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Liu Q, Xu M, Qiu M, Yu J, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Lin Q, Cai X, Yang L, Zhao H, Zhao C, Xie X. Solamargine improves the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting STAT1 activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155538. [PMID: 38552432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of solamargine on lung adenocarcinoma and its effect on STAT1 signaling pathway mediated immune escape were studied through network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments. METHODS The solamargine targets were screened using the TCMSP and the LUAD targets were screened using the GeneCard, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD and DrugBank databases. PPI network analysis and target prediction were performed using GO and KEGG. Colony formation assay, EDU staining, wound healing, transwell assay, Hoechst and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of solamargine on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of LUAD. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect P-STAT1 and PD-L1 expression. And immunofluorescence was used to detect P-STAT1 expression. In vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group, low concentration group, high concentration group, positive control group and combination group. Every other day, following seven consecutive doses, the size of the tumor was assessed. Finally, the expressions of P-STAT1, STAT1, PD-L1 and apoptosis index proteins were detected by WB. RESULTS The anti-LUAD effect of solamargine was found by wound healing, colony formation assay, transwell assay, hoechst and EdU staining. The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that solamargine could suppress STAT1 expression level. Further enrichment assay of STAT1 showed that STAT1 was associated with immune-related pathways. In addition, molecular signal analysis by WB and RT-qPCR indicated that solamargine could reduce the expression levels of P-STAT1 and PD-L1 in a concentration-dependent manner. According to the results of in vivo assays, combination of solamargine and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) durvalumab could significantly inhibit the growth of Lewis transplanted tumors in C57BL/6 mice, and no toxic side effect was recoded. CONCLUSION These results indicated that solamargine could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of LUAD. It also could reduce the expression level of P-STAT1 protein and inhibit the expression level of PD-L1. At the same time, the combination with the ICIs can better block the expression of PD-L1 in cells, thereby inhibiting the immune escape pathway of tumor cells and achieving anti-tumor effects. This study proposed a novel combined therapeutic approach, involving the inhibition of STAT1 by solamargine in conjunction with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Min Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mengjie Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Junhan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xueding Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Xiaona Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Adico MDW, Bayala B, Bunay J, Baron S, Simpore J, Lobaccaro JMA. Contribution of Sub-Saharan African medicinal plants to cancer research: Scientific basis 2013-2023. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107138. [PMID: 38467241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. Cancer treatment remains a real challenge for African countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where funding and resources are very limited. High costs, side effects and drug resistance associated with cancer treatment have encouraged scientists to invest in research into new herbal cancer drugs. In order to identify potential anticancer plants for drug development, this review aims to collect and summarize anticancer activities (in vitro/in vivo) and molecular mechanisms of sub-Saharan African medicinal plant extracts against cancer cell lines. Scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed were used to search for research articles published from January 2013 to May 2023 on anticancer medicinal plants in sub-Saharan Africa. The data were analyzed to highlight the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of action of these listed plants. A total of 85 research papers covering 204 medicinal plant species were selected for this review. These plants come from 57 families, the most dominant being the plants of the family Amaryllidaceae (16), Fabaceae (14), Annonaceae (10), Asteraceae (10). Plant extracts exert their anticancer activity mainly by inducing apoptosis and stopping the cell cycle of cancer cells. Several plant extracts from sub-Saharan Africa therefore have strong potential for the search for original anticancer phytochemicals. Chemoproteomics, multi-omics, genetic editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9), combined therapies and artificial intelligence tools are cutting edge emerging technologies that facilitate the discovery and structural understanding of anticancer molecules of medicinal plants, reveal their direct targets, explore their therapeutic uses and molecular bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D W Adico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Bagora Bayala
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Julio Bunay
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France.
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Thakur M, Verma R, Kumar D, Das PP, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kuca K, Azizov S, Kumar D. Revisiting the ethnomedicinal, ethnopharmacological, phytoconstituents and phytoremediation of the plant Solanum viarum Dunal. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03034-6. [PMID: 38498057 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Solanum viarum, a perennial shrub, belongs to the family Solanaceae known for its therapeutic value worldwide. As a beneficial remedial plant, it is used for treating several disorders like dysentery, diabetes, inflammation, and respiratory disorders. Phytochemistry studies of this plant have shown the presence of steroidal glycoside alkaloids, including solasonine, solasodine, and solamargine. It also has flavonoids, saponins, minerals, and other substances. S. viarum extracts and compounds possess a variety of pharmacological effects, including antipyretic, antioxidant, antibacterial, insecticidal, analgesic, and anticancer activity. Most of the heavy metals accumulate in the aerial sections of the plant which is considered a potential phytoremediation, a highly effective method for the treatment of metal-polluted soils. We emphasize the forgoing outline of S. viarum, as well as its ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmacological applications, the chemistry of its secondary metabolites, and heavy metal toxicity. In addition to describing the antitumor activity of compounds and their mechanisms of action isolated from S. viarum, liabilities are also explained and illustrated, including any significant chemical or metabolic stability and toxicity risks. A comprehensive list of information was compiled from Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using different key phrases (traditional use, ethnomedicinal plants, western Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, S viarum, and biological activity). According to the findings of this study, we hope that this review will inspire further studies along the drug discovery pathway of the chemicals extracted from the plant of S. viarum. Further, this review shows that ethnopharmacological information from ethnomedicinal plants can be a promising approach to drug discovery for cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Priyanku Pradip Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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Jan S, Iram S, Bashir O, Shah SN, Kamal MA, Rahman S, Kim J, Jan AT. Unleashed Treasures of Solanaceae: Mechanistic Insights into Phytochemicals with Therapeutic Potential for Combatting Human Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:724. [PMID: 38475570 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants that possess a diverse range of bioactive compounds are essential for maintaining human health and survival. The diversity of bioactive compounds with distinct