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Lynch-Miller M, Lockow S, Dümmer K, Henneck T, Olmer R, Jaboreck MC, Mergani AO, Wandrey M, Branitzki-Heinemann K, Brogden G, Naim HY, Martin U, Schulz C, Talbot SR, Meurer M, Baumgärtner W, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Characterization of 3D human pulmonary epithelial model morphology and oxygen status under normoxia and hypoxia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2025; 1872:119980. [PMID: 40315920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2025.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
Infection generates localized hypoxia in affected tissue, inducing cellular survival responses and modulating inflammatory processes. Consideration of oxygen status as a parameter in in vitro infection research is therefore vital to the generation of physiologically relevant data within the 3R context. In this study, we characterize the culture morphology and oxygenation of liquid-liquid interface (LLI) permanent bronchial epithelial (Calu-3), classical air-liquid interface (cALI) Calu-3, and cALI human primary bronchial epithelial cell (hBEC) models under the normoxic conditions within standard incubators, commonly employed in in vitro work. We compare the normoxic state of these models to their hypoxic state to assess changes in the airway epithelial environment in response to oxygen deprivation, and the extent to which select hypoxia responses can be observed at the molecular level. Additional juxtapositions are drawn between Calu-3 LLI and cALI models and Calu-3 conventional monolayer (CM) and inverted air-liquid interface (iALI) models, due to their relevance for basic and specialized research, respectively. Epithelial complexity was observed to vary amongst the filter-based models, and all models were found to exhibit characteristic extracellular oxygen depletion patterns under normoxia. Importantly, the extracellular oxygen contents of Calu-3 LLI, cALI, and CM models significantly decreased during normoxic incubation. Specific hypoxia responses through stabilization of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and/or HIF-3α and alteration of ACE2 protein levels differed in response to both culture format and cell type. Therefore, while all models examined provide valuable opportunities for in vitro exploration, variation in their morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics necessitates careful consideration during experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Lynch-Miller
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Lockow
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Dümmer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo Henneck
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Christian Jaboreck
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - AhmedElmontaser O Mergani
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Madita Wandrey
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
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Gabaev I, Rowland A, Jovanovic E, Gawden-Bone CM, Crozier TWM, Teixeira-Silva A, Greenwood EJD, Gerber PP, Wit N, Nathan JA, Matheson NJ, Lehner PJ. CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens reveal regulation of TMPRSS2 by the Elongin BC-VHL complex. Sci Rep 2025; 15:11907. [PMID: 40195420 PMCID: PMC11976923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The TMPRSS2 cell surface protease is used by a broad range of respiratory viruses to facilitate entry into target cells. Together with ACE2, TMPRSS2 represents a key factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as TMPRSS2 mediates cleavage of viral spike protein, enabling direct fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, TMPRSS2 has gained attention as a therapeutic target for protease inhibitors which would inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, but little is known about TMPRSS2 regulation, particularly in cell types physiologically relevant for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we performed an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library screen, together with a library targeted at epigenetic modifiers and transcriptional regulators, to identify cellular factors that modulate cell surface expression of TMPRSS2 in human colon epithelial cells. We find that endogenous TMPRSS2 is regulated by the Elongin BC-VHL complex and HIF transcription factors. Depletion of Elongin B or treatment of cells with PHD inhibitors resulted in downregulation of TMPRSS2 and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that TMPRSS2 is still utilised by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants for entry into colonic epithelial cells. Our study enhances our understanding of the regulation of endogenous surface TMPRSS2 in cells physiologically relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildar Gabaev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alexandra Rowland
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Emilija Jovanovic
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Christian M Gawden-Bone
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Thomas W M Crozier
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ana Teixeira-Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Edward J D Greenwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Niek Wit
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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3
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Morris DR, Qu Y, Haas de Mello A, Jones-Hall YL, Liu T, Weglarz M, Ivanciuc T, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection-Associated Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3182. [PMID: 40244000 PMCID: PMC11989216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that enable cells to adapt to low-oxygen environments. Viruses can exploit this pathway to enhance infection, making HIF modulation a potential antiviral strategy. In previous in vitro studies, we found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stabilizes HIFs under normoxic conditions with inhibition of HIF-1α reducing replication. Despite several HIF-modulating compounds being tested or approved in other non-infectious models, little is known about their efficacy against respiratory viruses in relevant animal models. This study aimed to characterize the disease-modulating properties and antiviral potential of HIF-1α (PX478) and HIF-2α PT2385 inhibitors in RSV-infected BALB/c mice. We found that the inhibition of HIF-1α worsened clinical disease parameters while simultaneously improving airway function. Blocking HIF-1α also significantly reduced peak RSV replication in the lung. In contrast, the inhibition of HIF-2α was associated with improved clinical parameters, no changes in airway function, and reduced viral replication following RSV infection. The analysis of lung cells found significant modification in the T-cell compartment that correlated with changes in lung pathology and viral titers for each HIF inhibitor. This study underscores the differential roles of HIF proteins in RSV infection and highlights the need for further characterization of compounds currently in use or under therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea R. Morris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.R.M.); (M.W.); (R.P.G.)
- School of Population & Public Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
| | - Yava L. Jones-Hall
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Tianshuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
| | - Meredith Weglarz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.R.M.); (M.W.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Teodora Ivanciuc
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.R.M.); (M.W.); (R.P.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.R.M.); (M.W.); (R.P.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Y.Q.); (A.H.d.M.); (T.L.); (T.I.)
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4
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Liu J, Zhou K, Meng C, Liu Z, Huang R, Waheed Y, Yang F, Liu K, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yu X, Li S, Li T, Tong Y, Wei X, Tian C, Sun D, Zhou X. Roxadustat effectiveness versus ESAs in peritoneal dialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0320536. [PMID: 40138338 PMCID: PMC11940824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has made treating renal anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) difficult. The current study aims to compare roxadustat with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a single-center, retrospective study during the COVID-19 outbreak in China, from December 7, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The study involved patients undergoing PD who were divided based on the medication used to treat renal anemia; the roxadustat group (n = 34) and the ESAs group (n = 120). We analyzed the effectiveness of treating anemia, cost, medication adherence, and clinical outcomes related to COVID-19. Patients were followed up for 9 months. RESULTS The baseline of hemoglobin levels was (110.03 ± 1.71 g/L in the roxadustat and 110.1 ± 1.52 g/L in the ESAs groups, respectively), after 9 months of inspections, the levels of hemoglobin were (121.26 ± 2.03 g/L in the roxadustat and 118.49 ± 1.35 g/L in the ESAs groups, respectively). The roxadustat subgroup analysis indicated that total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in the roxadustat group decreased from baseline in subjects not receiving statins (3.39 ± 0.12 vs. 4.2 ± 0.21 mmol/L and 2.21 ± 0.23 vs. 3.65 ± 0.37 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The Morisky score of the roxadustat group was higher [7 (5, 8) vs. 6 (4, 8), P < 0.01]. The drug cost of the roxadustat group was higher, but another additional cost for correcting anemia was significantly reduced. The infection rate of COVID-19 and the mortality rate caused by COVID-19 were lower in roxadustat group. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, both roxadustat and ESAs effectively improved renal anemia in PD patients, however, the roxadustat group experienced less additional costs for anemia correction and better medication compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Kefan Zhou
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Zhuzhu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Yousuf Waheed
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Yanshan Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Xiaodan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Chuankuo Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinglei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou , China
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Nisar A, Khan S, Pan Y, Hu L, Yang P, Gold NM, Zhou Z, Yuan S, Zi M, Mehmood SA, He Y. The Role of Hypoxia in Longevity. Aging Dis 2025:AD.2024.1630. [PMID: 39965249 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Aging is marked by a progressive decrease in physiological function and reserve capacity, which results in increased susceptibility to diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of driving aging is crucial for extending health span and promoting human longevity. Hypoxia, marked by reduced oxygen availability, has emerged as a promising area of study within aging research. This review explores recent findings on the potential of oxygen restriction to promote healthy aging and extend lifespan. While the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in cellular responses to hypoxia is well-established, its impact on lifespan remains complex and context-dependent. Investigations in invertebrate models suggest a role for HIF-1 in longevity, while evidence in mammalian models is limited. Hypoxia extends the lifespan independent of dietary restriction (DR), a known intervention underlying longevity. However, both hypoxia and DR converge on common downstream effectors, such as forkhead box O (FOXO) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMOs) to modulate the lifespan. Further work is required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced longevity and optimize clinical applications. Understanding the crosstalk between HIF-1 and other longevity-associated pathways is crucial for developing interventions to enhance lifespan and healthspan. Future studies may uncover novel therapeutic strategies to promote healthy aging and longevity in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Nisar
