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Kwong KWY, Xin Y, Lai NCY, Sung JCC, Wu KC, Hamied YK, Sze ETP, Lam DMK. Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1232. [PMID: 37515047 PMCID: PMC10383709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines are gaining more attention due to their ease of administration, lower invasiveness, generally greater safety, and lower cost than injectable vaccines. This review introduces certified oral vaccines for adenovirus, recombinant protein-based, and transgenic plant-based oral vaccines, and their mechanisms for inducing an immune response. Procedures for regulatory approval and clinical trials of injectable and oral vaccines are also covered. Challenges such as instability and reduced efficacy in low-income countries associated with oral vaccines are discussed, as well as recent developments, such as Bacillus-subtilis-based and nanoparticle-based delivery systems that have the potential to improve the effectiveness of oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson Cheuk-Yin Lai
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Chun-Chau Sung
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Chau Wu
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Eric Tung-Po Sze
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dominic Man-Kit Lam
- DrD Novel Vaccines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Torsten Wiesel International Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Zhang M, Chen X, Xue M, Jiang N, Li Y, Fan Y, Zhang P, Liu N, Xiao Z, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. Oral Vaccination of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) against Largemouth Bass Ranavirus (LMBV) Using Yeast Surface Display Technology. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071183. [PMID: 37048441 PMCID: PMC10093309 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) infects largemouth bass, leading to significant mortality and economic losses. There are no safe and effective drugs against this disease. Oral vaccines that directly target the intestinal mucosal immune system play an important role in resisting pathogens. Herein, the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB, a mucosal immune adjuvant) and the LMBV main capsid protein (MCP) were expressed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display technology. The yeast-prepared oral vaccines were named EBY100-OMCP and EBY100-LTB-OMCP. The candidate vaccines could resist the acidic intestinal environment. After 7 days of continuous oral immunization, indicators of innate and adaptive immunity were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. High activities of immune enzymes (T-SOD, AKP, ACP, and LZM) in serum and intestinal mucus were detected. IgM in the head kidney was significantly upregulated (EBY100-OMCP group: 3.8-fold; BY100-LTB-OMCP group: 4.3-fold). IgT was upregulated in the intestines (EBY100-OMCP group: 5.6-fold; EBY100-LTB-OMCP group: 6.7-fold). Serum neutralizing antibody titers of the two groups reached 1:85. Oral vaccination protected against LMBV infection. The relative percent survival was 52.1% (EBY100-OMCP) and 66.7% (EBY100-LTB-OMCP). Thus, EBY100-OMCP and EBY100-LTB-OMCP are promising and effective candidate vaccines against LMBV infection.
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Xing H, Zhu L, Wang P, Zhao G, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Zou H, Yan X. Display of receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variants on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935573. [PMID: 36032096 PMCID: PMC9412237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a significant global human health threat. The most effective way to end the pandemic is through timely vaccination. In this study, the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of Spike protein of the initial strain of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa), were successfully displayed on the surface of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for development as a vaccine candidate. To rapidly express the recombinant protein and avoid the need for expensive galactose as an inducer, the gal80 gene of S. cerevisiae was knocked out, and the conventional 72-h culture period was thus successfully shortened to 24 h. Mice vaccinated against variant B.1.617.1 showed robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, the antiserum in the B.1.671.1 group had neutralizing activity against wild-type RBD and high binding titers against RBD mutants of variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7. Double deglycosylation at N331Q and N343Q resulted in marked reduction of the affinity of RBD binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and escaped antibody neutralization. This study demonstrates that yeast surface display technology can provide an alternative approach to rapid large-scale preparation of promising SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Science-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Process Technology, Zhejiang Hongguan Bio-pharma Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zou, ; Xing Yan,
| | - Xing Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Science-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zou, ; Xing Yan,
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Oral immunization of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing fiber-2 of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 induces protective immunity against homologous infection. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109490. [PMID: 35709627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) caused by fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 strains is a highly contagious disease that causes significant economic loss to the global poultry industry. However, subunit vaccine against FAdV-4 infection is not yet commercially available to date. This study aims to explore the potential for oral immunization of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Fiber-2 of FAdV-4 as a subunit vaccine. Here, we constructed recombinant S. cerevisiae (ST1814G/Fiber-2) expressing recombinant Fiber-2 (rFiber-2), which was displayed on the cell surface. To evaluate the immune response and protective effect of live recombinant S. cerevisiae, chickens were orally immunized with the constructed live ST1814G/Fiber-2, three times at 5-day intervals, and then challenged with FAdV-4. The results showed that oral administration of live ST1814G/Fiber-2 could stimulate the production of humoral immunity, enhance the body's antiviral activity and immune regulation ability, improve the composition of gut microbiota, provide protection against FAdV-4 challenge, reduce viral load in the liver, and alleviate the pathological damage of heart, liver, and spleen for chicken. In addition, we found the synergistic effect in combining the ST1814G/Fiber-2 yeast and inactivated vaccine to trigger stronger humoral immunity and mucosal immunity. Our results suggest that oral live ST1814G/Fiber-2 is a potentially safer auxiliary preparation strategy in controlling FAdV-4 infection.
