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Siwan D, Nandave M, Gilhotra R, Almalki WH, Gupta G, Gautam RK. Unlocking β-cell restoration: The crucial role of PDX1 in diabetes therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155131. [PMID: 38309018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has been a significant healthcare problem worldwide for a considerable period. The primary objective of diabetic treatment plans is to control the symptoms associated with the pathology. To effectively combat diabetes, it is crucial to comprehend the disease's etiology, essential factors, and the relevant processes involving β-cells. The development of the pancreas, maturation, and maintenance of β-cells, and their role in regular insulin function are all regulated by PDX1. Therefore, understanding the regulation of PDX1 and its interactions with signaling pathways involved in β-cell differentiation and proliferation are crucial elements of alternative diabetes treatment strategies. The present review aims to explore the protective role of PDX1 in β-cell proliferation through signaling pathways. The main keywords chosen for this review include "PDX1 for β-cell mass," "β-cell proliferation," "β-cell restoration via PDX1," and "mechanism of PDX1 in β-cells." A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various internet search engines, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and other publication databases. We summarize several approaches to generating β-cells from alternative cell sources, employing PDX1 under various modified growth conditions and different transcriptional factors. Our analysis highlights the unique potential of PDX1 as a promising target in molecular and cell-based therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Siwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore 453331, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Backes TM, Langfermann DS, Lesch A, Rössler OG, Laschke MW, Vinson C, Thiel G. Regulation and function of AP-1 in insulinoma cells and pancreatic β-cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114748. [PMID: 34461116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cav1.2 L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a central role in pancreatic β-cells by integrating extracellular signals with intracellular signaling events leading to insulin secretion and altered gene transcription. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathway following stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels and addressed the function of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) in pancreatic β-cells of transgenic mice. Stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels activates AP-1 in insulinoma cells. Pharmacological and genetic experiments identified c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase as a signal transducer connecting Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel activation with gene transcription. Moreover, the basic region-leucine zipper proteins ATF2 and c-Jun or c-Jun-related proteins were involved in stimulus-transcription coupling. We addressed the functions of AP-1 in pancreatic β-cells analyzing a newly generated transgenic mouse model. These transgenic mice expressed A-Fos, a mutant of c-Fos that attenuates DNA binding of c-Fos dimerization partners. In insulinoma cells, A-Fos completely blocked AP-1 activation following stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels. The analysis of transgenic A-Fos-expressing mice revealed that the animals displayed impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, we show here for the first time that AP-1 controls an important function of pancreatic β-cells in vivo, the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Backes
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lesch
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Thiel
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Yun SJ, Park J, Park SY, Chin SO, Chon S. Oleuropein attenuates the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-perturbing effects on pancreatic β-cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:752-761. [PMID: 33985414 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1923312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an endocrine disrupting compound and persistent organic pollutant that has been associated with diabetes in several epidemiological studies. Oleuropein, a major phenolic compound in olive fruit, is a superior antioxidant and radical scavenger. This study aimed to examine the effects of oleuropein against TCDD-induced stress response in a pancreatic beta cell line, INS-1 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with various concentrations of oleuropein and then stimulated with TCDD (10 nM) for 48 hrs. When treated with TCDD, INS-1 cells produced robust amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) compared to the untreated control, and this increase was inhibited by oleuropein treatment. TCDD increased Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) level, but had no effect on Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2G10) level, while oleuropein deceased the levels of iPLA2β and PLA2G10 in the presence of TCDD. Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) was significantly increased by TCDD treatment and attenuated with oleuropein pretreatment. Oleuropein decreased TCDD-mediated production of JNK, TNF-α, and ROS. In addition, oleuropein increased Akt and GLUT2 levels suppressed by TCDD in INS-1 cells. Thus, the results suggest that oleuropein prevents pancreatic beta cell impairment by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mazzoli A, Sardi C, Breasson L, Theilig F, Becattini B, Solinas G. JNK1 ablation improves pancreatic β-cell mass and function in db/db diabetic mice without affecting insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue inflammation. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:94-107. [PMID: 33615154 PMCID: PMC7876705 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cJun N‐terminal Kinases (JNK) emerged as a major link between obesity and insulin resistance, but their role in the loss of pancreatic β‐cell mass and function driving the progression from insulin resistance to type‐2 diabetes and in the complications of diabetes was not investigated to the same extent. Furthermore, it was shown that pan‐JNK inhibition exacerbates kidney damage in the db/db model of obesity‐driven diabetes. Here we investigate the role of JNK1 in the db/db model of obesity‐driven type‐2 diabetes. Mice with systemic ablation of JNK1 (JNK1−/−) were backcrossed for more than 10 generations in db/+ C57BL/KS mice to generate db/db‐JNK1−/− mice and db/db control mice. To define the role of JNK1 in the loss of β‐cell mass and function occurring during obesity‐driven diabetes we performed comprehensive metabolic phenotyping, evaluated steatosis and metabolic inflammation, performed morphometric and cellular composition analysis of pancreatic islets, and evaluated kidney function in db/db‐JNK1−/− mice and db/db controls. db/db‐JNK1−/− mice and db/db control mice developed insulin resistance, fatty liver, and metabolic inflammation to a similar extent. However, db/db‐JNK1−/− mice displayed better glucose tolerance and improved insulin levels during glucose tolerance test, higher pancreatic insulin content, and larger pancreatic islets with more β‐cells than db/db mice. Finally, albuminuria, kidney histopathology, kidney inflammation and oxidative stress in db/db‐JNK1−/− mice and in db/db mice were similar. Our data indicate that selective JNK1 ablation improves glucose tolerance in db/db mice by reducing the loss of functional β‐cells occurring in the db/db mouse model of obesity‐driven diabetes, without significantly affecting metabolic inflammation, steatosis, and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we have found that, differently from what previously reported for pan‐JNK inhibitors, selective JNK1 ablation does not exacerbate kidney dysfunction in db/db mice. We conclude that selective JNK1 inactivation may have a superior therapeutic index than pan‐JNK inhibition in obesity‐driven diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Claudia Sardi
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ludovic Breasson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Franziska Theilig
- Institute of Anatomy Christian Albrechts-University Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Barbara Becattini
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Yonaha T, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kuwae K, Tamaki Y, Nishime K, Sakai-Yonaha M, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi H. Pancreas preservation in extracellular-type p38 inhibitor-containing solution improves islet yield for porcine islet isolation. Xenotransplantation 2020; 28:e12661. [PMID: 33231337 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For islet transplantation, pancreas preservation and islet isolation activate p38, which is a member of the stress-activated group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In this study, we evaluated an extracellular-type p38 inhibitor-containing (EP) solution with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, the gold standard for organ preservation. The EP solution has high sodium-low potassium composition with low viscosity compared to UW solution. Moreover, EP solution contains a recently developed p38 inhibitor (11R-p38I110 ) from our laboratory. METHODS Porcine pancreata were preserved in UW, EP, or EP-P solution (EP solution without 11R-p38I110 ), and then islet isolation was performed. An optimized number (1500 IE) of isolated islets from each group were transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. RESULTS The islet yield before and after purification was significantly higher in the EP group than in the UW group. The islet yield before and after purification was not significantly different between the EP and EP-P groups; however, the EP solution prevented a reduction in the number of islets during culture. Western blot analysis showed that p38 activation was attenuated by EP solution. For islet transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, pancreas preservation in EP solution improved the outcome of islet transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Pancreas preservation with EP solution preserved islet function better than with UW solution. The advantages of EP solution over UW solution may include the inhibition of p38 activity as well as the composition of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Yonaha
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Kuwae
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tamaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kai Nishime
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sakai-Yonaha
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Noguchi H. Regulation of c-Jun NH 2-Terminal Kinase for Islet Transplantation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111763. [PMID: 31652814 PMCID: PMC6912371 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation has been demonstrated to provide superior glycemic control with reduced glucose lability and hypoglycemic events compared with standard insulin therapy. However, the insulin independence rate after islet transplantation from one donor pancreas has remained low. The low frequency of islet grafting is dependent on poor islet recovery from donors and early islet loss during the first hours following grafting. The reduction in islet mass during pancreas preservation, islet isolation, and islet transplantation leads to β-cell death by apoptosis and the prerecruitment of intracellular death signaling pathways, such as c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which is one of the stress groups of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In this review, we show some of the most recent contributions to the advancement of knowledge of the JNK pathway and several possibilities for the treatment of diabetes using JNK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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A Novel Preservation Solution Containing a JNK Inhibitory Peptide Efficiently Improves Islet Yield for Porcine Islet Isolation. Transplantation 2019; 103:344-352. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Xiao XH, Huang QY, Qian XL, Duan J, Jiao XQ, Wu LY, Huang QY, Li J, Lai XN, Shi YB, Xiong LX. Cdc42 Promotes ADSC-Derived IPC Induction, Proliferation, And Insulin Secretion Via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2325-2339. [PMID: 32009808 PMCID: PMC6859340 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s226055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by irreversible islet β cell destruction. Accumulative evidence indicated that Cdc42 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling both play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of T1DM. Further, bio-molecular mechanisms in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) remain largely unknown. Our aim was to investigate the underlying mechanism of Cdc42/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ADSC-derived IPCs, which may provide new insights into the therapeutic strategy for T1DM patients. METHODS ADSC induction was accomplished with DMSO under high-glucose condition. ML141 (Cdc42 inhibitor) and Wnt-3a (Wnt signaling activator) were administered to ADSCs from day 2 until the induction finished. Morphological changes were determined by an inverted microscope. Dithizone staining was employed to evaluate the induction of ADSC-derived IPCs. qPCR and Western blotting were employed to measure the mRNA and protein expression level of islet cell development-related genes and Wnt signaling-related genes. The proliferation ability of ADSC-derived IPCs was also detected with a cell counting kit (CCK) assay. The expression and secretion of Insulin were detected with immunofluorescence test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. RESULTS During induction, morphological characters of ADSCs changed into spindle and round shape, and formed islet-line cell clusters, with brown dithizone-stained cytoplasm. Expression levels of islet cell development-related genes were up-regulated in ADSC-derived IPCs. Wnt-3a promoted Wnt signaling markers and islet cell development-related gene expression at mRNA and protein levels, while ML141 played a negative effect. Wnt-3a promoted ADSC-derived IPC proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), while ML141 played a negative effect. CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated that DMSO and high-glucose condition can induce ADSCs into IPCs, and Wnt signaling promotes the induction. Cdc42 may promote IPC induction, IPC proliferation and insulin secretion via Wnt/β-catenin pathway, meaning that Cdc42 may be regarded as a potential target in the treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Ling Qian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiao Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yun Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Ning Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bo Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li-Xia Xiong Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-791-8636-0556 Email
