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Hu J, Li S, Miao M, Li F. Characterization of the antibacterial and opsonic functions of the antimicrobial peptide LvCrustinVI from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105146. [PMID: 38316231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbial drug resistance is becoming increasingly severe due to antibiotic abuse. The development and utilization of antimicrobial peptides is one of the important ways to solve this difficult problem. Crustins are a family of antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans. Several types of crustins exist in shrimp and their activities vary greatly. In the present study, we studied the immune function of one newly identified crustin and found that the type VI crustin encoding gene in Litopenaeus vannamei (LvCrustinVI) was mainly expressed in gills. Its expression was significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection and knockdown of the gene promoted Vibrio proliferation in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, indicating that LvCrustinVI was involved in pathogens infection. The recombinant LvCrustinVI (rLvCrustinVI) showed strong inhibitory activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and exhibited binding activities with the bacteria and bacterial polysaccharides including Glu, LPS and PGN. In the presence of Ca2+, rLvCrustinVI showed a strong agglutination effect on V. parahaemolyticus and could significantly enhance the phagocytic ability of shrimp hemocytes against V. parahaemolyticus. In conclusion, LvCrustinVI played important roles as antimicrobial peptide and opsonin in the innate immune defense of L. vannamei. The study enriched our understanding of the functional activity of Crustin and provides an important basis for the development and utilization of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shihao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Miao Miao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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2
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Monod EC, Betancourt JL, Samms KA, Alkie TN, Walmsley CG, Rodríguez-Ramos T, DeWitte-Orr SJ, Dixon B. Immunostimulant effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and double-stranded (ds)RNA in Orconectes propinquus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109388. [PMID: 38244819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks in crustacean aquaculture caused by opportunistic and obligate pathogens cause severe economic losses to the industry. Antibiotics are frequently used as prophylactic treatments worldwide, although its overuse and misuse has led to microbial resistance, which has driven the search for novel molecules with immunostimulant and antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and double-stranded (ds)RNAs constitute promising immunostimulants in the fight against infectious diseases in aquaculture. Scientists have made significant progress in testing these molecules in aquatic organisms as potential candidates for replacing conventional antibiotics. However, most studies have been conducted in teleost fish, thus little is known about the immunostimulatory effects in crustaceans, especially in freshwater crayfishes. Consequently, in the present work, we evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of the AMP Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and high molecular weight (HMW) Poly (I:C) in the northern clearwater crayfish Orconectes propinquus. Two bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effects of different doses of PACAP and Poly (I:C) HMW, different administration routes, as well as the effects of the combined treatment on the crayfish immune system. Results showed the immunostimulatory role of PACAP and Poly (I:C) HMW with effects depending on the dose, the site of injection and the treatment assessed. These findings offer new insights into the crayfish immune system and contribute to the development of effective broad-spectrum immune therapies in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Monod
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - Kayla A Samms
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
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3
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Martínez-Ríos M, Martín-Torrijos L, Diéguez-Uribeondo J. Protocols for studying the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, and its host-pathogen interactions. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108018. [PMID: 37940036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The crayfish plague caused by the pathogen Aphanomyces astaci has decimated the European and Asian populations of freshwater crayfish and represents an important threat to the other highly susceptible crayfish species in the world, such as the Australian, Madagascar, and South American species. The development and application of molecular methods addressed to the identification of A. astaci has increased exponentially during the last decades in contrast to a slow trend of the pathogen biology and host interaction. There is still a need for a better comprehension of the A. astaci-crayfish interactions, specifically the resistance and tolerance immune mechanism. These types of studies required a robust basic knowledge on the developmental biology of the pathogen in order to reproduce life stages and to perform infection experiments. A great piece of work in this area was carried out during the 1960 s to 80 s in University of Uppsala. Thus, the purpose of this work was to update previous protocols as well as to generate new guidelines to reproduce key developmental biology stages of A. astaci, to eventually identify crayfish populations with higher resistance and tolerance to this pathogen. This work also refers to other methodologies and guidelines for the diagnosis of crayfish plague, the pathogen isolation, and the in vitro production of zoospores.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Ríos
- Mycology Department, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Martín-Torrijos
- Mycology Department, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Mengal K, Kor G, Kozák P, Niksirat H. Effects of environmental factors on the cellular and molecular parameters of the immune system in decapods. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111332. [PMID: 36241042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans and in particular decapods (i.e. shrimp, crabs and lobsters) are a diverse, commercially and ecologically important group of organisms. They are exposed to a range of environmental factors whose abiotic and biotic components are prone to fluctuate beyond their optimum ranges and, in doing so, affect crustaceans' immune system and health. Changes in key environmental factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia concentrations and pathogens can provoke stress and immune responses due to alterations in immune parameters. The mechanisms through which stressors mediate effects on immune parameters are not fully understood in decapods. Improved knowledge of the environmental factors - above all, their abiotic components - that influence the immune parameters of decapods could help mitigate or constrain their harmful effects that adversely affect the production of decapod crustaceans. The first part of this overview examines current knowledge and information gaps regarding the basic components and functions of the innate immune system of decapods. In the second part, we discuss various mechanisms provoked by environmental factors and categorize cellular and molecular immune responses to each environmental factor with special reference to decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayatullah Mengal
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Golara Kor
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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5
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Dolar A, Drobne D, Narat M, Jemec Kokalj A. Tire microplastics exposure in soil induces changes in expression profile of immune-related genes in terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120233. [PMID: 36152721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tire particles pose a potential threat to terrestrial organisms because they are deposited in large quantities in the soil by tire wear abrasion, and moreover their chemical complexity poses an additional risk. Microplastics can affect several physiological processes in organisms, including those related to immunity. Therefore, we investigated the expression profile of selected immune-related genes (MnSod, Manganese Superoxide dismutase; Cat, Catalase; CypG, Cyclophilin G; Nos, Nitric oxide synthase; Ppae2a, Prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme 2a; Dscam, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule; Myd88, Myeloid-differentiation factor 88; Toll4, Toll-like receptor 4; Mas-like, Masquerade-like protein) in haemocytes and the digestive gland hepatopancreas of terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber after two different time exposures (4 and 14 days) to tire particles in soil. Our results reveal for the first time the response of P. scaber after microplastic exposure at the transcriptome level. We observed time- and tissue-dependent changes in the expression of the analysed genes, with more pronounced alterations in haemocytes after 14 days of exposure. Some minor changes were also observed in hepatopancreas after 4 days. Changes in the expression profile of the analysed genes are a direct indication of a modulated immune status of the test organism, which, however, does not represent an adverse effect on the test organism under the given conditions. Nevertheless, the question remains whether the observed change in immune status affects the immunocompetence of the test organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Narat
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Söderhäll I, Söderhäll K. Blood cell formation in crustaceans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1335-1342. [PMID: 36216230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In crustacean animals the hemocytes are key players in immunity and of crucial importance for the health of the animals. Hemocytes are mainly produced in the hematopoietic tissue and from there released into the circulation where they finally mature. In this review we summarize the latest findings about crustacean hemocyte formation. The role of the extracellular matrix and crosslinking enzyme transglutaminase is discussed. Moreover, important growth factors, transcriptional regulation and recent findings about inducers of hematopoiesis are covered. Finally, we discuss the use of different markers for classification of crustacean hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Söderhäll
