here we present the first comprehensive study characterizing the complex cellular immune response involved in cross-protection against ASF. We show that, upon in vitro reactivation, cells from immune pigs induce a Th1-biased recall response that in turn enhances the antiviral innate response. Our results suggest that this positive feedback regulation of innate immunity plays a key role in the early control of ASF virus infection. Altogether, this work represents a step forward in the understanding of ASF immunology and provide critical immune components that should be considered to more rationally design future ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bosch-Camós
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Uxía Alonso
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Accensi
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals. Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María J. Navas
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sonia Pina-Pedrero
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Patricia Pleguezuelos
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ginevra Caratù
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L. Salas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lihong Liu
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Boris Gavrilov
- Biologics Development, Huvepharma, 3A Nikolay Haytov Street, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail: (FR); (JA)
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail: (FR); (JA)
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Development of an indirect ELISA against African swine fever virus using two recombinant antigens, partial p22 and p30. J Virol Methods 2022; 309:114611. [PMID: 36058340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral disease affecting pigs. It is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), and causes serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, including in Korea. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies are used for the diagnosis and surveillance of ASF. In this study, an ELISA was developed to detect anti-ASFV antibodies using two recombinant proteins, p22 and p30, from genotype II ASFV. Recombinant transmembrane domain-deleted p22 (p22∆TM) and p30 were expressed in E.coli vector system pET32a and mixed for use as antigens in indirect ELISA. The p22∆TM/p30-based indirect ELISA was validated using 31 sera from genotype I ASFV-infected pigs and 1133 sera from uninfected pigs. Area under the curve of this test was 0.999 [95 % concentration interval 0.992-1.000], and sensitivity and specificity were 93.5 % and 99.8 %, respectively. The between run coefficient of variation for internal quality control serum was 6.61 %. In the seroconversion analysis, the p22∆TM/p30-based indirect ELISA showed equal or better ability to detect antibodies in pigs experimentally challenged with ASFV p72 genotypes I and II (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the p22∆TM/p30-based indirect ELISA is a reliable diagnostic method for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies.
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African Swine Fever Vaccinology: The Biological Challenges from Immunological Perspectives. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092021. [PMID: 36146827 PMCID: PMC9505361 DOI: 10.3390/v14092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV), causes African swine fever (ASF), an acute hemorrhagic disease with mortality rates up to 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is currently epidemic or endemic in many countries and threatening the global swine industry. Extensive ASF vaccine research has been conducted since the 1920s. Like inactivated viruses of other NCLDVs, such as vaccinia virus, inactivated ASFV vaccine candidates did not induce protective immunity. However, inactivated lumpy skin disease virus (poxvirus) vaccines are protective in cattle. Unlike some experimental poxvirus subunit vaccines that induced protection, ASF subunit vaccine candidates implemented with various platforms containing several ASFV structural genes or proteins failed to protect pigs effectively. Only some live attenuated viruses (LAVs) are able to protect pigs with high degrees of efficacy. There are currently several LAV ASF vaccine candidates. Only one commercial LAV vaccine is approved for use in Vietnam. LAVs, as ASF vaccines, have not yet been widely tested. Reports thus far show that the onset and duration of protection induced by the LAVs are late and short, respectively, compared to LAV vaccines for other diseases. In this review, the biological challenges in the development of ASF vaccines, especially subunit platforms, are discussed from immunological perspectives based on several unusual ASFV characteristics shared with HIV and poxviruses. These characteristics, including multiple distinct infectious virions, extremely high glycosylation and low antigen surface density of envelope proteins, immune evasion, and possible apoptotic mimicry, could pose enormous challenges to the development of ASF vaccines, especially subunit platforms designed to induce humoral immunity.