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Noguchi H, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Nakashima Y, Ebi N, Hamada E, Tamaki Y, Kuwae K, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M. Modified cell-permeable JNK inhibitors efficiently prevents islet apoptosis and improves the outcome of islet transplantation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11082. [PMID: 30038242 PMCID: PMC6056537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that treatment with a JNK inhibitory peptide (11R-JNKI) prevents islet apoptosis and enhances the islet function in vivo. In the present study, we explored more efficient JNK inhibitors. The inhibition of the JNK activity by five types of deletion peptides in 11R-JNKI was investigated. One of the peptides, 8R-sJNKI(-9), significantly prevented JNK activation. At a concentration of 1 µM, 8R-sJNKI(-9) inhibited JNK activity similarly to 10 µM 11R-JNKI and the inhibition of the JNK activity by 10 µM 8R-sJNKI(-9) was significantly greater than that by 10 µM 11R-JNK. To evaluate the effects of 8R-sJNKI(-9), porcine islets were cultured with 1 µM of 8R-sJNKI(-9) or 8R-mutant sJNKI(-9) (8R-mJNKI(-9)). After 1 day of culture, the numbers of islets in the 8R-sJNKI(-9)-treated group was significantly higher than that in the 8R-mJNKI(-9)-treated group. After islet transplantation, the blood glucose levels reached the normoglycemic range in 58.3% of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in the 8R-sJNKI(-9) group and 0% of the mice in the 8R-mJNKI(-9)-treated group. These data suggest that 8R-sJNKI(-9) inhibits islet apoptosis and improves islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakashima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Nana Ebi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Eri Hamada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tamaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kazuho Kuwae
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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The Temporal Regulation of S Phase Proteins During G 1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1042:335-369. [PMID: 29357066 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful DNA replication requires intimate coordination with cell-cycle progression. Prior to DNA replication initiation in S phase, a series of essential preparatory events in G1 phase ensures timely, complete, and precise genome duplication. Among the essential molecular processes are regulated transcriptional upregulation of genes that encode replication proteins, appropriate post-transcriptional control of replication factor abundance and activity, and assembly of DNA-loaded protein complexes to license replication origins. In this chapter we describe these critical G1 events necessary for DNA replication and their regulation in the context of both cell-cycle entry and cell-cycle progression.
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Chen C, Wu S, Lin X, Wu D, Fischbach S, Xiao X. ERK5 plays an essential role in gestational beta-cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2017; 51:e12410. [PMID: 29159830 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Restoring a functional beta-cell mass is a fundamental goal in treating diabetes. A complex signalling pathway network coordinates the regulation of beta-cell proliferation, although a role for ERK5 in this network has not been reported. This question was addressed in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in pregnant mice, a well-known mouse model of increased beta-cell proliferation. A specific inhibitor of ERK5 activation, BIX02189, was intraperitoneally injected into the pregnant mice to suppress ERK5 signalling. Beta-cell proliferation was determined by quantification of Ki-67+ beta cells. Beta-cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. The extent of beta-cell proliferation was determined by beta-cell mass. The alteration of ERK5 activation and CyclinD1 levels in purified mouse islets was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 phosphorylation, which represents ERK5 activation, was significantly upregulated in islets from pregnant mice. Suppression of ERK5 activation by BIX02189 in pregnant mice significantly reduced beta-cell proliferation, without affecting beta-cell apoptosis, resulting in increases in random blood glucose levels and impairment of glucose response of the mice. ERK5 seemed to activate CyclinD1 to promote gestational beta-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 plays an essential role in the gestational augmentation of beta-cell proliferation. ERK5 may be a promising target for increasing beta-cell mass in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congde Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suichun Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dazhou Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
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Sakata N, Yamaguchi Y, Chen Y, Shimoda M, Yoshimatsu G, Unno M, Sumi S, Ohki R. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) deficiency improves islets engraftment through the suppression of hypoxic damage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187927. [PMID: 29121094 PMCID: PMC5679611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a useful cell replacement therapy that can restore the glycometabolic function of severe diabetic patients. It is known that many transplanted islets failed to engraft, and thus, new approaches for overcoming graft loss that may improve the outcome of future clinical islet transplantations are necessary. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) is a known suppressor of neuroendocrine tumorigenicity, yet deficiency of this gene increases islet proliferation, prevents islet apoptosis, and improves their insulin-releasing function without causing tumors. In this study, we examined the potential use of PHLDA3-deficient islets in transplantation. We observed that: 1) transplanting PHLDA3-deficient islets into diabetic mice significantly improved their glycometabolic condition, 2) the improved engraftment of PHLDA3-deficient islets resulted from increased cell survival during early transplantation, and 3) Akt activity was elevated in PHLDA3-deficient islets, especially under hypoxic conditions. Thus, we determined that PHLDA3-deficient islets are more resistant against stresses induced by islet isolation and transplantation. We conclude that use of islets with suppressed PHLDA3 expression could be a novel and promising treatment for improving engraftment and consequent glycemic control in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohko Yamaguchi
- Divisions of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- Divisions of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sumi
- Department of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Divisions of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun W, Xu G, Guo X, Luo G, Wu L, Hou Y, Guo X, Zhou J, Xu T, Qin L, Fan Y, Han L, Matsabisa M, Ma X, Liu T. Protective effects of asiatic acid in a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1333-1339. [PMID: 28586016 PMCID: PMC5562101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-diabetic activity. However, the mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. The present study was performed to confirm the protective effect of AA and demonstrate its ability to regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in db/db mice. Db/db mice fed on a high-fat diet were used to model diabetes mellitus. Modeled mice were divided randomly into the model control, pioglitazone hydrochloride tablet (PH) and AA groups. Age-matched C57 BL/6J mice served as normal controls. Lipid and glucose levels, and glycogen synthesis rates were assessed following treatment. Pathological changes were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway at the mRNA level was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The model control group revealed typical characteristics of obesity and diabetes, including high glucose and lipid levels, and decreased glycogen synthesis. Four weeks of treatment with AA or PH ameliorated these abnormalities. AA and PH treatments mitigated the upregulation of PI3K, AKT, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate-1 mRNA expression in modeled mice. Furthermore, AA and PH treatments decreased GSK-3β and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA expression compared with the normal control group. The results of the present study confirmed that AA possesses anti-diabetic activity in db/db mice. The PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway may mediate this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Tunhai Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Fan
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Motlalepula Matsabisa
- School of Natural Medicine, University of The Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Xuesheng Ma
- School of Natural Medicine, University of The Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Yuan JH, Pan F, Chen J, Chen CE, Xie DP, Jiang XZ, Guo SJ, Zhou J. Neuroprotection by plumbagin involves BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2/JNK pathways in isoflurane-induced neonatal rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:896-906. [PMID: 28464236 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the effects of plumbagin on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Neonatal Sprague Dawley rat pups were treated with plumbagin (50, 100 or 150 mg/kg body weight, orally) from postnatal day 2. The pups on postnatal day 7 were subjected to isoflurane (0.75%) exposure for 6 h. Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal tissues was detected by TUNEL assay and FluroJade B staining following isoflurane exposure. Protein expressions were analysed by immunoblotting. RT-PCR was performed to assess mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB. KEY FINDINGS We observed reduced apoptosis in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions along with severely reduced pro-apoptotic factors (Bad, Bax and cleaved caspase-3) expression and raised levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, xIAP and cIAPs (cell survival proteins) in plumbagin supplemented rats. Decrease in the levels of JNK, phospho-JNK, c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun with enhanced ERK1/2 levels was observed on plumbagin pretreatment. Down-regulated PI3K/Akt signalling following isoflurane was activated by plumbagin as evidenced by raised PI3K/Akt pathway proteins - mTORc1, Akt, phospho-Akt, GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β, PTEN and NF-κBp65 in the hippocampal tissues as detected by Western blotting. The mRNA levels were enhanced on plumbagin supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Plumbagin exerted its neuroprotective effects by effectively suppressing isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis via regulating BDNF-TrkB-PI3/Akt and ERK/JNK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cai-Er Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deng-Pan Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su-Juan Guo
