1
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Guan R, Wang Y, Liu H, Zong W, Shi R, Lan J, Zhao X, Zhao Z. Investigation on the interaction between catalase and typical phthalates with different side chain lengths. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 336:126031. [PMID: 40090106 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2025.126031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/18/2025]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs), a category of plasticizers released from plastic products, have been widely detected in various environmental media and pose potential ecological risks to humans. Although the exposure risks of PAEs to organisms have been studied, the differences in the interactions between PAEs with different side chain lengths and biomolecules remain poorly understood at molecule levels. In this study, three commonly used PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)) were employed to investigate the influence of their side chain lengths on interactions with catalase (CAT), a key antioxidant enzyme. The effects of PAEs on CAT enzyme activity and their interaction mechanisms were investigated using multi-spectral technique and molecular docking techniques. The results indicate that the order of reduced enzyme activity by PAEs is DMP > DEP > DBP, which inversely correlates with the alkyl chain length of PAEs. Molecular docking analysis reveal that DBP failing to bind to the central cavity of CAT likely contributes to its minimal impact on enzyme activity. The multiple spectrums demonstrate that the binding affinity of PAEs to CAT and the changes of CAT conformational structure align with the observed decline in enzyme activity as alkyl chain length increased. Since enzyme activity ties to its structure, the structural alterations in CAT induced by PAEs would inevitably affect its functional expression in vivo. This study offers a comprehensive assessment on the possible toxicity of PAEs with different side chain lengths at the molecular levels, providing insights into their ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guan
- School of Environmental and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- School of Environmental and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Rongguang Shi
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, No. 31 Fukang Road, 300191 Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- School of Environmental and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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2
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Xian ZN, Gong H, Xu Y, Zhu N. Recent advances in occurrence, biotreatment, and integrated insights into bacterial degradation of phthalic acid esters in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 492:138248. [PMID: 40239513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are prevalent as emerging contaminants owing to their widespread use as plasticizers in industry. Despite their environmental and health risks, a limited understanding of PAE contamination in aquatic environments hinders the practical implementation of biotreatment strategies for their removal. This paper reviews the advances in occurrence, biotreatment, and relevant integrative analysis of bacterial PAE degradation over the past decade. In various aquatic environments, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are the predominant PAE pollutants across different regions, with alarming levels reported in Eastern China. PAEs in water usually inhibit the growth and metabolism of surrounding organisms. Meanwhile, various biotreatment techniques have proven effective in removing PAEs from leachate and wastewater. The treatment efficiency can be further enhanced by incorporating suitable physicochemical processes and optimizing key factors, such as the initial pollutant concentration, PAE type, and reaction time. Additionally, a K-means machine learning algorithm and 16S rRNA gene-based evolutionary analysis were employed to reveal that soil is a preferred source for isolating strains, with Gordonia and Pseudomonas being the dominant genera of PAE-degrading bacteria exhibiting high degradation efficiency. Moreover, most PAE hydrolase genes were discovered in these two genera. Different gene clusters facilitated the subsequent degradation pathways under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. This paper presents the latest updates on PAE biotreatment and offers an integrated analysis of the bacterial degradation involved. Future research should apply these insights to enhance the overall effectiveness of PAE removal in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ning Xian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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3
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Tang GX, Huang YH, Feng LW, Hu YC, Wei JL, Lü H, Liu LH, Zhao HM, Xiang L, Li H, Mo CH, Li YW, Cai QY. New insights into rhizosphere bacterial community shaped by lettuce genotypes for divergent degradation efficiencies of phthalates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 492:138077. [PMID: 40168930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025]
Abstract
Rhizosphere dissipation of organic pollutants benefits safe utilization of the polluted agricultural soil. Nevertheless, dissipation variation of phthalates (PAEs) in rhizosphere among different vegetable genotypes and the related microbial mechanisms remain unknown. Here, twelve lettuce cultivars with different genetic relationships identified by 18S rRNA gene sequencing were cultivated in soil spiked with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Bacterial communities and function genes in rhizosphere of lettuce were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. Results showed significant variations in DEHP concentrations of roots (2.8-15.3 mg/kg) and shoots (0.70-1.8 mg/kg) among 12 cultivars. Notably, cultivars L11 and L12 showed the lowest DEHP accumulation in roots and shoots, being lower by 82 % and 58 % than the highest accumulators (cultivars L5 and L6), respectively. This accumulation variation was closely connected with their genetic relationships and exhibited genotype-dependent trait. The significantly different bacterial community diversities and structures were recorded in rhizosphere among 12 cultivars. Especially, bacterial communities in rhizosphere of cultivars L11 and L12 (low-DEHP accumulators with high DEHP dissipation) strengthened their adaptation by enriching pollutant-resistant taxa, increasing extracellular polymeric substance contents and biofilm formation, as well as constructing complex ecological networks under DEHP pollution. Moreover, PAE-degrading bacteria and genes (e.g., hydrolase65, phtAb, and pcaI) in rhizosphere were enriched by low-DEHP accumulators, which benefited DEHP removal and subsequently safe agricultural products. This study provides new insights into microbial mechanisms on rhizosphere DEHP degradation and its correlation with accumulation variation among different crop genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Hong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Li-Wan Feng
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Chang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Lu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Hui Liu
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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4
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Li Z, He J, Li X, Chen J, You M, Sun B, Yang G. A narrative review of phthalates: From environmental release to kidney injury. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 376:126380. [PMID: 40339891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 05/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
Plastic products play an indispensable role in human daily lives, largely due to their low cost and unrivaled convenience. Phthalates (PAEs) are the most significant plastic additives due to their distinctive properties and are extensively utilized and produced in large quantities. Nevertheless, given their inability to form covalent bonds with plastics, these compounds are prone to leaching from plastic surfaces. As a result, the use of plastics in various industries has become a major source of PAEs in the environment, leading to increased risks to humans. The kidneys, which play a central role in the excretion of PAEs, are considered one of the primary target organs for PAEs accumulation and toxicity. A growing body of evidence supports an association between exposure to PAEs and adverse effects on the kidney. In environments, PAEs are often exposed simultaneously with other contaminants that may directly or indirectly modify the toxic effects of PAEs. This review focuses on the adverse effects of PAEs exposure on the kidney and their mechanisms of action, as well as the interactions between PAEs and other contaminants on the kidney. This review underscores the necessity for future toxicological studies to prioritize the mechanisms of renal injury caused by co-exposure to PAEs and other pollutants. The employment of advanced technologies, including network toxicology and molecular docking techniques, is imperative to enhance comprehension of the potential toxicity associated with co-exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Li
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Jixing He
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Mingdan You
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China.
| | - Guanghong Yang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China; Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
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5
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Feng NX, Pan B, Huang HJ, Huang YT, Lyu H, Xiang L, Zhao HM, Liu BL, Li YW, Cai QY, Li DW, Mo CH. Uptake, translocation, and biotransformation of phthalate acid esters in crop plants: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 489:137580. [PMID: 39952132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are prevalent emerging contaminants in agricultural environments. The uptake of PAEs by crop plants has attracted extensive attention due to the risks posed to human health through transfer in food chains. Despite its importance, the interaction between PAEs and crop plants remains poorly understood. In this critical review, the occurrence of six priority control PAEs in various food crops grown in greenhouses and conventional farms is investigated, with detected concentrations reaching up to mg/kg (dry weight) levels. PAEs enter plants through roots, foliar gas, or foliar particle uptake. After entry, PAEs exhibit acropetal translocation from the root and basipetal translocation from the leaf. PAEs are transformed into various metabolites through hydroxylation, hydrolysis, and oxidation in phase I metabolism and further conjugated with biomolecules such as amino acids or sugars in phase II metabolism. Exposure to PAEs disrupts plant homeostasis and activated antioxidant enzymes to alleviate phytotoxicity. Dietary intake of PAEs-contaminated food crops presents potential risks to human health, particularly from fruit and root vegetables consumed by children, warranting specific attention. Furthermore, current knowledge gaps and future perspectives are proposed. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the knowledge on the uptake, translocation, and transformation of PAEs in crop plants, emphasizing the need for an integrated investigation into the full life cycle of PAEs in plants to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Bogui Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hong-Jia Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Lyu
- School of Architecture and Planning, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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6
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Fan X, Gu C, Shen L, Gao Z, Yang X, Bian Y, Wang F, Jiang X. Theoretical insights into the binding of mono/di-ethyl phthalates to superoxide dismutase and associated structural changes impairing antioxidant activity: A coupled molecular docking and dynamics simulation approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 983:179667. [PMID: 40394786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are plasticizers known to increase oxidative stress by impairing antioxidant defenses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Since oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease development, the disruption of SOD function by PAEs presents a significant concern. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of SOD activity remain unclear. This study investigated how diethyl phthalate (DEP) and its major metabolite, monoethyl phthalate (MEP), affected SOD activity using molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The results revealed that both DEP and MEP bound to SOD through weak hydrophilic interactions and hydrogen bonds with residues Lys9, Thr17, Asn51, Thr52, and Arg141 in the bottom of the enzyme's two subunit cavities. These interactions triggered structural changes, particularly in the electrostatic loop and catalytic channels, destabilizing SOD. DEP and MEP increased the enzyme's radius of gyration and solvent-accessible surface area while disrupting intra-protein interactions. MEP showed a stronger inhibitory effect, significantly altering SOD's conformation. This change correlated with reduced catalytic activity (R2 > 0.9). Consequently, the inhibition of the enzyme is primarily due to the disruption of Arg141's conformation and function, which weakens SOD's antioxidant defense and potentially contributes to diseases related to oxidative damage. These results underscore the health risks posed by PAEs, especially following metabolic transformation, and highlight the importance of addressing their oxidative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lezu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhengyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Yang Y, Han Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Zhang W, Peng C, Kong L, Zhan X. Risks of biodegradable films: The time-lagged release of phthalic acid esters and organophosphates esters under realistic agricultural environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 377:126467. [PMID: 40381682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 05/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Agricultural plastic films, while boosting crop productivity, may pose significant environmental risks due to additive release during crack degradation. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as plasticizers and flame retardants respectively, represent two additive categories of the greatest environmental concern due to their persistence and endocrine-disrupting properties. This study systematically investigated the dynamic release of PAEs and OPEs from polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactic acid (PBAT/PLA)-based films under four simulated agricultural conditions: Natural conditions (NC), UV irradiation (UV), high temperature (HT), and flooding (FC). Uncultivated soil exhibited Σ8PAEs and Σ7OPEs approximately of 1317.5 ng/g and 1931.1 ng/g, respectively. During a 360 d incubation period, the contents of PAEs in soil surged during a short-term period, which may link to the desorption of adsorbed contaminant. Biodegradable films released higher PAEs concentrations than PE films, with secondary contamination peaks emerging 180-360 d post-incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that structural degradation (e.g., cracks/holes) during early degradation (0-180 d) unexpectedly amplified additive leaching in later stages, contrasting with assumptions of reduced contamination risks over time. UV irradiation had a photo-degradation effect on PAEs further accelerated the release of pollutants by 25-40 %, while high temperature and flooding conditions showed limited promoting effects along with NC conditions. These findings highlight the need for additive-free formulations and environment-specific mulch management policies to mitigate soil contamination risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanna Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lingjuan Kong
- Shanghai Agricultural Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China.
