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Li W, Yu L. Role and therapeutic perspectives of extracellular vesicles derived from liver and adipose tissue in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:355-369. [PMID: 38833340 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2360008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The global epidemic of metabolic diseases has led to the emergence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which pose a significant threat to human health. Despite recent advances in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of MASLD/MASH, there is still a lack of more effective and targeted therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) discovered in a wide range of tissues and body fluids encapsulate different activated biomolecules and mediate intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that EVs derived from the liver and adipose tissue (AT) play vital roles in MASLD/MASH pathogenesis and therapeutics, depending on their sources and intervention types. Besides, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived EVs appear to be more effective in mitigating MASLD/MASH. This review presents an overview of the definition, extraction strategies, and characterisation of EVs, with a particular focus on the biogenesis and release of exosomes. It also reviews the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of liver- and AT-derived EVs on MASLD/MASH, and emphasises the contribution and clinical therapeutic potential of ADSC-derived EVs. Furthermore, the future perspective of EV therapy in a clinical setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Li
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
- Endocrine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, P.R. China
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2
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Zhang C, Tong Q, Liu K, Mao T, Song Y, Qu Y, Chen X, Qiu Z. Morroniside delays the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting AMPK-mediated lipophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155703. [PMID: 38723527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the inflammatory subtype in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is becoming a serious burden threatening human health, but no approved medication is available to date. Mononoside is a natural active substance derived from Cornus officinalis and has been confirmed to have great potential in regulating lipid metabolism in our previous studies. However, its effect and mechanism to inhibit the progression of NASH remains unclear. PURPOSE Our work aimed to explore the action of mononoside in delaying the progression of NASH and its regulatory mechanisms from the perspective of regulating lipophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 16 weeks to establish a NASH mouse model. After 8 weeks of high-fat and high-fructose feeding, these mice were administrated with different doses of morroniside. H&E staining, ORO staining, Masson staining, RNA-seq, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to determine the effects and molecular mechanisms of morroniside in delaying the progression of NASH. In this study, we found that morroniside is effective in attenuating hepatic lipid metabolism disorders and inflammatory response activation, thereby limiting the progression from simple fatty liver to NASH in high-fat and high-fructose diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, we identified AMPK signaling as the key molecular pathway for the positive efficacy of morroniside by transcriptome sequencing. Our results revealed that morroniside maintained hepatic lipid metabolism homeostasis and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting AMPKα phosphorylation-mediated lipophagy and fatty acid oxidation. Consistent results were observed in palmitic acid-treated cell models. Of particular note, silencing AMPKα both in vivo and in vitro reversed morroniside-induced lipophagy flux enhancement and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, emphasizing the critical role of AMPKα activation in the effect of morroniside in inhibiting NASH progression. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study provides strong evidence for the first time that morroniside inhibits NASH progression by promoting AMPK-dependent lipophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that morroniside is expected to be a potential molecular entity for the development of therapeutic drugs for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Qiao Tong
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tongyun Mao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yaqin Qu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430061, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization for Liver Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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3
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Bitterer F, Kupke P, Adenugba A, Evert K, Glehr G, Riquelme P, Scheibert L, Preverin G, Böhm C, Hornung M, Schlitt HJ, Wenzel JJ, Geissler EK, Safinia N, Hutchinson JA, Werner JM. Soluble CD46 as a diagnostic marker of hepatic steatosis. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105184. [PMID: 38838471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) incurs substantial morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Detection and clinical intervention at early stages of disease improves prognosis; however, we are currently limited by a lack of reliable diagnostic tests for population screening and monitoring responses to therapy. To address this unmet need, we investigated human invariant Natural Killer T cell (iNKT) activation by fat-loaded hepatocytes, leading to the discovery that circulating soluble CD46 (sCD46) levels accurately predict hepatic steatosis. METHODS sCD46 in plasma was measured using a newly developed immuno-competition assay in two independent cohorts: Prospective living liver donors (n = 156; male = 66, female = 90) and patients with liver tumours (n = 91; male = 58, female = 33). sCD46 levels were statistically evaluated as a predictor of hepatic steatosis. FINDINGS Interleukin-4-secreting (IL-4+) iNKT cells were over-represented amongst intrahepatic lymphocytes isolated from resected human liver samples. IL-4+ iNKT cells preferentially developed in cocultures with a fat-loaded, hepatocyte-like cell line, HepaRG. This was attributed to induction of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) in fat-loaded HepaRG cells and primary human liver organoids, which led to indiscriminate cleavage of immune receptors. Loss of cell-surface CD46 resulted in unrepressed differentiation of IL-4+ iNKT cells. sCD46 levels were elevated in patients with hepatic steatosis. Discriminatory cut-off values for plasma sCD46 were found that accurately classified patients according to histological steatosis grade. INTERPRETATION sCD46 is a reliable clinical marker of hepatic steatosis, which can be conveniently and non-invasively measured in serum and plasma samples, raising the possibility of using sCD46 levels as a diagnostic method for detecting or grading hepatic steatosis. FUNDING F.B. was supported by the Else Kröner Foundation (Award 2016_kolleg.14). G.G. was supported by the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation for Immuno-Oncology (Award FA-19-009). N.S. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Fellowship (211113/A/18/Z). J.A.H. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Award 860003). J.M.W. received funding from the Else Kröner Foundation (Award 2015_A10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bitterer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Paul Kupke
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Akinbami Adenugba
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Gunther Glehr
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Paloma Riquelme
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Lena Scheibert
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Giulia Preverin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Christina Böhm
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies PLC, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Hornung
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Niloufar Safinia
- Department of Hepatology, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - James A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Jens M Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
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Faran SA, Hussain T, Khalid SH, Khan IU, Asif M, Ahmad J, Rehman A, Asghar S. Bile acid/fatty acid integrated nanoemulsomes for nonalcoholic fatty liver targeted lovastatin delivery: stability, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo analyses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38795359 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2361117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled and targeted drug delivery to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can benefit from additive attributes of natural formulation ingredients incorporated into the drug delivery vehicles. METHODS Lovastatin (LVN) loaded, bile acid (BA) and fatty acid (FA) integrated nanoemulsomes (NES) were formulated by thin layer hydration technique for synergistic and targeted delivery of LVN to treat NAFLD. Organic phase NES was comprised of stearic acid with garlic (GL) and ginger (GR) oils, separately. Ursodeoxycholic acid and linoleic acid were individually incorporated as targeting moieties. RESULTS Stability studies over 90 days showed average NES particle size, surface charge, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency values of 270 ± 27.4 nm, -23.8 ± 3.5 mV, 0.2 ± 0.04 and 81.36 ± 3.4%, respectively. Spherical NES were observed under a transmission electron microscope. In-vitro LVN release depicted non-fickian release mechanisms from GL and GR oils-based NES. Ex-vivo permeation of BA/FA integrated NES through isolated rat intestines showed greater flux than non-integrated ones. CONCLUSION Liver histopathology of experimental rats together with in-vivo lipid profiles and liver function tests illustrated that these NES possess the clinical potential to be promising drug carriers for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Faran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University (SETU), Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Li X, He W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu F, Li J, Zhao D, Xia P, Ma W, Wu T, Wang H, Yuan Y. TRIM45 facilitates NASH-progressed HCC by promoting fatty acid synthesis via catalyzing FABP5 ubiquitylation. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03056-7. [PMID: 38755308 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is rapidly surpassing viral hepatitis as the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, understanding of NASH-progressed HCC remains poor, which might impede HCC diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we aim to identify shared transcriptional changes between NASH and HCC, of which we focused on E3 ligase TRIM45. We found TRIM45 exacerbates HCC cells proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Further transcriptome analysis revealed TRIM45 predominantly affects fatty acid metabolism and oleic acid restored impaired proliferation and metastasis of TRIM45-deficient HCC cells. IP-tandem mass spectrum and FABP5 depriving experiment indicated that TRIM45 enhance fatty acid synthesis depending on FABP5 presence. Interestingly, we found TRIM45 directly added K33-type and K63-type poly-ubiquitin chains to FABP5 NLS domain, which ultimately promoted FABP5 nuclear translocation. Nuclear FABP5 interacted with PPARγ to facilitate downstream lipid synthesis gene expression. We observed TRIM45 accelerated NASH-to-HCC transition and exacerbated both NASH and NASH-HCC with the enhanced fatty acid production in vivo. Moreover, high concentration of fatty acid increased TRIM45 expression. The established mechanism was substantiated by gene expression correlation in TCGA-LIHC. Collectively, our research revealed a common lipid reprograming process in NASH and HCC and identified the cyclical amplification of the TRIM45-FABP5-PPARγ-fatty acid axis. This signaling pathway offers potential therapeutic targets for therapeutic intervention in NASH and NASH-progressed HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangwenqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijie Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiangen Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Jia W, Zhong L, Ren Q, Teng D, Gong L, Dong H, Li J, Wang C, He YX, Yang J. Microcystin-RR promote lipid accumulation through CD36 mediated signal pathway and fatty acid uptake in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118402. [PMID: 38309560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC)-RR is a significant analogue of MC-LR, which has been identified as a hepatotoxin capable of influencing lipid metabolism and promoting the progression of liver-related metabolic diseases. However, the toxicity and biological function of MC-RR are still not well understood. In this study, the toxic effects and its role in lipid metabolism of MC-RR were investigated in hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2cells). The results demonstrated that MC-RR dose-dependently reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. Additionally, even at low concentrations, MC-RR promoted lipid accumulation through up-regulating levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethaolamine in HepG2 cells, with no impact on cell viability. Proteomics and transcriptomics analysis further revealed significant alterations in the protein and gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells treated with MC-RR. Bioinformatic analysis, along with subsequent validation, indicated the upregulation of CD36 and activation of the AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR in response to MC-RR exposure. Finally, knockdown of CD36 markedly ameliorated MC-RR-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. These findings collectively suggest that MC-RR promotes lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells through CD36-mediated signal pathway and fatty acid uptake. Our findings provide new insights into the hepatotoxic mechanism of MC-RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Lin Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Qingmiao Ren