therapeutic potential contributes to their role in health systems, in addition to their function as a source of nutrients. Studies on the genetic makeup and composition of bioactive compounds have revealed them to be rich in steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. The Solanaceae family, having a rich abundance of bioactive compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activities, holds significant promise in the management of different diseases. Investigation into Solanum species has revealed them to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerogenic effects. Phytochemical analysis of isolated compounds such as diosgenin, solamargine, solanine, apigenin, and lupeol has shown them to be cytotoxic in different cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-772), lung cancer (A549, H441, H520), human breast cancer (HBL-100), and prostate cancer (PC3). Since analysis of their phytochemical constituents has shown them to have a notable effect on several signaling pathways, a great deal of attention has been paid to identifying the biological targets and cellular mechanisms involved therein. Considering the promising aspects of bioactive constituents of different Solanum members, the main emphasis was on finding and reporting notable cultivars, their phytochemical contents, and their pharmacological properties. This review offers mechanistic insights into the bioactive ingredients intended to treat different ailments with the least harmful effects for potential applications in the advancement of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Department of School Education, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheezma Nazir Shah
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Keuter L, Wolbeck A, Kasimir M, Schürmann L, Behrens M, Humpf HU. Structural Impact of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Barrier Integrity, Permeability, Metabolism, and Uptake in Intestinal Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300639. [PMID: 38389193 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Potato tubers represent an essential food component all over the world and an important supplier of carbohydrates, fiber, and valuable proteins. However, besides their health promoting effects, potatoes contain α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Other solanaceous plants like eggplants and tomatoes produce SGAs as well, different in their chemical structure. This study aims to investigate toxic effects (cholinesterase inhibition, membrane, and barrier disruption), permeability, metabolism, and structure-activity relationships of SGAs. METHODS AND RESULTS α-solanine, α-chaconine, α-solasonine, α-solamargine, α-tomatine, and their respective aglycones solanidine, solasodine, and tomatidine are analyzed using Ellman assay, cellular impedance spectroscopy, cell extraction, and Caco-2 intestinal model. Additionally, metabolism is analyzed by HPLC-MS techniques. The study observes dependencies of barrier disrupting potential and cellular uptake on the carbohydrate moiety of SGAs, while permeability and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition are dominated by the steroid backbone. SGAs show low permeabilities across Caco-2 monolayers in subtoxic concentrations. In contrast, their respective aglycones reveal higher permeabilities, but are extensively metabolized. CONCLUSION Besides structure-activity relationships, this study provides new information on the overall effects of steroidal alkaloids on intestinal cells and closes a gap of knowledge for the metabolic pathway from oral uptake to final excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Keuter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alessa Wolbeck
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Kasimir
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Behrens
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Wu W, Yao S, Huang J, Qing J, Shi Q, Huang J, Qiu X, Zhuang Y. The Expression of ZNF268 and Its Role in The Cisplatin-based Chemoresistance of Breast Cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18779. [PMID: 37664731 PMCID: PMC10469720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in females worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cancer death and disability in women. Multiple therapies have been applied to breast cancer treatment; however, the long-term survival rate remains low. Although cisplatin has been widely utilized for cancer therapy, chemoresistance still influences the outcome. Methods After collecting the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 treated with or without cisplatin and sample information from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA), we screened out their common parameters and influences on the prognoses of patients' potential targets. Surgical excisional tissue sections of patients with breast cancer who were admitted and treated in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital from 2017 to 2020 was collected and follow up. After a series of assays combined with clinical information, we tested the reliability of the target. Results We found that a high expression level of ZNF268 in breast cancer cell lines significantly enhances the sensitivity to cisplatin, contrary to the effects of low expression. Furthermore, a significantly worse prognosis was observed in patients with a high expression of ZNF268 after cisplatin chemotherapy. Conclusion The expression level of ZNF268 in breast cancer patients after cisplatin chemotherapy may become a potential target to predict the chemoresistance of patients to cisplatin. This study provides a novel idea for improving breast cancer treatment and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Shucong Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jialin Qing
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingmei Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Xingsheng Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiang Zhuang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
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Brown G. Targeting the Retinoic Acid Pathway to Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032373. [PMID: 36768694 PMCID: PMC9916838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid is a morphogen during embryogenesis and a teratogen. Cancer is an error of development, and the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) for all-trans retinoic acid play a role in cancer. Expression of the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenases, which mediate the last step to the synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid, is deregulated in various human cancers. Inhibiting these enzymes using a variety of agents reduced the proliferation of lung cancer cells, reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis of ovarian, prostate, squamous, and uterine cancer cells, and sensitised breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. RARγ is an oncogene within some cases of AML, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. Pan-RAR and RARγ antagonist inhibition of the action of RARγ led to necroptosis of human prostate and pediatric brain tumour cancer stem cells. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with the flavenoid acacetin, which interferes with the action of RARγ, decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis. Targeting the retinoic acid pathway is promising regarding the development of new drugs to eradicate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Han Y, Shi J, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Cao X, Yu J, Li J, Xu S. Identification of solamargine as a cisplatin sensitizer through phenotypical screening in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC organoids. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:802168. [PMID: 36034794 PMCID: PMC9399411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.802168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Cisplatin (DDP) is a widely used first-line chemotherapy medication, DDP resistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure in advanced lung cancer. Therefore, it is urgent to identify DDP sensitizers and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we utilized DDP-resistant organoids established from tumor biopsies of patients with relapsed lung cancers. In this study, we identified Solamargine as a potential DDP sensitizer through screening a natural product library. Mechanically, Solamargine induced G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in DDP-resistant lung cancer cell lines. Gene expression analysis and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the hedgehog pathway was suppressed by Solamargine. Moreover, Gli responsive element (GRE) reporter gene assay and BODIPY-cyclopamine binding assay showed that Solamargine inhibited the hedgehog pathway via direct binding to SMO protein. Interestingly, Solamargine and DDP showed a synergetic effect in inhibiting DDP-resistant lung cancer cell lines. Taken together, our work herein revealed Solamargine as a hedgehog pathway inhibitor and DDP-sensitizer, which might provide a new direction for further treatment of advanced DDP-resistant lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianquan Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Oncology, Wang Jing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Shaofa Xu,