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Ou J, Liu Q, Bian Y, Luan X, Meng Y, Dong H, Cao M, Zhang B, Wang Z, Zhao W. Integrated analysis of mRNA and microRNA transcriptome related to immunity and autophagy in shrimp hemocytes infected with Spiroplasma eriocheiris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:436-452. [PMID: 36184970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the industry in charge of the cultivation of Macrobrachium nipponense (M.nipponense) has suffered significant economic losses due to an infectious pathogen called Spiroplasma eriocheiris (S.eriocheiris). There has therefore been a need to identify the key immune and autophagy genes that respond to M.nipponense's infection with S. eriocheiris to analyze its immune response mechanism and the regulation of related microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, the mRNA and miRNA transcriptome of M.nipponense's hemocytes were analyzed at different stages of infection. This analysis employed the second and third-generation sequencing technologies. In the mRNA transcriptome, 1656 genes were expressed in healthy and susceptible M.nipponense. 892 of these were significantly up-regulated, while 764 were down-regulated. 118 genes with significant differences in autophagy, endocytosis, lysosome, Toll, IMD, and VEGF pathways were obtained from the transcriptome. In the miRNA transcriptome, 312 miRNAs (Conserved: 112, PN-type: 18, PC-type: 182) were sequenced. 74 were significantly up-regulated, and 57 were down-regulated. There were 25 miRNAs involved in regulating the Toll and IMD pathways, 41 in endocytosis, 30 in lysosome, and 12 in the VEGF pathway. An integrated analysis of immune-related miRNAs and mRNAs showed that miRNAs with significant differences (P < 0.05) such as ame-miR-29b-3p, dpu-miR-1and PC-3p-945_4074, had corresponding regulatory relationships with 118 important immune genes such as Relish, Dorsal, Caspase-3, and NF-κB. This study obtained the key immune and autophagy-related genes and corresponding regulatory miRNAs in M. nipponense's hemocytes in response to an infection by S.eriocheiris. The results can provide vital data that further reveals the defense mechanism of M.nipponense's immune system against S.eriocheiris. It can also help further comprehension and interpretation of M.nipponense's resistance mechanism to the invading S.eriocheiris, and provide molecular research information for the realization of host-directed therapies (HDT) for M.nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yusuo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Huizi Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Benhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Zisheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
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Dai X, Sun M, Nie X, Zhao Y, Xu H, Han Z, Gao T, Huang X, Ren Q. A positive feedback loop between two C-type lectins originated from gene duplication and relish promotes the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Procambarus clarkii. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021121. [PMID: 36353630 PMCID: PMC9638144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication (GD) leads to the expansion of gene families that contributes organisms adapting to stress or environment and dealing with the infection of various pathogens. C-type lectins (CTLs) in crustaceans undergo gene expansion and participate in various immune responses. However, the functions of different CTL produced by GD are not fully characterized. In the present study, two CTL genes (designated as PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS, respectively) were identified from Procambarus clarkii. PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS originate from GD and the main difference between them is exon 3. PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS respectively contains EPS and QPS motif in their carbohydrate recognition domain. The mRNA levels of PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS in hemocytes, gills, intestine and lymph underwent time-dependent enhancement after D-Mannose and D-Galactose challenge. Recombinant PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS could bind to carbohydrates and microbes, and agglutinate bacteria. The results of experiments on recombinant protein injection and RNA interference indicate that PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS can respectively strong recognize and bind D-Mannose and D-Galactose, activate the Relish transcriptional factor, and further upregulate the expression of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition, these two CTLs and Relish could positively regulate the expression of each other, suggesting that there is a positive feedback loop between two CTLs and Relish that regulates the expression of AMPs. It may contribute to the expansion of the immune response for host quickly and efficiently eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. This study provides new knowledge for clear understanding the significance and function of different CTL generated by GD in immune defenses in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengling Sun
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ximei Nie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxiao Han
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianheng Gao, ; Xin Huang, ; Qian Ren,
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianheng Gao, ; Xin Huang, ; Qian Ren,
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianheng Gao, ; Xin Huang, ; Qian Ren,
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Burnett KG, Burnett LE. Immune Defense in Hypoxic Waters: Impacts of CO 2 Acidification. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:120-133. [PMID: 36548972 DOI: 10.1086/721322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodic episodes of low oxygen (hypoxia) and elevated CO2 (hypercapnia) accompanied by low pH occur naturally in estuarine environments. Under the influence of climate change, the geographic range and intensity of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia are predicted to increase, potentially jeopardizing the survival of economically and ecologically important organisms that use estuaries as habitat and nursery grounds. In this review we synthesize data from published studies that evaluate the impact of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia on the ability of crustaceans and bivalve molluscs to defend themselves against potential microbial pathogens. Available data indicate that hypoxia generally has suppressive effects on host immunity against bacterial pathogens as measured by in vitro and in vivo assays. Few studies have documented the effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on crustaceans or bivalve immune defense, with a range of outcomes suggesting that added CO2 might have additive, negative, or no interactions with the effects of hypoxia alone. This synthesis points to the need for more partial pressure of O2 × low pH factorial design experiments and recommends the development of new host∶pathogen challenge models incorporating natural transmission of a wide range of viruses, bacteria, and parasites, along with novel in vivo tracking systems that better quantify how pathogens interact with their hosts in real time under laboratory and field conditions.
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10
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Cui C, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Single-cell RNA-seq uncovered hemocyte functional subtypes and their differentiational characteristics and connectivity with morphological subpopulations in Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980021. [PMID: 36177045 PMCID: PMC9513592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocytes play central roles in shrimp immune system, whereas whose subclasses have not yet been completely defined. At present, the morphological classification of hemocytes is inadequate to classify the complete hemocyte repertoire and elucidate the functions and differentiation and maturation processes. Based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of hemocytes in healthy Litopenaeus vannamei, combined with RNA-FISH and flow cytometric sorting, we identified three hemocyte clusters including TGase+ cells, CTL+ cells and Crustin+ cells, and further determined their functional properties, potential differentiation trajectory and correspondence with morphological subpopulations. The TGase+ cells were mainly responsible for the coagulation, exhibiting distinguishable characteristics of hyalinocyte, and appeared to be developmentally arrested at an early stage of hemocyte differentiation. The CTL+ cells and Crustin+ cells arrested at terminal stages of differentiation mainly participated in recognizing foreign pathogens and initiating immune defense responses, owning distinctive features of granule-containing hemocytes. Furthermore, we have revealed the functional sub-clusters of three hemocyte clusters and their potential differentiation pathways according to the expression of genes involved in cell cycle, cell differentiation and immune response, and the successive differentiation and maturation of hyalinocytes to granule-containing hemocytes have also mapped. The results revealed the diversity of shrimp hemocytes and provide new theoretical rationale for hemocyte classification, which also facilitate systematic research on crustacean immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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11
