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Mufalo W, Arima T, Igarashi T, Ito M, Sato T, Tomiyama S, Nyambe I, Tabelin CB, Nakata H, Nakayama S, Ishizuka M. Insights on hazardous metal bioaccessibility, and groundwater impacted by Zn residues from a legacy mine and risk evaluation of adjacent soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:64. [PMID: 38319371 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the legacy impact of Zinc plant residues (ZPRs) in Kabwe, Zambia, on the environment and human health, particularly in light of the town's reputation for Pb pollution. ZPRs solid samples and groundwater within and around ZPRs zone were collected from the legacy mine, along with soils in a 10 km radius from the mine site. Bioaccessible fractions of Pb and Zn were elucidated by Japanese leaching test (JLT) and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET). Cationic speciation of Pb and Zn from inhalable and ingestible ZPRs particles was investigated via sequential extraction. Groundwater in the ZPRs area showed higher Zn levels (1490 mg/L) compared to Pb (1.7 mg/L). Elevated Zn concentration were facilitated by the presence of soluble Zn sulfates while Pb was constrained due to its precipitation as anglesite. Groundwater sampled outside the ZPRs area was within the Zambia regulatory limits (< 0.5 mg/L for Pb and < 1 mg/L for Zn). Inhalation exposure to < 30 µm dust particles from ZPRs and soils near the mine indicated negligible risk, with < 3% of bioaccessible Pb in artificial lysosomal fluid. Meanwhile, oral intake of ZPRs particles < 250 µm revealed elevated bioaccessible fractions (36% for Pb and 70% for Zn). ZPRs cationic speciation of ingestible particles < 30 µm, 30-75 µm, 75-150 µm and 150-250 µm indicated that the bioaccessible Pb predominantly emanated from labile Pb fractions under gastric conditions with pH < 1. This was due to the dissolution of Pb associated with the exchangeable phase, carbonates and iron/manganese oxides; however, only exchangeable/carbonate Pb was bioaccessible at pH < 2. Hazard quotients indicated increased risks of Pb intoxication through the ingestion of ZPRs and soils near the legacy mine, with higher risks observed in children, emphasizing the need to remediate legacy mine wastes to reduce health risks and protect groundwater through monitoring in mining-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walubita Mufalo
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Arima
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Igarashi
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shingo Tomiyama
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 32379, Zambia
| | - Carlito Baltazar Tabelin
- Department of Materials and Resources Engineering Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Kayembe-Kitenge T, Nkulu CBL, Musanzayi SM, Kasole TL, Ngombe LK, Obadia PM, Van Brusselen D, Mukoma DKW, Musambo TM, Mulangu AM, Banza PN, Katoto PDMC, Smolders E, Nemery B, Nawrot T. Transplacental transfer of cobalt: Evidence from a study of mothers and their neonates in the African Copperbelt. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127294. [PMID: 37677922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfer of the trace metal cobalt (Co) from mother to foetus has not been documented in populations with high environmental exposure to Co, as is the case in the African Copperbelt mining region. We analysed data obtained from 246 mother-infant pairs included (at delivery) in a previously published case-control study on birth defects, done in Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of Congo) between March 1, 2013, and Feb 28, 2015. METHODS Co was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in maternal blood, maternal urine, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue, as available. RESULTS The Co concentrations [geometric mean (GM) with interquartile range (IQR)] in maternal blood (GM 1.77 µg/L, IQR 1.07-2.93) and urine (GM 7.42 µg/g creatinine, IQR 4.41-11.0) were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.71, n = 166; p < 0.001) and considerably higher than reference values determined for general populations elsewhere in the world. The concentrations of Co in umbilical cord blood (GM 2.41 µg/L) were higher (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001) than in maternal blood (GM 1.37 µg/L), with a correlation between both values (Spearman r = 0.34; n = 127, p < 0.001). Co concentrations in placental tissue (geometric mean 0.02 µg/g wet weight) correlated with concentrations in maternal blood (Spearman r = 0.50, n = 86, p < 0.001) and in neonatal blood (Spearman r = 0.23, n = 83, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION This first study of maternal and neonatal Co concentrations in the African Copperbelt provides strong evidence of a high transfer of Co from mother to foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kayembe-Kitenge
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Belgium; Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Toni Lubala Kasole
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Leon Kabamba Ngombe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul Musa Obadia
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Van Brusselen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of (Tropical) Paediatrics, ZAS Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Kyanika Wa Mukoma
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Taty Muta Musambo
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Patient Nkulu Banza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - P D M C Katoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Erik Smolders
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Radi N, Hirche A, Boutaleb A. Assessment of soil contamination by heavy metals and arsenic in Tamesguida abandoned copper mine area, Médéa, Algeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:247. [PMID: 36580146 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and arsenic pollution of soil remains a serious environmental problem long after mining operations have ended. For instance, the Tamesguida copper mine located in north-central Algeria has been abandoned for several decades without restoration or even an environmental impact assessment. Therefore, soils were collected from several locations in the vicinity of the old mine and tailings and analyzed for their Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Fe rates to gauge the scope of the soil contamination caused by these elements, and assessing their origin and their dispersion in the mine area. High copper and arsenic contents were recorded in tailings and surrounding soils, far exceeding the world average shale, crustal average, and local soils. Except for lead, the spatial distribution of heavy metals and As shows a decrease in content as one moves away from the tailings, and the correlation matrix and PCA performed associate the origin of these elements with previous mining activities. The pollution indices, notably contamination degree (CD) and the pollution load index (PLI), categorize the site as a highly polluted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Radi
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene-USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16011, Algiers, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Energetic Processes and Nanotechnology Ex FUNDAPL, Faculty of Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, route de Soumâa, BP 270, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, route de Soumâa, BP 270, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
| | - Azziz Hirche
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene-USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16011, Algiers, Algeria
- Algiers 1 Benyoucef Benkhedda University, 2 Didouche Mourad street, BP 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Boutaleb
- LMMA-Laboratory of Algerian Metallogeny and Magmatism, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene-USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16011, Algiers, Algeria
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Nakata H, Nakayama SMM, Yabe J, Muzandu K, Kataba A, Ikeda-Araki A, Drisse MNB, Onyon LJ, Gorman J, Kritika P, Fukunaga H, Ikenaka Y, Kishi R, Ishizuka M. Narrative review of lead poisoning in humans caused by industrial activities and measures compatible with sustainable industrial activities in Republic of Zambia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157833. [PMID: 35961390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution and human exposure to Pb, is an important issue for the international community to address being associated with 0.90 million deaths from long-term effects. The Republic of Zambia is a typical mineral resource-rich country, with long-standing mining and smelting activities of metals including Pb in several parts of the country. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of previous papers that have assessed human exposure to Pb and related health effects in Zambia. Environmental remediation methods that should be applied locally, ways to reduce Pb exposure of the population, and issues that need to be addressed by various sectors are discussed. Environmental remediation methods using locally available and affordable materials are needed to ensure both sustainable industrial activities and pollution prevention. In the Zambian mining towns, including Kabwe, various research activities have been conducted, including environmental monitoring, human biomonitoring and health impact assessments. The town of Kabwe, which was one of Zambia's largest Pb mining area in the 20th century, continues to have formal and informal Pb-related industries and is known as one of the most polluted areas in the world. For example, despite the World Health Organization asserting that "For an individual with a blood Pb concentration ≥ 5 μg/dL, appropriate action should be taken to terminate exposure", there are reports of blood Pb levels in Kabwe children exceeding 100 μg/dL. While Pb pollution is a global issue, not many places have such continuous and comprehensive research has been conducted, and there is much to be learned from the knowledge accumulated in these areas. Because the high levels of Pb accumulation in humans and the adverse health effects were clarified, we consider that it is important to combine mining activities, which are a key industry, with measures to prevent environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; University of Namibia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P/B. 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew Kataba
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Japan.
| | - Marie-Noel Brune Drisse
- Department of Environment, Climate and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lesley Jayne Onyon
- Department of Environment, Climate and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Gorman
- Department of Environment, Climate and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Poudel Kritika
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Japan
| | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Xiang Q, Yu H, Chu H, Hu M, Xu T, Xu X, He Z. The potential ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals using self-organizing map. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156978. [PMID: 35772532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution control zoning aiming at the health maintenance of watershed soil ecosystem has become an important means of soil environmental protection and governance. Based on the self-organizing map (SOM), this study classifies the data sets of eight heavy metals such as Co, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Tl in 354 samples, calculates the potential ecological risk value of soil heavy metals in combination with the potential Hakansom Risk index (HRI), and uses the geographic information system (GIS) for visualization. In the research results, SOM has divided five soil ecological risk categories. The highest average ecological risk value of 85.95 is found in cluster IV, which is clustered and distributed in urban development areas in the upper reaches of the river. The average ecological risk values of cluster I and cluster V are relatively close at 79.64 and 79.19, respectively. Cluster I and cluster V are distributed in the north of the river in a linear and cluster manner, respectively, and are located on a concave bank with a relatively gentle slope. The average ecological risk of soil pollution in cluster II is 77.59, which is linearly distributed on both banks of the river. The ecological risk of soil pollution in cluster III is the lowest (74.39), mainly scattered in the south of rivers with less human activities. The study further identified the environmental factors that affect the soil ecological risk value in different cluster units and put forward the classified and differentiated management and control strategies for different cluster units. The research shows that SOM can cluster the data sets of heavy metals with high sensitivity and low threshold through competitive learning to effectively provide the distribution information of abnormal soil ecological risk areas. This information is helpful for urban environmental management departments and planning departments to take targeted management and recovery measures to avoid the health risks related to soil heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiang
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Huan Yu
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hongliang Chu
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Geography and Environmental Resources, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Environmental Resources and Policy, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Ziyi He
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
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Zhou Z, Peng C, Liu X, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Xiao X. Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159698. [PMID: 35955055 PMCID: PMC9368718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pb-Zn smelting is a major cause of heavy metal(loid) contaminations in soils. We collected data on heavy metal(loid)s in the soils near Pb-Zn smelteries globally from 54 peer-reviewed reports to study the metals' distribution, pollution index, and potential ecological and health risks. We observed that 90% of the studied Pb-Zn smelteries were distributed in Asia and Europe. Heavy metal(loid)s were mainly deposited within a 2 km distance to the smelteries, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 208.3 for As, 26.6 for Cd, 191.8 for Cu, 4192.6 for Pb, and 4187.7 for Zn, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceeded their corresponding upper continental crust values several hundred folds, suggesting severe contamination. The smelting area had the highest heavy metal(loid) contamination in soil, followed by the forest land, farmland, and living area. Compared with the soil environmental standard values from various countries, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were considered priority pollutants for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Likewise, As, Cd, and Pb were suggested as the priority pollutants for protecting groundwater safety. The potential ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil within 2 km of Pb-Zn smelteries were severe and should be of concern.