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Sawar Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yongzhang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Pengyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Naheemat Modupeola Gold
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Shengjie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Meiting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | | | - Yonghan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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6
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Kim JK, Sapkota A, Roh T, Jo EK. The intricate interactions between inflammasomes and bacterial pathogens: Roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Ther 2025; 265:108756. [PMID: 39581503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that consist of a sensor, an adaptor, and a caspase enzyme to cleave interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms. In addition, caspase-1 and -11 activation results in the cleavage of gasdermin D to form pores, thereby inducing pyroptosis. Activation of the inflammasome and pyroptosis promotes host defense against pathogens, whereas dysregulation of the inflammasome can result in various pathologies. Inflammasomes exhibit versatile microbial signal detection, directly or indirectly, through cellular processes, such as ion fluctuations, reactive oxygen species generation, and the disruption of intracellular organelle function; however, bacteria have adaptive strategies to manipulate the inflammasome by altering microbe-associated molecular patterns, intercepting innate pathways with secreted effectors, and attenuating inflammatory and cell death responses. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the diverse roles of the inflammasome during bacterial infections and discuss how bacteria exploit inflammasome pathways to establish infections or persistence. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of harnessing bacterial immune subversion strategies against acute and chronic bacterial infections. A more comprehensive understanding of the significance of inflammasomes in immunity and their intricate roles in the battle between bacterial pathogens and hosts will lead to the development of innovative strategies to address emerging threats posed by the expansion of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Asmita Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taylor Roh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mou X, Luo F, Zhang W, Cheng Q, Hepojoki J, Zhu S, Liu Y, Xiong H, Guo D, Yu J, Chen L, Li Y, Hou W, Chen S. SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 promotes IL-6 production by regulating the stabilization of HIF-1α. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111387. [PMID: 39251053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe and fatal COVID-19 cases often display cytokine storm i.e. significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with systemic hypoxia. Understanding the mechanisms of these pathogenic manifestations would be essential for the prevention and especially treatment of COVID-19 patients. Here, using a dual luciferase reporter assay for hypoxia-response element (HRE), we initially identified SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 5 (NSP5), NSP16, and open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) to upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling. Further experiments showed NSP16 to have the most prominent effect on HIF-1α, thus contributing to the induction of COVID-19 associated pro-inflammatory response. We demonstrate that NSP16 interrupts von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein interaction with HIF-1α, thereby inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HIF-1α and allowing it to bind HRE region in the IL-6 promoter region. Taken together, the findings imply that SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 induces HIF-1α expression, which in turn exacerbates the production of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Weihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hairong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
| | - Shuliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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8
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Xu H, Kong L, Cheng J, Al Moussawi K, Chen X, Iqbal A, Wing PAC, Harris JM, Tsukuda S, Embarc-Buh A, Wei G, Castello A, Kriaucionis S, McKeating JA, Lu X, Song CX. Absolute quantitative and base-resolution sequencing reveals comprehensive landscape of pseudouridine across the human transcriptome. Nat Methods 2024; 21:2024-2033. [PMID: 39349603 PMCID: PMC11541003 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Pseudouridine (Ψ) is one of the most abundant modifications in cellular RNA. However, its function remains elusive, mainly due to the lack of highly sensitive and accurate detection methods. Here, we introduced 2-bromoacrylamide-assisted cyclization sequencing (BACS), which enables Ψ-to-C transitions, for quantitative profiling of Ψ at single-base resolution. BACS allowed the precise identification of Ψ positions, especially in densely modified Ψ regions and consecutive uridine sequences. BACS detected all known Ψ sites in human rRNA and spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs and generated the quantitative Ψ map of human small nucleolar RNA and tRNA. Furthermore, BACS simultaneously detected adenosine-to-inosine editing sites and N1-methyladenosine. Depletion of pseudouridine synthases TRUB1, PUS7 and PUS1 elucidated their targets and sequence motifs. We further identified a highly abundant Ψ114 site in Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA EBER2. Surprisingly, applying BACS to a panel of RNA viruses demonstrated the absence of Ψ in their viral transcripts or genomes, shedding light on differences in pseudouridylation across virus families.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pseudouridine/metabolism
- Pseudouridine/genetics
- Transcriptome
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/chemistry
- RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics
- RNA, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/genetics
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/metabolism
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/genetics
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adenosine/chemistry
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Intramolecular Transferases
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Xu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linzhen Kong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingfei Cheng
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Khatoun Al Moussawi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiufei Chen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aleema Iqbal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azman Embarc-Buh
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Guifeng Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alfredo Castello
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Skirmantas Kriaucionis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chun-Xiao Song
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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9
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Bouzari B, Chugaeva UY, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Immunometabolites in viral infections: Action mechanism and function. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29807. [PMID: 39037069 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between viral pathogens and host metabolism plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of viral infections. Upon viral detection, the metabolic landscape of the host cell undergoes significant changes, shifting from oxidative respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to increased aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic shift is accompanied by elevated nutrient accessibility, which is vital for cell function, development, and proliferation. Furthermore, depositing metabolites derived from fatty acids, TCA intermediates, and amino acid catabolism accelerates the immunometabolic transition, facilitating pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Immunometabolites refer to small molecules involved in cellular metabolism regulating the immune response. These molecules include nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, along with metabolic intermediates and signaling molecules adenosine, lactate, itaconate, succinate, kynurenine, and prostaglandins. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolites released by immune cells establish a complex interaction network within local niches, orchestrating and fine-tuning immune responses during viral diseases. However, our current understanding of the immense capacity of metabolites to convey essential cell signals from one cell to another or within cellular compartments remains incomplete. Unraveling these complexities would be crucial for harnessing the potential of immunometabolites in therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss specific immunometabolites and their mechanisms of action in viral infections, emphasizing recent findings and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Uliana Y Chugaeva
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Han H, Kim JE, Lee HJ. Effect of apigetrin in pseudo-SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory and pulmonary fibrosis in vitro model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14545. [PMID: 38914619 PMCID: PMC11196261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a global public health problem. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe and frequently reported COVID-19 sequela. In this study, an in vitro model of ARDS and PF caused by SARS-CoV-2 was established in MH-S, THP-1, and MRC-5 cells using pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 (PSCV). Expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and HIF-1α was increased in PSCV-infected MH-S and THP-1 cells, ARDS model, consistent with other profiling data in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have been reported. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) siRNA and cobalt chloride were tested using this in vitro model. HIF-1α knockdown reduces inflammation caused by PSCV infection in MH-S and THP-1 cells and lowers elevated levels of CTGF, COLA1, and α-SMA in MRC-5 cells exposed to CPMSCV. Furthermore, apigetrin, a glycoside bioactive dietary flavonoid derived from several plants, including Crataegus pinnatifida, which is reported to be a HIF-1α inhibitor, was tested in this in vitro model. Apigetrin significantly reduced the increased inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) expression and secretion by PSCV in MH-S and THP-1 cells. Apigetrin inhibited the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD to the ACE2 protein. An in vitro model of PF induced by SARS-CoV-2 was produced using a conditioned medium of THP-1 and MH-S cells that were PSCV-infected (CMPSCV) into MRC-5 cells. In a PF model, CMPSCV treatment of THP-1 and MH-S cells increased cell growth, migration, and collagen synthesis in MRC-5 cells. In contrast, apigetrin suppressed the increase in cell growth, migration, and collagen synthesis induced by CMPSCV in THP-1 and MH-S MRC-5 cells. Also, compared to control, fibrosis-related proteins (CTGF, COLA1, α-SMA, and HIF-1α) levels were over two-fold higher in CMPSV-treated MRC-5 cells. Apigetrin decreased protein levels in CMPSCV-treated MRC-5 cells. Thus, our data suggest that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) might be a novel target for SARS-CoV-2 sequela therapies and apigetrin, representative of HIF-1alpha inhibitor, exerts anti-inflammatory and PF effects in PSCV-treated MH-S, THP-1, and CMPVSC-treated MRC-5 cells. These findings indicate that HIF-1α inhibition and apigetrin would have a potential value in controlling SARS-CoV-2-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengmin Han