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Shenoy A, Barb AW. Recent Advances Toward Engineering Glycoproteins Using Modified Yeast Display Platforms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2370:185-205. [PMID: 34611870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1685-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yeast are capable recombinant protein expression hosts that provide eukaryotic posttranslational modifications such as disulfide bond formation and N-glycosylation. This property has been used to create surface display libraries for protein engineering; however, yeast surface display (YSD) with common laboratory strains has limitations in terms of diversifying glycoproteins due to the incorporation of high levels of mannose residues which often obscure important epitopes and are immunogenic in humans. Developing new strains for efficient and appropriate display will require combining existing technologies to permit efficient glycoprotein engineering. Foundational efforts generating knockout strains lacking characteristic hypermannosylation reactions exhibited morphological defects and poor growth. Later strains with "humanized" N-glycosylation machinery surmounted these limitations by targeting a small suite of glycosylhydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes from other taxa to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Advanced yeast strains also provide key modifications at the glycan termini that are essential for the full function of many glycoproteins. Here we review progress toward glycoprotein engineering when glycosylation is required for full function using advanced yeast expression platforms and the suitability of each for YSD of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Shenoy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Adam W Barb
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Zhai H, Shi J, Sun R, Tan Z, Swaiba UE, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Huang J. The superposition anti-viral activity of porcine tri-subtype interferon expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109150. [PMID: 34144506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defense against viral infection. Porcine viral infection has emerged as a serious hazard for the pig industry. The construction of an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that efficiently produces porcine IFN has demonstrated several advantages. It can be easily fed to pigs, which helps in reducing antibiotic residues in pork and improve meat quality. In this study, the stable expression of several porcine IFN molecules (pIFN-α1, pIFN-β, pIFN-λ1, pIFN-λ1-β, pIFN-λ1-β-α1) were determined using an engineered S. cerevisiae system. With the YeastFab assembly method, the complete transcriptional units containing promoter (GPD), secretory peptide (α-mating factor), target gene (IFN) and terminator (ADH1) were successfully constructed using the characteristics of type II restriction endonuclease, and then integrated into the chromosomes Ⅳ and XVI of ST1814 yeast host strain, respectively. The expression kinetics of recombinant pIFNs were further analyzed. Synergism in the expression level of IFN receptor, antiviral protein, and viral loading was observed in viral-cell infection model treated with different porcine IFN subtypes. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral load and antibody titer in serum decreased significantly after oral administration of IFN expression yeast fermentation broth. These findings indicate the potential efficacy of multi-valent pIFNs expressing S. cerevisiae as a potent feed material to prevent viral infections of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingxuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Umm E Swaiba
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Cen Q, Gao T, Ren Y, Lu X, Lei H. Immune evaluation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based oral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori in mice. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12772. [PMID: 33219579 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common human pathogenic bacterium that is associated with gastric diseases. The current leading clinical therapy is combination antibiotics, but this treatment has safety issues, especially the induction of drug resistance. Therefore, developing a safe and effective vaccine against H. pylori is one of the best alternatives. OBJECTIVE To develop Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)-based oral vaccines and then demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for preventing H. pylori infection in the absence of a mucosal adjuvant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)-based oral vaccines, including EBY100/pYD1-UreB and EBY100/pYD1-VacA, were generated and analyzed by Western blot, Immunofluorescence analysis, flow cytometric assay, and indirect enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, antibody responses induced by oral administration of EBY100/pYD1-UreB, EBY100/pYD1-VacA, or EBY100/pYD1-UreB + EBY100/pYD1-VacA were measured in a mouse model. Lastly, the vaccinated mice were infected with H. pylori SS1, and colonization in the stomach were evaluated. RESULTS Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based H. pylori oral vaccines were successfully constructed. Mice orally administered with EBY100/pYD1-UreB, EBY100/pYD1-VacA, or EBY100/pYD1-UreB + EBY100/pYD1-VacA exhibited a significant humoral immune response as well as a mucosal immune response. Importantly, S. cerevisiae-based oral vaccines could effectively reduce bacterial loads with statistical significance after H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that S. cerevisiae-based platforms can serve as an alternative approach for the future development of promising bacterial oral vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhong Cen
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Gao
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Lu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Lei
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Kajiwara K, Aoki W, Ueda M. Evaluation of the yeast surface display system for screening of functional nanobodies. AMB Express 2020; 10:51. [PMID: 32180052 PMCID: PMC7076106 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast surface display is a powerful technology used to isolate and engineer proteins to improve their activity, specificity, and stability. In this method, gene expression is regulated by promoters, and secretion efficiency is affected by secretion signals. Furthermore, both the accessibility and activity of the displayed proteins are affected by the length of anchor proteins. The ideal promoter, secretion signal, and anchor protein combination depend on the proteins of interest. In this study, we optimized a yeast surface display suitable for nanobody evaluation. We designed five display systems that used different combinations of promoters, secretion signals, and anchor proteins. Anti-hen egg-white lysozyme nanobody was used as the model nanobody. The amount of nanobodies displayed on yeast cells, the number of antigens bound to the displayed nanobodies, and the display efficiency were quantified. Overall, we improved the yeast display system for nanobody engineering and proposed its optimization.
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Kumar R, Kumar P. Yeast-based vaccines: New perspective in vaccine development and application. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5298404. [PMID: 30668686 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In presently licensed vaccines, killed or attenuated organisms act as a source of immunogens except for peptide-based vaccines. These conventional vaccines required a mass culture of associated or related organisms and long incubation periods. Special requirements during storage and transportation further adds to the cost of vaccine preparations. Availability of complete genome sequence, well-established genetic, inherent natural adjuvant and non-pathogenic nature of yeast species viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris makes them an ideal model system for the development of vaccines both for public health and for on-farm consumption. In this review, we compile the work in this emerging field during last two decades with major emphases on S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris which are routinely used worldwide for expression of heterologous proteins with therapeutic value against infectious diseases along with possible use in cancer therapy. We also pointed towards the developments in use of whole recombinant yeast, yeast surface display and virus-like particles as a novel strategy in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer along with other aspects including suitability of yeast in vaccines preparations, yeast cell wall component as an immune stimulator or modulator and present status of yeast-based vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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Palma ML, Garcia-Bates TM, Martins FS, Douradinha B. Genetically engineered probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains mature human dendritic cells and stimulate Gag-specific memory CD8 + T cells ex vivo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5183-5192. [PMID: 31020381 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing HIV antigens have shown promising pre-clinical results. Probiotic S. cerevisiae strains naturally induce gut immunity; thus, genetically engineered probiotic strains could be used to stimulate immune responses against HIV in the mucosa. Probiotic strains have a higher rate of heterologous protein production, meaning higher antigen's epitope expression levels per yeast cell. We expressed HIV-1 Gag protein in the probiotic yeasts' surface, which was eagerly phagocytosed by and induced type 1 polarization of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy donors in vitro. We further matured DCs derived from HIV-1+ donors with transformed yeasts and incubated them with autologous T cells. Only DCs matured with Gag-expressing probiotic strains were able to efficiently present antigen to CD8+ T cells and induced their clonal expansion. Our results show that genetically engineered probiotic S. cerevisiae strains are a promising vaccination strategy against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Palma
