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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Nicotianamine: A Key Player in Metal Homeostasis and Hyperaccumulation in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10822. [PMID: 37446000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotianamine (NA) is a low-molecular-weight N-containing metal-binding ligand, whose accumulation in plant organs changes under metal deficiency or excess. Although NA biosynthesis can be induced in vivo by various metals, this non-proteinogenic amino acid is mainly involved in the detoxification and transport of iron, zinc, nickel, copper and manganese. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NA biosynthesis and its regulation, considers the mechanisms of NA secretion by plant roots, as well as the mechanisms of intracellular transport of NA and its complexes with metals, and its role in radial and long-distance metal transport. Its role in metal tolerance is also discussed. The NA contents in excluders, storing metals primarily in roots, and in hyperaccumulators, accumulating metals mainly in shoots, are compared. The available data suggest that NA plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation mechanisms. The study of metal-binding compounds is of interdisciplinary significance, not only regarding their effects on metal toxicity in plants, but also in connection with the development of biofortification approaches to increase the metal contents, primarily of iron and zinc, in agricultural plants, since the deficiency of these elements in food crops seriously affects human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Krishna TPA, Ceasar SA, Maharajan T. Biofortification of Crops to Fight Anemia: Role of Vacuolar Iron Transporters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3583-3598. [PMID: 36802625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based foods provide all the crucial nutrients for human health. Among these, iron (Fe) is one of the essential micronutrients for plants and humans. A lack of Fe is a major limiting factor affecting crop quality, production, and human health. There are people who suffer from various health problems due to the low intake of Fe in their plant-based foods. Anemia has become a serious public health issue due to Fe deficiency. Enhancing Fe content in the edible part of food crops is a major thrust area for scientists worldwide. Recent progress in nutrient transporters has provided an opportunity to resolve Fe deficiency or nutritional problems in plants and humans. Understanding the structure, function, and regulation of Fe transporters is essential to address Fe deficiency in plants and to improve Fe content in staple food crops. In this review, we summarized the role of Fe transporter family members in the uptake, cellular and intercellular movement, and long-distance transport of Fe in plants. We draw insights into the role of vacuolar membrane transporters in the crop for Fe biofortification. We also provide structural and functional insights into cereal crops' vacuolar iron transporters (VITs). This review will help highlight the importance of VITs for improving the Fe biofortification of crops and alleviating Fe deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi 683104, Kerala, India
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Mohammed U, Davis J, Rossall S, Swarup K, Czyzewicz N, Bhosale R, Foulkes J, Murchie EH, Swarup R. Phosphite treatment can improve root biomass and nutrition use efficiency in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017048. [PMID: 36388577 PMCID: PMC9662169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphite represents a reduced form of phosphate that belongs to a class of crop growth-promoting chemicals termed biostimulants. Previous research has shown that phosphite application can enhance root growth, but its underlying mechanism, especially during environmental stresses, remains elusive. To uncover this, we undertook a series of morphological and physiological analyses under nutrient, water and heat stresses following a foliar application in wheat. Non-invasive 3D imaging of root system architecture directly in soil using X-ray Computed Tomography revealed that phosphite treatment improves root architectural traits and increased root biomass. Biochemical and physiological assays identified that phosphite treatment significantly increases Nitrate Reductase (NR) activity, leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, suggesting improved Nitrogen and Carbon assimilation, respectively. These differences were more pronounced under heat or drought treatment (photosynthesis and photosystem II stability) and nutrient deficiency (root traits and NR). Overall our results suggest that phosphite treatment improves the ability of plants to tolerate abiotic stresses through improved Nitrogen and Carbon assimilation, combined with improved root growth which may improve biomass and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mohammed
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Davis
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Rossall
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Swarup
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Mars Petcare, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Aung MS, Masuda H. How Does Rice Defend Against Excess Iron?: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1102. [PMID: 32849682 PMCID: PMC7426474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01102,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for all living organisms but can lead to cytotoxicity when present in excess. Fe toxicity often occurs in rice grown in submerged paddy fields with low pH, leading dramatical increases in ferrous ion concentration, disrupting cell homeostasis and impairing growth and yield. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Fe toxicity response and tolerance in plants are not well characterized yet. Microarray and genome-wide association analyses have shown that rice employs four defense systems to regulate Fe homeostasis under Fe excess. In defense 1, Fe excess tolerance is implemented by Fe exclusion as a result of suppression of genes involved in Fe uptake and translocation such as OsIRT1, OsYSL2, OsTOM1, OsYSL15, OsNRAMP1, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsNAAT1, OsDMAS1, and OsIRO2. The Fe-binding ubiquitin ligase, HRZ, is a key regulator that represses Fe uptake genes in response to Fe excess in rice. In defense 2, rice retains Fe in the root system rather than transporting it to shoots. In defense 3, rice compartmentalizes Fe in the shoot. In defense 2 and 3, the vacuolar Fe transporter OsVIT2, Fe storage protein ferritin, and the nicotinamine synthase OsNAS3 mediate the isolation or detoxification of excess Fe. In defense 4, rice detoxifies the ROS produced within the plant body in response to excess Fe. Some OsWRKY transcription factors, S-nitrosoglutathione-reductase variants, p450-family proteins, and OsNAC4, 5, and 6 are implicated in defense 4. These knowledge will facilitate the breeding of tolerant crops with increased productivity in low-pH, Fe-excess soils.
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Aung MS, Masuda H. How Does Rice Defend Against Excess Iron?: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1102. [PMID: 32849682 PMCID: PMC7426474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for all living organisms but can lead to cytotoxicity when present in excess. Fe toxicity often occurs in rice grown in submerged paddy fields with low pH, leading dramatical increases in ferrous ion concentration, disrupting cell homeostasis and impairing growth and yield. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Fe toxicity response and tolerance in plants are not well characterized yet. Microarray and genome-wide association analyses have shown that rice employs four defense systems to regulate Fe homeostasis under Fe excess. In defense 1, Fe excess tolerance is implemented by Fe exclusion as a result of suppression of genes involved in Fe uptake and translocation such as OsIRT1, OsYSL2, OsTOM1, OsYSL15, OsNRAMP1, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsNAAT1, OsDMAS1, and OsIRO2. The Fe-binding ubiquitin ligase, HRZ, is a key regulator that represses Fe uptake genes in response to Fe excess in rice. In defense 2, rice retains Fe in the root system rather than transporting it to shoots. In defense 3, rice compartmentalizes Fe in the shoot. In defense 2 and 3, the vacuolar Fe transporter OsVIT2, Fe storage protein ferritin, and the nicotinamine synthase OsNAS3 mediate the isolation or detoxification of excess Fe. In defense 4, rice detoxifies the ROS produced within the plant body in response to excess Fe. Some OsWRKY transcription factors, S-nitrosoglutathione-reductase variants, p450-family proteins, and OsNAC4, 5, and 6 are implicated in defense 4. These knowledge will facilitate the breeding of tolerant crops with increased productivity in low-pH, Fe-excess soils.