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Da Teng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Yong-Xing He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Pozo-Morales M, Cobham AE, Centola C, McKinney MC, Liu P, Perazzolo C, Lefort A, Libert F, Bai H, Rohner N, Singh SP. Starvation-resistant cavefish reveal conserved mechanisms of starvation-induced hepatic lipotoxicity. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302458. [PMID: 38467419 PMCID: PMC10927358 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Starvation causes the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, a somewhat counterintuitive phenomenon that is nevertheless conserved from flies to humans. Much like fatty liver resulting from overfeeding, hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis) during undernourishment can lead to lipotoxicity and atrophy of the liver. Here, we found that although surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus undergo this evolutionarily conserved response to starvation, the starvation-resistant cavefish larvae of the same species do not display an accumulation of lipid droplets upon starvation. Moreover, cavefish are resistant to liver atrophy during starvation, providing a unique system to explore strategies for liver protection. Using comparative transcriptomics between zebrafish, surface fish, and cavefish, we identified the fatty acid transporter slc27a2a/fatp2 to be correlated with the development of fatty liver. Pharmacological inhibition of slc27a2a in zebrafish rescues steatosis and atrophy of the liver upon starvation. Furthermore, down-regulation of FATP2 in Drosophila larvae inhibits the development of starvation-induced steatosis, suggesting the evolutionarily conserved importance of the gene in regulating fatty liver upon nutrition deprivation. Overall, our study identifies a conserved, druggable target to protect the liver from atrophy during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Pozo-Morales
- https://ror.org/01r9htc13 IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ansa E Cobham
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Cielo Centola
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Peiduo Liu
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- https://ror.org/01r9htc13 IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Lefort
- https://ror.org/01r9htc13 IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- https://ror.org/01r9htc13 IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- https://ror.org/01r9htc13 IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Liang X, Qian Q, Xiong J, Liu C, Xu J, Wang N, Xu Y, Zhou P, Lu S, Zhou Q, Yuan Y, Fan X, Liu J, Chen S. Coagulation Factor VII Fine-tunes Hepatic Steatosis by Blocking AKT-CD36-Mediated Fatty Acid Uptake. Diabetes 2024; 73:682-700. [PMID: 38394642 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease owing to its close association with coagulant disturbances. However, the precise biological functions and mechanisms that connect coagulation factors to NAFLD pathology remain inadequately understood. Herein, with unbiased bioinformatics analyses followed by functional testing, we demonstrate that hepatic expression of coagulation factor VII (FVII) decreases in patients and mice with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By using adenovirus-mediated F7-knockdown and hepatocyte-specific F7-knockout mouse models, our mechanistic investigations unveil a noncoagulant function of hepatic FVII in mitigating lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. This protective effect is achieved through the suppression of fatty acid uptake, orchestrated via the AKT-CD36 pathway. Interestingly, intracellular FVII directly interacts with AKT and PP2A, thereby promoting their association and triggering the dephosphorylation of AKT. Therapeutic intervention through adenovirus-mediated liver-specific overexpression of F7 results in noteworthy improvements in liver steatosis, inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in severely afflicted NAFLD mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight coagulation factor FVII as a critical regulator of hepatic steatosis and a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxin Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qiqi Qian
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuchu Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junting Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihui Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wang T, Wang D, Kuang G, Gong X, Zhang L, Wan J, Li K. Derlin-1 promotes diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via increasing RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:29-47. [PMID: 38522486 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Unrestricted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the continuous activation of ER associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway might lead to the aggravation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Derlin-1 has been considered to be an integral part of the ERAD pathway, which is involved in the regulation of the transport and excretion of protein degradation products within ER. However, the regulatory role and mechanism of Derlin-1 in NASH remains unclear. METHODS The expression of Derlin-1 was firstly detected in the liver of normal and NASH animal model and patient. Then, western diet (WD)-induced NASH mice were administrated with the lentivirus-mediated Derlin-1 knockdown or overexpression. Finally, RIPK3 knockout mice were used to explore the mechanism. The liver injury, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as well as ER stress signal pathway were evaluated. RESULTS The levels of Derlin-1 were significantly elevated in the liver of WD-fed mice and NASH patients when compared to the control group. Furthermore, Derlin-1 knockdown attenuated WD-induced liver injury, lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and fibrosis. Conversely, overexpression of Derlin-1 presented the completely opposite results. Mechanistically, Derlin-1 enhanced ER stress pathways and led to necroptosis, and RIPK3 knockout dramatically reduced Derlin-1 expression and reversed the progression of NASH aggravated by Derlin-1. CONCLUSIONS Notably, Derlin-1 is a critical modulator in NASH. It may accelerate the progression of NASH by regulating the activation of the ERAD pathway and further aggravating the ER stress, which might be involved in RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. Therefore, targeting Derlin-1 as a novel intervention point holds the potential to delay or even reverse NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dehua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ge Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Li Y, Qi P, Song SY, Wang Y, Wang H, Cao P, Liu Y, Wang Y. Elucidating cuproptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116585. [PMID: 38615611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) up until January 2024 has highlighted the critical role of cuproptosis, a unique cell death mechanism triggered by copper overload, in the disease's development. This connection offers new insights into MASLD's complex pathogenesis, pointing to copper accumulation as a key factor that disrupts lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The identification of cuproptosis as a significant contributor to MASLD underscores the potential for targeting copper-mediated pathways for novel therapeutic approaches. This promising avenue suggests that managing copper levels could mitigate MASLD progression, offering a fresh perspective on treatment strategies. Further investigations into how cuproptosis influences MASLD are essential for unraveling the detailed mechanisms at play and for identifying effective interventions. The focus on copper's role in liver health opens up the possibility of developing targeted therapies that address the underlying causes of MASLD, moving beyond symptomatic treatment to tackle the root of the problem. The exploration of cuproptosis in the context of MASLD exemplifies the importance of understanding metal homeostasis in metabolic diseases and represents a significant step forward in the quest for more effective treatments. This research direction lights path for innovative MASLD management and reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Liang C, Zhang LW. Profiling the Gut Microbiota in Obese Children with Formula Feeding in Early Life and Selecting Strains against Obesity. Foods 2024; 13:1379. [PMID: 38731751 PMCID: PMC11083066 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Formula feeding, obesity and the gut microbiota are closely related. The present investigation explored the profiles of the intestinal microbiota in obese children over 5 years old with formula feeding in early life. We identified functional bacteria with anti-obesity potential through in vitro and in vivo experiments, elucidating their mechanisms. The results indicated that, in the group of children over 5 years old who were fed formula in early life, obese children exhibited distinct gut microbiota, which were characterized by diminished species diversity and reduced Bifidobacterium levels compared to normal-weight children. As a result, Lactobacillus acidophilus H-68 (H-68) was isolated from the feces of the N-FF group and recognized as a promising candidate. H-68 demonstrated the ability to stimulate cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion in STC-1 cells and produce bile salt hydrolase. In vivo, H-68 promoted CCK secretion, suppressing food intake, and regulated bile acid enterohepatic circulation, leading to increased deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid levels in the ileum and liver. This regulation effectively inhibited the diet-induced body weight and body fat gain, along with the liver fat deposition. In conclusion, H-68 was recognized for its prospective anti-obesity impact, signifying an auspicious pathway for forthcoming interventions targeted at averting pediatric obesity in formula-fed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Lan-Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Xie L, Hao X, Xie J, Mo J, Yuan C, Chen W. Acetylated pelargonidin-3- O-glucoside alleviates hepatocyte lipid deposition through activating the AMPK-mediated lysosome-autophagy pathway and redox state. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38659316 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide public health issue, but a widely accepted therapy is still lacking until now. Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid compounds that possess various bioactivities, but their applications are limited due to their low bioavailability and stability. Acylated anthocyanins are reported to show higher stability, whereas their effects on NAFLD are still unclear. Herein, pelargonidin-3-O-(6''-acetyl)-glucoside (Ace Pg3G) was found to dose-dependently reduce intracellular lipid droplets and triglycerides, and improve cellular oxidative stress that accompanied lipid deposition. Besides, Ace Pg3G was proved to activate AMPK phosphorylation, thus stimulating AMPK-mediated lysosome-autophagy pathway to eliminate overloaded lipid. Further study unveiled that Ace Pg3G regulated genes related to lipid metabolism downstream of AMPK to inhibit lipid synthesis and accelerate lipid oxidation. Overall, this study provided the first evidence, to our best knowledge, that Ace Pg3G ameliorated free fatty acid-induced lipid deposition in hepatocytes through regulating AMPK-mediated autophagy pathways and redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiahong Xie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianling Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Li Y, Yang P, Ye J, Xu Q, Wu J, Wang Y. Updated mechanisms of MASLD pathogenesis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:117. [PMID: 38649999 PMCID: PMC11034170 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has garnered considerable attention globally. Changing lifestyles, over-nutrition, and physical inactivity have promoted its development. MASLD is typically accompanied by obesity and is strongly linked to metabolic syndromes. Given that MASLD prevalence is on the rise, there is an urgent need to elucidate its pathogenesis. Hepatic lipid accumulation generally triggers lipotoxicity and induces MASLD or progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, organelle dysfunction, and ferroptosis. Recently, significant attention has been directed towards exploring the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in the development of MASLD, offering a novel therapeutic target for MASLD. Considering that there are no recognized pharmacological therapies due to the diversity of mechanisms involved in MASLD and the difficulty associated with undertaking clinical trials, potential targets in MASLD remain elusive. Thus, this article aimed to summarize and evaluate the prominent roles of lipotoxicity, ferroptosis, and gut microbes in the development of MASLD and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Furthermore, existing advances and challenges in the treatment of MASLD were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Ye