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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11
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Lawson H, Holt-Martyn JP, Dembitz V, Kabayama Y, Wang LM, Bellani A, Atwal S, Saffoon N, Durko J, van de Lagemaat LN, De Pace AL, Tumber A, Corner T, Salah E, Arndt C, Brewitz L, Bowen M, Dubusse L, George D, Allen L, Guitart AV, Fung TK, So CWE, Schwaller J, Gallipoli P, O'Carroll D, Schofield CJ, Kranc KR. The selective prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor IOX5 stabilizes HIF-1α and compromises development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:916-937. [PMID: 38637657 PMCID: PMC11208159 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a largely incurable disease, for which new treatments are urgently needed. While leukemogenesis occurs in the hypoxic bone marrow, the therapeutic tractability of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system remains undefined. Given that inactivation of HIF-1α/HIF-2α promotes AML, a possible clinical strategy is to target the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which promote HIF-1α/HIF-2α degradation. Here, we reveal that genetic inactivation of Phd1/Phd2 hinders AML initiation and progression, without impacting normal hematopoiesis. We investigated clinically used PHD inhibitors and a new selective PHD inhibitor (IOX5), to stabilize HIF-α in AML cells. PHD inhibition compromises AML in a HIF-1α-dependent manner to disable pro-leukemogenic pathways, re-program metabolism and induce apoptosis, in part via upregulation of BNIP3. Notably, concurrent inhibition of BCL-2 by venetoclax potentiates the anti-leukemic effect of PHD inhibition. Thus, PHD inhibition, with consequent HIF-1α stabilization, is a promising nontoxic strategy for AML, including in combination with venetoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lawson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James P Holt-Martyn
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Physiology and Immunology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yuka Kabayama
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lydia M Wang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aarushi Bellani
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Samanpreet Atwal
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadia Saffoon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jozef Durko
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louie N van de Lagemaat
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Azzura L De Pace
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Corner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine Arndt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Bowen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louis Dubusse
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Derek George
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lewis Allen
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amelie V Guitart
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Donal O'Carroll
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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12
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Nguyen CT, Nakayama M, Ishigaki H, Kitagawa Y, Kakino A, Ohno M, Shingai M, Suzuki Y, Sawamura T, Kida H, Itoh Y. Increased expression of CD38 on endothelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Virology 2024; 594:110052. [PMID: 38507920 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes activation of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to dysmorphology and dysfunction. To study the pathogenesis of endotheliopathy, the activation of ECs in lungs of cynomolgus macaques after SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism in ECs were investigated, with a focus on the CD38 molecule, which degrades NAD in inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Activation of ECs was seen from day 3 after SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques, with increases of intravascular fibrin and NAD metabolism-associated enzymes including CD38. In vitro, upregulation of CD38 mRNA in human ECs was detected after interleukin 6 (IL-6) trans-signaling induction, which was increased in the infection. In the presence of IL-6 trans-signaling stimulation, however, CD38 mRNA silencing induced significant IL-6 mRNA upregulation in ECs and promoted EC apoptosis after stimulation. These results suggest that upregulation of CD38 in patients with COVID-19 has a protective role against IL-6 trans-signaling stimulation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Marumi Ohno
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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13
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Wei X, Zhou Y, Shen X, Fan L, Liu D, Gao X, Zhou J, Wu Y, Li Y, Feng W, Zhang Z. Ciclopirox inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by promoting the degradation of the nucleocapsid protein. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2505-2519. [PMID: 38828154 PMCID: PMC11143514 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleocapsid protein (NP) plays a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 replication and is the most abundant structural protein with a long half-life. Despite its vital role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) assembly and host inflammatory response, it remains an unexplored target for drug development. In this study, we identified a small-molecule compound (ciclopirox) that promotes NP degradation using an FDA-approved library and a drug-screening cell model. Ciclopirox significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication both in vitro and in vivo by inducing NP degradation. Ciclopirox induced abnormal NP aggregation through indirect interaction, leading to the formation of condensates with higher viscosity and lower mobility. These condensates were subsequently degraded via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, ultimately resulting in a shortened NP half-life and reduced NP expression. Our results suggest that NP is a potential drug target, and that ciclopirox holds substantial promise for further development to combat SARS-CoV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xiaotong Shen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Lujie Fan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511495, China
| | - Donglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Yezi Wu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
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14
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Liao Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Hu H, Li M, Liao C. ACE2: the node connecting the lung cancer and COVID-19. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1466-1481. [PMID: 38726281 PMCID: PMC11076241 DOI: 10.62347/xjve4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) collaborates with Angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 and Mas receptors to establish the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas receptor axis. ACE2 impacts lung function and can cause lung injury due to its inflammatory effects. Additionally, ACE2 contributes to pulmonary vasculature dysfunction, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, ACE2 is a receptor for coronavirus entry into host cells, leading to coronavirus infection. Lung cancer, one of the most common respiratory diseases worldwide, has a high rate of infection. Elevated levels of ACE2 in lung cancer patients, which increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease, have been demonstrated in clinical studies and by molecular mechanisms. The association between lung cancer and SARS-CoV-2 is closely linked to ACE2. This review examines the basic pathophysiological role of ACE2 in the lung, the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on lung function, the development of pulmonary fibrosis, chronic inflammation in long-term COVID patients, and the clinical research and mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of lung cancer patients to the virus. Possible mechanisms of lung cancer in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and the potential role of ACE2 in this process are also explored in this review. The role of ACE2 as a therapeutic target in the novel coronavirus infection process is also summarized. This will help to inform prevention and treatment of long-term pulmonary complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liao
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Houfeng Li
- Graduate School, Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Huixiu Hu
- Graduate School, Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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15
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Kalinin RE, Suchkov IA, Raitsev SN, Zvyagina VI, Bel'skikh ES. Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Pathogenesis of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019. I.P. PAVLOV RUSSIAN MEDICAL BIOLOGICAL HERALD 2024; 32:133-144. [DOI: 10.17816/pavlovj165536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) emerged in December 2019 and rapidly spread over the world having provoked a pandemic of respiratory disease. This highly pathogenic virus can attack the lung tissue and derange gas exchange leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions trigger activation of adaptation mechanisms including hypoxia-inducible factor-1á (HIF-1á) which is involved in the regulation of the key processes, e. g, proliferation and metabolism of cells and angiogenesis. Besides, the level of HIF-1á expression is associated with the intensity of the immune response of an organism including that of the innate immunity mediating inflammatory reaction. Therefore, understanding the peculiarities of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease is of great importance for effective therapy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
AIM: Analysis of the current data on HIF-1á and its effect on the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19.
The analysis of the relevant domestic and international literature sources was performed in the following sections: HIF-1á as a key factor of adaptation to hypoxia, targets for HIF-1á in the aspect of the pathogenesis of COVID-19, disorders in HIF-1á-mediated adaptation to hypoxia as an element of the pathogenesis of hyperactivation of the immune cells.
CONCLUSION: HIF-1á prevents penetration of SARS-CoV-2 virus into a cell and primarily acts as the main regulator of the proinflammatory activity at the inflammation site surrounded by hypoxia. In the conditions of the deranged metabolic flexibility, a high level of HIF-1á evokes an excessive inflammatory response of the immune cells. A high HIF-1á level in cells of the inflammation focus is associated with enhanced production of the factors of angiogenesis mediating vascular permeability and capillary leakage process. This is accompanied by tissue damage and organ failure. At the same time, HIF-1á can mediate the anti-inflammatory effect through activation of adenosine receptor-dependent pathway, which is considered as a probable protection of cells and organs against damage by hyperactive immune cells.