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Tatiana M Garcia-Bates
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Unità di Medicina Rigenerativa ed Immunologia, Fondazione Ri.MED c/o IRCCS-ISMETT, Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Bal J, Jung HY, Nguyen LN, Park J, Jang YS, Kim DH. Evaluation of cell-surface displayed synthetic consensus dengue EDIII cells as a potent oral vaccine candidate. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:146. [PMID: 30217208 PMCID: PMC6138890 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a rapidly spreading mosquito borne tropical viral disease affecting hundreds of millions of people across the globe annually. The dengue virus (DENV) includes four genetically distinct serotypes that cause serious life-threatening infections, including dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Dengue vaccine development is complicated by the possibility of vaccine-enhanced severe dengue disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement by pre-existing cross-reactivity, as well as homotypic antibodies. Thus, the development of an efficacious dengue vaccine conferring simultaneous and durable immunity to each of the four DENV serotypes has not yet been developed despite years of research. For mass immunization in deeply affected resource-limited countries, oral vaccination is considered more beneficial than conventional approaches. Therefore, in a continuing effort towards designing economical and potent vaccine candidates, the current study applied yeast surface display technology to develop an oral dengue vaccine candidate using whole recombinant yeast cells displaying the recombinant fusion protein of M cell targeting ligand Co1 fused to the synthetic consensus dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII). Female Balb/c mice were orally fed with recombinant yeast cells and immunogenicity in terms of systemic and mucosal immune responses was monitored. RESULTS Immunofluorescence microscopy with dengue specific antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody clearly showed that recombinant protein Co1-scEDIII-AGA was localized on the cell surface of the respective clones in comparison with scEDIII-Co1 and Mock cells with no fluorescence. Oral dosage applications of surface displayed Co1-scEDIII-AGA stimulated a systemic humoral immune response in the form of dengue-specific serum IgG, as well as a mucosal immune response in the form of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Antigen-specific B cell responses in isolated lymphoid cells from the spleen and Peyer's patches further supported an elevated mucosal immune response. In addition, surface displayed Co1-scEDIII-AGA feeding elicited strong immune responses in comparison with scEDIII-Co1 and Mock following intraperitoneal booster with purified scEDIII antigen. CONCLUSIONS Surface displayed preparations of Co1-scEDIII-AGA induced strong immunogenicity compared with non-displayed scEDIII-Co1. Prior studies have supported the neutralization potential of scEDIII constructs against all four serotypes. Thus, the oral administration of genetically engineered yeast whole cells displaying biologically active Co1-scEDIII fusion protein without any further processing shows prospective as a potent oral vaccine candidate against dengue viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotiranjan Bal
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jung
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Luong Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Jisang Park
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
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Preliminary study of an oral vaccine against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus using improved yeast surface display technology. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:196-204. [PMID: 28285182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a common pathogen that causes severe disease in the salmonid aquaculture industry. Because oral vaccines induce more efficient mucosal immunity than parenteral immunization, an oral vaccine was developed with an improved yeast cell surface display technology to induce an immune response to IHNV. The oral yeast vaccine, designated EBY100/pYD1-bi-G, was delivered orally to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on days 1 and 32, and the nonspecific and specific immune responses were measured 50days after the first vaccination. In the hindgut, spleen, and head kidney, the expression of IFN-1 and Mx-1 was significantly upregulated after oral vaccination with EBY100/pYD1-bi-G, and the highest expression of IFN-1 and Mx-1 was observed in the spleen (7.5-fold higher than the control group) and head kidney (3.9-fold higher than the control group), respectively. Several markers of the adaptive immune response (IgM, IgT, CD4, and CD8) were also significantly upregulated, and the highest expression of these markers was observed in the hindgut, suggesting that the mucosal immune response was successfully induced by oral vaccination with EBY100/pYD1-bi-G. Sera from the orally vaccinated rainbow trout showed higher anti-IHNV neutralizing antibody titers (antibody titer 81±4) than the control sera (antibody titer 7±3), and the relative percentage survival after IHNV challenge was 45.8% compared with 2% in the control group. Although the protection afforded by this orally delivered vaccine was lower than that of a DNA vaccine (83%-98%), it is a promising candidate vaccine with which to protect larval fish against IHNV, which are most susceptible to the virus and difficult to inject with a DNA vaccine.
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Zhao JZ, Xu LM, Liu M, Cao YS, LaPatra SE, Yin JS, Liu HB, Lu TY. An efficient and simple method to increase the level of displayed protein on the yeast cell surface. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 135:41-47. [PMID: 28188810 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of oral vaccines using yeast surface display technology is an area of intensive study in vaccine development, but the protein level displayed on yeast surfaces is not currently high enough to obtain a robust immune response. METHODS To address this issue, we established an efficient and simple method of increasing the level of displayed protein on the yeast cell surface. We used the single chain variable fragment (scFv) of an antibody against the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus isolate Sn1203 as a target display protein. The yeast-derived scFv was first displayed on the yeast surface by galactose induction, and then Escherichia coli-derived scFv was also displayed on the same yeast via an artificial anchoring condition to increase the total scFv level on the yeast surface. RESULTS The levels of yeast- and E. coli-derived scFv displayed on the yeast cell surface were analyzed by flow cytometry, western blotting, and fluorescent microscopy. The flow cytometry results indicated that when the cells were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline with 1mmol/L glutathione, 0.2mmol/L oxidized glutathione, and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide at 4°C for 6h, the E. coli-derived scFv protein was stably anchored to the yeast cell surface. The mean fluorescence intensity in these experiments, which is an indirect quantitative representation of the surface scFv expression, was three times higher in the treated cells than that in control cells. The western blotting results show two specific protein bands, the smaller of which was identified as the E. coli-derived scFv that was displayed on the yeast cell surface. Cell immunofluorescence is a more direct way to detect differentially produced proteins that are displayed on the yeast cell surface. The fluorescence microscopy results show that both fluorescence corresponding to the yeast-derived scFv and fluorescence corresponding to the E. coli-derived scFv can exist on the cell surface of same yeast cell. This confirms that the E. coli-derived scFv protein was successfully displayed on the yeast cell surface. CONCLUSIONS This method provides a rapid, simple, and high-efficiency strategy to increase the level of displayed protein on the yeast cell surface. Application of this technique may allow the yeast surface display system to be used to generate potential oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhuang Zhao
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Cao
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Scott E LaPatra
- Clear Springs Foods Inc., Research Division, PO Box 712, Buhl, ID 83316, USA.