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Boštjančić LL, Francesconi C, Rutz C, Hoffbeck L, Poidevin L, Kress A, Jussila J, Makkonen J, Feldmeyer B, Bálint M, Schwenk K, Lecompte O, Theissinger K. Host-pathogen coevolution drives innate immune response to Aphanomyces astaci infection in freshwater crayfish: transcriptomic evidence. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:600. [PMID: 35989333 PMCID: PMC9394032 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For over a century, scientists have studied host-pathogen interactions between the crayfish plague disease agent Aphanomyces astaci and freshwater crayfish. It has been hypothesised that North American crayfish hosts are disease-resistant due to the long-lasting coevolution with the pathogen. Similarly, the increasing number of latent infections reported in the historically sensitive European crayfish hosts seems to indicate that similar coevolutionary processes are occurring between European crayfish and A. astaci. Our current understanding of these host-pathogen interactions is largely focused on the innate immunity processes in the crayfish haemolymph and cuticle, but the molecular basis of the observed disease-resistance and susceptibility remain unclear. To understand how coevolution is shaping the host's molecular response to the pathogen, susceptible native European noble crayfish and invasive disease-resistant marbled crayfish were challenged with two A. astaci strains of different origin: a haplogroup A strain (introduced to Europe at least 50 years ago, low virulence) and a haplogroup B strain (signal crayfish in lake Tahoe, USA, high virulence). Here, we compare the gene expression profiles of the hepatopancreas, an integrated organ of crayfish immunity and metabolism. RESULTS We characterised several novel innate immune-related gene groups in both crayfish species. Across all challenge groups, we detected 412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the noble crayfish, and 257 DEGs in the marbled crayfish. In the noble crayfish, a clear immune response was detected to the haplogroup B strain, but not to the haplogroup A strain. In contrast, in the marbled crayfish we detected an immune response to the haplogroup A strain, but not to the haplogroup B strain. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the hepatopancreas as an important hub for the synthesis of immune molecules in the response to A. astaci. A clear distinction between the innate immune response in the marbled crayfish and the noble crayfish is the capability of the marbled crayfish to mobilise a higher variety of innate immune response effectors. With this study we outline that the type and strength of the host immune response to the pathogen is strongly influenced by the coevolutionary history of the crayfish with specific A. astaci strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudevit Luka Boštjančić
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Caterina Francesconi
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Christelle Rutz
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucien Hoffbeck
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Poidevin
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Kress
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Japo Jussila
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenny Makkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Present address: BioSafe - Biological Safety Solutions, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Odile Lecompte
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kathrin Theissinger
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
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12
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Huang X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Cao X, Wang D, Yan J, Wei T, Dai X, Xu Z, Ren Q. Characterization of four spliced isoforms of a transmembrane C-type lectin from Procambarus clarkii and their function in facilitating WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:1127-1138. [PMID: 35870750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin (CTL) is an important pattern recognition receptor that play vital functions in the innate immunity. Many soluble CTLs in crustacean participate in the inhibition or promotion of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. However, whether transmembrane CTLs participate in WSSV infection in crustacean remains unknown. In the present study, four spliced isoforms of a transmembrane CTL (designated as PcTlec) from Procambarus clarkii were identified for the first time. The genome structure of PcTlec contains eight exons, six known introns, and one unknown intron. PcTlec-isoform1 is produced by intron retention, whereas PcTlec-isoform3 and PcTlec-isoform4 are produced by exon skipping. All of them contain the transmembrane domain and characteristic carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Four PcTlec isoforms were mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestine. After WSSV challenge, the expression levels of PcTlec-isoform1-4 in the intestine were upregulated. The knockdown of the region shared by four PcTlec isoforms evidently decreased the expression of WSSV envelope protein VP28 and the copies of viral particles. A recombinant protein (rPcTlec-CRD) containing the CRD that was shared by four PcTlec isoforms was acquired by procaryotic expression system. The injection of purified rPcTlec-CRD protein evidently increased the VP28 expression and WSSV copies during viral infection. Moreover, rPcTlec-CRD could directly bind to WSSV and interact with VP28 protein. These findings indicate that new-found transmembrane CTL isoforms in P. clarkii may act as viral receptors that facilitate WSSV infection. This study contributes to the recognition and understanding of the functions of transmembrane CTLs in crustacean in the infection of host by WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xunyuan Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Tianxiang Wei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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13
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Zhu K, Yang F, Li F. Molecular markers for hemocyte subpopulations in crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 132:104407. [PMID: 35364134 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semigranular cells (SGCs) and granular cells (GCs) are two dominant groups of circulating hemocytes in crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Molecular markers are required for the clear classification of the hemocytes and the research of their function and differentiation. In this study, we compared the protein content of GCs and SGCs by using two workflows: one-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by LC-MS/MS and in-solution digestion of cell lysate followed by LC-MS/MS. Cell type-specific proteins were identified, and their expression in SGCs and GCs was further investigated by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. Three molecular markers for GCs (peroxinectin, a mannose-binding protein, and prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme 2a) and three molecular markers for SGCs (a vitelline membrane outer layer protein I-like protein, a C-type lectin, and a peptidase) were identified. The application of some of the markers in Eriocheir sinensis was also analyzed. These molecular markers are useful tools for the research of crustaceans hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, PR China.
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14
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Du J, Yue K, Peng Y, Ning Q. Crucial roles of a novel exoskeletal-derived lectin in innate immunity of the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:717-728. [PMID: 35253248 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As important pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectins play crucial roles in the crustacean innate immune system. In this study, a novel C-type lectin, designated as MnLec1, was obtained from the exoskeleton of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense for the first time. The full-length cDNA of MnLec1 was 1329 bp with an open reading frame of 774 bp. The predicted MnLec1 protein contains a single carbohydrate-recognition domain with an EPN/LND motif and one Ca2+ binding site-2. MnLec1 transcripts were widely detected in the tested tissues of M. nipponense and significantly up-regulated after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The recombinant MnLec1 protein was found to have a wide spectrum of binding activities towards various microorganisms, agglutinate two kinds of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and A. hydrophila) in a Ca2+ -independent manner. What's more, the survivability of prawns was significantly down-regulated after RNAi of MnLec1 when infected with A. hydrophila. Collectively, these findings suggest that MnLec1 from the exoskeleton might function as a PRR and play a crucial role in immune defense against invading pathogens in M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kaidi Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanxin Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianji Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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15
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Yang H, Ji T, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Wei W, Liu Q. Transcriptome profiles of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii hematopoietic tissue in response to WSSV challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:146-152. [PMID: 35124203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The crayfish Procambarus clarkii could achieve a high cumulative mortality after WSSV infections. To better understand the immune response to WSSV in hematopoietic tissue, the present study investigated the immunological response of P. clarkii and analyzed the expression of some hematopoietic cytokines. After assembly, there was an average of 47,712,411 clean reads were obtained in control and treatment groups. A total of 35,945 unigenes were discovered with N50 length of 1554 bp. Under functional classification, enrichment, and pathway analysis using different database, there were about 257 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, of which 139 were up-regulated and 118 were down-regulated. The GO function analysis of these DEGs were mostly participated in activation of immune response, complement activation, complement binding, negative regulation of humoral immune response and secretory granule membrane. Under KEGG analysis, these DEGs were involved in ECM-receptor interaction, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Thyroid hormone signaling pathway and Glucagon signaling pathway. The real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of 9 selected genes confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results. The present research provide for the first time the transcriptomic profile of P. clarkii hematopoietic tissue in response to WSSV infection and reveals the astakines may play important roles in antiviral immune response. The results of the present study will further enrich the theoretical basis of the crayfish immune system and provide new ideas for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Tongwei Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haoran Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiuning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China.
