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Marino Y, Inferrera F, D'Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in fibromyalgia syndrome: Molecular mechanism in central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167301. [PMID: 38878832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
A critical role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. It is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative balance in the central nervous system. Boswellia serrata (BS), a natural polyphenol, is a well-known able to influence the mitochondrial metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in fibromyalgia and their modulation by BS. To induce the model reserpine (1 mg/Kg) was subcutaneously administered for three consecutive days and BS (100 mg/Kg) was given orally for twenty-one days. BS reduced pain like behaviors in reserpine-injected rats and the astrocytes activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex that are recognized as key regions associated with the neuropathic pain. Vulnerability to neuroinflammation and impaired neuronal plasticity have been described as consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. BS administration increased PGC-1α expression in the nucleus of spinal cord and brain tissues, promoting the expression of regulatory genes for mitochondrial biogenesis (NRF-1, Tfam and UCP2) and cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms (catalase, SOD2 and Prdx 3). According with these data BS reduced lipid peroxidation and the GSSG/GSH ratio and increased SOD activity in the same tissues. Our results also showed that BS administration mitigates cytochrome-c leakage by promoting mitochondrial function and supported the movement of PGC-1α protein into the nucleus restoring the quality control of mitochondria. Additionally, BS reduced Drp1 and Fis1, preventing both mitochondrial fission and cell death, and increased the expression of Mfn2 protein, facilitating mitochondrial fusion. Overall, our results showed important mitochondrial dysfunction in central nervous system in fibromyalgia syndrome and the role of BS in restoring mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Inferrera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Gao X, Sun H, Wei Y, Niu J, Hao S, Sun H, Tang G, Qi C, Ge J. Protective effect of melatonin against metabolic disorders and neuropsychiatric injuries in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 131:155805. [PMID: 38851097 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and progressive cognitive dysfunction, and our clinical investigation revealed that the plasma concentration of melatonin (Mlt) decreased and was closely related to cognition in T2DM patients. However, although many studies have suggested that Mlt has a certain protective effect on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and neuropsychiatric injury, the underlying mechanism of Mlt against T2DM-related metabolic and cognitive impairments remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Mlt on metabolic disorders and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropsychiatric injuries in T2DM mice and to explore the possible underlying molecular mechanism involved. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was established by a combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), and Mlt (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered for six consecutive weeks. The serum levels of glycolipid metabolism indicators were measured, behavioral performance was tested, and the protein expression of key molecules involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, circadian rhythms, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus was detected. Moreover, the fluorescence intensities of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) in the hippocampus were also observed. RESULTS Treatment with Mlt not only improved T2DM-related metabolic disorders, as indicated by increased serum concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), improved glucose tolerance and liver and pancreas function but also alleviated AD-like neuropsychiatric injuries in a HFD/STZ-induced mouse model, as indicated by decreased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), increased preference indices of novel objects or novel arms in the novel object recognition test (NOR) and Y-maze test (Y-maze), and improved platform positioning capability in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Moreover, treatment with Mlt also improved the hyperactivation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of mice, accompanied by reduced expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Aβ, and p-Tau and increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Synapsin I, Synaptotagmin I, melatonin receptor 1B (MT1B), brain muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), period 2 (Per2), and cryptochrome 2 (Cry2). CONCLUSION Mlt alleviated T2DM-related metabolic disorders and AD-like neuropsychiatric injuries in a HFD/STZ-induced mouse model, possibly through a mechanism involving the regulation of glial activation and associated neuroinflammation and the balancing of synaptic plasticity and circadian rhythms in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huaizhi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yadong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jiachun Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shengwei Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huimin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China
| | - Guozhang Tang
- School of 1st Clinic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Congcong Qi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, PR China.
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Kühl F, Brand K, Lichtinghagen R, Huber R. GSK3-Driven Modulation of Inflammation and Tissue Integrity in the Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8263. [PMID: 39125833 PMCID: PMC11312333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, GSK3 is accepted as an enzyme strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation by balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of cells and organisms, thus influencing the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammatory processes at multiple levels. Disturbances within its broad functional scope, either intrinsically or extrinsically induced, harbor the risk of profound disruptions to the regular course of the immune response, including the formation of severe inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing and contextualizing the current knowledge derived from animal models to further shape our understanding of GSK3α and β and their roles in the inflammatory process and the occurrence of tissue/organ damage. Following a short recapitulation of structure, function, and regulation of GSK3, we will focus on the lessons learned from GSK3α/β knock-out and knock-in/overexpression models, both conventional and conditional, as well as a variety of (predominantly rodent) disease models reflecting defined pathologic conditions with a significant proportion of inflammation and inflammation-related tissue injury. In summary, the literature suggests that GSK3 acts as a crucial switch driving pro-inflammatory and destructive processes and thus contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); (R.L.)
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Al-Matubsi H, Rashan L, Aburayyan W, Al Hanbali O, Abuarqoub D, Efferth T. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Boswellia sacra oleo-gum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:101014. [PMID: 39167989 PMCID: PMC11381996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disorder requiring the administration of insulin or other oral hypoglycemic medicines. Although metformin is a popular prescription for type 2 diabetes, long-term use of chemotherapy-based diabetes medications can be hazardous. As a result, novel plant medicines with a high concentration of bioactive molecules, no harmful side effects, and potent pharmacological effects must be found. Edible Boswellia sacra (B. sacra) Flueck oleo-gum resin is widely utilized to treat many clinical diseases in traditional Arab, Chinese, African, and Ayurvedic medicine. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine the possible therapeutic benefits of several B. sacra oleo-gum resin extracts on rat streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia (Type II). MATERIALS AND METHODS For 29 days, hyperglycemic rats are given either metformin (the reference drug; 250 mg/kg body weight per day) or several B. sacra extracts (ethanol, methanol, hydrodistilled, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts) at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured before the initiation and at 7, 11, 16, 22, and 29 days after oral treatment. Furthermore, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized, and blood samples were obtained to evaluate cytokines (interleukin (IL-)2 and IL-8), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum insulin levels. The pancreas and liver tissues were rapidly excised, washed, fixed, and kept in a 10% formalin buffer for histological examination. RESULTS B. sacra's ethanolic extract had the greatest concentration of total pentacyclic triterpenic acid (PTA) (391.52 mg/g) in comparison to the other extracts. The lower dose of B. sacra ethanol extract, 200 mg/kg/day, reduces blood glucose levels more efficiently than the higher dose of 400 mg/kg/day. In a 180-min OGTT, diabetic rats given ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) performed no better than control rats and even outperformed those given the reference medication metformin. Additionally, ethanol extract (200 mg/kg)- or metformin-treated diabetic rats gained weight. This was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum levels of IL-2 and IL-8, a reduction in oxidative stress as evidenced by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD and GSH compared to the untreated diabetic group, and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum insulin levels compared to normal plasma rat levels. These discoveries, which were eventually confirmed by histochemical assays, indicated that the ethanol extract of B. sacra greatly enhanced the cellular architecture of pancreatic and liver cells. CONCLUSION The present investigation indicates that the ethanol extract of B. sacra oleo-gum resin, which contains a high proportion of acetyl-β-boswellic acid (β-ABA) and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties for the first time to our knowledge. Additionally, it restores hepatic cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats and protects the pancreas against oxidative damage. Thus, the current study's results give a scientific rationale for the use of B. sacra in the medical management of diabetes and associated complications. More investigation into the metabolic profiles of these extracts must be conducted to establish the precise mechanism of action of the ethanol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Al-Matubsi