| | - Shaofa Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Shaofa Xu,
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Meng Y, Jin M, Yuan D, Zhao Y, Kong X, Guo X, Wang X, Hou J, Wang B, Song W, Tang Y. Solamargine Inhibits the Development of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Decreasing LncRNA HOXA11-As Expression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887387. [PMID: 35903338 PMCID: PMC9315292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is one of the high mortality cancers with a poor prognosis, which is driving the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. We identified the anticancer effects of a natural compound, solamargine (SM), on FaDU cells and explored its mechanism in terms of non-coding RNA. It was observed that SM inhibited the proliferation of FaDU cells with an IC50 of 5.17 μM. High-throughput sequencing data revealed that lncRNA HOXA11-AS was significantly downregulated in cells co-incubated with SM. Further assays demonstrated that SM-induced downregulation of lncRNA HOXA11-AS showed important implications for apoptosis. Given the properties of HOXA11-AS as a miR-155 sponge, we further confirmed that SM upregulated the expression of miR-155 in FaDU cells. C-Myc is a transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation and apoptosis, whose mRNA is considered to be targeted by miR-155. We showed that c-Myc expression was downregulated by SM and accompanied by increased apoptosis, which was consistent with the findings of transcriptome sequencing. Furthermore, SM administration suppressed xenograft tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. In the light of the aforementioned findings, our results suggested that SM downregulated the expression of HOXA11-AS, which in turn induces apoptosis by downregulating c-Myc in FaDU, providing evidence for the anticancer effect of SM on HSCC and uncovering the effect of SM on non-coding RNAs as, at least partly, a mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengli Jin
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dai Yuan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Rehabilitation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Center of Infections Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangri Kong
- Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuerui Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingye Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Rehabilitation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Hou
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Rehabilitation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bingmei Wang, ; Wu Song, ; Yong Tang,
| | - Wu Song
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bingmei Wang, ; Wu Song, ; Yong Tang,
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bingmei Wang, ; Wu Song, ; Yong Tang,
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10
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Xiang ML, Hu BY, Qi ZH, Wang XN, Xie TZ, Wang ZJ, Ma DY, Zeng Q, Luo XD. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35701630 PMCID: PMC9198197 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Furtado RA, Ozelin SD, Ferreira NH, Miura BA, Almeida Junior S, Magalhães GM, Nassar EJ, Miranda MA, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Antitumor activity of solamargine in mouse melanoma model: relevance to clinical safety. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:131-142. [PMID: 34612163 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1984348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, and thus it is important to develop new drugs for its treatment. The present study aimed to examine the antitumor effects of solamargine a major alkaloid heteroside present in Solanum lycocarpum fruit. In addition solamargine was incorporated into nanoparticles (NP) of yttrium vanadate functionalized with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (YVO4:Eu3+:CPTES:SM) to determine antitumor activity. The anti-melanoma assessment was performed using a syngeneic mouse melanoma model B16F10 cell line. In addition, systemic toxicity, nephrotoxic, and genotoxic parameters were assessed. Solamargine, at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg/day administered subcutaneously to male C57BL/6 mice for 5 days, decreased tumor size and frequency of mitoses in tumor tissue, indicative of a decrease in cell proliferation. Treatments with YVO4:Eu3+:CPTES:SM significantly reduced the number of mitoses in tumor tissue, associated with no change in tumor size. There were no apparent signs of systemic toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and genotoxicity initiated by treatments either with solamargine alone or plant alkaloid incorporated into NP. The animals treated with YVO4:Eu3+:CPTES:SM exhibited significant increase in spleen weight accompanied by no apparent histological changes in all tissues examined. In addition, animals treated with solamargine (10 mg/kg/day) and YVO4:Eu3+:CPTES:SM demonstrated significant reduction in hepatic DNA damage which was induced by tumor growth. Therefore, data suggest that solamargine may be considered a promising candidate in cancer therapy with no apparent toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariza Abreu Miranda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Oladosu Y, Rafii MY, Arolu F, Chukwu SC, Salisu MA, Olaniyan BA, Fagbohun IK, Muftaudeen TK. Genetic Diversity and Utilization of Cultivated Eggplant Germplasm in Varietal Improvement. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081714. [PMID: 34451758 PMCID: PMC8399446 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eggplant is the fifth economically most important vegetable in the Solanaceae family after tomato, potato, chili, and tobacco. Apart from the well-cultivated brinjal or aubergine eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), two other underutilized eggplant species, the African eggplant (S. macrocarpon L.) and the scarlet eggplant (S. aethiopicum L.), were also cultivated with local importance where the leaves and fruits are used for food and medicinal purposes. The major objectives of the eggplant breeding program are to improve fruit quality, increase yield performance through heterosis breeding, and introduce pest and disease resistances from wild relatives. Europe and Asia hold a wide collection of germplasm resources with significant potential for genetic improvement. While cultivated eggplant is susceptible to several fungi and bacteria, many wild relatives offer potential resistance to these pathogens. In this paper, we review the genetic resources and diversity of cultivated eggplant and its wild relatives. As a point of departure, we examine the economic importance, domestication, taxonomy characterization, and relationships of the crop and its wild relatives. The importance of evaluating and safeguarding wild relatives is highlighted, as crop wild relatives are highly underrepresented. A key section in this study is an overview dedicated to genetic resources, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, pre-breeding, and breeding for sustainable eggplant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuff Oladosu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Y.O.); (F.A.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Mohd Y. Rafii
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Y.O.); (F.A.); (S.C.C.)