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16
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Luo K, Chen Y, Wang F. Shrimp Plasma MANF Works as an Invertebrate Anti-Inflammatory Factor via a Conserved Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1214-1223. [PMID: 35149533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, how anti-inflammatory factors evolved was largely unknown. In this study, we chose a marine invertebrate, Litopenaeus vannamei, as a model and identified that shrimp mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) was an LPS-induced plasma protein, which exerted its anti-inflammatory roles on shrimp hemocytes by suppressing ERK phosphorylation and Dorsal expression. In addition, we demonstrated that shrimp MANF could be associated with a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) to mediate negative regulation of ERK activation and Dorsal expression. More interestingly, shrimp RPTP-S overexpression in 293T cells could switch shrimp and human MANF-mediated ERK pathway activation to inhibition. In general, our results indicate that this conserved RPTP is the key component for extracellular MANF-mediated ERK pathway inhibition, which gives a possible explanation about why this neurotropic factor could both protect neuron cells from apoptosis and inhibit immune cell M1 activation in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China;
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- Shantou University-University Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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17
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Zhou K, Bai L, Nan X, Zhao K, Song Y, Li W, Wang Q. FADD regulates antibacterial immune responses via the immune deficiency signaling pathway in the Chinese mitten crab. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:104326. [PMID: 34856310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In invertebrates, innate immune responses are the only defense against invading pathogens. The immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway protects invertebrates from bacterial infection by secreting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) activates AMPs and triggers apoptosis. However, FADD's function in crustaceans is unclear. Herein, the full-length FADD cDNA (EsFADD) was cloned from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection upregulated EsFADD expression markedly. Knockdown of EsFADD in hemocytes suppressed the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of transcription factor Relish under V. parahaemolyticus stimulation, which in turn reduced the expression of several AMPs. In vivo, silencing of EsFADD rendered crabs susceptible to bacterial infection and impaired their bacterial clearance. The results suggest that EsFADD is indispensable in IMD signal transduction in E. sinensis. In contrast to Drosophila, EsFADD barely promoted apoptosis. Our findings revealed the evolutionary conservation of FADD in crustaceans and provided insights into IMD signaling in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Zhou
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Longwei Bai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xingyu Nan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Song
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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18
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Punginelli D, Schillaci D, Mauro M, Deidun A, Barone G, Arizza V, Vazzana M. The potential of antimicrobial peptides isolated from freshwater crayfish species in new drug development: A review. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104258. [PMID: 34530039 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The much-publicised increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics has focused research effort on the characterization of new antimicrobial drugs. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) extracted from animals are considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, freshwater crayfish species have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds. In fact, these invertebrates rely on an innate immune system based on cellular responses and on the production of important effectors in the haemolymph, such as AMPs, which are produced and stored in granules in haemocytes and released after stimulation. These effectors are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we summarise the recent progress on AMPs isolated from the several species of freshwater crayfish and their prospects for future pharmaceutical applications to combat infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Punginelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alan Deidun
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Wang Y, Hong D, Yao J, Tan H, Wang S, Li J, Luo Y, Wang D, Liu S. Comparative transcriptome preliminary reveals the molecular mechanism of the growth rate of Procambarus clarkii. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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20
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Yang H, Jiang Y, Lu K, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Wei W. Herbicide atrazine exposure induce oxidative stress, immune dysfunction and WSSV proliferation in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131227. [PMID: 34147975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is considered as a potential environmental endocrine disruptors and exhibits various toxic effects on animals. It has a great impact in the aquatic ecosystems, but there are few studies on its immunotoxicity in crustaceans. In the present study, the Procambarus clarkii were utilized to assess the immune toxicity after 0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L atrazine exposure. A significant decrease in total hemocytes count (THC) was observed at 5 mg/L atrazine exposure throughout the experiment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly inhibited, but the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were up-regulated, indicating the potential oxidative stress. The analysis of the integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed the induction of oxidative stress biomarkers and the inhibition of antioxidants. After 5 mg/L atrazine exposure for 144 h, the integrity of crayfish hepatopancreas was destroyed with disappeared connections between tubules and increased liver tubules vacuoles. The relative expression levels of different immune genes in hepatopancreas after atrazine exposure were measured. Most of these genes were suppressed and exhibited a certain dose-dependent effect. The results of crayfish white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication shown the amount of virus in muscle was significantly higher and exhibited a higher mortality rate at 5 mg/L group than other groups. The present study determined the impact of atrazine exposure on WSSV outbreaks, and also provide an important basis for further assessing the occurrence of pesticides on diseases of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yinan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyuan Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haoran Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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21
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Dragičević P, Grbin D, Maguire I, Blažević SA, Abramović L, Tarandek A, Hudina S. Immune Response in Crayfish Is Species-Specific and Exhibits Changes along Invasion Range of a Successful Invader. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1102. [PMID: 34827095 PMCID: PMC8615248 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunity is an important component of invasion success since it enables invaders' adaptation to conditions of the novel environment as they expand their range. Immune response of invaders may vary along the invasion range due to encountered parasites/microbial communities, conditions of the local environment, and ecological processes that arise during the range expansion. Here, we analyzed changes in the immune response along the invasion range of one of the most successful aquatic invaders, the signal crayfish, in the recently invaded Korana River, Croatia. We used several standard immune parameters (encapsulation response, hemocyte count, phenoloxidaze activity, and total prophenoloxidaze) to: i) compare immune response of the signal crayfish along its invasion range, and between species (comparison with co-occurring native narrow-clawed crayfish), and ii) analyze effects of specific predictors (water temperature, crayfish abundance, and body condition) on crayfish immune response changes. Immune response displayed species-specificity, differed significantly along the signal crayfish invasion range, and was mostly affected by water temperature and population abundance. Specific immune parameters showed density-dependent variation corresponding to increased investment in them during range expansion. Obtained results offer baseline insights for elucidating the role of immunocompetence in the invasion success of an invertebrate freshwater invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dragičević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (I.M.); (S.A.B.); (L.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Dorotea Grbin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva Ulica 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Maguire
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (I.M.); (S.A.B.); (L.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Sofia Ana Blažević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (I.M.); (S.A.B.); (L.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Lucija Abramović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (I.M.); (S.A.B.); (L.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anita Tarandek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (I.M.); (S.A.B.); (L.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (I.M.); (S.A.B.); (L.A.); (A.T.)
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22
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Capanni F, Greco S, Tomasi N, Giulianini PG, Manfrin C. Orally administered nano-polystyrene caused vitellogenin alteration and oxidative stress in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:147984. [PMID: 34118657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (≤100 nm) represent the smallest fraction of plastic litter and may result in the aquatic environment as degradation products of larger plastic material. To date, few studies focused on the interactions of micro- and nanoplastics with freshwater Decapoda. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard, 1852) is an invasive species able to tolerate highly perturbed environments. As a benthic opportunistic feeder, this species may be susceptible to plastic ingestion. In this study, adult P. clarkii, at intermolt stage, were exposed to 100 μg of 100 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) through diet in a 72 h acute toxicity test. An integrated approach was conceived to assess the biological effects of PS NPs, by analyzing both transcriptomic and physiological responses. Total hemocyte counts, basal and total phenoloxidase activities, glycemia and total protein concentration were investigated in crayfish hemolymph at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h from PS NPs administration to evaluate general stress response over time. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hemocytes and hepatopancreas were analyzed to ascertain the response of crayfish to PS NP challenge after 72 h. At a physiological level, crayfish were able to compensate for the induced stress, not exceeding generic stress thresholds. The RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed the altered expression of few genes involved in immune response, oxidative stress, gene transcription and translation, protein degradation, lipid metabolism, oxygen demand, and reproduction after PS NPs exposure. This study suggests that a low concentration of PS NPs may induce mild stress in crayfish, and sheds light on molecular pathways possibly involved in nanoplastic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capanni
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Samuele Greco
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Noemi Tomasi
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piero G Giulianini
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Chiara Manfrin
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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23
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Nordheim CL, Grim JM, McMahon TA. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) exposure damages gill tissue and inhibits crayfish respiration. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 146:67-73. [PMID: 34617512 DOI: 10.3354/dao03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogenic fungus known to infect amphibians and crayfish. In crayfish, Bd causes gill tissue damage, and in some cases, mortality. Most research has focused on the amphibian-Bd system, so to date, little is known about the effects of Bd on the crayfish host. Here, we studied the effects of sublethal exposure to Bd and the metabolites produced by Bd on crayfish Procambarus alleni survival, gill damage, and oxygen consumption (as a proxy for mass-specific metabolic rate). Oxygen consumption increased 24 h post-exposure to live Bd, indicative of a stress response, followed by a decrease in oxygen consumption over time (χ21 = 6.39, p = 0.012). There was no difference in response when comparing the crayfish exposure to live Bd and Bd-metabolites alone (χ21 = 2.70, p = 0.101), indicating that the metabolites may have been the causative agent responsible for the response. Additionally, oxygen consumption decreased with gill damage (tissue recession) in Bd-exposed individuals. We found that high doses of Bd cause outright mortality in crayfish, and we show here that sublethal Bd-induced inhibition of oxygen consumption could negatively impact crayfish in the field, possibly reducing their overall fitness. More research is needed to understand this understudied host-parasite system. It is essential that we incorporate the disease dynamics associated with Bd and crayfish in conservation disease models, as this is the only way to develop comprehensive community-based models.