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16
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Yuan X, Ruan W, Bobrow B, Carmeliet P, Eltzschig HK. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:175-200. [PMID: 38123660 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and inhibition have emerged as therapeutic targets in various human diseases. Pharmacologically desirable effects of HIF activation include erythropoiesis stimulation, cellular metabolism optimization during hypoxia and adaptive responses during ischaemia and inflammation. By contrast, HIF inhibition has been explored as a therapy for various cancers, retinal neovascularization and pulmonary hypertension. This Review discusses the biochemical mechanisms that control HIF stabilization and the molecular strategies that can be exploited pharmacologically to activate or inhibit HIFs. In addition, we examine medical conditions that benefit from targeting HIFs, the potential side effects of HIF activation or inhibition and future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bentley Bobrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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17
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Farahani E, Reinert LS, Narita R, Serrero MC, Skouboe MK, van der Horst D, Assil S, Zhang B, Iversen MB, Gutierrez E, Hazrati H, Johannsen M, Olagnier D, Kunze R, Denham M, Mogensen TH, Lappe M, Paludan SR. The HIF transcription network exerts innate antiviral activity in neurons and limits brain inflammation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113792. [PMID: 38363679 PMCID: PMC10915869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induce host defense but can also induce exacerbated inflammatory responses. This raises the question of whether other mechanisms are also involved in early host defense. Using transcriptome analysis of disrupted transcripts in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells, we find that HSV infection disrupts the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription network in neurons and epithelial cells. Importantly, HIF activation leads to control of HSV replication. Mechanistically, HIF activation induces autophagy, which is essential for antiviral activity. HSV-2 infection in vivo leads to hypoxia in CNS neurons, and mice with neuron-specific HIF1/2α deficiency exhibit elevated viral load and augmented PRR signaling and inflammatory gene expression in the CNS after HSV-2 infection. Data from human stem cell-derived neuron and microglia cultures show that HIF also exerts antiviral and inflammation-restricting activity in human CNS cells. Collectively, the HIF transcription factor system senses virus-induced hypoxic stress to induce cell-intrinsic antiviral responses and limit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Farahani
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ryo Narita
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manutea C Serrero
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Kelder Skouboe
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Demi van der Horst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sonia Assil
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Baocun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie B Iversen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eugenio Gutierrez
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hossein Hazrati
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Forensic Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Denham
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Lappe
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; CONNECT - Center for Clinical and Genomic Data, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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18
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Lu Y, Zhou X, Wu Y, Cui Q, Tian X, Yi H, Gong P, Zhang L. Metabolites 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 Participates in Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 to Alleviate Opioid-Induced Constipation by 5-HT Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200846. [PMID: 38054625 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE People suffer from constipation caused by many factors, including constipation (Opioid-Induced Constipation, OIC) during analgesic treatment. Microorganisms may be a potent solution to this problem, but the mechanism is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on models in vivo and in vitro, the potential mechanism involving Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 (B. animalis F1-7), screened in the previous studies, is explored through non-targeted metabonomics, electrophysiological experiment and molecular level docking. The results showed that B. animalis F1-7 effectively alleviates OIC and promotes the expression of chromogranin A (CGA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 related to B. animalis F1-7 is found, which has a potential improvement effect on OIC at 20 mg kg BW-1 in vivo. At 30 ng mL-1 it effectively stimulates secretion of CGA/5-HT (408.95 ± 1.18 ng mL-1 ) by PC-12 cells and changes the membrane potential potassium ion current without affecting the sodium ion current in vitro. It upregulates the target of free fatty acid receptor-4 protein(FFAR4/β-actin, 0.81 ± 0.02). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 participated in B. animalis F1-7 to alleviate OIC via the 5-HT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), China
| | | | - Yeting Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingyu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
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19
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Zhuang X, Gallo G, Sharma P, Ha J, Magri A, Borrmann H, Harris JM, Tsukuda S, Bentley E, Kirby A, de Neck S, Yang H, Balfe P, Wing PA, Matthews D, Harris AL, Kipar A, Stewart JP, Bailey D, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infection by modulation of nucleolin expression. iScience 2024; 27:108763. [PMID: 38261926 PMCID: PMC10797196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global healthcare problem, causing respiratory illness in young children and elderly individuals. Our knowledge of the host pathways that define susceptibility to infection and disease severity are limited. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) define metabolic responses to low oxygen and regulate inflammatory responses in the lower respiratory tract. We demonstrate a role for HIFs to suppress RSV entry and RNA replication. We show that hypoxia and HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors reduce the expression of the RSV entry receptor nucleolin and inhibit viral cell-cell fusion. We identify a HIF regulated microRNA, miR-494, that regulates nucleolin expression. In RSV-infected mice, treatment with the clinically approved HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, Daprodustat, reduced the level of infectious virus and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils in the lung. This study highlights a role for HIF-signalling to limit multiple aspects of RSV infection and associated inflammation and informs future therapeutic approaches for this respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Kirby
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon de Neck
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Tsukuda S, Harris JM, Magri A, Balfe P, Siddiqui A, Wing PA, McKeating JA. The N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 regulates the hypoxic HBV transcriptome. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011917. [PMID: 38227578 PMCID: PMC10817175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is a global health problem and current treatments only suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, highlighting the need for new curative treatments. Oxygen levels influence HBV replication and we previously reported that hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) activate the basal core promoter (BCP). Here we show that the hypoxic-dependent increase in BCP-derived transcripts is dependent on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in the 5' stem loop that regulate RNA half-life. Application of a probe-enriched long-read sequencing method to accurately map the HBV transcriptome showed an increased abundance of pre-genomic RNA under hypoxic conditions. Mapping the transcription start sites of BCP-RNAs identified a role for hypoxia to regulate pre-genomic RNA splicing that is dependent on m6A modification. Bioinformatic analysis of published single cell RNA-seq of murine liver showed an increased expression of the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 in the peri-central low oxygen region. In vitro studies with a human hepatocyte derived HepG2-NTCP cell line showed increased ALKBH5 gene expression under hypoxic conditions and a concomitant reduction in m6A-modified HBV BCP-RNA and host RNAs. Silencing the demethylase reduced the level of BCP-RNAs and host gene (CA9, NDRG1, VEGFA, BNIP3, FUT11, GAP and P4HA1) transcripts and this was mediated via reduced HIFα expression. In summary, our study highlights a previously unrecognized role for ALKBH5 in orchestrating viral and cellular transcriptional responses to low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aleem Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, University of California, California, United States of America
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of California, California, United States of America
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21
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Novák T, Žaloudíková M, Smolková P, Kaftanová B, Edlmanová J, Krása K, Hampl V. Hypoxia-inducible factors activator, roxadustat, increases pulmonary vascular resistance in rats. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S587-S592. [PMID: 38165762 PMCID: PMC10861249 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Activators of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), such as roxadustat, are promising agents for anemia treatment. However, since HIFs are also involved in the regulation of the pulmonary circulation, we hypothesized that roxadustat increases pulmonary vascular resistance and vasoconstrictor reactivity. Using isolated, cell-free solution perfused rat lungs, we found perfusion pressure-flow curves to be shifted to higher pressures by 2 weeks of roxadustat treatment (10 mg/kg every other day), although not as much as by chronic hypoxic exposure. Vasoconstrictor reactivity to angiotensin II and acute hypoxic challenges was not altered by roxadustat. Since roxadustat may inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), we also tested a purported ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate (DIZE, 0.1 mM). It produced paradoxical, unexplained pulmonary vasoconstriction. We conclude that the risk of serious pulmonary hypertension is not high when roxadustat is given for 14 days, but monitoring is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Novák
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
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22
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Jones EAV. Mechanism of COVID-19-Induced Cardiac Damage from Patient, In Vitro and Animal Studies. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:451-460. [PMID: 37526812 PMCID: PMC10589152 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Though patient studies have been important for understanding the disease, research done in animals and cell culture complement our knowledge from patient data and provide insight into the mechanism of the disease. Understanding how COVID causes damage to the heart is essential to understanding possible long-term consequences. RECENT FINDINGS COVID-19 is primarily a disease that attacks the lungs; however, it is known to have important consequences in many other tissues including the heart. Though myocarditis does occur in some patients, for most cases of cardiac damage, the injury arises from scarring either due to myocardial infarction or micro-infarction. The main focus is on how COVID affects blood flow through the coronaries. We review how endothelial activation leads to a hypercoagulative state in COVID-19. We also emphasize the effects that the cytokine storm can directly have on the regulation of coronary blood flow. Since the main two cell types that can be infected in the heart are pericytes and cardiomyocytes, we further describe the known effects on pericyte function and how that can further lead to microinfarcts within the heart. Though many of these effects are systemic, this review focuses on the consequences on cardiac tissue of this dysregulation and the role that it has in the formation of myocardial scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A V Jones
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Herestraat 49, Bus 911, 3000, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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23
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Fu Y, Fu Z, Su Z, Li L, Yang Y, Tan Y, Xiang Y, Shi Y, Xie S, Sun L, Peng G. mLST8 is essential for coronavirus replication and regulates its replication through the mTORC1 pathway. mBio 2023; 14:e0089923. [PMID: 37377422 PMCID: PMC10470783 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00899-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs), which pose a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide, need to hijack host factors to complete their replicative cycles. However, the current study of host factors involved in CoV replication remains unknown. Here, we identified a novel host factor, mammalian lethal with sec-13 protein 8 (mLST8), which is a common subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), and is critical for CoV replication. Inhibitor and knockout (KO) experiments revealed that mTORC1, but not mTORC2, is essential for transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication. Furthermore, mLST8 KO reduced the phosphorylation of unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a factor downstream of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and mechanistic studies revealed that decreased phosphorylation of the mTORC1 downstream factor ULK1 promoted the activation of autophagy, which is responsible for antiviral replication in mLST8 KO cells. Then, transmission electron microscopy indicated that both mLST8 KO and autophagy activator inhibited the formation of double-membrane vesicles in early viral replication. Finally, mLST8 KO and autophagy activator treatment could also inhibit the replication of other CoVs, indicating a conserved relationship between autophagy activation and CoV replication. In summary, our work reveals that mLST8 is a novel host regulator of CoV replication, which provides new insights into the mechanism of CoV replication and can facilitate the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE CoVs are highly variable, and existing CoV vaccines are still limited in their ability to address mutations in CoVs. Therefore, the need to improve our understanding of the interaction of CoVs with the host during viral replication and to find targets for drugs against CoVs is urgent. Here, we found that a novel host factor, mLST8, is critical for CoV infection. Further studies showed that mLST8 KO inhibited the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and we found that autophagy activation downstream of mTORC1 was the main cause of antiviral replication in mLST8 KO cells. Autophagy activation impaired the formation of DMVs and inhibited early viral replication. These findings deepen our understanding of the CoV replication process and provide insights into potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhelin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yubei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuejun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