| | - Xiuping Zhan
- Shanghai Agricultural Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
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8
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Zou L, Yao N, Qiu S, Jiang Y, Xing Y, Zhou W, Huang Q, Chen W. From plasticizers to pollutants: The ecological consequences of PAEs in agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 373:126198. [PMID: 40185181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly employed as plasticizers, have emerged as widespread contaminants in agricultural soils. This study involved the collection of 52 representative agricultural soil samples from 13 counties and municipalities within the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to examine the distribution and ecological impacts of six priority PAEs in the agricultural soils of central China. The findings indicated that the detection rates for dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) in the soil samples were 88.46 %, 88.46 %, 82.69 %, 71.15 %, 67.31 %, and 59.62 %, respectively. DEHP exhibited the highest concentration levels, ranging from 2.99 to 991.26 mg/kg. To elucidate the ecological mechanisms underlying PAEs contamination, further investigations focused on soil properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial community characteristics. Elevated PAEs concentrations resulted in significant increases in soil total carbon (TC), organic matter (OM), and total nitrogen (TN). These concentrations stimulated enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen cycles while inhibiting those associated with the phosphorus cycle, thereby disrupting soil biochemical processes. Additionally, microbial diversity and abundance diminished with increasing PAEs concentrations, significantly altering the soil microbial community structure. PAEs were determined to be the primary agents influencing these changes, promoting the proliferation of PAE-tolerant taxa, including Verrucomicrobia and Clostridiaceae, while diminishing the presence of sensitive taxa. This study underscores the significant impact of PAEs contamination on the ecological dynamics of agricultural soils, manifesting in the disruption of nutrient cycling, suppression of enzyme activity, and alteration of bacterial communities. These findings emphasize the critical need for future research to concentrate on devising bioremediation strategies that utilize microbiota to degrade PAEs and restore the ecological functions of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Nihong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Simang Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yonghui Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wenli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wenli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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9
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Li LY, Li ZK, Shu J, Fan XB, Yu XF, Wang MQ. A DIE responsive fluorescent probe for phthalate and its application in test paper and hydrogel detection platforms. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 341:126403. [PMID: 40381237 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2025.126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Phthalates, classified as priority environmental contaminants, have driven intensive methodological development for environmental monitoring due to their well-documented endocrine-disrupting effects. Despite these imperatives, the design of optical probes for phthalate detection remains challenging probably due to the lack of suitable functional groups/sensing mode. Additionally, the reported probes were applied in the form of suspensions, resulting in difficulties in separation and recovery during the practical applications. Addressing these limitations, we engineered an amphiphilic BODIPY derivative (BOD-Bea) featuring a bespoke molecular architecture that self-assembles into non-fluorescent aggregates in aqueous media. Upon dipentyl phthalate (DPP) binding, significant fluorescence and absorption enhancements were elicited through the mechanism of disaggregation-induced emission (DIE). From the titration experiments, both the fluorescence emission at 653 nm and absorption at 576 nm demonstrate linear correlations with DPP concentrations in the range of 0-26 μM. The calculated LODs were determined to be 0.11 μM for fluorescence detection and 1.24 μM for absorption measurement. Detailed binding mechanism reveals that the probe achieves specific DPP recognition through synergistic interactions: π-π stacking anchoring the benzene ring moiety and hydrophobic capturing of the alkyl chain. Finally, probe BOD-Bea has been successfully employed to quantify DPP in the real water samples with good recoveries. Meanwhile, two instrument-free solid sensors based on BOD-Bea (i.e., test paper and hydrogel) are fabricated to rapidly and sensitively monitor DPP. This strategy overcomes the disadvantages of complex and costly pre-treatment of traditional methods and provides a molecular design basis for rapid on-site detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ze-Kai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jing Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xu-Bo Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ming-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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10
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Hao M, Zuo Q, Zhao X, Shi S, Wu J, Gao H, Lu Y. Multimedia contamination characteristics, risk assessment, and source quantification of phthalates in the Shaying River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2025; 47:202. [PMID: 40343535 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-025-02518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs), a class of typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals, have been widely detected in the environment due to their prevalent use as plasticizers in plastic products. This study investigates the multimedia contamination characteristics and potential ecological risks of PAEs in water, soil, and sediments of the Shaying River (SYR) Basin. A Geodetector model (GDM) was employed to identify the key drivers influencing the spatial distribution of PAEs, while factor analysis and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model were utilized to quantitatively apportion the potential sources of PAEs. Results revealed that the concentrations and spatial variation of PAEs were significantly higher in soil and sediments than in water, with distinct compositional profiles. Water samples exhibited a higher proportion of low-molecular-weight PAEs compared to soil and sediment, where high-molecular-weight PAEs prevailed to a lesser extent. Notably, among the 6 target PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were uniformly the primary PAEs in water, soil, and sediment of the SYR Basin, posing higher ecological risks to algae, crustaceans, amphibians, and fish compared to the other 4 PAEs. The spatial distribution of PAEs in the SYR Basin was comprehensively influenced by land use, precipitation, human activities, and soil types. Key factors vary across media, but the interaction between popdensity and other variables significantly enhanced the interpretation degree, jointly shaping the PAEs distribution patterns. Primary sources of PAEs in the basin were sewage and wastewater discharges (37.0%), nonpoint industrial sources (36.4%), and domestic sources (25.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
| | - Qiting Zuo
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Water Cycle Simulation and Environmental Protection, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xinna Zhao
- Henan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- Henan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
| | - Hongbin Gao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
| | - Yizhen Lu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
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11
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Zhang J, Wang S, Zhou Y, Yu Z. Rhythm- and sex-dependent lipid accumulation in Drosophila melanogaster by phthalates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 372:125930. [PMID: 40058556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) have been linked to obesity prevalence. Their obesogenic effects were influenced by sexes and rhythm, while the underlying mechanisms remained to be explored. In the present study, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisopentyl phthalate (DIPP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) were chosen as the PAEs' representatives, and their obesogenic effects were measured in Drosophila melanogaster with consideration on sleep and eclosion rhythms and sex-dependent differences. Results showed that DMP and DOP stimulated body weight, and 4 PAEs commonly influenced the total sleep with less inhibition or more stimulation in males than in females. Biochemical analysis showed that 4 PAEs commonly elevated levels of triglyceride (TG), glucose and lactate with more significant effects in males than in females, with simultaneous more stimulated enzymes in males. Meanwhile, their stimulatory effects on cholesterol and pyruvate were more overwhelmed in females. In addition, the PAEs' effects on TG were more convincing in adults eclosed in afternoon (PM) than those in morning (AM), while their effects on glucose, lactate, cholesterol and pyruvate were more convincing in AM adults with simultaneous more stimulated enzymes than in PM ones. Further analysis on the expressions of the pdk-1/akt/foxo signaling pathway, and the results demonstrated that the PAEs' effects on lipid metabolism connected with their influences on rhythm and hormone regulations. The correlation analysis on the overall results demonstrated that the PAEs' toxicities were also influenced by the molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
| | - Sihui Wang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China
| | - Yangyuan Zhou
- Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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12
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Pan Y, Dong S, Zhu Q, Tao L, Wu X, Lu M, Liao C, Jiang G. Unveiling Human Exposure to Plasticizers through Drinking Tea: A Nationwide Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:8210-8220. [PMID: 40231705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Dietary intake represents a significant exposure pathway for phthalates (PAEs) and nonphthalate plasticizers (NPPs). However, the associated exposure risk linked to tea consumption remains unclear. This study analyzed 10 PAEs and 10 NPPs in six types of tea collected from 18 provinces in China. Both PAEs and NPPs were detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 309 to 8150 ng/g for PAEs and 42.2 to 899 ng/g for NPPs, respectively. Source apportionment analysis indicates that packaging materials are important sources of plasticizer contamination in tea. The concentrations of di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), benzyl-butyl phthalate (BzBP), and trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM) in tea exhibited a significant correlation with those found in packaging materials (r: 0.414-0.465, p < 0.01). Five transformation products (TPs) of plasticizers were identified in brewed tea samples through suspect screening analysis, raising concerns about their potential health effects. Comparisons suggest that cold brewing may result in higher plasticizer exposure than hot brewing after a single brew. However, as the brewing times for hot brewed tea increased, the risk of human exposure rose, ultimately exceeded that of cold brewed tea. This study provides national-scale data on plasticizer contamination in Chinese tea and valuable insights into tea consumption practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Le Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meichen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Zhu H, Zhao H, Yao Y, Hua L, Qiao B, Zhao L, Li Y, Wang L, Sun H. Polyethylene microplastics impair chicken growth through gut microbiota-induced hepatic fatty acid metabolism dysfunction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 493:138335. [PMID: 40267716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2025] [Revised: 04/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) negatively impact various terrestrial animals, but their comprehensive effects on Gallus gallus domesticus, key agricultural and ecological species connecting people and the environment, are not well-documented. This study investigates the effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs and phthalate esters (PAEs) on chicken growth, liver metabolism, and gut microbiota using multi-omics and 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Results show that PE MPs, particularly those containing PAEs, significantly reduced body weight gain and hepatic triglyceride levels by up to 71.2 % and 50.1 %, respectively (p < 0.05). The clean MPs affected energy metabolism, while PAE-spiked MPs disrupted fatty acid metabolism and triggered immune and inflammatory responses in the liver. Key genes related to fatty acid metabolism such as FAN, SCD and ELOVL5 were significantly downregulated, leading to imbalances in lipid metabolism. These disruptions in PAE-spiked MPs exposure were associated with the altered gut microbiota balance, including increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and changes in Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria abundance. Totally, the study highlights a "Trojan Horse" effect, where MPs act as carriers for PAEs, intensifying toxicity through gut-liver axis interactions. The findings emphasize the role of gut microbiota in mediating liver dysfunction and impaired growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Liting Hua