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Iuamoto LR, Franco AS, Suguita FY, Essu FF, Oliveira LT, Kato JM, Torsani MB, Meyer A, Andraus W, Chaib E, D'Albuquerque LAC. Human islet xenotransplantation in rodents: A literature review of experimental model trends. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:238-243. [PMID: 28492724 PMCID: PMC5401612 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(04)08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the innovations for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, islet transplantation is a less invasive method of treatment, although it is still in development. One of the greatest barriers to this technique is the low number of pancreas donors and the low number of pancreases that are available for transplantation. Rodent models have been chosen in most studies of islet rejection and type 1 diabetes prevention to evaluate the quality and function of isolated human islets and to identify alternative solutions to the problem of islet scarcity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of islet xenotransplantation experiments from humans to rodents, to organize and analyze the parameters of these experiments, to describe trends in experimental modeling and to assess the viability of this procedure. In this study, we reviewed recently published research regarding islet xenotransplantation from humans to rodents, and we summarized the findings and organized the relevant data. The included studies were recent reports that involved xenotransplantation using human islets in a rodent model. We excluded the studies that related to isotransplantation, autotransplantation and allotransplantation. A total of 34 studies that related to xenotransplantation were selected for review based on their relevance and current data. Advances in the use of different graft sites may overcome autoimmunity and rejection after transplantation, which may solve the problem of the scarcity of islet donors in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ryuchi Iuamoto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Meyer
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Eleazar Chaib
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Solinas G, Becattini B. JNK at the crossroad of obesity, insulin resistance, and cell stress response. Mol Metab 2016; 6:174-184. [PMID: 28180059 PMCID: PMC5279903 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cJun-N-terminal-kinase (JNK) plays a central role in the cell stress response, with outcomes ranging from cell death to cell proliferation and survival, depending on the specific context. JNK is also one of the most investigated signal transducers in obesity and insulin resistance, and studies have identified new molecular mechanisms linking obesity and insulin resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that whereas JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms promote the development of obesity and insulin resistance, JNK3 activity protects from excessive adiposity. Furthermore, current evidence indicates that JNK activity within specific cell types may, in specific stages of disease progression, promote cell tolerance to the stress associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the current literature on the role of JNK in the progression from obesity to insulin resistance, NAFLD, type-2 diabetes, and diabetes complications. MAJOR CONCLUSION Whereas current evidence indicates that JNK1/2 inhibition may improve insulin sensitivity in obesity, the role of JNK in the progression from insulin resistance to diabetes, and its complications is largely unresolved. A better understanding of the role of JNK in the stress response to obesity and type-2 diabetes, and the development of isoform-specific inhibitors with specific tissue distribution will be necessary to exploit JNK as possible drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Barbara Becattini
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Xu YP, Shan XD, Liu YY, Pu Y, Wang CY, Tao QL, Deng Y, Cheng Y, Fan JP. Olfactory epithelium neural stem cell implantation restores noise-induced hearing loss in rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 616:19-25. [PMID: 26777425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to elucidate the restorative effects of olfactory epithelium neural stem cells (oe-NSCs) implantation on noise-induced hearing loss and establish their mechanism of action. METHODS To model hearing loss, rats were subjected to consecutive seven-day noise exposure. Then, oe-NSCs were implanted into cochlear tissue by retroauricular approach. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) method was used to evaluate the hearing function. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to determine cell survival and migration of oe-NSCs. After IL-1β stimulation, nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and NT-4 levels were evaluated in oe-NSCs. The protective action of oe-NSCs against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS oe-NSCs implantation into cochlear tissues ameliorated the noise-induced hearing impairment (p<0.05). After implantation, green fluorescent cells were observed in an even suspension in the lymph fluid of the cochlea, and 65% of the GFP(+) cells reached the cochlear duct wall three days after implantation, but did not expand to the Corti-organ. After IL-1β stimulation, olfactory epithelial stem cell increased their secretion of NGF and NT-3 (p<0.05), but not that of NT-4. TUNEL assay results revealed that oe-NSCs co-culturing with injured neurons reduced the apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSION After transplantation into the inner ear, oe-NSCs not only survived, but also migrated around the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in Rosenthal's canal (RC). Hearing loss induced by noise exposure was restored after oe-NSCs implantation. Mechanically, oe-NSCs secreted NGF and NT-3, which likely contributed to the prevention of neuronal injury. This study provides novel data in support of the effective action of implanted oe-NSCs in the restoration of noise-induced hearing loss in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 463 Military Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Lei Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ping Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Simon-Szabó L, Kokas M, Greff Z, Boros S, Bánhegyi P, Zsákai L, Szántai-Kis C, Vantus T, Mandl J, Bánhegyi G, Vályi-Nagy I, Őrfi L, Ullrich A, Csala M, Kéri G. Novel compounds reducing IRS-1 serine phosphorylation for treatment of diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:424-428. [PMID: 26704265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of various interacting stress kinases, particularly the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and a concomitant phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) at serine 307 play a central role both in insulin resistance and in β-cell dysfunction. IRS-1 phosphorylation is stimulated by elevated free fatty acid levels through different pathways in obesity. A series of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one derivatives were synthesized as potential antidiabetic agents, preventing IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 307 in a cellular model of lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Simon-Szabó
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kokas
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Greff
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Boros
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Tibor Vantus
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Mandl
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kéri
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, Hungary; Vichem Chemie Research Ltd, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
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Noguchi H, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kurima K, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi Y, Matsushita M. Islet Culture/Preservation Before Islet Transplantation. CELL MEDICINE 2015; 8:25-9. [PMID: 26858905 DOI: 10.3727/215517915x689047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although islet culture prior to transplantation provides flexibility for the evaluation of isolated islets and the pretreatment of patients, it is well known that isolated islets deteriorate rapidly in culture. Human serum albumin (HSA) is used for medium supplementation instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is typically used for islet culture research, to avoid the introduction of xenogeneic materials. However, FBS contains several factors that are beneficial to islet viability and which also neutralize the endogenous pancreatic enzymes or exogenous enzymes left over from the isolation process. Several groups have reported the comparison of cultures at 22°C and 37°C. Recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of 4°C preservation to 22°C and 37°C cultures. We herein review the current research on islet culture/preservation for clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kurima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- ‡ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- § Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Noguchi
- ¶ Department of Socio-environmental Design, Hiroshima International University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- # Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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20
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Nacher M, Estil Les E, Garcia A, Nadal B, Pairó M, Garcia C, Secanella L, Novials A, Montanya E. Human Serum Versus Human Serum Albumin Supplementation in Human Islet Pretransplantation Culture: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:343-52. [PMID: 25955150 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence favoring both the use of human serum (HS) and of human serum albumin (HSA) in human islet culture. We evaluated the effects of HS versus HSA supplementation on 1) in vitro β-cell viability and function and 2) in vivo islet graft revascularization, islet viability, β-cell death, and metabolic outcome after transplantation. Islets isolated from 14 cadaveric organ donors were cultured for 3 days in CMRL 1066 medium supplemented with HS or HSA. After 3 days in culture, β-cell apoptosis was lower in HS group (1.41 ± 0.27 vs. 2.38 ± 0.39%, p = 0.029), and the recovery of islets was 77 ± 11% and 54 ± 1% in HS- and HSA-cultured groups, respectively. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was higher in HS group (29.4, range 10.4-99.9, vs. 22.3, range 8.7-70.6, p = 0.031). In vivo viability and revascularization was determined in HS- and HSA-cultured islets transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of Balb/c mice (n = 14), and β-cell apoptosis in paraffin-embedded mouse eyes. Islet viability and β-cell apoptosis were similar in both groups. Revascularization was observed in one graft (HS group) on day 10 after transplantation. Islet function was determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic nude mice (n = 33) transplanted with 2,000 IEQs cultured with HS or HSA that showed similar blood glucose levels and percentage of normoglycemic animals over time. In conclusion, human islets cultured in medium supplemented with HS showed higher survival in vitro, as well as islet viability and function. The higher in vitro survival increased the number of islets available for transplantation. However, the beneficial effect on viability and function did not translate into an improved metabolic evolution when a similar number of HSA- and HS-cultured islets was transplanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Nacher
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-IDIBELLL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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The regulatory roles of NADPH oxidase, intra- and extra-cellular HSP70 in pancreatic islet function, dysfunction and diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:789-803. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) family is important for a dynamic range of cellular processes that include protection against cell stress, modulation of cell signalling, gene expression, protein synthesis, protein folding and inflammation. Within this family, the inducible 72 kDa and the cognate 73 kDa forms are found at the highest level. HSP70 has dual functions depending on location. For example, intracellular HSP70 (iHSP70) is anti-inflammatory whereas extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) has a pro-inflammatory function, resulting in local and systemic inflammation. We have recently identified a divergence in the levels of eHSP70 and iHSP70 in subjects with diabetes compared with healthy subjects and also reported that eHSP70 was correlated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction/death. In the present review, we describe possible mechanisms by which HSP70 participates in cell function/dysfunction, including the activation of NADPH oxidase isoforms leading to oxidative stress, focusing on the possible role of HSPs and signalling in pancreatic islet α- and β-cell physiological function in health and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Fotino C, Molano RD, Ricordi C, Pileggi A. Transdisciplinary approach to restore pancreatic islet function. Immunol Res 2014; 57:210-21. [PMID: 24233663 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The focus of our research is on islet immunobiology. We are exploring novel strategies that could be of assistance in the treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes, as well as in the restoration of metabolic control via transplantation of insulin producing cells (i.e., islet cells). The multiple facets of diabetes and β-cell replacement encompass different complementary disciplines, such as immunology, cell biology, pharmacology, and bioengineering, among others. Through their interaction and integration, a transdisciplinary dimension is needed in order to address and overcome all aspects of the complex puzzle toward a successful clinical translation of a biological cure for diabetes.