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Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in copper mine tailing soils of Kitwe and Mufulira, Zambia, for reclamation prospects. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11283. [PMID: 35787645 PMCID: PMC9253116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the level of heavy metal contamination coupled with the assessment of environmental and human risks associated with mine waste dumpsites is an important step to initiating efficient measures for mine wasteland restoration, stabilization, and bioremediation. In the present study, concentration of the heavy metals; Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn) in soil from mine waste dumpsites around Kitwe (Sites: TD25 and TD26) and Mufulira (Site: TD10), Zambia, was assessed to determine the level of contamination, ecological risks, and progress made in reclamation. The mine waste dumpsites in the two towns are located in the vicinity of residential areas. Therefore, there is need to provide information for optimization of protocols for post-mining landscape in Zambia and elsewhere to limit soil, river, and groundwater contamination and to accelerate the restoration process . Mean values for soil pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter varied between 5.9-8.4, 2534.8-538.6 μS/cm, and 0.90-2.75%, respectively. The mean concentrations of heavy metals of TD25, TD26, and TD10 decreased in order of Fe > Cu > Co > Mn > Pb > Zn across all sites. However, the order of overall degree of heavy metal contamination computed using control soil as a baseline in TD25, TD26, and TD10 was Cu > Co > Fe > Pb > Mn > Zn. The pollution load index was 0.355 at TD25, 0.329 at TD26, and 0.189 at TD10, indicating high soil pollution at TD25 and TD26. The Potential Ecological Risk Index for all heavy metals tested at TD25, TD26, and TD10 showed low ecological risk in the vicinity of the studied dumpsites. Furthermore, the present study also showed that the polluted soils around smelter sites and mine waste dumpsites are susceptible to dispersion by wind and water. Additionally, results from TD10 revealed that the initiated remediation of the tailings dam was somewhat successful. Finally, this study provided an updated status regarding the accumulation of heavy metals in mine waste dumpsites of Kitwe and Mufulira, Zambia and baseline information necessary to enhance post-mining landscape reclamation.
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Liu L, Chen J, Liu C, Luo Y, Chen J, Fu Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Li X, Wang H. Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838762. [PMID: 35782923 PMCID: PMC9245072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals were classified as essential, probably essential, and potentially toxic in the general population. Until now, it has been reported inconsistently on the association between heavy metals and BC. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the association between heavy metals and BC and review the potential mechanisms systematically. Methods We searched for epidemiological studies in English about the association between heavy metals and BC published before September 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In total 36 studies, comprising 4,151 individuals from five continents around the world were identified and included. Results In all biological specimens, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations were higher, but Zn and Mn concentrations were lower in patients with BC than in non-BC participants [SMD (95% CIs): 0.62 (0.12, 1.12); 1.64 (0.76, 2.52); 2.03 (0.11, 3.95); −1.40 (−1.96, −0.85); −2.26 (−3.39, −1.13); p = 0.01, 0.0003, 0.04, <0.0001, <0.0001]. Specifically, higher plasma or serum Cu and Cd, as well as lower Zn and Mn, were found in cases [SMD (95% CIs): 0.98 (0.36, 1.60); 2.55 (1.16, 3.94); −1.53 (−2.28, −0.78); −2.40 (−3.69, −1.10); p = 0.002, 0.0003, <0.0001, 0.0003]; in hair, only lower Zn was observed [SMD (95% CIs): −2.12 (−3.55, −0.68); p = 0.0004]. Furthermore, the status of trace elements probably needs to be re-explored, particularly in BC. More prospective studies, randomized clinical trials, and specific pathogenic studies are needed to prevent BC. The main mechanisms underlying above-mentioned findings are comprehensively reviewed. Conclusion For BC, this review identified the current knowledge gaps which we currently have in understanding the impact of different heavy metals on BC. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176934, identifier: CRD42020176934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui Wang
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Gupta PK, Singh A, Vaish B, Singh P, Kothari R, Singh RP. A comprehensive study on aquatic chemistry, health risk and remediation techniques of cadmium in groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151784. [PMID: 34808189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential trace element, it's intrusion in groundwater has ubiquitous implications on the environment and human health. This review is an approach to comprehensively emphasize on i) chemistry and occurrence of Cd in groundwater and its concomitant response on human health ii) sustainable Cd remediation techniques, iii) and associated costs. Current study is depending on meta-analysis of Cd contaminations in groundwater and discusses its distributions around the globe. Literature review primarily comprises from the last three decades online electronic published database, which mainly includes i) research literatures, ii) government reports. On the basis of meta-data, it was concluded that Cd mobility depends on multiple factors: such as pH, redox state, and ionic strength, dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC). A substantially high Cd concentration has been reported in Lagos, Nigeria (0.130 mg/L). In India, groundwater is continuing to be contaminated by Cd in the proximity of industrial, agricultural areas, high concentrations (>8.20 mg/L) were reported in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Depending on chemical behavior and ionic radius cadmium disseminate into the food chain and ultimately cause health hazard that can be measured by various index-based assessment tools. Instead of chemical adsorbents, nanoparticles, phytoextraction, and bioremediation techniques can be very useful in the remediation and management of Cd polluted groundwater at a low-cost. For Cd pollution, the development of a comprehensive framework that links the hydro-geological, bio-geochemical processes to public health is important and need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Barkha Vaish
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Science, Society for Higher Education & Practical Applications (SHEPA), Varanasi, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani (Bagla) Samba, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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10
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Zyambo G, Yabe J, Muzandu K, M’kandawire E, Choongo K, Kataba A, Chawinga K, Liazambi A, Nakayama SMM, Nakata H, Ishizuka M. Human Health Risk Assessment from Lead Exposure through Consumption of Raw Cow Milk from Free-Range Cattle Reared in the Vicinity of a Lead-Zinc Mine in Kabwe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084757. [PMID: 35457623 PMCID: PMC9032925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination in the environment affects both humans and animals. Chronic exposure to Pb via dietary intake of animal products such as milk from contaminated areas poses a health risk to consumers; therefore, the present study investigated Pb contamination in cow milk and its health risk impact on humans through consumption of milk from cattle reared in the proximity of a Pb−Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Fresh milk samples were collected from cows from Kang’omba (KN), Kafulamse (KF), Mpima (MP), Mukobeko (MK), and Munga (MN) farming areas. Pb determination was performed using Graphite Flame Absorption Atomic Spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Cow milk Pb levels showed different concentration patterns according to season, distance, and location of the farms from the Pb−Zn mine. The overall mean Pb levels were ranged 0.60−2.22 µg/kg and 0.50−4.24 µg/kg in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The mean Pb concentration, chronic daily intake (CDIs), target hazard quotients (THQs), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) results obtained were all within the permissible limits of 20 µg/kg, 3 and 12.5 µg/kg-BW/day, <1 and 10−4 to10−6, respectively. In conclusion, although Pb was detected in milk from cows reared in Kabwe, the health risk effects of Pb exposure associated with the consumption of milk in both adults and children were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golden Zyambo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan;
| | - John Yabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, P.O. Box 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (M.I.); Tel./Fax: +81-11-706-5105 (M.I.)
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
| | - Ethel M’kandawire
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
| | - Kennedy Choongo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
| | - Andrew Kataba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Kenneth Chawinga
- Central Province Veterinary Office, 53 Pauling Street, Kabwe P.O. Box 80285, Zambia; (K.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Allan Liazambi
- Central Province Veterinary Office, 53 Pauling Street, Kabwe P.O. Box 80285, Zambia; (K.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Shouta M. M Nakayama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.Z.); (K.M.); (E.M.); (K.C.); (A.K.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (M.I.); Tel./Fax: +81-11-706-5105 (M.I.)