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Brasili E, Bavasso I, Petruccelli V, Vilardi G, Valletta A, Dal Bosco C, Gentili A, Pasqua G, Di Palma L. Remediation of hexavalent chromium contaminated water through zero-valent iron nanoparticles and effects on tomato plant growth performance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1920. [PMID: 32024866 PMCID: PMC7002744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contaminated water with hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a serious environmental problem. This study aimed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal by zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) reduction process and the impact of Cr(VI), nZVI and combined treatment with nZVI and Cr(VI) on tomato growth performance. To evaluate the Cr(VI) toxic effect on germination capability, seeds were exposed to increasing Cr(VI) concentrations up to 1000 mg L−1. The inhibition of seed germination and the decrease of hypocotyl and root length started from Cr(VI) 5 mg L−1. Under treatment with Cr(VI) + nZVI 5 mg L−1, seed germination, hypocotyl and root length resulted significantly higher compared to Cr(VI) 5 mg L−1 treatment. The impact of only nZVI was investigated on chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves; iron levels in leaves, roots, fruits and soil; carotenoid, fat-soluble vitamin and nicotianamine in mature fruits. A significant increase of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed after nZVI 5 mg L−1 treatment compared to controls. No significant variations were observed in carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins and nicotianamine levels after treatment with nZVI 5 mg L−1 in mature fruits. For their ability to reduce Cr(VI) and to stimulate tomato growth, nZVI might to be considered as alternative for remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brasili
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, 000185, Italy
| | - Irene Bavasso
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Valerio Petruccelli
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, 000185, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vilardi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletta
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, 000185, Italy
| | - Chiara Dal Bosco
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasqua
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, 000185, Italy.
| | - Luca Di Palma
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Rome, 00185, Italy
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Aung MS, Masuda H, Nozoye T, Kobayashi T, Jeon JS, An G, Nishizawa NK. Nicotianamine Synthesis by OsNAS3 Is Important for Mitigating Iron Excess Stress in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:660. [PMID: 31231401 PMCID: PMC6558524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) toxicity in plants causes tissue damage and cellular homeostasis disorders, thereby affecting plant growth and development. Nicotianamine (NA) is a ubiquitous chelator of metal cations and is responsible for metal homeostasis. Rice has three NA synthase (NAS) genes, of which the expression of OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 but not of OsNAS3 is strongly induced in response to Fe deficiency. Recently, we found that OsNAS3 expression is strongly induced with excess Fe in most rice tissues, particularly old leaves, suggesting that it may play a vital role under excess Fe conditions. However, the mechanism by which OsNAS3 responds to excess Fe in rice remains poorly understood. In this study, we clarified the physiological response of OsNAS3 expression to excess Fe and the role of NA synthesis in this condition. Promoter GUS analyses revealed that OsNAS3 was widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants. Nicotianamine and deoxymugineic acid (DMA; a type of phytosiderophore synthesized by Strategy II species) were present in roots and shoots under Fe excess likewise under control conditions. In addition, OsNAS3 knockout plants were sensitive to excess Fe, exhibiting inferior growth, reduced dry weight, severer leaf bronzing, and greater Fe accumulation in their leaves than non-transformants with excess Fe. We also observed that NA-overproducing rice was tolerant of excess Fe. These results show that NA synthesized by OsNAS3 under Fe excess condition is to mitigate excess Fe whereas NA synthesized by OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 under normal Fe condition is to enhance Fe translocation, suggesting the different roles and functions of the NA existence between these two conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that rice synthesizes NA with OsNAS3 under Fe excess in roots and shoots, and that NA and DMA within the plant body are important for mitigating excess Fe stress and alleviating other metal deficiencies in rice. This report will be important for the development of tolerant rice adapted to Fe-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Sann Aung
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nozoye
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Müller B, Kovács K, Pham HD, Kavak Y, Pechoušek J, Machala L, Zbořil R, Szenthe K, Abadía J, Fodor F, Klencsár Z, Solti Á. Chloroplasts preferentially take up ferric-citrate over iron-nicotianamine complexes in Brassica napus. PLANTA 2019; 249:751-763. [PMID: 30382344 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fe uptake machinery of chloroplasts prefers to utilise Fe(III)-citrate over Fe-nicotianamine complexes. Iron uptake in chloroplasts is a process of prime importance. Although a few members of their iron transport machinery were identified, the substrate preference of the system is still unknown. Intact chloroplasts of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were purified and subjected to iron uptake studies using natural and artificial iron complexes. Fe-nicotianamine (NA) complexes were characterised by 5 K, 5 T Mössbauer spectrometry. Expression of components of the chloroplast Fe uptake machinery was also studied. Fe(III)-NA contained a minor paramagnetic Fe(II) component (ca. 9%), a paramagnetic Fe(III) component exhibiting dimeric or oligomeric structure (ca. 20%), and a Fe(III) complex, likely being a monomeric structure, which undergoes slow electronic relaxation at 5 K (ca. 61%). Fe(II)-NA contained more than one similar chemical Fe(II) environment with no sign of Fe(III) components. Chloroplasts preferred Fe(III)-citrate compared to Fe(III)-NA and Fe(II)-NA, but also to Fe(III)-EDTA and Fe(III)-o,o'EDDHA, and the Km value was lower for Fe(III)-citrate than for the Fe-NA complexes. Only the uptake of Fe(III)-citrate was light-dependent. Regarding the components of the chloroplast Fe uptake system, only genes of the reduction-based Fe uptake system showed high expression. Chloroplasts more effectively utilize Fe(III)-citrate, but hardly Fe-NA complexes in Fe uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Laboratory of Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hong-Diep Pham
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yusuf Kavak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jiři Pechoušek
- Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Machala
- Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kálmán Szenthe
- RT-Europe Nonprofit Research Ltd., Vár tér 2, E Building, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, 50080, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Ferenc Fodor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Klencsár
- Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Nozoye T, von Wirén N, Sato Y, Higashiyama T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Characterization of the Nicotianamine Exporter ENA1 in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:502. [PMID: 31114596 PMCID: PMC6503003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Under iron (Fe) deficiency, graminaceous plants produce and secrete Fe-chelating phytosiderophores of the mugineic acid (MA) family into the rhizosphere to solubilize and mediate uptake of sparingly soluble Fe in the soil. MAs and their biosynthetic intermediate, nicotianamine (NA), are also important for the translocation of divalent metals such as Fe and zinc (Zn) throughout the plant body. In this study, the physiological role of the efflux transporter EFFLUX TRANSPORTER OF NA (ENA1), which exports NA out of cells, was analyzed in rice. Promoter-GUS analysis showed that ENA1 was mainly expressed in roots, and strongly upregulated under Fe-deficient conditions. In epidermal onion cells and rice roots, green fluorescent protein-tagged ENA1 localized mainly to the plasma membrane, while a part of the fluorescence was observed in vesicular structures in the cytoplasm. In the younger stage after germination, ENA1-overexpressing rice plants exhibited truncated roots with many root hairs compared to wild-type plants, while these phenotype were not observed in high Zn-containing medium. In Arabidopsis, which use a different strategy for Fe uptake from rice, ENA1 overexpression did not show any apparent phenotypes. Oligo DNA microarray analysis in rice showed that ENA1 knockout affects the response to stress, especially in root plastids. These results suggest that ENA1 might be recycling between the plasma membrane and cellular compartments by vesicular transport, playing an important role in the transport of NA, which is important for the physiological response to Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nozoye
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoko Nozoye,
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
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Wu T, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK. Targeting intracellular transport combined with efficient uptake and storage significantly increases grain iron and zinc levels in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:9-20. [PMID: 29734523 PMCID: PMC6330537 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rice, a staple food for more than half of the world population, is an important target for iron and zinc biofortification. Current strategies mainly focus on the expression of genes for efficient uptake, long-distance transport and storage. Targeting intracellular iron mobilization to increase grain iron levels has not been reported. Vacuole is an important cell compartment for iron storage and the NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN (NRAMP) family of transporters export iron from vacuoles to cytosol when needed. We developed transgenic Nipponbare rice lines expressing AtNRAMP3 under the control of the UBIQUITIN or rice embryo/aleurone-specific 18-kDa Oleosin (Ole18) promoter together with NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (AtNAS1) and FERRITIN (PvFER), or expressing only AtNRAMP3 and PvFER together. Iron and zinc were increased close to recommended levels in polished grains of the transformed lines, with maximum levels when AtNRAMP3, AtNAS1 and PvFER were expressed together (12.67 μg/g DW iron and 45.60 μg/g DW zinc in polished grains of line NFON16). Similar high iron and zinc levels were obtained in transgenic Indica IR64 lines expressing the AtNRAMP3, AtNAS1 and PvFER cassette (13.65 μg/g DW iron and 48.18 μg/g DW zinc in polished grains of line IR64_1), equalling more than 90% of the recommended iron increase in rice endosperm. Our results demonstrate that targeting intracellular iron stores in combination with iron and zinc transport and endosperm storage is an effective strategy for iron biofortification. The increases achieved in polished IR64 grains are of dietary relevance for human health and a valuable nutrition trait for breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ying Wu