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23
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Abdelli S, Papas KK, Mueller KR, Murtaugh MP, Hering BJ, Bonny C. Regulation of the JNK3 signaling pathway during islet isolation: JNK3 and c-fos as new markers of islet quality for transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99796. [PMID: 24983249 PMCID: PMC4077704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress conditions generated throughout pancreatic islet processing initiate the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways and beta-cell destruction. Our goal is to identify relevant and preferably beta-specific markers to assess the activation of beta-cell stress and apoptotic mechanisms, and therefore the general quality of the islet preparation prior to transplantation. Protein expression and activation were analyzed by Western blotting and kinase assays. ATP measurements were performed by a luminescence-based assay. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured based on standard protocols using fiber optic sensors. Total RNA was used for gene expression analyzes. Our results indicate that pancreas digestion initiates a potent stress response in the islets by activating two stress kinases, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38. JNK1 protein levels remained unchanged between different islet preparations and following culture. In contrast, levels of JNK3 increased after islet culture, but varied markedly, with a subset of preparations bearing low JNK3 expression. The observed changes in JNK3 protein content strongly correlated with OCR measurements as determined by the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rho in the matching islet samples, while inversely correlating with c-fos mRNA expression . In conclusion, pancreas digestion recruits JNK and p38 kinases that are known to participate to beta-cell apoptosis. Concomitantly, the islet isolation alters JNK3 and c-fos expression, both strongly correlating with OCR. Thus, a comparative analysis of JNK3 and c-fos expression before and after culture may provide for novel markers to assess islet quality prior to transplantation. JNK3 has the advantage over all other proposed markers to be islet-specific, and thus to provide for a marker independent of non-beta cell contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Abdelli
- Departement of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klearchos K. Papas
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kate R. Mueller
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mike P. Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, St. Paul, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christophe Bonny
- Departement of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 protects beta cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:669-73. [PMID: 22726680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis is important to the etiology of type-1 diabetes. Although previous reports have shown that general inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and trichostatin A, can partially prevent beta-cell death, they do not fully restore beta-cell function. To understand HDAC isoform selectivity in beta cells, we measured the cellular effects of 11 structurally diverse HDAC inhibitors on cytokine-induced apoptosis in the rat INS-1E cell line. All 11 compounds restored ATP levels and reduced nitrite secretion. However, caspase-3 activity was reduced only by MS-275 and CI-994, both of which target HDAC1, 2, and 3. Importantly, both MS-275 and genetic knockdown of Hdac3 alone were sufficient to restore glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of cytokines. These results suggest that HDAC3-selective inhibitors may be effective in preventing cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis.
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Merscher-Gomez S, Guzman J, Pedigo CE, Lehto M, Aguillon-Prada R, Mendez A, Lassenius MI, Forsblom C, Yoo T, Villarreal R, Maiguel D, Johnson K, Goldberg R, Nair V, Randolph A, Kretzler M, Nelson RG, Burke GW, Groop PH, Fornoni A. Cyclodextrin protects podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes 2013; 62:3817-27. [PMID: 23835338 PMCID: PMC3806621 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease despite multifactorial intervention. We demonstrated that increased cholesterol in association with downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 occurs in normal human podocytes exposed to the sera of patients with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria (DKD(+)) when compared with diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (DKD(-)) and similar duration of diabetes and lipid profile. Glomerular downregulation of ABCA1 was confirmed in biopsies from patients with early DKD (n = 70) when compared with normal living donors (n = 32). Induction of cholesterol efflux with cyclodextrin (CD) but not inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with simvastatin prevented podocyte injury observed in vitro after exposure to patient sera. Subcutaneous administration of CD to diabetic BTBR (black and tan, brachiuric) ob/ob mice was safe and reduced albuminuria, mesangial expansion, kidney weight, and cortical cholesterol content. This was followed by an improvement of fasting insulin, blood glucose, body weight, and glucose tolerance in vivo and improved glucose-stimulated insulin release in human islets in vitro. Our data suggest that impaired reverse cholesterol transport characterizes clinical and experimental DKD and negatively influences podocyte function. Treatment with CD is safe and effective in preserving podocyte function in vitro and in vivo and may improve the metabolic control of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Merscher-Gomez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Johanna Guzman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robier Aguillon-Prada
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Armando Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mariann I. Lassenius
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - TaeHyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rodrigo Villarreal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dony Maiguel
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ronald Goldberg
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Viji Nair
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Robert G. Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - George W. Burke
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Corresponding author: Alessia Fornoni,
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Kim H, Kim ND, Lee J, Han G, Sim T. Identification of methyl violet 2B as a novel blocker of focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway in cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:319-24. [PMID: 23817042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling cascade in cancer cells was profoundly inhibited by methyl violet 2B identified with the structure-based virtual screening. Methyl violet 2B was shown to be a non-competitive inhibitor of full-length FAK enzyme vs. ATP. It turned out that methyl violet 2B possesses extremely high kinase selectivity in biochemical kinase profiling using a large panel of kinases. Anti-proliferative activity measurement against several different cancer cells and Western blot analysis showed that this substance is capable of suppressing significantly the proliferation of cancer cells and is able to strongly block FAK/AKT/MAPK signaling pathways in a dose dependent manner at low nanomolar concentration. Especially, phosphorylation of Tyr925-FAK that is required for full activation of FAK was nearly completely suppressed even with 1nM of methyl violet 2B in A375P cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, it has never been reported that methyl violet possesses anti-cancer effects. Moreover, methyl violet 2B significantly inhibited FER kinase phosphorylation that activates FAK in cell. In addition, methyl violet 2B was found to induce cell apoptosis and to exhibit strong inhibitory effects on the focal adhesion, invasion, and migration of A375P cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Taken together, these results show that methyl violet 2B is a novel, potent and selective blocker of FAK signaling cascade, which displays strong anti-proliferative activities against a variety of human cancer cells and suppresses adhesion/migration/invasion of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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Lanuza-Masdeu J, Arévalo MI, Vila C, Barberà A, Gomis R, Caelles C. In vivo JNK activation in pancreatic β-cells leads to glucose intolerance caused by insulin resistance in pancreas. Diabetes 2013; 62:2308-17. [PMID: 23349497 PMCID: PMC3712047 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key condition in the development of type 2 diabetes. It is well established that exacerbated Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activity is involved in promoting insulin resistance in peripheral insulin-target tissues; however, this involvement is less documented in pancreatic β-cells. Using a transgenic mouse model, here we show that JNK activation in β-cells led to glucose intolerance as a result of impaired capacity to increase insulinemia in response to hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islets from these mice showed no obvious morphostructural abnormalities or decreased insulin content. In contrast, these islets failed to secrete insulin in response to glucose or insulin but were competent in succinate-, ketoisocaproate-, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX-), KCl-, and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion. At the molecular level, JNK activation in β-cells inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and transcription of insulin-target genes. Remarkably, rosiglitazone restored insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia in mice and insulin-induced insulin secretion and signaling in isolated islets. In conclusion, the mere activation of JNK suffices to induce insulin resistance in pancreatic β-cells by inhibition of insulin signaling in these cells, but it is not sufficient to elicit β-cell death. In addition, we provide the first evidence that thiazolidinediones exert insulin-sensitizing action directly on pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Lanuza-Masdeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Arévalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vila
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Barberà
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Spain
| | - Carme Caelles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author: Carme Caelles,
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28
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JNK pathway may be involved in isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the hippocampi of neonatal rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 545:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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SoRelle JA, Itoh T, Peng H, Kanak MA, Sugimoto K, Matsumoto S, Levy MF, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. Withaferin A inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced damage to islets in culture and following transplantation. Diabetologia 2013; 56:814-24. [PMID: 23318585 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Beta cell death triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and loss of transplanted islets. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway is a key regulator of beta cell stress response, survival and apoptosis. Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone derived from Withania somnifera, has been demonstrated to be a potent, safe, anti-inflammatory molecule that can inhibit NF-κB signalling. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of WA to protect mouse and human islets from the damaging effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and following intraportal transplantation. METHODS Mouse and human islets were treated with a cytokine cocktail, and NF-κB activation was measured by immunoblots, p65 nuclear translocation and chromatin immunoprecipitation of p65-bound DNA. Intraportal transplantation of a marginal mass of syngeneic mouse islets was performed to evaluate the in vivo protective effect of WA. RESULTS Treatment with WA substantially improved islet engraftment of syngeneic islets (83% for infusion with 200 islets + WA; 0% for 200 islets + vehicle) in a mouse model of diabetes, compared with marginal graft controls with superior islet function in WA-treated mice confirmed by glucose tolerance test. Treatment of human and mouse islets with WA prevented cytokine-induced cell death, inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion and protected islet potency. CONCLUSIONS WA was shown to be a strong inhibitor of the inflammatory response in islets, protecting against cytokine-induced cell damage while improving survival of transplanted islets. These results suggest that WA could be incorporated as an adjunctive treatment to improve islet transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A SoRelle