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Zhang F, Lo EKK, Chen J, Wang K, Felicianna, Ismaiah MJ, Leung HKM, Zhao D, Lee JCY, El-Nezami H. Probiotic Mixture Ameliorates a Diet-Induced MASLD/MASH Murine Model through the Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and the Gut Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8536-8549. [PMID: 38575146 PMCID: PMC11037262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent metabolic disease that has no effective treatment. Our proprietary probiotic mixture, Prohep, has been proven in a previous study to be helpful in reducing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo. However, its prospective benefits on the treatment of other liver diseases such as MASLD, which is one of the major risk factors in the development of HCC, are unclear. To investigate the potential of Prohep in modulating the development and progression of MASLD, we first explored the effect of Prohep supplementation via voluntary intake in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) murine model. Our results indicated that Prohep alleviated HFD-induced liver steatosis and reduced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and improved the plasma lipid profile when compared with HFD-fed control mice through suppressing hepatic de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis gene expressions. In addition, Prohep was able to modulate the gut microbiome, modify the bile acid (BA) profile, and elevate fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Next, in a prolonged HFD-feeding MASLD/MASH model, we observed the effectiveness of Prohep in preventing the transition from MASLD to MASH via amelioration in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Taken together, Prohep could ameliorate HFD-induced MASLD and control the MASLD-to-MASH progression in mice. Our findings provide distinctive insights into the development of novel microbial therapy for the management of MASLD and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Zhang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Emily Kwun Kwan Lo
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Department
of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Leibniz
Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans
Knöll Institute-Microbiome Dynamics, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Ke Wang
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong
Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Research
Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Felicianna
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Hoi Kit Matthew Leung
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong
Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Research
Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Institute
of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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15
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Antonella M, Pietrobattista A, Maggiore G. Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A New Term for a More Appropriate Therapy in Pediatrics? Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:288-299. [PMID: 38651464 PMCID: PMC11036198 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) has been, for a long time, used to describe the spectrum of liver lesions encompassing steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH), and steatotic cirrhosis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosca Antonella
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, ERN RARE LIVER, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di ricerca, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (G.M.)
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16
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Tompach MC, Gridley CK, Li S, Clark JM, Park Y, Timme-Laragy AR. Comparing the effects of developmental exposure to alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114560. [PMID: 38432440 PMCID: PMC11034762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a dietary supplement that has been used to treat a wide range of diseases, including obesity and diabetes, and have lipid-lowering effects, making it a potential candidate for mitigating dyslipidemia resulting from exposures to the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) family member perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). ALA can be considered a non-fluorinated structural analog to PFOS due to their similar 8-carbon chain and amphipathic structure, but, unlike PFOS, is rapidly metabolized. PFOS has been shown to reduce pancreatic islet area and induce β-cell lipotoxicity, indicating that changes in β-cell lipid microenvironment is a mechanism contributing to hypomorphic islets. Due to structural similarities, we hypothesized that ALA may compete with PFOS for binding to proteins and distribution throughout the body to mitigate the effects of PFOS exposure. However, ALA alone reduced islet area and fish length, with several morphological endpoints indicating additive toxicity in the co-exposures. Individually, ALA and PFOS increased fatty acid uptake from the yolk. ALA alone increased liver lipid accumulation, altered fatty acid profiling and modulated PPARɣ pathway signaling. Together, this work demonstrates that ALA and PFOS have similar effects on lipid uptake and metabolism during embryonic development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline C Tompach
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Charlotte K Gridley
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sida Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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17
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Khamseh ME, Malek M, Jahangiri S, Nobarani S, Hekmatdoost A, Salavatizadeh M, Soltanieh S, Chehrehgosha H, Taheri H, Montazeri Z, Attaran F, Ismail-Beigi F, Alaei-Shahmiri F. Insulin Resistance/Sensitivity Measures as Screening Indicators of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1430-1443. [PMID: 38438774 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of insulin resistance (IR)/sensitivity (IS) are emerging tools to identify metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the comprehensive assessment of the performance of various indicators is limited. Moreover, the utility of measures of IR/IS in detecting liver fibrosis remains unclear. AIMS To evaluate the predictive ability of seventeen IR/IS and two beta cell function indices to identify MAFLD and liver fibrosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 25-75 years. Transient elastography was used to estimate liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter. The following measures were computed: homeostatic model assessment (HOMA/HOMA2) for IR, IS, and beta cell function; QUICKI; Bennett index; glucose/insulin; FIRI; McAuley index; Reynaud index; SPISE index; TyG; TyG-BMI; TyG-WC; TyG-WHtR; TG/HDL; and METS-IR. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, gender, diabetes status, and body weight. RESULTS A total of 644 individuals were included in our analysis. MAFLD and significant liver fibrosis were detected in 320 (49.7%) and 80 (12.4%) of the participants, respectively. All measures of IR/IS identified MAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR were the top three indicators that identified MAFLD. Measures that include insulin level in their mathematical calculation, namely, Raynaud index, HOMA-IR, HOMA 2-IR, FIRI, and QUICKI had the best performance in identifying liver fibrosis in the entire population, as well as among the study subgroups. CONCLUSIONS TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR were the best predictors of MAFLD. Insulin-based measures had better performances in the detection of advanced fibrosis. This was independent of age, gender, obesity, or diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Malek
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Jahangiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Nobarani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marieh Salavatizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Soltanieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Chehrehgosha
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Taheri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Montazeri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Attaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Wang S, Li X, Zhang B, Li Y, Chen K, Qi H, Gao M, Rong J, Liu L, Wan Y, Dong X, Yan M, Ma L, Li P, Zhao T. Tangshen formula targets the gut microbiota to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HFD mice: A 16S rRNA and non-targeted metabolomics analyses. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116405. [PMID: 38484559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tangshen formula (TSF) has an ameliorative effect on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the role played by the gut microbiota in this process is unknown. METHOD We conducted three batches of experiments to explore the role played by the gut microbiota: TSF administration, antibiotic treatment, and fecal microbial transplantation. NAFLD mice were induced with a high-fat diet to investigate the ameliorative effects of TSF on NAFLD features and intestinal barrier function. 16S rRNA sequencing and serum untargeted metabolomics were performed to further investigate the modulatory effects of TSF on the gut microbiota and metabolic dysregulation in the body. RESULTS TSF ameliorated insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation, and impairment of intestinal barrier function. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that TSF regulated the composition of the gut microbiota and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed the importance of the gut microbiota in the treatment of NAFLD with TSF. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomics identified 172 differential metabolites due to the treatment of TSF. Functional predictions suggest that metabolisms of choline, glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid are the key metabolic pathways by which TSF ameliorates NAFLD and this may be influenced by the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION TSF treats the NAFLD phenotype by remodeling the gut microbiota and improving metabolic profile, suggesting that TSF is a functional gut microbial and metabolic modulator for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kexu Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Huimin Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Rong
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zoucheng Market Supervision Administration, Jining, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Wan
- Research and Development Department, Nanjing Denovo Pharma Co., Ltd, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Rsepiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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Huneault HE, Chen CY, Cohen CC, Liu X, Jarrell ZR, He Z, DeSantos KE, Welsh JA, Maner-Smith KM, Ortlund EA, Schwimmer JB, Vos MB. Lipidome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38668319 PMCID: PMC11052520 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about lipid changes that occur in the setting of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) regression. We previously reported improvements in hepatic steatosis, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and metabolomic profiles associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and selected lipid metabolism in 40 adolescent boys (11-16 y) with hepatic steatosis ≥5% (98% meeting the definition of MASLD). Participants were randomized to a low-free-sugar diet (LFSD) (n = 20) or usual diet (n = 20) for 8 weeks. Here, we employed untargeted/targeted lipidomics to examine lipid adaptations associated with the LFSD and improvement of hepatic steatosis. Our LC-MS/MS analysis revealed decreased triglycerides (TGs), diacylglycerols (DGs), cholesteryl esters (ChE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) species with the diet intervention (p < 0.05). Network analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of palmitate-enriched TG species post-intervention, mirroring the previously shown reduction in DNL in response to the LFSD. Targeted oxylipins analysis revealed a decrease in the abundance of 8-isoprostane and 14,15-DiHET and an increase in 8,9-DiHET (p < 0.05). Overall, we observed reductions in TGs, DGs, ChE, PC, and LPC species among participants in the LFSD group. These same lipids have been associated with MASLD progression; therefore, our findings may indicate normalization of key biological processes, including lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity. Additionally, our targeted oxylipins assay revealed novel changes in eicosanoids, suggesting improvements in oxidative stress. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of these findings and prospects of these lipids as biomarkers of MASLD regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina E. Huneault
- Nutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.B.V.)