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Biting Qiao
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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14
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Acevedo JM, Kahn LG, Pierce KA, Albergamo V, Carrasco A, Manuel RSJ, Singer Rosenberg M, Trasande L. Filling gaps in population estimates of phthalate exposure globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international biomonitoring data. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2025; 265:114539. [PMID: 39954352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Many phthalates have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals because they alter hormone functions throughout the lifespan. Nationally representative biomonitoring data are available from the United States, Canada, and Europe, but data elsewhere are sparse, making extrapolations of related disease and disability burdens difficult. We therefore examined trends in urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in non-occupationally exposed populations in countries other than the United States, Canada, and Europe, where representative data are already available at the country level. We systematically reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2023 and analyzed changes in urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations across time using mixed-effects meta-regression models with and without a quadratic term for time. We controlled for region, age, and pregnancy status, and identified heterogeneity using Cochran's Q-statistic and I2 index. Our final analysis consisted of 216 studies. Non-pregnant and youth populations exhibited nearly 2.0-fold or greater difference in concentration compared to pregnant and adult populations. Phthalates with significant regional differences had 10-fold higher concentrations in the Middle East and South Asia than in other regions. Our meta-regressions identified an exponential increase in DBP exposure through MnBP concentration internationally (beta: 0.65 ng/mL/year2) and in Eastern and Pacific Asia (EPA) (beta: 0.78 ng/mL/year2). Most DEHP and DnOP metabolites significantly declined internationally and in EPA, while MEP concentration declined by 10.62 ng/mL in Latin America and 8.98 ng/mL in Africa over time. Our findings fill gaps in phthalate exposure data and set the stage for further analysis of the attributable disease burden and cost at regional and international levels, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Acevedo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristyn A Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vittorio Albergamo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robbie S J Manuel
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Zhang H, Cui JG, Chen MS, Wang JX, Sun XH, Zhao Y, Li JL. TNF/TNFR1 Signaling Mediates DEHP-Induced Hepatocyte Pyroptosis via the GSDMD-mtROS Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025; 73:7432-7444. [PMID: 39999303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in agricultural plastics, accumulates in humans and animals through the food chain over time, resulting in liver toxicity. Recent studies have reported that pyroptosis and mitochondrial damage are closely related to a variety of liver diseases, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. To address this issue, in vitro and in vivo hepatotoxicity models were established. The results demonstrated that exposure to DEHP caused a buildup of MEHP in livers, altered liver metabolite composition, and caused pyroptosis-like changes in hepatocytes. After DEHP treatment, REDOX homeostasis was unbalanced, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were overproduced. MEHP exposure activates pyroptosis mediated by TNF/TNFR1 signaling and upregulates the perforating protein GSDMD-N to destroy the mitochondrial membrane of hepatocytes. Above all, this study elucidates the potential involvement of TNF/TNFR1 signaling-mediated pyroptosis in mitochondrial damage and confirms that the regulation of pyroptosis is helpful in maintaining normal mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Han Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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16
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Tao Y, Xu J, Li A, Jiang Z, Ma N, Sun R, Zhang Y. Kill two birds with one stone: Biochar immobilised polydopamine coated compound bacterial agent for remediation of dibutyl phthalate contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 269:120872. [PMID: 39824271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 01/20/2025]
Abstract
The severe contamination of the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in agriculture soils is often accompanied by a decrease in nutrient utilization. Though the combined application of a variety of microorganisms can simultaneously address the problems of soil contamination and nutrient deprivation, the activity and function of microorganisms can be severely inhibited by DBP, and studies on their protection under DBP contamination are almost non-existent. In this study, a compound bacterial agent KPSB was prepared by optimising with Fe3O4-modified biochar loaded with DBP-degrading bacterium Enterobacterium sp. DNB-S2 and polydopamine (PDA)-coated potassium-solubilizing bacterium Paenibacillus sp. KT. The results showed that KPSB was able to simultaneously remove DBP and increase the soil available potassium (K) content. PDA has good biocompatibility and shielding effect, and the strain KT coated by it has more complete cell membrane and stronger ability to secrete low molecular weight organic acids to promote K solubilization. The Fe3O4-modified biochar with suitable pore structure, large specific surface area and abundant functional groups could provide a good growth microenvironment for functional microorganisms and support the growth of strains while promoting the degradation of DBP. The expression of DBP-degradation-related genes was significantly increased in KPSB, which promoted the removal of DBP. In addition, KPSB has good acid and alkali resistance and a wide range of temperature adaptability, and is able to remove DBP and increase the available K content better under different environmental conditions. These results will provide new perspectives for the research of in situ soil remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ningyuan Ma
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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17
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Pan B, Tian H, Liang QF, Huang HJ, Huang YT, Liu BL, Li YW, Xiang L, Zhao HM, Cai QY, Feng NX, Mo CH. Microbial augmented aerobic composting for effective phthalates degradation in activated sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025; 377:124630. [PMID: 39986162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) accumulated in activated sludge posed serious threats to agroecosystems and environment. Traditional aerobic (AE) and anaerobic (AN) composting were limited in achieving sustained PAEs degradation due to the single structure of microbial community. Here, the effectiveness and microbiological mechanisms of bacterial-augmented aerobic composting (AEB) in reducing activated sludge PAEs were investigated, with comparison of anaerobic composting (ANB). Results showed that AEB treatments significantly enhanced PAEs degradation efficiency through batch degradation experiments and microbial community analysis. At initial PAEs contamination levels of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) removal rates increased by 2.11-3.93-fold and 2.18-3.36-fold, respectively. Notably, AEB treatment reshaped bacterial community structure, forming communities dominated by efficient PAEs-degrading bacteria. Network analysis revealed a more complex microbial interaction networks under AE treatment, with the numbers of node and connectivity being 1.5 and 1.8 times than that of AN treatment. Functional gene prediction indicated increased abundances of PAEs degradation-related functional groups. Environmental factor analysis demonstrated optimized conditions through pH control, oxygen supply, and active carbon-nitrogen metabolism. These findings provided important supports for safe activated sludge disposal and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogui Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Hong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Qi-Feng Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Hong-Jia Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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18
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Li J, Zhou M, Chen Z, Guo J, Fang F, Schäffer A, Shao Y. Identification of pollutant markers in rural mountainous areas of China by combining non-targeted analysis with zebrafish embryo toxicity tests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 965:178625. [PMID: 39892231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are increasingly found around the world, yet their composition and the risks pose to soil environments remain unclear, making a challenge to EP management, particularly in mountainous rural areas. In this study, we collected soils from three types of mountainous villages, each representing different levels of economic development: an industrial village, an ecotourism village, and an agricultural village. We analyzed these samples using non-target analysis and Danio rerio embryotoxicity test (ZET). A total of 216 compounds (level 2) were identified by matching with mzCloud database, with 149, 107, and 157 found in YY (industrial village), DX (ecotourism village) and LH (agricultural village), respectively. Interestingly, 78 compounds were present in all three villages, while the number of unique substances ranged from 7 to 47 in each village, serving as potential pollution markers. The most prevalent substances identified were aliphatics, heterocyclics, and aromatics. The ZET results showed that all soil extracts had significant acute toxic effects. Further analysis revealed a correlation between the toxic substances and the economic types of the villages. Specifically, linear chain dicarboxylic acids, drugs, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) were the primary toxicants in the industrial village, whereas phthalate esters dominated in the other two villages. These findings provide valuable insights for effective monitoring of EPs in mountainous rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China.