- Plant BiotechnologyDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant BiotechnologyDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Qingnan C, Saitanis CJ, Paoletti E, Manning WJ, Watanabe T, Koike T. Effects of ozone (O 3) and ethylenediurea (EDU) on the ecological stoichiometry of a willow grown in a free-air exposure system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:663-676. [PMID: 29621726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations have been elevating in the last century. While there has been a notable progress in understanding O3 effects on vegetation, O3 effects on ecological stoichiometry remain unclear, especially early in the oxidative stress. Ethyelenediurea (EDU) is a chemical compound widely applied in research projects as protectant of plants against O3 injury, however its mode of action remains unclear. To investigate O3 and EDU effects early in the stress, we sprayed willow (Salix sachalinensis) plants with 0, 200 or 400 mg EDU L-1, and exposed them to either low ambient O3 (AOZ) or elevated O3 (EOZ) levels during the daytime, for about one month, in a free air O3 controlled exposure (FACE); EDU treatment was repeated every nine days. We collected samples for analyses from basal, top, and shed leaves, before leaves develop visible O3 symptoms. We found that O3 altered the ecological stoichiometry, including impacts in nutrient resorption efficiency, early in the stress. The relation between P content and Fe content seemed to have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in an effort to prevent O3-induced damage. Photosynthetic pigments and P content appeared to play an important role in EDU mode of action. This study provides novel insights on the stress biology which are of ecological and toxicological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan
| | - Chu Qingnan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan; Institue of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
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12
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Sun C, Yuan M, Zhai L, Li D, Zhang X, Wu T, Xu X, Wang Y, Han Z. Iron deficiency stress can induce MxNAS1 protein expression to facilitate iron redistribution in Malus xiaojinensis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:29-38. [PMID: 28921771 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a vital trace element in plants, and deficiency of this element in apple trees can reduce fruit quality. Nicotianamine (NA) is known to play an important role in Fe transport and endogenous hormone balance. In the present study, we investigated the role of a nicotianamine synthase 1 gene (MxNas1) in an apple species, Malus xiaojinensis, that has a more Fe-efficient genotype than other apple species and ecotypes. To characterise the response of M. xiaojinensis to Fe deficiency, we used quantitative Q-PCR to determine the level of expression of MxNas1 and Western blot to measure protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining and GFP fluorescence localisation of the MxNAS1 protein were also carried out. HPLC and polarised absorption spectrophotometry were performed to investigate the effects of overexpression of MxNas1 in order to elucidate the role of MxNAS1 in the cellular uptake of active Fe in tobacco suspension cells. We found that MxNas1 expression and protein levels were higher under Fe deficiency stress than under Fe sufficiency. Immunohistochemical staining showed that MxNAS1 was localised mainly in the epidermal and vascular tissues of the roots, vascular tissues of the stem and palisade cells of mature leaves, and in parenchyma cells of young leaves. MxNAS1 was mainly localised in the plasma membranes and vesicles of protoplasts. In addition, overexpression of MxNas1 in stable transgenic tobacco cells increased NA and active Fe content under Fe sufficiency. The results suggest that MxNas1 expression in M. xiaojinensis is induced in response to Fe deficiency stress, resulting in higher levels of the protein. MxNAS1 may be involved in the redistribution of Fe in M. xiaojinensis under Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sun
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - M Yuan
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Bayi High School, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhai
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - D Li
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - T Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang W, Yan C, Li M, Yang L, Ma B, Meng H, Xie L, Chen J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Response of Iron Homeostasis to Early Feeding by Small Brown Planthopper in Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1093-1101. [PMID: 28112511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been documented that planthopper attacks change iron (Fe) content of rice plants. To investigate whether planthopper attacks change rice Fe homeostasis at the molecular level, the response of rice Fe homeostasis to early feeding by small brown planthopper (SBPH) was examined by transcriptome profiling. Results showed that the concentration of Fe and nicotianamine decreased in resistant rice genotype and increased in susceptible rice genotype after attack by SBPH. Transcriptome profiling showed that 13 and 21 Fe homeostasis-related genes encoded enzymes that were involved in phytosiderophore biosynthesis and that Fe transporters and regulators displayed altered expression in resistant and susceptible rice genotypes, respectively, after attack by SBPH. This revealing response of Fe homeostasis to planthopper attack in rice at the molecular level provided new insight into rice plants' response to planthopper attack and uncovered a novel physiological response of rice to planthopper attack, which extended our knowledge of the early interaction between rice and SBPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of China Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Bojun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Meng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of China Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of China Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
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14
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Gao L, Chang J, Chen R, Li H, Lu H, Tao L, Xiong J. Comparison on cellular mechanisms of iron and cadmium accumulation in rice: prospects for cultivating Fe-rich but Cd-free rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:39. [PMID: 27502932 PMCID: PMC4977236 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for rice growth and humans consuming as their staple food but is often deficient because of insoluble Fe(III) in soil for rice growth and limited assimilation for human bodies, while cadmium (Cd) is non-essential and toxic for rice growth and humans if accumulating at high levels. Over-accumulated Cd can cause damage to human bodies. Selecting and breeding Fe-rich but Cd-free rice cultivars are ambitious, challenging and meaningful tasks for researchers. Although evidences show that the mechanisms of Fe/Cd uptake and accumulation in rice are common to some extent as a result of similar entry routes within rice, an increasing number of researchers have discovered distinct mechanisms between Fe/Cd uptake and accumulation in rice. This comprehensive review systematically elaborates and compares cellular mechanisms of Fe/Cd uptake and accumulation in rice, respectively. Mechanisms for maintaining Fe homeostasis and Cd detoxicification are also elucidated. Then, effects of different fertilizer management on Fe/Cd accumulation in rice are discussed. Finally, this review enumerates various approaches for reducing grain Cd accumulation and enhancing Fe content in rice. In summary, understanding of discrepant cellular mechanisms of Fe/Cd accumulation in rice provides guidance for cultivating Fe-fortified rice and has paved the way to develop rice that are tolerant to Cd stress, aiming at breeding Fe-rich but Cd-free rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hubo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Kabir AH, Khatun MA, Hossain MM, Haider SA, Alam MF, Paul NK. Regulation of Phytosiderophore Release and Antioxidant Defense in Roots Driven by Shoot-Based Auxin Signaling Confers Tolerance to Excess Iron in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1684. [PMID: 27891139 PMCID: PMC5103167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential but harmful for plants at toxic level. However, how wheat plants tolerate excess Fe remains vague. This study aims at elucidating the mechanisms underlying tolerance to excess Fe in wheat. Higher Fe concentration caused morpho-physiological retardation in BR 26 (sensitive) but not in BR 27 (tolerant). Phytosiderophore and 2-deoxymugineic acid showed no changes in BR 27 but significantly increased in BR 26 due to excess Fe. Further, expression of TaSAMS. TaDMAS1, and TaYSL15 significantly downregulated in BR 27 roots, while these were upregulated in BR 26 under excess Fe. It confirms that inhibition of phytosiderophore directs less Fe accumulation in BR 27. However, phytochelatin and expression of TaPCS1 and TaMT1 showed no significant induction in response to excess Fe. Furthermore, excess Fe showed increased catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities along with glutathione, cysteine, and proline accumulation in roots in BR 27. Interestingly, BR 27 self-grafts and plants having BR 26 rootstock attached to BR 27 scion had no Fe-toxicity induced adverse effect on morphology but showed BR 27 type expressions, confirming that shoot-derived signal triggering Fe-toxicity tolerance in roots. Finally, auxin inhibitor applied with higher Fe concentration caused a significant decline in morpho-physiological parameters along with increased TaSAMS and TaDMAS1 expression in roots of BR 27, revealing the involvement of auxin signaling in response to excess Fe. These findings propose that tolerance to excess Fe in wheat is attributed to the regulation of phytosiderophore limiting Fe acquisition along with increased antioxidant defense in roots driven by shoot-derived auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Kabir