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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30
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Tan BM, Zammit NW, Yam AO, Slattery R, Walters SN, Malle E, Grey ST. Baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins fine-tune TNF-induced nuclear factor κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:520-32. [PMID: 23250032 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS For beta cells, contact with TNF-α triggers signalling cascades that converge on pathways important for cell survival and inflammation, specifically nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Here, we investigated the function of baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins in regulating TNF signalling cascades. METHODS TNF regulation of Birc genes was studied by mRNA expression and promoter analysis. Birc gene control of cell signalling was studied in beta cell lines, and in islets from Birc2(-/-) and Birc3(-/-) mice, and from Birc3(-/-) Birc2Δ beta cell mice that selectively lack Birc2 and Birc3 (double knockout [DKO]). Islet function was tested by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and transplantation. RESULTS TNF-α selectively induced Birc3 in beta cells, which in turn was sufficient to drive and potentiate NF-κB reporter activity. Conversely, Birc3(-/-) islets exhibited delayed TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation with reduced expression of Ccl2 and Cxcl10. DKO islets showed a further delay in IκBα degradation kinetics. Surprisingly, DKO islets exhibited stimulus-independent and TNF-dependent hyperexpression of TNF target genes A20 (also known as Tnfaip3), Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10. DKO islets showed hyperphosphorylation of the JNK-substrate, c-Jun, while a JNK-antagonist prevented increases of Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 expression. Proteosome blockade of MIN6 cells phenocopied DKO islets. DKO islets showed more rapid loss of glucose homeostasis when challenged with the inflammatory insult of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION BIRC3 provides a feed-forward loop, which, with BIRC2, is required to moderate the normal speed of NF-κB activation. Paradoxically, BIRC2 and BIRC3 act as a molecular brake to rein in activation of the JNK signalling pathway. Thus BIRC2 and BIRC3 fine-tune NF-κB and JNK signalling to ensure transcriptional responses are appropriately matched to extracellular inputs. This control is critical for the beta cell's stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Tan
- Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Noguchi H, Naziruddin B, Jackson A, Shimoda M, Ikemoto T, Fujita Y, Chujo D, Takita M, Peng H, Sugimoto K, Itoh T, Kobayashi N, Onaca N, Levy MF, Matsumoto S. Fresh islets are more effective for islet transplantation than cultured islets. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:517-23. [PMID: 22793060 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x605439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For clinical islet transplantation, isolated islets deteriorate rapidly in culture, although culturing islets prior to transplantation provides flexibility for evaluation of isolated islets and pretreatment of patients. In the present study, we compared human fresh islets to cultured islets with in vitro and in vivo assays. After culture for 24, 48, and 72 h, islet yield significantly decreased from 2,000 to 1,738 ± 26 (13% loss), 1,525 ± 30 (24% loss), or 1,298 ± 18 IEQ (35% loss), respectively. The ATP contents were significantly higher in the 6-h cultured group (near fresh group) than in 48-h culture groups. The stimulation index was relatively higher in the 6-h cultured group than in 48-h cultured group. Human islets with or without culture were transplanted into diabetic nude mice. The attainability of posttransplantation normoglycemia was significantly higher in fresh group than in the culture groups. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) showed that the blood glucose levels of mice transplanted with fresh islets were significantly lower than with cultured islets at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection. These data suggest that human islet transplantation without culture could avoid the deterioration of islets during culture and improve the outcome of islet transplantation. Based on these data, we have transplanted fresh islets without culture for our current clinical islet transplantation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Baylor Research Institute, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Shimoda M, Itoh T, Iwahashi S, Takita M, Sugimoto K, Kanak MA, Chujo D, Naziruddin B, Levy MF, Grayburn PA, Matsumoto S. An effective purification method using large bottles for human pancreatic islet isolation. Islets 2012; 4:398-404. [PMID: 23221740 PMCID: PMC3605168 DOI: 10.4161/isl.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purification process is one of the most difficult procedures in pancreatic islet isolation. It was demonstrated that the standard purification method using a COBE 2991 cell processor with Ficoll density gradient solution harmed islets mechanically by high shear force. We reported that purification using large bottles with a lower viscosity gradient solution could improve the efficacy of porcine islet purification. In this study, we examined whether the new bottle purification method could improve the purification of human islets. Nine human pancreata from brain-dead donors were used. After pancreas digestion, the digested tissue was divided into three groups. Each group was purified by continuous density gradient using ET-Kyoto and iodixanol gradient solution with either the standard COBE method (COBE group) or the top loading (top group) or bottom loading (bottom group) bottle purification methods. Islet yield, purity, recovery rate after purification, and in vitro and in vivo viability were compared. Islet yield per pancreas weight (IE/g) and the recovery rate in the top group were significantly higher than in the COBE and bottom groups. Furthermore, the average size of purified islets in the top group was significantly larger than in the COBE group, which indicated that the bottle method could reduce the shear force to the islets. In vivo viability was also significantly higher in the top group compared with the COBE group. In conclusion, the top-loading bottle method could improve the quality and quantity of human islets after purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimoda
- Baylor University Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
- Baylor Research Institute; Dallas, TX USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Research Institute; National Center for Global Health and Medicine; Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence to: Masayuki Shimoda, and Shinichi Matsumoto,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daisuke Chujo
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Marlon F. Levy
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute; Dallas, TX USA
| | | | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Diabetes Research Center; Research Institute; National Center for Global Health and Medicine; Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence to: Masayuki Shimoda, and Shinichi Matsumoto,
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Thaler R, Zwerina J, Rumpler M, Spitzer S, Gamsjaeger S, Paschalis EP, Klaushofer K, Varga F. Homocysteine induces serum amyloid A3 in osteoblasts via unlocking RGD-motifs in collagen. FASEB J 2012; 27:446-63. [PMID: 23085993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-208058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Homocysteine (Hcys) inhibits collagen cross-linking and consequently decreases bone extracellular matrix (ECM) quality. Serum amyloid A (A-SAA), an acute-phase protein family, plays an important role in chronic and inflammatory diseases and up-regulates MMP13, which plays an important role in bone development and remodeling. Here, we investigate the effect of Hcys on expression of SAA3, a member of the A-SAA gene family, in osteoblasts characterizing underlying mechanisms and possible consequences on bone metabolism. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured up to 21 d with Hcys (low millimolar range) or reseeded onto ECM resulting from untreated or Hcys-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and a discriminative antibody were used to characterize the resulting ECM. Gene expression and signaling pathways were analyzed by gene chip, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Transcriptional regulation of Saa3 was studied by promoter transfection assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Hcys treatment resulted in reduced collagen cross-linking, uncovering of RGD-motifs, and activation of the PTK2-PXN-CTNNB1 pathway followed by RELA activation. These signaling events led to increased SAA3 expression followed by the production of MMP13 and several chemokines, including Ccl5, Ccl2, Cxcl10, and Il6. Our data suggest Saa3 as link between hyperhomocysteinemia and development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Thaler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Fraker CA, Cechin S, Álvarez-Cubela S, Echeverri F, Bernal A, Poo R, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Domínguez-Bendala J. A physiological pattern of oxygenation using perfluorocarbon-based culture devices maximizes pancreatic islet viability and enhances β-cell function. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1723-33. [PMID: 23068091 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional culture vessels are not designed for physiological oxygen (O2) delivery. Both hyperoxia and hypoxia-commonly observed when culturing cells in regular plasticware-have been linked to reduced cellular function and death. Pancreatic islets, used for the clinical treatment of diabetes, are especially sensitive to sub- and supraphysiological O2 concentrations. A result of current culture standards is that a high percentage of islet preparations are never transplanted because of cell death and loss of function in the 24-48 h postisolation. Here, we describe a new culture system designed to provide quasiphysiological oxygenation to islets in culture. The use of dishes where islets rest atop a perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based membrane, coupled with a careful adjustment of environmental O2 concentration to target the islet physiological pO2 range, resulted in dramatic gains in viability and function. These observations underline the importance of approximating culture conditions as closely as possible to those of the native microenvironment, and fill a widely acknowledged gap in our ability to preserve islet functionality in vitro. As stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells are likely to suffer from the same limitations as those observed in real islets, our findings are especially timely in the context of current efforts to define renewable sources for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Fraker