| | - Jia-Sheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Tong-Yan Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
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Moon HY, Lee DW, Sim GH, Kim HJ, Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Kang BK, Kim JM, Kang HA. A new set of rDNA-NTS-based multiple integrative cassettes for the development of antibiotic-marker-free recombinant yeasts. J Biotechnol 2016; 233:190-9. [PMID: 27411901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The traditional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used as a host system to produce recombinant proteins and metabolites of great commercial value. To engineer recombinant yeast that stably maintains expression cassettes without an antibiotic resistance gene, we developed new multiple integration cassettes by exploiting the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in combination with defective selection markers. The 5' and 3'-fragments of rDNA-NTS2 were used as flanking sequences for the expression cassettes carrying a set of URA3, LEU2, HIS3, and TRP1 selection markers with truncated promoters of different lengths. The integration numbers of NTS-based expression cassettes, ranging from one to ∼30 copies, showed a proportional increase with the extent of decreased expression of the auxotrophic markers. The NTS-based cassettes were used to construct yeast strains expressing the capsid protein of red-spotted grouper necrosis virus (RG-NNVCP) in a copy number-dependent manner. Oral administration of the recombinant yeast, harboring ∼30 copies of the integrated RG-NNVCP cassettes, provoked efficient immune responses in mice. In contrast, for the NTS cassettes expressing a truncated 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the integrant carrying only 4 copies was screened as the highest producer of squalene, showing a 150-fold increase compared to that of the wild-type strain. The multiple integrated cassettes were stably retained under prolonged nonselective conditions. Altogether, our results strongly support that rDNA-NTS integrative cassettes are useful tools to construct recombinant yeasts carrying optimal copies of a desired expression cassette without an antibiotic marker gene, which are suitable as oral vaccines or feed additives for animal and human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Moon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Gyu Hun Sim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Jee Youn Hwang
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Bo-Kyu Kang
- Green Cross Veterinary Products Co. LTD., Yongin, Kyunggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Jong Man Kim
- Green Cross Veterinary Products Co. LTD., Yongin, Kyunggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea; Bio-Integration Research Center for Nutra-Pharmaceutical Epigenetics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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Buerth C, Mausberg AK, Heininger MK, Hartung HP, Kieseier BC, Ernst JF. Oral Tolerance Induction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Candida utilis Expressing the Immunogenic MOG35-55 Peptide. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155082. [PMID: 27159446 PMCID: PMC4861260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system. Induction of oral tolerance is a potent mechanism to prevent autoimmunity. The food yeast Candida utilis was used to test the therapeutic potential of oral tolerance induction in an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). We constructed a C. utilis strain, which displays a fusion peptide composed of the encephalitogenic MOG35-55 peptide and the C. utilis Gas1 cell wall protein on its surface.By immunizing mice with MOG35-55 peptide experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in a mouse model. Feeding of mice with C. utilis that expresses MOG35-55 peptide on its surface was started seven days prior to immunization and was continued for ten days. Control animals were treated with wild-type fungus or left untreated. Untreated mice developed first clinical symptoms ten days post immunization (p. i.) with an ascending paralysis reaching maximal clinical disability at day 18 to 20 p. i.. Treatment with the wild-type strain demonstrated comparable clinical symptoms. In contrast, oral gavage of MOG35-55-presenting fungus ameliorated the development of EAE. In addition, incidence as well as maximal clinical disease severity were significantly reduced. Interestingly, reduction of disease severity also occurred in animals treated with heat-inactivated C. utilis cells indicating that tolerance induction was independent of fungal viability. Better disease outcome correlated with reduced demyelination and cellular inflammation in the spinal cord, lower T cell proliferation against rechallenge with MOG35-55 and more regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes. Our data demonstrate successful that using the food approved fungus C. utilis presenting the immunogenic MOG35-55 peptide on its surface induced an oral tolerance against this epitope in EAE. Further studies will reveal the nature and extent of an anti-inflammatory environment established by the treatment that prevents the development of an autoimmune disorder affecting the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buerth
- Institute of Molecular Mycology, Department Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (AKM)
| | - Anne K. Mausberg
- Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (AKM)
| | - Maximilian K. Heininger
- Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd C. Kieseier
- Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim F. Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Mycology, Department Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Chen P, Lv J, Zhang J, Sun H, Chen Z, Li H, Wang F, Zhao X. Evaluation of immune protective efficacies of Eimeria tenella EtMic1 polypeptides with different domain recombination displayed on yeast surface. Exp Parasitol 2015; 155:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Display of Fungi Xylanase on Escherichia coli Cell Surface and Use of the Enzyme in Xylan Biodegradation. Curr Microbiol 2015; 70:779-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Surface display expression of Bacillus licheniformis lipase in Escherichia coli using Lpp’OmpA chimera. J Microbiol 2014; 52:856-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Sun H, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang J, Liu Q, Chen P, Chen Z, Wang F, Li H, Xiao Y, Zhao X. Display of Eimeria tenella EtMic2 protein on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a potential oral vaccine against chicken coccidiosis. Vaccine 2014; 32:1869-76. [PMID: 24530147 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S. cerevisiae is generally regarded as safe and benign organism and its surface display system may be used as a unique eukaryotic expression system that is suitable for expressing eukaryotic antigen. In addition to the convenience of vaccine delivery, the yeast cell wall has been shown to enhance the innate immunity when immunized with the yeast live oral vaccine. In the present study, we expressed the chicken coccidian E. tenella EtMic2, a microneme protein, on the surface of the S. cerevisiae and evaluated it as a potential oral vaccine for chicken against E. tenella challenge. The protective efficacy against a homologous challenge was evaluated by body weight gains, lesion scores and fecal oocyst shedding. The results showed that the live oral vaccine can improve weight gains, reduced cecal pathology and lower oocyst fecal shedding compared with non immunized controls. In addition, the yeast oral vaccine could stimulate humoral as well as cell mediate immune responses. These results suggested that EtMic2 displayed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae could be used as potential live vaccine against chicken coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Longjiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Shin MK, Lee WJ, Jung MH, Cha SB, Shin SW, Yoo A, Kim DH, Yoo HS. Oral immunization of mice with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a neutralizing epitope of ApxIIA exotoxin from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae induces systemic and mucosal immune responses. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 57:417-25. [PMID: 23773020 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An oral delivery system based on ApxIIA#5-expressed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied for its potential to induce immune responses in mice. Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated in vitro with ApxIIA#5-expressed on S. cerevisiae upregulated the expression of maturation and activation markers, leading to production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12p70 and IL-10. Presentation of these activated DCs to cluster of differentiation CD4+ T cells collected from mice that had been orally immunized with the ApxIIA#5-expressed on S. cerevisiae elicited specific T-cell proliferation. In addition, the orally immunized mice had stronger antigen-specific serum IgG and IgA antibody responses and larger numbers of antigen-specific IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells in their spleens, Peyer's patches and lamina propria than did those immunized with vector-only S. cerevisiae or those not immunized. Furthermore, oral immunization induced T helper 1-type immune responses mediated via increased serum concentrations of IgG2a and an increase predominantly of IFN-γ-producing cells in their spleens and lamina propria. Our findings suggest that surface-displayed ApxIIA#5-expressed on S. cerevisiae may be a promising candidate for an oral vaccine delivery system for eliciting systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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21
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Shin MK, Yoo HS. Animal vaccines based on orally presented yeast recombinants. Vaccine 2013; 31:4287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cell aggregations in yeasts and their applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2305-18. [PMID: 23397484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts can display four types of cellular aggregation: sexual, flocculation, biofilm formation, and filamentous growth. These cell aggregations arise, in some yeast strains, as a response to environmental or physiological changes. Sexual aggregation is part of the yeast mating process, representing the first step of meiotic recombination. The flocculation phenomenon is a calcium-dependent asexual reversible cellular aggregation that allows the yeast to withstand adverse conditions. Biofilm formation consists of multicellular aggregates that adhere to solid surfaces and are embedded in a protein matrix; this gives the yeast strain either the ability to colonize new environments or to survive harsh environmental conditions. Finally, the filamentous growth is the ability of some yeast strains to grow in filament forms. Filamentous growth can be attained by two different means, with the formation of either hyphae or pseudohyphae. Both hyphae and pseudohyphae arise when the yeast strain is under nutrient starvation conditions and they represent a means for the microbial strain to spread over a wide area to survey for food sources, without increasing its biomass. Additionally, this filamentous growth is also responsible for the invasive growth of some yeast.