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Fan Y, Chen W, Jiang C, Zhang X, Sun Y, Liu R, Wang J, Yang D, Zhao D, Bu Z, He X. Host Responses to Live-Attenuated ASFV (HLJ/18-7GD). Viruses 2022; 14:v14092003. [PMID: 36146810 PMCID: PMC9506386 DOI: 10.3390/v14092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by the African swine fever virus. Recently, the multigene family and CD2v gene-deleted ASF vaccine candidate HLJ/18-7GD was found to be safe and effective in laboratory and clinical trials. However, the immune-protective mechanisms underlying the effects of HLJ/18-7GD remain unclear. We assessed samples from pigs immunized with a single dose of 106 TCID50 HLJ/18-7GD. We found that pigs immunized with HLJ/18-7GD showed high levels of specific antibodies. T lymphocyte subsets (helper T cells (Th); cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); double-positive T cells (DP-T cells)) were temporarily increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after HLJ/18-7GD immunization. Once the HLJ/18-7GD-immunized pigs had been challenged with virulent HLJ/18, the percentage of Th, CTL, and DP-T cells increased significantly. PBMCs extracted from the pigs induced higher levels of CD8+ T cells after infection with the HLJ/18 strain in vitro. The levels of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were upregulated at 7 days post-inoculation; this finding was contrary to the results obtained after HLJ/18 or HLJ/18ΔCD2v infection. The immune protection from HLJ/18-7GD resulted from many synergies, which could provide a theoretical basis for HLJ/18-7GD as a safe and effective ASF vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhigao Bu
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Z.B.); (X.H.)
| | - Xijun He
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Z.B.); (X.H.)
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38
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Zhao J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Sun Y, Zhao Q. A simple nanobody-based competitive ELISA to detect antibodies against African swine fever virus. Virol Sin 2022; 37:922-933. [PMID: 36089216 PMCID: PMC9797394 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is a big threat to the global pig industry. Because there is no effective vaccine, rapid, low-cost, and simple diagnosis methods are necessary to detect the ASFV infection in pig herds. Nanobodies, with advantages of small molecular weight and easy genetic engineering, have been universally used as reagents for developing diagnostic kits. In this study, the recombinant ASFV-p30 was expressed and served as an antigen to immunize the Bactrian camel. Then, seven nanobodies against ASFV-p30 were screened using phage display technique. Subsequently, the seven nanobodies fused horseradish peroxidase (nanobody-HRP) were secretory expressed and one fusion protein ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP was selected with the highest sensitivity in blocking ELISA. Using the ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP fusion protein as a probe, a competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies in pig sera. The cut-off value of cELISA was determined to be 22.7% by testing 360 negative pig sera. The detection limit of the cELISA for positive pig sera was 1:320, and there was no cross-reaction with anti-other swine virus antibodies. The comparative assay showed that the agreement of the cELISA with a commercial ELISA kit was 100%. More importantly, the developed cELISA showed low cost and easy production as a commercial kit candidate. Collectively, a simple nanobody-based cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV is developed and it provides a new method for monitoring ASFV infection in the pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Kunming Customs Technology Center, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
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39
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Li Z, Chen W, Qiu Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wu K, Li X, Zhao M, Ding H, Fan S, Chen J. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081255. [PMID: 36013434 PMCID: PMC9409812 DOI: 10.3390/life12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease with a high fatality rate in both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has greatly challenged pig-raising countries and also negatively impacted regional and national trade of pork products. To date, ASF has spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. The development of safe and effective ASF vaccines is urgently required for the control of ASF outbreaks. The ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, has a large genome and a complex structure. The functions of nearly half of its viral genes still remain to be explored. Knowledge on the structure and function of ASFV proteins, the mechanism underlying ASFV infection and immunity, and the identification of major immunogenicity genes will contribute to the development of an ASF vaccine. In this context, this paper reviews the available knowledge on the structure, replication, protein function, virulence genes, immune evasion, inactivation, vaccines, control, and diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
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40
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Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild pigs, listed as a notifiable disease reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Despite its limited host range and absent zoonotic potential, the socio-economic and environmental impact of ASF is very high, representing a serious threat to the global swine industry and the many stakeholders involved. Currently, only control and eradication measures based mainly on early detection and strict stamping-out policies are available, however, the rapid spread of the disease in new countries, and in new regions in countries already affected, show these strategies to be lacking. In this review, we discuss approaches to ASF vaccinology, with emphasis on the advances made over the last decade, including the development of virulence-associated gene deleted strains such as the very promising ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔLVR, that replicates efficiently in a stable porcine epithelial cell line, and the cross-protecting BA71ΔCD2 capable of stably growing in the commercial COS-1 cell line, or the naturally attenuated Lv17/WB/Rie1 which shows solid protection in wild boar. We also consider the key constraints involved in the scale-up and commercialization of promising live attenuated and virus-vectored vaccine candidates, namely cross-protection, safety, lack of suitable animal models, compatibility with wildlife immunization, availability of established and licensed cell lines, and differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Urbano