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Fatai Arolu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Y.O.); (F.A.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Samuel Chibuike Chukwu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Y.O.); (F.A.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Monsuru Adekunle Salisu
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty Technical and Vocational, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia;
| | - Bolanle Amudalat Olaniyan
- Departments of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Bodija 200284, Nigeria;
| | | | - Taoheed Kolawole Muftaudeen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences, Baze University, Abuja 900102, Nigeria;
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13
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Miranda MA, Marcato PD, Mondal A, Chowdhury N, Gebeyehu A, Surapaneni SK, Bentley MVLB, Amaral R, Pan CX, Singh M. Cytotoxic and chemosensitizing effects of glycoalkaloidic extract on 2D and 3D models using RT4 and patient derived xenografts bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111460. [PMID: 33321591 PMCID: PMC8694857 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids have been widely demonstrated as potential anticancer agents. However, the chemosensitizing effect of these compounds with traditional chemotherapeutic agents has not been explored yet. In a quest for novel effective therapies to treat bladder cancer (BC), we evaluated the chemosensitizing potential of glycoalkaloidic extract (GE) with cisplatin (cDDP) in RT4 and PDX cells using 2D and 3D cell culture models. Additionally, we also investigated the underlying molecular mechanism behind this effect in RT4 cells. Herein, we observed that PDX cells were highly resistant to cisplatin when compared to RT4 cells. IC50 values showed at least 2.16-folds and 1.4-folds higher in 3D cultures when compared to 2D monolayers in RT4 cells and PDX cells, respectively. GE + cDDP inhibited colony formation (40%) and migration (28.38%) and induced apoptosis (57%) in RT4 cells. Combination therapy induced apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 (p < 0.001), Bcl-xL (p < 0.001) and survivin (p < 0.01), and activating the caspase cascade in RT4 cells. Moreover, decreased expression of MMP-2 and 9 (p < 0.01) were observed with combination therapy, implying its effect on cell invasion/migration. Furthermore, we used 3D bioprinting to grow RT4 spheroids using sodium alginate-gelatin as a bioink and evaluated the effect of GE + cDDP on this system. Cell viability assay showed the chemosensitizing effect of GE with cDDP on bio-printed spheroids. In summary, we showed the cytotoxicity effect of GE on BC cells and also demonstrated that GE could sensitize BC cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Abreu Miranda
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Priscyla Daniely Marcato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Arindam Mondal
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Nusrat Chowdhury
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Aragaw Gebeyehu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | - Robson Amaral
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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14
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Cruceriu D, Diaconeasa Z, Socaci S, Socaciu C, Balacescu O, Rakosy-Tican E. Extracts of the Wild Potato Species Solanum chacoense on Breast Cancer Cells: Biochemical Characterization, In Vitro Selective Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:630-641. [PMID: 32372670 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1761407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solanum chacoense (wild potato) is intensively used in breeding, its biochemical profile and putative human health-related traits being transferred into potato cultivars aimed for consumption. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biochemical profile and the anti-tumor potential of methanolic extracts obtained from S. chacoense leaves and tubers against three breast cancer cell lines in comparison to healthy endothelial cells (HUVEC). The biochemical profile of the extracts was determined by HPLC-PDA/-ESI+-MS and ITEX/GC-MS, the selective cytotoxicity by MTT assay whereas RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes. Both extracts proved to be rich in phenolic acids and volatile compounds, the leaf extract also containing glycoalkaloids. Both extracts proved to be cytotoxic for breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values varying between 132.9 and 390.7 µg/ml. Both extracts had selective cytotoxicity against MCF7 cell line in comparison to HUVECs (selectivity coefficients >2.3). The treatment with the extracts induced overexpression of the pro-apoptotic gene BAX¸ down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 and the pro-proliferation genes NFkB, CCND1, and STAT3. Thus S. chacoense extracts proved to be rich in compounds with anticancer proprieties and are capable of inducing selective cytotoxicity on MCF7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cruceriu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Socaci
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Rakosy-Tican
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Screening the effect of different extraction methods (ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid–liquid extraction) on the recovery of glycoalkaloids from potato peels: Optimisation of the extraction conditions using chemometric tools. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Cisplatin-resistant triple-negative breast cancer subtypes: multiple mechanisms of resistance. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1039. [PMID: 31684899 PMCID: PMC6829976 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding mechanisms underlying specific chemotherapeutic responses in subtypes of cancer may improve identification of treatment strategies most likely to benefit particular patients. For example, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have variable response to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Understanding the basis of treatment response in cancer subtypes will lead to more informed decisions about selection of treatment strategies. METHODS In this study we used an integrative functional genomics approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying known cisplatin-response differences among subtypes of TNBC. To identify changes in gene expression that could explain mechanisms of resistance, we examined 102 evolutionarily conserved cisplatin-associated genes, evaluating their differential expression in the cisplatin-sensitive, basal-like 1 (BL1) and basal-like 2 (BL2) subtypes, and the two cisplatin-resistant, luminal androgen receptor (LAR) and mesenchymal (M) subtypes of TNBC. RESULTS We found 20 genes that were differentially expressed in at least one subtype. Fifteen of the 20 genes are associated with cell death and are distributed among all TNBC subtypes. The less cisplatin-responsive LAR and M TNBC subtypes show different regulation of 13 genes compared to the more sensitive BL1 and BL2 subtypes. These 13 genes identify a variety of cisplatin-resistance mechanisms including increased transport and detoxification of cisplatin, and mis-regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS We identified gene signatures in resistant TNBC subtypes indicative of mechanisms of cisplatin. Our results indicate that response to cisplatin in TNBC has a complex foundation based on impact of treatment on distinct cellular pathways. We find that examination of expression data in the context of heterogeneous data such as drug-gene interactions leads to a better understanding of mechanisms at work in cancer therapy response.