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19
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Huang Z, Chen Y, Zou J, Zhou P, Huang X, Zhuang R, Wang X, Liu L. Plant endophytic bacteria reduce phthalates accumulation in soil-crop-body system: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2025:reveh-2024-0040. [PMID: 39899388 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) represent a class of widely utilized plasticizers, resulting in their pervasive presence in soil and agricultural crops, which poses significant risks to human health. This review examines the current state of PAE pollution, the microbial resources available for PAE degradation, and the associated degradation pathways. It highlights the advantages of endophytic bacteria over environmental microorganisms, including the prolonged survival of inoculated strains, in vivo biodegradation of PAEs, and multifunctional capabilities. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which endophytic bacteria mitigate PAE accumulation across the three defense lines (soil, crops, and the human body) are elucidated. The integrated approach of employing both plants and microbial agents for the remediation of PAEs demonstrates considerable potential for ensuring the safety of agricultural products and safeguarding human health. This work offers new insights into addressing the challenges posed by organic pollutant contamination and reducing PAE accumulation in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zou
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, 71237 Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
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20
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Liu H, Liu X, Wang K, Ma X, Gao H, Liu X, Yan C. The occurrence and safety evaluation of phthalic acid esters in Oasis agricultural soils of Xinjiang, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 290:117593. [PMID: 39953690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Soil pollution caused by plastic residues containing additives (e.g. phthalic acid esters (PAEs)) is ubiquitous and has become a global concern. However, the distribution, accumulation, and potential risks associated with PAEs in agricultural soils have not been fully explored. This study quantified the types, concentrations, and distribution patterns of common PAEs in 29 agricultural soil samples collected from the Xinjiang Oasis, China. The results indicated that no significant variation in PAE concentrations across the oasis farmlands in Xinjiang. The PAEs were predominantly concentrated in the topsoil layer (0-20 cm), with an average concentration of 102.3 μg/kg, with some migration observed to the deeper soil layer (20-40 cm). The most abundant PAEs detected were Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP), which accounted for 49.82 %, 23.74 %, and 20.96 % of the total, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of all PAEs were below China's soil quality risk control standards, and the non-carcinogenic risks to both adults and children were below the current threshold, indicating relatively low risks to both the human health and the environment. These findings are crucial for understanding the presence and safety evaluation of PAEs in Xinjiang Oasis farmland, and they provide important reference data for managing and controlling PAE contamination in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, PR China.
| | - Xiuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xingwang Ma
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, PR China.
| | - Haihe Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Changrong Yan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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21
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Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xie H, Han D, Yan H. Recent advancements in the extraction and analysis of phthalate acid esters in food samples. Food Chem 2025; 463:141262. [PMID: 39298858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants present in food samples, necessitating accurate detection for risk assessment and remediation efforts. This review provides an updated overview of the recent progress on the PAEs analysis regarding sample pretreatment techniques and analytical methodologies over the latest decade. Advances in sample preparation include solid-based extraction techniques replacing conventional liquid-liquid extraction, with solid sorbents emerging as promising alternatives due to their minimal solvent consumption and enhanced selectivity. Although techniques like the microextraction methods offer versatility and reduced solvent reliance, there is a need for more efficient and environmentally friendly techniques enabling on-site portable detection. High-resolution mass spectrometry is increasingly utilized for its enhanced sensitivity and reduced contamination risks. However, challenges persist in developing in situ analytical techniques for trace PAEs in complex food samples. Future research should prioritize novel analytical techniques with superior sensitivity and selectivity, addressing current limitations to meet the demand for precise PAEs detection in diverse food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yangqing Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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22
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Amirian V, Russel M, Yusof ZNB, Chen JE, Movafeghi A, Kosari-Nasab M, Zhang D, Szpyrka E. Algae- and bacteria-based biodegradation of phthalic acid esters towards the sustainable green solution. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2025; 41:24. [PMID: 39762597 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters are widely used worldwide as plasticizers. The high consumption of phthalates in China makes it the world's largest plasticizer market. The lack of phthalic acid ester's chemical bonding with the polymer matrix facilitates their detachment from plastic products and subsequent release into the environment and causes serious threats to the health of living organisms. Thus, environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for their removal are urgently needed. In this context, both natural and engineered bacterial and algal communities have played a crucial role in the degradation of various phthalic acid esters present in water and soil. When algae-bacteria co-culture is compared to a singular algae or bacteria system, this symbiotic system shows superior performance in the removal of dibutyl phthalates and diethyl phthalates from synthetic wastewater. This review provides an optimistic outlook for co-culture systems by in-depth examining single microorganisms, namely bacteria and algae, as well as algae-bacterial consortiums for phthalates degradation, which will draw attention to species co-existence for the removal of various pollutants from the environment. In addition, further development and research, particularly on the mechanisms, genes involved in the degradation of phthalic acid esters, and interactions between bacterial and algal species, will lead to the discovery of more adaptable species as well as the production of targeted species to address the environmental pollution crisis and provide a green, efficient, and sustainable approach to environmental protection. Discrepancies in knowledge and potential avenues for exploration will enhance the existing body of literature, enabling researchers to investigate this field more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veghar Amirian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P.R. China
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 51666-14779, Iran
| | - Mohammad Russel
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P.R. China.
| | - Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Putra University Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Jit Ern Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 51666-14779, Iran
| | - Morteza Kosari-Nasab
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Dayong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P.R. China
| | - Ewa Szpyrka
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1 St, Rzeszow, 35-310, Poland
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23
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Zhao G, Huang L, Liu L, Jia B, Xu L, Zhu H, Cheng P. Novel nanoliter spray enhanced microwave plasma ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous detection of heavy metals and organic plasticizers in soil: A case study in a lead-acid battery industrial park. Talanta 2025; 282:127075. [PMID: 39442264 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil pollution is predominantly attributed to the presence of heavy metal elements and organic compounds; However, current detection methodologies are restricted to the identification of only one of these two sources at a time. A novel analytical approach, known as nanoliter spray enhanced microwave plasma ionization mass spectrometry (Nano-Spray-EMPI-MS), has been developed to facilitate the simultaneous detection of both heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil samples. This technique is characterized by its requirement for minimal sample volumes, thereby allowing for efficient and rapid analysis. The research concentrated on the simultaneous analysis of five heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) and three major phthalates (PAEs), specifically DEHP, DBP, and DMP. The detection and quantification limits for the heavy metals were established to be between 0.16-0.57 and 0.53-1.88 μg L-1, respectively, while the limits for the PAEs ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 and 0.07-0.16 μg L-1. Validation of the method's efficacy in soil detection demonstrated recovery rates of 90.9 %-105.7 % for heavy metals and 89.4 %-97.2 % for PAEs. The application of this method analyzing soil samples collected from an area adjacent to a lead-acid battery industrial park in China revealed varying levels of contamination by both heavy metals and PAEs. Notably, Lead contamination was found to be the most pronounced, with a peak concentration of 862.5 mg kg-1 and a correspondingly high pollution index. These findings are significant for evaluating local ecological risks, pinpointing sources of pollution, and formulating effective pollution management strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Bin Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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24
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Liu R, Tao Y. Occurrence, bioaccumulation, and partitioning of phthalate acid esters in the third largest freshwater lake (Lake Taihu) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120188. [PMID: 39427943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are a category of plasticizers that are ubiquitous in freshwater environments attributable to extensive utilization. We collected water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), surface sediments, phytoplankton, and zooplankton from 23 sampling sites to investigate and complement the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and partitioning of five PAEs including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the third largest freshwater lake (Lake Taihu) of China. PAEs were extracted using Soxhlet extraction and solid phase extraction, and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The average concentrations of the five PAEs in the water column, SPM, sediments, phytoplankton, and zooplankton of Lake Taihu were 1.93 ± 1.57 μg L-1, 765 ± 766 μg g-1, 1.68 ± 1.47 μg g-1, 1358 ± 1877 μg g-1, and 72.7 ± 134 μg g-1, respectively. DBP and DEHP were the dominant PAE congeners in the five environment compartments. The logarithmic concentrations of DBP, BBP, and DEHP in the SPM were negatively correlated with the logarithmic content of the SPM. Biodilution significantly impacted the occurrence of PAEs in the plankton. Bioaccumulation of PAEs was found in the plankton with log BCF (bioconcentration factor) in the phytoplankton ranging from 1.78 ± 0.86 to 4.13 ± 1.23 and log BAF (bioaccumulation factor) in the zooplankton varying from -0.10 ± 0.26 to 3.04 ± 0.64. Biomagnification of the PAEs from phytoplankton to zooplankton was not observed. DMP, DEP, and BBP migrated from sediments to water. DBP was in dynamic equilibrium in the sediment-water system. DEHP transferred from water to sediments. Our results provide crucial complementary knowledge on bioaccumulation and transfer of PAEs in planktonic food web, and their partitioning in different compartments of waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Liu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Yuqiang Tao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