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)
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41
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Duan X, Ru Y, Yang W, Ren J, Hao R, Qin X, Li D, Zheng H. Research progress on the proteins involved in African swine fever virus infection and replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947180. [PMID: 35935977 PMCID: PMC9353306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic and highly contagious infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which infects domestic pigs or wild boars. It is characterized by short course of disease, high fever and hemorrhagic lesions, with mortality of up to 100% from acute infection. Up to now, the lack of commercial vaccines and effective drugs has seriously threatened the healthy economic development of the global pig industry. ASFV is a double-stranded DNA virus and genome varies between about 170-194 kb, which encodes 150-200 viral proteins, including 68 structural proteins and more than 100 non-structural proteins. In recent years, although the research on structure and function of ASFV-encoded proteins has been deepened, the structure and infection process of ASFV are still not clear. This review summarizes the main process of ASFV infection, replication and functions of related viral proteins to provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for ASFV research and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongzeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haixue Zheng,
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42
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Vlasova NN, Verkhovsky OA, Aliper TI, Kapustina OV, Alekseev KP, Yuzhakov AG, Gulukin MI, Gulukin AM. [Problems of specific prevention of African swine fever]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:206-216. [PMID: 35831963 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the current state of the problem of development and application of the specific prevention of African swine fever (ASF) with a brief description of its etiology and pathogenesis. The unique nature of the ASF virus (ASFV) determines some limitations and the complexity of solving the problem of vaccine development. Such situation stimulated the development of highly specific diagnostic methods for rapid and accurate detection of the ASFV. In this regard, results of studies, including our own, concerning the comparative analysis of the genome of vaccine and virulent strains of the ASFV, as well as immunodiagnostic approaches to determine causes of high virulence and low protective activity of the ASFV, are briefly presented. Special attention is given to the issue related to the development of safe and effective vaccines against ASF. In this context disadvantages and possible advantages of live attenuated (LAV) and recombinant (RV) vaccines are considered in details. Results of recent studies on the assessment of the immunogenicity of genetically modified vaccines (GMV) which developed in various laboratories around the world are presented. The obtained data indicate that ASF vaccination is currently the most promising measure to stop the spread of this disease in our country and in the world, however, previous experience with ASF vaccination has revealed some problems in its development and application. The significant contribution of foreign researchers to the study of the basics of virulence of this pathogen and the study of its genes functions are noted. The possible further expansion of ASF in Europe and Asia in bordering Russia territories, as well as the established fact of the persistence of ASFV in wild boar population indicate a constant threat of its re-introduction into our country. In conclusion, the importance of developing a safe effective vaccine against ASF and the assessing of the possible risks of creating the artificial sources of the infection in nature as a result of its use is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Vlasova
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - O A Verkhovsky
- Diagnostic and Prevention Research Institute for Human and Animal Diseases
| | - T I Aliper
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - O V Kapustina
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - K P Alekseev
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A G Yuzhakov
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M I Gulukin
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A M Gulukin
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary named after the honorary K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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Fang N, Yang B, Xu T, Li Y, Li H, Zheng H, Zhang A, Chen R. Expression and Immunogenicity of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Proteins Using the Semliki Forest Virus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:870009. [PMID: 35615248 PMCID: PMC9125186 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.870009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family that damages the immune system of pigs, resulting in the death or slaughter of millions of animals worldwide. Recent modern techniques in ASFV vaccination have highlighted the potential of viral replicon particles (RPs), which can efficiently express foreign proteins and induce robust cellular and humoral immune responses compared with the existing vaccines. In this study, we established a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vector by producing replication-defective viral particles. This vector was used to deliver RPs expressing ASFV antigens. SFV-RPs expressing ASFV p32 (SFV-p32) and p54 (SFV-p54) were tested in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. Proteins expression was evaluated via western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence, while immunogenicity was evaluated in BALB/c mice. The resulting RPs exhibited high levels of protein expression and elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niran Fang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Zhaoqing DaHuaNong Biology Medicine Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan, China
| | - Hanghui Zheng