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17
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Miranda MA, Mondal A, Sachdeva M, Cabral H, Neto YAAH, Khan I, Groppo M, McChesney JD, Bastos JK. Chemosensitizing Effect of Cernumidine Extracted from Solanum cernuum on Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900334. [PMID: 31448497 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cernumidine (CER) is a guanidinic alkaloid isolated from Solanum cernuum leaves. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity, chemosensitizing effect of cernumidine to cisplatin (cDDP) and the possible mechanism of action of the combination on bladder cancer cells. Cernumidine showed cytotoxicity and could sensitize bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. The combination of CER+cDDP inhibited cell migration on T24 cells. CER+cDDP down-regulated MMP-2/9 and p-ERK1/2, while it increased EGFR activity corroborating the observed cell migration inhibition. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation pro-apoptotic Bax and further depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) indicates that mitochondria play a central role in the combination treatment inducing the mitochondrial signaling pathway of apoptosis in T24 cells. Our data showed that the alkaloid cernumidine is worthy of further studies as a chemosensitizing agent to be used in complementary chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza A Miranda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arindam Mondal
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Sachdeva
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Youssef A A H Neto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ikhlas Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Milton Groppo
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James D McChesney
- Ironstone Separations, Inc. 147 County Road 245, Etta, Mississippi, 38627, USA
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Glycoalkaloids: Structure, Properties, and Interactions with Model Membrane Systems. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoalkaloids which are secondary metabolites from plants have proven to be of significant interest for their biological properties both in terms of their roles in plant biology and the effects they exhibit when ingested by humans. The main feature of the action of glycoalkaloids is their strong binding to 3β-hydroxysterols, such as cholesterol, to form complexes with the consequence that membrane structure is significantly perturbed, and leakage or release of contents inside cells or liposomes becomes possible. The glycoalkaloids have been studied for their ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and in other roles such as vaccine adjuvants and as synergistic agents when combined with other therapeutics. The glycoalkaloids have rich and complex physical behavior when interacting with model membranes for which many aspects are yet to be understood. This review introduces the general properties of glycoalkaloids and aspects of their behavior, and then summarizes their effects against model membrane systems. While there are many glycoalkaloids that have been identified, most physical or biological studies have focused on the readily available ones from tomatoes (α-tomatine), potatoes (α-chaconine and α-solanine), and eggplant (α-solamargine and α-solasonine).
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19
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Miranda MA, Marcato PD, Carvalho IPS, Silva LB, Ribeiro DL, Amaral R, Swiech K, Bastos JK, Paschoal JAR, Dos Reis RB, Bentley MVLB. Assessing the cytotoxic potential of glycoalkaloidic extract in nanoparticles against bladder cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1520-1531. [PMID: 31385306 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study proposed to use the nanotechnology to deliver glycoalkaloidic extract (AE) to bladder cancer cells, evaluating their activity in 2D and 3D models and the biological mechanism of cell death. METHODS NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using polylactic acid (PLA) and characterized considering their size, charge, particle concentration and stability. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in 2D and 3D model, and the apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated using flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS NPs loading AE (NP-AE) had diameter around 125 ± 6 nm (PdI <0.1) and negative charge. The encapsulation efficiency of SM and SS was higher than 85% for both compounds. The obtained formulation showed a significant in-vitro cytotoxic effect against RT4 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 two fold lower than the free AE. The cytotoxic effect of NP-AE was mediated by apoptosis and cell cycle arrested in the S phase. RT4 cells cultured under 3D conditions exhibited a higher resistance to the treatments (IC50 ~ three fold higher than in 2D cell culture). CONCLUSION The NP-AE might be a promising nanocarrier to load and deliver glycoalkaloids against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza A Miranda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscyla D Marcato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivana P S Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego L Ribeiro
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Amaral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas A R Paschoal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B Dos Reis
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria V L B Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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An W, Lai H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lin X, Cao S. Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31354479 PMCID: PMC6639427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and shown clinically beneficial effects in cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion for the role, pharmacology, related biology, and possible mechanism(s) of a number of important anticancer TCMs and their derivatives mainly targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. It may have important clinical implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Honglin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Liu J, Wang Z, Xu C, Qi Y, Zhang Q. Solamargine inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of CM-319 human chordoma cells through suppression of notch pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:509-519. [PMID: 35116783 PMCID: PMC8798112 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Solamargine (SM), which represents a natural steroid alkaloid glycoside compound and a cytotoxic agent, has been proved to enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to tumor necrosis factors (TNFs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of SM in chordoma. Methods Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were performed to detect the expressions of related mRNAs and proteins. Results The results revealed that SM distinctly suppressed the proliferation of CM-319 cells. SM significantly induced the CM-319 cells apoptosis through up-regulating the expression levels of Caspase-3/8/9. The cell cycle of CM-319 cells was blocked by SM in G1 phase. Moreover, SM could significantly suppress the Notch pathway in CM-319 cells. Conclusions In conclusion, SM suppressed the proliferation and enhanced the apoptosis ability of CM-319 cells via suppressing the Notch pathway. The results suggested that SM might be a novel therapeutic agent and supported the utilization of SM in chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qiuhang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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22
