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Engin AB. Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:131-166. [PMID: 39287851 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The link between cellular exposure to fatty acid species and toxicity phenotypes remains poorly understood. However, structural characterization and functional profiling of human plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis has revealed that FFAs are located either in the toxic cluster or in the cluster that is transcriptionally responsive to lipotoxic stress and creates genetic risk factors. Genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen has identified more than 350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obese adipose are both unable to expand further to store excess lipids in the diet and are resistant to the antilipolytic action of insulin. In addition to lipolysis, the inability of packaging the excess lipids into lipid droplets causes circulating fatty acids to reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of accumulated lipid in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. Although triglycerides serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acid and their products such as ceramide and diacylglycerols (DAGs), overloading of palmitic acid fraction of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) raises ceramide levels. The excess DAG and ceramide load create harmful effects on multiple organs and systems, inducing chronic inflammation in obesity. Thus, lipotoxic inflammation results in β cells death and pancreatic islets dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 signaling in adipocytes. However, palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy axis in hypertrophic adipocytes is a pro-survival mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by SFAs. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes are mediators of lipotoxicity, and inhibiting these enzymes has therapeutic potential for lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity increases the number of autophagosomes, which engulf palmitic acid, and thus suppress the autophagic turnover. Fatty acid desaturation promotes palmitate detoxification and storages into triglycerides. As therapeutic targets of glucolipotoxicity, in addition to caloric restriction and exercise, there are four different pharmacological approaches, which consist of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands thiazolidinediones, and chaperones are still used in clinical practice. Furthermore, induction of the brown fat-like phenotype with the mixture of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appears as a potential therapeutic application for treatment of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Lim JJ, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Yip WCY, Lu LW, Miles-Chan JL, Poppitt SD. Intra-pancreatic fat is associated with high circulating glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations following whey protein ingestion in overweight women with impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111084. [PMID: 38154534 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) while hypothesised to impair beta-cell function, its impact on alpha-cells remains unclear. We evaluated the association between IPFD and markers of pancreatic cells function using whey protein. METHODS Twenty overweight women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and low or high IPFD (<4.66% vs ≥4.66%) consumed 3 beverage treatments: 0 g (water control), 12.5 g (low-dose) and 50.0 g (high-dose) whey protein, after an overnight fast, in randomised order. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastric-inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin were analysed postprandially over 4 h. Incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC), incremental maximum concentration (iCmax), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) for these were compared between IPFD groups using repeated measures linear mixed models, also controlled for age (pcov). RESULTS iAUC and iCmax glucose and insulin while similar between the two IPFD groups, high IPFD and ageing contributed to higher postprandial glucagon (iAUC: p = 0.012; pcov = 0.004; iCmax: p = 0.069; pcov = 0.021) and GLP-1 (iAUC: p = 0.006; pcov = 0.064; iCmax: p = 0.011; pcov = 0.122) concentrations. CONCLUSION In our cohort, there was no evidence that IPFD impaired protein-induced insulin secretion. Conversely, IPFD may be associated with increased protein-induced glucagon secretion, a novel observation which warrants further investigation into its relevance in the pathogenesis of dysglycaemia and type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiet Lim
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wilson C Y Yip
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise W Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Madhu SV. Defying the Odds: Conquering Prediabetes for a Diabetes-Free Tomorrow. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 27:273-276. [PMID: 37867977 PMCID: PMC10586560 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.388224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Kantartzis K, Fritsche A, Birkenfeld AL. [Prediabetes as a therapeutic challenge in internal medicine]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00108-023-01546-6. [PMID: 37328664 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The term prediabetes describes a fasting blood glucose level that is elevated but not yet in the diabetic range, a blood glucose level that is elevated after 120 min in a standard 75‑g oral glucose tolerance test, or both. The American Diabetes Association definition also includes glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c). The incidence of prediabetes is rapidly increasing. Progression from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes is a continuous process. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction, the simultaneous presence of which characterizes manifest diabetes, are already present in the prediabetic stage. Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of diabetes; however, by no means all people with prediabetes go on to develop diabetes. Nevertheless, the identification of an increased risk of diabetes is still relevant insofar as it requires the adoption of diabetes prevention measures. Structured lifestyle intervention has been shown to be the most effective strategy for treating prediabetes. To increase its efficiency, it should, as far as possible, be made exclusively available to those people on whom it is most likely to confer a benefit. This would make it necessary to stratify people with prediabetes according to their risk profile. In a population of people at increased risk of diabetes (Tübingen Diabetes Family Study), a cluster analysis was performed, resulting in six clusters/subgroups. Within these, three high-risk subgroups were identified: Two of these risk groups show predominant insulin secretory dysfunction or predominant insulin resistance and high diabetes and cardiovascular risk. The third group shows a high risk of nephropathy and high mortality, but a comparatively lower diabetes risk. In general, prediabetes cannot yet be treated in a targeted pathophysiologically oriented manner. The new classification of prediabetes-based on pathophysiology-is now opening up new avenues for diabetes prevention. Current and future studies should confirm the assumption that the effectiveness of established, or not yet established, preventive measures depends on the respective subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Institut für Diabetesforschung und Metabolische Erkrankungen (IDM) des Helmholtz Zentrums München an der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Deutschland.