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11
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Dovlatabadi A, Estiri EH, Najafi ML, Ghorbani A, Rezaei H, Behmanesh M, Momeni E, Gholizadeh A, Cristaldi A, Mancini G, Alahabadi A, Miri M. Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of exposure to potentially toxic elements by consuming agricultural products irrigated with wastewater effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112479. [PMID: 34861231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have many adverse health effects due to bioaccumulation capability and their long persistence in the environment. As a renewable water source, the effluents of municipal wastewater treatment systems have been used to irrigate agricultural products widely. However, the evidence on the bioaccumulation of PTEs in crops irrigated with these effluents is still scarce, with no available study in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the PTEs concentration in the soil and crops irrigated with effluents of Sabzevar wastewater treatment plant and the related health risk by that. The clustered method was used to determine the soil and craps samples. Seventy cumulative samples were randomly prepared in summer and autumn 2016 and 2017 from crops, soil and effluent. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure PTEs. The health risk of exposure to PTEs was assessed using Monte Carlo simulation technique. Kruskal Wallis test and Posthoc Tukey HSD test were used to assess the mean difference of PTEs between soil, effluent and crops as well as between crops together. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) magnitude order in different crop samples was Cd > Sr > Cu > Pb > Zn > Co > As > Cr > Ni, respectively. The Cd accumulation in Sugar beet plant was significantly higher than in other samples. The highest hazard quotient (HQ) based on single PTEs was observed for As (mineral) (mean: 5.62 × 10-1 and percentile 95th: 2.13) in Okra. Regarding total HQ (THQ), the highest and lowest mean (percentile 95th) values were 1.50 (3.22) and 2.40 × 10-1 (4.01 × 10-1) for Okra and Watermelon, respectively. The mean concentrations of Co, Cr, Ni and Zn were significantly higher in crops compared to soil and influent samples. Posthoc tests indicated that the concentration of PTEs between investigated crop samples were not statistically significant different (p > 0.05). Overall, our study suggested that irrigation with the effluent of stabilization pond wastewater treatment system exerts a potential health risk due to bioaccumulation of PTEs in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Dovlatabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elahe Hasannejad Estiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghorbani
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Behmanesh
- University of Applied Sciences and Technology, Tehran, Iran; Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Momeni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ahmad Alahabadi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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12
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Aquatic Ecological Risk of Heavy-Metal Pollution Associated with Degraded Mining Landscapes of the Southern Africa River Basins: A Review. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Africa accounts for nearly 30% of the discovered world’s mineral reserves, with half of the world’s platinum group metals deposits, 36% of gold, and 20% of cobalt being in Southern Africa (SA). The intensification of heavy-metal production in the SA region has exacerbated negative human and environmental health impacts. In recent years, mining waste generated from industrial and artisanal mining has significantly affected the ecological integrity of SA aquatic ecosystems due to the accelerated introduction and deposition of heavy metals. However, the extent to which heavy-metal pollution associated with mining has impacted the aquatic ecosystems has not been adequately documented, particularly during bioassessments. This review explores the current aquatic ecological impacts on the heavily mined river basins of SA. It also discusses the approaches to assessing the ecological risks, inherent challenges, and potential for developing an integrated ecological risk assessment protocol for aquatic systems in the region. Progress has been made in developing rapid bioassessment schemes (RBS) for SA aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, method integration, which also involves heavy-metal pollution monitoring and molecular technology, is necessary to overcome the current challenges of the standardisation of RBS protocols. Citizenry science will also encourage community and stakeholder involvement in sustainable environmental management in SA.
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13
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Soran ML, Lung I, Opriș O, Culicov O, Ciorîță A, Stegarescu A, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Vergel K, Kacso I, Borodi G. The Effect of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on the Composition and Ultrastructure of Wheat. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3413. [PMID: 34947760 PMCID: PMC8706113 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to follow the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on bioactive compounds, the elemental content of wheat, and on wheat leaves' ultrastructure. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The concentration of phenolic compounds, assimilation pigments, antioxidant capacity, elemental content, as well as the ultrastructural changes that may occur in the wheat plants grown in the presence or absence of TiO2 NPs were evaluated. In plants grown in the presence of TiO2 NPs, the amount of assimilating pigments and total polyphenols decreased compared to the control sample, while the antioxidant activity of plants grown in amended soil was higher than those grown in control soil. Following ultrastructural analysis, no significant changes were observed in the leaves of TiO2-treated plants. Application of TiO2 NPs to soil caused a significant reaction of the plant to stress conditions. This was revealed by the increase of antioxidant capacity and the decrease of chlorophyll, total polyphenols, and carotenoids. Besides, the application of TiO2 NPs led to significant positive (K, Zn, Br, and Mo) and negative (Na, Mn, Fe, As, Sr, Sb, and Ba) variation of content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Ildiko Lung
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Ocsana Opriș
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Otilia Culicov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.)
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciorîță
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Stegarescu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 407 Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.)
| | - Konstantin Vergel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.)
| | - Irina Kacso
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Gheorghe Borodi
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (I.L.); (O.O.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
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14
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Calderon JL, Kaunda RB, Sinkala T, Workman CF, Bazilian MD, Clough G. Phytoremediation and phytoextraction in Sub-Saharan Africa: Addressing economic and social challenges. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112864. [PMID: 34627045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mining and mineral processing continues to be a source of lasting environmental problems in many developing economies. Phytoremediation has proven to be a viable strategy to remediate contaminated lands and limit environmental damage, but it has not been widely implemented partially due to social and economic challenges. However, by encouraging phytoremediation with a focus on phytoextraction, it may be possible to rehabilitate contaminated lands while simultaneously providing economic support to local communities. This can be achieved by the sale of phytoextracted metals to fund large-scale phytoremediation, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, this paper provides a conceptual approach for phytoremediation-based mineral recovery and explores the social and economic challenges related to large-scale deployment. The viability of the approach is explored and future work on phytoremediation implementation is defined with the goal of advancing research and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Calderon
- The Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, 816 15th St., Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Rennie B Kaunda
- Department of Mining Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 816 15th St., Golden, CO, USA
| | - Thomson Sinkala
- Department of Mining Engineering, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Caleb F Workman
- The Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, 816 15th St., Golden, CO, USA
| | - Morgan D Bazilian
- The Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, 816 15th St., Golden, CO, USA
| | - Greg Clough
- The Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, 816 15th St., Golden, CO, USA
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15
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Mulenga C, Clarke C, Meincken M. Bioaccumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in native Brachystegia longifolia naturally growing in a copper mining environment of Mufulira, Zambia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:8. [PMID: 34874469 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the soil and the subsequent accumulation in Brachystegia longifolia were investigated as a function of the wind direction and distance from a copper mine in Mufulira, Zambia. Soil and leaves of B. longifolia were collected along transects up to 12 km downwind and 19 km upwind. The total concentration of trace elements in the soil and leaves was determined through pXRF. Plant-available Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were extracted in a Mehlich III solution and analyzed using ICP-AES. The degree of soil contamination illustrates that Cu and Fe from the copper mine strongly pollute Mufulira and the surrounding forests. Bioavailable Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn reduced with increasing distance from the mine. An average of 296 mg/kg Cu, 2337 mg/kg Fe, 1101 mg/kg Mn, and 109 mg/kg Zn were recorded in leaves at the most polluted site. Similarly, 55.21 mg/kg Cu, 516.4 mg/kg Fe, 3196 mg/kg Mn, and 154 mg/kg Zn were recorded at an unpolluted site 19 km upwind. The concentration of Cu and Fe reduced significantly with increasing distance, while Mn and Zn increased significantly. It was further established that B. longifolia leaves accumulated Mn (× 38) and Zn (× 15) more than their respective total concentration in the soil. The concentrations of Cu and Fe found in leaves near the mine, as well as the Mn concentration in leaves across the study sites, could be stressful for B. longifolia tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mulenga
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Copperbelt University, P. O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Catherine Clarke
- Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Martina Meincken
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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16
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Toyomaki H, Yabe J, Nakayama SMM, Yohannes YB, Muzandu K, Mufune T, Nakata H, Ikenaka Y, Kuritani T, Nakagawa M, Choongo K, Ishizuka M. Lead concentrations and isotope ratios in blood, breastmilk and feces: contribution of both lactation and soil/dust exposure to infants in a lead mining area, Kabwe, Zambia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117456. [PMID: 34052649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poses a serious public health concern. Breastmilk may be a possible source of Pb exposure in infants, as Pb can be transferred from the maternal blood to breastmilk. The present study was undertaken to determine the Pb exposure and the contribution of lactation as one of the exposure pathways to infants in a Pb mining area, Kabwe, Zambia. Blood, breastmilk and infants' feces were collected from 418 pairs of infants and mothers. The Pb concentrations, isotope ratios in the samples, and biochemistry in mothers' plasma were analyzed. The overall mean of blood lead levels (BLLs) in infants and mothers were 18.0 and 11.3 μg/dL, respectively. High Pb concentration in breastmilk (range: 0.4-51.9, mean: 5.3 μg/L) above the WHO acceptable level between 2 and 5 μg/L were found and could be one of the sources of Pb exposure in infants. The Pb isotope ratios in infants' feces were the most similar to Pb ratios in the soil samples. The results suggest that infants are also exposed to Pb from the environment. Pb exposure in infants through breastfeeding and soil ingestion could potentially exceed daily intake of Pb which causes neurodevelopmental toxicity. In contrast to the high BLLs in mothers, the plasma biochemical profiles of most analyzed parameters were interestingly within, or close to, the standard reference values. Our data suggest that environmental remediation is urgently needed to reduce the Pb exposure in infants and mothers from the environment in Kabwe in parallel with chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruya Toyomaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia
| | - Tiza Mufune
- Ministry of Health, District Health Office, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuritani
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kennedy Choongo
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia; Fiji National University, College of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Koronivia Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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17
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Kim DM, Kwon OH, Oh YS, Lee JS. Determination of soil contamination sources in mining area using Zn/Cd ratios with mobile Cd. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4061-4074. [PMID: 33772675 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paddy fields near metalliferous mining area are sometimes contaminated by tailings or mine water. In the contaminated paddy fields around the abandoned Seoseong mine, South Korea, groundwater, surface water, and soil samples were assessed to infer sources (tailings and/or mine water) of soil contamination. Major contaminants in the soil included As and Pb which were not detected in the adit water. Moreover, δ34SSO4 values of groundwater at contaminated downstream paddy fields were higher than those of ground and surface water in the mining area, which indicated water-derived contamination is not evident. The Zn/Cd ratios of soil were assessed to verify the source (tailings) of soil contamination. Plots of the Zn/Cd ratio against Zn and As contents showed that soil samples contaminated from tailings had Zn/Cd ratios (108-247) which were similar with the Zn/Cd range of the tailings. In contrast, the ratios of the soil samples were different from the Zn/Cd range of contaminated water samples. The Zn/Cd ratios were determined using 0.1 M HCl-extractable Cd, and the fraction of 0.1 M HCl-extractable Cd in aqua regia-digestible Cd increased with increasing aqua regia-digestible Cd content. These observations suggest that Zn/Cd ratios in contaminated soil are primarily controlled by 0.1 M HCl-extractable Cd, possibly due to the greater exchangeability of 0.1 M HCl-extractable Cd than that of total Cd. This suggests that Zn/Cd ratios determined using 0.1 M HCl-extractable Cd can be especially sensitive and useful for determining sources of soil contamination in mining areas such as tailings or contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Min Kim
- Department of New Energy and Mining Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, South Korea
- Institute of Mine Reclamation Technology, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO), Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26464, South Korea
| | - Oh-Hun Kwon
- Institute of Mine Reclamation Technology, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO), Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26464, South Korea
| | - Youn Soo Oh
- Institute of Mine Reclamation Technology, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO), Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26464, South Korea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Institute of Mine Reclamation Technology, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO), Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26464, South Korea.