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24
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Huang L, Wu BL, He JX, Zhang Y, Chen J, Chen XJ. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the lysosomal cathepsin D-like gene in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Genome 2021; 64:1041-1051. [PMID: 34323597 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspartic proteinases are one of the four families of proteinase enzymes that are widely present in living organisms. They are involved in various physiological events, such as protein degradation, development, and host defense. However, the characterization and functional roles of aspartic proteinases remain to be elucidated in crustaceans. Here, we characterized a fragment of cathepsin D-like cDNA from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-cathepsin D-like). The open reading frame of the Pc-cathepsin D-like gene contained 1152 bp, encoding a protein of 383 amino acid residues. We also evaluated the immunological role of the Pc-cathepsin D-like gene in vivo. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that the Pc-cathepsin D-like mRNA was high in the hepatopancreas, followed by the gut, gills, and hemocytes of P. clarkii. The expression levels of the Pc-cathepsin D-like gene increased following challenge with viral (polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid) and bacterial (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan) PAMPs compared with PBS injection. The suppression of the Pc-cathepsin D-like gene by RNA interference significantly increased the expression of immune-associated genes. These results showed that the Pc-cathepsin D-like gene has an essential biological role in innate immune responses because it regulates the expression of immune-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ben-Li Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ji-Xiang He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xia-Jun Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisher Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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Ekblom C, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Early Changes in Crayfish Hemocyte Proteins after Injection with a β-1,3-glucan, Compared to Saline Injected and Naive Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6464. [PMID: 34208769 PMCID: PMC8234337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early changes in hemocyte proteins in freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, in response to an injection with the fungal pattern recognition protein β-1,3-glucan (laminarin) were investigated, as well as changes after saline (vehicle) injection and in naïve animals. Injection of saline resulted in rapid recruitment of granular hemocytes from surrounding tissues, whereas laminarin injection on the other hand induced an initial dramatic drop of hemocytes. At six hours after injection, the hemocyte populations therefore were of different composition. The results show that mature granular hemocytes increase in number after saline injection as indicated by the high abundance of proteins present in granular cell vesicles, such as a vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog, mannose-binding lectin, masquerade, crustin 1 and serine protease homolog 1. After injection with the β-1,3-glucan, only three proteins were enhanced in expression, in comparison with saline-injected animals and uninjected controls. All of them may be associated with immune responses, such as a new and previously undescribed Kazal proteinase inhibitor. One interesting observation was that the clotting protein was increased dramatically in most of the animals injected with laminarin. The number of significantly affected proteins was very few after a laminarin injection when compared to uninjected and saline-injected crayfish. This finding may demonstrate some problematic issues with gene and protein expression studies from other crustaceans receiving injections with pathogens or pattern recognition proteins. If no uninjected controls are included and no information about hemocyte count (total or differential) is given, expressions data for proteins or mRNAs are very difficult to properly interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Ekblom
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
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26
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Bouallegui Y. A Comprehensive Review on Crustaceans' Immune System With a Focus on Freshwater Crayfish in Relation to Crayfish Plague Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667787. [PMID: 34054837 PMCID: PMC8155518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater crayfish immunity has received great attention due to the need for urgent conservation. This concern has increased the understanding of the cellular and humoral defense systems, although the regulatory mechanisms involved in these processes need updating. There are, however, aspects of the immune response that require clarification and integration. The particular issues addressed in this review include an overall description of the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of the pandemic plague disease, which affects freshwater crayfish, and an overview of crustaceans' immunity with a focus on freshwater crayfish. It includes a classification system of hemocyte sub-types, the molecular factors involved in hematopoiesis and the differential role of the hemocyte subpopulations in cell-mediated responses, including hemocyte infiltration, inflammation, encapsulation and the link with the extracellular trap cell death pathway (ETosis). In addition, other topics discussed include the identity and functions of hyaline cells, the generation of neoplasia, and the emerging topic of the role of sessile hemocytes in peripheral immunity. Finally, attention is paid to the molecular execution of the immune response, from recognition by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the role of the signaling network in propagating and maintaining the immune signals, to the effector elements such as the putative function of the Down syndrome adhesion molecules (Dscam) in innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bouallegui
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
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27
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Liu LK, Liu MJ, Li DL, Liu HP. Recent insights into anti-WSSV immunity in crayfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103947. [PMID: 33253753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is currently the most severely viral pathogen for farmed crustaceans such as shrimp and crayfish, which has been causing huge economic losses for crustaceans farming worldwide every year. Unfortunately, study on the molecular mechanisms of WSSV has been restricted by the lack of crustacean cell lines for WSSV propagation as well as the incompletely annotated genomes for host species, resulting in limited elucidation for WSSV pathogenesis at present. In addition to the findings of anti-WSSV response in shrimp, some of novel cellular events involved in WSSV infection have been recently revealed in crayfish, including endocytosis and intracellular transport of WSSV, innate immune pathways in response to WSSV infection, and regulation of viral gene expression by host genes. Despite these advances, many fundamental gaps in WSSV pathogenesis are still remaining, for example, how WSSV genome enters into nucleus and how the progeny virions are fully assembled in the host cell nucleus. In this review, recent findings in WSSV infection mechanism and the antiviral immunity against WSSV in crayfish are summarized and discussed, which may provide us a better understanding of the WSSV pathogenesis as well as new ideas for the target design of antiviral drugs against WSSV in crustaceans farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ke Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Man-Jun Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-Li Li
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
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28
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Liu M, Chen C, Wu QC, Chen JL, Dai LS, Hui Chu S, Liu QN. Chitinase involved in immune regulation by mediated the toll pathway of crustacea Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 110:67-74. [PMID: 33383178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase can degrade chitin and play an essential role in animal immunity and plant defense. The immune functions of Chitinase in Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii) remain to elucidate. Here, we identified PcChitinase 2 gene sequence from P. clarkii and studied its spatial and temporal expression profiles. The PcChitinase 2 transcribed unequally in different tissues; however, its expression was highest in those of stomach, gut, and hepatopancreas. The challenge with lipolysaccharide or peptidoglycan significantly up-regulated the expression of PcChitinase 2 in hepatopancreas. The knockdown of the PcChitinase 2 gene by double-stranded RNA suppressed most of the Toll-pathway-related immune genes (phospholipase, lectin, sptazle Cactus, serine proteikinase, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, and Toll) production were significantly increased. Our results suggest PcChitinase 2 may be involved in the innate immune responses of P. clarkii by modulating the toll pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China; School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road 230036, PR China