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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35
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Jeon J, Leibiger I, Moede T, Walter B, Faul C, Maiguel D, Villarreal R, Guzman J, Berggren PO, Mundel P, Ricordi C, Merscher-Gomez S, Fornoni A. Dynamin-mediated Nephrin phosphorylation regulates glucose-stimulated insulin release in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28932-42. [PMID: 22718751 PMCID: PMC3436561 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a role for Nephrin in glucose stimulated insulin release (GSIR). We now hypothesize that Nephrin phosphorylation is required for GSIR and that Dynamin influences Nephrin phosphorylation and function. MIN6-C3 Nephrin-deficient pancreatic beta cells and human islets were transfected with WT-Nephrin or with a mutant Nephrin in which the tyrosine residues responsible for SH2 domain binding were substituted with phenylalanine (3YF-Nephrin). GSIR and live images of Nephrin and vesicle trafficking were studied. Immunoprecipitation experiments and overexpression of WT-Dynamin or dominant negative Dynamin mutant (K44A-Dynamin) in WT-Nephrin, 3YF-Nephrin, or Nephrin siRNA-transfected cells were utilized to study Nephrin-Dynamin interaction. In contrast to WT-Nephrin or to single tyrosine mutants, 3YF-Nephrin did not positively affect GSIR and led to impaired cell-cell contacts and vesicle trafficking. K44A-Dynamin prevented the effect of Nephrin on GSIR in the absence of protein-protein interaction between Nephrin and Dynamin. Nephrin gene silencing abolished the positive effects of WT-Dynamin on GSIR. The effects of protamine sulfate and vanadate on Nephrin phosphorylation and GSIR were studied in MIN6 cells and human islets. WT-Nephrin phosphorylation after glucose occurred at Tyr-1176/1193 and resulted in improved GSIR. On the contrary, protamine sulfate-induced phosphorylation at Tyr-1176/1193/1217 was associated with Nephrin degradation and impaired GSIR. Vanadate, which prevented Nephrin dephosphorylation after glucose stimulation, improved GSIR in human islets and MIN6 cells. In conclusion, Dynamin-dependent Nephrin phosphorylation occurs in response to glucose and is necessary for Nephrin-mediated augmentation of GSIR. Pharmacological modulation of Nephrin phosphorylation may thus facilitate pancreatic beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Jeon
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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Abdelli S, Bonny C. JNK3 maintains expression of the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in insulin-secreting cells: functional consequences for insulin signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35997. [PMID: 22563476 PMCID: PMC3341388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that silencing of the brain/islet specific c-Jun N-terminal Kinase3 (JNK3) isoform enhances both basal and cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis, whereas silencing of JNK1 or JNK2 has opposite effects. While it is known that JNK1 or JNK2 may promote apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of the pro-survival Akt pathway, the effect of JNK3 on Akt has not been documented. This study aims to determine the involvement of individual JNKs and specifically JNK3 in the regulation of the Akt signaling pathway in insulin-secreting cells. JNK3 silencing strongly decreases Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 (IRS2) protein expression, and blocks Akt2 but not Akt1 activation by insulin, while the silencing of JNK1 or JNK2 activates both Akt1 and Akt2. Concomitantly, the silencing of JNK1 or JNK2, but not of JNK3, potently phosphorylates the glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3β). JNK3 silencing also decreases the activity of the transcription factor Forkhead BoxO3A (FoxO3A) that is known to control IRS2 expression, in addition to increasing c-Jun levels that are known to inhibit insulin gene expression. In conclusion, we propose that JNK1/2 on one hand and JNK3 on the other hand, have opposite effects on insulin-signaling in insulin-secreting cells; JNK3 protects beta-cells from apoptosis and dysfunction mainly through maintenance of a normal IRS2 to Akt2 signaling pathway. It seems that JNK3 mediates its effects mainly at the transcriptional level, while JNK1 or JNK2 appear to mediate their pro-apoptotic effect in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Abdelli
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Bonny
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Reinecke K, Eminel S, Dierck F, Roessner W, Kersting S, Chromik AM, Gavrilova O, Laukevicience A, Leuschner I, Waetzig V, Rosenstiel P, Herdegen T, Sina C. The JNK inhibitor XG-102 protects against TNBS-induced colitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30985. [PMID: 22427801 PMCID: PMC3302790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-inhibiting peptide D-JNKI-1, syn. XG-102 was tested for its therapeutic potential in acute inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Rectal instillation of the chemical irritant trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) provoked a dramatic acute inflammation in the colon of 7–9 weeks old mice. Coincident subcutaneous application of 100 µg/kg XG-102 significantly reduced the loss of body weight, rectal bleeding and diarrhoea. After 72 h, the end of the study, the colon was removed and immuno-histochemically analysed. XG-102 significantly reduced (i) pathological changes such as ulceration or crypt deformation, (ii) immune cell pathology such as infiltration and presence of CD3- and CD68-positive cells, (iii) the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in colon tissue cultures from TNBS-treated mice, (iv) expression of Bim, Bax, FasL, p53, and activation of caspase 3, (v) complexation of JNK2 and Bim, and (vi) expression and activation of the JNK substrate and transcription factor c-Jun. A single application of subcutaneous XG-102 was at least as effective or even better depending on the outcome parameter as the daily oral application of sulfasalazine used for treatment of IBD. The successful and substantial reduction of the severe, TNBS-evoked intestinal damages and clinical symptoms render the JNK-inhibiting peptide XG-102 a powerful therapeutic principle of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Reinecke
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sevgi Eminel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Wibke Roessner
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Kersting
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ansgar Michael Chromik
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Olga Gavrilova
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ale Laukevicience
- Department of Physiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ivo Leuschner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vicki Waetzig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Herdegen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Moon DO, Choi YH, Kim GY. Role of p21 in SP600125-induced cell cycle arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3249-60. [PMID: 21311948 PMCID: PMC11114892 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer effect of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 has been well evaluated in human cancer cells. However the role of p21 in SP600125-mediated G(2)/M distribution is not fully understood. Our results showed that the transcriptional activation of p21 by SP600125 is mediated through the proximal regions of multiple Sp1 sites in the p21 promoter following ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Sp1. In this process, p21 induces endoreduplication through the inhibition of cyclin E/Cdk2 activity at 24 h but does not directly regulate cyclin B1/Cdc2 activity. Furthermore, SP600125 induces the phosphorylation of p21 at Thr 145 through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of p21 and protection of apoptosis are completely abolished by inhibitors of PI3K and Akt. In summary using time points, we identified the dual functions of p21 as an inhibitor of cell-cycle progression at 24 h and as an anti-apoptotic factor at 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-054 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
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Vargas N, Álvarez-Cubela S, Giraldo JA, Nieto M, Fort NM, Cechin S, García E, Espino-Grosso P, Fraker CA, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J. TAT-mediated transduction of MafA protein in utero results in enhanced pancreatic insulin expression and changes in islet morphology. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22364. [PMID: 21857924 PMCID: PMC3150355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside Pdx1 and Beta2/NeuroD, the transcription factor MafA has been shown to be instrumental in the maintenance of the beta cell phenotype. Indeed, a combination of MafA, Pdx1 and Ngn3 (an upstream regulator of Beta2/NeuroD) was recently reported to lead to the effective reprogramming of acinar cells into insulin-producing beta cells. These experiments set the stage for the development of new strategies to address the impairment of glycemic control in diabetic patients. However, the clinical applicability of reprogramming in this context is deemed to be poor due to the need to use viral vehicles for the delivery of the above factors. Here we describe a recombinant transducible version of the MafA protein (TAT-MafA) that penetrates across cell membranes with an efficiency of 100% and binds to the insulin promoter in vitro. When injected in utero into living mouse embryos, TAT-MafA significantly up-regulates target genes and induces enhanced insulin production as well as cytoarchitectural changes consistent with faster islet maturation. As the latest addition to our armamentarium of transducible proteins (which already includes Pdx1 and Ngn3), the purification and characterization of a functional TAT-MafA protein opens the door to prospective therapeutic uses that circumvent the use of viral delivery. To our knowledge, this is also the first report on the use of protein transduction in utero.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/cytology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pancreas/embryology
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transfection
- Uterus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jaime A. Giraldo
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Margarita Nieto
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M. Fort
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sirlene Cechin
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Enrique García
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pedro Espino-Grosso
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Fraker
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ricardo L. Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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40