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Innere Medizin IV, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institut für Diabetesforschung und Metabolische Erkrankungen (IDM) des Helmholtz Zentrums München an der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Innere Medizin IV, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institut für Diabetesforschung und Metabolische Erkrankungen (IDM) des Helmholtz Zentrums München an der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Innere Medizin IV, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
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Patarrão RS, Duarte N, Coelho I, Ward J, Ribeiro RT, Meneses MJ, Andrade R, Costa J, Correia I, Boavida JM, Duarte R, Gardete-Correia L, Medina JL, Pell J, Petrie J, Raposo JF, Macedo MP, Penha-Gonçalves C. Prediabetes blunts DPP4 genetic control of postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2022; 65:861-871. [PMID: 35190847 PMCID: PMC8960640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Imbalances in glucose metabolism are hallmarks of clinically silent prediabetes (defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) representing dysmetabolism trajectories leading to type 2 diabetes. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a clinically proven molecular target of diabetes-controlling drugs but the DPP4 gene control of dysglycaemia is not proven. METHODS We dissected the genetic control of post-OGTT and insulin release responses by the DPP4 gene in a Portuguese population-based cohort of mainly European ancestry that comprised individuals with normoglycaemia and prediabetes, and in mouse experimental models of Dpp4 deficiency and hyperenergetic diet. RESULTS In individuals with normoglycaemia, DPP4 single-nucleotide variants governed glycaemic excursions (rs4664446, p=1.63x10-7) and C-peptide release responses (rs2300757, p=6.86x10-5) upon OGTT. Association with blood glucose levels was stronger at 30 min OGTT, but a higher association with the genetic control of insulin secretion was detected in later phases of the post-OGTT response, suggesting that the DPP4 gene directly senses glucose challenges. Accordingly, in mice fed a normal chow diet but not a high-fat diet, we found that, under OGTT, expression of Dpp4 is strongly downregulated at 30 min in the mouse liver. Strikingly, no genetic association was found in prediabetic individuals, indicating that post-OGTT control by DPP4 is abrogated in prediabetes. Furthermore, Dpp4 KO mice provided concordant evidence that Dpp4 modulates post-OGTT C-peptide release in normoglycaemic but not dysmetabolic states. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results showed the DPP4 gene as a strong determinant of post-OGTT levels via glucose-sensing mechanisms that are abrogated in prediabetes. We propose that impairments in DPP4 control of post-OGTT insulin responses are part of molecular mechanisms underlying early metabolic disturbances associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Patarrão
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rogério T Ribeiro
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Andrade
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Boavida
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Duarte
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Gardete-Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jill Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - João F Raposo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Fatty Pancreas-Centered Metabolic Basis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: From Obesity, Diabetes and Pancreatitis to Oncogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030692. [PMID: 35327494 PMCID: PMC8945032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer, and it is currently the third most common cause of cancer death in the U.S.A. Progress in the fight against PDAC has been hampered by an inability to detect it early in the overwhelming majority of patients, and also by the reduced oxygen levels and nutrient perfusion caused by new matrix formation through the activation of stromal cells in the context of desmoplasia. One harbinger of PDAC is excess intrapancreatic fat deposition, namely, fatty pancreas, which specifically affects the tumor macro- and microenvironment in the organ. Over half of PDAC patients have diabetes mellitus (DM) at the time of diagnosis, and fatty pancreas is associated with subsequent DM development. Moreover, there is a strong association between fatty pancreas and fatty liver through obesity, and a higher intrapancreatic fat percentage has been noted in acute pancreatitis patients with DM than in those without DM. All these findings suggest that the link between fatty pancreas and PDAC might occur through metabolic alterations, either DM-related or non-DM-related. Based on clinical, in vivo and in vitro evidence, the current review highlights the etiologies of fatty pancreas (including fatty infiltration and replacement) and the fatty pancreas-associated metabolic alterations involved in oncogenesis to provide crucial targets to prevent, detect, and/or effectively treat PDAC.
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Oberhauser L, Maechler P. Lipid-Induced Adaptations of the Pancreatic Beta-Cell to Glucotoxic Conditions Sustain Insulin Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:324. [PMID: 35008750 PMCID: PMC8745448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity emerged as established mechanisms participating in the pathophysiology of obesity-related type 2 diabetes in general, and in the loss of β-cell function in particular. However, these terms hold various potential biological processes, and it is not clear what precisely they refer to and to what extent they might be clinically relevant. In this review, we discuss the basis and the last advances of research regarding the role of free fatty acids, their metabolic intracellular pathways, and receptor-mediated signaling related to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as well as lipid-induced β-cell dysfunction. We also describe the role of chronically elevated glucose, namely, glucotoxicity, which promotes failure and dedifferentiation of the β cell. Glucolipotoxicity combines deleterious effects of exposures to both high glucose and free fatty acids, supposedly provoking synergistic defects on the β cell. Nevertheless, recent studies have highlighted the glycerolipid/free fatty acid cycle as a protective pathway mediating active storage and recruitment of lipids. Finally, we discuss the putative correspondence of the loss of functional β cells in type 2 diabetes with a natural, although accelerated, aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Vazquez-Aguilar LA, Biel-Glesson S, Fernandez-Navarro JR, Espejo-Calvo JA, Olmo-Peinado JM, de la Torre R, Fito-Colomer M, Covas MI, Romero C, Brenes M, Martinez de Victoria E, Gil A, Mesa MD. May bioactive compounds from the olive fruit improve the postprandial insulin response in healthy adults? J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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von Loeffelholz C, Coldewey SM, Birkenfeld AL. A Narrative Review on the Role of AMPK on De Novo Lipogenesis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Evidence from Human Studies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071822. [PMID: 34359991 PMCID: PMC8306246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. The heterotrimeric AMPK protein comprises three subunits, each of which has multiple phosphorylation sites, playing an important role in the regulation of essential molecular pathways. By phosphorylation of downstream proteins and modulation of gene transcription AMPK functions as a master switch of energy homeostasis in tissues with high metabolic turnover, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Regulation of AMPK under conditions of chronic caloric oversupply emerged as substantial research target to get deeper insight into the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Evidence supporting the role of AMPK in NAFLD is mainly derived from preclinical cell culture and animal studies. Dysbalanced de novo lipogenesis has been identified as one of the key processes in NAFLD pathogenesis. Thus, the scope of this review is to provide an integrative overview of evidence, in particular from clinical studies and human samples, on the role of AMPK in the regulation of primarily de novo lipogenesis in human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Loeffelholz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9323-177; Fax: +49-3641-9323-102