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Nguyen NL, Kim JM, Park JA, Park SM, Jang YS, Yang MS, Kim DH. Expression and purification of an immunogenic dengue virus epitope using a synthetic consensus sequence of envelope domain III and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 88:235-42. [PMID: 23376461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic consensus gene was designed based on residues of the amino acid sequences of dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII) from all four serotypes, and codon optimization for expression was conducted using baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synthetic gene was cloned into a yeast episomal expression vector, pYEGPD-TER, which was designed to direct cloned gene expression using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter, a functional signal peptide of the amylase 1A protein from rice, and the GAL7 terminator. PCR and back-transformation into Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of the scEDIII gene-containing plasmid in the transformants. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of the scEDIII-specific transcript. Western blot analysis indicated that expressed scEDIII, with mobility similar to purified EDIII from E. coli, was successfully secreted into the culture media. Quantitative ELISA revealed that the recombinant scEDIII comprised approximately 0.1-0.6% of cell-free extract. In addition, 0.1-0.6 mg of scEDIII protein per liter of culture filtrate was detected on day 1 and peaked on day 3 after cultivation. The secreted scEDIII protein can be purified to ≥90% purity with 85% recovery using a simple ion-exchange FPLC followed by molecular weight cut-off. Upon administration of the purified protein to mice, mouse sera contained antibodies that were specific to all four serotypes of dengue virus. Moreover, a balanced immune response against all four serotypes was observed, suggesting that it may be possible to develop an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine using S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Luong Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Shin MK, Kang ML, Jung MH, Cha SB, Lee WJ, Kim JM, Kim DH, Yoo HS. Induction of protective immune responses against challenge of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by oral administration with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Apx toxins in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012. [PMID: 23206402 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious endemic disease of pigs worldwide, inducing significant economic losses worldwide. Apx toxins, which are correlated with the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its possible use as an oral vaccine has been confirmed in our previous studies using a murine model. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that oral immunization using S. cerevisiae expressing either ApxI or ApxII could protect pigs against A. pleuropneumoniae as an effective way of inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. The surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 expressing S. cerevisiae was selected as an oral vaccine candidate by finding on induction of higher immune responses in mice after oral vaccination. The surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 expressing S. cerevisiae and the ApxIA expressing S. cerevisiae were developed to serve as an oral vaccine in pigs. The vaccinated pigs showed higher specific IgG- and IgA-related antibody activities than the non-treated control and vector control pigs. Additionally, the induced immune responses were found to protect pigs infected with A. pleuropneumoniae according to the analysis of clinical signs and the gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions. These results suggested that the surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 and ApxIA in S. cerevisiae might be a potential oral vaccine to protect pigs against porcine pleuropneumonia. Thus the present study is expected to contribute to the development of a live oral vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia as an alternative to current conventional vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Protective vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus with whole recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis yeast expressing the viral VP2 subunit. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42870. [PMID: 23024743 PMCID: PMC3443089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report on vaccination approaches against infectious bursal disease (IBD) of poultry that were performed with complete yeast of the species Kluyveromyces lactis (K. lactis). Employing a genetic system that enables the rapid production of stably transfected recombinant K. lactis, we generated yeast strains that expressed defined quantities of the virus capsid forming protein VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Both, subcutaneous as well as oral vaccination regiments with the heat-inactivated but otherwise untreated yeast induced IBDV-neutralizing antibodies in mice and chickens. A full protection against a subsequent IBDV infection was achieved by subcutaneous inoculation of only milligram amounts of yeast per chicken. Oral vaccination also generated protection: while mortality was observed in control animals after virus challenge, none of the vaccinees died and ca. one-tenth were protected as indicated by the absence of lesions in the bursa of Fabricius. Recombinant K. lactis was thus indicated as a potent tool for the induction of a protective immune response by different applications. Subcutaneously applied K. lactis that expresses the IBDV VP2 was shown to function as an efficacious anti-IBD subunit vaccine.
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Bazan SB, Geginat G, Breinig T, Schmitt MJ, Breinig F. Uptake of various yeast genera by antigen-presenting cells and influence of subcellular antigen localization on the activation of ovalbumin-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. Vaccine 2011; 29:8165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhang Q, Zhong J, Huan L. Expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen determinants in Lactococcus lactis for oral vaccination. Microbiol Res 2010; 166:111-20. [PMID: 20227266 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis with non-pathogenic and non-colonizing properties is an attractive candidate for delivering biologically active proteins by mucosal routes. In this report we described recombinant L. lactis applicable for the development of live mucosal vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The PreS region of the HBV surface antigen alone or combined with "a" determinant of S region (PreSa) was cloned and expressed in the food grade bacterium L. lactis using a nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. Western blot analysis indicated that both PreS and PreSa fusion proteins were successfully expressed in L. lactis after nisin induction. Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with PreS and PreSa-producing strains induced both mucosal (intestinal IgA) and systemic (serum IgG) immune responses against HBV at the same magnitude. Two additional groups of mice given L. lactis expressing human interferon-alpha 2b as an adjuvant with the PreS or PreSa-producing strains produced higher IgG but not IgA antibody responses. These results indicated that the lactococci-derived vaccines could be promising candidates as alternative HBV vaccines for preventing hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Whole recombinant Hansenula polymorpha expressing hepatitis B virus surface antigen (yeast-HBsAg) induces potent HBsAg-specific Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Vaccine 2009; 28:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Upadhyaya B, Manjunath R. Baker's yeast expressing the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein on its cell surface: induction of an antigen-specific but non-neutralizing antibody response. Yeast 2009; 26:383-97. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lim JG, Jin HS. Heterologous expression of cholera toxin B subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shin SJ, Shin SW, Kang ML, Lee DY, Yang MS, Jang YS, Yoo HS. Enhancement of protective immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing recombinant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA or ApxIIA in mice. J Vet Sci 2008; 8:383-92. [PMID: 17993753 PMCID: PMC2868155 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously induced protective immune response by oral immunization with yeast expressing the ApxIIA antigen. The ApxI antigen is also an important factor in the protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 infection; therefore, the protective immunity in mice following oral immunization with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing either ApxIA (group C) or ApxIIA (group D) alone or both (group E) was compared with that in two control groups (group A and B). The immunogenicity of the rApxIA antigen derived from the yeast was confirmed by a high survival rate and an ApxIA-specific IgG antibody response (p < 0.01). The highest systemic (IgG) and local (IgA) humoral immune responses to ApxIA and ApxIIA were detected in group E after the third immunization (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 after challenge with an A. pleuropneumoniae field isolate did not change significantly in the vaccinated groups. The level of TNF-alpha increased in a time-dependent manner in group E but was not significantly different after the challenge. After the challenge, the mice in group E had a significantly lower infectious burden and a higher level of protection than the mice in the other groups (p < 0.05). The survival rate in each group was closely correlated to the immune response and histopathological observations in the lung following the challenge. These results suggested that immunity to the ApxIA antigen is required for optimal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science and KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abdullah M, Rahmah AU, Sinskey A, Rha C. Cell engineering and molecular pharming for biopharmaceuticals. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2008; 2:49-61. [PMID: 19662143 PMCID: PMC2709479 DOI: 10.2174/1874104500802010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are often produced by recombinant E. coli or mammalian cell lines. This is usually achieved by the introduction of a gene or cDNA coding for the protein of interest into a well-characterized strain of producer cells. Naturally, each recombinant production system has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. This paper examines the current practices, developments, and future trends in the production of biopharmaceuticals. Platform technologies for rapid screening and analyses of biosystems are reviewed. Strategies to improve productivity via metabolic and integrated engineering are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Anisa ur Rahmah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A.J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C.K Rha
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Surface displayed expression of a neutralizing epitope of spike protein from a Korean strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007; 12:690-695. [PMID: 32218674 PMCID: PMC7090475 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neutralizing epitope (K-COE) of the spike protein from a Korean strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been shown to prevent and foster an immune response to PED, when orally adjusted. The cell surface of the budding yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was engineered to anchor the K-COE on the outer layer of the cell, and consequently, the altered yeast was applied as a dietary complement for animal feed, with immunogenic functions. In this study, the K-COE gene (K-COE) of the Korean strain of PEDV with the signal peptide of rice amylase 1A (Ramy 1A), was fused with the gene encoding the carboxyterminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C terminus) of yeast α-agglutinin, a mating associated protein that is anchored covalently to the cell wall. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter was selected in order to direct the expression of the fusion construct, and the resulting recombinant plasmid was then introduced intoS. cerevisiae. The surface display of K-COE was visualized via confocal microscopy using a polyclonal antibody against K-COE as the primary antibody, and FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG as the secondary antibody. The display of the K-COE on the cell surface was further verified via Western blot analysis using the cell wall fraction after the administration of α-1,3-glucanase/PNGase F/β-mannosidase treatment.