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
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16
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Onaga G, Dramé KN, Ismail AM. Understanding the regulation of iron nutrition: can it contribute to improving iron toxicity tolerance in rice? FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:709-726. [PMID: 32480498 DOI: 10.1071/fp15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron nutrition in plants is highly regulated in order to supply amounts sufficient for optimal growth while preventing deleterious effects. In response to iron deficiency, plants induce either reduction-based or chelation-based mechanisms to enhance iron uptake from the soil. Major physiological traits and genes involved in these mechanisms have been fairly well described in model plants like Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, for rice, iron toxicity presents a major challenge worldwide and causes yield reductions because rice is widely cultivated in flooded soils. Nonetheless, rice employs different mechanisms of adaptation to iron-toxicity, which range from avoidance to tissue tolerance. The physiological and molecular bases of such mechanisms have not been fully investigated and their use in breeding for iron-toxicity tolerance remains limited. Efforts to precisely characterise iron-toxicity control mechanisms may help speed-up the development of tolerant rice varieties. Considering how far the understanding of iron dynamics in the soil and plants has progressed, we consider it valuable to exploit such knowledge to improve rice tolerance to iron toxicity. Here we present the mechanisms that regulate iron uptake from the rhizosphere to the plant tissues together with the possible regulators involved. In addition, a genetic model for iron-toxicity tolerance in rice, which hypothesises possible modulation of key genes involved in iron nutrition and regulation is presented. The possibility of incorporating such relevant regulators in breeding is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Onaga
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-East and Southern Africa Office, B.P. 5132, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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17
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Pavlovic J, Samardzic J, Kostic L, Laursen KH, Natic M, Timotijevic G, Schjoerring JK, Nikolic M. Silicon enhances leaf remobilization of iron in cucumber under limited iron conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:271-80. [PMID: 27371693 PMCID: PMC4970368 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Retranslocation of iron (Fe) from source tissues enhances plant tolerance to Fe deficiency. Previous work has shown that silicon (Si) can alleviate Fe deficiency by enhancing acquisition and root to shoot translocation of Fe. Here the role of Si in Fe mobilization in older leaves and the subsequent retranslocation of Fe to young leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants growing under Fe-limiting conditions was investigated. METHODS Iron ((57)Fe or naturally occurring isotopes) was measured in leaves at different positions on plants hydroponically growing with or without Si supply. In parallel, the concentration of the Fe chelator nicotianamine (NA) along with the expression of nicotianamine synthase (NAS) involved in its biosynthesis and the expression of yellow stripe-like (YSL) transcripts mediating Fe-NA transport were also determined. KEY RESULTS In plants not receiving Si, approximately half of the total Fe content remained in the oldest leaf. In contrast, Si-treated plants showed an almost even Fe distribution among leaves with four different developmental stages, thus providing evidence of enhanced Fe remobilization from source leaves. This Si-stimulated Fe export was paralleled by an increased NA accumulation and expression of the YSL1 transporter for phloem loading/unloading of the Fe-NA complex. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Si enhances remobilization of Fe from older to younger leaves by a more efficient NA-mediated Fe transport via the phloem. In addition, from this and previous work, a model is proposed of how Si acts to improve Fe homeostasis under Fe deficiency in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pavlovic
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Samardzic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444-A, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Kostic
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristian H Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Natic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Timotijevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444-A, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miroslav Nikolic
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Agafonov O, Selstø CH, Thorsen K, Xu XM, Drengstig T, Ruoff P. The Organization of Controller Motifs Leading to Robust Plant Iron Homeostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147120. [PMID: 26800438 PMCID: PMC4723245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element needed by all organisms for growth and development. Because iron becomes toxic at higher concentrations iron is under homeostatic control. Plants face also the problem that iron in the soil is tightly bound to oxygen and difficult to access. Plants have therefore developed special mechanisms for iron uptake and regulation. During the last years key components of plant iron regulation have been identified. How these components integrate and maintain robust iron homeostasis is presently not well understood. Here we use a computational approach to identify mechanisms for robust iron homeostasis in non-graminaceous plants. In comparison with experimental results certain control arrangements can be eliminated, among them that iron homeostasis is solely based on an iron-dependent degradation of the transporter IRT1. Recent IRT1 overexpression experiments suggested that IRT1-degradation is iron-independent. This suggestion appears to be misleading. We show that iron signaling pathways under IRT1 overexpression conditions become saturated, leading to a breakdown in iron regulation and to the observed iron-independent degradation of IRT1. A model, which complies with experimental data places the regulation of cytosolic iron at the transcript level of the transcription factor FIT. Including the experimental observation that FIT induces inhibition of IRT1 turnover we found a significant improvement in the system’s response time, suggesting a functional role for the FIT-mediated inhibition of IRT1 degradation. By combining iron uptake with storage and remobilization mechanisms a model is obtained which in a concerted manner integrates iron uptake, storage and remobilization. In agreement with experiments the model does not store iron during its high-affinity uptake. As an iron biofortification approach we discuss the possibility how iron can be accumulated even during high-affinity uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Agafonov
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Kristian Thorsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Xiang Ming Xu
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Drengstig
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Peter Ruoff
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- * E-mail:
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19
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Li G, Xu W, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Ethylene is critical to the maintenance of primary root growth and Fe homeostasis under Fe stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2041-54. [PMID: 25711703 PMCID: PMC4378635 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential microelement but is highly toxic when in excess. The response of plant roots to Fe toxicity and the nature of the regulatory pathways engaged are poorly understood. Here, we examined the response to excess Fe exposure in Arabidopsis wild type and ethylene mutants with a focus on primary root growth and the role of ethylene. We showed that excess Fe arrested primary root growth by decreasing both cell elongation and division, and principally resulteds from direct external Fe contact at the root tip. Pronounced ethylene, but not abscisic acid, evolution was associated with excess Fe exposure. Ethylene antagonists intensified root growth inhibition in the wild type, while the inhibition was significantly reduced in ethylene-overproduction mutants. We showed that ethylene plays a positive role in tissue Fe homeostasis, even in the absence of iron-plaque formation. Ethylene reduced Fe concentrations in the stele, xylem, and shoot. Furthermore, ethylene increased the expression of genes encoding Fe-sequestering ferritins. Additionally, ethylene significantly enhanced root K(+) status and upregulated K(+)-transporter (HAK5) expression. Our findings highlight the important role of ethylene in tissue Fe and K homeostasis and primary root growth under Fe stress in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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de Araújo TO, de Freitas-Silva L, Santana BVN, Kuki KN, Pereira EG, Azevedo AA, da Silva LC. Morphoanatomical responses induced by excess iron in roots of two tolerant grass species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2187-2195. [PMID: 25172466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to verify whether morphoanatomic alterations occur in response to excess iron, in roots of Setaria parviflora and Paspallum urvillei (Poaceae), and to localize the presence of the sites of iron accumulation. Plants were subjected to 0.009, 1, 2, 4, and 7 mM Fe-EDTA in nutrient solution. Both species presented iron contents in the roots above the critical toxicity level. The presence of iron plaque on roots of the two species was confirmed, and it may have reduced iron absorption by the plants. Roots from the two species showed typical visual symptoms of stress by excess iron: change in color and mucilaginous and flaccid appearance. Anatomical damage was observed in both species: aerenchyma disruption, alterations in endodermal cells, and irregular shape of both vessel and sieve tube elements. The metal was histolocalized in the cortex and in protoxylem and metaxylem cell walls in both species, which suggests a detoxification strategy for the excess iron. Phenolic compounds were not histolocalized in roots. Microscopic analyses were therefore effective in evaluating the real damage caused by excess iron.