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Diabetology Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Therapy of Diabetes, Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases in the Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
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Barbu E, Popescu MR, Popescu AC, Balanescu SM. Phenotyping the Prediabetic Population-A Closer Look at Intermediate Glucose Status and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6864. [PMID: 34202289 PMCID: PMC8268766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the new thresholds for defining prediabetes have been around for more than ten years, there is still controversy surrounding the precise characterization of this intermediate glucose metabolism status. The risk of developing diabetes and macro and microvascular disease linked to prediabetes is well known. Still, the prediabetic population is far from being homogenous, and phenotyping it into less heterogeneous groups might prove useful for long-term risk assessment, follow-up, and primary prevention. Unfortunately, the current definition of prediabetes is quite rigid and disregards the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and their potential metabolic progression towards overt disease. In addition, prediabetes is commonly associated with a cluster of risk factors that worsen the prognosis. These risk factors all revolve around a common denominator: inflammation. This review focuses on identifying the population that needs to be screened for prediabetes and the already declared prediabetic patients who are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and require closer monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela-Roxana Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Andreea-Catarina Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (S.-M.B.)
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Du X, Tao Q, Du H, Zhao Z, Dong Y, He S, Shao R, Wang Y, Han W, Wang X, Zhu Y. Tengdan Capsule Prevents Hypertensive Kidney Damage in SHR by Inhibiting Periostin-Mediated Renal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638298. [PMID: 34084130 PMCID: PMC8167194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension-induced renal damage is a serious and complex condition that has not been effectively treated by conventional blood pressure-lowering drugs. Tengdan capsule (TDC) is a China FDA-approved compound herbal medicine for treating hypertension; however, its chemical basis and pharmacological efficacy have not been fully investigated in a preclinical setting. METHODS: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the major chemical components of TDC extracted from ultrapure water. Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age/sex-matched Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY) were both treated with TDC, losartan, or saline for one month, and their blood pressure (BP) was monitored at the same time by tail-cuff BP system. Biochemical indexes such as urine creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. Kidney tissue sections were examined with (H&E), and Masson staining to evaluate the pathological effect of TDC on SHR’s kidneys. After TDC treatment, the differentially expressed proteins in the kidneys of SHR were identified by the TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis, which may provide the targets and possible mechanisms of TDC action. In addition, Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, and ELISA assays were carried out to further verify the proteomics findings. Finally, two different models involving in vitro renal injuries were established using human kidney HEK293 cells; and the molecular mechanism of TDC kidney protection was demonstrated. RESULTS: Seven chemical compounds, namely Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside RG1, Ginsenoside Re, Ginsenoside Rb1, Sodium Danshensu, Protocatechualdehyde, and Salvianolic acid B, were identified and quantified from the water-soluble extracts of TDC by HPLC. In vivo study using rats showed that TDC effectively reduced BP, BUN, and CRE levels and attenuated renal fibrosis in SHR, and ameliorated damage to the kidneys. Proteomics and subsequent bioinformatics analyses indicated that periostin-mediated inflammatory response and TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway proteins were closely related to the therapeutic effect of TDC in rat kidneys. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR showed that TDC markedly downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of periostin in renal tissues compared to the untreated SHR. In addition, TGF-β and COL1A1 mRNA levels also decreased in SHR renal tissues following TDC treatment. In vitro studies showed that low to medium doses of TDC down-regulated the expression of periostin in the injury model of HEK293 cell. In addition, medium to high doses of TDC significantly inhibited collagen deposition in TGFβ1-induced HEK293 cell fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Major components from the compound herbal medicine Tengdan Capsule are identified and quantified. TDC effectively lowers blood pressure and protects against renal damage caused by hypertension in SHR. Mechanistically, TDC blocks periostin by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the kidney, both in vivo and in vitro. Preventing periostin-mediated renal fibrosis and inflammation might be a promising strategy for treating a hypertensive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Du
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Tao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenbang Zhao
- Department of pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yule Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenrun Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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12