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25
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Hu J, Bao G, Pan X, Wang H, Xing N. Revealing the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of different particle size microplastics on diethyl phthalate (DEP) in rye (Secale cereale L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135979. [PMID: 39368355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how widely distributed microplastics (MPs) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) interact with crops remains limited, despite their significant implications for human exposure. We used physiology, transcriptomics, adsorption kinetics, and computational chemistry to assess rye's molecular response to two sizes of MPs (200 nm and 5 µm) and DEP, both individually and in combination. Findings systematically highlight potential ecological risks from MPs and DEP, with ecotoxicity ranking as follows: CK (Control Check) < LMPs < SMPs < DEP < LMPs+DEP < SMPs+DEP. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy revealed SMP's translocation ability in rye and its potential to disrupt leaf cells. DEP increased the electronegativity on MPs, which enhanced their uptake by rye. DEP adsorption by MPs in hydroponics reduced DEP bioavailability in rye (18.17-46.91 %). Molecular docking studies showed DEP interacted with chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferases proteins' active sites. Transcriptomic analysis identified significant up-regulation of genes linked to mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, phytohormones, and antioxidant systems in rye exposed to MPs and DEP, correlating with physiological changes. These findings deepen the understanding of how MPs can accumulate and translocate within rye, and their adsorption to DEP raises crop safety issues of greater environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Guozhang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Huixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ningning Xing
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
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26
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Sokołowski A, Dybowski MP, Oleszczuk P, Gao Y, Czech B. Biochar amendment affects the fate of phthalic acid esters in the soil-vegetable system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 371:123165. [PMID: 39500160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates, e.g., esters of phthalic acid (PAEs), when used as plasticizers due to weak physical bonding with polymer matrix favoring leaching, are widely noted in the environment. Their confirmed toxicity to plants and animals implies that their fate should be monitored in the environment, especially when considering the interaction between soil and vegetables. Removal of PAEs from the environment or limiting their bioavailability is a key point in reducing their harmful effects. In the present paper, the fate of six PAEs in the biochar-amended soil during the cultivation of two popular vegetables, lettuce, and radish, was estimated. High bioaccumulation in the soil was noted with the biochar obtained from residues from biogas production being up to 15% higher than in the case of the other biochar and up to 10 times higher than in plants due to increased basic character of biochar. This biochar reduced the bioavailability of DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), and DNOP (di-n-octyl phthalate) in radish roots and DBP in lettuce leaves. However, PAEs significantly increased the fresh mass of radish and slightly increased the mass of lettuce. All six tested PAEs in both plants reached higher concentrations in the leaves (up to two orders of magnitude) than in the roots. Additionally, PAEs were present in two times higher concentrations in the lettuce than in the radish. The biochar aromaticity, porosity, and the presence of organic carbon and inorganics (ash) affect the fate of tested pollutants depending on the tested plant and compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Sokołowski
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał P Dybowski
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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27
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Zuo X, Lu W, Ling W, Czech B, Oleszczuk P, Chen X, Gao Y. Biodegradation of PAEs in contaminated soil by immobilized bacterial agent and the response of indigenous bacterial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124925. [PMID: 39255922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are common hazardous organic contaminants in agricultural soil. Microbial remediation is an effective and eco-friendly method for eliminating PAEs. Nevertheless, the operational mode and potential application of immobilized microorganisms in PAEs-contaminated soil are poorly understood. In this study, we prepared an immobilized bacterial agent (IBA) using a cedar biochar carrier to investigate the removal efficiency of PAEs by IBA in the soil. We found that IBA degraded 88.35% of six optimal-control PAEs, with 99.62% biodegradation of low-molecular-weight PAEs (DMP, DEP, and DBP). The findings demonstrated that the IBA achieved high efficiency and a broad-spectrum in degrading PAEs. High-throughput sequencing revealed that IBA application altered the composition of the soil bacterial community, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of PAEs-degrading bacteria (Rhodococcus). Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis indicated that IBA promoted microbial interactions within the soil community. This study introduces an efficient method for the sustainable remediation of PAEs-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Zuo
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bozena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Xuwen Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ma X, Wei Z, Wang X, Li C, Feng X, Shan J, Yan X, Ji R. Microplastics from polyvinyl chloride agricultural plastic films do not change nitrogenous gas emission but enhance denitrification potential. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135758. [PMID: 39244981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The effects of microplastics (MPs) from agricultural plastic films on soil nitrogen transformation, especially denitrification, are still obscure. Here, using a robotized flow-through system, we incubated vegetable upland soil cores for 66 days with MPs from PE mulching film (F-PE) and PVC greenhouse film (F-PVC) and directly quantified the emissions of nitrogenous gases from denitrification under oxic conditions, as well as the denitrification potential under anoxic conditions. The impact of MPs on soil nitrogen transformation was largely determined by the concentration of the additive phthalate esters (PAEs) containing in the MPs. The F-PE MPs with low level of PAEs (about 0.006 %) had no significant effect on soil mineral nitrogen content and nitrogenous gas emissions under oxic conditions. In contrast, the F-PVC MPs with high levels of PAEs (about 11 %) reduced soil nitrate content under oxic conditions, probably owing to promoted microbial assimilation of nitrogen, as the emissions of denitrification products (N2, NO, and N2O) was not affected. However, the F-PVC MPs significantly enhanced the denitrification potential of the soil due to the increased abundance of denitrifiers under anoxic conditions. These findings highlight the disturbance of MPs from agricultural films, particularly the additive PAEs on nitrogen transformation in soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhijun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Virachabadoss VRA, Appavoo MS, Paramasivam KS, Karthikeyan SV, Govindan D. The addition of humic acid into soil contaminated with microplastics enhanced the growth of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) and modified the rhizosphere microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:63343-63359. [PMID: 39482414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have polluted agricultural soils, posing a substantial risk to crop productivity. Moreover, the presence of microplastic pollution has caused a disturbance in the composition of the microbial community in the soil surrounding plant roots, therefore impacting the growth of beneficial bacteria. A study was conducted to examine if humic acid (HA) can counteract the harmful effects of microplastics (MPs) on the growth of black gram crops and the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbial community, to reduce the negative impacts of microplastics on these microorganisms and crops. The research was carried out using mud pots and the plastic utilized for the experiment consisted of 60% high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 40% polypropylene (PP). The soil was enriched with lignite-based potassium humate, which had a pH range of 8.0-9.5 and with 65% humic acid. The experiment consisted of six treatments: T1, which served as the control without HA and MP; T2, which involved the use of HA at a concentration of 0.15% w/w; T3, which involved the use of MP at a concentration of 0.2% w/w; T4, which involved the use of MP at a concentration of 0.4% w/w; T5, which involved the combination of HA at a concentration of 0.15% w/w and MP at a concentration of 0.2% w/w; and T6, which involved the combination of HA at a concentration of 0.15% w/w and MP at a concentration of 0.4% w/w. The plant growth characteristics, including germination percentage, nodule number, and chlorophyll content, were measured. In addition, the DNA obtained from the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using metagenomics techniques to investigate the organization of the microbial population. Seedlings in soil polluted with MP exhibited delayed germination compared to seedlings in uncontaminated soil. Following 60 days of growth, the soil samples treated with T5 (0.2% MP and 0.15% HA w/w) had the highest population of bacteria and rhizobium, with counts 5.58 ± 0.02 and 4.90 ± 0.02 CFU g-1 soil. The plants cultivated in T5 had the most elevated chlorophyll-a concentration (1.340 ± 0.06 mg g-1), and chlorophyll-b concentration (0.62 ± 0.02 mg g-1) while those cultivated in T3 displayed the lowest concentration of chlorophyll-a (0.59 ± 0.02 mg g-1) and chlorophyll-b (0.21 ± 0.04 mg g-1). Within the phylum, Proteobacteria had the highest prevalence in all treatments. However, when the soil was polluted with MPs, its relative abundance was reduced by 8.4% compared to the control treatment (T1). Conversely, treatment T5 had a 3.76% rise in relative abundance when compared to treatment T3. The predominant taxa found in soil polluted with MP were Sphingomonas and Bacillus, accounting for 19.3% of the total. Sphingomonas was the predominant genus (21.2%) in soil polluted with MP and supplemented with humic acid. Humic acid can be used as a soil amendment to mitigate the negative effects of MPs and enhance their positive advantages. Research has demonstrated that incorporating humic acid into soil is a viable method for maintaining the long-term integrity of soil's physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merline Sheela Appavoo
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India.