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21
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Boonpeng S, Siripongvutikorn S, Sae-Wong C, Sutthirak P. The antioxidant and anti-cadmium toxicity properties of garlic extracts. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:792-801. [PMID: 25493198 PMCID: PMC4256585 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a highly dangerous international problem because it can transfer into the food chain and become bioaccumulated, endangering human health. Cd detoxication is very interesting particularly the method providing no undesirable side effects. Cd also causes lipid oxidation that leads to undesired food quality. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as conventional food and in herbal therapy and folklore medicine as an antibacterial, antitumorogenic, and antioxidant agent for over 5000 years. In the present work, fresh garlic and pickled garlic extracted with distilled water was brought to determine antioxidant activities in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) assay, chelating activities, superoxide, and hydroxyl scavenging assay. The data showed that pickled garlic extracts significantly possessed more DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, superoxide, and hydroxyl scavenging assays as 11.86, 13.74, 4.9, 46.67, and 15.33 g trolox equivalent/g sample, respectively, compared with fresh one as 7.44, 7.62, 0.01, 4.07, and 8.09 g trolox equivalent/g sample, respectively. However, iron chelating activity of fresh garlic extract was higher than that of pickled garlic while there was no significant difference in the copper chelating activity of both extracts. For anti-Cd properties, pickled garlic was more effective than fresh garlic and contained less toxicity than standard diallyl disulfide (DADS). Therefore, therapeutic properties of pickled garlic favored its consumption compared with fresh and standard DADS for its antioxidant and anti-Cd properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwannaporn Boonpeng
- Department of Functional Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Siripongvutikorn
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Chutha Sae-Wong
- Department of Functional Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Pornpong Sutthirak
- Aquatic Animal Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University Mueang, Suratthani, 84000, Thailand
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Mamidi S, Lee RK, Goos JR, McClean PE. Genome-wide association studies identifies seven major regions responsible for iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean (Glycine max). PLoS One 2014; 9:e107469. [PMID: 25225893 PMCID: PMC4166409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a yield limiting problem in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) production regions with calcareous soils. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a high density SNP map to discover significant markers, QTL and candidate genes associated with IDC trait variation. A stepwise regression model included eight markers after considering LD between markers, and identified seven major effect QTL on seven chromosomes. Twelve candidate genes known to be associated with iron metabolism mapped near these QTL supporting the polygenic nature of IDC. A non-synonymous substitution with the highest significance in a major QTL region suggests soybean orthologs of FRE1 on Gm03 is a major gene responsible for trait variation. NAS3, a gene that encodes the enzyme nicotianamine synthase which synthesizes the iron chelator nicotianamine also maps to the same QTL region. Disease resistant genes also map to the major QTL, supporting the hypothesis that pathogens compete with the plant for Fe and increase iron deficiency. The markers and the allelic combinations identified here can be further used for marker assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Mamidi
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Rian K. Lee
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jay R. Goos
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Phillip E. McClean
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
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Kendziorek M, Barabasz A, Rudzka J, Tracz K, Mills RF, Williams LE, Antosiewicz DM. Approach to engineer tomato by expression of AtHMA4 to enhance Zn in the aerial parts. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1413-22. [PMID: 25046762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the potential for using AtHMA4 to engineer enhanced efficiency of Zn translocation to shoots, and to increase the Zn concentration in aerial tissues of tomato. AtHMA4, a P1B-ATPase, encodes a Zn export protein known to be involved in the control of Zn root-to-shoot translocation. In this work, 35S::AtHMA4 was expressed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Beta). Wild-type and transgenic plants were tested for Zn and Cd tolerance; Zn, Fe and Cd accumulation patterns, and for the expression of endogenous Zn/Fe-homeostasis genes. At 10μM Zn exposure, a higher Zn concentration was observed in leaves of AtHMA4-expressing lines compared to wild-type, which is promising in terms of Zn biofortification. AtHMA4 also transports Cd and at 0.25μM Cd the transgenic plants showed similar levels of this element in leaves to wild-type but lower levels in roots, therefore indicating a reduction of Cd uptake due to AtHMA4 expression. Expression of this transgene AtHMA4 also resulted in distinct changes in Fe accumulation in Zn-exposed plants, and Fe/Zn-accumulation in Cd-exposed plants, even though Fe is not a substrate for AtHMA4. Analysis of the transcript abundance of key Zn/Fe-homeostasis genes showed that the pattern was distinct for transgenic and wild-type plants. The reduction of Fe accumulation observed in AtHMA4-transformants was accompanied by up-regulation of Fe-deficiency marker genes (LeFER, LeFRO1, LeIRT1), whereas down-regulation was detected in plants with the status of Fe-sufficiency. Furthermore, results strongly suggest the importance of the up-regulation of LeCHLN in the roots of AtHMA4-expressing plants for efficient translocation of Zn to the shoots. Thus, the modifications of Zn/Fe/Cd translocation to aerial plant parts due to AtHMA4 expression are closely related to the alteration of the endogenous Zn-Fe-Cd cross-homeostasis network of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kendziorek
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Barabasz
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Rudzka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tracz
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rebecca F Mills
- University of Southampton, Centre for Biological Sciences, Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine E Williams
- University of Southampton, Centre for Biological Sciences, Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Danuta Maria Antosiewicz
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland.
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DalCorso G, Manara A, Piasentin S, Furini A. Nutrient metal elements in plants. Metallomics 2014; 6:1770-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Babuin MF, Campestre MP, Rocco R, Bordenave CD, Escaray FJ, Antonelli C, Calzadilla P, Gárriz A, Serna E, Carrasco P, Ruiz OA, Menendez AB. Response to long-term NaHCO3-derived alkalinity in model Lotus japonicus Ecotypes Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20: transcriptomic profiling and physiological characterization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97106. [PMID: 24835559 PMCID: PMC4024010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current knowledge regarding transcriptomic changes induced by alkalinity on plants is scarce and limited to studies where plants were subjected to the alkaline salt for periods not longer than 48 h, so there is no information available regarding the regulation of genes involved in the generation of a new homeostatic cellular condition after long-term alkaline stress. Lotus japonicus is a model legume broadly used to study many important physiological processes including biotic interactions and biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterized phenotipically the response to alkaline stress of the most widely used L. japonicus ecotypes, Gifu B-129 and MG-20, and analyzed global transcriptome of plants subjected to 10 mM NaHCO3 during 21 days, by using the Affymetrix Lotus japonicus GeneChip®. Plant growth assessment, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OJIP) analysis and metal accumulation supported the notion that MG-20 plants displayed a higher tolerance level to alkaline stress than Gifu B-129. Overall, 407 and 459 probe sets were regulated in MG-20 and Gifu B-129, respectively. The number of probe sets differentially expressed in roots was higher than that of shoots, regardless the ecotype. Gifu B-129 and MG-20 also differed in their regulation of genes that could play important roles in the generation of a new Fe/Zn homeostatic cellular condition, synthesis of plant compounds involved in stress response, protein-degradation, damage repair and root senescence, as well as in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and TCA. In addition, there were differences between both ecotypes in the expression patterns of putative transcription factors that could determine distinct arrangements of flavonoid and isoflavonoid compounds. Our results provided a set of selected, differentially expressed genes deserving further investigation and suggested that the L. japonicus ecotypes could constitute a useful model to search for common and distinct tolerance mechanisms to long-term alkaline stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Babuin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - María Paula Campestre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Rubén Rocco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Cesar D. Bordenave
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Escaray
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Cristian Antonelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Pablo Calzadilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Eva Serna
- Unidad Central de Investigación en Medicina-INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Vegetal-Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar A. Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Ana B. Menendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Raes K, Knockaert D, Struijs K, Van Camp J. Role of processing on bioaccessibility of minerals: Influence of localization of minerals and anti-nutritional factors in the plant. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nozoye T, Tsunoda K, Nagasaka S, Bashir K, Takahashi M, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Rice nicotianamine synthase localizes to particular vesicles for proper function. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014. [PMID: 24704865 PMCID: PMC4091187 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graminaceous plants release mugineic acid family phytosiderophores to acquire iron from the soil. Recently, we reported that particular vesicles are involved in deoxymugineic acid (DMA) and nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis and in DMA secretion from rice roots. A fusion protein of rice NA synthase 2 (OsNAS2) and synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) was observed in a dot-like pattern, moving dynamically within the cell. OsNAS2 mutated in the tyrosine motif or di-leucine motif, which was reported to be involved in cellular transport, caused a disruption in vesicular movement and vesicular localization, respectively. Unlike OsNAS2, Arabidopsis NA synthases AtNAS1-4 were distributed uniformly in the cytoplasm with no localization in dot-like structures when transiently expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells. Interestingly, Fe deficiency-inducible genes were upregulated in the OsNAS2-sGFP plants, and the amounts of NA and DMA produced and DMA secreted by the OsNAS2-sGFP plants were significantly higher than in those by the non-transformants and domain-mutated lines. We propose a model for OsNAS2-localized vesicles in rice, and discuss why the introduction of OsNAS2-sGFP caused a disturbance in Fe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nozoye
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence to: Naoko K Nishizawa,
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Santana BVN, de Araújo TO, Andrade GC, de Freitas-Silva L, Kuki KN, Pereira EG, Azevedo AA, da Silva LC. Leaf morphoanatomy of species tolerant to excess iron and evaluation of their phytoextraction potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2550-2562. [PMID: 24197964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen and Paspalum urvillei Steudel are grasses that grow naturally in a soil with high iron contents. This study aimed to characterize morphoanatomically and histochemically the iron phytotoxicity on leaves and evaluate the phytoextraction potential of these grasses. Saplings were cultivated in hydroponic solution with and without excess Fe-EDTA. Regarding measurements taken on leaves, reduction was observed among treatments of Fe-EDTA on height values of abaxial epidermis and bundle sheath in both species. As for iron histolocalization, stronger reaction was observed in leaves of S. parviflora, in comparison with P. urvillei. Anatomical damage, such as protoplast retraction, irregular xylem, changes in cell volume, and cell collapse, and visual symptoms, like leaf bronzing, chlorosis, and necrosis, were similar in both species when exposed to excess iron; however, P. urvillei showed more severe damage. This species accumulated more iron in shoots than S. parviflora and therefore is more favorable for use in phytoextraction. The root system of both species accumulated higher iron concentrations in relation to shoots.