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.-Y.C.); (X.L.); (E.A.O.)
| | - Catherine C. Cohen
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (K.M.M.-S.)
| | - Xueyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.-Y.C.); (X.L.); (E.A.O.)
| | - Zachery R. Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Zhulin He
- Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Karla E. DeSantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jean A. Welsh
- Nutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.B.V.)
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (K.M.M.-S.)
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.-Y.C.); (X.L.); (E.A.O.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Nutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.B.V.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Choochuay K, Kunhapan P, Puangpetch A, Tongsima S, Srisawasdi P, Sobhonslidsuk A, Sungkanuparph S, Biswas M, Sukasem C. Associations of PNPLA3 and LEP genetic polymorphisms with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Thai people living with human immunodeficiency virus. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:366-378. [PMID: 38577531 PMCID: PMC10989307 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident. AIM To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH. METHODS The study employed transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m to identify MAFLD in patients from a Super Tertiary Hospital in central Thailand. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan® MGB probe 5' nuclease assays for seven MAFLD-related genes. Statistical analyses included SNP frequency analysis, Fisher's Exact and Chi-square tests, odds ratio calculations, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The G-allele carriers of PNPLA3 (rs738409) exhibited a two-fold rise in MAFLD, increasing by 2.5 times in MAFLD with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features and genetic patterns imply that LEP rs7799039 A-allele carriers had a nine times (P = 0.001) more significant chance of developing aberrant triglyceride among PLWH. CONCLUSION The current study shows an association between PNPLA3 rs738409 and LEP rs7799039 with MAFLD in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanuengnit Choochuay
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Punna Kunhapan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Puangpetch
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuek Sungkanuparph
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Mohitosh Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics Clinic, Bumrungrad Genomic Medicine Institute, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Research and Development Laboratory, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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21
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Tsouka S, Kumar P, Seubnooch P, Freiburghaus K, St-Pierre M, Dufour JF, Masoodi M. Transcriptomics-driven metabolic pathway analysis reveals similar alterations in lipid metabolism in mouse MASH model and human. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:39. [PMID: 38443644 PMCID: PMC10914730 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, and can rapidly progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Accurate preclinical models and methodologies are needed to understand underlying metabolic mechanisms and develop treatment strategies. Through meta-analysis of currently proposed mouse models, we hypothesized that a diet- and chemical-induced MASH model closely resembles the observed lipid metabolism alterations in humans. METHODS We developed transcriptomics-driven metabolic pathway analysis (TDMPA), a method to aid in the evaluation of metabolic resemblance. TDMPA uses genome-scale metabolic models to calculate enzymatic reaction perturbations from gene expression data. We performed TDMPA to score and compare metabolic pathway alterations in MASH mouse models to human MASH signatures. We used an already-established WD+CCl4-induced MASH model and performed functional assays and lipidomics to confirm TDMPA findings. RESULTS Both human MASH and mouse models exhibit numerous altered metabolic pathways, including triglyceride biosynthesis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. We confirm a significant reduction in mitochondrial functions and bioenergetics, as well as in acylcarnitines for the mouse model. We identify a wide range of lipid species within the most perturbed pathways predicted by TDMPA. Triglycerides, phospholipids, and bile acids are increased significantly in mouse MASH liver, confirming our initial observations. CONCLUSIONS We introduce TDMPA, a methodology for evaluating metabolic pathway alterations in metabolic disorders. By comparing metabolic signatures that typify human MASH, we show a good metabolic resemblance of the WD+CCl4 mouse model. Our presented approach provides a valuable tool for defining metabolic space to aid experimental design for assessing metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tsouka
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patcharamon Seubnooch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Freiburghaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie St-Pierre
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre des Maladie Digestives, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Barreto II, Gonçalves LR, Corrêa AF, Marin-Morales MA, Moraes KCM. Predictive toxicological effects of Artemisia absinthium essential oil on hepatic stellate cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105738. [PMID: 38000518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are important worldwide, considering their properties for treating diseases; however, few studies have evaluated their toxicological potential. Among them, Artemisia absinthium is frequently used to treat liver diseases, because its essential oil has several popular therapeutic properties. Based on this information, in the present study, we investigated molecular connectors of physiological effects of the Artemisia absinthium essential oil on human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, to explore the potential toxicity of the plant on liver cells. LX-2 is a cellular model to investigate mechanisms of liver fibrosis; then, to analyze the essential oil effects LX-2 was cultured under different conditions, treated or not with the essential oil at 0.4 μg/μL for 24 h. Next, fluorescence microscopy analyses, gene expression measurements, and biochemical approaches revealed that the essential oil reduced pro-fibrogenic markers; however, disrupt lipid metabolism, and cause cellular stress, by the activation of cellular detoxification and pro-inflammatory processes. In conclusion, the hepatic stellate cells incubated with the essential oil present an antifibrotic potential, supporting its popular use; however, the combined results suggest that the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Barreto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Araraquara, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - L R Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - A F Corrêa
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Marin-Morales
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - K C M Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Araraquara, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Liang C, Murray S, Li Y, Lee R, Low A, Sasaki S, Chiang AWT, Lin WJ, Mathews J, Barnes W, Lewis NE. LipidSIM: Inferring mechanistic lipid biosynthesis perturbations from lipidomics with a flexible, low-parameter, Markov modeling framework. Metab Eng 2024; 82:110-122. [PMID: 38311182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is a complex and dynamic system involving numerous enzymes at the junction of multiple metabolic pathways. Disruption of these pathways leads to systematic dyslipidemia, a hallmark of many pathological developments, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes. Recent advances in computational tools can provide insights into the dysregulation of lipid biosynthesis, but limitations remain due to the complexity of lipidomic data, limited knowledge of interactions among involved enzymes, and technical challenges in standardizing across different lipid types. Here, we present a low-parameter, biologically interpretable framework named Lipid Synthesis Investigative Markov model (LipidSIM), which models and predicts the source of perturbations in lipid biosynthesis from lipidomic data. LipidSIM achieves this by accounting for the interdependency between the lipid species via the lipid biosynthesis network and generates testable hypotheses regarding changes in lipid biosynthetic reactions. This feature allows the integration of lipidomics with other omics types, such as transcriptomics, to elucidate the direct driving mechanisms of altered lipidomes due to treatments or disease progression. To demonstrate the value of LipidSIM, we first applied it to hepatic lipidomics following Keap1 knockdown and found that changes in mRNA expression of the lipid pathways were consistent with the LipidSIM-predicted fluxes. Second, we used it to study lipidomic changes following intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 to induce fast NAFLD/NASH development and the progression of fibrosis and hepatic cancer. Finally, to show the power of LipidSIM for classifying samples with dyslipidemia, we used a Dgat2-knockdown study dataset. Thus, we show that as it demands no a priori knowledge of enzyme kinetics, LipidSIM is a valuable and intuitive framework for extracting biological insights from complex lipidomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sue Murray
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Audrey Low
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Shruti Sasaki
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Austin W T Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wen-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Joel Mathews
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Will Barnes
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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24
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Lu H, Ban Z, Xiao K, Sun M, Liu Y, Chen F, Shi T, Chen L, Shao D, Zhang M, Li W. Hepatic-Accumulated Obeticholic Acid and Atorvastatin Self-Assembled Nanocrystals Potentiate Ameliorative Effects in Treatment of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308866. [PMID: 38196299 PMCID: PMC10933608 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Exploration of medicines for efficient and safe management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains a challenge. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a selective farnesoid X receptor agonist, has been reported to ameliorate injury and inflammation in various liver diseases. However, its clinical application is mainly limited by poor solubility, low bioavailability, and potential side effects. Herein a hepatic-targeted nanodrugs composed of OCA and cholesterol-lowering atorvastatin (AHT) with an ideal active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content for orally combined treatment of MAFLD is created. Such carrier-free nanocrystals (OCAHTs) are self-assembled, not only improving the stability in gastroenteric environments but also achieving hepatic accumulation through the bile acid transporter-mediated enterohepatic recycling process. Orally administrated OCAHT outperforms the simple combination of OCA and AHT in ameliorating of liver damage and inflammation in both acetaminophen-challenged mice and high-fat diet-induced MAFLD mice with less systematic toxicity. Importantly, OCAHT exerts profoundly reverse effects on MAFLD-associated molecular pathways, including impairing lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the antioxidation response. This work not only provides a facile bile acid transporter-based strategy for hepatic-targeting drug delivery but also presents an efficient and safe full-API nanocrystal with which to facilitate the practical translation of nanomedicines against MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfen Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong511442China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Zhenglan Ban
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Madi Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong511442China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal MaterialsJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China
| | - Fangman Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong511442China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Li Chen
- College of MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Dan Shao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong511442China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal MaterialsJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China