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Rachfal AW, Grant SFA, Schwartz SS. The Diabetes Syndrome - A Collection of Conditions with Common, Interrelated Pathophysiologic Mechanisms. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:923-936. [PMID: 33776471 PMCID: PMC7987256 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s305156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The four basic pathophysiologic mechanisms which damage the β-cell within diabetes (ie, genetic and epigenetic changes, inflammation, an abnormal environment, and insulin resistance [IR]) also contribute to cell and tissue damage and elevate the risk of developing all typical diabetes-related complications. Genetic susceptibility to damage from abnormal external and internal environmental factors has been described including inflammation and IR. All these mechanisms can promote epigenetic changes, and in total, these pathophysiologic mechanisms interact and react with each other to cause damage to cells and tissues ultimately leading to disease. Importantly, these pathophysiologic mechanisms also serve to link other common conditions including cancer, dementia, psoriasis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The “Diabetes Syndrome”, an overarching group of interrelated conditions linked by these overlapping mechanisms, can be viewed as a conceptual framework that can facilitate understanding of the inter-relationships of superficially disparate conditions. Recognizing the association of the conditions within the Diabetes Syndrome due to common pathophysiologies has the potential to provide both benefit to the patient (eg, prevention, early detection, precision medicine) and to the advancement of medicine (eg, driving education, research, and dynamic decision-based medical practice).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley S Schwartz
- Stanley Schwartz MD, LLC, Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, PA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Neue Subtypen bei Prädiabetes. DIABETOLOGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11428-020-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Wingrove JO, O'Daly O, Forbes B, Swedrowska M, Amiel SA, Zelaya FO. Intranasal insulin administration decreases cerebral blood flow in cortico-limbic regions: A neuropharmacological imaging study in normal and overweight males. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:175-185. [PMID: 33026175 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess and compare the effects of 160 IU intranasal insulin (IN-INS) administration on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy male individuals with normal weight and overweight phenotypes. METHODS Thirty young male participants (mean age 25.9 years) were recruited and stratified into two cohorts based on body mass index: normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) and overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2 ). On separate mornings participants received 160 IU of IN-INS using an intranasal protocol and intranasal placebo as part of a double-blind crossover design. Thirty minutes following administration rCBF data were collected using a magnetic resonance imaging method called pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling. Blood samples were collected to assess insulin sensitivity and changes over time in peripheral glucose, insulin and C-peptide. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity did not significantly differ between groups. Compared with placebo, IN-INS administration reduced rCBF in parts of the hippocampus, insula, putamen, parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in the overweight group. No effect was seen in the normal weight group. Insula rCBF was greater in the overweight group versus normal weight only under placebo conditions. Peripheral glucose and insulin levels were not affected by IN-INS. C-peptide levels in the normal weight group decreased significantly over time following IN-INS administration but not placebo. CONCLUSION Insulin-induced changes within key regions of the brain involved in gustation, memory and reward were observed in overweight healthy male individuals. Following placebo administration, differences in gustatory rCBF were observed between overweight and normal weight healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed O Wingrove
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College Hospital Campus, Weston Education Central, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Magda Swedrowska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College Hospital Campus, Weston Education Central, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
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15
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BMP7 overexpression in adipose tissue induces white adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:449-460. [PMID: 33110143 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES During obesity, hypertrophic enlargement of white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes ectopic lipid deposition and development of insulin resistance. In contrast, WAT hyperplasia is associated with preservation of insulin sensitivity. The complex network of factors that regulates white adipogenesis is not fully understood. Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) can induce brown adipogenesis, but its role on white adipogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we assessed BMP7-mediated effects on white adipogenesis in ob/ob mice. METHODS BMP7 was overexpressed in either WAT or liver of ob/ob mice using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Analysis of gene expression, histological and morphometric alterations, and metabolites and hormones concentrations were carried out. RESULTS Overexpression of BMP7 in adipocytes of subcutaneous and visceral WAT increased fat mass, the proportion of small-size adipocytes and the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte genes, suggesting induction of adipogenesis irrespective of fat depot. These changes were associated with reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity. In contrast, liver-specific overproduction of BMP7 did not promote WAT hyperplasia despite BMP7 circulating levels were similar to those achieved after genetic engineering of WAT. CONCLUSIONS This study unravels a new autocrine/paracrine role of BMP7 on white adipogenesis and highlights that BMP7 may modulate WAT plasticity and increase insulin sensitivity.
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16
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17
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Brain insulin sensitivity is linked to adiposity and body fat distribution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1841. [PMID: 32296068 PMCID: PMC7160151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin action regulates eating behavior and energy fluxes throughout the body. However, numerous people are brain insulin resistant. How brain insulin responsiveness affects long-term weight and body fat composition in humans is still unknown. Here we show that high brain insulin sensitivity before lifestyle intervention associates with a more pronounced reduction in total and visceral fat during the program. High brain insulin sensitivity is also associated with less regain of fat mass during a nine year follow-up. Cross-sectionally, strong insulin responsiveness of the hypothalamus associates with less visceral fat, while subcutaneous fat is unrelated. Our results demonstrate that high brain insulin sensitivity is linked to weight loss during lifestyle intervention and associates with a favorable body fat distribution. Since visceral fat is strongly linked to diabetes, cardiovascular risk and cancer, these findings have implications beyond metabolic diseases and indicate the necessity of strategies to resolve brain insulin resistance. Brain insulin action regulates eating behavior and whole-body energy fluxes, however the impact of brain insulin resistance on long-term weight and body fat composition is unknown. Here, the authors show that high brain insulin sensitivity is linked to weight loss during lifestyle intervention and associates with a favorable body fat distribution.