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Plants fabricate Fe-nanocomplexes at root surface to counter and phytostabilize excess ionic Fe. Biometals 2013; 27:97-114. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yoshida K, Negishi T. The identification of a vacuolar iron transporter involved in the blue coloration of cornflower petals. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 94:60-7. [PMID: 23838627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The blue petal color of the cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) is caused by protocyanin, a kind of metalloanthocyanin, which is a self-assembled supramolecular metal complex pigment. Protocyanin is composed of six molecules of anthocyanin, six molecules of flavone, one ferric ion, and one magnesium ion. The ferric ion is essential for blue color development. Here, we identify the vacuolar iron transporter gene (CcVIT) from the blue petals of C. cyanus and its function is identified and characterized. The CcVIT transcript was observed only in the petals. Its amino acid sequence is highly homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana (AtVIT1) and Tulipa gesneriana (TgVit1) vacuolar iron transporters. Heterologous expression of the CcVIT gene in yeast indicated that the corresponding gene product transports ferrous ion into vacuoles. Analysis of purple mutant-line petals clarified that the anthocyanin and flavone components were the same as those found in plants with blue petals, but the amount of iron ions in the colored cells decreased, and consequently the amount of blue protocyanin was reduced. The CcVIT gene was expressed even in purple mutant petals, however, an amino acid substitution (A236E) occurred in that case. This change in the CcVIT gene sequence also resulted in loss of iron transport activity. The CcVIT protein thus plays a critical role in the blue coloration of cornflower petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Japan.
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Zhou X, Li S, Zhao Q, Liu X, Zhang S, Sun C, Fan Y, Zhang C, Chen R. Genome-wide identification, classification and expression profiling of nicotianamine synthase (NAS) gene family in maize. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:238. [PMID: 23575343 PMCID: PMC3637603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotianamine (NA), a ubiquitous molecule in plants, is an important metal ion chelator and the main precursor for phytosiderophores biosynthesis. Considerable progress has been achieved in cloning and characterizing the functions of nicotianamine synthase (NAS) in plants including barley, Arabidopsis and rice. Maize is not only an important cereal crop, but also a model plant for genetics and evolutionary study. The genome sequencing of maize was completed, and many gene families were identified. Although three NAS genes have been characterized in maize, there is still no systematic identification of maize NAS family by genomic mining. Results In this study, nine NAS genes in maize were identified and their expression patterns in different organs including developing seeds were determined. According to the evolutionary relationship and tissue specific expression profiles of ZmNAS genes, they can be subgrouped into two classes. Moreover, the expression patterns of ZmNAS genes in response to fluctuating metal status were analysed. The class I ZmNAS genes were induced under Fe deficiency and were suppressed under Fe excessive conditions, while the expression pattern of class II genes were opposite to class I. The complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes confirmed the classification of this family. Furthermore, the histochemical localization of ZmNAS1;1/1;2 and ZmNAS3 were determined using in situ hybridization. It was revealed that ZmNAS1;1/1;2, representing the class I genes, mainly expressed in cortex and stele of roots with sufficient Fe, and its expression can expanded in epidermis, as well as shoot apices under Fe deficient conditions. On the contrary, ZmNAS3, one of the class II genes, was accumulated in axillary meristems, leaf primordia and mesophyll cells. These results suggest that the two classes of ZmNAS genes may be regulated on transcriptional level when responds to various demands for iron uptake, translocation and homeostasis. Conclusion These results provide significant insights into the molecular bases of ZmNAS in balancing iron uptake, translocation and homeostasis in response to fluctuating environmental Fe status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Zhou
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kabir AH, Paltridge NG, Roessner U, Stangoulis JCR. Mechanisms associated with Fe-deficiency tolerance and signaling in shoots of Pisum sativum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 147:381-95. [PMID: 22913816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of Fe-deficiency tolerance and signaling were investigated in shoots of Santi (deficiency tolerant) and Parafield (deficiency intolerant) pea genotypes using metabolomic and physiological approaches. From metabolomic studies, Fe deficiency induced significant increases in N-, S- and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in Santi but not in Parafield. Elevated N metabolites reflect an increase in N-recycling processes. Increased glutathione and S-metabolites suggest better protection of pea plants from Fe-deficiency-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, Fe-deficiency induced increases in citrate and malate in leaves of Santi suggests long-distance transport of Fe is promoted by better xylem unloading. Supporting a role of citrate in the deficiency tolerance mechanism, physiological experiments showed higher Fe and citrate in the xylem of Santi. Reciprocal-grafting experiments confirm that the Fe-deficiency signal driving root Fe reductase and proton extrusion activity is generated in the shoot. Finally, our studies show that auxin can induce increased Fe-reductase activity and proton extrusion in roots. This article identifies several mechanisms in shoots associated with the differential Fe-deficiency tolerance of genotypes within a species, and provides essential background for future efforts to improve the Fe content and deficiency tolerance in peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Kabir
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, SA, Australia.