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24
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Schilling M, Vaughan-Jackson A, James W, McKeating JA. Hypoxia dampens innate immune signalling at early time points and increases Zika virus RNA levels in iPSC-derived macrophages. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001885. [PMID: 37584553 PMCID: PMC10877081 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are the major host defence against viral infection and are induced following activation of cell surface or intracellular pattern recognition receptors, including retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). All cellular processes are shaped by the microenvironment and one important factor is the local oxygen tension. The majority of published studies on IFN signalling are conducted under laboratory conditions of 18% oxygen (O2), that do not reflect the oxygen levels in most organs (1-5 % O2). We studied the effect of low oxygen on IFN induction and signalling in induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages as a model for tissue-resident macrophages and assessed the consequence for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Hypoxic conditions dampened the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) following RLR stimulation or IFN treatment at early time points. RNA-sequencing and bio-informatic analysis uncovered several pathways including changes in transcription factor availability, the presence of HIF binding sites in promoter regions, and CpG content that may contribute to the reduced ISG expression. Hypoxic conditions increased the abundance of ZIKV RNA highlighting the importance of understanding how low oxygen conditions in the local microenvironment affect pathogen sensing and host defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Schilling
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Alun Vaughan-Jackson
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - William James
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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25
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Jessop F, Schwarz B, Bohrnsen E, Miltko M, Shaia C, Bosio CM. Targeting 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases Promotes Metabolic Reprogramming That Protects against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mouse Model. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:528-542. [PMID: 37417946 PMCID: PMC10587500 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of host metabolism is a feature of lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Perturbations in α-ketoglutarate levels can elicit metabolic reprogramming through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDGs), leading to stabilization of the transcription factor HIF-1α. HIF1-α activation has been reported to promote antiviral mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 through direct regulation of ACE2 expression (a receptor required for viral entry). However, given the numerous pathways HIF-1α serves to regulate it is possible that there are other undefined metabolic mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 independent of ACE2 downregulation. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo models in which HIF-1α modulation of ACE2 expression was negated, allowing for isolated characterization of the host metabolic response within SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection limited stabilization of HIF-1α and associated mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming by maintaining activity of the 2-ODDG prolyl hydroxylases. Inhibition of 2-ODDGs with dimethyloxalylglycine promoted HIF-1α stabilization following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and significantly increased survival among SARS-CoV-2-infected mice compared with vehicle controls. However, unlike previous reports, the mechanism by which activation of HIF-1α responses contributed to survival was not through impairment of viral replication. Rather, dimethyloxalylglycine treatment facilitated direct effects on host metabolism including increased glycolysis and resolution of dysregulated pools of metabolites, which correlated with reduced morbidity. Taken together, these data identify (to our knowledge) a novel function of α-ketoglutarate-sensing platforms, including those responsible for HIF-1α stabilization, in the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection and support targeting these metabolic nodes as a viable therapeutic strategy to limit disease severity during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Jessop
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, MT
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, MT
| | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, MT
| | - Molly Miltko
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, MT
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, MT
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, MT
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26
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Yang H, Sun H, Brackenridge S, Zhuang X, Wing PAC, Quastel M, Walters L, Garner L, Wang B, Yao X, Felce SL, Peng Y, Moore S, Peeters BWA, Rei M, Canto Gomes J, Tomas A, Davidson A, Semple MG, Turtle LCW, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Mentzer AJ, Klenerman P, Borrow P, Dong T, McKeating JA, Gillespie GM, McMichael AJ. HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients suppress virus replication despite HLA class Ia down-regulation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabl8881. [PMID: 37390223 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell responses restricted by the nonpolymorphic nonclassical class Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) are rarely reported in viral infections. The natural HLA-E ligand is a signal peptide derived from classical class Ia HLA molecules that interact with the NKG2/CD94 receptors to regulate natural killer cell functions, but pathogen-derived peptides can also be presented by HLA-E. Here, we describe five peptides from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that elicited HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019. These T cell responses were identified in the blood at frequencies similar to those reported for classical HLA-Ia-restricted anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cells. HLA-E peptide-specific CD8+ T cell clones, which expressed diverse T cell receptors, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection markedly down-regulated classical HLA class I expression in Calu-3 cells and primary reconstituted human airway epithelial cells, whereas HLA-E expression was not affected, enabling T cell recognition. Thus, HLA-E-restricted T cells could contribute to the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection alongside classical T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Yang
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong Sun
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Depertment of Clinical Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Depertment of Clinical Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Max Quastel
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Walters
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Garner
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xuan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shona Moore
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bas W A Peeters
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Margarida Rei
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Joao Canto Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Tomas
- Unidada de Investigacao em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, EPE Lisbon, Portugal
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrew Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Unit, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Lance C W Turtle
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Depertment of Clinical Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
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27
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Yin Z, Chen JL, Lu Y, Wang B, Godfrey L, Mentzer AJ, Yao X, Liu G, Wellington D, Zhao Y, Wing PAC, Dejnirattisa W, Supasa P, Liu C, Hublitz P, Beveridge R, Waugh C, Clark SA, Clark K, Sopp P, Rostron T, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Ogg G, Ewer K, Pollard AJ, Gilbert S, Knight JC, Lambe T, Smith GL, Dong T, Peng Y. Evaluation of T cell responses to naturally processed variant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in individuals following infection or vaccination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112470. [PMID: 37141092 PMCID: PMC10121105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most existing studies characterizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses are peptide based. This does not allow evaluation of whether tested peptides are processed and presented canonically. In this study, we use recombinant vaccinia virus (rVACV)-mediated expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 infection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2-transduced B cell lines to evaluate overall T cell responses in a small cohort of recovered COVID-19 patients and uninfected donors vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. We show that rVACV expression of SARS-CoV-2 antigen can be used as an alternative to SARS-CoV-2 infection to evaluate T cell responses to naturally processed spike antigens. In addition, the rVACV system can be used to evaluate the cross-reactivity of memory T cells to variants of concern (VOCs) and to identify epitope escape mutants. Finally, our data show that both natural infection and vaccination could induce multi-functional T cell responses with overall T cell responses remaining despite the identification of escape mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Yin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ji-Li Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Yongxu Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Leila Godfrey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Xuan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Guihai Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dannielle Wellington
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Philip Hublitz
- Genome Engineering Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ryan Beveridge
- Screening Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Craig Waugh
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sally-Ann Clark
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kevin Clark
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Paul Sopp
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Timothy Rostron
- Sequencing Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Katie Ewer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Center, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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28
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Liang Q, Li X, Niu Q, Zhao H, Zuo L. Efficacy and Safety of Roxadustat in Chinese Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072450. [PMID: 37048535 PMCID: PMC10095568 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recently more and more Chinese clinical studies have been conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of roxadustat with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in Chinese HD patients. (2) Methods: The PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, and VIP databases were searched from their inception to July 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of roxadustat to those of ESAs in treating anemia in Chinese HD patients. (3) Results: Twenty-one RCTs involving 1408 patients were enrolled. Our study showed that the improvement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels and iron metabolism were significantly higher in the roxadustat group than in the ESA group. Additionally, the total adverse events risk was significantly lower in the roxadustat group. (4) Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we found that roxadustat was more effective and safer than ESAs in treating anemia in Chinese HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People' s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People' s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qingyu Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People' s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People' s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People' s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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29