- Department of Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Luay Rashan
- Medicinal Plants Division, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Walid Aburayyan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Othman Al Hanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Palestine
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
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Newairy ASAS, Hamaad FA, Wahby MM, Ghoneum M, Abdou HM. Neurotherapeutic effects of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles and Biochanin-A extracted from Trifolium alexandrinum on PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling in the cerebral cortex of male diabetic rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301355. [PMID: 38683825 PMCID: PMC11057738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe metabolic disease that can have significant consequences for cognitive health. Bioflavonoids such as Trifolium alexandrinum (TA), quercetin (Q), and Biochanin-A (BCA) are known to exert a wide range of pharmacological functions including antihyperglycemic activity. This study aimed to investigate the neurotherapeutic effects of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles (Q-LNP) and BCA extracted from TA against diabetes-induced cerebral cortical damage through modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and AMPK signaling pathways. Adult male Wistar albino rats (N = 25) were randomly assigned to one of five groups: control, diabetics fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with STZ (40 mg/kg), and diabetics treated with Q-LNP (50 mg/kg BW/day), BCA (10 mg/kg BW/day), or TA extract (200 mg/kg BW/day). Treatments were applied by oral gavage once daily for 35 days. Diabetic rats treated with Q-LNP, BCA, and TA extract showed improvement in cognitive performance, cortical oxidative metabolism, antioxidant parameters, and levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. In addition, these treatments improved neurochemical levels, including acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin levels as well acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities. Furthermore, these treatments lowered proinflammatory cytokine production for TNF-α and NF-κB; downregulated the levels of IL-1β, iNOS, APP, and PPAR-γ; and attenuated the expressions of PSEN2, BACE, IR, PI3K, FOXO 1, AKT, AMPK, GSK-3β, and GFAP. The histopathological examinations of the cerebral cortical tissues confirmed the biochemical results. Overall, the present findings suggest the potential therapeutic effects of TA bioflavonoids in modulating diabetes-induced cerebral cortical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Ahmad Hamaad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayssaa Moharm Wahby
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Heba Mohamed Abdou
- Faulty of Science, Department of Zoology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ragab EA, Abd El-Wahab MF, Doghish AS, Salama RM, Eissa N, Darwish SF. The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1477-1504. [PMID: 37740772 PMCID: PMC10858840 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in using naturally occurring substances to treat a wide variety of chronic disorders in recent years. From the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri, the pentacyclic triterpene molecules known as boswellic acid (BA) are extracted. We aimed to provide a detailed overview of the origins, chemistry, synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetic, and biological activity of numerous Boswellia species and their derivatives. The literature searched for reports of B. serrata and isolated BAs having anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and clastogenic activities. Our results revealed that the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of B. serrata refer to its triterpenoid component, including BAs. Three-O-acetyl-11-keto-BA was the most promising cytotoxic molecule among tested substances. Activation of caspases, upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and stimulation of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage are the primary mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic and antitumor effects. Evidence suggests that BAs have shown promise in combating a wide range of debilitating disease conditions, including cancer, hepatic, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box 59911, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ghorat F, Sepidarkish M, Saadattalab F, Rezghi M, Shahrestani S, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S. The clinical efficacy of Olibanum gum chewing in patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomized Parallel-Design controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:109-114. [PMID: 38069542 PMCID: PMC10932771 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly with progressive decline in cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the possible memory-improving effects of Olibanum on patients with Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out on 72 participants aged 50-75 years. The intervention group (n = 36) received 1.6 g/day of olibanum chewing gum for 18 weeks. The placebo group (n = 36) received chewing gum without olibanum. Neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, every 4 weeks, and after 18 weeks of the intervention. RESULTS There was no significant difference between (MD: 0.84, 95%CI: -1.10 to 2.78, p = 0.392) at baseline. Both groups had linear improvements over time. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding the improvements after the intervention (F = 0.157, p = 0.693). There were no significant differences between the groups for MMSE score (Mini-Mental State Examination) after the intervention (F = 0.141, p = 0.708). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that 18 weeks of gum chewing with Olibanum did not change the neuropsychological status. More clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghorat
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Farzaneh Saadattalab
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | | | - Shamim Shahrestani
- Student Research CommitteeSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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8
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Meyiah A, Shawkat MY, Ur Rehman N, Al-Harrasi A, Elkord E. Effect of Boswellic acids on T cell proliferation and activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110668. [PMID: 37487264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acids have been recognized as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents with potentials to control autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their effects on T cell proliferation and activation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated effects of individual compounds including β-Boswellic acids (β-BA), 11-keto-β-Boswellic acid (β-KBA), 3-O-acetyl β-Boswellic acids (β-ABA), and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic acid (β-AKBA) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their potential role in modulating immune responses. We showed that β-BA, KBA, and AKBA at a 0.025 µM concentration significantly reduced T cell proliferation without inducing cytotoxicity, however, ABA showed cytotoxic effects at this concentration. β-BA and KBA showed significantly reduced T cell proliferation at 0.05 µM concentration without cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, we found that AKBA at 0.025 µM concentration significantly reduced CD25 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells without cytotoxic effects. Additionally, β-BA reduced CD25 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at 0.05 µM concentration with no cytotoxicity. In this study, we determined the optimum concentration of each of these compounds that have the potential to reduce T cell activation without cytotoxic effects. Our findings show that both β-BA and AKBA have the ability to inhibit T cell proliferation and activation without inducing cytotoxicity. Further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds in different autoimmune and inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Meyiah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Murtada Y Shawkat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
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Shekarchian M, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. Physical activity in a swimming pool attenuates memory impairment by reducing glutamate and inflammatory cytokines and increasing BDNF in the brain of mice with type 2 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110725. [PMID: 37543294 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise is beneficial for the treatment of clinical symptoms in diabetic patients. The current study aimed to evaluate whether increasing physical activity through swimming training can reduce memory impairment in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and non-diabetes mice underwent swimming training for four weeks, and then working, spatial, and recognition memory were evaluated using three behavioral tests. Body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance were monitored. We also measured inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α), an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF), and glutamate levels in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex of mice. The findings showed that diabetes increased body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance, impaired working, spatial and recognition memory, increased levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and glutamate levels, and decreased BDNF in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. While higher physical activity was associated with reduced body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance, attenuated memory impairment, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and glutamate, and increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice. This study shows that swimming training can normalize body weight and glucose-insulin axis and reduce inflammation and glutamate in the hippocampus and enhance the neurotrophic system in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice. This study also suggests that higher physical activity through swimming training can improve cognitive impairment in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Shekarchian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Gomaa AA, Farghaly HSM, Makboul RM, Hussien AM, Nicola MA. Retraction Note: Polyphenols from Conyza dioscoridis (L.) ameliorate Alzheimer's disease- like alterations through multi-targeting activities in two animal models. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:276. [PMID: 37537610 PMCID: PMC10398986 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania M Makboul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Hussien