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Fan G, Huang L, Wang M, Kuang H, Li Y, Yang X. GPAT3 deficiency attenuates corticosterone-caused hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress through GSK3β/Nrf2 signals. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167007. [PMID: 38185063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.167007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may worsen due to chronic stress or prolonged use of glucocorticoids. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3), has a function in obesity and serves as a key rate-limiting enzyme that regulates triglyceride synthesis. However, the precise impact of GPAT3 on corticosterone (CORT)-induced NAFLD and its underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. For our in vivo experiments, we utilized male and female mice that were GPAT3-/- and wild type (WT) and treated them with CORT for a duration of 4 weeks. In our in vitro experiments, we transfected AML12 cells with GPAT3 siRNA and subsequently treated them with CORT. Under CORT-treated conditions, the absence of GPAT3 greatly improved obesity and hepatic steatosis while enhancing the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, as evidenced by our findings. In addition, the deletion of GPAT3 significantly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the expression of antioxidant genes, and recovered the mitochondrial membrane potential in AML12 cells treated with CORT. In terms of mechanism, the absence of GPAT3 encouraged the activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which served as a defense mechanism against liver fat accumulation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, GPAT3 expression was directly controlled at the transcriptional level by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Collectively, our findings suggest that GPAT3 deletion significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress through promoting GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haoran Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Hu Y, Yuan C, Abdulnaimu M, Memetmin J, Jie Z, Tuhuti A, Abudueini H, Guo Y. U-Shaped relationship of insulin-like growth factor I and incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1290007. [PMID: 38370349 PMCID: PMC10869555 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1290007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Although the role of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has garnered attention in recent years, few studies have examined both reduced and elevated levels of IGF-1. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the potential relationship between IGF-1 levels and the risk of new-onset NAFLD in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). Methods We employed multivariable Cox regression models and two-piecewise regression models to assess the association between IGF-1 and new-onset NAFLD. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to quantify this association. Furthermore, a dose-response correlation between lgIGF-1 and the development of NAFLD was plotted. Additionally, we also performed subgroup analysis and a series sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 3,291 PitNET patients were enrolled in the present study, and the median duration of follow-up was 65 months. Patients with either reduced or elevated levels of IGF-1 at baseline were found to be at a higher risk of NAFLD compared to PitNET patients with normal IGF-1(log-rank test, P < 0.001). In the adjusted Cox regression analysis model (model IV), compared with participants with normal IGF-1, the HRs of those with elevated and reduced IGF-1 were 2.33 (95% CI 1.75, 3.11) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.78, 2.7). Furthermore, in non-adjusted or adjusted models, our study revealed a U-shaped relationship between lgIGF-1 and the risk of NAFLD. Moreover, the results from subgroup and sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main results. Conclusions There was a U-shaped trend between IGF-1 and new-onset NAFLD in patients with PitNET. Further evaluation of our discoveries is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
| | - Muila Abdulnaimu
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
| | - Jimilanmu Memetmin
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhang Jie
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
| | - Aihemaitijiang Tuhuti
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
| | - Hanikzi Abudueini
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Urumqi, China
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Hirata A, Harada S, Iida M, Kurihara A, Fukai K, Kuwabara K, Kato S, Matsumoto M, Sata M, Miyagawa N, Toki R, Edagawa S, Sugiyama D, Sato A, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M, Okamura T, Takebayashi T. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Arterial Stiffness and its Metabolomic Profiling in Japanese Community-Dwellers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024:64616. [PMID: 38311416 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be associated with atherosclerosis. This study focused on upstream changes in the process by which NAFLD leads to atherosclerosis. The study aimed to confirm the association between NAFLD and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis, and explore metabolites involved in both by assessing 94 plasma polar metabolites. METHODS A total of 928 Japanese community-dwellers (306 men and 622 women) were included in this study. The association between NAFLD and CAVI was examined using a multivariable regression model adjusted for confounders. Metabolites commonly associated with NAFLD and CAVI were investigated using linear mixed-effects models in which batch numbers of metabolite measurements were used as a random-effects variable, and false discovery rate-adjusted p-values were calculated. To determine the extent to which these metabolites mediated the association between NAFLD and CAVI, mediation analysis was conducted. RESULTS NAFLD was positively associated with CAVI (coefficients [95% Confidence intervals (CI)]=0.23 [0.09-0.37]; p=0.001). A total of 10 metabolites were involved in NAFLD and CAVI, namely, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine), aromatic amino acids (AAAs; tyrosine and tryptophan), alanine, proline, glutamic acid, glycerophosphorylcholine, and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. Mediation analysis showed that BCAAs mediated more than 20% of the total effect in the association between NAFLD and CAVI. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was associated with a marker of atherosclerosis, and several metabolites related to insulin resistance, including BCAAs and AAAs, could be involved in the process by which NAFLD leads to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ayako Kurihara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kota Fukai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Suzuka Kato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ryota Toki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shun Edagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University
| | - Asako Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | | | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
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Maseko TE, Elkalaf M, Peterová E, Lotková H, Staňková P, Melek J, Dušek J, Žádníková P, Čížková D, Bezrouk A, Pávek P, Červinková Z, Kučera O. Comparison of HepaRG and HepG2 cell lines to model mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:18. [PMID: 38186319 PMCID: PMC10781417 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some clinical studies have reported increased mitochondrial respiration in patients with fatty liver and early non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), there is a lack of in vitro models of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar findings. Despite being the most commonly used immortalized cell line for in vitro models of NAFLD, HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) exhibit a decreased mitochondrial respiration. On the other hand, the use of HepaRG cells to study mitochondrial respiratory changes following exposure to FFAs has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess cellular energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial respiration, and lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG and HepG2 cells. HepaRG and HepG2 cells were exposed to FFAs, followed by comparative analyses that examained cellular metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities, mitochondrial morphology, lipotoxicity, the mRNA expression of selected genes and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. FFAs stimulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in HepaRG cells, but not in HepG2 cells. Stimulated complex I, II‑driven respiration and β‑oxidation were linked to increased complex I and II activities in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. Exposure to FFAs disrupted mitochondrial morphology in both HepaRG and HepG2 cells. Lipotoxicity was induced to a greater extent in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells than in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. TAG accumulation was less prominent in HepaRG cells than in HepG2 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that stimulated mitochondrial respiration is associated with lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that HepaRG cells are more suitable for assessing mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in the developed in vitro model of early‑stage NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumisang Edward Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Halka Lotková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Melek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Čížková
- Department of Histology and Embryology Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Luo R, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang W, Wang P, Ke Z, Lou D, Tian W. Hesperidin Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipotoxicity in Rats by Inhibiting Pyroptosis. J Med Food 2024; 27:154-166. [PMID: 38294790 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
It is currently thought that excess fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes is a critical initiator in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipotoxicity can induce hepatocyte death; thus, reducing lipotoxicity is one of the most effective therapeutic methods to combat NAFLD. Abundant evidence has shown that hesperidin (HSP), a type of flavanone mainly found in citrus fruits, is able to ameliorate NAFLD, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. We previously reported that pyroptosis contributed to NAFLD development and that inhibiting pyroptosis contributed to blunting the progression of NAFLD in rat models. Therefore, we questioned whether HSP could contribute to ameliorating NAFLD by modulating pyroptosis. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) induced dyslipidemia and hepatic lipotoxicity in rats, and HSP supplementation ameliorated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, the HFD also caused pyroptosis in the liver and pancreas, while HSP supplementation ameliorated pyroptosis. In vitro, we found that HSP ameliorated palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity and pyroptosis in HepG2 and INS-1E cells. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that HSP has a protective effect against liver and pancreas damage in terms of pyroptosis and provides a novel mechanism for the protective effects of HSP on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Luo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yudie Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - La Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zunli Ke
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Didong Lou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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Wang W, Chen S, Xu S, Liao G, Li W, Yang X, Li T, Zhang H, Huang H, Zhou Y, Pan H, Lin C. Jianpi Shengqing Huazhuo Formula improves abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117102. [PMID: 37660955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jianpi Shengqing Huazhuo Formula (JSH) is a modified prescription based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and classic prescriptions (Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Yuye Decoction). It has been found that JSH has a good effect on obese patients with early abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study its clinical efficacy and pharmacological effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To observe the clinical efficacy of JSH and explore the mechanism of the formula to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION 10 overweight/obese patients with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism were selected to observe the indicators of serum glucose, serum lipids and liver damage of the patients before and after treatment with JSH. 2. Animal experiments: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Metformin group (120 mg/kg/day), JSH-L group (5 g/kg/day) and JSH-H group (20 g/kg/day), with 10 rats in each group. The obese SD rat model was produced by feeding 60% high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the drug group was given prophylactic administration for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight, abdominal fat, plasma glucose, plasma lipids, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma were detected by Elisa, and the changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in plasma and liver tissue were detected by kits. The pathological changes and lipid deposition in liver were observed by HE staining and oil red O staining, and the changes in the number of mitochondria in liver cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR and Western Blot (WB) were used to detect the mitochondrial regulation-related indicators PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, MFN2, DRP1 and apoptosis-related indicators Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 8 in liver tissue. RESULTS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION After one month administration, the patient's body weight, BMI, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly, and the indicators of liver damage AST and ALT also decreased significantly. 