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Haller AA, Lauer GM, King TH, Kemmler C, Fiolkoski V, Lu Y, Bellgrau D, Rodell TC, Apelian D, Franzusoff A, Duke RC. Whole recombinant yeast-based immunotherapy induces potent T cell responses targeting HCV NS3 and Core proteins. Vaccine 2006; 25:1452-63. [PMID: 17098335 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Control of primary infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with robust and broad T cell immunity. In contrast, chronic infection is characterized by weak T cell responses suggesting that an approach that boosts these responses could be a therapeutic advance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an effective inducer of innate and adaptive cellular immunity and we have generated recombinant yeast cells (GI-5005) that produce an HCV NS3-Core fusion protein. Pre-clinical studies in mice showed that GI-5005 induced potent antigen-specific proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses that were associated with Th1-type cytokine secretion. In studies in which GI-5005 was administered up to 13 times, no detectable vector neutralization or induction of tolerance was observed. Prophylactic as well as therapeutic administration of GI-5005 in mice led to eradication of tumor cells expressing HCV NS3 protein. Immunotherapy with GI-5005 is being evaluated in chronic HCV infected individuals in a Phase 1 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia A Haller
- GlobeImmune, Inc., 1450 Infinite Drive, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
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Breinig F, Diehl B, Rau S, Zimmer C, Schwab H, Schmitt MJ. Cell surface expression of bacterial esterase A by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its enhancement by constitutive activation of the cellular unfolded protein response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:7140-7. [PMID: 16980424 PMCID: PMC1636145 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00503-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast cell surface display is a powerful tool for expression and immobilization of biocatalytically active proteins on a unicellular eukaryote. Here bacterial carboxylesterase EstA from Burkholderia gladioli was covalently anchored into the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by in-frame fusion to the endogenous yeast proteins Kre1p, Cwp2p, and Flo1p. When p-nitrophenyl acetate was used as a substrate, the esterase specific activities of yeast expressing the protein fusions were 103 mU mg(-1) protein for Kre1/EstA/Cwp2p and 72 mU mg(-1) protein for Kre1/EstA/Flo1p. In vivo cell wall targeting was confirmed by esterase solubilization after laminarinase treatment and immunofluorescence microscopy. EstA expression resulted in cell wall-associated esterase activities of 2.72 U mg(-1) protein for Kre1/EstA/Cwp2p and 1.27 U mg(-1) protein for Kre1/EstA/Flo1p. Furthermore, esterase display on the yeast cell surface enabled the cells to effectively grow on the esterase-dependent carbon source glycerol triacetate (Triacetin). In the case of Kre1/EstA/Flo1p, in vivo maturation within the yeast secretory pathway and final incorporation into the wall were further enhanced when there was constitutive activation of the unfolded protein response pathway. Our results demonstrate that esterase cell surface display in yeast, which, as shown here, is remarkably more effective than EstA surface display in Escherichia coli, can be further optimized by activating the protein folding machinery in the eukaryotic secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Breinig
- Angewandte Molekularbiologie, FR 8.3, Gebäude A1 5, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Zhu K, Chi Z, Li J, Zhang F, Li M, Yasoda HN, Wu L. The surface display of haemolysin from Vibrio harveyi on yeast cells and their potential applications as live vaccine in marine fish. Vaccine 2006; 24:6046-52. [PMID: 16846670 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
HL1 gene encoding haemolysin from Vibrio harveyi SF-1 was expressed in yeast cells and the expressed haemolysin was displayed on the cell surface. After induction for 36h in galactose-containing medium, one-third of the cells contained the displayed protein and the displayed cells had haemolytic activity on erythrocytes from flounder. The double diffusion agar analysis showed that the sera from the flounder immunized with the displayed yeast cells having the haemolytic activity could form precipitate with the purified haemolysin. ELISA analysis indicated that immunization times had great influence on increased production of the specific antibody against haemolysin in turbot immunized with the displayed yeast cells having the haemolytic activity. After the challenge with V. harveyi SF-1, it was found that earlier protection in flounder and significant protection in turbot, both of which were immunized with the displayed yeast cells having the haemolytic activity, were achieved. These results suggested that the displayed yeast cells with the haemolytic activity could be used as potential live vaccine in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Zhu
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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Expression of the Apx toxins ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and its induction of immune response in mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Saiki M, Sakai K, Saiki S, Kitagawa Y, Nakanishi M, Hirose G. Induction of humoral responses specific for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration-associated antigen by whole recombinant yeast immunization. J Autoimmun 2005; 24:203-8. [PMID: 15848042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a potent autoimmune disorder in which antigen-driven responses toward the onconeural antigen are assumed to occur in patients. Yeast cell wall has adjuvant capacity and provides immunostimulatory effects of the antigen expressing in viable cells. The recombinant yeast expressing the PCD-associated antigen may become an immunogen for inducing PCD-associated autoimmunity in mice. We attempted to induce autoimmune responses with whole recombinant yeast expressing PCD-associated antigen. SJL/J strain of mouse is found to be a responder to the major epitope on the antigen for anti-Purkinje cell antibodies, and whole recombinant yeast could induce cellular and humoral autoimmune responses in vivo ion SJL/J mice. The immunization technique based on the recombinant yeast expressing a PCD-associated antigen provides a new tool for analyzing the underlying immunological pathomechanisms of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-02, Japan
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Franzusoff A, Duke RC, King TH, Lu Y, Rodell TC. Yeasts encoding tumour antigens in cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5:565-75. [PMID: 15934834 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.5.4.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer represents an attractive therapeutic target because of its specificity and lack of toxicity, but products investigated so far have been limited by neutralisation, complexity of manufacturing and requirement for patient-specific products. Recombinant yeast cells are capable of stimulating the immune system to produce highly specific and potent cellular responses against target protein antigens with little toxicity. Data from animal models suggest that Tarmogens (yeast-based immunotherapeutics) can elicit protective immunity against xenografted and chemically induced tumours. This concept is now being tested in a Phase I trial in patients with colorectal, pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Franzusoff
- GlobeImmune, Inc., 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80010, USA
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40