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Nicola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Teoh SH, Balan SS, Shariff H, Kumar J, Bahari H, Embong H. Dietary Polyphenols as a Protection against Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Animal Experiments; Mechanisms and Limitations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051054. [PMID: 37237920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive impairments may result from various factors, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, impaired neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition, and gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, dietary polyphenol intake in a recommended dosage has been suggested to reverse cognitive dysfunction via various pathways. However, excessive intake of polyphenols could trigger unwanted adverse effects. Thus, this review aims to outline possible causes of cognitive impairments and how polyphenols alleviate memory loss via various pathways based on in vivo experimental studies. Thus, to identify potentially relevant articles, the keywords (1) nutritional polyphenol intervention NOT medicine AND neuron growth OR (2) dietary polyphenol AND neurogenesis AND memory impairment OR (3) polyphenol AND neuron regeneration AND memory deterioration (Boolean operators) were used in the Nature, PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley online libraries. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 research papers were selected to be further reviewed. The outcome of all the studies included supports the statement of appropriate dosage by taking into consideration gender differences, underlying conditions, lifestyle, and causative factors for cognitive decline, which will significantly boost memory power. Therefore, this review recapitulates the possible causes of cognitive decline, the mechanism of polyphenols involving various signaling pathways in modulating the memory, gut dysbiosis, endogenous antioxidants, bioavailability, dosage, and safety efficacy of polyphenols. Hence, this review is expected to provide a basic understanding of therapeutic development for cognitive impairments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Santhra Segaran Balan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Halim Shariff
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UITM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Gomaa AA, Farghaly HSM, Ahmed AM, Hemida FK. Intermittent treatment with Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, ameliorates Alzheimer's-like pathology and symptoms through multiple targeting actions in aged T2D rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109927. [PMID: 36848793 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apremilast (Apre), a novel phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, neuroprotective and senolytic properties, therefore, Apre like other PDE4 inhibitors may be a promising candidate for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Apre on Alzheimer's like pathology and symptoms in an animal model. METHODS The effects of Apre and cilostazol, a reference drug, on the behavioral, biochemical, and pathological features of Alzheimer's disease induced by a high-fat/high-fructose diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (HF/HFr/l-STZ) were investigated. RESULT Apre 5 mg/kg IP/day for 3 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks attenuated memory and learning deficits tested by novel object recognition, Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. Apre treatment significantly decreased the number of degenerating cells, and abnormal suppression of gene expression of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits in the cortex and hippocampus of the AD rat model compared to rats that received vehicle. A significant decrease in elevated levels of hippocampal amyloid beta, tau-positive cell count, cholinesterase activity, and hippocampal caspase-3, a biomarker of neurodegeneration, was also observed after treatment with Apre in AD rats compared to rats that received placebo. Furthermore, a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and GSK-3 was demonstrated in AD aged rats treated by Apre. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that intermittent treatment with Apre can enhance cognitive function in HF/HFr/l-STZ rats which may be related to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy K Hemida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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13
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Karima S, Aghamollaii V, Mahmoodi Baram S, Balenci L, Lanctôt KL, Kiss A, Tafakhori A, Mahdavi M, Rajaei S, Shateri S, Yarhoseini A, Mokhtari F, Fotouhi A, Riazi A. Boswellic Acids Improve Clinical Cognitive Scores and Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:359-370. [PMID: 37248896 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have had limited success. Considering the association of neuroinflammation with AD symptoms as demonstrated in multiple studies, assessment of the clinical efficacy of molecules that reduce systemic or brain inflammation is warranted. OBJECTIVE This clinical trial assessed whether boswellic acids can improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms while reducing inflammation in AD patients. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, study was conducted on 85 AD patients randomized to boswellic acids (K-Vie™ as the main ingredient in Memowell™) or placebo for 6 months. Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were compared to baseline and between groups and constituted the co-primary clinical efficacy endpoints. Secondary outcomes included neuropsychiatric assessment (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire, NPI-Q) and assessment of AD and inflammation biomarkers. RESULTS Patients on K-Vie™ showed a 3.1- and 1.6-unit improvement in MMSE and CDR-SOB scores, respectively, when compared to patients on placebo. NPI-Q analysis revealed significant improvement in the K-Vie™ but not in the placebo group. Only mild gastrointestinal side effects were reported in a few patients. Patients on K-Vie™ showed improvement in plasma AD biomarkers and reduction of key inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF. CONCLUSION Our results support the positive cognitive effects of boswellic acids by reducing the systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Department of Research Design and Biostatistics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Mahdavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Clinical Trial Department, Behbalin Inc., Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shateri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Yarhoseini
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Riazi
- Kondor Pharma Inc. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Payal N, Sharma L, Sharma A, Hobanii YH, Hakami MA, Ali N, Rashid S, Sachdeva M, Gulati M, Yadav S, Chigurupati S, Singh A, Khan H, Behl T. Understanding the Therapeutic Approaches for Neuroprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3368-3384. [PMID: 38151849 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275761231103102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The term "neurodegenerative disorders" refers to a group of illnesses in which deterioration of nerve structure and function is a prominent feature. Cognitive capacities such as memory and decision-making deteriorate as a result of neuronal damage. The primary difficulty that remains is safeguarding neurons since they do not proliferate or regenerate spontaneously and are therefore not substituted by the body after they have been damaged. Millions of individuals throughout the world suffer from neurodegenerative diseases. Various pathways lead to neurodegeneration, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium ion overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis. Although different treatments and therapies are available for neuroprotection after a brain injury or damage, the obstacles are inextricably connected. Several studies have revealed the pathogenic effects of hypothermia, different breathed gases, stem cell treatments, mitochondrial transplantation, multi-pharmacological therapy, and other therapies that have improved neurological recovery and survival outcomes after brain damage. The present review highlights the use of therapeutic approaches that can be targeted to develop and understand significant therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrana Payal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yahya Hosan Hobanii
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmacy, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 1444411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Abhiav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Ma J, Wang X, Xu M, Chang Y, Dong M, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu N, Liu W. Raspberry Ketone Protects Kidney Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy by Improving Kidney Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221148619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play essential roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The respiratory oxygen consumption and oxidative stress status of kidney mitochondria are closely associated with the development of DN. In this study, raspberry ketone (RK), the predominant bioactive component extracted from raspberry, was applied to treat the established DN mice model. This study investigated whether RK protects the kidneys of high-fat and high-sugar/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Besides, the DN mice models were established by injecting high-fat and high-sugar/STZ (130 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). The animals were randomly divided into the control group (normal saline, ig), DN group (normal saline, ig), DN + RK group (200 mg/kg RK + normal saline, ig), DN + RK group (400 mg/kg RK + normal saline, ig), and DN + Metformin (Met) (200 mg/kg Met + normal saline, ig). Regular monitoring of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels was observed in mice. After 10 weeks of drug treatment, the kidneys of mice in each group were analyzed using ultrasound, and the mice were euthanized humanely. Kidney weight (KW)/body weight (BW) and kidney injury, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress indicators were determined. The histopathological changes in renal tissue were observed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The results recommended that RK has a renoprotective function on DN mice by improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Meng Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Chang