| | - Qi-Cheng Wu
- School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Sheng Hui Chu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China; School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fishery Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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29
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Hernández-Pérez A, Söderhäll K, Sirikharin R, Jiravanichpaisal P, Söderhäll I. Vibrio areninigrae as a pathogenic bacterium in a crustacean. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 178:107517. [PMID: 33333063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of infectious diseases poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Therefore, characterization of potentially harmful pathogens is one of the most important strategies to control disease outbreaks. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the pathogenicity of two Vibrio species, Vibrio metschnikovii, a foodborne pathogen that causes fatalities in humans, and Vibrio areninigrae, a bacteria isolated from black sand in Korea, using a crustacean model, the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Mortality challenges indicated that injection of V. metschnikovii (108 CFU/crayfish) has a mortality percentage of 22% in crayfish. In contrast, injection of P. leniusculus with 108 or 107 CFU of V. areninigrae resulted in 100% mortality within one and two days post-injection, respectively. V. areninigrae was successfully re-isolated from hepatopancreas of infected crayfish and caused 100% mortality when reinjected into new healthy crayfish. As a consequence of this infection, histopathological analysis revealed nodule formation in crayfish hepatopancreas, heart, and gills, as well as sloughed cells inside hepatopancreatic tubules and atrophy. Moreover, extracellular crude products (ECP's) were obtained from V. areninigrae in order to investigate putative virulence factors. In vivo challenges with ECP's caused >90% mortalities within the first 24 h. In vitro challenges with ECP's of hemocytes induced cytotoxicity of hemocytes within the first hour of exposure. These findings represent the first report that V. areninigrae is a highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause disease in crustaceans. On the contrary, V. metschnikovii could not represent a threat for freshwater crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ratchanok Sirikharin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Irene Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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30
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Dai LS, Kausar S, Gul I, Zhou HL, Abbas MN, Deng MJ. Molecular characterization of a heat shock protein 21 (Hsp21) from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii in response to immune stimulation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103755. [PMID: 32526290 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are a molecular chaperone and implicated in various physiological and stress processes in animals. However, the immunological functions of Hsp genes remain to elucidate in the crustaceans, particularly in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Here we report the cloning of heat shock protein 21 from the P. clarkii (hereafter Pc-Hsp21). The open reading frame of Pc-Hsp21 was 555 base pairs, encoding a protein of 184 amino acid residues with an alpha-crystallin family domain. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed a constitutive transcript expression of Pc-Hsp21 in the tested tissue, with the highest in hepatopancreas. The transcript abundance for this gene enhanced in hepatopancreas following immune challenge with the lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and poly I:C compared to the control group. The depletion of Pc-Hsp21 by double-stranded RNA altered transcript expression profiles of several genes in hepatopancreas, genes involved in the crucial immunological pathways of P. clarkii. These results suggest that Pc-Hsp21 plays an essential biological role in the microbial stress response by modulating the expression of immune-related genes in P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hai-Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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31
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Yu XM, Chen JL, Abbas MN, Gul I, Kausar S, Dai LS. Characterization of the cathepsin D in Procambarus clarkii and its biological role in innate immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103766. [PMID: 32525034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D belongs to aspartic protease family, produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and then transported to lysosomes, where it participates in various physiological processes. Despite its importance, only a few reports available on the functional role of cathepsin D in crustaceans. Herein, we cloned a cDNA fragment of cathepsin D from the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-cathepsin D) for the first time. It included 1158 base pairs open reading frame, encoding a protein of 385 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis confirmed the presence of aspartic proteinase active sites and N glycosylation sites. Pc-cathepsin D mRNA expression was high in the gills followed by gut, heart, hepatopancreas of P. clarkii. At different time points post-infection with lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic polycytidylic acid, Pc-cathepsin D mRNA expression significantly enhanced compared with the control group. Knockdown of the Pc-cathepsin D by double-stranded RNA, strikingly, changed the expression of all the tested P. clarkii immune-associated genes, including Pc-Toll, Pc-lectin, Pc-cactus, Pc-anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, Pc-phospholipase, and Pc-sptzale. Altogether, these results suggest that Pc-cathepsin D is needed to confer innate immunity against microbial pathogens by modulating the expression of crucial transcripts that encode immune-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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Li B, Yang BB, Shen XL, Wang K, Wei Z, Du ZQ. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) like gene involved in antibacterial innate immune of fresh water crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:517-526. [PMID: 32589929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In invertebrates, innate immunity was the crucial defending pattern against pathogenic microorganisms. For the past few years, Toll or Toll like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway was studied extensively in crustaceans. Among the components of Toll or Toll like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) acted as an important cytoplasmic adaptor, which was conserved from Drosophila to human. In this study, a new traf6 like gene was cloned from hepatopancreas of P. clarkii. After challenged respectively by S. aureus or E. ictaluri, the expression profiles were studied. And the results showed that the mRNA transcript of Pc-traf6 like gene was up-regulated significantly in the hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and intestine of crayfish. After Pc-traf6 like gene was knocked down, the expression levels of transcription factor (Dorsal) and some crucial immunity effectors (ALF 3, Lysozyme 1, Lectin 1, and Crustin 2) in TLRs signaling pathway were dramatically suppressed. Simultaneously, the survival rate of crayfish challenged respectively by S. aureus or E. ictaluri was significantly decreased in RNAi assay. All these results indicated that Pc-traf6 like gene played an important role in regulating the expression of downstream effectors in the TLRs signaling pathway of crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, 014010, China
| | - Bing-Bing Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, 014010, China
| | - Xiu-Li Shen
- Library, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, 014010, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, 014010, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, 014010, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, 014010, China.