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Schnell Ramos M, Khodja H, Mary V, Thomine S. Using μPIXE for quantitative mapping of metal concentration in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:168. [PMID: 23761799 PMCID: PMC3669754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are a crucial stage in plant life. They contain the nutrients necessary to initiate the development of a new organism. Seeds also represent an important source of nutrient for human beings. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies affect over a billion people worldwide. It is therefore important to understand how these essential metals are stored in seeds. In this work, Particle-Induced X-ray Emission with the use of a focused ion beam (μPIXE) has been used to map and quantify essential metals in Arabidopsis seeds. In agreement with Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) imaging and Perls/DAB staining, μPIXE maps confirmed the specific pattern of Fe and Mn localization in the endodermal and subepidermal cell layers in dry seeds, respectively. Moreover, μPIXE allows absolute quantification revealing that the Fe concentration in the endodermal cell layer reaches ~800 μg·g(-1) dry weight. Nevertheless, this cell layer accounts only for about half of Fe stores in dry seeds. Comparison between Arabidopsis wild type (WT) and mutant seeds impaired in Fe vacuolar storage (vit1-1) or release (nramp3nramp4) confirmed the strongly altered Fe localization pattern in vit1-1, whereas no alteration could be detected in nramp3nramp4 dry seeds. Imaging of imbibed seeds indicates a dynamic localization of metals as Fe and Zn concentrations increase in the subepidermal cell layer of cotyledons after imbibition. The complementarities between μPIXE and other approaches as well as the importance of being able to quantify the patterns for the interpretation of mutant phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Schnell Ramos
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR2355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueGif-sur-Yvette, France
- Chimica Agraria, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di UdineUdine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Magali Schnell Ramos, Chimica Agraria, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy e-mail:
| | - Hicham Khodja
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Eléments légers, SIS2M, UMR 3299, CEA-CNRS, CEA SaclayGif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Viviane Mary
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR2355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueGif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR2355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueGif-sur-Yvette, France
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García MJ, Romera FJ, Stacey MG, Stacey G, Villar E, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R. Shoot to root communication is necessary to control the expression of iron-acquisition genes in Strategy I plants. PLANTA 2013; 237:65-75. [PMID: 22983673 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous research showed that auxin, ethylene, and nitric oxide (NO) can activate the expression of iron (Fe)-acquisition genes in the roots of Strategy I plants grown with low levels of Fe, but not in plants grown with high levels of Fe. However, it is still an open question as to how Fe acts as an inhibitor and which pool of Fe (e.g., root, phloem, etc.) in the plant acts as the key regulator for gene expression control. To further clarify this, we studied the effect of the foliar application of Fe on the expression of Fe-acquisition genes in several Strategy I plants, including wild-type cultivars of Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh], pea [Pisum sativum L.], tomato [Solanum lycopersicon Mill.], and cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], as well as mutants showing constitutive expression of Fe-acquisition genes when grown under Fe-sufficient conditions [Arabidopsis opt3-2 and frd3-3, pea dgl and brz, and tomato chln (chloronerva)]. The results showed that the foliar application of Fe blocked the expression of Fe-acquisition genes in the wild-type cultivars and in the frd3-3, brz, and chln mutants, but not in the opt3-2 and dgl mutants, probably affected in the transport of a Fe-related repressive signal in the phloem. Moreover, the addition of either ACC (ethylene precursor) or GSNO (NO donor) to Fe-deficient plants up-regulated the expression of Fe-acquisition genes, but this effect did not occur in Fe-deficient plants sprayed with foliar Fe, again suggesting the existence of a Fe-related repressive signal moving from leaves to roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Edificio Celestino Mutis C-4, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Conte SS, Chu HH, Chan-Rodriguez D, Punshon T, Vasques KA, Salt DE, Walker EL. Arabidopsis thaliana Yellow Stripe1-Like4 and Yellow Stripe1-Like6 localize to internal cellular membranes and are involved in metal ion homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:283. [PMID: 23898343 PMCID: PMC3724051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the Yellow Stripe1-Like (YSL) family of transporter proteins are able to transport metal-nicotianamine (NA) complexes. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the roles of the Arabidopsis YSLs that are most closely related to the founding member of the family, ZmYS1 (e.g., AtYSL1, AtYSL2 and AtYSL3), but there is little information concerning members of the other two well-conserved YSL clades. Here, we provide evidence that AtYSL4 and AtYSL6, which are the only genes in Arabidopsis belong to YSL Group II, are localized to vacuole membranes and to internal membranes resembling endoplasmic reticulum. Both single and double mutants for YSL4 and YSL6 were rigorously analyzed, and have surprisingly mild phenotypes, in spite of the strong and wide-ranging expression of YSL6. However, in the presence of toxic levels of Mn and Ni, plants with mutations in YSL4 and YSL6 and plants overexpressing GFP-tagged YSL6 showed growth defects, indicating a role for these transporters in heavy metal stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Conte
- Biology, University of MassachusettsAmherst, MA, USA
| | - H. H. Chu
- Biology, Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH, USA
| | - D. Chan-Rodriguez
- Biology, University of MassachusettsAmherst, MA, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of MassachusettsAmherst, MA, USA
| | - T. Punshon
- Biology, Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH, USA
| | - K. A. Vasques
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of MassachusettsAmherst, MA, USA
- Biogen-IdecCambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. E. Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, Scotland
| | - E. L. Walker
- Biology, University of MassachusettsAmherst, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: E. L. Walker, Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 611 North Pleasant St., Amherst, 01003 MA, USA e-mail:
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Wu B, Andersch F, Weschke W, Weber H, Becker JS. Diverse accumulation and distribution of nutrient elements in developing wheat grain studied by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging. Metallomics 2013; 5:1276-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Enomoto Y, Goto F. Long-Distance Signaling of Iron Deficiency in Plants. LONG-DISTANCE SYSTEMIC SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36470-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Harris WR, Sammons RD, Grabiak RC. A speciation model of essential trace metal ions in phloem. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 116:140-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Barabasz A, Wilkowska A, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Hanikenne M, Czarny M, Krämer U, Antosiewicz DM. Metal response of transgenic tomato plants expressing P(1B) -ATPase. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:315-31. [PMID: 22283486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of HMA4 (P(1B) -ATPase) in plants is a useful strategy to engineer altered metal distribution in tissues for biofortification or phytoremediation purposes. This study contributes to understanding mechanisms underlying complex Zn-dependent phenotypes observed in transgenic plants and to better predict the consequences of transgene expression. Tomato was transformed with AhHMA4(p1) ::AhHMA4 from Arabidopsis halleri encoding the Zn export protein involved in xylem loading of Zn. Homozygous lines were tested for Zn tolerance, Zn and Fe concentrations in organs and in the apoplastic fluid, and for the expression of the transgene and tomato metal homeostasis endogenes. Expression of AhHMA4 facilitates root-to-shoot Zn translocation and induces Zn uptake in a Zn supply-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, it increases Zn excess-triggered Fe deficiency in leaves and transcriptional activation of Fe-uptake systems in roots. Moreover, AhHMA4 expression causes Zn overload of the apoplast, which may contribute to enhanced Zn sensitivity of transgenics and may lead to cell-wall remodeling. This study highlights that alteration of the apoplast/symplast Zn status through introduction of cellular Zn export activity via AhHMA4 may alter tomato metal homeostasis network, thus seems to be crucial in the generation of the phenotype of transgenic tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barabasz
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, PL-02-096 Warszawa, Poland
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Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/872875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), both of which can cause peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of protein, inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage and/or interact with other vital constituents of plant cells. Higher plants have evolved a sophisticated antioxidant defense system and a glyoxalase system to scavenge ROS and MG. In addition, HMs that enter the cell may be sequestered by amino acids, organic acids, glutathione (GSH), or by specific metal-binding ligands. Being a central molecule of both the antioxidant defense system and the glyoxalase system, GSH is involved in both direct and indirect control of ROS and MG and their reaction products in plant cells, thus protecting the plant from HM-induced oxidative damage. Recent plant molecular studies have shown that GSH by itself and its metabolizing enzymes—notably glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II—act additively and coordinately for efficient protection against ROS- and MG-induced damage in addition to detoxification, complexation, chelation and compartmentation of HMs. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of HM-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the findings of current plant molecular biology research.