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18
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Gómez-Peralta F, Abreu C, Cos X, Gómez-Huelgas R. When does diabetes start? Early detection and intervention in type2 diabetes mellitus. Rev Clin Esp 2020; 220:305-314. [PMID: 32107016 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a progressive disease whose pathophysiological changes occur several years before its detection. An approach based on the pathophysiological development of DM2 and its complications emphasises the importance of early and intensive intervention, not only to prevent beta-cell dysfunction but also to act on the potential associated cardiovascular risk factors before reaching the blood glucose thresholds currently set for diagnosing DM2. In the field of recently diagnosed DM2, the VERIFY study has shown that early treatment combined with metformin-vildagliptin provides relevant improvements in long-term glycaemic control and can positively affect the disease's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gómez-Peralta
- Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, España.
| | - C Abreu
- Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, España
| | - X Cos
- Innovation and Health in Primary Care Barcelona City, Gerència Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España; Fundació Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, España
| | - R Gómez-Huelgas
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, España
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19
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Li HH, Wang JM, Ji YX, Lin L, Li SW, Cai D, Huang S, Hua F, Liu XZ. Association of Visceral Adiposity Surrogates with Impaired Fasting Glucose in Nonobese Individuals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:128-133. [PMID: 31999502 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonobese individuals with disproportionate body fat distribution are also vulnerable to dysglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the association between three visceral adiposity surrogates and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in nonobese Chinese individuals. Methods: A total of 70,200 nonobese adults without diabetes were included in this analysis. Two diagnostic criteria (IFG-ADA and IFG-WHO) were used to define IFG. The values of the visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product index (LAP), and cardiometabolic index (CMI) were calculated. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between these surrogates and IFG. Results: Among the three indicators, only LAP and CMI were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (all P < 0.001). After fully adjusting for confounders, only LAP and CMI exhibited significant associations with IFG. For women, the odds ratios (ORs) for IFG-ADA in the highest quartile of the LAP and CMI were 1.967 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.645-2.353) and 1.594 (95% CI: 1.383-1.836), respectively; and were 2.025 (95% CI: 1.597-2.567) and 2.017 (95% CI: 1.647-2.470), respectively, for IFG-WHO (all P < 0.001). For men, the ORs for IFG-ADA of the LAP and CMI were 1.503 (95% CI: 1.233-1.833) and 2.045 (95% CI: 1.752-2.388), respectively; and were 1.534 (95% CI: 1.174-2.005) and 2.541 (95% CI: 2.025-3.188), respectively, for IFG-WHO (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: The LAP and CMI, cost-effective and simple visceral adiposity surrogates, are strongly associated with IFG in nonobese Chinese individuals. These surrogates might be potential targets to monitor for the recognition and management of excess visceral adiposity in nonobese individuals with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Departmemt of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Min Wang
- Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xin Ji
- Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Wen Li
- Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Cai
- Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Departmemt of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhen Liu
- Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Porcine models for studying complications and organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:341-378. [PMID: 31932949 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is rapidly increasing not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Diabetes is associated with macrovascular complications increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke, as well as microvascular complications leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Animal models are essential for studying disease mechanisms and for developing and testing diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies. Rodent models are most widely used but have limitations in translational research. Porcine models have the potential to bridge the gap between basic studies and clinical trials in human patients. This article provides an overview of concepts for the development of porcine models for diabetes and obesity research, with a focus on genetically engineered models. Diabetes-associated ocular, cardiovascular and renal alterations observed in diabetic pig models are summarized and their similarities with complications in diabetic patients are discussed. Systematic multi-organ biobanking of porcine models of diabetes and obesity and molecular profiling of representative tissue samples on different levels, e.g., on the transcriptome, proteome, or metabolome level, is proposed as a strategy for discovering tissue-specific pathomechanisms and their molecular key drivers using systems biology tools. This is exemplified by a recent study providing multi-omics insights into functional changes of the liver in a transgenic pig model for insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. Collectively, these approaches will provide a better understanding of organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus and eventually reveal new molecular targets for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
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21
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Hammouda SAI, Mumena WA. Reduced serum concentrations of vitamin B 12 and folate and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone and homocysteine levels in first-trimester pregnant Saudi women with high A1C concentrations. Nutr Res 2019; 72:105-110. [PMID: 31780201 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the risk factors for diabetes can lead to proper prevention of this devastating metabolic abnormality. It is hypothesized that diabetes pathogenesis is linked to complex metabolic abnormalities involving homocysteine (HCY) pathways and affecting B12, folate, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the associations between serum concentrations of vitamin B12, folate, TSH, and HCY in pregnant women with normal glycemic control, diabetes, or prediabetes. This cross-sectional study included 1159 healthy first-trimester pregnant women who were randomly selected from antenatal clinics in 2 hospitals and 21 health care centers across Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data collected included clinical history and blood sample analyses for serum folate, vitamin B12, TSH, HCY, and glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Participants were classified with normal A1C (<5.7%), prediabetes (≥5.7 and <6.5%), or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (≥6.5%). Results revealed that 79.5% of the participants had normal A1C levels, whereas 19.3% and 1.21% had A1C levels in prediabetic and diabetic ranges, respectively. Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate were lower in prediabetes subjects than in participants with normal A1C concentrations, whereas serum concentrations of TSH and HCY were significantly higher. There was a strong negative correlation among the concentrations of A1C, vitamin B12, and folate, whereas positive correlations among A1C, TSH, and HCY were reported. Regression analysis identified TSH as having the strongest impact on A1C concentrations. These complex metabolic changes that occur at the prediabetic stage that involve TSH, HCY, folate, and vitamin B12 might direct research on diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A Ibrahim Hammouda
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Higgins PB, Folli F, Andrade MCR, Foster J, Mattern V, Paroni R, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Voruganti VS, Kumar S, Guardado-Mendoza R, Bulfamante G, Fiorina P, Pontiroli AE, Hubbard GB, Owston M, Dick EJ, Comuzzie AG. Duodenal adipose tissue is associated with obesity in baboons (Papio sp): a novel site of ectopic fat deposition in non-human primates. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:227-236. [PMID: 30673859 PMCID: PMC6691506 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ectopic fat is a recognized contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, while the role of fat deposition inside intestinal wall tissue remains understudied. We undertook this study to directly quantify and localize intramural fat deposition in duodenal tissue and determine its association with adiposity. METHODS Duodenal tissues were collected from aged (21.2 ± 1.3 years, 19.5 ± 3.1 kg, n = 39) female baboons (Papio sp.). Fasted blood was collected for metabolic profiling and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements were taken. Primary tissue samples were collected at the major duodenal papilla at necropsy: one full cross section was processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and evaluated; a second full cross section was processed for direct chemical lipid analysis on which percentage duodenal fat content was calculated. RESULTS Duodenal fat content obtained by direct tissue quantification showed considerable variability (11.95 ± 6.93%) and was correlated with AC (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.38, p = 0.02), leptin (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), adiponectin (r = - 0.32, p < 0.05), and triglyceride (r = 0.41, p = 0.01). The relationship between duodenal fat content and leptin remained after adjusting for body weight and abdominal circumference. Intramural adipocytes were found in duodenal sections from all animals and were localized to the submucosa. Consistent with the variation in tissue fat content, the submucosal adipocytes were non-uniformly distributed in clusters of varying size. Duodenal adipocytes were larger in obese vs. lean animals (106.9 vs. 66.7 µm2, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Fat accumulation inside the duodenal wall is strongly associated with adiposity and adiposity related circulating biomarkers in baboons. Duodenal tissue fat represents a novel and potentially metabolically active site of ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Higgins
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA.