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Keskin F, Sarikurkcu C, Akata I, Tepe B. Metal concentrations of wild mushroom species collected from Belgrad forest (Istanbul, Turkey) with their health risk assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36193-36204. [PMID: 33687630 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wild edible mushrooms are very popular for both their flavors and nutritional values. However, some mushroom species can be harmful to human health as they accumulate some elements in excessive amounts. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Se, and Zn of some wild edible (Agaricus arvensis, A. bitorquis, A. sylvaticus, Amanita vaginata, Armillaria mellea, Clavariadelphus pistillaris, Clitocybe nebularis, Clitopilus prunulus, Hygrophorus marzuolus, H. russula, Lactarius volemus, Lycoperdon molle, and Macrolepiota mastoidea) and non-edible mushroom species (A. citrina, Auricularia mesenterica, Chanterellus melanoxeros, Chondrostereum purpureum, Clathrus ruber, L. controversus, L. helvus, and L. zonarius) collected from Belgrad forest (Istanbul, Turkey). Daily intakes of element (DIE) and health risk index (HRI) values of the edible mushroom species were also calculated. The concentrations of the elements in question were determined to be in the ranges of 9.7-556.8, 2.5-2226.7, 0.06-2.52, 0.03-13.17, 3.74-100.19, 13.3-507.4, 2635.0-28614.0, 493.0-2412.0, 6.97-3150.73, 0.29-13.26, 0.38-3.67, and 9.1-293.8 mg/kg, respectively. The Cd concentration of H. russula (DIE: 1.08, HRI: 1.08), Cr concentration of C. nebularis (DIE: 5.64, HRI: 1.88), and the Cu concentration of M. mastoidea (DIE: 42.94, HRI: 1.07) were above the reference values. The results showed that the long-term consumption of H. russula, C. nebularis, and M. mastoidea collected from Belgrad forest can have a negative impact on human health. Therefore, it was concluded that the element concentrations of edible wild mushrooms in this region should be examined periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyyaz Keskin
- Environmental Problems Research and Application Center, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, TR-48000, Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, TR-03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, TR-06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis 7 Aralik University, TR-79000, Kilis, Turkey
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Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Krishnan S, Kumar S, Nejad ZD, Majeed Khan MA, Alam J. Evaluating heavy metals contamination in soil and vegetables in the region of North India: Levels, transfer and potential human health risk analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103563. [PMID: 33310081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in different vegetables in different seasons and attributed a serious health hazard to human adults due to the consumption of such vegetables in Jhansi. The total amounts of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and cadmium (Cd) were analysed in 28 composite samples of soil and vegetables (Fenugreek, spinach, eggplant, and chilli) collected from seven agricultural fields. The transfer factor (TF) of HMs from soil to analysed vegetables was calculated, and significant non-carcinogenic health risks due to exposure to analysed heavy metals via consumption of these vegetables were computed. The statistical analysis involving Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation matrix suggested that anthropogenic activities were a major source of HMs in the study areas. The target hazard quotient of Cd, Mn, and Pb for fenugreek (2.156, 2.143, and 2.228, respectively) and spinach (3.697, 3.509, 5.539, respectively) exceeded the unity, indicating the high possibilities of non-carcinogenic health risks if regularly consumed by human beings. This study strongly suggests the continuous monitoring of soil, irrigation water, and vegetables to prohibit excessive accumulation in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India.
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Zahra Derakhshan Nejad
- Department of Energy Resources Geosystem Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- Kind Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Alam
- Kind Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kayembe-Kitenge T, Kabange Umba I, Musa Obadia P, Mbuyi-Musanzayi S, Nkulu Banza P, Katoto PDMC, Katshiez Nawej C, Kalenga Ilunga G, Haufroid V, Banza Lubaba Nkulu C, Nawrot T, Nemery B. Respiratory Health and Urinary Trace Metals among Artisanal Stone-Crushers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lubumbashi, DR Congo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249384. [PMID: 33334018 PMCID: PMC7765357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thousands of artisanal workers are exposed to mineral dusts from various origins in the African Copperbelt. We determined the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and urinary metals among artisanal stone-crushers in Lubumbashi. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 48 male artisanal stone-crushers and 50 male taxi-drivers using a standardized questionnaire and spirometry. Concentrations of trace metals were measured by Inductively Coupled - Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in urine spot samples. Results: Urinary Co, Ni, As, and Se were higher in stone-crushers than in control participants. Wheezing was more prevalent (p = 0.021) among stone-crushers (23%) than among taxi-drivers (6%). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the job of a stone-crusher was associated to wheezing (adjusted Odds Ratio 4.45, 95% Confidence Interval 1.09–18.24). Stone-crushers had higher values (% predicted) than taxi-drivers for Forced Vital Capacity (105.4 ± 15.9 vs. 92.2 ± 17.8, p = 0.048), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (104.4 ± 13.7 vs. 88.0 ± 19.6, p = 0.052), and Maximum Expiratory Flow at 25% of the Forced Vital Capacity (79.0.1 ± 20.7 vs. 55.7 ± 30.1, p = 0.078). Conclusion: Stone-crushers were more heavily exposed to mineral dust and various trace elements than taxi-drivers, and they had a fourfold increased risk of reporting wheezing, but they did not have evidence of more respiratory impairment than taxi-drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kayembe-Kitenge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malemba-Nkulu, Malemba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.D.M.C.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Irene Kabange Umba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
| | - Paul Musa Obadia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malemba-Nkulu, Malemba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.D.M.C.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Sebastien Mbuyi-Musanzayi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
| | - Patient Nkulu Banza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
| | - Patrick D. M. C. Katoto
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.D.M.C.K.); (T.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Prof Lurhuma Biomedical Research Laboratory, Mycobacterium Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Cyrille Katshiez Nawej
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kolwezi, Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Georges Kalenga Ilunga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malemba-Nkulu, Malemba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (T.K.-K.); (I.K.U.); (P.M.O.); (S.M.-M.); (P.N.B.); (G.K.I.); (C.B.L.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malemba-Nkulu, Malemba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.D.M.C.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.D.M.C.K.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1633-0801
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Sebei A, Chaabani A, Abdelmalek-Babbou C, Helali MA, Dhahri F, Chaabani F. Evaluation of pollution by heavy metals of an abandoned Pb-Zn mine in northern Tunisia using sequential fractionation and geostatistical mapping. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43942-43957. [PMID: 32748358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the contents of lead, zinc, and cadmium in 109 near-surface soil samples collected around the abandoned mine of Fedj Lahdoum, northern Tunisia, to assess the risk of pollution they generate. The study involved some analytical procedures such as pH measurements, X-ray diffraction techniques, sequential fractionation, and geostatistical mapping using the ordinary Kriging techniques. The sequential fractionation revealed that the bioavailability of Pb, Zn, and Cd follows the orders F5 > F3 » F4 > F2 » F1, F5 > F3 » F4 » F2 > F1 and F5 > F2 » F4 > F1, respectively; their associations with organic matter and residual sulfides (F4) are relatively low. However, their high cumulated contents are dominantly associated with the residual (F5) and reducible (F3) fractions. The geostatistical mapping was endeavored to predict the spatial distribution of the studied heavy metals at unsampled sites and to produce a cumulated risk map of soil pollution. The latter is discussed with emphasis of the main factors responsible for the scattering of the pollution as much as the landscape conditions, the chemical composition of the mine tailings, the surface drainage of meteoric water and the wind. This study provides insight into the delineation of the spatial spreading of Pb, Zn, and Cd around the abandoned mine Fedj Lahdoum and their surrounding urban areas. It reveals that the mine infrastructure areas encompassing both extraction and processing and tailing deposition areas are the main sources of contamination. And the landscape conditions together with the surface drainage of meteoric water and the wind are the main factors responsible for the scattering of the pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Sebei
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Anis Chaabani
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chiraz Abdelmalek-Babbou
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Helali
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Dhahri
- Laboratoiry of Geodynamics, Georesources and Geodnumeric, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Fredj Chaabani
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Ettler V, Štěpánek D, Mihaljevič M, Drahota P, Jedlicka R, Kříbek B, Vaněk A, Penížek V, Sracek O, Nyambe I. Slag dusts from Kabwe (Zambia): Contaminant mineralogy and oral bioaccessibility. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127642. [PMID: 32683030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The former Pb-Zn mining town of Kabwe in central Zambia is ranked amongst the worst polluted areas both in Africa and in the world. The fine dust particles from the ISF and Waelz slags deposited in Kabwe represent a health risk for the local population. Here, we combined a detailed multi-method mineralogical investigation with oral bioaccessibility testing in simulated gastric fluid (SGF; 0.4 M glycine, pH 1.5, L/S ratio of 100, 1 h, 37 °C) to evaluate the risk related to the incidental dust ingestion. The slag dust fractions contain up to 2610 mg/kg V, 6.3 wt% Pb and 19 wt% Zn. The metals are mainly bound in a slag glass and secondary phases, which formed during the slag weathering or were windblown from nearby tailing stockpiles (carbonates, Fe and Mn oxides, phosphates, vanadates). The bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) are rather high for all the main contaminants, with the BAF values generally higher for the ISF slags than for the Waelz slags: Pb (24-96%), V (21-100%) and Zn (54-81%). The results clearly indicate the potential risks related to the incidental slag dust ingestion. Even when a conservative value of the dust daily intake (100 mg/day) is considered, the daily contaminant intake significantly exceeds the tolerable daily intake limits, especially for Pb ≫ V > Zn. At higher ingestion rates, other minor contaminants (As, Cd) also become a health risk, especially for children. The slag heaps in Kabwe should be fenced to prevent local people entering and should be covered to limit the dust dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Ettler
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - David Štěpánek
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Drahota
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Jedlicka
- Institute of Petrology and Structural Geology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kříbek
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Vaněk
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Penížek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondra Sracek
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- Department of Geology, University of Zambia, School of Mines, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
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Doya R, Nakayama SMM, Nakata H, Toyomaki H, Yabe J, Muzandu K, Yohannes YB, Kataba A, Zyambo G, Ogawa T, Uchida Y, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Land Use in Habitats Affects Metal Concentrations in Wild Lizards Around a Former Lead Mining Site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14474-14481. [PMID: 32490671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential effects of different land use and other environmental factors on animals living in a contaminated environment. The study site in Kabwe, Zambia, is currently undergoing urban expansion, while lead contamination from former mining activities is still prevalent. We focused on a habitat generalist lizards (Trachylepis wahlbergii). The livers, lungs, blood, and stomach contents of 224 lizards were analyzed for their lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, and arsenic concentrations. Habitat types were categorized based on vegetation data obtained from satellite images. Multiple regression analysis revealed that land use categories of habitats and three other factors significantly affected lead concentrations in the lizards. Further investigation suggested that the lead concentrations in lizards living in bare fields were higher than expected based on the distance from the contaminant source, while those in lizards living in green fields were lower than expected. In addition, the lead concentration of lungs was higher than that of the liver in 19% of the lizards, implying direct exposure to lead via dust inhalation besides digestive exposure. Since vegetation reduces the production of dust from surface soil, it is plausible that dust from the mine is one of the contamination sources and that vegetation can reduce exposure to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Doya
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Haruya Toyomaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - John Yabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Andrew Kataba
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Golden Zyambo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, NorthWest University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Assessing the population-wide exposure to lead pollution in Kabwe, Zambia: an econometric estimation based on survey data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15092. [PMID: 32934309 PMCID: PMC7492281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study quantitatively assessed the population-wide lead poisoning conditions in Kabwe, Zambia, a town with severe lead pollution. While existing data have reported concerning blood lead levels (BLLs) of residents in pollution hotspots, the data representing the entire population are lacking. Further, selection bias is a concern. Given the lack of compulsory testing schemes, BLLs have been observed from voluntary participants in blood sampling surveys, but such data can represent higher or lower BLLs than the population average because of factors simultaneously affecting participation and BLLs. To illustrate the lead poisoning conditions of the population, we expanded the focus of our surveys and then econometrically estimated the BLLs of individuals representing the population, including those not participating in blood sampling, using background geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic information. The estimated population mean BLL was 11.9 μg/dL (11.6–12.1, 95% CI), lower than existing data because of our wide focus and correction of selection bias. However, the scale of lead poisoning remained immense and 74.9% of residents had BLLs greater than 5 μg/dL, the standard reference level for lead poisoning. Our estimates provide a deeper understanding of the problem and a foundation for policy intervention designs.