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Fu R, Wang X, Hu Y, Du H, Dong B, Ao S, Zhang L, Sun Z, Zhang L, Lv G, Ji J. Solamargine inhibits gastric cancer progression by regulating the expression of lncNEAT1_2 via the MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1545-1554. [PMID: 30864686 PMCID: PMC6438418 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solamargine, a derivative from the steroidal solasodine in Solanum species, has exhibited anticancer activities in numerous types of cancer; however, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the present study, it was demonstrated that Solamargine suppressed the viability of five gastric cancer cell lines in a dose‑dependent manner and induced notable alterations in morphology. Treatment with Solamargine promoted cell apoptosis (P<0.01). Solamargine increased the expression of long noncoding RNA (lnc) p53 induced transcript and lnc nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1)_2 (P<0.01) in GC by reducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK). To gain insight into the potential mechanism, an Erk1/2 inhibitor (U0126) was applied. The results revealed that lncNEAT1_2 expression levels increased, which was consistent with the effects of Solamargine. Downregulation of lncNEAT1_2 in GC cells revealed no effect on the expression levels of total Erk1/2 and, and counteracted the effect of Solamargine. Solamargine was observed to increase the expression of lncNEAT1_2 via the Erk1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. Of note, the knockdown of lncNEAT1_2 reduced the inhibitory effect of Solamargine (P<0.05). Additionally, experiments in vivo and in primary GC cells from patients demonstrated that Solamargine significantly suppressed tumor growth (P<0.05). In vivo analysis of a xenograft mouse model further supported that Solamargine could induce the apoptosis of cancer cells in tumor tissue as observed by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP‑biotin nick end labeling and H&E staining (P<0.05). Experiments in primary GC cells from patients verified the anti‑tumor effect of Solamargine. In summary, the findings of the present study indicated that Solamargine inhibited the progression of GC by regulating lncNeat1_2 via the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjia Fu
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Central Biobank, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Central Biobank, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Ao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Sun
- K2 Oncology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100061, P.R. China
| | - Lianhai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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23
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Xie X, Zhang X, Chen J, Tang X, Wang M, Zhang L, Guo Z, Shen W. Fe3O4-solamargine induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:905-915. [PMID: 30483763 PMCID: PMC6365027 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4-magnetic liposome (MLP) can deliver drugs to target tissues and can increase drug efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of solamargine (SM) and Fe3O4-SM in pancreatic cancer (PC). Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting kit‑8 assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression was tested using a flow cytometry assay. A scratch assay was used to examine cell metastasis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis or immunohistochemical analysis were performed to determine the expression of target factors. Magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling were conducted to detect tumor growth and apoptosis in vivo, respectively. It was demonstrated that Fe3O4-SM inhibited cancer cell growth via a slow release of SM over an extended period of time. SM was revealed to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, SM decreased the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, Survivin, Ki‑67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, but increased the activity of caspase-3. It was also observed that SM inhibited tumor cell metastasis by modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor-2. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mechanistic target of rapamycin was suppressed by SM. Notably, the effect of SM was enhanced by Fe3O4-SM. The malignant growth of PC was decreased by SM in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of Ki‑67 was decreased by SM and Fe3O4-SM. Additionally, cell apoptosis was increased in the Fe3O4-SM group, compared with the SM group. The present study illustrated the antitumor effect and action mec-hanism produced by SM. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Fe3O4-SM was more effective than SM in protecting against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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24
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Dey P, Kundu A, Chakraborty HJ, Kar B, Choi WS, Lee BM, Bhakta T, Atanasov AG, Kim HS. Therapeutic value of steroidal alkaloids in cancer: Current trends and future perspectives. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1731-1744. [PMID: 30387881 PMCID: PMC6767045 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovery and development of new potentially selective anticancer agents are necessary to prevent a global cancer health crisis. Currently, alternative medicinal agents derived from plants have been extensively investigated to develop anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects. Among them, steroidal alkaloids are conventional secondary metabolites that comprise an important class of natural products found in plants, marine organisms and invertebrates, and constitute a judicious choice as potential anti-cancer leads. Traditional medicine and modern science have shown that representatives from this compound group possess potential antimicrobial, analgesic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, systematic and recapitulated information about the bioactivity of these compounds, with special emphasis on the molecular or cellular mechanisms, is of high interest. In this review, we methodically discuss the in vitro and in vivo potential of the anticancer activity of natural steroidal alkaloids and their synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives. This review focuses on cumulative and comprehensive molecular mechanisms, which will help researchers understand the molecular pathways involving steroid alkaloids to generate a selective and safe new lead compound with improved therapeutic applications for cancer prevention and therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence about the promising therapeutic potential of steroidal alkaloids in various cancer cell lines, but advanced pharmacokinetic and clinical experiments are required to develop more selective and safe drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Dey
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Babli Kar
- Bengal Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Asansol, India
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejendra Bhakta
- Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tripura, India