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- UOSD of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marcia C R Andrade
- Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaydee Foster
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA
| | - Vicki Mattern
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Science, University of Milano, Via A. di Rudini' 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gene B Hubbard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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23
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Fritsche L, Sarief M, Wagner R, Stefan N, Lehmann R, Häring HU, Grallert H, Fritsche A, Lechner A. Genetic variation in TCF7L2 rs7903146 and history of GDM negatively and independently impact on diabetes-associated metabolic traits. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 146:251-257. [PMID: 30419301 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gestational diabetes (GDM) is recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) later in life. Risk allele carriers at TCF7L2 rs7903146 have increased susceptibility for both GDM and T2DM. We hypothesized that carrying TCF7L2 risk alleles would further aggravate the negative impact of a positive history for GDM on metabolic traits related to T2DM later in life. METHODS 210 women with a confirmed history of gestational diabetes and 810 controls without evidence for GDM underwent standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Liver fat was quantified in a subset of subjects (n = 444) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS 504 women were homozygous or heterozygous risk allele carriers. The risk allele carriers had a higher risk for GDM (p = 0.0076, OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11-2.06). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that both a history of GDM, or carrying a TCF7L2 risk allele resulted in lower insulin secretion, impaired proinsulin processing and higher fasting and 2-hour glucose levels. Liver fat content was not associated with either a history of GDM or a TCF7L2 risk genotype. There was no significant interaction (all p > 0.05) between history of GDM and TCF7L2 risk alleles on all diabetes-associated metabolic traits tested. CONCLUSION The TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism is a risk factor for gestational diabetes. However, the additional presence of TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk alleles does not further aggravate the negative impact of a history of gestational diabetes on metabolic traits related to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Angiology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhardt Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Sarief
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Angiology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhardt Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Angiology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhardt Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Angiology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhardt Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Angiology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhardt Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Angiology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhardt Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lechner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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Abu‐Toamih Atamni HJ, Botzman M, Mott R, Gat‐Viks I, Iraqi FA. Mapping novel genetic loci associated with female liver weight variations using Collaborative Cross mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:212-220. [PMID: 30891567 PMCID: PMC6388055 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver weight is a complex trait, controlled by polygenic factors and differs within populations. Dissecting the genetic architecture underlying these variations will facilitate the search for key role candidate genes involved directly in the hepatomegaly process and indirectly involved in related diseases etiology. METHODS Liver weight of 506 mice generated from 39 different Collaborative Cross (CC) lines with both sexes at age 20 weeks old was determined using an electronic balance. Genomic DNA of the CC lines was genotyped with high-density single nucleotide polymorphic markers. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) variation of liver weight between the CC lines, with broad sense heritability (H 2) of 0.32 and genetic coefficient of variation (CVG) of 0.28. Subsequently, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed, and results showed a significant QTL only for females on chromosome 8 at genomic interval 88.61-93.38 Mb (4.77 Mb). Three suggestive QTL were mapped at chromosomes 4, 12 and 13. The four QTL were designated as LWL1-LWL4 referring to liver weight loci 1-4 on chromosomes 8, 4, 12 and 13, respectively. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this report presents, for the first time, the utilization of the CC for mapping QTL associated with baseline liver weight in mice. Our findings demonstrate that liver weight is a complex trait controlled by multiple genetic factors that differ significantly between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Botzman
- Faculty of Life SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of GeneticsUniversity College of LondonLondonUK
| | - Irit Gat‐Viks
- Faculty of Life SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
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25
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Samocha-Bonet D, Debs S, Greenfield JR. Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pathophysiological-Based Approach. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:370-379. [PMID: 29665986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes affects approximately 40% of American adults. Randomized trials report that a proportion of individuals with prediabetes develop diabetes despite caloric restriction, physical activity, and/or when treated with metformin, the first-line medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no valid predictors of the effectiveness of these measures in determining who will and who will not progress to the T2DM state. Few studies have examined the clinical and phenotypic predictors of better and worse glycemic response to lifestyle interventions and metformin in prediabetes and diabetes. Further studies incorporating 'omic' approaches to discover novel markers of phenotypes and treatment effectiveness may pave the way to personalizing the treatment of prediabetes and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Sophie Debs
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Services, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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26