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Distinct Dispersion of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in Farmland Soils near Abandoned Mine Tailings: Field Observation Results in South Korea. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/9671871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the characteristics of metal(loid) transport and dispersion in agricultural soils near an abandoned metal mine. Topsoil samples were collected from 162 sampling sites in the study area, including 1 in the mine tailing dumps, to analyze the total concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Zn. Subsequently, the metal(loid) transport and dispersion characteristics were investigated using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results of this study clearly demonstrated the variation in the dispersal of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn from the mine tailing dumps to nearby agricultural soils and the element-specific spatial variability in their respective transport and dispersion characteristics. These findings suggested that compared with the migration behavior of Cd, Pb, and Zn, that of As has a farther-reaching impact on agricultural soils owing to its geochemical cycling in the soil and groundwater environment. This impact differed significantly in magnitude from that of the other investigated metals. Therefore, special consideration must be given to the migration behavior of As.
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Toyomaki H, Yabe J, Nakayama SMM, Yohannes YB, Muzandu K, Liazambi A, Ikenaka Y, Kuritani T, Nakagawa M, Ishizuka M. Factors associated with lead (Pb) exposure on dogs around a Pb mining area, Kabwe, Zambia. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125884. [PMID: 31978655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb)-poisoning is a serious public health concern and dogs have been useful as a sentinel-animal for Pb exposure of humans. In the present study, the blood Pb concentrations (BLC), isotope ratios (208 Pb/206 Pb and 207 Pb/206 Pb), and biochemistry of 120 domestically owned dogs living around a Pb mining area, in Kabwe, Zambia were analyzed to determine factors associated with Pb exposure. The overall mean value of Pb in dog blood in the present study was 271.6 μg/L. The BLC in the dogs from sites near the mine were significantly higher than those in the dogs from a site 4 km from the mine (352.9 ± 205.1 μg/L versus 28.0 ± 13.9 μg/L). BLC significantly decreased with both increasing age of the dogs and distance from the mine. The Pb isotope ratios in the dog that resided near the mine showed values similar to those reported at the galena mine in Kabwe, which is considered to be the source of Pb exposure. In contrast to the high metal exposure that was determined in these dogs, the mean values of most analyzed parameters in the blood biochemical analysis were surprisingly within or close to the standard reference values. Moreover, none of the dogs showed overt signs of Pb-poisoning or other clinical symptoms. The results of analysis of Pb exposure of the dogs obtained in the present study, which are similar to the previously reported results in human in this location, suggest that dogs could be useful as a sentinel animal for Pb exposure of humans in Kabwe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruya Toyomaki
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia
| | - Allan Liazambi
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Central Province Veterinary Office, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Takeshi Kuritani
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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Park J, Kim JY, Lee K, Kim MS, Kim MJ, Choi JW. Comparison of acid extraction and total digestion methods for measuring Cd isotope ratios of environmental samples. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:41. [PMID: 31834560 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the pretreatment processing for Cd isotope analysis of environmental samples, acid extractions and total digestions were examined with various environmental certified reference materials. Four certified reference material samples, including fly ash, polluted soil, domestic sludge, and industrial sludge, were digested by six different acid extraction and total digestion methods, and then Cd was separated to remove other matrix by anion-exchange column. The Cd recovery rates of the acid extraction methods were 2.6-89.1%, while those of the total digestion methods were 21.6-88.7%. In these results, the Cd recovery rates were dependent on the sample type. More than 80% of the Cd in the polluted soil and domestic sludge samples could be recovered regardless of the decomposition method, except one method. On the other hand, the Cd recovery rate from fly ash was low when total digestion was performed using a HF mixture, and the recovery rate by total digestion methods for industrial sludge was higher than that by acid extraction. In our results, Cd isotope ratios tended to be more positive by increasing the Cd recovery rates, suggesting that the light isotope of Cd was decomposed preferentially during the decomposition procedures. However, when more than 80% of the Cd in the samples was recovered, the Cd isotope ratios were determined to be similar. This indicated that at least 80% of the Cd should be recovered from environmental samples to accurately measure the Cd isotopic ratio of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseon Park
- Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoun-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoun-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Khanghyun Lee
- Unit of Antarctic K-route Expedition, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoun-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoun-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Choi
- Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoun-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
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Mungai TM, Wang J. Heavy metal pollution in suburban topsoil of Nyeri, Kapsabet, Voi, Ngong and Juja towns, in Kenya. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Mwandira W, Nakashima K, Kawasaki S, Ito M, Sato T, Igarashi T, Chirwa M, Banda K, Nyambe I, Nakayama S, Nakata H, Ishizuka M. Solidification of sand by Pb(II)-tolerant bacteria for capping mine waste to control metallic dust: Case of the abandoned Kabwe Mine, Zambia. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:17-25. [PMID: 31022616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impacts resulting from historic lead and zinc mining in Kabwe, Zambia affect human health due to the dust generated from the mine waste that contains lead, a known hazardous pollutant. We employed microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP), an alternative capping method, to prevent dust generation and reduce the mobility of contaminants. Pb-resistant Oceanobacillus profundus KBZ 1-3 and O. profundus KBZ 2-5 isolated from Kabwe were used to biocement the sand that would act as a cover to prevent dust and water infiltration. Sand biocemented by KBZ 1-3 and KBZ 2-5 had maximum unconfined compressive strength values of 3.2 MPa and 5.5 MPa, respectively. Additionally, biocemented sand exhibited reduced water permeability values of 9.6 × 10-8 m/s and 8.9 × 10-8 m/s for O. profundus KBZ 1-3 and KBZ 2-5, respectively, which could potentially limit the entrance of water and oxygen into the dump, hence reducing the leaching of heavy metals. We propose that these isolates represent an option for bioremediating contaminated waste by preventing both metallic dust from becoming airborne and rainwater from infiltrating into the waste. O. profundus KBZ 1-3 and O. profundus KBZ 2-5 isolated form Kabwe represent a novel species that has, for the first time, been applied in a bioremediation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mwandira
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kawasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Igarashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Meki Chirwa
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Kawawa Banda
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Tang L, Deng S, Tan D, Long J, Lei M. Heavy metal distribution, translocation, and human health risk assessment in the soil-rice system around Dongting Lake area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17655-17665. [PMID: 31028622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were investigated in 89 pairs of rice plant and paddy soils around Dongting Lake area, China. Rice plants and soils were collected with GPS device, and heavy metal contents in different rice plant tissues and soils were measured. The aim of the present study was to assess the heavy metal pollution and translocation in the whole soil-rice system, including the consequent human health risk for residents. According to the indices of average geoaccumulation (Igeo) of the studied elements, paddy soils in study area were moderately polluted by Cd, lowly polluted by Pb, and not polluted by Cu, Zn, Cr, and As. Considering the much higher concentrations of studied elements in roots than in other tissues of rice plants, a great mass of these elements was assumed to be confined in the roots. The low translocation factors from root to shoot (Tfroot-shoot) of all the studied heavy metals (0.04-0.74) underpinned this. The high translocation factors from soil to root (Tfsoil-root) of Cd (9.12), As (4.38), and Zn (2.05) indicated the high bioavailability of these heavy metals for rice plant. The health risk assessment using target hazard quotients (THQs) model indicated that Cd (5.17 for adults and 4.49 for children respectively) and As (3.61 for adults and 3.14 for children respectively) could cause human health risk both for adults and children. Further, given the rate of individual THQ values exceeding one, Cu might also be considered as a potential human health dangerous element in the study area. It was worth noting that as one of the main pollutants, Pb did not show human health risk through rice grain consumption due to its low Tf values in soil-rice system. However, the risk identification of As using comparisons of measured concentrations with risk screening value in Chinese paddy soil standard (GB15618-2018) was not consistent with the human health risk assessment result. This might indicate that site-specific risk screening values of As in China is in demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Deng
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tan
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiumei Long