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing DaHuaNong Biology Medicine Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruiai Chen
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Identification of Linear B Cell Epitopes on CD2V Protein of African Swine Fever Virus by Monoclonal Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0105221. [PMID: 35311572 PMCID: PMC9045250 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01052-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD2-like (CD2V) protein is a crucial antigen of African swine fever virus (ASFV). CD2V interacts with the cellular AP-1 protein, participates in intracellular transport of virus, and induces neutralizing antibodies to partly protect swine from virus attack. In this study, a specific CD2V dimeric protein was designed to enhance antigenicity and immunogenicity, expressed in a Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression vector system and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. After animal immunization, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (7E12, 22B3, 18A3, 13G11, and 43C2) against CD2V were developed. The variable regions of heavy chains and light chains of the mAbs were sequenced to prove that the five mAbs differed from one another. The mAbs of CD2V could combine with ASFV by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). B cell epitopes of CD2V were screened using the five mAbs by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Dot-ELISA. Therefore, three B cell epitopes (147FVKYT151, 157EYNWN161, and 195SSNY198) were identified. This is the first time that mAbs of the ASFV CD2V protein have been developed and the sequencing of heavy chains and light chains of mAbs has been completed. Linear B cell epitopes, which were core targets of immunoprotection of the CD2V protein, were identified by mAbs for the first time. This study provides efficient epitopes for the development of ASFV subunit vaccines. IMPORTANCE The ASFV CD2V protein is a crucial antigen on the outer envelopes of virus particles. A modified ASFV CD2V dimeric protein was expressed in the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression vector system. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD2V were developed, sequenced, and applied to identify CD2V protein B cell epitopes. Three B cell epitopes, 147FVKYT151, 157EYNWN161, and 195SSNY198, were identified. This is the first time CD2V mAbs have been developed, the sequencing of heavy chains and light chains of CD2V mAbs have been completed, and CD2V B cell epitopes have been identified by using scanning peptide method and bioinformatics methods.
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Ravilov RK, Rizvanov AA, Mingaleev DN, Galeeva AG, Zakirova EY, Shuralev EA, Rutland CS, Khammadov NI, Efimova MA. Viral Vector Vaccines Against ASF: Problems and Prospectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:830244. [PMID: 35359666 PMCID: PMC8963494 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.830244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs, with mortality rates a primary focus as they can reach up to 100%. The widespread and colossal economic losses from ASF have impacts on the development of animal husbandry practices in most countries within Africa, Asia, and Europe. Currently, a variety of approaches toward the development of vaccines against ASF are being employed. A promising new concept centered around more economical and time-consuming vaccine production is based on the use of viral vectors to deliver selected immunogens. This review discusses the results obtained from testing various viral vectors as carriers of targeted ASF virus genes. The safety and prospects of viral vectors, the possibilities around modulating cellular and humoral immune responses by choosing genes expressing immunodominant antigens, and the degree of protection in experimental animals from infection with a lethal dose of virulent ASF virus strains have been shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Kh. Ravilov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Danil N. Mingaleev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Antonina G. Galeeva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Antonina G. Galeeva
| | - Elena Yu. Zakirova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard A. Shuralev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nail I. Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina A. Efimova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
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Zheng X, Nie S, Feng WH. Regulation of antiviral immune response by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Virol Sin 2022; 37:157-167. [PMID: 35278697 PMCID: PMC9170969 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality approaching 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is an endemic in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Now, it has been spreading to many countries, especially in Asia and Europe. Due to the fact that there is no commercial vaccine available for ASF to provide sustainable prevention, the disease has spread rapidly worldwide and caused great economic losses in swine industry. The knowledge gap of ASF virus (ASFV) pathogenesis and immune evasion is the main factor to limit the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines. Here, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of how ASFV interferes with the host innate and adaptive immune responses. An in-depth understanding of ASFV immune evasion strategies will provide us with rational design of ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Oh T, Do DT, Lai DC, Nguyen LT, Lee JY, Van Le P, Chae C. Chronological expression and distribution of African swine fever virus p30 and p72 proteins in experimentally infected pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4151. [PMID: 35264737 PMCID: PMC8907298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of contagious hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, has temporally regulated gene expression kinetics. The p30 and p72 major structural proteins are involved in viral entry each with different expression kinetics, but neither of their chronological expressions and distribution have been identified in virus-infected animals. Here, we found that both transcription and translation levels of p30 were significantly higher than those of p72 in target organs during the earlier infection-phase. Lymphocyte apoptosis/necrosis and angiectasia were observed as signs of early infection with acute African swine fever. These results show that