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Devaux CA, Lagier JC. Unraveling the Underlying Molecular Mechanism of 'Silent Hypoxia' in COVID-19 Patients Suggests a Central Role for Angiotensin II Modulation of the AT1R-Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling Pathway. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062445. [PMID: 36983445 PMCID: PMC10056466 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A few days after being infected with SARS-CoV-2, a fraction of people remain asymptomatic but suffer from a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation in the absence of apparent dyspnea. In light of our clinical investigation on the modulation of molecules belonging to the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in COVID-19 patients, we propose a model that explains 'silent hypoxia'. The RAS imbalance caused by SARS-CoV-2 results in an accumulation of angiotensin 2 (Ang II), which activates the angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (AT1R) and triggers a harmful cascade of intracellular signals leading to the nuclear translocation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. HIF-1α transactivates many genes including the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), while at the same time, ACE2 is downregulated. A growing number of cells is maintained in a hypoxic condition that is self-sustained by the presence of the virus and the ACE1/ACE2 ratio imbalance. This is associated with a progressive worsening of the patient's biological parameters including decreased oxygen saturation, without further clinical manifestations. When too many cells activate the Ang II-AT1R-HIF-1α axis, there is a 'hypoxic spillover', which marks the tipping point between 'silent' and symptomatic hypoxia in the patient. Immediate ventilation is required to prevent the 'hypoxic spillover'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Albert Devaux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infection Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, 13000 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, 13000 Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13000 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infection Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, 13000 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, 13000 Marseille, France
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30
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Redenšek Trampuž S, Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Shared miRNA landscapes of COVID-19 and neurodegeneration confirm neuroinflammation as an important overlapping feature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123955. [PMID: 37008787 PMCID: PMC10064073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Development and worsening of most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with COVID-19 However, the mechanisms associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and neurodegenerative sequelae are not clear. The interplay between gene expression and metabolite production in CNS is driven by miRNAs. These small non-coding molecules are dysregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Methods We have performed a thorough literature screening and database mining to search for shared miRNA landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurodegeneration. Differentially expressed miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were searched using PubMed, while differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with five most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) were searched using the Human microRNA Disease Database. Target genes of the overlapping miRNAs, identified with the miRTarBase, were used for the pathway enrichment analysis performed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome. Results In total, 98 common miRNAs were found. Additionally, two of them (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-132) were highlighted as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as they are dysregulated in all five most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Additionally, hsa-miR-155 was upregulated in four COVID-19 studies and found to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration processes as well. Screening for miRNA targets identified 746 unique genes with strong evidence for interaction. Target enrichment analysis highlighted most significant KEGG and Reactome pathways being involved in signaling, cancer, transcription and infection. However, the more specific identified pathways confirmed neuroinflammation as being the most important shared feature. Discussion Our pathway based approach has identified overlapping miRNAs in COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases that may have a valuable potential for neurodegeneration prediction in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, identified miRNAs can be further explored as potential drug targets or agents to modify signaling in shared pathways. Graphical AbstractShared miRNA molecules among the five investigated neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 were identified. The two overlapping miRNAs, hsa-miR-34a and has-miR-132, present potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative sequelae after COVID-19. Furthermore, 98 common miRNAs between all five neurodegenerative diseases together and COVID-19 were identified. A KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses was performed on the list of shared miRNA target genes and finally top 20 pathways were evaluated for their potential for identification of new drug targets. A common feature of identified overlapping miRNAs and pathways is neuroinflammation. AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HD, Huntington's disease; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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31
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Cable J, Denison MR, Kielian M, Jackson WT, Bartenschlager R, Ahola T, Mukhopadhyay S, Fremont DH, Kuhn RJ, Shannon A, Frazier MN, Yuen KY, Coyne CB, Wolthers KC, Ming GL, Guenther CS, Moshiri J, Best SM, Schoggins JW, Jurado KA, Ebel GD, Schäfer A, Ng LFP, Kikkert M, Sette A, Harris E, Wing PAC, Eggenberger J, Krishnamurthy SR, Mah MG, Meganck RM, Chung D, Maurer-Stroh S, Andino R, Korber B, Perlman S, Shi PY, Bárcena M, Aicher SM, Vu MN, Kenney DJ, Lindenbach BD, Nishida Y, Rénia L, Williams EP. Positive-strand RNA viruses-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1521:46-66. [PMID: 36697369 PMCID: PMC10347887 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses have been the cause of several recent outbreaks and epidemics, including the Zika virus epidemic in 2015, the SARS outbreak in 2003, and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. On June 18-22, 2022, researchers focusing on positive-strand RNA viruses met for the Keystone Symposium "Positive-Strand RNA Viruses" to share the latest research in molecular and cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, and antiviral drug development. This report presents concise summaries of the scientific discussions at the symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R Denison
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margaret Kielian
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - William T Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Division Virus-associated Carcinogenesis, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology; Department of Molecular Microbiology; and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ashleigh Shannon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS and Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Meredith N Frazier
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katja C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jasmine Moshiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kellie Ann Jurado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Eggenberger
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siddharth R Krishnamurthy
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus G Mah
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Rita M Meganck
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donghoon Chung
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Montserrat Bárcena
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie-Marie Aicher
- Institut Pasteurgrid, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Michelle N Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Devin J Kenney
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett D Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yukiko Nishida
- Chugai Pharmaceutical, Co., Tokyo, Japan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Evan P Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Menezes dos Reis L, Berçot MR, Castelucci BG, Martins AJE, Castro G, Moraes-Vieira PM. Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020525. [PMID: 36851739 PMCID: PMC9965666 DOI: 10.3390/v15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Estumano Martins
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Lu A, Zhou X, Han D, Tang L, Rong X, Zheng Y, Hong P. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment on SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in high altitude habitants. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 30:100671. [PMID: 36590673 PMCID: PMC9789344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aili Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nyingchi People's Hospital, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Xuefu Zhou
- Center for Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Nyingchi People's Hospital, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Daoping Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nyingchi People's Hospital, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuping Rong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nyingchi People's Hospital, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Yulan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Hong
- Department of Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Division of Research and Development, US Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Mimicking Gene-Environment Interaction of Higher Altitude Dwellers by Intermittent Hypoxia Training: COVID-19 Preventive Strategies. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010006. [PMID: 36671699 PMCID: PMC9855005 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) inhibitors have been demonstrated to protect against hypoxia pathogenesis in several investigations. It has also been utilized as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of COVID-19. COX inhibitors, which have previously been shown to be effective in treating previous viral and malarial infections are strong candidates for improving the COVID-19 therapeutic doctrine. However, another COX inhibitor, ibuprofen, is linked to an increase in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which could increase virus susceptibility. Hence, inhibiting COX2 via therapeutics might not always be protective and we need to investigate the downstream molecules that may be involved in hypoxia environment adaptation. Research has discovered that people who are accustomed to reduced oxygen levels at altitude may be protected against the harmful effects of COVID-19. It is important to highlight that the study's conclusions only applied to those who regularly lived at high altitudes; they did not apply to those who occasionally moved to higher altitudes but still lived at lower altitudes. COVID-19 appears to be more dangerous to individuals residing at lower altitudes. The downstream molecules in the (COX2) pathway have been shown to adapt in high-altitude dwellers, which may partially explain why these individuals have a lower prevalence of COVID-19 infection. More research is needed, however, to directly address COX2 expression in people living at higher altitudes. It is possible to mimic the gene-environment interaction of higher altitude people by intermittent hypoxia training. COX-2 adaptation resulting from hypoxic exposure at altitude or intermittent hypoxia exercise training (IHT) seems to have an important therapeutic function. Swimming, a type of IHT, was found to lower COX-2 protein production, a pro-inflammatory milieu transcription factor, while increasing the anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, Intermittent Hypoxia Preconditioning (IHP) has been demonstrated in numerous clinical investigations to enhance patients' cardiopulmonary function, raise cardiorespiratory fitness, and increase tissues' and organs' tolerance to ischemia. Biochemical activities of IHP have also been reported as a feasible application strategy for IHP for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we aim to highlight some of the most relevant shared genes implicated with COVID-19 pathogenesis and hypoxia. We hypothesize that COVID-19 pathogenesis and hypoxia share a similar mechanism that affects apoptosis, proliferation, the immune system, and metabolism. We also highlight the necessity of studying individuals who live at higher altitudes to emulate their gene-environment interactions and compare the findings with IHT. Finally, we propose COX2 as an upstream target for testing the effectiveness of IHT in preventing or minimizing the effects of COVID-19 and other oxygen-related pathological conditions in the future.
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35
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Significance of Catecholamine Biosynthetic/Metabolic Pathway in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010012. [PMID: 36611805 PMCID: PMC9818320 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection was previously associated with the expression of the dopamine biosynthetic enzyme L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC). Specifically, a negative correlation was detected between DDC mRNA and SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in in vitro infected epithelial cells and the nasopharyngeal tissue of COVID-19 patients with mild/no symptoms. However, DDC, among other genes related to both DDC expression and SARS-CoV-2-infection (ACE2, dACE2, EPO), was upregulated in these patients, possibly attributed to an orchestrated host antiviral response. Herein, by comparing DDC expression in the nasopharyngeal swab samples of severe/critical to mild COVID-19 cases, we showed a 20 mean-fold reduction, highlighting the importance of the expression of this gene as a potential marker of COVID-19 severity. Moreover, we identified an association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the expression of key catecholamine biosynthesis/metabolism-related genes, in whole blood samples from hospitalized patients and in cultured cells. Specifically, viral infection downregulated the biosynthetic part of the dopamine pathway (reduction in DDC expression up to 7.5 mean-fold), while enhanced the catabolizing part (increase in monoamine oxidases A and B expression up to 15 and 10 mean-fold, respectively) in vivo, irrespectively of the presence of comorbidities. In accordance, dopamine levels in the sera of severe cases were reduced (up to 3.8 mean-fold). Additionally, a moderate positive correlation between DDC and MAOA mRNA levels (r = 0.527, p < 00001) in the blood was identified upon SARS-CoV-2-infection. These observations were consistent to the gene expression data from SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 and A549 epithelial cells. Furthermore, L-Dopa or dopamine treatment of infected cells attenuated the virus-derived cytopathic effect by 55% and 59%, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 mediated suppression of dopamine biosynthesis in cell culture was, at least in part, attributed to hypoxia-like conditions triggered by viral infection. These findings suggest that L-Dopa/dopamine intake may have a preventive or therapeutic value for COVID-19 patients.