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Zhang XW, Han KK, Yang CH, Xia XH, Ren Q, Zhang HW. A stomach-specific lectin plays a crucial role in the innate immunity of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:285-292. [PMID: 32439506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) play important roles in innate immune system of crustaceans as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this study, a novel CTL gene was obtained from the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, designated as PcLec. PcLec encodes a peptide with 175 amino acids, with a signal peptide and a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The PcLec transcripts were specifically expressed in crayfish stomach and were induced by bacterial challenge. In vitro assays with recombinant PcLec protein revealed that it had bacterial binding activity, polysaccharide binding activity, bacterial agglutination activity, and antimicrobial activity. Most importantly, PcLec knockdown significantly impaired the survivability of crayfish upon oral infection with its pathogen A. hydrophila. According to these results, we infer that the PcLec plays a crucial role in antibacterial defense of crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Ke-Ke Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Cong-Hui Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Division of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Sirikharin R, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. The N-terminal peptide generated after activation of prophenoloxidase affects crayfish hematopoiesis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103687. [PMID: 32220618 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The circulating hemocytes of invertebrates are important mediators of immunity, and hemocyte homeostasis is of high importance for survival and health of crustaceans. The prophenoloxidase (proPO)-activating system is one of the most essential immune reactions, which can be activated by pattern recognition proteins from microorganisms. Activation of proPO by the proPO activating enzyme generates an N-terminal peptide, with cleavage site after Arg176, as well as the active enzyme phenoloxidase, which is the key enzyme for melanization. In the present study we demonstrate a role for the N-terminal proPO-peptide in hematopoiesis. Injection of this proPO-peptide increased the number of circulating hemocytes and especially granular hemocytes. We also show that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the anterior proliferative center was enhanced after proPO peptide injection, which is a prerequisite for rapid hemocyte release from the hematopoietic tissue. Moreover, this peptide had an effect on ROS production in in vitro cultured hematopoietic cells and induced spreading of these cells within 72 h. Taken together, our findings show a role of the N-terminal proPO peptide in stimulation of hematopoiesis in crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanok Sirikharin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hernández-Pérez A, Noonin C, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole increase crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus susceptibility to White Spot Syndrome Virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:177-184. [PMID: 32311459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics used for humans and livestock are emerging as pollutants in aquatic environments. However, little is known about their effect on aquatic organisms, especially in crustaceans. In the present study, the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was exposed during 21 days to environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (100 ng/L and 1 μg/L). Subsequently, the crayfish susceptibility to infection was evaluated by using White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) challenge, a well-known crustacean pathogen. The median survival time of the infected crayfish exposed to 100 ng/L SMX was one day, whereas the control and the group exposed to 1 μg/L SMX survived for two and three days, respectively. In order to elucidate the effect of SMX upon the crayfish immune response, new sets of crayfish were exposed to the same SMX treatments to evaluate mRNA levels of immune-related genes which are expressed and present in hemocytes and intestine, and to perform total and differential hemocyte counts. These results show a significant down-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Crustin 3 in hemocytes from the 100 ng/L SMX group, as well as a significant up-regulation of the AMP Crustin 1 in intestines from the 1 μg/L SMX group. Semigranular and total hemocyte cell number were observed to be significantly lower after exposure to 100 ng/L SMX in comparison with the control group. The present study demonstrates that environmentally relevant SMX concentrations in the water at 100 ng/L led to an increased WSSV susceptibility, that may have been caused by a reduction of circulating hemocytes. Nevertheless, SMX concentrations of 1 μg/L could marginally and for a few days have an immunostimulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Li CS, Kausar S, Gul I, Yao XX, Li MY, Chen CC, Abbas MN, Dai LS. Heat shock protein 20 from Procambarus clarkii is involved in the innate immune responses against microbial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103638. [PMID: 32017956 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (shsps) are conserved across invertebrate species. They are implicated in the modulation of various biological processes, such as immune responses, abiotic stress tolerance metamorphosis, and embryonic development. Herein, we identified a heat shock protein 20 from the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (named as Pc-Hsp20), and performed in vivo studies to elucidate its physiological functions in the innate immunity. The open reading frame of Pc-Hsp20 was 609 base pair, encoding a protein of 202 amino acid residues with a hsp20/alpha crystallin family domain. Pc-Hsp20 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues; however, it was highest in the hepatopancreas. The challenge with immune elicitors remarkably enhanced the transcript level of Pc-Hsp20 in the hepatopancreas when compared with the control. Administration of double-stranded RNA could significantly reduce expression of the Pc-Hsp20 mRNAs, and most of the immune-related genes expression enhanced with a variable concentration in the hepatopancreas. Altogether, these results suggest that Pc-Hsp20 may participate in innate immunity against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Meng-Yi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Cheng-Chun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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Vogt G. Cytopathology and immune response in the hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 138:41-88. [PMID: 32103822 DOI: 10.3354/dao03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans is used as an example to illustrate the range of cytopathologies, detoxification mechanisms, and immune responses that environmental toxicants and pathogens can induce in a single organ. The hepatopancreas is the central metabolic organ of decapods and consists of hundreds of blindly-ending tubules and intertubular spaces. The tubular epithelium contains 5 structurally and functionally different cell types, and the interstitium contains haemolymph, haemocytes, connective tissue, and fixed phagocytes. Some physiological conditions such as moulting and starvation cause marked but reversible ultrastructural alterations of the epithelial cells. Environmental toxicants induce either detoxification mechanisms or structural damage in cells, depending on toxicant and concentration. The hepatopancreas is also a main target organ for pathogens, mainly viruses, bacteria, and protists that enter the body via the digestive tract and gills and replicate in the hepatopancreatocytes. The cytopathologies caused by toxicants and pathogens affect single cell types specifically or, more often, several cell types simultaneously. Pathogenesis often begins in a certain cell organelle such as the nucleus, mitochondrion, or endoplasmic reticulum, spreads to other organelles, and ends with death of the infected cell. Fixed phagocytes in the interstitium capture and degrade pathogens that move from the infected tubules into the intertubular spaces or enter the hepatopancreas via circulation. Relatively few disease agents elicit the melanisation and encapsulation reaction that encloses infected tubules by a rigid melanised capsule and kills the entrapped pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Tao M, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. A novel WSSV responsive plasma protein from Litopenaeus vannamei contributes to hemocytes anti-apoptosis. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:113-121. [PMID: 32113131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei, as an important marine aquaculture species, has attracted more and more attentions in past several years. More recently people got its genome fine mapping, which unveiled a gene treasure. In this study, we have identified a novel trypsin-like protein which came from previous WSSV-infected shrimp plasma iTRAQ data. This protein is a 39 kDa protein with 363 amino acids. It contains a conserved trypsin-domain and could be strongly induced with WSSV infection. Interestingly, knockdown of this protein made shrimps vulnerable to WSSV infection. Further exploration unveiled that this fragility was probably due to the fact that knockdown of this protein could cause shrimp hemocytes apoptosis, which indicated that this protein played key roles in preventing shrimp hemocytes from apoptosis. To further explore how LvTLAP protected shrimp hemocytes from apoptosis, GST pull down assay was applied to screen LvTLAP interacting protein in shrimp plasma. L. vannamei growth and transformation-dependent-like protein (LvGTD-like protein) was identified as a LvTLAP interacting protein, which played proapoptotic roles in cells. Thus, a possible explanation for LvTLAP anti-apoptosis activity was that this protein could block LvGTD-like protein proapoptotic activity to protect shrimp hemocytes from death. In general, our study has uncovered a novel WSSV responsive shrimp plasma protein, which played key roles in shrimp hemocytes anti-apoptosis and shrimp against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yuqin Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Abstract
Lipoproteins mediate the transport of apolar lipids in the hydrophilic environment of physiological fluids such as the vertebrate blood and the arthropod hemolymph. In this overview, we will focus on the hemolymph lipoproteins in Crustacea that have received most attention during the last years: the high density lipoprotein/β-glucan binding proteins (HDL-BGBPs), the vitellogenins (VGs), the clotting proteins (CPs) and the more recently discovered large discoidal lipoproteins (dLPs). VGs are female specific lipoproteins which supply both proteins and lipids as storage material for the oocyte for later use by the developing embryo. Unusual within the invertebrates, the crustacean yolk proteins-formerly designated VGs-are more related to the ApoB type lipoproteins of vertebrates and are now termed apolipocrustaceins. The CPs on the other hand, which are present in both sexes, are related to the (sex specific) VGs of insects and vertebrates. CPs serve in hemostasis and wound closure but also as storage proteins in the oocyte. The HDL-BGBPs are the main lipid transporters, but are also involved in immune defense. Most crustacean lipoproteins belong to the family of the large lipid transfer proteins (LLTPs) such as the intracellular microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, the VGs, CPs and the dLPs. In contrast, the HDL-BGBPs do not belong to the LLTPs and their relationship with other lipoproteins is unknown. However, they originate from a common precursor with the dLPs, whose functions are as yet unknown. The majority of lipoprotein studies have focused on decapod crustaceans, especially shrimps, due to their economic importance. However, we will present evidence that the HDL-BGBPs are restricted to the decapod crustaceans which raises the question as to the main lipid transporting proteins of the other crustacean groups. The diversity of crustaceans lipoproteins thus appears to be more complex than reflected by the present state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hoeger