2. Animal experiments: JSH can significantly reduce body weight and abdominal fat area, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and also reduce plasma IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α content in obese rats, and improve oxidative stress; HE staining and oil red O staining also showed that JSH can alleviate liver damage and lipid deposition in the liver. Further observations of liver cell ultrastructure showed that JSH can ameliorate the reduction of liver mitochondria caused by a high-fat diet and promote the expression of indicators of mitochondrial biogenesis related to PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Moreover, JSH could promote the expression of MFN2 and DRP1, decrease Bcl-2 and increase Bax in the liver. CONCLUSIONS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION JSH can reduce body weight, serum glucose, serum lipid, and liver injury in overweight/obese patients. 2. Animal experiments: JSH regulates PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling pathway promotes liver mitochondrial biogenesis, improves glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats, and regulates mitochondrial dependent apoptosis indicators Bcl-2/Bax to reduce liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shuting Xu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Guangyi Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Weihao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Huifen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Chuanquan Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Weng W, Shen L, Yu X, Yuan R, Shao M, Han P, Sun H. Artemether regulates liver glycogen and lipid utilization through mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation in db/db mice. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:27-38. [PMID: 38322550 PMCID: PMC10839377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes is an important global health problem. The occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves multiple organs, among which the liver is an important organ. Artemether is a methyl ether derivative of artemisinin and has displayed significant antidiabetic effects. However, its regulation of glucose metabolism is not clearly elucidated. This study explored the effect of artemether on liver mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism. METHODS T2D db/db mice were used and grouped into db/db and db/db+Art groups. Lean wild type mice served as control. After artemether intervention for 12 weeks, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), redox state, relevant serum lipid content, liver glycogen and lipid content, liver insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signal transduction, mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation pathway, fatty acid and glycogen metabolic pathways were evaluated. RESULTS This experiment demonstrated that artemether raised RER and enhanced liver mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in db/db mice. Artemether also reduced serum and urinary lipid peroxidation products and regulated the redox status in liver. The accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice was attenuated, the proportion of lipid content in serum and liver was changed by artemether. The signal pathway associated with liver glycogen metabolism was also regulated by artemether. In addition, artemether increased serum insulin and regulated insulin/IGF-1 signal pathway in liver. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed that artemether can regulate liver glycogen and lipid utilization in T2D mice, its biological mechanisms were associated with mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenci Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Mumin Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengxun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNo. 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Zhao X, Zhu Y, Yao Q, Zhao B, Lin G, Zhang M, Guo C, Li Y. Lipidomics Investigation Reveals the Reversibility of Hepatic Injury by Silica Nanoparticles in Rats After a 6-Week Recovery Duration. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301430. [PMID: 38191992 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Given the inevitable human exposure owing to its increasing production and utilization, the comprehensive safety evaluation of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has sparked concerns. Substantial evidence indicated liver damage by inhaled SiNPs. Notwithstanding, few reports focused on the persistence or reversibility of hepatic injuries, and the intricate molecular mechanisms involved remain limited. Here, rats are intratracheally instilled with SiNPs in two regimens (a 3-month exposure and a subsequent 6-week recovery after terminating SiNPs administration) to assess the hepatic effects. Nontargeted lipidomics revealed alterations in lipid metabolites as a contributor to the hepatic response and recovery effects of SiNPs. In line with the functional analysis of differential lipid metabolites, SiNPs activated oxidative stress, and induced lipid peroxidation and lipid deposition in the liver, as evidenced by the elevated hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, TC, and TG. Of note, these indicators showed great improvements after a 6-week recovery, even returning to the control levels. According to the correlation, ROC curve, and SEM analysis, 11 lipids identified as potential regulatory molecules for ameliorating liver injury by SiNPs. Collectively, the work first revealed the reversibility of SiNP-elicited hepatotoxicity from the perspective of lipidomics and offered valuable laboratory evidence and therapeutic strategy to facilitate nanosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yawen Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bosen Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Yadav P, Singh SK, Rajput S, Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Weiskirchen R, Navik U. Therapeutic potential of stem cells in regeneration of liver in chronic liver diseases: Current perspectives and future challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108563. [PMID: 38013053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of extracellular matrix and hyperplasia of connective tissue characterizes chronic liver disease called hepatic fibrosis. Progression of hepatic fibrosis may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. At this stage, only liver transplantation is a viable option. However, the number of possible liver donors is less than the number of patients needing transplantation. Consequently, alternative cell therapies based on non-stem cells (e.g., fibroblasts, chondrocytes, keratinocytes, and hepatocytes) therapy may be able to postpone hepatic disease, but they are often ineffective. Thus, novel stem cell-based therapeutics might be potentially important cutting-edge approaches for treating liver diseases and reducing patient' suffering. Several signaling pathways provide targets for stem cell interventions. These include pathways such as TGF-β, STAT3/BCL-2, NADPH oxidase, Raf/MEK/ERK, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stimulate interleukin (IL)-10, which inhibits T-cells and converts M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages, producing an anti-inflammatory environment. Furthermore, it inhibits the action of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and reduces the activity of TNF-α and interferon cytokines by enhancing IL-4 synthesis. Consequently, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capabilities of MSCs make them an attractive therapeutic approach. Importantly, MSCs can inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells, causing their apoptosis and subsequent promotion of hepatocyte proliferation, thereby replacing dead hepatocytes and reducing liver fibrosis. This review discusses the multidimensional therapeutic role of stem cells as cell-based therapeutics in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Sumeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Sonu Rajput
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (VIPER), Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences (Pt. B. D. S. UHS), Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Ali H, Shahzil M, Moond V, Shahzad M, Thandavaram A, Sehar A, Waseem H, Siddiqui T, Dahiya DS, Patel P, Tillmann H. Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice. J Pers Med 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38248762 PMCID: PMC10817352 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a practical and comprehensive overview of non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), focusing on dietary and exercise strategies. It highlights the effectiveness of coffee consumption, intermittent fasting, and Mediterranean and ketogenic diets in improving metabolic and liver health. The review emphasizes the importance of combining aerobic and resistance training as a critical approach to reducing liver fat and increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it discusses the synergy between diet and exercise in enhancing liver parameters and the role of gut microbiota in MASLD. The paper underscores the need for a holistic, individualized approach, integrating diet, exercise, gut health, and patient motivation. It also highlights the long-term benefits and minimal risks of lifestyle interventions compared to the side effects of pharmacological and surgical options. The review calls for personalized treatment strategies, continuous patient education, and further research to optimize therapeutic outcomes in MASLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, ECU Health Medical Center, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahzil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA;
| | - Vishali Moond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Maria Shahzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abhay Thandavaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad 500068, Telangana, India
| | - Alina Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham-Huntsville Campus, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
| | - Haniya Waseem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Tampa, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Taha Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital, Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY 11777, USA;
| | - Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mather Hospital, Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY 11777, USA
| | - Hans Tillmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, ECU Health Medical Center, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Ren G, Bai C, Yi S, Cong Q, Zhu Y. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for MAFLD Targeting TLR4 Signaling Pathways. J Innate Immun 2023; 16:45-55. [PMID: 38128497 PMCID: PMC10783892 DOI: 10.1159/000535524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are intricate and involve various factors. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of available effective treatment options. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern-recognition receptors that are responsible for activating the innate immune system. Research has demonstrated that TLR4 plays a pivotal role in the progression of MAFLD by facilitating the pathophysiological mechanisms. SUMMARY Lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory factors, insulin resistance (IR), and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota are considered as the pathogenic mechanisms of MAFLD. This review summarizes the impact of TLR4 signaling pathways on the progression of MAFLD, specifically in relation to lipid metabolic disorders, IR, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota disorders. Additionally, we emphasize the potential therapeutic approaches for MAFLD that target TLR4 signaling pathways, including the use of plant extracts, traditional Chinese medicines, probiotics, pharmaceuticals such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor antagonists and farnesol X agonists, and lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and exercise also considered. Furthermore, TLR4 signaling pathways have also been linked to the lean MAFLD. KEY MESSAGES TLR4 plays a crucial role in MAFLD by triggering IR, buildup of lipids, imbalance in gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and initiation of immune responses. The mitigation of MAFLD can be accomplished by suppressing the TLR4 signaling pathway. In the future, it could potentially emerge as a therapeutic target for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Ren
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,
| | - Changchuan Bai