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ahmad R. Steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum nigrum target cytoskeletal proteins: an in silico analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6012. [PMID: 30627484 PMCID: PMC6321755 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solanum nigrum (black nightshade; S. nigrum), a member of family Solanaceae, has been endowed with a heterogeneous array of secondary metabolites of which the steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) and steroidal saponins (SS) have vast potential to serve as anticancer agents. Since there has been much controversy regarding safety of use of glycoalkaloids as anticancer agents, this area has remained more or less unexplored. Cytoskeletal proteins like actin play an important role in maintaining cell shape, synchronizing cell division, cell motility, etc. and along with their accessory proteins may also serve as important therapeutic targets for potential anticancer candidates. In the present study, glycoalkaloids and saponins from S. nigrum were screened for their interaction and binding affinity to cytoskeletal proteins, using molecular docking. Methods Bioactivity score and Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) analysis were performed using softwares Molinspiration and Osiris Data Explorer respectively, to assess the feasibility of selected phytoconstituents as potential drug candidates. The results were compared with two standard reference drugs doxorubicin hydrochloride (anticancer) and tetracycline (antibiotic). Multivariate data obtained were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Results Docking analysis revealed that the binding affinities of the phytoconstituents towards the target cytoskeletal proteins decreased in the order coronin>villin>ezrin>vimentin>gelsolin>thymosin>cofilin. Glycoalkaloid solasonine displayed the greatest binding affinity towards the target proteins followed by alpha-solanine whereas amongst the saponins, nigrumnin-I showed maximum binding affinity. PASS Analysis of the selected phytoconstituents revealed 1 to 3 violations of Lipinski’s parameters indicating the need for modification of their structure-activity relationship (SAR) for improvement of their bioactivity and bioavailability. Glycoalkaloids and saponins all had bioactivity scores between −5.0 and 0.0 with respect to various receptor proteins and target enzymes. Solanidine, solasodine and solamargine had positive values of druglikeness which indicated that these compounds have the potential for development into future anticancer drugs. Toxicity potential evaluation revealed that glycoalkaloids and saponins had no toxicity, tumorigenicity or irritant effect(s). SAR analysis revealed that the number, type and location of sugar or the substitution of hydroxyl group on alkaloid backbone had an effect on the activity and that the presence of α-L-rhamnopyranose sugar at C-2 was critical for a compound to exhibit anticancer activity. Conclusion The present study revealed some cytoskeletal target(s) for S. nigrum phytoconstituents by docking analysis that have not been previously reported and thus warrant further investigations both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemisty, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Malik A, Arooj M, Butt TT, Zahid S, Zahid F, Jafar TH, Waquar S, Gan SH, Ahmad S, Mirza MU. In silico and in vivo characterization of cabralealactone, solasodin and salvadorin in a rat model: potential anti-inflammatory agents. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1431-1443. [PMID: 29872266 PMCID: PMC5973396 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study investigates the hepato- and DNA-protective effects of standardized extracts of Cleome brachycarpa (cabralealactone), Solanum incanum (solasodin), and Salvadora oleioides (salvadorin) in rats. Materials and methods Hepatotoxicity was induced with intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1 mL/kg b.wt.) once a week for 12 weeks. The hepato- and DNA protective effects of the extracts in different combinations were compared with that of a standard drug Clavazin (200 mg/kg b.wt.). Tissue alanine aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), isoprostanes-2α, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, the significant hallmarks of oxidative stress, were studied. Results Histopathological findings of the liver sections from the rat group which received CCl4+cabralealactone, solasodin, and salvadorin demonstrated improved centrilobular hepatocyte regeneration with moderate areas of congestion and infiltration comparable with Clavazin. For in silico study, the identified compounds were subjected to molecular docking with cyclooxygenase-2 and TNF-α followed by a molecular dynamics study, which indicated their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Conclusion Cabralealactone, solasodin, and salvadorin confer some hepatoprotective and DNA-damage protective effects against CCl4-induced toxicity. They successfully restored the normal architecture of hepatocytes and have the potential to be used as inhibitor to main culprits, that is, cyclooxygenase-2 and TNF-α. They can combat oxidative stress and liver injuries both as mono and combinational therapies. However, combination therapy has more ameliorating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Arooj
- University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sara Zahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tassadaq Hussain Jafar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sulayman Waquar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Efficacy and safety of topical SR-T100 gel in treating actinic keratosis in Taiwan: A Phase III randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled parallel trial. J Dermatol Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Burger T, Mokoka T, Fouché G, Steenkamp P, Steenkamp V, Cordier W. Solamargine, a bioactive steroidal alkaloid isolated from Solanum aculeastrum induces non-selective cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:137. [PMID: 29720141 PMCID: PMC5930800 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Solanum aculeastrum fruits are used by some cancer sufferers as a form of alternative treatment. Scientific literature is scarce concerning its anticancer activity, and thus the aim of the study was to assess the in vitro anticancer and P-glycoprotein inhibitory potential of extracts of S. aculeastrum fruits. Furthermore, assessment of the combinational effect with doxorubicin was also done. Methods The crude extract was prepared by ultrasonic maceration. Liquid-liquid extraction yielded one aqueous and two organic fractions. Bioactive constituents were isolated from the aqueous fraction by means of column chromatography, solid phase extraction and preparative thin-layer chromatography. Confirmation of bioactive constituent identity was done by nuclear magnetic resonance and ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The crude extract and fractions were assessed for cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition in both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines using the sulforhodamine B and rhodamine-123 assays, respectively. Results Both the crude extract and aqueous fraction was cytotoxic to all cell lines, with the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line being most susceptible to exposure (IC50 = 10.72 μg/mL [crude], 17.21 μg/mL [aqueous]). Dose-dependent P-glycoprotein inhibition was observed for the crude extract (5.9 to 18.9-fold at 100 μg/mL) and aqueous fraction (2.9 to 21.2 at 100 μg/mL). The steroidal alkaloids solamargine and solanine were identified. While solanine was not bioactive, solamargine displayed an IC50 of 15.62 μg/mL, and 9.1-fold P-glycoprotein inhibition at 100 μg/mL against the SH-SY5Y cell line. Additive effects were noted for combinations of doxorubicin against the SH-SY5Y cell line. Conclusions The crude extract and aqueous fraction displayed potent non-selective cytotoxicity and noteworthy P-glycoprotein inhibition. These effects were attributed to solamargine. P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity was only present at concentrations higher than those inducing cytotoxicity, and thus does not appear to be the likely mechanism for the enhancement of doxorubicin’s cytotoxicity. Preliminary results suggest that non-selective cytotoxicity may hinder drug development, however, further assessment of the mode of cell death is necessary to determine the route forward.