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Kong F, Mao S, Du K, Wu M, Zhou X, Chu C, Wang Y. Comparative proteomics analysis of OsNAS1 transgenic Brassica napus under salt stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Regvar M, Eichert D, Kaulich B, Gianoncelli A, Pongrac P, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kreft I. New insights into globoids of protein storage vacuoles in wheat aleurone using synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3929-39. [PMID: 21447756 PMCID: PMC3134349 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mature developed seeds are physiologically and biochemically committed to store nutrients, principally as starch, protein, oils, and minerals. The composition and distribution of elements inside the aleurone cell layer reflect their biogenesis, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. It is therefore of primary importance to understand the mechanisms underlying metal ion accumulation, distribution, storage, and bioavailability in aleurone subcellular organelles for seed fortification purposes. Synchrotron radiation soft X-ray full-field imaging mode (FFIM) and low-energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) spectromicroscopy were applied to characterize major structural features and the subcellular distribution of physiologically important elements (Zn, Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and P). These direct imaging methods reveal the accumulation patterns between the apoplast and symplast, and highlight the importance of globoids with phytic acid mineral salts and walls as preferential storage structures. C, N, and O chemical topographies are directly linked to the structural backbone of plant substructures. Zn, Fe, Na, Mg, Al, and P were linked to globoid structures within protein storage vacuoles with variable levels of co-localization. Si distribution was atypical, being contained in the aleurone apoplast and symplast, supporting a physiological role for Si in addition to its structural function. These results reveal that the immobilization of metals within the observed endomembrane structures presents a structural and functional barrier and affects bioavailability. The combination of high spatial and chemical X-ray microscopy techniques highlights how in situ analysis can yield new insights into the complexity of the wheat aleurone layer, whose precise biochemical composition, morphology, and structural characteristics are still not unequivocally resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Regvar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diane Eichert
- Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14, km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Burkhard Kaulich
- Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14, km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Paula Pongrac
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Kreft
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Waters BM, Sankaran RP. Moving micronutrients from the soil to the seeds: genes and physiological processes from a biofortification perspective. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:562-74. [PMID: 21421405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The micronutrients iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are essential for plants and the humans and animals that consume plants. Increasing the micronutrient density of staple crops, or biofortification, will greatly improve human nutrition on a global scale. This review discusses the processes and genes needed to translocate micronutrients through the plant to the developing seeds, and potential strategies for developing biofortified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Waters
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
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45
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García MJ, Lucena C, Romera FJ, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R. Ethylene and nitric oxide involvement in the up-regulation of key genes related to iron acquisition and homeostasis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:3885-99. [PMID: 20627899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work it was shown that ethylene participates in the up-regulation of several Fe acquisition genes of Arabidopsis, such as AtFIT, AtFRO2, and AtIRT1. In this work the relationship between ethylene and Fe-related genes in Arabidopsis has been looked at in more depth. Genes induced by Fe deficiency regulated by ethylene were searched for. For this, studies were conducted, using microarray analysis and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), to determine which of the genes up-regulated by Fe deficiency are simultaneously suppressed by two different ethylene inhibitors (cobalt and silver thiosulphate), assessing their regulation by ethylene in additional experiments. In a complementary experiment, it was determined that the Fe-related genes up-regulated by ethylene were also responsive to nitric oxide (NO). Further studies were performed to analyse whether Fe deficiency up-regulates the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis [S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase, and ACC oxidase genes] and signalling (AtETR1, AtCTR1, AtEIN2, AtEIN3, AtEIL1, and AtEIL3). The results obtained show that both ethylene and NO are involved in the up-regulation of many important Fe-regulated genes of Arabidopsis, such as AtFIT, AtbHLH38, AtbHLH39, AtFRO2, AtIRT1, AtNAS1, AtNAS2, AtFRD3, AtMYB72, and others. In addition, the results show that Fe deficiency up-regulates genes involved in both ethylene synthesis (AtSAM1, AtSAM2, AtACS4, AtACS6, AtACS9, AtACO1, and AtACO2) and signalling (AtETR1, AtCTR1, AtEIN2, AtEIN3, AtEIL1, and AtEIL3) in the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Wasaki J. Recent progress in plant nutrition research: cross-talk between nutrients, plant physiology and soil microorganisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1255-64. [PMID: 20624893 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrients taken up from the soil become incorporated into a variety of important compounds with structural and physiological roles in plants. We summarize how plant nutrients are linked to many metabolic pathways, plant hormones and other biological processes. We also focus on nutrient uptake, describing plant-microbe interactions, plant exudates, root architecture, transporters and their applications. Plants need to survive in soils with mineral concentrations that vary widely. Describing the relationships between nutrients and biological processes will enable us to understand the molecular basis for signaling, physiological damage and responses to mineral stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Identification of Fe-excess-induced genes in rice shoots reveals a WRKY transcription factor responsive to Fe, drought and senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3735-45. [PMID: 20217243 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fe participates in several important reactions in plant metabolism. However, Fe homeostasis in plants is not completely understood, and molecular studies on Fe-excess stress are scarce. Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) is largely cultivated in submerged conditions, where the extremely reductive environment can lead to severe Fe overload. In this work, we used representational difference analysis (RDA) to isolate sequences up-regulated in rice shoots after exposure to Fe-excess. We isolated 24 sequences which have putative functions in distinct cellular processes, such as transcription regulation (OsWRKY80), stress response (OsGAP1, DEAD-BOX RNA helicase), proteolysis (oryzain-α, rhomboid protein), photosynthesis (chlorophyll a/b binding protein), sugar metabolism (β glucosidase) and electron transport (NADH ubiquinone oxireductase). We show that the putative WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY80 is up-regulated in rice leaves, stems and roots after Fe-excess treatment. This up-regulation is also observed after dark-induced senescence and drought stress, indicating that OsWRKY80 could be a general stress-responsive gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an Fe-excess-induced transcription factor in plants.
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Cvitanich C, Przybyłowicz WJ, Urbanski DF, Jurkiewicz AM, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Blair MW, Astudillo C, Jensen EØ, Stougaard J. Iron and ferritin accumulate in separate cellular locations in Phaseolus seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:26. [PMID: 20149228 PMCID: PMC2831038 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an important micronutrient for all living organisms. Almost 25% of the world population is affected by iron deficiency, a leading cause of anemia. In plants, iron deficiency leads to chlorosis and reduced yield. Both animals and plants may suffer from iron deficiency when their diet or environment lacks bioavailable iron. A sustainable way to reduce iron malnutrition in humans is to develop staple crops with increased content of bioavailable iron. Knowledge of where and how iron accumulates in seeds of crop plants will increase the understanding of plant iron metabolism and will assist in the production of staples with increased bioavailable iron. RESULTS Here we reveal the distribution of iron in seeds of three Phaseolus species including thirteen genotypes of P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, and P. lunatus. We showed that high concentrations of iron accumulate in cells surrounding the provascular tissue of P. vulgaris and P. coccineus seeds. Using the Perls' Prussian blue method, we were able to detect iron in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells, cells near the epidermis, and cells surrounding the provascular tissue. In contrast, the protein ferritin that has been suggested as the major iron storage protein in legumes was only detected in the amyloplasts of the seed embryo. Using the non-destructive micro-PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) technique we show that the tissue in the proximity of the provascular bundles holds up to 500 microg g(-1) of iron, depending on the genotype. In contrast to P. vulgaris and P. coccineus, we did not observe iron accumulation in the cells surrounding the provascular tissues of P. lunatus cotyledons. A novel iron-rich genotype, NUA35, with a high concentration of iron both in the seed coat and cotyledons was bred from a cross between an Andean and a Mesoamerican genotype. CONCLUSIONS The presented results emphasize the importance of complementing research in model organisms with analysis in crop plants and they suggest that iron distribution criteria should be integrated into selection strategies for bean biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cvitanich
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
- on leave from: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorian F Urbanski
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna M Jurkiewicz
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Matthew W Blair
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Erik Ø Jensen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Morrissey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Mary Lou Guerinot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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50
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Conte S, Stevenson D, Furner I, Lloyd A. Multiple antibiotic resistance in Arabidopsis is conferred by mutations in a chloroplast-localized transport protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:559-73. [PMID: 19675150 PMCID: PMC2754617 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.143487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern, and plants represent an emerging antibiotic exposure route. Recent studies indicate that crop plants fertilized with antibiotic-laden animal manure accumulate antibiotics; however, the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic entry and subcellular partitioning within plant cells remain unknown. Here, we report that mutations in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) locus Multiple Antibiotic Resistance1 (MAR1) confer resistance, while MAR1 overexpression causes hypersensitivity to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics. Additionally, yeast expressing MAR1 are hypersensitive to the aminoglycoside G418. MAR1 encodes a protein with 11 putative transmembrane domains with low similarity to ferroportin1 from Danio rerio. A MAR1:yellow fluorescent protein fusion localizes to the chloroplast, and chloroplasts from plants overexpressing MAR1 accumulate more of the aminoglycoside gentamicin, while mar1-1 mutant chloroplasts accumulate less than the wild type. MAR1 overexpression lines are slightly chlorotic, and chlorosis is rescued by exogenous iron. MAR1 expression is also down-regulated by low iron. These data suggest that MAR1 is a plastid transporter that is likely to be involved in cellular iron homeostasis and allows opportunistic entry of multiple antibiotics into the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Conte
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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