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Eckstrand KL, Mummareddy N, Kang H, Cowan R, Zhou M, Zald D, Silver HJ, Niswender KD, Avison MJ. An insulin resistance associated neural correlate of impulsivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189113. [PMID: 29228027 PMCID: PMC5724830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central insulin resistance (IR) influences striatal dopamine (DA) tone, an important determinant of behavioral self-regulation. We hypothesized that an association exists between the degree of peripheral IR and impulse control, mediated by the impact of IR on brain circuits controlling the speed of executing “go” and/or “stop” responses. We measured brain activation and associated performance on a stop signal task (SST) in obese adults with type 2 diabetes (age, 48.1 ± 6.9 yrs (mean ± SD); BMI, 36.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2; HOMA-IR, 7.2 ± 4.1; 12 male, 18 female). Increasing IR, but not BMI, was a predictor of shorter critical stop signal delay (cSSD), a measure of the time window during which a go response can be successfully countermanded (R2 = 0.12). This decline was explained by an IR-associated increase in go speed (R2 = 0.13) with little impact of IR or BMI on stop speed. Greater striatal fMRI activation contrast in stop error (SE) compared with stop success (SS) trials (CONSE>SS) was a significant predictor of faster go speeds (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.002), and was itself predicted by greater IR (CONSE>SS vs HOMA-IR: R2 = 0.10, p = 0.04). Furthermore, this impact of IR on striatal activation was a significant mediator of the faster go speeds and greater impulsivity observed with greater IR. These findings suggest a neural mechanism by which IR may increase impulsivity and degrade behavioral self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Eckstrand
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nishit Mummareddy
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ronald Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Minchun Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - David Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Malcolm J. Avison
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Schmid V, Wagner R, Sailer C, Fritsche L, Kantartzis K, Peter A, Heni M, Häring HU, Stefan N, Fritsche A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired proinsulin conversion as newly identified predictors of the long-term non-response to a lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention: results from the TULIP study. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2341-2351. [PMID: 28840257 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lifestyle intervention is effective to prevent type 2 diabetes. However, a considerable long-term non-response occurs to a standard lifestyle intervention. We investigated which risk phenotypes at baseline and their changes during the lifestyle intervention predict long-term glycaemic non-response to the intervention. METHODS Of 300 participants at high risk for type 2 diabetes who participated in a 24 month lifestyle intervention with diet modification and increased physical activity, 190 participants could be re-examined after 8.7 ± 1.6 years. All individuals underwent a five-point 75 g OGTT and measurements of body fat compartments and liver fat content with MRI and spectroscopy at baseline, 9 and 24 months during the lifestyle intervention, and at long-term follow-up. Fasting proinsulin to insulin conversion (PI/I ratio) and insulin sensitivity and secretion were calculated from the OGTT. Non-response to lifestyle intervention was defined as no decrease in glycaemia, i.e. no decrease in AUC for glucose at 0-120 min during OGTT (AUCglucose0-120 min). RESULTS Before the lifestyle intervention, 56% of participants had normal glucose regulation and 44% individuals had impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. At long-term follow-up, 11% had developed diabetes. Multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, BMI and change in BMI during the lifestyle intervention revealed that baseline insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, as well as change in insulin sensitivity during the lifestyle intervention, predicted long-term glycaemic control after 9 years. In addition, increased hepatic lipid content as well as impaired fasting proinsulin conversion at baseline were newly detected phenotypes that independently predicted long-term glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Increased hepatic lipid content and impaired proinsulin conversion are new predictors, independent of change in body weight, for non-response to lifestyle intervention in addition to the confirmed factors, impaired insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Research Training Group 1302, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Sailer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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28
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Zhou F, Zhou L, Guo T, Wang N, Hao H, Zhou Y, Yu D. Plasma proteomics reveals coagulation, inflammation, and metabolic shifts in H-type hypertension patients with and without acute ischemic stroke. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100384-100395. [PMID: 29245986 PMCID: PMC5725028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic profiling of a larger portion of circulating plasma proteome provide opportunities for unbiased discovery of novel markers to improve diagnostic, therapeutic, or predictive accuracy. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in plasma that could provide overall insight into the molecular changes of both H- type hypertension (HH) and HH-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study used an iTRAQ-based LC-MS/MS proteomics approach to screen for plasma DEPs in HH patients with and without AIS, and controls. After excluding highly abundant plasma proteins, more than 600 proteins, and their relative levels, were identified. Of these, 26 DEPs, each showing > 1.2-fold change, were identified in HH and HH-related AIS patients compared with controls. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DEPs were enriched in 21 functional gene ontology items; “blood coagulation” was the most predominant pathway showing enrichment. Of these, eight DEPs were located in the hub position of networks involved with protein-protein interactions. AT-3, CRP, ApoB, and AHSG were further validated in each group by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays. Comparing HH-related AIS with HH, the areas under the curve for AT-3, CRP, ApoB, and AHSG were 0.698, 0.892, 0.626, and 0.847, respectively. This proteomic profiling study provided enhanced pathophysiological understanding of the regulatory processes involved in coagulation, inflammation, and metabolism, and identified a panel of novel biomarkers for detecting HH-related AIS during its pre-stroke stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Tie Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Nianzhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Haizhen Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Yanhui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
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29