- Teaching Affairs Office, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Na Xu
- Teaching Affairs Office, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Wensen Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
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Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA, Gomaa MA. Glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids, the golden nutraceuticals: multitargeting for treatment of mild-moderate COVID-19 and prevention of post-COVID cognitive impairment. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1977-1992. [PMID: 36136251 PMCID: PMC9493173 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Breakthrough infections have been reported in fully vaccinated persons. Furthermore, rebound symptoms have been reported following the new FDA granted emergency use to combat SARS-CoV-2. Glycyrrhizin (GR) and boswellic acids (BAs) combination has been shown to have highly successful actions against COVID-19 in our recent clinical trial. However, the study is limited by the small sample size, and therefore, the aim of this article is to comprehensively evaluate recent evidence on the efficacy of GR and BAs in preventing the development of COVID-19 in patients with mild and moderate infections and in preventing post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, which is the most important symptom after recovery from Covid-19 disease. We have reviewed and discussed information published since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic until July 2022 on preclinical (in vivo, in vivo and bioinformatics) and clinical studies related to the antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of Gr and BAs. Sixteen studies were performed to determine the efficacy of GR against SARS-CoV-2. Ten studies were used primarily for in vitro and in vivo assays and six used molecular docking studies. However, the antiviral activity of BAs against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in only five studies using molecular modeling and bioinformatics. All these studies confirmed that GR n and BAs have strong antiviral activity and can be used as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 and as a protective agent against SARS-CoV-2. They may act by inhibiting the main protease SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) responsible for replication and blocking spike protein-mediated cell entry. Only seven rigorously designed clinical trials regarding the usefulness of GR, BAs or their combinations in the treatment of COVID-19 have been published as of July 2022. Although there is no clinical study regarding the treatment of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 that has been published so far, several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential effect of GR and BAs in the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment by inhibiting the activity of several molecules that activate inflammatory signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of our study documented the beneficial use of GR and BAs to treat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and prevent post-COVID cognitive impairment. However, it warrants further studies with a larger randomized sample size to ensure that the studies have sufficient evidence of benefits against COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed A Gomaa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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17
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Li Z, Li S, Xiao Y, Zhong T, Yu X, Wang L. Nutritional intervention for diabetes mellitus with Alzheimer's disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1046726. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1046726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined disease burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, and the two diseases share some common pathological changes. However, the pharmacotherapeutic approach to this clinical complexity is limited to symptomatic rather than disease-arresting, with the possible exception of metformin. Whether nutritional intervention might extend or synergize with these effects of metformin is of interest. In particular, dietary patterns with an emphasis on dietary diversity shown to affect cognitive function are of growing interest in a range of food cultural settings. This paper presents the association between diabetes and AD. In addition, the cross-cultural nutritional intervention programs with the potential to mitigate both insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia, together with cognitive impairment are also reviewed. Both dietary patterns and nutritional supplementation showed the effects of improving glycemic control and reducing cognitive decline in diabetes associated with AD, but the intervention specificity remained controversial. Multi-nutrient supplements combined with diverse diets may have preventive and therapeutic potential for DM combined with AD, at least as related to the B vitamin group and folate-dependent homocysteine (Hcy). The nutritional intervention has promise in the prevention and management of DM and AD comorbidities, and more clinical studies would be of nutritional scientific merit.
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18
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Gomaa AA, Farghaly HSM, Makboul RM, Hussien AM, Nicola MA. Polyphenols from Conyza dioscoridis (L.) ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease- like alterations through multi-targeting activities in two animal models. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:288. [PMID: 36348329 PMCID: PMC9644610 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent investigations suggested that anticancer agents may inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Conyza dioscoridis (L.) was demonstrated to have anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of polyphenols from Conyza dioscoridis (L.) extract (PCDE) on AD. Methods Impacts of 3 doses of PCDE and donepezil, a reference drug, on the features of Alzheimer's disease in two animal models were investigated. Results PCDE ameliorated the memory and learning impairment shown in rats following a single dose of scopolamine (scopolamine model) or 17 weeks of high-fat/high-fructose(HF/Hfr) diet coupled with a single dose of streptozotocin, (25 mg/kg) (T2D model). They reduced significantly the high hippocampal cholinesterase activity in the two models of rats. Administration of PCDE for 8 weeks in the T2D model showed a significant reduction in hippocampal GSK-3β, caspase-3 activity and increase in the inhibited glutamate receptor expression (AMPA GluR1 subunit and NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, NR2B). A significant reduction of HOMA-insulin resistance and serum hypercholesterolemia was observed. The Tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ 1–42 generation in the hippocampal of T2D rats were significantly decreased by PCDE. Modulation of the oxidative stress markers, (rise in GH and SOD; decrease in MDA levels) and a significant reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus of T2D rats treated by PCDE extract were important findings in this study. The highest dose tested was 4% of the highest safe dose. Conclusion Our study suggests that PCDE is multi-targeting agent with multiple beneficial activities in combating features of AD. This study may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AD treatment that warrants clinical studies.
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Swain SK, Chandra Dash U, Sahoo AK. Hydrolea zeylanica improves cognitive impairment in high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced diabetic encephalopathy in rats via regulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmission in brain. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Modulation of NRF-2 Pathway Contributes to the Therapeutic Effects of Boswellia serrata Gum Resin Extract in a Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112129. [PMID: 36358503 PMCID: PMC9686591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a clinically dangerous disease that can result in death. Oxidative stress as well as inflammatory and immune responses play important roles in the development of myocarditis. Presently, more research has been carried out on anti-inflammatory treatment using natural compounds. The aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Boswellia gum resin extract in an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and the involvement of molecular pathways. Rats were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin to ascertain EAM. The EAM rats were treated orally with Boswellia extract or vehicle for 21 days. EAM caused macroscopic and microscopic alterations with necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis of the heart tissues, as well as clinical biochemical changes, cytokines release, altered immune response, and oxidative stress. Oral treatment with Boswellia markedly reduced myocardial damage, decreased inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis, biochemical markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase and the creatine kinase, and heart weight/body weight ratio. In addition, low nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels together with the upregulation of antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 NRF-2 pathway were observed in EAM rats treated with Boswellia. Thus, Boswellia could be considered as a new natural extract to combat heart pathologies, such as autoimmune myocarditis.