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Cechin SR, Pérez-Álvarez I, Fenjves E, Molano RD, Pileggi A, Berggren PO, Ricordi C, Pastori RL. Anti-inflammatory properties of exenatide in human pancreatic islets. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:633-48. [PMID: 21669040 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x576027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exenatide is an analog of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) that is used for the treatment of T2D for their metabolic effects. In addition to its insulinotropic effects, exenatide increases functional islet mass and improves their survival. Improved outcomes have been reported in recent clinical islet transplantation trials for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exenatide has anti-inflammatory properties in human islets. Exenatide treatment improved islet function, significantly reduced content of inflammation-related molecules (tissue factor, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-1β, and IL-2) and caspase 3 activation, whereas increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, STAT3, and Akt in vitro. Immunostaining showed expression of GLP-1R in β-cells but not in α-cells. IL-1β colocalized with GLP-1R in β-cells. Induction of serine proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9) was detected after exposure of human islets to exenatide in vitro and after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. GLP-1 induced PI-9 expression in vitro but to a lower extent than exenatide. This effect was partially blocked by the antagonist exendin-9 in vitro. As assessed by immunostaining PI-9 is mostly expressed in β-cells but not in α-cells. In conclusion, we describe anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of exenatide in human islets. Exenatide-mediated PI-9 expression, the only known granzyme B inhibitor, unveils potential immunoregulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Cechin
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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41
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Jin SM, Kim KS, Lee SY, Gong CH, Park SK, Shin JS, Park CG, Kim SJ. The sequential combination of a JNK inhibitor and simvastatin protects porcine islets from peritransplant apoptosis and inflammation. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:1139-51. [PMID: 21176401 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x550170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal administration of a c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor enhances islet viability. However, its role in reducing the inflammatory response in islets is unknown. It is also unknown whether a JNK inhibitor could act in synergy with statins. We examined if the sequential combination of a JNK inhibitor and simvastatin would reduce islet inflammation and improve islet viability. We performed porcine islet isolation with or without intraductal administration of SP600125, a JNK inhibitor. This was followed by culture medium supplementation with either nicotinamide alone or nicotinamide plus simvastatin. We assessed the viability of islets by flow cytometry, islet loss during overnight culture, graft function in NOD/SCID mice, and expression of inflammation-related genes in islets. The sequential combination of a JNK inhibitor and simvastatin increased the β-cell viability index of porcine islets cultured overnight (p = 0.015) as well as islet viability as assessed by a DNA binding dye staining (p = 0.011). The combination of a JNK inhibitor and simvastatin significantly increased the islet survival rate (p = 0.027) when the histomorphometry of donor pancreas indicated a large islet proportion of greater than 50.55%. When we transplanted the same islet mass per recipient for each group, there was no difference in overall islet graft function. Intraductal administration of JNK inhibitor significantly suppressed mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-8, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1. It also decreased the concentration of IL-1β (p = 0.040) and IL-8 (p = 0.023) in the culture supernatant. In conclusion, the sequential combination of a JNK inhibitor and simvastatin protected porcine islets from peritransplant apoptosis. Inhibition of JNK reduced the inflammatory response and could be considered an alternative target for suppression of porcine islet inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Man Jin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Leibowitz G, Bachar E, Shaked M, Sinai A, Ketzinel-Gilad M, Cerasi E, Kaiser N. Glucose regulation of β-cell stress in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12 Suppl 2:66-75. [PMID: 21029302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, the β-cell is exposed to chronic hyperglycaemia, which increases its metabolic activity, with excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence. ROS accumulation induces both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which may lead to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Recent data suggest that oxidative and ER stress are interconnected, although the mechanisms involved in nutrient regulation of the different stress pathways are dissimilar. Several components of the oxidative and ER stress machineries have important roles in the physiological response to glucose and are thus necessary for normal β-cell function. Glucose stimulates signalling pathways that provide crucial messages for β-cell adaptation to metabolic stress; however, the same pathways may eventually lead to apoptosis. Dynamic, temporally fluctuating activation of stress signalling is probably required for the maintenance of β-cell survival, whereas its persistent activation results in β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Thus, stress signalling is a 'double-edged sword' that may promote adaptation or apoptosis according to the balance between the divergent outputs of the various pathways. Developing new strategies for β-cell protection based on inhibition of oxidative and/or ER stress requires comprehensive understanding of the switch from β-cell adaptation to β-cell apoptosis under conditions of metabolic stress, such as occurs under hyperglycaemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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43
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Chou DHC, Bodycombe NE, Carrinski HA, Lewis TA, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL, Wagner BK. Small-Molecule Suppressors of Cytokine-Induced beta-Cell Apoptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:729-34. [PMID: 20550176 DOI: 10.1021/cb100129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis is a critical event during the development of type-1 diabetes. The identification of small molecules capable of preventing cytokine-induced apoptosis could lead to avenues for therapeutic intervention. We developed a set of phenotypic cell-based assays designed to identify such small-molecule suppressors. Rat INS-1E cells were simultaneously treated with a cocktail of inflammatory cytokines and a collection of 2,240 diverse small molecules and screened using an assay for cellular ATP levels. Forty-nine top-scoring compounds included glucocorticoids, several pyrazole derivatives, and known inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Two compounds were able to increase cellular ATP levels, reduce caspase-3 activity and nitrite production, and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of cytokines. These results indicate that small molecules identified by this screening approach may protect beta cells from autoimmune attack and may be good candidates for therapeutic intervention in early stages of type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Nicole E. Bodycombe
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Hyman A. Carrinski
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Timothy A. Lewis
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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44
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Mita A, Ricordi C, Messinger S, Miki A, Misawa R, Barker S, Molano RD, Haertter R, Khan A, Miyagawa S, Pileggi A, Inverardi L, Alejandro R, Hering BJ, Ichii H. Antiproinflammatory effects of iodixanol (OptiPrep)-based density gradient purification on human islet preparations. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1537-46. [PMID: 20719078 PMCID: PMC3777530 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x516600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet isolation and purification using a continuous density gradient may reduce the volume of tissue necessary for implantation into patients, therefore minimizing the risks associated with intraportal infusion in islet transplantation. On the other hand, the purification procedure might result in a decreased number of islets recovered due to various stresses such as exposure to cytokine/chemokine. While a Ficoll-based density gradient has been widely used in purification for clinical trials, purification with iodixanol (OptiPrep) has been recently reported in islet transplant series with successful clinical outcomes. The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of the purification method using OptiPrep-based and Ficoll-based density gradients. Human islet isolations were performed using a modified automated method. After the digestion phase, pre-purification digests were divided into two groups and purified using a semiautomated cell processor with either a continuous Ficoll- or OptiPrep-based density gradient. The quantity, purity, viability, and cellular composition of islet preparations from each group were assessed. Cytokine/chemokine and tissue factor production from islet preparations after 48-h culture were also measured. Although islet purity, post-purification IEQ, islet recovery rate, FDA/PI, and fractional β-cell viability were comparable, β-cell mass after 48-h culture significantly improved in the OptiPrep group when compared to the Ficoll group. The production of cytokine/chemokine including IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and RANTES but not tissue factor from the OptiPrep group was significantly lower during 48-h culture after isolation. Each preparation contained the similar number of ductal cells and macrophages. Endotoxin level in both gradient medium was also comparable. The purification method using OptiPrep gradient media significantly reduced cytokine/chemokine production but not tissue factor from human islet preparations and improved β-cell survival during pretransplant culture. Our results suggest that the purification method using OptiPrep gradient media may be of assistance in increasing successful islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mita
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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45
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Noguchi H, Matsumoto S, Onaca N, Naziruddin B, Jackson A, Ikemoto T, Shimoda M, Fujita Y, Chujo D, Iwanaga Y, Nagata H, Okitsu T, Kobayashi N, Ueno H, Chaussabel D, Grayburn P, Banchereau J, Levy MF. Ductal injection of JNK inhibitors before pancreas preservation prevents islet apoptosis and improves islet graft function. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:73-85. [PMID: 18925829 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human islet isolation to obtain high-quality islets is still challenging. This study investigates how c-Jun NH2- terminal kinase (JNK ) is activated during human and porcine islet isolation. We also investigated whether ductal injection of preservation solution with JNK inhibitors improves islet isolation results by preventing apoptosis of islet cells. A low molecular weight inhibitor (SP600125) and a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor, the latter introduced by protein transduction technology, were used in porcine and human studies, respectively. JNK activity progressively increased during the isolation procedure. The addition of 10 microM JNK inhibitors into the ductal preservation solution prevented JNK activation during the isolation procedure and prevented islet apoptosis immediately after isolation. We incubated islets (2000 islet equivalents) for 24-48 hr and then transplanted them below the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The blood glucose levels reached normoglycemia in more than 80% of the JNK inhibitor-positive group, whereas less than 20% of the JNK inhibitor-negative group achieved normoglycemia. These findings suggest that the JNK pathway is the major mediator of islet deterioration during/immediately after isolation and that JNK inhibition before islet isolation could improve outcomes after pancreatic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Baylor All Saints Medical Center/Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas/Fort Worth, TX 75204, USA.