- Dalian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Sitong Yi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Cong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zang L, Kagotani K, Hayakawa T, Tsuji T, Okumura K, Shimada Y, Nishimura N. The Hexane Extract of Citrus sphaerocarpa Ameliorates Visceral Adiposity by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathways in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:8026. [PMID: 38138517 PMCID: PMC10745821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging global health issue with an increasing risk of disease linked to lifestyle choices. Previously, we reported that the hexane extract of Citrus sphaerocarpa (CSHE) suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we conducted in vivo experiments to assess whether CSHE suppressed obesity in zebrafish and mouse models. We administered 10 and 20 μg/mL CSHE to obese zebrafish juveniles. CSHE significantly inhibited visceral fat accumulation compared to untreated obese fish. Moreover, the oral administration (100 μg/g body weight/day) of CSHE to high-fat-diet-induced obese mice significantly reduced their body weight, visceral fat volume, and hepatic lipid accumulation. The expression analyses of key regulatory genes involved in lipid metabolism revealed that CSHE upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes in the mouse liver (Pparα and Acox1) and downregulated lipogenesis-related gene (Fasn) expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Fluorescence immunostaining demonstrated the CSHE-mediated enhanced phosphorylation of AKT, AMPK, ACC, and FoxO1, which are crucial factors regulating adipogenesis. CSHE-treated differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes also exhibited an increased phosphorylation of ACC. Therefore, we propose that CSHE suppresses adipogenesis and enhances lipolysis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and AMPK/ACC signaling pathways. These findings suggested that CSHE is a promising novel preventive and therapeutic agent for managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Kagotani
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (T.H.); (T.T.)
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka 515-0053, Mie, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayakawa
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (T.H.); (T.T.)
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka 515-0053, Mie, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tsuji
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (T.H.); (T.T.)
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka 515-0053, Mie, Japan
| | - Katsuzumi Okumura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Centre, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
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Šmíd V, Dvořák K, Stehnová K, Strnad H, Rubert J, Stříteský J, Staňková B, Stránská M, Hajšlová J, Brůha R, Vítek L. The Ameliorating Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat Methionine Choline-Deficient Diet in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17226. [PMID: 38139055 PMCID: PMC10743075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with abnormalities of liver lipid metabolism. On the contrary, a diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) has been reported to ameliorate the progression of NAFLD. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of dietary n-3-PUFA enrichment on the development of NAFLD and liver lipidome. Mice were fed for 6 weeks either a high-fat methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) or standard chow with or without n-3-PUFAs. Liver histology, serum biochemistry, detailed plasma and liver lipidomic analyses, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis were performed. Mice fed an MCD developed histopathological changes characteristic of NAFLD, and these changes were ameliorated with n-3-PUFAs. Simultaneously, n-3-PUFAs decreased serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations as well as ALT and AST activities. N-3-PUFAs decreased serum concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated free fatty acids (FAs), while increasing serum concentrations of long-chain PUFAs. Furthermore, in the liver, the MCD significantly increased the hepatic triacylglycerol content, while the administration of n-3-PUFAs eliminated this effect. Administration of n-3-PUFAs led to significant beneficial differences in gene expression within biosynthetic pathways of cholesterol, FAs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α). To conclude, n-3-PUFA supplementation appears to represent a promising nutraceutical approach for the restoration of abnormalities in liver lipid metabolism and the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šmíd
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Karel Dvořák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Kamila Stehnová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Stříteský
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stránská
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Radan Brůha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Casari M, Siegl D, Deppermann C, Schuppan D. Macrophages and platelets in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277808. [PMID: 38116017 PMCID: PMC10728659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During fibrosis, (myo)fibroblasts deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, thereby replacing healthy functional tissue. In liver fibrosis, this leads to the loss of hepatocyte function, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and increased susceptibility to infection. At an early stage, liver fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process, however, from the cirrhotic stage, there is significant progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Both liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers of fibrosis progression, but can also induce its regression once triggers of chronic inflammation are eliminated. In liver cancer, they are attracted to the tumor site to become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized towards a M2- anti-inflammatory/tumor-promoting phenotype. Besides their role in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets can also stimulate fibrosis and tumor development by secreting profibrogenic factors and regulating the innate immune response, e.g., by interacting with monocytes and macrophages. Here, we review recent literature on the role of macrophages and platelets and their interplay in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Casari
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immune Therapy Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immune Therapy Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Harrison SA, Dubourg J, Knott M, Colca J. Hyperinsulinemia, an overlooked clue and potential way forward in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00671. [PMID: 38051957 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is closely associated with other features of the metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes. The progression of the disease may lead to liver fibrosis, which is the main predictor of major adverse liver outcomes. Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A component of fasting hyperinsulinemia is a failure of the liver to adjust the peripheral level of insulin due to reduced clearance. The associated fasting hyperinsulinemia has been independently associated as a predictor of major adverse liver outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanism and entanglement between liver fibrosis and hyperinsulinemia, and we hypothesize that the measure of fasting insulin could become a hepatic functional test within the armamentarium of noninvasive tests for the assessment of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Dubourg
- Medical Science, Summit Clinical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Maddie Knott
- Clinical Research, Pinnacle Clinical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jerry Colca
- Research and Development, Cirius Therapeutics, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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Díaz LA, Arab JP, Louvet A, Bataller R, Arrese M. The intersection between alcohol-related liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:764-783. [PMID: 37582985 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD and ALD share pathophysiological, histological and genetic features and both alcohol and metabolic dysfunction coexist as aetiological factors in many patients with hepatic steatosis. A diagnosis of NAFLD requires the exclusion of significant alcohol consumption and other causes of liver disease. However, data suggest that significant alcohol consumption is often under-reported in patients classified as having NAFLD and that alcohol and metabolic factors interact to exacerbate the progression of liver disease. In this Review, we analyse existing data on the interaction between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome as well as the overlapping features and differences in the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD. We also discuss the clinical implications of the coexistence of alcohol consumption, of any degree, in patients with evidence of metabolic derangement as well as the use of alcohol biomarkers to detect alcohol intake. Finally, we summarize the evolving nomenclature of fatty liver disease and describe a recent proposal to classify patients at the intersection of NAFLD and ALD. We propose that, regardless of the presumed aetiology, patients with fatty liver disease should be evaluated for both metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption to enable better prognostication and a personalized medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille Cedex, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Unité INSERM INFINITE 1286, Lille, France
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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43
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Teixeira FS, Pimentel LL, Pintado ME, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism and biomarkers in fatty liver disease. Biochimie 2023; 215:69-74. [PMID: 37769937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and currently has no specific treatments. Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, exercise, and dietary changes are recommended to reduce the risk factors associated with the disease. Oxidized cholesterol products, some phospholipids and diacylglycerols can activate inflammatory pathways and contribute to the progression to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Monitoring the whole plasma and liver lipidome may provide insights into the onset, development, and prevention of inflammatory-related diseases. As Lipid Droplets (LDs) represent augmented lipid reservoirs in NAFLD, new developments are being made on different therapies focused on LD associated proteins modulation (seipin, PLIN-2), as well as LD lipophagy mechanisms. The information covered in this publication provides an overview of the available research on lipid biomarkers linked to NAFLD and can be used to guide the development of future pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
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Terzo S, Calvi P, Giardina M, Gallizzi G, Di Carlo M, Nuzzo D, Picone P, Puleio R, Mulè F, Scoglio S, Amato A. Positive Impacts of Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae Extract on Obesity-Related Dysmetabolism in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:2706. [PMID: 38067134 PMCID: PMC10705513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability of KlamExtra®, an Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) extract, to counteract metabolic dysfunctions due to a high fat diet (HFD) or to accelerate their reversion induced by switching an HFD to a normocaloric diet in mice with diet-induced obesity. A group of HFD mice was fed with an HFD supplemented with AFA (HFD-AFA) and another one was fed with regular chow (standard diet-STD) alone or supplemented with AFA (STD-AFA). AFA was able to significantly reduce body weight, hypertriglyceridemia, liver fat accumulation and adipocyte size in HFD mice. AFA also reduced hyperglycaemia, insulinaemia, HOMA-IR and ameliorated the glucose tolerance and the insulin response of obese mice. Furthermore, in obese mice AFA normalised the gene and the protein expression of factors involved in lipid metabolism (FAS, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c and FAT-P mRNA), inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, NFkB and IL-10 proteins) and oxidative stress (ROS levels and SOD activity). Interestingly, AFA accelerated the STD-induced reversion of glucose dysmetabolism, hepatic and VAT inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, AFA supplementation prevents HFD-induced dysmetabolism and accelerates the STD-dependent recovery of glucose dysmetabolism by positively modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and the expression of the genes linked to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Calvi
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Giardina
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacoma Gallizzi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Kloock S, Ziegler CG, Dischinger U. Obesity and its comorbidities, current treatment options and future perspectives: Challenging bariatric surgery? Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108549. [PMID: 37879540 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure and non-alcoholic liver disease are a major health and economic burden with steadily increasing numbers worldwide. The need for effective pharmacological treatment options is strong, but, until recently, only few drugs have proven sufficient efficacy and safety. This article provides a comprehensive overview of obesity and its comorbidities, with a special focus on organ-specific pathomechanisms. Bariatric surgery as the so far most-effective therapeutic strategy, current pharmacological treatment options and future treatment strategies will be discussed. An increasing knowledge about the gut-brain axis and especially the identification and physiology of incretins unfolds a high number of potential drug candidates with impressive weight-reducing potential. Future multi-modal therapeutic concepts in obesity treatment may surpass the effectivity of bariatric surgery not only with regard to weight loss, but also to associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kloock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Ziegler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.