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Mohamed EA, Ahmed HI, Zaky HS, Badr AM. Boswellic acids ameliorate neurodegeneration induced by AlCl 3: the implication of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76135-76143. [PMID: 35668264 PMCID: PMC9553772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease (ND) that represents the principal cause of dementia. Effective treatment is still lacking. Without prevention, Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence is expected to triple within 30 years. The risk increases in highly polluted areas and is positively linked to chronic aluminum (Al) exposure. Canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has been found to play a considerable role in ND pathogenesis. Resins of Boswellia serrata (frankincense) have been used traditionally for their psychoactive activity, in addition to their memory-boosting effects. Boswellic acids (BA) are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BA protective activity against aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease. For 6 weeks, rats were treated daily with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/i.p.) either alone or with BA (125 or 250 mg/kg PO). Results indicated that BA significantly improved learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl3 treatment. Moreover, BA treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase levels and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) expression. In addition, BA ameliorated the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inhibited lipid peroxidation, and increased total antioxidants in the brain. Indeed, BA significantly suppressed AlCl3-induced decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pGSK-3β (Ser 9), and β-catenin. BA (250 mg/kg) showed a significant protective effect compared to a lower dose. The results conclude that BA administration modulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related parameters, contributing to BA's role against Al-induced Alzheimer's disease. Effect of Boswellic acids on AlCl3-induced neurodegenerative changes. ChE cholinesterase, Ach acetylcholine, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-1β interleukin-1β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Heba S. Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Amira M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
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Ansari MA, Rao MS, Al-Jarallah A, Babiker FM. Early Time Course of Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal Synaptosomes and Cognitive Loss Following Impaired Insulin Signaling in Rats: Development of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Deng C, Chen H, Meng Z, Meng S. Roles of traditional chinese medicine regulating neuroendocrinology on AD treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955618. [PMID: 36213283 PMCID: PMC9533021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that in addition to some genetic abnormalities, the majority of AD patients has a history of long-term exposure to risk factors. Neuroendocrine related risk factors have been proved to be strongly associated with AD. Long-term hormone disorder can have a direct detrimental effect on the brain by producing an AD-like pathology and result in cognitive decline by impairing neuronal metabolism, plasticity and survival. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) may regulate the complex process of endocrine disorders, and improve metabolic abnormalities, as well as the resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage through a variety of pathways. TCM has unique therapeutic advantages in treating early intervention of AD-related neuroendocrine disorders and preventing cognitive decline. This paper reviewed the relationship between neuroendocrine and AD as well as the related TCM treatment and its mechanism. The advantages of TCM intervention on endocrine disorders and some pending problems was also discussed, and new insights for TCM treatment of dementia in the future was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Gliozzi M, Macrì R, Coppoletta AR, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Cardamone A, Ruga S, Scarano F, Nucera S, Mollace R, Bava I, Caminiti R, Serra M, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. From Diabetes Care to Heart Failure Management: A Potential Therapeutic Approach Combining SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plant Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183737. [PMID: 36145112 PMCID: PMC9504067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex chronic disease, and among the affected patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD)is the most common cause of death. Consequently, the evidence for the cardiovascular benefit of glycaemic control may reduce long-term CVD rates. Over the years, multiple pharmacological approaches aimed at controlling blood glucose levels were unable to significantly reduce diabetes-related cardiovascular events. In this view, a therapeutic strategy combining SGLT2 inhibitors and plant extracts might represent a promising solution. Indeed, countering the main cardiometabolic risk factor using plant extracts could potentiate the cardioprotective action of SGLT2 inhibitors. This review highlights the main molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects that could contribute to the better management of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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Tian R, Liu X, Jing L, Yang L, Xie N, Hou Y, Tao H, Tao Y, Wu J, Meng X. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction attenuates cognitive dysfunction of rats with type 2 diabetes by regulating autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115196. [PMID: 35337922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) is a traditional Chinese formula that is efficacious in treating diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetic encephalopathy; the underlying mechanisms of HLJDD in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of HLJDD on cognitive function, and the possible underlying mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rat model of cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve active ingredients in HLJDD were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. An animal model of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM was induced via a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, T2DM, metformin (0.34 g/kg/day), and HLJDD groups (3, 1.5, and 0.75 g/kg/day). All treatments were intragastrically administrated for nine continuous weeks after the development of T2DM. Body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid levels were measured. Spatial learning and memory of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining were performed to evaluate neuronal morphology and vitality. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels were measured to determine the level of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the synaptic morphology and structure of hippocampal neurons. IL-1β levels in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. The protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, mature IL-1β, ATG7, P62, LC3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS HLJDD attenuated cognitive dysfunction in rats with T2DM as shown by the decreased escape latency, increased times crossing the platform and time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test (P < 0.05), improvement in hippocampal histopathological changes, and an elevated level of cell vitality. HLJDD treatment also reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, ameliorated oxidative stress, and downregulated IL-1β expression in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid (P < 0.05). Moreover, HLJDD enhanced BDNF, ATG7, and LC3 protein expression and significantly inhibited the expression of P62, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and mature IL-1β in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence results further confirmed that the fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and P62 in the hippocampus decreased after HLJDD intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HLJDD ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats. The neuroprotective effect is exerted via the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, upregulation of autophagy, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Na Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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26
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Khajehdehi M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Baradaran B. Molecular evidences on anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and memory-boosting effects of frankincense. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1194-1215. [PMID: 35142408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical diversity of natural products with drug-like features has attracted much attention from medicine to develop more safe and effective drugs. Their anti-inflammatory, antitumor, analgesic, and other therapeutic properties are sometimes more successful than chemical drugs in controlling disease due to fewer drug resistance and side effects and being more tolerable in a long time. Frankincense, the oleo gum resin extracted from the Boswellia species, contains some of these chemicals. The anti-inflammatory effect of its main ingredient, boswellic acid, has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, mainly those target memory functions. In this review, we have accumulated research evidence from the beneficial effect of Frankincense consumption in memory improvement and the prevention of inflammation and cancer. Besides, we have discussed the molecular pathways mediating the therapeutic effects of this natural supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Khajehdehi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yu J, Zhao L, Zhang K, Wang X. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective cembranoid alcohols from the Gum Resin of Boswellia carterii. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105064. [PMID: 34656670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Five undescribed cembranoid alcohols, boscartinols A-E (1-5) were discovered from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. Their structures were elucidated by analyzing the spectroscopic data. Notably, all these five compounds preserved an isopropyl type cembranoid skeleton, featured the same groups of one epoxy ring at C1-C12 and one hydroxy group at C-11, as well as two double bonds migrating from C3 to C9 and one hydroxy group from C3 to C8 within the cembranoid structure. These cembranoids were evaluated for the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities using two cell models of APAP-induced HepG2 and LPS-induced RAW 264.7. For hepatoprotective activity, compounds 1 and 5 showed remarkable hepatoprotective activity (inhibition rate of 51.6% and 39.8%, respectively) at 10 μM, with the other three compounds of 2-4 showing less potently hepatoprotective. For anti-inflammatory activity, compounds 2-4 showed significant inhibitory effects on NO produced by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell (IC50 values of 13.40 μM, 7.08 μM and 14.26 μM), with the other two compounds of 1 and 5 showing less potently anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Applied Techonology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Zoucheng People's Hospital, No. 59 Qianquan Road, Zoucheng 273500, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Applied Techonology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), China.
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28
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Nugraheni M, Purwanti S, Ekawatiningsih P. Impact of Analog Rice Derived from Different Composite Flours from Tubers, Germinated Legumes, and Cereals on Improving Serum Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:296-306. [PMID: 34737990 PMCID: PMC8531424 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of four types of analog rice made from different composite flours in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and fed different food for six weeks: normal standard food (NSF), diabetic standard food (DSF), diabetic commercial rice (DCR), and diabetic analog rice (DAR) I∼IV. Total phenolic, dietary fiber, and resistant starch contents were evaluated in every analog and commercial type of rice. The parameters studied were fasting blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (IR), HOMA β, lipid profile, atherogenic indexes (AI), weight changes, serum insulin and antioxidant activities. Total phenol, dietary fiber, and resistant starch were higher for analog rice IV than the other three analog rice. In addition, analog rice IV had a greater ability to lower fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels. High density lipoprotein levels increased in all groups fed analog rice, and all diabetic rats fed four types of analog rice had improved weight, antioxidant activity, serum insulin levels, HOMA IR, HOMA β, and AI. Commercial rice consumption did not improve glucose or lipids profiles, antioxidant activity, serum insulin level, HOMA IR, HOMA β, or AI in diabetic mice. These results show that the four types of analog rice significantly improved serum markers in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara Nugraheni
- Culinary Art Vocational Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sutriyati Purwanti
- Culinary Art Vocational Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Prihastuti Ekawatiningsih
- Culinary Art Vocational Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Potential therapeutic effects of boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2167-2185. [PMID: 34542667 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction has been reported in many recent articles. There is currently no disease-modifying treatment available for cognitive impairment. Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) is used traditionally to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance (IR), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to highlight current research on the potential use of boswellic acids (BAs)/B. serrata extract in T2D and AD. We reviewed the published information through June 2021. Studies have been collected through a search on online electronic databases (Academic libraries as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). Accumulating evidence in preclinical and small human clinical studies has indicated that BAs/B. serrata extract has potential therapeutic effect in T2D and AD. According to most of the authors, the potential therapeutic effects of BAs/B. serrata extract in T2D and AD can be attributed to immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and elimination of the senescent cells. BAs/B. serrata extract may act by inhibiting the IκB kinase/nuclear transcription factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway and increasing the formation of selective anti-inflammatory LOX-isoform modulators. In conclusion, BAs/B. serrata extract may have positive therapeutic effects in prevention and therapy of T2D and AD. However, more randomized controlled trials with effective, large populations are needed to show a definitive conclusion about therapeutic efficacy of BAs/B. serrata extract in T2D and AD.