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Chungu D, Mwanza A, Ng'andwe P, Chungu BC, Maseka K. Variation of heavy metal contamination between mushroom species in the Copperbelt province, Zambia: are the people at risk? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3410-3416. [PMID: 30609048 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal contamination in mushrooms and the associated health risk are unknown in Zambia. We studied seven heavy metals and 23 mushroom species and interviewed 400 people. RESULTS Mushrooms were found to contain substantial concentrations of Cu (894.4 ± 267.9 µg g-1 ) and Fe (998.4 ± 454.0 µg g-1 ). Significant differences in transfer factors of metals occurred between mushroom species (F11,66 = 5.36, P < 0.001). The most efficient were L. kabansus (for Zn and Ni), A. miomboensis (for Cu and Fe) and T. clypeatus (for Mn, Pb and Co). These species were also among the most preferred mushrooms for consumption based on the interviews conducted. Although 60% of the mushrooms observed were edible, only 20% were frequently consumed during the mushroom season. High positive correlations observed between soils and mushrooms suggest that contamination in mushrooms increases with soil pollution. The estimated daily intake of metals and the target hazard quotient through mushroom consumption were found to be significantly influenced by mushroom species (F11,66 = 38.8, P < 0.001) suggesting that the level of exposure to heavy metals depends on the species of mushroom consumed. CONCLUSIONS The study has revealed that heavy metal concentrations in mushrooms exceed permissible limits and vary between species. Transfer efficiency also varies between mushroom species and contamination in mushrooms increases with soil pollution. The fact that concentrations of metals in soil were significantly high, the risk of exposure through mushroom consumption and possibly soil ingestion is even higher. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Chungu
- School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
- Directorate of Distance Education and Open Learning, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Alstone Mwanza
- School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Ministry of Tourism and Arts, Chilanga, Zambia
| | | | | | - Kenneth Maseka
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
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Golia EE, Tsiropoulos GN, Füleky G, Floras S, Vleioras S. Pollution assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils of different taxonomy orders in central Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:106. [PMID: 30685789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four hundred fifty soil samples of the orders of Alfisols, Inceptisols, Endisols, and Vertisols from Karditsa, Trikala, and Larissa (Central Greece) were collected over a three-year period. In these samples we analyzed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and soil properties known to affect their mobility. High regression coefficients were observed between soil pH and PTE concentrations in Alfisols, reflecting that soil pH is the dominant characteristic influencing PTEs. In Inceptisols, there was a significant interaction among the studied PTEs, probably due to PTEs having the same origin. The Endisol samples had high sand content and electrical conductivity values, resulting in high availability of all studied PTEs. In Vertisols, clay content proved to be the most important parameter influencing PTE levels. Factor analysis was also used in order to clarify the possible sources of metals in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Golia
- School of Agriculture Crop Production and Agricultural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street,, 384 46, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece.
| | - G N Tsiropoulos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Füleky
- Department of Soil Science and Agro chemistry, Szent István University, Godollo, Hungary
| | - St Floras
- School of Agriculture Crop Production and Agricultural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street,, 384 46, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - Sp Vleioras
- Regional Center of Quality Control and Plant Protection of Magnesia, Laboratory of Quality Control, Torousia and Nikolaidi, Pedion Areos, 383 34, Volos, Greece
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Demková L, Árvay J, Bobuľská L, Hauptvogl M, Michalko M. Activity of the soil enzymes and moss and lichen biomonitoring method used for the evaluation of soil and air pollution from tailing pond in Nižná Slaná (Slovakia). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:485-497. [PMID: 30676862 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1567158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The surrounding of the poorly maintained tailing ponds is endangered by the toxic substances and represents a serious risk for the health of the local population. The aim of the study was to determine the soil pollution by the hazardous elements (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) around the tailing pond using contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd) and pollution load index (PLI). The health and the condition of soil were evaluated by soil enzyme activity (urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase, florescein diacetate, and ß-glucosidase). The spreading of the airborne hazardous elements from the body of the tailing pond was evaluated by moss and lichen bag technique and relative accumulation factor was used for the result expression. Cd, Fe, and Mn in soils reached above the limit values at all sampling sites. According to the degree of contamination (Cd), the soils at the sampling area were very high contaminated by As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb. The most part of the assessed area was according to the PLI values extremely polluted. The air pollution was the most serious around the tailing pond, but serious levels of some hazardous elements were determined also in the remote distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Demková
- a Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences , University of Prešov , Presov , Slovakia
| | - Július Árvay
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnologies and Food Sciences , Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra , Nitra-Chrenová , Slovakia
| | - Lenka Bobuľská
- a Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences , University of Prešov , Presov , Slovakia
| | - Martin Hauptvogl
- c Department of Suitable Development, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development , Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra , Nitra-Chrenová , Slovakia
| | - Miloslav Michalko
- d Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences , University of Prešov , Presov Slovakia
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Roque-Álvarez I, Sosa-Rodríguez FS, Vazquez-Arenas J, Escobedo-Bretado MA, Labastida I, Corral-Rivas JJ, Aragón-Piña A, Armienta MA, Ponce-Peña P, Lara RH. Spatial distribution, mobility and bioavailability of arsenic, lead, copper and zinc in low polluted forest ecosystem in North-western Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:320-333. [PMID: 30005354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A geochemical-environmental mapping was carried for a low polluted forest in North-western Mexico (Santiago Papasquiaro mining area), as part of the North American forests accounting for environmental behavior of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in soil and tree components (stem wood and aciculums). Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques along with standard protocols were used to determine the mineralogical phases containing these elements, and their corresponding spatial distributions in soil and forests and mobility. In soil, total As, Pb, Zn and Cu ranged from 4.9 to 98.3, 19.6 to 768.6, 19.6 to 407.1, and 1.6 to 63.8 mg kg-1, respectively. Ultrafine particles (<5-10 μm) of arsenopyrite and sphalerite (and complex Zn-Fe phase) were the main As and Zn-bearing phases determined by SEM-EDS, respectively. Complex Pb-Cu-Fe and Cu-O oxide-like phases were the only ones containing Pb and Cu, respectively. Mobility was low for Pb, Zn and Cu, whereas a significant mobility was assessed for As. Concentrations vs. depth profiles suggested progressive accumulations of As, Pb, Zn and Cu in top soil. Total As, Pb, Zn and Cu in pine stem wood varied from 11.5 to 184.5, 98.9 to 7359.8, 3242.7 to 22197.3, 689.2 to 7179.6 μg kg-1, respectively. The respective concentrations in the pine needles ranged from 50 to 624.2, 100 to 16353.1, 120 to 46440.9 and 720 to 7200 μg kg-1, indicating an active bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Zn and Cu. A prospective environmental behavior was discussed for As, Pb, Zn and Cu in the low-polluted forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Roque-Álvarez
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico; Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, MICAF, Institute for Silviculture and Wood Industry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigación, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Fabiola S Sosa-Rodríguez
- Economic Growth and Environment, Economics, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, 02200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vazquez-Arenas
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto S/N, Col. La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Escobedo-Bretado
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Israel Labastida
- Department of Energy, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, 02200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Javier Corral-Rivas
- Institute of Forestry and Wood Industry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Antonio Aragón-Piña
- Institute of Metallurgy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2da, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ma Aurora Armienta
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Geophysics, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ponce-Peña
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - René H Lara
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico.
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Bose-O'Reilly S, Yabe J, Makumba J, Schutzmeier P, Ericson B, Caravanos J. Lead intoxicated children in Kabwe, Zambia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:420-424. [PMID: 29089102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Kabwe is a lead contaminated mining town in Zambia. Kabwe has extensive lead contaminated soil and children in Kabwe ingest and inhale high quantities of this toxic dust. The aim of this paper is to analyze the health impact of this exposure for children. Health data from three existing studies were re-analyzed. Over 95% of children living in the most affected townships had high blood lead levels (BLLs) > 10µg/dL. Approximately 50% of those children had BLLs ≥ 45µg/dL. The existing data clearly establishes the presence of a severe environmental health crisis in Kabwe which warrants immediate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany; Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria.
| | - John Yabe
- University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Joseph Makumba
- Misenge Environmental and Technical Services Ltd., ZCCM Investment Holdings Plc (ZCCM-IH), Kitwe, Zambia.
| | - Paul Schutzmeier
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jack Caravanos
- Pure Earth, New York, USA; New York University of New York School of Public Health, New York, USA.