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Shin SJ, Bae JL, Cho YW, Lee DY, Kim DH, Yang MS, Jang YS, Yoo HS. Induction of antigen-specific immune responses by oral vaccination withSaccharomyces cerevisiaeexpressingActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeApxIIA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 43:155-64. [PMID: 15681145 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An effective way of inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses to protect against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 Korean isolate was examined in mice by oral immunization using Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the ApxIIA protein. The immunogenicity of the yeast-derived ApxIIA antigen was confirmed by the challenge test and ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody response assay. The group subcutaneously immunized with the protein extracted from the yeast expressing ApxIIA showed a higher survival rate after challenging with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 isolate and IgG antibody level in serum than the group injected with that prepared from the yeast harboring vector only. Feeding the yeast expressing ApxIIA to mice induced both systemic and mucosal immune responses against the antigen. ApxIIA-specific IgA antibody titers and the number of IgA-secreting cells of mice vaccinated with S. cerevisiae expressing ApxIIA dose-dependently increased from the third immunization in both intestine and lung (P<0.01). A similar tendency of ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody responses was observed in the sera. The protective efficacy of the oral immunization was then evaluated by a challenge with a minimal lethal dose (MLD, 4.5 x 10(7) CFU/ml) of the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 isolate. Fifty percent of the 30 mg administered group and 30% of the 15 mg administered group survived while none of the mice in the control groups survived after 36 h. These results suggest that feeding animals the yeast expressing the antigen can be an effective strategy to induce protective immune responses against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
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MESH Headings
- Actinobacillus Infections/prevention & control
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/immunology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Genes, Bacterial
- Hemolysin Proteins
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Intestines/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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41
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Blanquet S, Antonelli R, Laforet L, Denis S, Marol-Bonnin S, Alric M. Living recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae secreting proteins or peptides as a new drug delivery system in the gut. J Biotechnol 2005; 110:37-49. [PMID: 15099904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Revised: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to prevent or treat diseases have been focusing on innovative approaches, such as the oral administration of living recombinant micro-organisms delivering active compounds in the digestive environment. The survival rate and the ability of two recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (WppV(5)H(6) and WppGSTV(5)H(6)) to initiate the synthesis and secrete either a model peptide (peptide-V(5)H(6), MW: 5.6 kDa) or a model protein (glutathione-S-transferase-V(5)H(6), MW: 31.5 kDa) were studied in a gastric-small intestinal system simulating human digestive conditions. The WppV(5)H(6) and WppGSTV(5)H(6) strains respectively showed 83.1%+/-9.6 (n=3) and 95.3%+/-22.7 (n=4) survival rates in the model upper digestive tract after 270 min of digestion. The secretion products were detected as early as 90 min after the yeast intake/gene induction in each compartment of the in vitro system, but mostly in the jejunum and ileum. The GST-V(5)H(6) concentrations in the digestive medium reached 15 ng ml(-1), close to values measured in batch cultures. These results open up new opportunities for the set up of drug delivery systems based on engineered yeasts secreting compounds directly in the digestive tract. The main potential medical applications include the development of oral vaccines, the correction of metabolic disorders and the in situ production of biological mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Blanquet
- Equipe de Recherche Technologique 'Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament' (ERT CIDAM), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH), Université d'Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Andrés I, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Buesa J, Zueco J. Yeast expression of the VP8* fragment of the rotavirus spike protein and its use as immunogen in mice. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 93:89-98. [PMID: 16193515 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The VP8* fragment from the rotavirus spike protein was expressed as a fusion protein with two different cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Icwp (Ssr1p) and Pir4, to achieve cell wall targeting or secretion to the growth medium of the fusion proteins. Two different host strains were used for the expression of the fusion proteins, a standard S. cerevisiae strain and a mnn9 glycosylation deficient strain, the later to reduce hyper-glycosylation. The Icwp-VP8* fusion could only be detected in the growth medium, indicating that the presence of the VP8* moiety interferes with the anchorage of Icwp to the cell wall. In the case of the Pir4-VP8* fusion proteins, we achieved cell wall targeting or secretion depending on how the gene fusion had been performed. In all cases, the fusion proteins expressed in the mnn9 strain showed a reduced level of glycosylation. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally either with Pir4-VP8* or Icwp-VP8* fusion proteins purified from the growth medium of mnn9 strains expressing them or with whole cells of an mnn9 strain expressing a Pir4-VP8 fusion protein on its cell walls. Hundred percent of mice inoculated with the Pir4-VP8* fusion protein and 25% of those inoculated with the Icwp-VP8* fusion protein showed high titers of anti-VP8* antibodies. No specific immune response was detected in those mice inoculated with whole cells. Finally, susceptibility to rotavirus infection of the offspring of immunized dams was determined and protection was found in a percentage of approximately 60% with respect to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Andrés
- Unidad de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Univ de Valencia, Avda, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n. 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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Abstract
Cell-surface display allows peptides and proteins to be displayed on the surface of microbial cells by fusing them with the anchoring motifs. The protein to be displayed - the passenger protein - can be fused to an anchoring motif - the carrier protein - by N-terminal fusion, C-terminal fusion or sandwich fusion. The characteristics of carrier protein, passenger protein and host cell, and fusion method all affect the efficiency of surface display of proteins. Microbial cell-surface display has many potential applications, including live vaccine development, peptide library screening, bioconversion using whole cell biocatalyst and bioadsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Uccelletti D, De Jaco A, Farina F, Mancini P, Augusti-Tocco G, Biagioni S, Palleschi C. Cell surface expression of a GPI-anchored form of mouse acetylcholinesterase in Klpmr1Delta cells of Kluyveromyces lactis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 298:559-65. [PMID: 12408988 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mouse acetylcholinesterase AChE(H) was expressed in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. The AChE(H) activity was detectable in intact cells whereas it was absent in the culture media. Glucanase treatment and immunoelectron microscopy data indicated that AChE(H) is anchored to plasma membrane and that the mouse GPI-signaling is compatible with the K. lactis targeting machinery. The AChE(H) was also expressed in a K. lactis strain carrying an inactivated allele of KlPMR1, the gene coding for a P-type Ca(2+)-ATPase of the Golgi apparatus. This mutant displays changes in protein glycosylation and cell wall structure. The AChE(H) activity detected in Klpmr1Delta cells was more than twofold higher than that observed in wild-type cells. The combination of AChE expression and anchoring with the characteristics of Klpmr1Delta strain of K. lactis resulted in yeast cells displaying high AChE activity. This could be regarded as a novel sensing unit to be employed for detecting AChE inhibitors as pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazza Aldo More 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Matsumoto T, Fukuda H, Ueda M, Tanaka A, Kondo A. Construction of yeast strains with high cell surface lipase activity by using novel display systems based on the Flo1p flocculation functional domain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:4517-22. [PMID: 12200308 PMCID: PMC124111 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.9.4517-4522.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed a novel cell-surface display system, using as a new type of cell-wall anchor 3,297 or 4,341 bp of the 3' region of the FLO1 gene (FS or FL gene, respectively), which encodes the flocculation functional domain of Flo1p. In this system, the N terminus of the target protein was fused to the FS or FL protein and the fusion proteins were expressed under the control of the inducible promoter UPR-ICL (5' upstream region of the isocitrate lyase of Candida tropicalis). Using this new system, recombinant lipase with a pro sequence from Rhizopus oryzae (rProROL), which has its active site near the C terminus, was displayed on the cell surface. Cell-surface display of the FSProROL and FLProROL fusion proteins was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Lipase activity reached 145 IU/liter (61.3 IU/g [dry cell weight]) on the surface of the yeast cells, which successfully catalyzed the methanolysis reaction. Using these whole-cell biocatalysts, methylesters synthesized from triglyceride and methanol reached 78.3% after 72 h of reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first example of cell-surface display of lipase with high activity. Interestingly, the yeast cells displaying the FLProROL protein showed strong flocculation, even though the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment signal and cell-membrane-anchoring region of Flo1p had been deleted from this gene. The cell-surface display system based on FL thus endows the yeast strain with both novel enzyme display and strong flocculation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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46