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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Demján V, Sója A, Kiss T, Fejes A, Gausz FD, Szűcs G, Siska A, Földesi I, Tengölics R, Darula Z, Csupor D, Pipicz M, Csont T. Stellaria media tea protects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats without affecting glucose tolerance. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:250-259. [PMID: 35493309 PMCID: PMC9039105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Common chickweed (Stellaria media) tea has traditionally been applied for treatment of various metabolic diseases including diabetes in folk medicine; however, experimental evidence to support this practice is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of Stellaria media tea on glucose homeostasis and cardiac performance in a rat model of diabetes. Experimental procedure Hot water extract of Stellaria media herb were analyzed and used in this study, where diabetes was induced by fructose-enriched diet supplemented with a single injection of streptozotocin. Half of the animals received Stellaria media tea (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. At the end of the 20-week experimental period, blood samples were collected and isolated working heart perfusions were performed. Results and conclusion Compared to the animals receiving standard chow, serum fasting glucose level was increased and glucose tolerance was diminished in diabetic rats. Stellaria media tea did not affect significantly fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance; however, it attenuated diabetes-induced deterioration of cardiac output and cardiac work. Analysis of the chemical composition of Stellaria media tea suggested the presence of rutin and various apigenin glycosides which have been reported to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, Stellaria media prevented diabetes-induced increase in cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation. We demonstrated for the first time that Stellaria media tea may beneficially affect cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes without improvement of glucose homeostasis. Rutin and/or apigenin glycosides as well as modulation of STAT3 signaling may be implicated in the protection of Stellaria media tea against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Stellaria media (SM) tea attenuates diabetic deterioration of cardiac performance. SM tea contains apigenin glycosides and presumably rutin which have been reported to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy. SM tea restores diabetes-induced cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation. SM tea does not affect fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.
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Gomaa AA, Mohamed HS, Abd-Ellatief RB, Gomaa MA. Boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic agent in the elderly. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1033-1048. [PMID: 34224069 PMCID: PMC8256410 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most severe cases of COVID-19, and the highest rates of death, are among the elderly. There is an urgent need to search for an agent to treat the disease and control its progression. Boswellia serrata is traditionally used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung. This review aims to highlight currently published research that has shown evidence of potential therapeutic effects of boswellic acids (BA) and B. serrata extract against COVID-19 and associated conditions. We reviewed the published information up to March 2021. Studies were collected through a search of online electronic databases (academic libraries such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). Several recent studies reported that BAs and B. serrata extract are safe agents and have multiple beneficial activities in treating similar symptoms experienced by patients with COVID-19. Because of the low oral bioavailability and improvement of buccal/oral cavity hygiene, traditional use by chewing B. serrata gum may be more beneficial than oral use. It is the cheapest option for a lot of poorer people. The promising effect of B. serrata and BA can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, anti-platelet aggregation, antibacterial, antifungal, and broad antiviral activity. B. serrata and BA act by multiple mechanisms. The most common mechanism may be through direct interaction with IκB kinases and inhibiting nuclear factor-κB-regulated gene expression. However, the most recent mechanism proposed that BA not only inhibited the formation of classical 5-lipoxygenase products but also produced anti-inflammatory LOX-isoform-selective modulators. In conclusion a small to moderate dose B. serrata extract may be useful in the enhancing adaptive immune response in mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. However, large doses of BA may be beneficial in suppressing uncontrolled activation of the innate immune response. More clinical results are required to determine with certainty whether there is sufficient evidence of the benefits against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy S Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohage University, Sohâg, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Gomaa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Chávez-Castillo M, Nuñez V, Rojas M, Ortega Á, Durán P, Pirela D, Marquina M, Cano C, Chacín M, Velasco M, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Exploring Phytotherapeutic Alternatives for Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4430-4443. [PMID: 32611293 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701205132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, the pathologic spectrum of obesity-insulin resistance (IR)-diabetes mellitus (DM) represents not only a pressing matter in public health but also a paramount object of study in biomedical research, as they constitute major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Phytotherapy, the use of medicinal herbs (MH) with treatment purposes, offers a wide array of opportunities for innovation in the management of these disorders; mainly as pharmacological research on small molecules accumulates. Several MH has displayed varied mechanisms of action relevant to the pathogenesis of obesity, IR and DM, including immunological and endocrine modulation, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS), regulation of appetite, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis, sensitisation to insulin function and potentiation of insulin release, among many others. However, the clinical correlates of these molecular phenomena remain relatively uncertain, with only a handful of MH boasting convincing clinical evidence in this regard. This review comprises an exploration of currently available preclinical and clinical research on the role of MH in the management of obesity, IR, and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Psychiatric Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela,Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victoria Nuñez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Marquina
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, José María Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas-Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010081. [PMID: 33435282 PMCID: PMC7827314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.