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Using phytostabilisation to conserve threatened endemic species in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yun SW, Baveye PC, Kim DH, Kang DH, Lee SY, Kong MJ, Park CG, Kim HD, Son J, Yu C. Analysis of metal(loid)s contamination and their continuous input in soils around a zinc smelter: Development of methodology and a case study in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:140-149. [PMID: 29554562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination due to atmospheric deposition of metals originating from smelters is a global environmental problem. A common problem associated with this contamination is the discrimination between anthropic and natural contributions to soil metal concentrations: In this context, we investigated the characteristics of soil contamination in the surrounding area of a world class smelter. We attempted to combine several approaches in order to identify sources of metals in soils and to examine contamination characteristics, such as pollution level, range, and spatial distribution. Soil samples were collected at 100 sites during a field survey and total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed. We conducted a multivariate statistical analysis, and also examined the spatial distribution by 1) identifying the horizontal variation of metals according to particular wind directions and distance from the smelter and 2) drawing a distribution map by means of a GIS tool. As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in the soil were found to originate from smelter emissions, and As also originated from other sources such as abandoned mines and waste landfill. Among anthropogenic metals, the horizontal distribution of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn according to the downwind direction and distance from the smelter showed a typical feature of atmospheric deposition (regression model: y = y0 + αe-βx). Lithogenic Fe was used as an indicator, and it revealed the continuous input and accumulation of these four elements in the surrounding soils. Our approach was effective in clearly identifying the sources of metals and analyzing their contamination characteristics. We believe this study will provide useful information to future studies on soil pollution by metals around smelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Yun
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Philippe C Baveye
- Unité ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kang
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Lee
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Kong
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Park
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Gongju National University, 54 Daehak-Ro, Yesan-up, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Do Kim
- Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, 870 Haean-Ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15634, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkwan Son
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 54875, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Yu
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), 900 Gazwa, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Punia A, Siddaiah NS, Singh SK. Source and Assessment of Metal Pollution at Khetri Copper Mine Tailings and Neighboring Soils, Rajasthan, India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:633-641. [PMID: 28956090 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present here the results of the study on metal pollution by identifying source, abundance and distribution in soil and tailings of Khetri copper complex (KCC) mines, Rajasthan India. The region is highly contaminated by copper (Cu) with higher values in the soil near overburden material (1224 mg/kg) and tailings (111 mg/kg). The average Cu (231 mg/kg) concentration of soil is ~9, 5 and 32 times higher than upper crust, world average shale (WAS) and local background soil (LS), respectively. However this reaches to ~82, 46 and 280 times higher in case of tailing when compared. The correlation and principal component analysis for soil reveals that the source of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn and Fe is mining and Pb and Cd could be result of weathering of parent rocks and other anthropogenic activities. The source for Cr in soil is both mining activities and weathering of parent rocks. The values of index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) and pollution load index for soil using LS as background are higher compared to values calculated using WAS. The metal rich sulphide bearing overburden material as well as tailings present in the open environment at KCC mines region warrants a proper management to minimize their impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Punia
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - N Siva Siddaiah
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
| | - Saurabh K Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
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Shafiei L, Taymoori P, Maleki A, Nouri B. Effect of Environmental Intervention on the Consumption of Rice without Toxic Metals Based on the Health Belief Model and Ecological-Social Model. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:JC01-JC06. [PMID: 28892931 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26784.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of instructional models on the changing behaviour of consuming contaminated rice with toxic metals has not been investigated in Iran yet. AIM To compare effect of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Ecological (ECO) social model on decreasing the consumption of rice contaminated with toxic metals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study aimed at implementing a six-month interventionist program among three groups (HBM, ECO and Control). The study population comprised of 240 women, aged 18 to 50. Questionnaires were distributed which consisted of demographic information, knowledge, constructs of the models, performance of rice consumption, and the manner of rice cooking. In HBM group participants were individually provided with instructions based on HBM. However, in ECO group participants received the instruction through social networks consisted of mothers, sisters, family members, and colleagues. RESULTS The results of Wilcoxon test indicated improvements in people's diet including a significant increase in the number of women consuming rice without toxic metals, a significant reduction in the number of women consuming rice contaminated with toxic metals in both intervention groups. On the other hand, such an improvement was not observed in the control group. The results of repeated measures' analysis of variance suggested further improvement in healthy diet in ECO group rather than HBM group after the completion of the environmental intervention. CONCLUSION Both methods of instructional intervention caused changes in the diet of people regarding the consumption of rice free from toxic metals and changes in the manner of cooking from Kateh (steaming rice) to Pilaw (draining rice). Development of social support had probably a more effective role on the improvement of people's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shafiei
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Taymoori
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bijan Nouri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals and the Environmental Quality of Soil in the Northern Plateau of Spain by Geostatistical Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14060568. [PMID: 28587142 PMCID: PMC5486254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The environmental quality of soil in the central part of the Northern Plateau of Spain has been analyzed by studying the heavy metal content of 166 samples belonging to the horizons A, B and C of 89 soil profiles. The analysis to assess the environmental risk of heavy metals in the soil was carried out by means of the spatial distribution of nine heavy metals and the use of several pollution indices. The results showed that the concentration values of heavy metals (x¯ ± S) in the superficial soil horizons were the following: With a total of 6.71 ± 3.51 mg·kg−1, the contents of Cd is 0.08 ± 0.06 mg·kg−1, Co is 6.49 ± 3.21 mg·kg−1, Cu is 17.19 ± 10.69 mg·kg−1, Cr is 18.68 ± 12.28 mg·kg−1, Hg is 0.083 ± 0.063 mg·kg−1, Ni is 12.05 ± 6.76 mg·kg−1, Pb is 14.10 ± 11.32 mg·kg−1 and Zn is 35.31 ± 14.63 mg·kg−1. These nine metals exceed the values of the natural geological background level of Tertiary period sediments and rocks that form part of the Northern Plateau in Spain. Nemerow and Potential Ecological Risk indices were calculated, with the “improved” Nemerow index allowing pollution within the soil superficial horizons to be determined. The data obtained indicated that the majority of the soil (54.61%) showed low to moderate contamination, 22.31% showed moderate contamination and 21.54% of the samples were not contaminated. If we consider the Potential of Ecological Risk Index (RI), the largest percentage of soil samples showed low (70.79%) to moderate (25.38%) ecological risk of potential contamination, where the rest of the soil presented a considerable risk of contamination. The nine trace elements were divided into three principal components: PC1 (Cu, Cr, Ni, Co and Zn), PC2 (As and Hg) and PC3 (Cd). All metals accumulated in the soil came from parent rock, agricultural practices and the run-off of residual waters towards rivers and streams caused by industrial development and an increase in population density. Finally, cartography of the spatial distribution of the heavy metal contents in the soil of the Northern Plateau of Spain was generated using Kriging interpolation methods. Furthermore, the total heavy metal contents in three soil orders present in the area, namely Entisols, Inceptisols, and Alfisols, were analyzed. Other soil parameters, such as the organic matter content, pH, clay content and cation exchange capacity, was measured to determine their influence on and correlation with the heavy metal contents.
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Corley M, Mutiti S. The Effects of Lead Species and Growth Time on Accumulation of Lead in Chinese Cabbage. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1600020. [PMID: 31565267 PMCID: PMC6607151 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201600020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A major pathway for heavy metal exposure in contaminated areas is via consumption of locally produced food. This study investigated the accumulation of lead in Chinese cabbage grown in contaminated soils and estimated the weekly dietary intake. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different growth times, concentrations, and lead species (carbonate, nitrate, and sulfide) on the uptake of lead in shoots. Results show that Chinese cabbage accumulated up to 38 mg kg-1 in the shoots. There was a significant difference in lead uptake by plants grown in soils with 400 mg kg-1 (Upper Critical Limit: UCL) and those grown in 600 mg kg-1 (Above Critical Limit: ACL) lead concentrations. However, there was no significant difference in the ACL shoots despite the different growth period. The cabbages grown for eight weeks (at UCL) had four times more lead than those grown for four weeks. The elemental form also affected lead uptake with the lead sulfide (mineral form) having the least uptake and lead carbonate (solution) having the highest. Calculated weekly dietary intake levels of lead were higher (above 0.28 mg kg-1 per human body weight) than the recommended levels for human consumption (0.025 mg kg-1 per human body weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Corley
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesGeorgia College and State UniversityCBX 081MilledgevilleGA31061USA
| | - Samuel Mutiti
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesGeorgia College and State UniversityCBX 081MilledgevilleGA31061USA
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci governing mercury accumulation in maize. Sci Rep 2017; 7:247. [PMID: 28325924 PMCID: PMC5427852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid development of urbanisation and industrialisation, heavy metal pollution has become a widespread environmental problem. Maize planted on mercury (Hg)-polluted soil can absorb and accumulate Hg in its edible parts, posing a potential threat to human health. To understand the genetic mechanism of Hg accumulation in maize, we performed a genome-wide association study using a mixed linear model on an association population consisting of 230 maize inbred lines with abundant genetic variation. The order of relative Hg concentrations in different maize tissues was as follows: leaves > bracts > stems > axes > kernels. Combined two locations, a total of 37 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with kernels, 12 with axes, 13 with stems, 27 with bracts and 23 with leaves were detected with p < 0.0001. Each significant SNP was calculated and the SNPs significant associated with kernels, axes, stems, bracts and leaves explained 6.96%–10.56%, 7.19%–15.87%, 7.11%–10.19%, 7.16%–8.71% and 6.91%–9.17% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Among the significant SNPs, nine co-localised with previously detected quantitative trait loci. This study will aid in the selection of Hg-accumulation inbred lines that satisfy the needs for pollution-safe cultivars and maintaining maize production.