| | - Kumara Sashidara Paramasivam
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Sri Vishnu Karthikeyan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Dhinagaran Govindan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
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Dulsat-Masvidal M, Ciudad C, Infante O, Mateo R, Lacorte S. Impact of organic contaminants in soils from Important Bird and Biodiversity areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35274-7. [PMID: 39436512 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Soils act as sinks for many organic contaminants, posing a threat to biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed the contamination status of soils in 140 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Spain. Fifty-two organic contaminants including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plasticizers or plastic related such as phthalates, bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The mean soil concentration ranged from 1.41 to 917 ng/g and plasticizer and PAHs were detected at the highest concentrations, while OCPs were the most frequently detected. Hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) and land use data associated PCBs with artificial land, phthalates with industrial sites and incineration plants and PAHs with burned areas, and in a lesser extent pesticides with agricultural activities. A tier I environmental risk assessment (ERA) was performed to identify the most impacted natural areas and the most concerning compounds. Out of the 140 IBAs, 95 presented at least one compound at high-risk concentrations (RQ > 1) for soil organisms. The OPPs chlorpyrifos and malathion, together with the PAH benzo[b]fluoranthene, were detected at high-risk concentrations. Overall, this study highlights the widespread presence of organic contaminants in areas of high natural value and the importance of implementing monitoring studies to identify potential contaminated sites that require conservation and remediation actions for the protection of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dulsat-Masvidal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ciudad
- SEO/BirdLife, Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053, Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Infante
- SEO/BirdLife, Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhang J, Liu S, Huang F, Bi D, Song J, Chou S. Coupled effects of Fenton-like systems with different concentrations of H 2O 2/Biochar on diethyl phthalate removal: Dominant role of environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124499. [PMID: 38964648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of different H2O2 concentrations on the Fenton-like systems of H2O2/biochar, this study examined the mechanism of the physical structure and environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) of biochar during diethyl phthalate (DEP) removal by the Fenton-like system. The peak-splitting method was utilized to differentiate EPFRs types in cotton stalk biochar produced at different temperatures. High-temperature environments promote π-electron delocalization, which facilitates phenyl π free radicals and σ-π oxygen-containing free radicals. By analyzing relationships between the removal rate K1 and removal constant Kobs of DEP with the structural properties of biochar, it was discovered that EPFRs concentrations in biochar had a significant positive correlation with K1 (r = 0.92) and Kobs (r = 0.97). Different H2O2 concentrations added to the biochar removal system resulted in varied DEP removal efficiency. Among them, CS500, CS550, and CS600 exhibited superior DEP removal efficiency when H2O2 concentration was 5 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Shanjian Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Clean Energy Engineering Technology Research Center, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Fupeng Huang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Dongmei Bi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Clean Energy Engineering Technology Research Center, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Santao Chou
- School of New Energy Engineering, Weifang Institute of Technology, Weifang, 261101, China
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Du X, Li X, Yang M, He Z, Xu T, Liu J, Guo X, Tang Z. Toxicological effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on dandelions: Insights into physiological, metabolic, and molecular docking perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143229. [PMID: 39218265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers in plastic manufacturing. However, the toxicological effects of DEHP on dandelions remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively analyzed and explored the response mechanisms of dandelions to 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg L-1 DEHP influencing the morphophysiological growth, metabolomics, and molecular docking. DEHP reduced chlorophyll synthesis, inhibited plant growth, and induced oxidative-state-associated stress, which was manifested by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, and enhanced synthesis of some osmoregulatory compounds, including proline and soluble protein. An analysis of the integrated biological response index showed that the toxicity was dose-dependent. Molecular docking demonstrated that DEHP could bind stably to three enzymes, and the binding energy was peroxidase (POD) > catalase (CAT) > superoxide dismutase (SOD). Metabolomics revealed that metabolite abundance and metabolic pathways were altered by DEHP, with 88 and 72 primary metabolites identified in shoots and roots, respectively. Amino acid, sugar, and organic acid metabolism were severely disturbed, with the most significant effects being on carbohydrate metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Our study elucidated the influence of DEHP exposure on dandelions, providing new insights into the toxicity mechanisms and toxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xingfan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiqiang He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tianwei Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Wu Q. Occurrence and combined exposure of phthalate esters in urban soil, surface dust, atmospheric dustfall, and commercial food in the semi-arid industrial city of Lanzhou, Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 354:124170. [PMID: 38759748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A total of 138 samples including urban soil, surface dust, atmospheric dustfall, and commercial food were collected from the semi-arid industrial city of Lanzhou in Northwest China, and 22 phthalate esters (PAEs) were analyzed in these samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the pollution characteristics, potential sources, and combined exposure risks of PAEs. The results showed that the total concentration of 22 PAEs (Ʃ22PAEs) presented surface dust (4.94 × 104 ng/g) ≫ dustfall (1.56 × 104 ng/g) ≫ food (2.14 × 103 ng/g) ≫ urban soil (533 ng/g). Di-n-butyl phthalate (DNBP), di-isobutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-isononyl phthalate/di-isodecyl phthalate were predominant in the environmental media and commercial food, being controlled by priority (52.1%-65.5%) and non-priority (62.1%) PAEs, respectively. Elevated Ʃ22PAEs in the urban soil and surface dust was found in the west, middle, and east of Lanzhou. Principal component analysis indicated that PAEs the urban soil and surface dust were related with the emissions of products containing PAEs, atmosphere depositions, and traffic and industrial emissions. PAEs in the foods were associated with the growth and processing environment. The health risk assessment of United States Environmental Protection Agency based on the Chinese population exposure parameters indicated that the total exposure dose of 22 PAEs was from 0.111 to 0.226 mg/kg/day, which were above the reference dose (0.02 mg/kg/day) and tolerable daily intake (TDI, 0.05 mg/kg/day) for DEHP (0.0333-0.0631 mg/kg/day), and TDI (0.01 mg/kg/day) for DNBP (0.0213-0.0405 mg/kg/day), implying that the exposure of PAEs via multi-media should not be ignored; the total non-carcinogenic risk of six priority PAEs was below 1 for the three environmental media (1.21 × 10-5-2.90 × 10-3), while close to 1 for food (4.74 × 10-1-8.76 × 10-1), suggesting a potential non-carcinogenic risk of human exposure to PAEs in food; the total carcinogenic risk of BBP and DEHP was below 1 × 10-6 for the three environmental media (9.13 × 10-10-5.72 × 10-7), while above 1 × 10-4 for DEHP in food (1.02 × 10-4), suggesting a significantly carcinogenic risk of human exposure to DEHP in food. The current research results can provide certain supports for pollution and risk prevention of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Qianlan Wu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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34
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Xu Z, Luan L, Li P, Dong K. Extralong hot-spots sensor for SERS sensitive detection of phthalate plasticizers in biological tear and serum fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4301-4313. [PMID: 38852120 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate plasticizers (PAEs) illegally used in food pose a great threat to human health. A new and efficient sensing platform for the sensitive detection of the PAE residues in biological fluids needs to be designed and developed. Here, we report a simple and reliable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active platform with extralong hot spots of Au nanobipyramids@Ag nanorods (Au NBPs@Ag NRs) for the rapid and sensitive detection of PAEs in biological fluids. To achieve high activity, Au NBPs@Ag NRs with different shell lengths were fabricated by controlling the synthesis conditions, and the corresponding SERS properties were investigated by using crystal violet (CryV) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). The experimental results showed that a longer shell length correlated to greater Raman activity, which was confirmed by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic simulation. More importantly, the extralong hot spots of the Au NBPs@Ag NR SERS-active substrate showed excellent homogeneity and reproducibility for the CryV probe molecules (6.21%), and the detection limit was 10-9 M for both BBP and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Furthermore, through the standard addition method, an extralong hot spots SERS substrate could achieve highly sensitive detection of BBP and DEHP in serum and tears fluids, and the detection limit was as low as 3.52 × 10-8 M and 2.82 × 10-8 M. Therefore, the Au NBPs@Ag NR substrate with an extraordinarily long surface is efficient and versatile, and can potentially be used for high-efficiency sensing analysis in complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, HefeiAnhui, 230009, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China.
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35
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Uaciquete D, Sawada A, Chiba T, Pythias EM, Iguchi T, Horie Y. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of 16 plasticizers in the rivers and estuaries in Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142605. [PMID: 38876327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to growing concerns about the adverse effects of phthalate plasticizers, non-phthalate plasticizers are being increasingly used as their replacement. However, information on the residual environmental concentrations and ecological risks posed by these plasticizers is limited. In this study, we analyzed the environmental contamination of 11 phthalates and 5 non-phthalate plasticizers in Class A and B rivers in Japan. In the considered river water samples, phthalates and non-phthalates were detected in the following order of detection frequency: phthalates (DEHP > DMP > DMEP > BBP > DNPP > DNP > DEEP > DBEP = DNOP) and non-phthalates (ATBC > DEHS > DEHA > TOTM = DIBA). Phthalate plasticizers were the most abundant and included DEHP (157-859 ng/L), DMP (
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas Uaciquete
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Sawada
- Faculty of Maritime Science, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Takashi Chiba
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan
| | - Espino Maria Pythias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
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36
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Liu F, Hu N, Wang A, Ma D, Shan Y, Jiao W. Structure-dependent degradation of phthalate esters with persulfate oxidation activated by thermal in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 253:119167. [PMID: 38762006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) have become one of the most concerned emerging organic pollutants in the world, due to the toxicity to human health, and hard to remove it efficiently. In this study, the degradation performance of DBP and DEHP in the soil by water bath heating activated sodium persulfate (PS) method under different factors were studied, in which the degradation rate of DBP and DEHP were improved with the increasing of temperature, PS concentration and water/soil ratio, and higher diffusion efficiency treatments methods, due to the improved mass transfer from organic phase to aqueous media. However, the degradation rate of DEHP was much lower than that of DBP, because DEHP in the soil was more difficult to contact with SO4•- for reaction on soil surface, and the degradation rate of PAEs in soil was significantly lower than that in water. Redundancy analysis of degradation rate of DBP and DEHP in water demonstrated that the key factors that determine the degradation rate is time for DBP, and cosolvent dosage for DEHP, indicating that the solubility and diffusion rate of PAEs from soil to aqueous are predominance function. This study provides comprehensive scenes in PAEs degradation with persulfate oxidation activated by thermal in soil, reveal the difference of degradation between DBP and DEHP is structure-dependent. So that we provide fundamental understanding and theoretical operation for subsequent filed treatment of various structural emerging pollutants PAEs contaminated soil with thermal activated persulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Naiwen Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Anyu Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongping Shan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Hou T, Yang Z, Wang L, Zhang H, Ma W, Zhang D, Fan X. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in maternal zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to dibutyl phthalate at environmentally relevant level. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106980. [PMID: 38838504 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a widely-used plasticizer that is dispersed in various environments, causing significant pollution and health risks. The toxic mechanism of DBP has been discussed in recent years, while the susceptibility of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to DBP exposure and the resulting damage remain unclear. In this study, maternal zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of DBP for 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Results showed that DBP exposure impaired health status, leading to the reduced body length and weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and gonadosomatic index. Furthermore, DBP exposure induced oxidative stress and ATP deficiency in the gill and liver in a time-dependent manner. The oxidized mtDNA (ox-mtDNA) levels in the D-loop and ND1 regions were assessed in different tissues, showing distinct response patterns. The high energy-consuming tissues such as heart, brain, gill, and liver exhibited elevated susceptibility to mitochondrial damage, with a rapid increase in ox-mtDNA levels in the short term. Conversely, in muscle, ovary, eggs, and offspring, ox-mtDNA gradually accumulated over the exposure period. Notably, the ox-mtDNA levels in the D-loop region of blood showed a prompt response to DBP exposure, making it convenient for evaluation. Additionally, decreased hatching rates, increased mortality, lipoperoxidation, and depressed swimming performance were observed in offspring following maternal DBP exposure, suggesting the inherited impairments of maternal mtDNA. These findings highlight the potential for ox-mtDNA to serve as a convenient biomarker for environmental contamination, aiding in ecological risk assessment and forewarning systems in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Huiqiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Dingfu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Lin X, Lin L, Chang S, Xing Y, Zhang Y, Yang C. Insights into pollution characteristics and human health risks of plasticizer phthalate esters in shellfish species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172984. [PMID: 38710392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous application of phthalate esters (PAEs) as plasticizers contributes to high levels of marine pollution, yet the contamination patterns of PAEs in various shellfish species remain unknown. The objective of this research is to provide the first information on the pollution characteristics of 16 PAEs in different shellfish species from the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China, and associated health risks. Among the 16 analyzed PAEs, 13 were identified in the shellfish, with total PAE concentrations ranging from 23.07 to 3794.08 ng/g dw (mean = 514.35 ng/g dw). The PAE pollution levels in the five shellfish species were as follows: Ostreidae (mean = 1064.12 ng/g dw) > Mytilus edulis (mean = 509.88 ng/g dw) > Babylonia areolate (mean = 458.14 ng/g dw) > Mactra chinensis (mean = 378.90 ng/g dw) > Haliotis diversicolor (mean = 335.28 ng/g dw). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP, mean = 69.85 ng/g dw), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP, mean = 41.39 ng/g dw), dibutyl phthalate (DBP, mean = 130.91 ng/g dw), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, mean = 226.23 ng/g dw) were the most abundant congeners. Notably, DEHP constituted the most predominant fraction (43.98 %) of the 13 PAEs detected in all shellfish from the PRD. Principal component analysis indicated that industrial and domestic emissions served as main sources for the PAE pollution in shellfish from the PRD. It was estimated that the daily intake of PAEs via shellfish consumption among adults and children ranged from 0.004 to 1.27 μg/kgbw/day, without obvious non-cancer risks (< 0.034), but the cancer risks raised some alarm (2.0 × 10-9-1.4 × 10-5). These findings highlight the necessity of focusing on marine environmental pollutants and emphasize the importance of ongoing monitoring of PAE contamination in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Luanxun Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Shuaidan Chang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yiqing Xing
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Chunxue Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
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Tian J, Qian Y, He X, Qi R, Lei J, Wang Q, Feng C. Influencing factors and risk assessment of phthalate ester pollution in the agricultural soil on a tropical island. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142041. [PMID: 38636919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely prevalent in agricultural soil and pose potential risks to crop growth and food safety. However, the current understanding of factors influencing the behavior and fate of PAEs is limited. This study conducted a large-scale investigation (106 sites in 18 counties with 44 crop types) of 16 types of PAEs on a tropical island. Special attention was given to the impacts of land use type, soil environmental conditions, agricultural activity intensity, and urbanization level. The health risks to adults and children from soil PAEs via multiple routes of exposure were also evaluated. The results showed that the mean concentration of PAEs was 451.87 ± 284.08 μg kg-1 in the agricultural soil. Elevated agricultural and urbanization activities contributed to more pronounced contamination by PAEs in the northern and southern regions. Land use type strongly affected the concentration and composition of PAEs in agricultural soils, and the soil PAE concentration decreased in the order of vegetable fields, orchards, paddy fields, and woodlands. In paddy fields, di-isobutyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate made more substantial contributions to the process through which the overlying water inhibited volatilization. Soil microplastic abundance, pesticide usage, crop yield, gross domestic product, and distance to the nearest city were calculated to be the major factors influencing the concentration and distribution of PAEs. Soil pH, organic matter content, microplastic abundance and the fertilizer application rate can affect the adsorption of PAEs by changing the soil environment. A greater risk was detected in the northern region and paddy fields due to the higher soil PAE concentrations and the dietary structure of the population. This study reveals important pathways influencing the sources and fate of PAE pollution in agricultural soils, providing fundamental data for controlling PAE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yibin Qian
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 571127, Haikou, PR China; National Plot Zone for Ecological Conservation (Hainan) Research Center, 571127, Haikou, PR China
| | - Xiaokang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ruifang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jinming Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Chenghong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Lin H, Zhou L, Lu S, Yang H, Li Y, Yang X. Occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of natural and synthetic steroid hormones in soil, water, and sediment systems in suburban agricultural area of Guangzhou City, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134288. [PMID: 38626685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are highly potent compounds that can disrupt the endocrine systems of aquatic organisms. This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution of 49 steroid hormones in agricultural soils, ditch water, and sediment from suburban areas of Guangzhou City, China. The average concentrations of Σsteroid hormones in the water, soils, and sediment were 97.7 ng/L, 4460 ng/kg, and 9140 ng/kg, respectively. Elevated hormone concentrations were notable in water during the flood season compared to the dry season, whereas an inverse trend was observed in soils and sediment. These observations were attributed to illegal wastewater discharge during the flood season, and sediment partitioning of hormones and manure fertilization during the dry season. Correlation analysis further showed that population, precipitation, and number of slaughtered animals significantly influenced the spatial distribution of steroid hormones across various districts. Moreover, there was substantial mass transfer among the three media, with steroid hormones predominantly distributed in the sediment (60.8 %) and soils (34.4 %). Risk quotients, calculated as the measured concentration and predicted no-effect concentration, exceeded 1 at certain sites for some hormones, indicating high risks. This study reveals that the risk assessment of steroid hormones requires consideration of their spatiotemporal variability and inter-media mass transfer dynamics in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Liangzhuo Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shudong Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Han Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), MOA, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), MOA, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Devendrapandi G, Liu X, Balu R, Ayyamperumal R, Valan Arasu M, Lavanya M, Minnam Reddy VR, Kim WK, Karthika PC. Innovative remediation strategies for persistent organic pollutants in soil and water: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118404. [PMID: 38341071 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) provide a serious threat to human health and the environment in soil and water ecosystems. This thorough analysis explores creative remediation techniques meant to address POP pollution. Persistent organic pollutants are harmful substances that may withstand natural degradation processes and remain in the environment for long periods of time. Examples of these pollutants include dioxins, insecticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Because of their extensive existence, cutting-edge and environmentally friendly eradication strategies must be investigated. The most recent advancements in POP clean-up technology for soil and water are evaluated critically in this article. It encompasses a wide range of techniques, such as nanotechnology, phytoremediation, enhanced oxidation processes, and bioremediation. The effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability of each method are assessed. Case studies from different parts of the world show the difficulties and effective uses of these novel techniques. The study also addresses new developments in POP regulation and monitoring, highlighting the need of all-encompassing approaches that include risk assessment and management. In order to combat POP pollution, the integration of diverse remediation strategies, hybrid approaches, and the function of natural attenuation are also examined. Researchers, legislators, and environmental professionals tackling the urgent problem of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil and water should benefit greatly from this study, which offers a complete overview of the many approaches available for remediating POPs in soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Devendrapandi
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang, 441003, Hubei, China.
| | - Ranjith Balu
- Research and Development Cell, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
| | | | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahimaluru Lavanya
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Woo Kyoung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - P C Karthika
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Feng NX, Li DW, Zhang F, Bin H, Huang YT, Xiang L, Liu BL, Cai QY, Li YW, Xu DL, Xie Y, Mo CH. Biodegradation of phthalate acid esters and whole-genome analysis of a novel Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133972. [PMID: 38461665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most extensively used phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and is considered to be an emerging, globally concerning pollutant. The genus Streptomyces holds promise as a degrader of various organic pollutants, but PAE biodegradation mechanisms by Streptomyces species remain unsolved. In this study, a novel PAE-degrading Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats efficiently degraded various PAEs. FZ201 had strong resilience against DBP and exhibited immediate degradation, with kinetics adhering to a first-order model. The comprehensive biodegradation of DBP involves de-esterification, β-oxidation, trans-esterification, and aromatic ring cleavage. FZ201 contains numerous catabolic genes that potentially facilitate PAE biodegradation. The DBP metabolic pathway was reconstructed by genome annotation and intermediate identification. Streptomyces species have an open pangenome with substantial genome expansion events during the evolutionary process, enabling extensive genetic diversity and highly plastic genomes within the Streptomyces genus. FZ201 had a diverse array of highly expressed genes associated with the degradation of PAEs, potentially contributing significantly to its adaptive advantage and efficiency of PAE degradation. Thus, FZ201 is a promising candidate for remediating highly PAE-contaminated environments. These findings enhance our preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by Streptomyces for the removal of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Bin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - De-Lin Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Li L, Lu Y, Wang C, Cheng L. Fabrication of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Dibutyl Phthalates in Food Matrices. Foods 2024; 13:1397. [PMID: 38731768 PMCID: PMC11083936 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric material (Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160) with a metal-organic backbone (Fe3O4@MOF) carrier was prepared using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a template. The material can be used for the efficient, rapid, and selective extraction of trace amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in food and can detect them via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The synthesis conditions of the materials were optimized to prepare the Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 with the highest adsorption performance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), Vibration Sample Magnetic (VSM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were used to characterize the materials. Compared with Fe3O4@MOF and the magnetic non-imprinted polymeric material (Fe3O4@MOF@NIP), Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160 possesses the advantages of easy and rapid manipulation of magnetic materials, the advantages of high specific surface area and the stability of metal-organic frameworks, and the advantages of high selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers. Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160 has good recognition and adsorption capacity for di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): the adsorption capacity for DBP and DEHP is 260 mg·g-1 and 240.2 mg·g-1, and the adsorption rate is fast (reaching equilibrium in about 20 min). Additionally, Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 could be recycled six times, making it cost-effective, easy to operate, and time-saving as compared to traditional solid-phase extraction materials. The phthalate ester content in drinking water, fruit juice, and white wine was analyzed, with recoveries ranging from 70.3% to 100.7%. This proved that Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 was suitable for detecting and removing PAEs from food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
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Li X, Jiang N, Zhang J, Yao X, Liu W, Wang Q, Ding J, Hu Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Wang J. Soil health hazards of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: New perspectives on earthworms from different ecological niches DNA damage, gut microbial disruption and soil enzyme changes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133700. [PMID: 38325098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is perceived an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystem, however, clear and accurate studies to fully understander ecotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of DEHP on the soil fauna remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study conducted a microcosm experiment of two earthworm ecotypes to investigate the ecological hazards of DHEP from multiple perspectives. The results showed that DEHP significantly increased the 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content both in Eisenia foetida (13.76-133.0%) and Metaphire guillelmi (11.01-49.12%), leading to intracellular DNA damage. Meanwhile, DEHP negatively affected the expression of functional genes (ATP-6, NADH1, COX), which may be detrimental to mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress at the gene level. The two earthworm guts shared analogous dominant bacteria however, the incorporation of DEHP drastically suppressed the homogeneity and diversity of the gut microbes, which further disrupted the homeostasis of the gut microbial ecological network. The keystone species in the gut of E. foetida decreased under DEHP stress but increased in the gut of M. guillelmi. Moreover, DEHP presented detrimental effects on soil enzyme activity, which is mainly associated with pollutant levels and earthworm activity. Collectively, the findings expand the understanding of soil ecological health and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the potential exposure risk to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712000, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jin'an 250100, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Zhuran Hu
- Shandong Green and Blue Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China.