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Bell JD. Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation-Old Pathways, New Problems. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3113. [PMID: 36551869 PMCID: PMC9775339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as "brain fog", fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for "long COVID" include immune imbalance, incomplete viral clearance and potentially, mitochondrial dysfunction. As conditions with sub-optimal mitochondrial function are associated with initial severity of the disease, their prior health could be key in resistance to long COVID and recovery. The SARs virus redirects host metabolism towards replication; in response, the host can metabolically react to control the virus. Resolution is normally achieved after viral clearance as the initial stress activates a hormetic negative feedback mechanism. It is therefore possible that, in some individuals with prior sub-optimal mitochondrial function, the virus can "tip" the host into a chronic inflammatory cycle. This might explain the main symptoms, including platelet dysfunction. Long COVID could thus be described as a virally induced chronic and self-perpetuating metabolically imbalanced non-resolving state characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, where reactive oxygen species continually drive inflammation and a shift towards glycolysis. This would suggest that a sufferer's metabolism needs to be "tipped" back using a stimulus, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, or chemical compounds that mimic these by enhancing mitochondrial function, perhaps in combination with inhibitors that quell the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- The Guy Foundation, Chedington Court, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3HY, UK
| | | | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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Denaro CA, Haloush YI, Hsiao SY, Orgera JJ, Osorio T, Riggs LM, Sassaman JW, Williams SA, Monte Carlo A, Da Costa RT, Grigoriev A, Solesio ME. COVID-19 and neurodegeneration: The mitochondrial connection. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13727. [PMID: 36219531 PMCID: PMC9649608 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a significant lack of knowledge regarding many aspects of the etiopathology and consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans. For example, the variety of molecular mechanisms mediating this infection, and the long-term consequences of the disease remain poorly understood. It first seemed like the SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily caused a serious respiratory syndrome. However, over the last years, an increasing number of studies also pointed towards the damaging effects of this infection has on the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, evidence suggests a possible disruption of the blood-brain barrier and deleterious effects on the CNS, especially in patients who already suffer from other pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanisms behind these effects on the CNS could involve the dysregulation of mitochondrial physiology, a well-known early marker of neurodegeneration and a hallmark of aging. Moreover, mitochondria are involved in the activation of the inflammatory response, which has also been broadly described in the CNS in COVID-19. Here, we critically review the current bibliography regarding the presence of neurodegenerative symptoms in COVID-19 patients, with a special emphasis on the mitochondrial mechanisms of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Denaro
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yara I. Haloush
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Samuel Y. Hsiao
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - John J. Orgera
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Teresa Osorio
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lindsey M. Riggs
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Joshua W. Sassaman
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sarah A. Williams
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Anthony R. Monte Carlo
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Renata T. Da Costa
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Andrey Grigoriev
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Maria E. Solesio
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
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38
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Wing PAC, Prange-Barczynska M, Cross A, Crotta S, Orbegozo Rubio C, Cheng X, Harris JM, Zhuang X, Johnson RL, Ryan KA, Hall Y, Carroll MW, Issa F, Balfe P, Wack A, Bishop T, Salguero FJ, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors regulate infectious SARS-CoV-2, epithelial damage and respiratory symptoms in a hamster COVID-19 model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010807. [PMID: 36067210 PMCID: PMC9481176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the host pathways that define susceptibility to Severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease are essential for the design of new therapies. Oxygen levels in the microenvironment define the transcriptional landscape, however the influence of hypoxia on virus replication and disease in animal models is not well understood. In this study, we identify a role for the hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) signalling axis to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, epithelial damage and respiratory symptoms in the Syrian hamster model. Pharmacological activation of HIF with the prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4592 significantly reduced infectious virus in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Nasal and lung epithelia showed a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid expression in treated animals. Transcriptomic and pathological analysis showed reduced epithelial damage and increased expression of ciliated cells. Our study provides new insights on the intrinsic antiviral properties of the HIF signalling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 replication that may be applicable to other respiratory pathogens and identifies new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Prange-Barczynska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Cross
- Radcliffe Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Johnson
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A. Ryan
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Yper Hall
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Radcliffe Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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39
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Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Aslani M. Dysregulated miRNAs network in the critical COVID-19: An important clue for uncontrolled immunothrombosis/thromboinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109040. [PMID: 35839566 PMCID: PMC9271492 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Known as a pivotal immunohemostatic response, immunothrombosis is activated to restrict the diffusion of pathogens. This beneficial intravascular defensive mechanism represents the close interaction between the immune and coagulation systems. However, its uncontrolled form can be life-threatening to patients with the critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hyperinflammation and ensuing cytokine storm underlie the activation of the coagulation system, something which results in the provocation of more immune-inflammatory responses by the thrombotic mediators. This vicious cycle causes grave clinical complications and higher risks of mortality. Classified as an evolutionarily conserved family of the small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as the fine-tuners of genes expression and play a key role in balancing the pro/anticoagulant and pro-/anti-inflammatory factors maintaining homeostasis. Therefore, any deviation from their optimal expression levels or efficient functions can lead to severe complications. Despite their extensive effects on the molecules and processes involved in uncontrolled immunothrombosis, some genetic agents and uncontrolled immunothrombosis-induced interfering factors (e.g., miRNA-single nucleotide polymorphysms (miR-SNPs), the complement system components, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) have apparently disrupted their expressions/functions. This review study aims to give an overview of the role of miRNAs in the context of uncontrolled immunothrombosis/thromboinflammation accompanied by some presumptive interfering factors affecting their expressions/functions in the critical COVID-19. Detecting, monitoring, and resolving these interfering agents mafy facilitate the design and development of the novel miRNAs-based therapeutic approaches to the reduction of complications incidence and mortality in patients with the critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Devaux CA, Raoult D. The impact of COVID-19 on populations living at high altitude: Role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. Front Physiol 2022; 13:960308. [PMID: 36091390 PMCID: PMC9454615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.960308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide. However, one epidemiological report has claimed a lower incidence of the disease in people living at high altitude (>2,500 m), proposing the hypothesis that adaptation to hypoxia may prove to be advantageous with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This publication was initially greeted with skepticism, because social, genetic, or environmental parametric variables could underlie a difference in susceptibility to the virus for people living in chronic hypobaric hypoxia atmospheres. Moreover, in some patients positive for SARS-CoV-2, early post-infection ‘happy hypoxia” requires immediate ventilation, since it is associated with poor clinical outcome. If, however, we accept to consider the hypothesis according to which the adaptation to hypoxia may prove to be advantageous with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection, identification of the molecular rational behind it is needed. Among several possibilities, HIF-1 regulation appears to be a molecular hub from which different signaling pathways linking hypoxia and COVID-19 are controlled. Interestingly, HIF-1α was reported to inhibit the infection of lung cells by SARS-CoV-2 by reducing ACE2 viral receptor expression. Moreover, an association of the rs11549465 variant of HIF-1α with COVID-19 susceptibility was recently discovered. Here, we review the evidence for a link between HIF-1α, ACE2 and AT1R expression, and the incidence/severity of COVID-19. We highlight the central role played by the HIF-1α signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Albert Devaux
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Christian Albert Devaux,
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Shivshankar P, Karmouty-Quintana H, Mills T, Doursout MF, Wang Y, Czopik AK, Evans SE, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Host Response, Immunity, and Therapeutic Targets. Inflammation 2022; 45:1430-1449. [PMID: 35320469 PMCID: PMC8940980 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a global pandemic with severe socioeconomic effects. Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells triggers host inflammatory pathways that lead to pathophysiological changes. Proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in alveolar epithelial cells counter barrier disruption, modulate host innate immune response to induce chemotaxis, and initiate the resolution of inflammation. Here, we discuss experimental models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection, molecular pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, and viral hijacking of anti-inflammatory pathways, such as delayed type-I IFN response. Mechanisms of alveolar adaptation to hypoxia, adenosinergic signaling, and regulatory microRNAs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Zhou W, Yu T, Hua Y, Hou Y, Ding Y, Nie H. Effects of Hypoxia on Respiratory Diseases: Perspective View of Epithelial Ion Transport. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L240-L250. [PMID: 35819839 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00065.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of gas exchange and lung ventilation is essential for the maintenance of body homeostasis. There are many ion channels and transporters in respiratory epithelial cells, including epithelial sodium channel, Na,K-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and some transporters. These ion channels/transporters maintain the capacity of liquid layer on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells, and provide an immune barrier for the respiratory system to clear off foreign pathogens. However, in some harmful external environment and/or pathological conditions, the respiratory epithelium is prone to hypoxia, which would destroy the ion transport function of the epithelium and unbalance the homeostasis of internal environment, triggering a series of pathological reactions. Many respiratory diseases associated with hypoxia manifest an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which mediates the integrity of the epithelial barrier and affects epithelial ion transport function. It is important to study the relationship between hypoxia and ion transport function, whereas the mechanism of hypoxia-induced ion transport dysfunction in respiratory diseases is not clear. This review focuses on the relationship of hypoxia and respiratory diseases, as well as dysfunction of ion transport and tight junctions in respiratory epithelial cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Hypoxia signaling in human health and diseases: implications and prospects for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:218. [PMID: 35798726 PMCID: PMC9261907 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is linked to several biological processes, including pathogenic microbe infection, metabolic adaptation, cancer, acute and chronic diseases, and other stress responses. The mechanism underlying cells respond to oxygen changes to mediate subsequent signal response is the central question during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) sense hypoxia to regulate the expressions of a series of downstream genes expression, which participate in multiple processes including cell metabolism, cell growth/death, cell proliferation, glycolysis, immune response, microbe infection, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Importantly, hypoxia signaling also interacts with other cellular pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of hypoxia signaling activation, the control of HIF signaling, and the function of HIF signaling in human health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic targets involved in HIF signaling to balance health and diseases are summarized and highlighted, which would provide novel strategies for the design and development of therapeutic drugs.