the chronologically differential expression of ASFV structural proteins tends to be prominent in infected animals, and the p30 protein could play a role in the indication of acute lesions during early infection compared to the late-expressed p72 protein. In conclusion, we propose to consider the chronological expression dynamics of ASFV structural proteins in infected animals to understand virus pathogenesis and antigen targeting for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo Young Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan Van Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Wang Z, Ai Q, Huang S, Ou Y, Gao Y, Tong T, Fan H. Immune Escape Mechanism and Vaccine Research Progress of African Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030344. [PMID: 35334976 PMCID: PMC8949402 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. Since ASF was first reported in China in 2018, ASFV still exists and poses a potential threat to the current pig industry. Low-virulence and genotype I strains of ASFV have been reported in China, and the prevention and control of ASF is more complicated. Insufficient understanding of the interaction of ASFV with the host immune system hinders vaccine development. Physical barriers, nonspecific immune response and acquired immunity are the three barriers of the host against infection. To escape the innate immune response, ASFV invades monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby inhibiting IFN expression, regulating cytokine expression and the body’s inflammatory response process. Meanwhile, in order to evade the adaptive immune response, ASFV inhibits antigen presentation, induces the production of non-neutralizing antibodies, and inhibits apoptosis. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in vaccine development around the world. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) based on artificially deleting specific virulence genes can achieve 100% homologous protection and partial heterologous protection. The key of subunit vaccines is identifying the combination of antigens that can effectively provide protection and selecting carriers that can effectively deliver the antigens. In this review, we introduce the epidemic trend of ASF and the impact on the pig industry, analyze the interaction mechanism between ASFV and the body’s immune system, and compare the current status of potential vaccines in order to provide a reference for the development of effective ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yating Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinze Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tiezhu Tong
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (H.F.); Fax: +86-020-38295730 (T.T.); +86-20-8528-3309 (H.F.)
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (H.F.); Fax: +86-020-38295730 (T.T.); +86-20-8528-3309 (H.F.)
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Zhou G, Shi Z, Luo J, Cao L, Yang B, Wan Y, Wang L, Song R, Ma Y, Tian H, Zheng H. Preparation and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus P30 protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1199-1210. [PMID: 35089400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute, febrile, and highly contagious diseases in swine. Early diagnosis is critically important for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in the absence of an effective vaccine. P30 is one of the most immunogenic proteins that are produced during the early stage of an ASFV infection. This makes P30 a good serological target for ASF detection and surveillance. In this study, two P30-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2H2 and 5E8, were generated from mice immunized with recombinant P30 protein (rP30). Epitope mapping was performed with overlapping polypeptides, alanine mutants, and synthetic peptides. The mapping results revealed that 2H2 recognized a region located in the N-terminal, 16-48 aa. In contrast, 5E8 recognized a linear epitope in the C-terminal, 122-128 aa. Further analysis indicated that the epitope recognized by 2H2 was highly conserved in genotypes I and II, while the 5E8 epitope was conserved in most genotypes and the Ser to Pro change at position 128 in genotypes IV, V, and VI did not affect recognition. Overall, the results of this study provide valuable information on the antigenic regions of ASFV P30 and lay the foundation for the serological diagnosis of ASF and vaccine research. KEY POINTS: • Two specific and reactive mAbs were prepared and their epitopes were identified. • 2H2 recognized a novel epitope highly conserved in genotypes I and II. • 5E8 recognized a seven-amino acid linear epitope highly conserved in most genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Zhang G, Liu W, Gao Z, Chang Y, Yang S, Peng Q, Ge S, Kang B, Shao J, Chang H. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of recombinant proteins consisting of two immunodominant African swine fever virus proteins fused with bacterial lipoprotein OprI. Virol J 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35062983 PMCID: PMC8781047 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal swine disease, which threatens the global pig industry. There is no commercially available vaccine against ASF and effective subunit vaccines would represent a real breakthrough.
Methods
In this study, we expressed and purified two recombinant fusion proteins, OPM (OprI-p30-modified p54) and OPMT (OprI-p30-modified p54-T cell epitope), which combine the bacterial lipoprotein OprI with ASF virus proteins p30 and p54. Purified recombinant p30 and modified p54 expressed alone or fused served as controls. The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by these proteins was first assessed. Then, humoral and cellular immunity induced by the proteins were evaluated in mice.
Results
Both OPM and OPMT activated DCs with elevated expression of relevant surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, OPMT elicited the highest levels of antigen-specific IgG responses, cytokines including interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and proliferation of lymphocytes. Importantly, the sera from mice vaccinated with OPM or OPMT neutralized more than 86% of ASF virus in vitro.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that OPMT has good immunostimulatory activities and immunogenicity in mice, and might be an appropriate candidate to elicit immune responses in swine. Our study provides valuable information on further development of a subunit vaccine against ASF.
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