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Natalicchio A, De Stefano F, Orlando MR, Melchiorre M, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Labarbuta R, Marchetti P, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Exendin-4 prevents c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and inhibits TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in insulin-secreting cells. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2019-29. [PMID: 20219981 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogs may preserve pancreatic beta-cell mass by promoting resistance to cytokine-mediated apoptosis. The mechanisms of TNFalpha-induced apoptosis and of its inhibition by exendin-4 were investigated in insulin-secreting cells. INS-1 and MIN6 insulinoma cells were exposed to 20 ng/ml TNFalpha, with or without pretreatment with 10 nm exendin-4. Treatment with TNFalpha increased c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) phosphorylation 2-fold, reduced inhibitor-kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) protein content by 50%, induced opposite changes in caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein content, and increased cellular apoptosis. Moreover, exposure to TNFalpha resulted in increased serine phosphorylation of both insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 and reduced basal and insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. However, in the presence of a JNK inhibitor, TNFalpha-induced apoptosis was diminished and serine phosphorylation of IRS proteins was prevented. When cells were pretreated with exendin-4, TNFalpha-induced JNK and IRS-1/2 serine phosphorylation was markedly reduced, Akt phosphorylation was increased, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein levels were restored to normal, and TNFalpha-induced apoptosis was inhibited by 50%. This was associated with a 2-fold increase in IRS-2 expression levels. A similar ability of exendin-4 to prevent TNFalpha-induced JNK phosphorylation was found in isolated pancreatic human islets. The inhibitory effect of exendin-4 on TNFalpha-induced JNK phosphorylation was abrogated in the presence of the protein kinase A inhibitor H89. In conclusion, JNK activation mediates TNFalpha-induced apoptosis and impairment of the IRS/Akt signaling pathway in insulin-secreting cells. By inhibiting JNK phosphorylation in a PKA-dependent manner, exendin-4 counteracts TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis and reverses the inhibitory events in the IRS/Akt pathway, resulting in promotion of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy
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47
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Noguchi H, Naziruddin B, Jackson A, Shimoda M, Ikemoto T, Fujita Y, Chujo D, Takita M, Kobayashi N, Onaca N, Levy MF, Matsumoto S. Low-temperature preservation of isolated islets is superior to conventional islet culture before islet transplantation. Transplantation 2010; 89:47-54. [PMID: 20061918 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181be3bf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although culturing islets before transplantation provides flexibility for evaluation of isolated islets and pretreatment of patients, it is well-known that isolated islets deteriorate rapidly in culture. In this study, we evaluated optimal temperature for culture/preservation of isolated human islets before transplantation. METHODS Isolated islets were cultured or preserved for 48 hr in the following culture/preservation conditions: preservation at 4 degrees C in University of Wisconsin solution and culture at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C in culture medium. RESULTS Islet morphology after 4 degrees C preservation was similar to that of fresh islets, whereas islet diameter after 37 degrees C or 22 degrees C culture was smaller than that of fresh islets. Islet yield significantly decreased at higher temperatures (24% loss in 37 degrees C culture and 19% loss in 22 degrees C culture, but <5% loss in 4 degrees C preservation). Cultured/preserved islets were transplanted into diabetic nude mice. The attainability of posttransplantation normoglycemia was significantly higher in the 4 degrees C preservation group than in 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C culture groups. CONCLUSION Preservation of isolated islets at 4 degrees C improves the outcome of islet transplantation more efficiently than preservation at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Based on these data, we have performed short-time cold storage of isolated islets instead of culturing for current clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Baylor Research Institute, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
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Ploia C, Sclip A, Colombo A, Repici M, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Forloni G, Antoniou X, Borsello T. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in APP Hyperphosphorylation Induced by NMDA Stimulation in Cortical Neurons. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:42-58. [PMID: 27713242 PMCID: PMC3991020 DOI: 10.3390/ph3010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphorylation of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) at Thr668 plays a key role in APP metabolism that is highly relevant to AD. The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) can all be responsible for this phosphorylation. These kinases are activated by excitotoxic stimuli fundamental hallmarks of AD. The exposure of cortical neurons to a high dose of NMDA (100 μM) for 30’-45’ led to an increase of P-APP Thr668. During NMDA stimulation APP hyperphosphorylation has to be assigned to GSK-3β activity, since addition of L803-mts, a substrate competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β reduced APP phosphorylation induced by NMDA. On the contrary, inhibition of JNK and Cdk5 with D-JNKI1 and Roscovitine respectively did not prevent NMDA-induced P-APP increase. These data show a tight connection, in excitotoxic conditions, between APP metabolism and the GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ploia
- Istituto di ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Sclip
- Istituto di ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessio Colombo
- Istituto di ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mariaelena Repici
- UMR 7102 Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs, Universite P. et M. Curie, 9 quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Dipartimento Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Istituto di ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Xanthi Antoniou
- Istituto di ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Istituto di ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
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49
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Fornoni A, Jeon J, Varona Santos J, Cobianchi L, Jauregui A, Inverardi L, Mandic SA, Bark C, Johnson K, McNamara G, Pileggi A, Molano RD, Reiser J, Tryggvason K, Kerjaschki D, Berggren PO, Mundel P, Ricordi C. Nephrin is expressed on the surface of insulin vesicles and facilitates glucose-stimulated insulin release. Diabetes 2010; 59:190-9. [PMID: 19833886 PMCID: PMC2797921 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nephrin, an immunoglobulin-like protein essential for the function of the glomerular podocyte and regulated in diabetic nephropathy, is also expressed in pancreatic beta-cells, where its function remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether diabetes modulates nephrin expression in human pancreatic islets and to explore the role of nephrin in beta-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nephrin expression in human pancreas and in MIN6 insulinoma cells was studied by Western blot, PCR, confocal microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and immunogold labeling. Islets from diabetic (n = 5) and nondiabetic (n = 7) patients were compared. Stable transfection and siRNA knockdown in MIN-6 cells/human islets were used to study nephrin function in vitro and in vivo after transplantation in diabetic immunodeficient mice. Live imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-nephrin-transfected cells was used to study nephrin endocytosis. RESULTS Nephrin was found at the plasma membrane and on insulin vesicles. Nephrin expression was decreased in islets from diabetic patients when compared with nondiabetic control subjects. Nephrin transfection in MIN-6 cells/pseudoislets resulted in higher glucose-stimulated insulin release in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into immunodeficient diabetic mice. Nephrin gene silencing abolished stimulated insulin release. Confocal imaging of GFP-nephrin-transfected cells revealed nephrin endocytosis upon glucose stimulation. Actin stabilization prevented nephrin trafficking as well as nephrin-positive effect on insulin release. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that nephrin is an active component of insulin vesicle machinery that may affect vesicle-actin interaction and mobilization to the plasma membrane. Development of drugs targeting nephrin may represent a novel approach to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fornoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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50
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Meng Z, Lv J, Luo Y, Lin Y, Zhu Y, Nie J, Yang T, Sun Y, Han X. Forkhead box O1/pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 intracellular translocation is regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and involved in prostaglandin E2-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5284-93. [PMID: 19837872 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a well-known mediator of beta-cell dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We recently reported that down-regulation of the Akt pathway activity is implicated in PGE(2)-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. The aim of this study was to further dissect the signaling pathway of this process in pancreatic beta-cell line HIT-T15 cells and primary mouse islets. We found that PGE(2) time-dependently increased the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activity. JNK inhibition by the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 reversed PGE(2)-inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). PGE(2) induced dephosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, leading to nuclear localization and transactivation of FOXO1. Activation of FOXO1 induced nuclear exclusion but had no obvious effect on the whole-cell protein level of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). However, these effects were all attenuated by JNK inhibition. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of dominant-negative (DN)-FOXO1 abolished whereas constitutively active (CA)-FOXO1 mimicked the effects of PGE(2) on GSIS in isolated mouse islets. In addition, we demonstrated that DN-JNK1 but not DN-JNK2 or CA-Akt abolished the PGE(2)-induced AP-1 luciferase reporter activity, whereas DN-JNK1 and CA-Akt but not DN-JNK2 reversed the effect of PGE(2) on FOXO1 transcriptional activity, and overexpression of DN-JNK1 rescued PGE(2)-impaired GSIS in mouse islets. Our results revealed that activation of the JNK is involved in PGE(2)-induced beta-cell dysfunction. PGE(2)-mediated JNK1 activation, through dephosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, leads to nuclear accumulation of FOXO1 and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of PDX1, finally resulting in defective GSIS in pancreatic beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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