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sven Schenk
- MAX F. PERUTZ LABORATORIES, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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Liu M, Liu L, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Zhang JW, Ye ZZ, Qian XY, Zhao XM, Chu SH, Dai LS. Involvement of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103405. [PMID: 31145913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key biological role in the immune responses and involves in the processing of class II MHC-restricted antigen by stimulating disulfide bond reduction in mammals. To determine the biological function of GILT in the innate immune system of crustaceans, we sequenced and cloned GILT gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-GILT). The deduced amino acid sequence of Pc-GILT contained the putative conserved structures of the GILT family proteins: the GILT signature (CQHGX2ECX2NX4C) sequence and the active site (CXXS) motif. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis suggested that a recombinant Pc-GILT protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Pc-GILT transcript level was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by the gut, heart and muscles. Additionally, we analyzed the transcription level of Pc-GILT gene in hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish under biotic stress conditions. The expression of Pc-GILT gene upregulated after viral (poly I:C) and bacterial (peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide) infection. The suppression of Pc-GILT by double stranded RNA influenced the transcript levels of various immune-related genes. These observations indicate that the Pc-GILT probably plays a key biological role in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, since it modulates the expression of genes associated with immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, 242000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ze Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xing-Yi Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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Söderhäll I, Junkunlo K. A comparative global proteomic analysis of the hematopoietic lineages in the crustacean Pacifastacus leniusculus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:170-178. [PMID: 30481524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans as in other arthropods, the circulating hemocytes are vital for protecting the animal against attacking microorganisms. As many hemocytes are destroyed early during an infection, new hemocytes must fast get in place to prevent disperse of a pathogenic microbe, In order to understand the hematopoietic process in more detail we here report a complete proteomic analysis from purified cell types from the APC of the hematopoietic tissue, via the remaining parts of the HPT to the mature semigranular and granular hemocytes. Several possible cell type specific proteins are detected and new putative biomarkers within the crayfish hematopoietic lineage that can be used to increase the understanding of how the differentiation process is regulated is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Söderhäll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kingkamon Junkunlo
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hernández-Pérez A, Zamora-Briseño JA, Ruiz-May E, Pereira-Santana A, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Pozos-González S, Torres-Irineo E, Hernández-López J, Gaxiola-Cortés MG, Rodríguez-Canul R. Proteomic profiling of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) hemocytes infected with white spot syndrome virus reveals the induction of allergy-related proteins. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:37-49. [PMID: 30336173 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the proteomic responses of shrimp hemocytes to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection at the proteome level, a quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis was performed to detect differentially synthesized proteins in infected hemocytes of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). We identified 1528 proteins associated to 203 gene ontology (GO) categories. The most representative GO categories were regulation of cellular processes, organic substance metabolic processes and nitrogen compound metabolic processes. Most of the 83 detected up-regulated proteins are involved in DNA regulation and organization and cell signaling. In contrast, most of the 40 down-regulated proteins were related to immune defense processes, protein folding, and development. Differentially induced proteins were further analyzed at the transcript level by RT-qPCR to validate the results. This work provides new insights into the alterations of L. vannamei hemocytes at the protein level at 12 h post-infection with WSSV. Interestingly, several of the up-regulated proteins are allergy-related proteins in humans. Based on our results, we suggest a deeper analysis of the effects of this interaction on the regulation of allergy related-proteins as their up-regulation during WSSV could represent a threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán, CP 97310, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán, CP 97310, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Cluster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic(®), El Instituto de Ecología, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91070, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Elizalde-Contreras
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Cluster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic(®), El Instituto de Ecología, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91070, Mexico
| | - Sirenia Pozos-González
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica (LANSE), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Zacatenco, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo I. Madero, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Torres-Irineo
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI-Sisal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tablaje # 31262. Sierra Papacal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-López
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Hermosa # 101, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico
| | | | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán, CP 97310, Mexico.
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Perdomo-Morales R, Montero-Alejo V, Perera E. The clotting system in decapod crustaceans: History, current knowledge and what we need to know beyond the models. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:204-212. [PMID: 30261301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemolymph coagulation is among the major arms of the humoral immune response in crustaceans. According to the current model, hemolymph clotting in decapod crustacean relies mostly on the polymerization of the plasmatic clotting protein (CP) which is directly promoted by calcium-depended transglutaminase (TGase) released from hemocytes upon microbial stimulus or injury. However, the type of hemocytes containing TGase, and hence how the TGase is released, might vary among species. Thus, we discourse here about possible mechanisms for clotting initiation. On the other hand, the initiation of coagulation reaction in the absence of microbial elicitors is poorly understood and seems to involve hemocytes lability, yet the mechanism remains unknown. A cellular clottable protein called coagulogen, different to the plasma CP, occurs in several species and could be related with the immune response, but the biological relevance of this protein is unknown. It is also demonstrated that the clotting response is actively involved in defense against pathogens. In addition, both TGase and the CP show pleiotropic functions, and although both proteins are relatively conserved, some of their physic-chemical properties vary significantly. The occurrence of differences in the clotting system in crustaceans is conceivable given the high number of species and their diverse ecology. Results from still non-studied decapods may provide explanation for some of the issues presented here from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development. Ave. 26 No. 1605, Esq. Puentes Grandes. Plaza. 10600. La Habana. Cuba.
| | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development. Ave. 26 No. 1605, Esq. Puentes Grandes. Plaza. 10600. La Habana. Cuba
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Del Carmen S, Hapak SM, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV. Coagulopathies and inflammatory diseases: '…glimpse of a Snark'. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 55:44-53. [PMID: 30268838 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathies and inflammatory diseases, ostensibly, have distinct underlying molecular bases. Notwithstanding, both are host defense mechanisms to physical injury. In invertebrates, clotting can function directly in anti-pathogen defense. Molecules of the vertebrate clotting cascade have also been directly linked to the regulation of inflammation. We posit that thrombophilia may provide resistance against pathogens in vertebrates. The selective pressure of improved anti-pathogen defense may have retained mutations associated with a thrombophilic state in the human population and directly contributed to enhanced inflammation. Indeed, in some inflammatory diseases, at least a subset of patients can be identified as hypercoagulable. Therefore, anticoagulants such as warfarin or apixaban may have a therapeutic role in some inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Del Carmen
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Sophie M Hapak
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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Calderón-Rosete G, González-Barrios JA, Lara-Lozano M, Piña-Leyva C, Rodríguez-Sosa L. Transcriptional Identification of Related Proteins in the Immune System of the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii. High Throughput 2018; 7:E26. [PMID: 30213058 PMCID: PMC6165390 DOI: 10.3390/ht7030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii is an animal model employed for physiological and immunological studies and is also of great economic importance in aquaculture. Although it is a species of easy husbandry, a high percentage of its production is lost annually as a result of infectious diseases. Currently, genetic information about the immune system of crustaceans is limited. Therefore, we used the abdominal nerve cord from P. clarkii to obtain its transcriptome using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify proteins that participate in the immune system. The reads were assembled de novo and consensus sequences with more than 3000 nucleotides were selected for analysis. The transcripts of the sequences of RNA were edited for annotation and sent to the GenBank database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). We made a list of accession numbers of the sequences which were organized by the putative role of the immune system pathway in which they participate. In this work, we report on 80 proteins identified from the transcriptome of crayfish related to the immune system, 74 of them being the first reported for P. clarkii. We hope that the knowledge of these sequences will contribute significantly to the development of future studies of the immune system in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabina Calderón-Rosete
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan Antonio González-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre" ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, 07300 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Lara-Lozano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Celia Piña-Leyva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez-Sosa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Korkut GG, Söderhäll I, Söderhäll K, Noonin C. The effect of temperature on bacteria-host interactions in the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 157:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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