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You X, Guo B, Wang Z, Ma H, Zhang X. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of serum exosomes from patients of renal anemia: The Good and the Bad of Roxadustat. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 35690731 PMCID: PMC9187900 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roxadustat is a new oral anti-renal anemia medication that works by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) which can activate the expression of more than 100 genes in addition to genes related to anemia. However, the more potential molecular targets of roxadustat are not completely clear. Therefore, it is essential to further reveal its molecular targets to guide its clinical applications. METHODS We performed label-free quantification and LC-MS/MS to study the proteomic alterations in serum exosome of renal anemia patients before and after roxadustat therapy. Results were validated by PRM. RESULTS A total of 30 proteins were significantly changed after treatment with roxadustat. Among these proteins, 18 proteins were up-regulated (and 12 were down-regulated). The results are statistically significant (P < 0.05). Then, we validated the result by PRM, the results confirmed that TFRC, HSPA8, ITGB3, COL1A2, and YWHAZ were markedly upregulated, while ITIH2 and CFH were significantly downregulated upon treatment with roxadustat. CONCLUSIONS TFRC and HSPA8 could be an important target of the action of roxadustat, and roxadustat may increase cardiovascular risk through its influence on platelet activation. Our results provide a theoretical basis for its wider clinical application and preventing expected side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoe You
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Peoples Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Peoples Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hualin Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Peoples Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Peoples Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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Le P, Ahmed N, Yeo GW. Illuminating RNA biology through imaging. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:815-824. [PMID: 35697782 PMCID: PMC11132331 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA processing plays a central role in accurately transmitting genetic information into functional RNA and protein regulators. To fully appreciate the RNA life-cycle, tools to observe RNA with high spatial and temporal resolution are critical. Here we review recent advances in RNA imaging and highlight how they will propel the field of RNA biology. We discuss current trends in RNA imaging and their potential to elucidate unanswered questions in RNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Le
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Noorsher Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Vollbracht C, Kraft K. Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899198. [PMID: 35571085 PMCID: PMC9100929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also in Long-COVID. Inflammation and oxidative stress are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to the systemic hyperinflammatory state and coagulopathy which are cardinal pathological mechanisms of severe stages. COVID-19 patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show severe deficiency of the antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this deficiency lasts or whether patients with long COVID symptoms also suffer from deficiencies. A vitamin C deficit has serious pathological consequences because vitamin C is one of the most effective antioxidants, but also co-factor of many enzymatic processes that affect the immune and nervous system, blood circulation and energy metabolism. Because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, and immunomodulatory effects the supportive intravenous (iv) use of supraphysiological doses has been investigated so far in 12 controlled or observational studies with altogether 1578 inpatients with COVID-19. In these studies an improved oxygenation, a decrease in inflammatory markers and a faster recovery were observed. In addition, early treatment with iv high dose vitamin C seems to reduce the risks of severe courses of the disease such as pneumonia and also mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis and a dysregulated immune response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem to be major contributors to Long-COVID. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the development and progression of fatigue and neuro-psychiatric symptoms in various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), blood flow (e.g. immune thrombosis) and neurotransmitter metabolism (e.g. excitotoxicity). In oncological diseases, other viral infections and autoimmune diseases, which are often associated with fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain and depression similar to Long-COVID, iv high dose vitamin C was shown to significantly relieve these symptoms. Supportive iv vitamin C in acute COVID-19 might therefore reduce the risk of severe courses and also the development of Long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vollbracht
- Medical Science Department, Pascoe Pharmazeutische Präparate GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Kraft
- Chair of Naturopathy, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Ahmed FF, Reza MS, Sarker MS, Islam MS, Mosharaf MP, Hasan S, Mollah MNH. Identification of host transcriptome-guided repurposable drugs for SARS-CoV-1 infections and their validation with SARS-CoV-2 infections by using the integrated bioinformatics approaches. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266124. [PMID: 35390032 PMCID: PMC8989220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the most severe global pandemic due to its high pathogenicity and death rate starting from the end of 2019. Though there are some vaccines available against SAER-CoV-2 infections, we are worried about their effectiveness, due to its unstable sequence patterns. Therefore, beside vaccines, globally effective supporting drugs are also required for the treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. To explore commonly effective repurposable drugs for the treatment against different variants of coronavirus infections, in this article, an attempt was made to explore host genomic biomarkers guided repurposable drugs for SARS-CoV-1 infections and their validation with SARS-CoV-2 infections by using the integrated bioinformatics approaches. At first, we identified 138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SARS-CoV-1 infected and control samples by analyzing high throughput gene-expression profiles to select drug target key receptors. Then we identified top-ranked 11 key DEGs (SMAD4, GSK3B, SIRT1, ATM, RIPK1, PRKACB, MED17, CCT2, BIRC3, ETS1 and TXN) as hub genes (HubGs) by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of DEGs highlighting their functions, pathways, regulators and linkage with other disease risks that may influence SARS-CoV-1 infections. The DEGs-set enrichment analysis significantly detected some crucial biological processes (immune response, regulation of angiogenesis, apoptotic process, cytokine production and programmed cell death, response to hypoxia and oxidative stress), molecular functions (transcription factor binding and oxidoreductase activity) and pathways (transcriptional mis-regulation in cancer, pathways in cancer, chemokine signaling pathway) that are associated with SARS-CoV-1 infections as well as SARS-CoV-2 infections by involving HubGs. The gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis detected some transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, FOXL1, TP53 and SRF) and micro-RNAs (hsa-mir-92a-3p, hsa-mir-155-5p, hsa-mir-106b-5p, hsa-mir-34a-5p and hsa-mir-19b-3p) as the key transcriptional and post- transcriptional regulators of HubGs, respectively. We also detected some chemicals (Valproic Acid, Cyclosporine, Copper Sulfate and arsenic trioxide) that may regulates HubGs. The disease-HubGs interaction analysis showed that our predicted HubGs are also associated with several other diseases including different types of lung diseases. Then we considered 11 HubGs mediated proteins and their regulatory 6 key TFs proteins as the drug target proteins (receptors) and performed their docking analysis with the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease-guided top listed 90 anti-viral drugs out of 3410. We found Rapamycin, Tacrolimus, Torin-2, Radotinib, Danoprevir, Ivermectin and Daclatasvir as the top-ranked 7 candidate-drugs with respect to our proposed target proteins for the treatment against SARS-CoV-1 infections. Then, we validated these 7 candidate-drugs against the already published top-ranked 11 target proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections by molecular docking simulation and found their significant binding affinity scores with our proposed candidate-drugs. Finally, we validated all of our findings by the literature review. Therefore, the proposed candidate-drugs might play a vital role for the treatment against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 infections with comorbidities, since the proposed HubGs are also associated with several comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Selim Reza
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahin Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Samiul Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Md. Parvez Mosharaf
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshhi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Zhang Q, Ling S, Hu K, Liu J, Xu JW. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in NETosis in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112718. [PMID: 35176710 PMCID: PMC8841219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and stroke are the leading causes of death in the world. Numerous evidence has confirmed that hypertension promotes thrombosis and induces myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent findings reveal that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the induction of myocardial infarction and stroke. Meanwhile, patients with severe COVID-19 suffer from complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke with pathological signs of NETs. Due to the extremely low amount of virus detected in the blood and remote organs (e.g., heart, brain and kidney) in a few cases, it is difficult to explain the mechanism by which the virus triggers NETosis, and there may be a different mechanism than in the lung. A large number of studies have found that the renin-angiotensin system regulates the NETosis at multiple levels in patients with COVID-19, such as endocytosis of SARS-COV-2, abnormal angiotensin II levels, neutrophil activation and procoagulant function at multiple levels, which may contribute to the formation of reticular structure and thrombosis. The treatment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and neutrophil recruitment and active antagonists helps to regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of net and thrombosis. The review will explore the possible role of the angiotensin system in the formation of NETs in severe COVID-19.
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50
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Miao M, Wu M, Li Y, Zhang L, Jin Q, Fan J, Xu X, Gu R, Hao H, Zhang A, Jia Z. Clinical Potential of Hypoxia Inducible Factors Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors in Treating Nonanemic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837249. [PMID: 35281917 PMCID: PMC8908211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and their regulatory hydroxylases the prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) are the key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia. HIFs are normally hydroxylated by PHDs and degraded, while under hypoxia, PHDs are suppressed, allowing HIF-α to accumulate and transactivate multiple target genes, including erythropoiesis, and genes participate in angiogenesis, iron metabolism, glycolysis, glucose transport, cell proliferation, survival, and so on. Aiming at stimulating HIFs, a group of small molecules antagonizing HIF-PHDs have been developed. Of these HIF-PHDs inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), roxadustat (FG-4592), daprodustat (GSK-1278863), vadadustat (AKB-6548), molidustat (BAY 85-3934) and enarodustat (JTZ-951) are approved for clinical usage or have progressed into clinical trials for chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia treatment, based on their activation effect on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Since HIFs are involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, efforts have been made to extend the potential usage of HIF-PHIs beyond anemia. This paper reviewed the progress of preclinical and clinical research on clinically available HIF-PHIs in pathological conditions other than CKD anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingge Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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