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Chen R, Zeng Y, Xiao W, Zhang L, Shu Y. LC-MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Early Biomarkers in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats With Cognitive Impairment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665309. [PMID: 34276557 PMCID: PMC8278747 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes in the elderly increases cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms are still far from fully understood. A non-targeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to screen out the serum biomarkers of diabetic mild cognitive impairment (DMMCI) in rats. Total 48 SD rats were divided into three groups, Normal control (NC) group, high-fat diet (HFD) fed group and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group. The T2DM rat model was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Then each group was further divided into 4-week and 8-week subgroups, which were calculated from the time point of T2DM rat model establishment. The novel object recognition test (NORT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) method were used to evaluate the cognitive deficits in all groups. Compared to the NC-8w and HFD-8w groups, both NOR and MWM tests indicated significant cognitive dysfunction in the T2DM-8w group, which could be used as an animal model of DMMCI. Serum was ultimately collected from the inferior vena cava after laparotomy. Metabolic profiling analysis was conducted using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to verify the stability of the model. According to variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) and the p-value of t-test (P < 0.05) obtained by the OPLS-DA model, the metabolites with significant differences were screened out as potential biomarkers. In total, we identified 94 differentially expressed (44 up-regulated and 50 down-regulated) endogenous metabolites. The 10 top up-regulated and 10 top down-regulated potential biomarkers were screened according to the FDR significance. These biomarkers by pathway topology analysis were primarily involved in the metabolism of sphingolipid (SP) metabolism, tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, Glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism, etc. Besides, SP metabolism, Trp metabolism and GP metabolism mainly belonging to the lipid metabolism showed marked perturbations over DMMCI and may contribute to the development of disease. Taken collectively, our results revealed that T2DM could cause cognitive impairment by affecting a variety of metabolic pathways especially lipid metabolism. Besides, serum PE, PC, L-Trp, and S1P may be used as the most critical biomarkers for the early diagnosis of DMMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbiao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Shu,
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Awasthi A, Kr A, Kumar R, Pottoo FH, Kumar V, Dureja H, Anand K, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Gowthamarajan K. Opening eyes to therapeutic perspectives of bioactive polyphenols and their nanoformulations against diabetic neuropathy and related complications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:427-448. [PMID: 33356647 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1846517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications arising from hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. In recent years polyphenols present in plants have gained attention to treat DN. The main advantages associated with them are their action via different molecular pathways to manage DN and their safety. However, they failed to gain clinical attention due to challenges associated with their formulation development such as lipophilicity,poor bioavailability, rapid systemic elimination, and enzymatic degradation.Area covered: This article includes different polyphenols that have shown their potential against DN in preclinical studies and the research carried out towards development of their nanoformulations in order to overcome aforementioned issues.Expert opinion: In this review various polyphenol based nanoformulations such as nanospheres, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, niosomes, electrospun nanofibers, metallic nanoparticles explored exclusively to treat DN are discussed. However, the literature available related to polyphenol based nanoformulations to treat DN is limited. Moreover, these experiments are limited to preclinical studies. Hence, more focus is required towards development of nanoformulations using simple and single step process as well as inexpensive and non-toxic excipients so that a stable, scalable, reproducible and non-toxic formulation could be achieved and clinical trials could be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Arya Kr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.,Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ahmed MA, Kamel EO. Involvement of H 2 S, NO and BDNF-TrkB signalling pathway in the protective effects of simvastatin against pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:461-476. [PMID: 32562563 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction was observed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled mice. The potential effectiveness of simvastatin (SIM) on PTZ-induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice was evaluated. The influence of SIM on hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), nitric oxide (NO), reactive aldehydes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B (BDNF-TrkB) signalling was also investigated. Kindling and cognitive impairments in mice were induced by 12 ip injections of PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every alternate day. The levels of reactive aldehydes and nitrite were increased while H2 S was decreased in PTZ-treated mice. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, cystathionine β-synthase, BDNF and TrkB. In PTZ-kindled mice, a rise in brain inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression associated with histopathological changes was observed. SIM administration (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, daily orally) along with alternate day of PTZ (35 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease in PTZ-induced kindling with a dose-dependent improvement in cognitive function. SIM (10 mg/kg) prevented, to variable extent, the disturbances associated with PTZ-kindled mice with cortical, cerebellar and hippocampal structural improvement. These results suggested that SIM triggers multiple mechanisms that improve cognitive function in PTZ-kindled mice through modulation of oxidative stress, H2 S, NO and BDNF-TrkB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esam O Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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Jebelli A, Khalaj-Kondori M, Rahmati-Yamchi M. The Effect of Beta-Boswellic Acid on the Expression of Camk4 and Camk2α Genes in the PC12 Cell Line. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:437-443. [PMID: 32665903 PMCID: PMC7335997 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Beta-boswellic acid (βBA) may play central roles in neural plasticity. Neural plasticity has significant implications for learning and memory which are governed by strict memoryrelated molecular pathways. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism by which βBA affects these pathways this study analyzed the expression patterns of Camk2α and Camk4 genes in PC12 cells treated with βBA. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of different βBA concentrations on PC12 cells were examined by MTT assay. For gene expression analysis, cells were treated with concentrations of 1 and 10 µM of βBA for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total RNA was purified by RNX-Plus solution and reverse transcribed into cDNA using Thermo Scientific Reverse Transcription reagents. The expression patterns of Camk2α and Camk4 genes were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: MTT assay indicated that βBA reduced PC12 cell viability in a time- and concentrationdependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the 48 and 72 hours time points were 35 and 26 µM, respectively; while, the βBA concentrations up to 100 µM failed to kill 50% of the cells after 24 hours. According to the qRT-PCR data, the Camk2α variant is not expressed in either βBA-treated or untreated PC12 cells. However, a significant upregulation was observed inCamk4 after 12 hours of treatment with βBA, which followed by a significant downregulation after 24 hours and a persistent expression equal to the control until 72 hours. Conclusion: these findings indicate that PC12 cells not only does not express Camk2α but also its expression cannot be induced by βBA. However, βBA does modulate the expression of Camk4. This result provides further insight into the molecular mechanism by which βBA affects memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Jebelli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kong L, Li XT, Ni YN, Xiao HH, Yao YJ, Wang YY, Ju RJ, Li HY, Liu JJ, Fu M, Wu YT, Yang JX, Cheng L. Transferrin-Modified Osthole PEGylated Liposomes Travel the Blood-Brain Barrier and Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology in APP/PS-1 Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2841-2858. [PMID: 32425521 PMCID: PMC7186891 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osthole (Ost) is a coumarin compound that strengthens hippocampal neurons and neural stem cells against Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in mice, and is a potential drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of the drug is limited by its solubility and bioavailability, as well as by the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, a kind of transferrin-modified Ost liposomes (Tf-Ost-Lip) was constructed, which could improve the bioavailability and enhance brain targeting. METHODS Tf-Ost-Lip was prepared by thin-film hydration method. The ability of liposomal formulations to translocate across BBB was investigated using in vitro BBB model. And the protective effect of Tf-Ost-Lip was evaluated in APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we performed pharmacokinetics study and brain tissue distribution analysis of liposomal formulations in vivo. We also observed the neuroprotective effect of the varying formulations in APP/PS-1 mice. RESULTS In vitro studies reveal that Tf-Ost-Lip could increase the intracellular uptake of hCMEC/D3 cells and APP-SH-SY5Y cells, and increase the drug concentration across the BBB. Additionally, Tf-Ost-Lip was found to exert a protective effect on APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo studies of pharmacokinetics and the Ost distribution in brain tissue indicate that Tf-Ost-Lip prolonged the cycle time in mice and increased the accumulation of Ost in the brain. Furthermore, Tf-Ost-Lip was also found to enhance the effect of Ost on the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. CONCLUSION Transferrin-modified liposomes for delivery of Ost has great potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-nan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-he Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-jia Yao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang110819, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning116001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-jun Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing102617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-tong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
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GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040820. [PMID: 32231133 PMCID: PMC7226814 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK3 has been implicated for years in the regulation of inflammation and addressed in a plethora of scientific reports using a variety of experimental (disease) models and approaches. However, the specific role of GSK3 in the inflammatory process is still not fully understood and controversially discussed. Following a detailed overview of structure, function, and various regulatory levels, this review focusses on the immunoregulatory functions of GSK3, including the current knowledge obtained from animal models. Its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles, bacterial/viral infections, and the modulation of associated pro-inflammatory transcriptional and signaling pathways is discussed. Moreover, GSK3 contributes to the resolution of inflammation on multiple levels, e.g., via the regulation of pro-resolving mediators, the clearance of apoptotic immune cells, and tissue repair processes. The influence of GSK3 on the development of different forms of stimulation tolerance is also addressed. Collectively, the role of GSK3 as a kinase balancing the initiation/perpetuation and the amelioration/resolution of inflammation is highlighted.