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Soares AF, Duarte JMN, Gruetter R. Increased hepatic fatty acid polyunsaturation precedes ectopic lipid deposition in the liver in adaptation to high-fat diets in mice. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 31:341-354. [PMID: 29027041 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-017-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We monitored hepatic lipid content (HLC) and fatty acid (FA) composition in the context of enhanced lipid handling induced by a metabolic high-fat diet (HFD) challenge and fasting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice received a control diet (10% of kilocalories from fat, N = 14) or an HFD (45% or 60% of kilocalories from fat, N = 10 and N = 16, respectively) for 26 weeks. A subset of five mice receiving an HFD (60% of kilocalories from fat) were switched to the control diet for the final 7 weeks. At nine time points, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in vivo at 14.1 T, interleaved with glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS Glucose intolerance promptly developed with the HFD, followed by a progressive increase of fasting insulin level, simultaneously with that of HLC. These metabolic defects were normalized by dietary reversal. HFD feeding immediately increased polyunsaturation of hepatic FA, before lipid accumulation. Fasting-induced changes in hepatic lipids (increased HLC and FA polyunsaturation, decreased FA monounsaturation) in control-diet-fed mice were not completely reproduced in HFD-fed mice, not even after dietary reversal. CONCLUSION A similar adaptation of hepatic lipids to both fasting and an HFD suggests common mechanisms of lipid trafficking from adipose tissue to the liver. Altered hepatic lipid handling with fasting indicates imperfect metabolic recovery from HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Francisca Soares
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Guthoff M, Wagner R, Weichbrodt K, Nadalin S, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Heyne N. Dynamics of Glucose Metabolism After Kidney Transplantation. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:598-607. [PMID: 28930756 DOI: 10.1159/000481375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) impacts patient and allograft survival after kidney transplantation. Prediabetes, which is an independent risk factor for PTDM, is modifiable also in a post-transplant setting. Understanding the risks and dynamics of impaired glucose metabolism after transplantation is a key component for targeted intervention. METHODS A retrospective chart analysis of all adult non-diabetic renal allograft recipients (n=251, 2007-2014) was performed. Longitudinal follow-up included fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c, as well as data on allograft function and immunosuppression at consecutive time points (months 3-6 to >5 years post transplantation). RESULTS Throughout follow-up, median prevalence of prediabetes and PTDM was 53.3 [52.4-55.7]% and 15.4 [15.0-16.5]%, respectively. Continuously high fluxes between states of glucose metabolism, with individual patients' state deteriorating or improving over time, resulted in a high number of incident patients even long after transplantation. The greatest number of patients shifted between normal glucose tolerance and prediabetes, followed by those between prediabetes and PTDM. CONCLUSION Prediabetes and PTDM are highly prevalent after kidney transplantation and incidences remain relevant throughout follow-up. Patient fluxes into and out of the prediabetic state show that glucose metabolism is highly dynamic after transplantation. This provides a continuous opportunity for intervention in an aim to reduce diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Guthoff
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karoline Weichbrodt
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Dept. of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Dept. of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nils Heyne
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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Riddle MC. Basal Glucose Can Be Controlled, but the Prandial Problem Persists-It's the Next Target! Diabetes Care 2017; 40:291-300. [PMID: 28223444 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Both basal and postprandial elevations contribute to the hyperglycemic exposure of diabetes, but current therapies are mainly effective in controlling the basal component. Inability to control postprandial hyperglycemia limits success in maintaining overall glycemic control beyond the first 5 to 10 years after diagnosis, and it is also related to the weight gain that is common during insulin therapy. The "prandial problem"-comprising abnormalities of glucose and other metabolites, weight gain, and risk of hypoglycemia-deserves more attention. Several approaches to prandial abnormalities have recently been studied, but the patient populations for which they are best suited and the best ways of using them remain incompletely defined. Encouragingly, several proof-of-concept studies suggest that short-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists or the amylin agonist pramlintide can be very effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes in specific settings. This article reviews these topics and proposes that a greater proportion of available resources be directed to basic and clinical research on the prandial problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Riddle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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32
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Moța M. Prevention of Diabetes and 4P Medicine. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rjdnmd-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moța
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova
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33
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4-Hydroxyalkenal-activated PPARδ mediates hormetic interactions in diabetes. Biochimie 2016; 136:85-89. [PMID: 27768859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδ) induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes that metabolize fatty acids and carbohydrate. Attempts to identify cellular activators of PPARδ produced large lists of various fatty acids and their metabolic derivatives; however, there is no consensus on specific and selective binding interactions of natural ligands with PPARδ. Most models on binding interactions within the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARδ have been derived from analyses of PPARδ-LBD crystals formed with synthetic low molecular weight ligands. Nonetheless, crystals of the whole receptor with natural ligands or of its heterodimer with its cognate retinoid X receptor (RXR) are not yet available for analysis. We have found that 4-hydroxyalkenals, non-enzymatic peroxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), namely, 4-hydroxy-2E,6Z-dodecadienal (4-HDDE) and 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE), activate PPARδ in vascular endothelial cells and insulin-secreting beta cells, respectively. In both cases activated PPARδ induced adaptive responses that allowed the cells to adjust to ambient stressful metabolic conditions. This review article addresses the interactions of 4-hydroxyalkenals with PPARδ and the resulting hormetic interactions in cells exposed to nutrient overload conditions.
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