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Abstract
Display of heterologous proteins on the surface of microorganisms, enabled by means of recombinant DNA technology, has become an increasingly used strategy in various applications in microbiology, biotechnology and vaccinology. Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, viruses and phages are all being investigated in such applications. This review will focus on the bacterial display systems and applications. Live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles are being developed through the surface display of foreign antigens on the bacterial surfaces. In this field, 'second generation' vaccine delivery vehicles are at present being generated by the addition of mucosal targeting signals, through co-display of adhesins, in order to achieve targeting of the live bacteria to immunoreactive sites to thereby increase immune responses. Engineered bacteria are further being evaluated as novel microbial biocatalysts with heterologous enzymes immobilized as surface exposed on the bacterial cell surface. A discussion has started whether bacteria can find use as new types of whole-cell diagnostic devices since single-chain antibodies and other type of tailor-made binding proteins can be displayed on bacteria. Bacteria with increased binding capacity for certain metal ions can be created and potential environmental or biosensor applications for such recombinant bacteria as biosorbents are being discussed. Certain bacteria have also been employed for display of various poly-peptide libraries for use as devices in in vitro selection applications. Through various selection principles, individual clones with desired properties can be selected from such libraries. This article explains the basic principles of the different bacterial display systems, and discusses current uses and possible future trends of these emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Samuelson
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, SCFAB, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Blanquet S, Marol-Bonnin S, Beyssac E, Pompon D, Renaud M, Alric M. The 'biodrug' concept: an innovative approach to therapy. Trends Biotechnol 2001; 19:393-400. [PMID: 11587764 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell engineering technology using recombinant microorganisms has created new opportunities in the development of innovative drugs. This article presents the use of living genetically engineered microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, as a new delivery vehicle to the gastrointestinal tract. This 'biodrug' concept was demonstrated using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the plant cytochrome P450 73A1. This enzyme provides a relevant model for potential therapeutic applications, such as 'biodetoxication' in the digestive environment. An artificial gastrointestinal tract simulating human digestion was chosen as a powerful tool to validate the biodrug concept. This approach offers a novel strategy for drug discovery and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blanquet
- Equipe de Recherche Technologique Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Faculté de Pharmacie, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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48
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Stubbs AC, Martin KS, Coeshott C, Skaates SV, Kuritzkes DR, Bellgrau D, Franzusoff A, Duke RC, Wilson CC. Whole recombinant yeast vaccine activates dendritic cells and elicits protective cell-mediated immunity. Nat Med 2001; 7:625-9. [PMID: 11329066 DOI: 10.1038/87974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a need for vaccines that stimulate cell-mediated immunity-particularly that mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)-against viral and tumor antigens. The optimal induction of cell-mediated immunity requires the presentation of antigens by specialized cells of the immune system called dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are unique in their ability to process exogenous antigens via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway as well as in their ability to activate naive, antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Vaccine strategies that target or activate DCs in order to elicit potent CTL-mediated immunity are the subject of intense research. We report here that whole recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast expressing tumor or HIV-1 antigens potently induced antigen-specific, CTL responses, including those mediating tumor protection, in vaccinated animals. Interactions between yeast and DCs led to DC maturation, IL-12 production and the efficient priming of MHC class I- and class II-restricted, antigen-specific T-cell responses. Yeast exerted a strong adjuvant effect, augmenting DC presentation of exogenous whole-protein antigen to MHC class I- and class II-restricted T cells. Recombinant yeast represent a novel vaccine strategy for the induction of broad-based cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Stubbs
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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49
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Abstract
In recent years, the use of surface-display vectors for displaying polypeptides on the surface of bacteriophage and bacteria, combined with in vitro selection technologies, has transformed the way in which we generate and manipulate ligands, such as enzymes, antibodies and peptides. Phage display is based on expressing recombinant proteins or peptides fused to a phage coat protein. Bacterial display is based on expressing recombinant proteins fused to sorting signals that direct their incorporation on the cell surface. In both systems, the genetic information encoding for the displayed molecule is physically linked to its product via the displaying particle. Using these two complementary technologies, we are now able to design repertoires of ligands from scratch and use the power of affinity selection to select those ligands having the desired (biological) properties from a large excess of irrelevant ones. With phage display, tailor-made proteins (fused peptides, antibodies, enzymes, DNA-binding proteins) may be synthesized and selected to acquire the desired catalytic properties or affinity of binding and specificity for in vitro and in vivo diagnosis, for immunotherapy of human disease or for biocatalysis. Bacterial surface display has found a range of applications in the expression of various antigenic determinants, heterologous enzymes, single-chain antibodies, and combinatorial peptide libraries. This review explains the basis of phage and bacterial surface display and discusses the contributions made by these two leading technologies to biotechnological applications. This review focuses mainly on three areas where phage and cell display have had the greatest impact, namely, antibody engineering, enzyme technology and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Green Building, Room 202, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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50
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Abstract
This contribution highlights factors involved with maintaining and enhancing antigen delivery or immunogenicity. Areas discussed include the cold chain, adjuvants, recombinant vectors for antigen delivery, routes for antigen delivery, and edible plant vaccines. It is doubtless that the technological understanding that underlies these advances is about to revolutionize vaccinology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Gradon
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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