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Haghaei H, Soltani S, Aref Hosseini S, Rashidi MR, Karima S. Boswellic Acids as Promising Leads in Drug Development against Alzheimer’s Disease. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological activity of Boswellia extract (BE) has been attributed to its main active ingredients; i.e. Boswellic acids (BAs). BE/BAs possess a promising therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders; including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multifactorial nature of AD pathophysiology necessitates the development of the disease-modifying agents (DMA). Recent multi-targeting approaches for the DMAs development have brought more attention to the plant-derived compounds regarding their better human compatibility because of their biologic origin. This review addresses the current knowledge on the anti-AD activity of BE/BAs based on the available in silico, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. The contribution of BE/BAs in inflammatory pathways, Tau and β-amyloid proteins, microtubule functions, oxidative stress, cholinesterase and diabetes/insulin pathways involved in AD have been discussed. BAs efficacy in different AD-related pathways has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. They can be considered as valuable scaffold/lead compounds for multi-targeted DMAs in anti-AD drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghaei
- Nutrition and food Sciences Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaieh Soltani
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
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Fan X, Zhao Z, Wang D, Xiao J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:219-230. [PMID: 32147679 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved and multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. GSK-3 is originally thought to be an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis. It was subsequently found that GSK-3 influences many critical cellular functions, such as cell structure, neural plasticity, gene expression, and neuronal survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been found to be associated with cognition, and its dysregulation leads to cognitive impairments in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, depression, Parkinson's disease, and others. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the structure of GSK-3, the regulation of GSK-3 activity, and its role in cognitive function and cognitive-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Zhang W, Meng J, Liu Q, Makinde EA, Lin Q, Olatunji OJ. Shorea roxburghii Leaf Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia Induced Abnormalities in High Fat/Fructose and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900661. [PMID: 31981405 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of the methanol extract of Shorea roxburghii leaves (SRL) in high fat diet/high fructose solution (HFDHF) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats as well as evaluating its ameliorative potentials in altered biochemical and hematological parameters in the treated rats. T2DM was induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by feeding with HFDHF for 4 weeks and administering STZ (35 mg/kg, i. p.). Diabetic rats were given SRL extract at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days. The food and water intake were monitored on a daily basis, while the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body weight were measured weekly. Biochemical and hematological parameters as well as histopathological studies of the pancreas were also evaluated. SRL significantly decreased FBG and improved the body weight, food and water intake of treated diabetic rats. Furthermore, biochemical and hematological parameters including liver and kidney function enzymes, lipid profiles, white blood and red blood cells parameters were markedly ameliorated by SRL. Histopathological analyses of the pancreas indicated reconstitution of β-cells architecture in SRL treated rats. The results of this study suggest that SRL has antidiabetic potential and can be considered for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, P. R. China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, P. R. China
| | | | - Qing Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
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Gao H, Yuan X, Wang Z, Gao Q, Yang J. Profiles and neuroprotective effects of Lycium ruthenicum polyphenols against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13112. [PMID: 31800113 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (L. ruthenicum Murr.) is one of the perennial shrubs, which is commonly consumed as ethnic medicine and nutraceutical food. Herein, we detected eight polyphenols (including protocatechuic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, quercetin, syringic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) from Lycium ruthenicum. Furthermore, this study researched the potential neuroprotective mechanism of L. ruthenicum Murr. polyphenols (LRP) on PC12 cells under H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress. The results showed that pretreatment with LRP significantly mitigates H2 O2 -induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner for PC12 cells. LRP pretreatment also ameliorated the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and restored mitochondrial membrane potential as well as prevented the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 on PC12 cells under oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. This suggests that LRP will be a promising, safe candidate for delaying the onset and progress of neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lycium ruthenicum Murr. belonging to the Solanaceae family, which is widespread throughout the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is one of the well-known perennial shrubs. Moreover, it is well known for containing a considerable amount of polyphenols. It has been reported that Lycium ruthenicum has anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidative activities. Our results suggest that Lycium ruthenicum rich in polyphenols could contribute to delay in the onset and progress of neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. Hence, LRP could be labeled as a neuroprotective food, ingredient or supplement in the formulation of food products for the population under oxidative stress induced related neurological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qinghan Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Ammon HPT. Boswellic extracts and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids prevent type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:153002. [PMID: 31301539 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease directed to the pancreatic islets where inflammation leads to the death of insulin-producing ß cells and insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes, which is closely related to overweight, is characterized by insulin resistance. In both cases, proinflammatory cytokines play an important role by causing insulitis and insulin resistance. The gum resin of Boswellia species and its pharmacologically active compounds, including 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids have been shown to suppress the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in various immune-competent cells. PURPOSE To review the present evidence of the therapeutic effects of boswellic extracts (BE) and/or 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids in the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus and to provide comprehensive insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS This review considers all available informations from preclinical and clinical studies concerning BEs, 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids, proinflammatory cytokines and diabetes mellitus collected via electronic search (PubMed) and related publications of the author. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes: Studies in mice with autoimmune diabetes revealed that in the model of multiple injections of low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), an extract of the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acid (KBA) suppressed the increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the blood, infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and increase in blood glucose. In a second model, i.e. the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, KBA prevented the infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets. Regarding the clinical effects, a case report provided evidence that BE suppressed the blood levels of tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA2-A), a marker for insulitis, in a patient with late-onset autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA). Type 2 diabetes: In a preclinical study in rats where obesity was alimentary induced, the administration of BE significantly reduced food intake, overweight, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ameliorated the parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Similar results were obtained in a second animal study, where type 2 diabetes was induced by a combination of a high-fat/high-fructose diet and a single dose of streptozotocin. Two clinical trials with patients with type 2 diabetes receiving the resin of Boswellia serrata demonstrated improvement in the blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid parameters. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical data suggest that BE and/or 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines from immune-competent cells, may prevent insulitis and insulin resistance in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, and therefore may be an option in the treatment/prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is hypothesized that molecularly, BE and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids act via interference with the IκB kinase/Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway through inhibition of the phosphorylation activity of IKK. However, further investigations and well-designed clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P T Ammon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Pardeshi R, Bolshette N, Gadhave K, Arfeen M, Ahmed S, Jamwal R, Hammock BD, Lahkar M, Goswami SK. Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases the Potency of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Complications of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31068802 PMCID: PMC6491817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and it is associated with significant memory loss. In the present study, we hypothesized that the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor N-[1-(1-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N'-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-urea (also known as TPPU) could alleviate diabetes-aggravated Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms by improving memory and cognition, and reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with this condition. Also, we evaluated the effect of edaravone, an antioxidant on diabetes-induced Alzheimer's-like complications and the additive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the efficacy of TPPU. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after induction of diabetes, animals were either treated with vehicle, edaravone (3 or 10 mg/kg), TPPU (1 mg/kg) or TPPU (1 mg/kg) + DHA (100 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The results demonstrate that the treatments increased the memory response of diabetic rats, in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. Indeed, DHA + TPPU were more effective than TPPU alone in reducing the symptoms monitored. All drug treatments reduced oxidative stress and minimized inflammation in the brain of diabetic rats. Expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) was increased in the brain of diabetic rats. Treatment with edaravone (10 mg/kg), TPPU or TPPU + DHA minimized the level of APP. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which metabolizes acetylcholine was increased in the brain of diabetic rats. All the treatments except edaravone (3 mg/kg) were effective in decreasing the activity of AChE and TPPU + DHA was more efficacious than TPPU alone. Intriguingly, the histological changes in hippocampus after treatment with TPPU + DHA showed significant protection of neurons against STZ-induced neuronal damage. Overall, we found that DHA improved the efficacy of TPPU in increasing neuronal survival and memory, decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation possibly by stabilizing anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective epoxides of DHA. In the future, further evaluating the detailed mechanisms of action of sEH inhibitor and DHA could help to develop a strategy for the management of Alzheimer's-like complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pardeshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Institutional Level Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, India
| | - Mohammad Arfeen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Rohitash Jamwal
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Hammock Laboratory of Pesticide Biotechnology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Institutional Level Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Hammock Laboratory of Pesticide Biotechnology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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