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Demková L, Bobul'ská L, Árvay J, Jezný T, Ducsay L. Biomonitoring of heavy metals contamination by mosses and lichens around Slovinky tailing pond (Slovakia). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:30-36. [PMID: 27610744 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1221220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three moss (Pleurozium spp., Polytrichum spp., and Rhytidiadelphus spp.) and two lichen (Hypogymnia physodes and Pseudevernia furfuracea) taxons covered in the bags were used to monitor air quality. Bags were exposed at the different distances from the tailing pond because of insufficient security and source of heavy metal pollution. Moss/lichen bags were exposed for six weeks at 0-, 50-, 100-, 150- and 200-m distances from Slovinky tailing pond, in the main wind direction (down the valley). Accumulation ability of heavy metals expressed by relative accumulation factor (RAF) increases in the order of Polytrichum spp.<H. physodes <Pleurozium spp.<P. furfuracea <Rhytidiadelphus spp. Moss/lichen species showed different accumulation capacity for individual heavy metals. Rhytidiadelphus spp. was found to possess the significantly highest (P < 0.01) ability to accumulate Cd, Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe. The highest RAF values of Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe were determined in samples exposed at 200-m distance from pollution source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Demková
- a Department of Ecology , University of Prešov , Prešov , Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Bobul'ská
- b Department of Chemistry , Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Július Árvay
- b Department of Chemistry , Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Jezný
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Košice , Košice , Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Ducsay
- d Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition , Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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Esfandbod M, Merritt CR, Rashti MR, Singh B, Boyd SE, Srivastava P, Brown CL, Butler OM, Kookana RS, Chen C. Role of oxygen-containing functional groups in forest fire-generated and pyrolytic chars for immobilization of copper and nickel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:946-954. [PMID: 27836471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Char as a carbon-rich material, can be produced under pyrolytic conditions, wildfires or prescribed burn offs for fire management. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanistic interactions of copper (Cu2+) and nickel (Ni2+) with different chars produced by pyrolysis (green waste, GW; blue-Mallee, BM) and forest fires (fresh-burnt by prescribed fire, FC; aged char produced by wild fire, AC). The pyrolytic chars were more effective sorbents of Cu2+ (∼11 times) and Ni2+ (∼5 times) compared with the forest fire chars. Both cross-polarization (CPMAS-NMR) and Bloch decay (BDMAS-NMR) 13C NMR spectroscopies showed that forest fire chars have higher woody components (aromatic functional groups) and lower polar groups (e.g. O-alkyl C) compared with the pyrolytic chars. The polarity index was greater in the pyrolytic chars (0.99-1.34) than in the fire-generated chars (0.98-1.15), while aromaticity was lower in the former than in the latter. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies indicated the binding of carbonate and phosphate with both Cu2+ and Ni2+ in all chars, but with a greater extent in pyrolytic than forest fire-generated chars. These findings have demonstrated the key role of char's oxygen-containing functional groups in determining their sorption capacity for the Cu2+ and Ni2+ in contaminated lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfandbod
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Mehran Rezaei Rashti
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Balwant Singh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sue E Boyd
- Environmental Future Research Institute and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Christopher L Brown
- Environmental Future Research Institute and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Orpheus M Butler
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, P.M.B. No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Mbewe G, Mutondo M, Maseka K, Sichilongo K. Assessment of Heavy-Metal Pollution in Sediments and Tilapia Fish Species in Kafue River of Zambia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:383-393. [PMID: 27401599 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report results from an evaluation of the levels of heavy metals, i.e., copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe) in sediment and tilapia fish samples from a wide stretch of the Kafue river of Zambia. In sediment samples, the highest Pb and Fe concentrations were recorded at Hippo Dam, i.e., 36.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg dw and 733 ± 37 mg/kg dw at Kafue Town, respectively. Other notably high metal concentrations in sediment were Cr at Kafue Bridge (42.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg dw [dw]), Cu at Mpongwe (233 ± 5 mg/kg dw), and Mn at Kafue Town (133 ± 1 mg/kg dw); it was highest at Ithezi Tezhi Dam at 166 ± 1 mg/kg d. Three fish species, i.e., three-spot bream Tilapia andersonii, red-breasted bream T. rendalli, and nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated for levels of the seven metals. The concentrations of the metals in these fish species afforded estimation of the biota sediment-accumulation factor, which is the ratio of the concentration of the metal in liver to that in the sediment. The coefficients of condition (K) values, which give an indication of the health of the fish, were also estimated. The K values ranged from 2.5 ± 0.5 to 5.1 ± 0.6 in all of the three fish species. Partial least squares analysis showed that heavy metals are generally sequestered evenly in all of the parts of all of the three fish species except for elevated levels of Mn, Cd, and Pb in the liver samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezile Mbewe
- Department of Biology, Copperbelt University, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Moola Mutondo
- Department of Biology, Copperbelt University, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Kenneth Maseka
- Department of Chemistry, Copperbelt University, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Kwenga Sichilongo
- Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, PB UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Mungai TM, Owino AA, Makokha VA, Gao Y, Yan X, Wang J. Occurrences and toxicological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18533-18541. [PMID: 27291978 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration distribution and toxicological assessment of eight heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and zinc (Zn) in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa, were investigated in this study. The results showed mean concentrations of eight heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ni, Hg, and Cd in agricultural soils as 247.39, 26.87, 59.69, 88.59, 8.93, 12.56, 8.06, and 0.42 mg kg(-1), respectively. These mean values of eight heavy metals were close to the toxicity threshold limit of USEPA standard values of agricultural soils, indicating potential toxicological risk to the food chain. Pollution index values revealed that eight heavy metals severely decreased in the order Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cr and the mean value of the overall pollution index of Hg and Cd was 20.31, indicating severe agriculture ecological risk. Potential pollution sources of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils were mainly from anthropogenic activities and natural dissolution. The intensification of human agricultural activities, the growing industrialization, and the rapid urbanization largely influenced the concentration levels of heavy metals in Kenya, Eastern Africa. Moreover, the lack of agricultural normalization management and poor enforcement of environmental laws and regulations further intensified the widespread pollution of agricultural soils in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresiah Muciku Mungai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anita Awino Owino
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Victorine Anyango Makokha
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xue Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Sakizadeh M, Mirzaei R, Ghorbani H. The Extent and Prediction of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils of Shahrood and Damghan, Iran. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:770-776. [PMID: 26303873 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 12 heavy metals (Ag, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Tl, V, Zn) were considered in 229 soil samples in Semnan Province, Iran. To discriminate between natural and anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals, factor analysis was used. Seven factors accounting for 90.5 % of the total variance were extracted. The mining and agricultural activities along with geogenic sources have been attributed as the main causes of the levels of heavy metals in the study area. The partial least squares regression was utilized to predict the level of soil pollution index (SPI) considering the concentrations of 12 heavy metals. The eigenvectors from the first three PLS represented more than 98 % of the overall variance. The correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted SPI was 0.99 indicating the high efficiency of this method. The resultant coefficient of determination for three PLS components was 0.984 confirming the predictive ability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Sakizadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Shahid Shabanloo Avenue, Lavizan, Tehran, 1678815811, Iran.
| | - Rouhollah Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghorbani
- Water and Soil Department, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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Chen H, An J, Wei S, Gu J. Spatial Patterns and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils in a Resource-Exhausted City, Northeast China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137694. [PMID: 26413806 PMCID: PMC4586382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Northeast China is an intensive area of resource-exhausted city, which is facing the challenges of industry conversion and sustainable development. In order to evaluate the soil environmental quality influenced by mining activities over decades, the concentration and spatial distribution of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) in surface soils (0-20cm) of a typical resource-exhausted city were investigated by analyzing 306 soil samples. The results showed that the average concentrations in the samples were 6.17 mg/kg for As, 0.19 mg/kg for Cd, 51.08 mg/kg for Cr, 23.27 mg/kg for Cu, 31.15 mg/kg for Ni, 22.17 mg/kg for Pb, and 54.21 mg/kg for Zn. Metals distribution maps produced by using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method and results revealed that all investigated metals showed distinct geographical patterns, and the concentrations were higher in urban and industrial areas than in farmland. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations (p<0.05) between all of the metals, and As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were closely associated with the first principal component (PC1), which explained 39.81% of the total variance. Cu and As were mainly associated with the second component (PC2). Based on the calculated Nemerow pollution index, percentage for slightly polluted (1<P ≤ 2) surface soils were reached 57.33%, while 42.65% topsoil samples are moderate polluted (2<P≤ 3). According to the results above-mentioned, different soil environmental function areas were classified and proper soil environmental management policy was proposed to decrease the environmental risks in the process of industrial city transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang University, Shengyang, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Sorensen JPR, Lapworth DJ, Nkhuwa DCW, Stuart ME, Gooddy DC, Bell RA, Chirwa M, Kabika J, Liemisa M, Chibesa M, Pedley S. Emerging contaminants in urban groundwater sources in Africa. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:51-63. [PMID: 25172215 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging organic contaminants within the aquatic environment in Africa is currently unknown. This study provides early insights by characterising a broad range of emerging organic contaminants (n > 1000) in groundwater sources in Kabwe, Zambia. Groundwater samples were obtained during both the dry and wet seasons from a selection of deep boreholes and shallow wells completed within the bedrock and overlying superficial aquifers, respectively. Groundwater sources were distributed across the city to encompass peri-urban, lower cost housing, higher cost housing, and industrial land uses. The insect repellent DEET was ubiquitous within groundwater at concentrations up to 1.8 μg/L. Other compounds (n = 26) were detected in less than 15% of the sources and included the bactericide triclosan (up to 0.03 μg/L), chlorination by-products - trihalomethanes (up to 50 μg/L), and the surfactant 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol (up to 0.6 μg/L). Emerging contaminants were most prevalent in shallow wells sited in low cost housing areas. This is attributed to localised vulnerability associated with inadequate well protection, sanitation, and household waste disposal. The five-fold increase in median DEET concentration following the onset of the seasonal rains highlights that more mobile compounds can rapidly migrate from the surface to the aquifer suggesting the aquifer is more vulnerable than previously considered. Furthermore it suggests DEET is potentially useful as a wastewater tracer in Africa. There was a general absence of personal care products, life-style compounds, and pharmaceuticals which are commonly detected in the aquatic environment in the developed world. This perhaps reflects some degree of attenuation within the subsurface, but could also be a result of the current limited use of products containing emerging contaminants by locals due to unaffordability and unavailability. As development and population increases in Africa, it is likely a wider-range of emerging contaminants will be released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P R Sorensen
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - D J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - D C W Nkhuwa
- University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M E Stuart
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - D C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - R A Bell
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - M Chirwa
- University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - J Kabika
- University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M Liemisa
- Lukanga Water and Sewerage Company Limited, P.O. Box 81745, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - M Chibesa
- Lukanga Water and Sewerage Company Limited, P.O. Box 81745, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - S Pedley
- Robens Centre for Public and Environmental Health, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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50
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Numan MS, Brown JP, Michou L. Impact of air pollutants on oxidative stress in common autophagy-mediated aging diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2289-305. [PMID: 25690002 PMCID: PMC4344726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress is probably one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in most of the common autophagy-mediated aging diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's, disease, as well as Paget's disease of bone with or without frontotemporal dementia and inclusion body myopathy. Oxidative stress has serious damaging effects on the cellular contents: DNA, RNA, cellular proteins, and cellular organelles. Autophagy has a pivotal role in recycling these damaged non-functional organelles and misfolded or unfolded proteins. In this paper, we highlight, through a narrative review of the literature, that when autophagy processes are impaired during aging, in presence of cumulative air pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress and due to a direct effect on air pollutant, autophagy-mediated aging diseases may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saber Numan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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