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Guo W, Zhang Z, Zhu R, Li Z, Liu C, Xiao H, Xiao H. Pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of phthalate esters in ambient air: A daily continuous monitoring study in the central Chinese city of Nanchang. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141564. [PMID: 38417490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the atmospheric pollution caused by phthalate esters (PAEs) has been increasing due to the widespread use of PAE-containing materials. Existing research on atmospheric PAEs lacks long-term continuous observation and samples from cities in central China. To investigate the pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of PAEs in the ambient air of a typical city in central China, daily PM2.5 samples were collected in Nanchang from November 2020 to October 2021. In this study, the detection and quantification of six significant PAE contaminants, namely diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), were accomplished using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the concentrations of DEP, DnBP, DEHP, and DnOP were relatively high. Higher temperatures promote the volatilization of PAEs, leading to an increase in the gaseous and particulate PAE concentrations in warm seasons and winter pollution scenarios. The results of principal component analysis show that PAEs mainly come from volatile products and polyvinylchloride plastics. Using positive matrix factorization analysis, it is shown that these two sources contribute 67.0% and 33.0% in atmosphere PAEs, respectively. Seasonally, the contribution of volatile products to both gaseous and particulate PAEs substantially increases during warm seasons. The residents in Nanchang exposed to PAEs have a negligible non-cancer risk and a potential low cancer risk. During the warm seasons, more PAEs are emitted into the air, which will increase the toxicity of PAEs and their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Renguo Zhu
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zicong Li
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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He S, Yan C, Wu M, Peng H, Li R, Wan J, Ye X, Zhang H, Ding S. Dibutyl phthalate adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes can aggravate liver injury in mice via the Jak2/STAT3 pathway. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:167-175. [PMID: 38285958 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241230701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are common environmental pollutants and may degrade differently with different resulting biotoxicity, when present together. This study investigated the toxicological effects of singular or combined exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in KM mice. Results indicated that combined exposure led to slower weight gain and an increased leukocyte count in the blood, as well as liver tissue lesions and downregulation of organ coefficients. Additionally, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were elevated in the liver, and glucose, pyruvate, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-CHO) were significantly reduced, suggesting compromised liver function. Furthermore, mRNA levels of genes related to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism were significantly altered. These findings suggest that combined exposure to DBP and MWCNTs can have severe impacts on liver function in mice, highlighting the importance of considering interactions between multiple contaminants in environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Estoppey N, Castro G, Slinde GA, Hansen CB, Løseth ME, Krahn KM, Demmer V, Svenni J, Tran TVAT, Asimakopoulos AG, Arp HPH, Cornelissen G. Exposure assessment of plastics, phthalate plasticizers and their transformation products in diverse bio-based fertilizers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170501. [PMID: 38307289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) produced from organic waste have the potential to reduce societal dependence on limited and energy-intensive mineral fertilizers. BBFs, thereby, contribute to a circular economy for fertilizers. However, BBFs can contain plastic fragments and hazardous additives such as phthalate plasticizers, which could constitute a risk for agricultural soils and the environment. This study assessed the exposure associated with plastic and phthalates in BBFs from three types of organic wastes: agricultural and food industry waste (AgriFoodInduWaste), sewage sludge (SewSludge), and biowaste (i.e., garden, park, food and kitchen waste). The wastes were associated with various treatments like drying, anaerobic digestion, and vermicomposting. The number of microplastics (0.045-5 mm) increased from AgriFoodInduWaste-BBFs (15-258 particles g-1), to SewSludge-BBFs (59-1456 particles g-1) and then to Biowaste-BBFs (828-2912 particles g-1). Biowaste-BBFs mostly contained packaging plastics (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate), with the mass of plastic (>10 g kg-1) exceeding the EU threshold (3 g kg-1, plastics >2 mm). Other BBFs mostly contained small (< 1 mm) non-packaging plastics in amounts below the EU limit. The calculated numbers of microplastics entering agricultural soils via BBF application was high (107-1010 microplastics ha-1y-1), but the mass of plastic released from AgriFoodInduWaste-BBFs and SewSludge-BBFs was limited (< 1 and <7 kg ha-1y-1) compared to Biowaste-BBFs (95-156 kg ha-1y-1). The concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP; < 2.5 mg kg-1) and phthalate transformation products (< 8 mg kg-1) were low (< benchmark of 50 mg kg-1 for DEHP), attributable to both the current phase-out of DEHP as well as phthalate degradation during waste treatment. The Biowaste-BBF exposed to vermicomposting indicated that worms accumulated phthalate transformation products (4 mg kg-1). These results are overall positive for the implementation of the studied AgriFoodInduWaste-BBFs and SewSludge-BBFs. However, the safe use of the studied Biowaste-BBFs requires reducing plastic use and improving sorting methods to minimize plastic contamination, in order to protect agricultural soils and reduce the environmental impact of Biowaste-BBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Estoppey
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gabriela Castro
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute for Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gøril Aasen Slinde
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Berge Hansen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Engvig Løseth
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Viona Demmer
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Svenni
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet, 0176 Oslo, Norway
| | - Teresa-Van-Anh Thi Tran
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet, 0176 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
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Masinga P, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in the soil-plant-receptor continuum: transport, fate, health risks, and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:367. [PMID: 38488937 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privilege Masinga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Yang X, Xu J, Chen X, Yao M, Pei M, Yang Y, Gao P, Zhang C, Wang Z. Co-exposure of butyl benzyl phthalate and TiO 2 nanomaterials (anatase) in Metaphire guillelmi: Gut health implications by transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120429. [PMID: 38387344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an abundance of plastic face masks has been consumed and disposed of in the environment. In addition, substantial amounts of plastic mulch film have been used in intensive agriculture with low recovery. Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and TiO2 nanomaterials (nTiO2) are widely applied in plastic products, leading to the inevitable release of BBP and nTiO2 into the soil system. However, the impact of co-exposure of BBP and nTiO2 at low concentrations on earthworms remains understudied. In the present study, transcriptomics was applied to reveal the effects of individual BBP and nTiO2 exposures at a concentration of 1 mg kg-1, along with the combined exposure of BBP and nTiO2 (1 mg kg-1 BBP + 1 mg kg-1 nTiO2 (anatase)) on Metaphire guillelmi. The result showed that BBP and nTiO2 exposures have the potential to induce neurodegeneration through glutamate accumulation, tau protein, and oxidative stress in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, as well as metabolism dysfunction. The present study contributes to our understanding of the toxic mechanisms of emerging contaminants at environmentally relevant levels and prompts consideration of the management of BBP and nTiO2 within the soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengyao Yao
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengyuan Pei
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yujian Yang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215009, China
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50
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Liang X, Liang J, Zhang S, Yan H, Luan T. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate disrupts hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice by activating the LXR/SREBP-1c and PPAR-α signaling pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169919. [PMID: 38199361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a widely utilized plasticizer, has been described as a potential obesogen based on in vivo disruption of hepatic lipid homeostasis and in vitro promotion of lipid accumulation. However, limited literature exists regarding the specific ramifications of DEHP exposure on obese individuals, and the precise mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of DEHP exposure remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of DEHP on hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice by comparing them to normal mice. Following a 10-week DEHP exposure period, the obese mice exhibited higher blood lipid levels, more severe hepatic steatosis, and more infiltrations of inflammatory cells in liver tissue than normal mice. Interestingly, the body weight of the mice exhibited no significant alteration. In addition, transcriptomic analyses revealed that both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation contributed to hepatic lipid metabolism dysregulation following DEHP exposure. More specifically, alterations in the transcription of genes associated with hepatic lipid metabolism were linked to the different responses to DEHP exposure observed in normal and obese mice. Additionally, the outcomes of in vitro experiments validated the in vivo findings and demonstrated that DEHP exposure could modify hepatic lipid metabolism in normal mice by activating the LXR/SREBP-1c signaling pathway to promote lipogenesis. At the same time, DEHP exposure led to inhibition of the Camkkβ/AMPK pathway to suppress β-fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, in obese mice, DEHP exposure was found to be associated with the stimulation of both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via activation of the LXR/SREBP-1c and PPAR-α signaling pathways, respectively. The findings presented in this study first elucidate the contrasting mechanisms underlying DEHP-induced liver damage in obese and normal mice, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of DEHP-induced liver damage in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Jiehua Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haowei Yan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China.; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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