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46
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Machado H, Hofer P, Zechner R, Smith TK, Figueiredo LM. Adipocyte lipolysis protects mice against Trypanosoma brucei infection. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2020-2032. [PMID: 37828246 PMCID: PMC10627827 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei causes African trypanosomiasis, colonizing adipose tissue and inducing weight loss. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for adipose mass loss and its impact on disease pathology. We found that lipolysis is activated early in infection. Mice lacking B and T lymphocytes fail to upregulate adipocyte lipolysis, resulting in higher fat mass retention. Genetic ablation of the rate-limiting adipose triglyceride lipase specifically from adipocytes (AdipoqCre/+-Atglfl/fl) prevented the stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis during infection, reducing fat mass loss. Surprisingly, these mice succumbed earlier and presented a higher parasite burden in the gonadal adipose tissue, indicating that host lipolysis limits parasite growth. Consistently, free fatty acids comparable with those of adipose interstitial fluid induced loss of parasite viability. Adipocyte lipolysis emerges as a mechanism controlling local parasite burden and affecting the loss of fat mass in African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Terry K Smith
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Luísa M Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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47
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Hendriks D, Brouwers JF, Hamer K, Geurts MH, Luciana L, Massalini S, López-Iglesias C, Peters PJ, Rodríguez-Colman MJ, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Artegiani B, Clevers H. Engineered human hepatocyte organoids enable CRISPR-based target discovery and drug screening for steatosis. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1567-1581. [PMID: 36823355 PMCID: PMC10635827 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of registered drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is partly due to the paucity of human-relevant models for target discovery and compound screening. Here we use human fetal hepatocyte organoids to model the first stage of NAFLD, steatosis, representing three different triggers: free fatty acid loading, interindividual genetic variability (PNPLA3 I148M) and monogenic lipid disorders (APOB and MTTP mutations). Screening of drug candidates revealed compounds effective at resolving steatosis. Mechanistic evaluation of effective drugs uncovered repression of de novo lipogenesis as the convergent molecular pathway. We present FatTracer, a CRISPR screening platform to identify steatosis modulators and putative targets using APOB-/- and MTTP-/- organoids. From a screen targeting 35 genes implicated in lipid metabolism and/or NAFLD risk, FADS2 (fatty acid desaturase 2) emerged as an important determinant of hepatic steatosis. Enhancement of FADS2 expression increases polyunsaturated fatty acid abundancy which, in turn, reduces de novo lipogenesis. These organoid models facilitate study of steatosis etiology and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Hamer
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Léa Luciana
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Massalini
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Rodríguez-Colman
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benedetta Artegiani
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharma, Research and Early Development of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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Huneault HE, Ramirez Tovar A, Sanchez-Torres C, Welsh JA, Vos MB. The Impact and Burden of Dietary Sugars on the Liver. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0297. [PMID: 37930128 PMCID: PMC10629746 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD, or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, has increased in prevalence hand in hand with the rise in obesity and increased free sugars in the food supply. The causes of NAFLD are genetic in origin combined with environmental drivers of the disease phenotype. Dietary intake of added sugars has been shown to have a major role in the phenotypic onset and progression of the disease. Simple sugars are key drivers of steatosis, likely through fueling de novo lipogenesis, the conversion of excess carbohydrates into fatty acids, but also appear to upregulate lipogenic metabolism and trigger hyperinsulinemia, another driver. NAFLD carries a clinical burden as it is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Patient quality of life is also impacted, and there is an enormous economic burden due to healthcare use, which is likely to increase in the coming years. This review aims to discuss the role of dietary sugar in NAFLD pathogenesis, the health and economic burden, and the promising potential of sugar reduction to improve health outcomes for patients with this chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina E. Huneault
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ana Ramirez Tovar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cristian Sanchez-Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean A. Welsh
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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49
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Xia M, Wu Z, Wang J, Buist-Homan M, Moshage H. The Coumarin-Derivative Esculetin Protects against Lipotoxicity in Primary Rat Hepatocytes via Attenuating JNK-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Attenuates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1922. [PMID: 38001774 PMCID: PMC10669015 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin derivates have been proposed as a potential treatment for metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the potential of the coumarin derivate esculetin in MAFLD, focusing on hepatocyte lipotoxicity and lipid accumulation. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to palmitic acid (PA) and palmitic acid plus oleic acid (OA/PA) as models of lipotoxicity and lipid accumulation, respectively. Esculetin significantly reduced oxidative stress in PA-treated hepatocytes, as shown by decreased total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide production and elevated expression of antioxidant genes, including Nrf2 and Gpx1. In addition, esculetin protects against PA-induced necrosis. Esculetin also improved lipid metabolism in primary hepatocytes exposed to nonlipotoxic OA/PA by decreasing the expression of the lipogenesis-related gene Srebp1c and increasing the expression of the fatty acid β-oxidation-related gene Ppar-α. Moreover, esculetin attenuated lipid accumulation in OA/PA-treated hepatocytes. The protective effects of esculetin against lipotoxicity and lipid accumulation were shown to be dependent on the inhibition of JNK and the activation of AMPK, respectively. We conclude that esculetin is a promising compound to target lipotoxicity and lipid accumulation in the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.X.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Zongmei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.X.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.X.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.X.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (M.B.-H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.X.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (M.B.-H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Zhang N, Liu T, Wang J, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Dai J, Ma Z, Ma D. Si-Ni-San Reduces Hepatic Lipid Deposition in Rats with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease by AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3047-3060. [PMID: 37808345 PMCID: PMC10559901 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s417378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic disease characterized by excessive lipid deposition in the liver without alcohol or other clear liver-damaging factors. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silencing information regulator (SIRT)1 signaling pathway plays an important role in MAFLD development. Si-Ni-San (SNS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown reducing hepatic lipid deposition in MAFLD rats, however, the underlying mechanisms of SNS are barely understood. Purpose The aim of this research was to investigate the mechanisms of SNS in reducing hepatic lipid deposition in MAFLD rats by regulating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathways. Methods The components of SNS were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. MAFLD rats were induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD), and treated by SNS. SNS-containing serum and Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) were used to treat palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. To elucidate the potential mechanism, lipid synthesis-related proteins (SREBP-1c and FAS), fatty acid oxidation (PPARα and CPT-1), and AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway (p-AMPK and SIRT1) were assessed by Western blot. Results SNS improved serum lipid levels, liver function and reduced hepatic lipid deposition in MAFLD rats. SNS-containing serum reduced lipid deposition in PA-induced HepG2 cells. SNS could up-regulate protein expressions of PPARα, CPT-1, p-AMPK and SIRT1, and down-regulate protein expressions of SREBP-1c and FAS. Similar effects of SNS-containing serum were observed in PA-induced HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, Compound C weakened the therapeutic effects of SNS-containing serum on lipid deposition. Conclusion SNS could reduce hepatic lipid deposition by inhibiting lipid synthesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation, which might be related with activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of SNS to treat MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donglai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China
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