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29
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Zhang X, Yan Z, Xu T, An Z, Chen W, Wang X, Huang M, Zhu F. Solamargine derived from Solanum nigrum induces apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6329-6335. [PMID: 29731848 PMCID: PMC5920861 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Solamargine, an active ingredient of Solanum nigrum, has been previously revealed to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the effect of solamargine on human cholangiocarcinoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effect of solamargine was assessed in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. The results of the present study revealed that solamargine inhibited the viability of QBC939 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, solamargine significantly induced the apoptosis of QBC939 cells and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential of cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that solamargine decreased the mRNA level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-extra-large and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein but increased the mRNA level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that solamargine inhibited the protein expression of Bcl-2 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and promoted the protein expression of Bax, cleaved PARP, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 7. Therefore, the results of the present study revealed that solamargine may induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and alter the level of apoptosis-associated proteins in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. This in vitro study demonstrated that solamargine may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against cholangiocarcinoma in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Zhang
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Yan
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Zhentao An
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Wanzhen Chen
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Fangshi Zhu
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
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30
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Solanum incanum extract (SR-T100) induces melanoma cell apoptosis and inhibits established lung metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103509-103517. [PMID: 29262580 PMCID: PMC5732746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a cancer derived from melanocytes, is one of the most chemoresistant cancers and tends to metastasize. Once it metastasizes, the prognosis is poor. Even with the recent advancement of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis remains discouraging. SR-T100, a Solanum incanum extract, shows anticancer effects against several cancers; however, its therapeutic efficacy against melanoma and established metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we showed that SR-T100 induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in murine B16 melanoma cells in vitro. In vivo, intralesional injection of SR-T100 decreased the tumor size of the regional melanoma in the foot pad. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of SR-T100 inhibited the growth and the number of established melanoma metastases in the lungs. Our study highlights SR-T100 as a potential novel treatment for established tumors from regional and metastatic melanoma.
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31
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Zhuang YW, Wu CE, Zhou JY, Chen X, Wu J, Jiang S, Peng HY, Zou X, Liu JY, Wu DP, Gong T, Qi MH, Xue T, Liu SL, Cai H. Solasodine inhibits human colorectal cancer cells through suppression of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2248-2264. [PMID: 28803443 PMCID: PMC5666038 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solasodine is a main active component isolated from Solanum incanum L. that performs a wide range of functions containing anti‐oxidant, anti‐infection, and neurogenesis promotion. In this study, we explored the influence of solasodine on three types of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. The results show that solasodine prohibited CRC cell proliferation dose‐ and time‐dependently and impeded CRC cell motility by downregulating MMPs. Solasodine was also found to fuel caspase‐cascade reaction and increase the ratio between Bax and Bcl‐2 so as to induce CRC cell apoptosis. When cells were pretreated with AKT activator (insulin‐like growth factor‐1) followed by solasodine, the solasodine‐induced apoptosis was partially abrogated by insulin‐like growth factor‐1. Moreover, solasodine hindered tumor development and stimulated similar mechanisms in vivo. In general, our study provides the first evidence that solasodine has a suppressive effect on CRC cells and that this agent may be a novel therapeutic drug for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhuang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Cun-En Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Xu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Jian Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Shan Jiang
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hai-Yan Peng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Xi Zou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Jia-Yun Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Da-Peng Wu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Tao Gong
- Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Hao Qi
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Tian Xue
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, china
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Hameed A, Ijaz S, Mohammad IS, Muhammad KS, Akhtar N, Khan HMS. Aglycone solanidine and solasodine derivatives: A natural approach towards cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:446-457. [PMID: 28779706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, it was suggested that a rational approach to treat cancer in clinical settings requires a multipronged approach that augments improvement in systemic efficiency along with modification in cellular phenotype leads to more efficient cell death response. Recently, the combinatory delivery of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs with natural compounds proved to be astonishing to deal with a variety of cancers, especially that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. The natural compounds not only synergize the effects of chemotherapeutics but also minimize drug associated systemic toxicity. In this review, our primary focus was on antitumor effects of natural compounds. Previously, the drugs from natural sources are highly precise and safer than drugs of synthetic origins. Many natural compounds exhibit anti-cancer potentials by inducing apoptosis in different tumor models, in-vitro and in-vivo. Furthermore, natural compounds are also found equally useful in chemotherapeutic drug resistant tumors. Moreover, these Phyto-compounds also possess numerous other pharmacological properties such as antifungal, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, and hepatoprotection. Aglycone solasodine and solanidine derivatives are the utmost important steroidal glycoalkaloids that are present in various Solanum species, are discussed here. These natural compounds are highly cytotoxic against different tumor cell lines. As the molecular weight is concerned; these are smaller molecular weight chemotherapeutic agents that induce cell death response by initiating apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | | | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
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Kalalinia F, Karimi-Sani I. Anticancer Properties of Solamargine: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:858-870. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kalalinia
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Iman Karimi-Sani
- Department of Biotechnology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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Jia Y, Weng Z, Wang C, Zhu M, Lu Y, Ding L, Wang Y, Cheng X, Lin Q, Wu K. Increased chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines treated with novel functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:206-214. [PMID: 28123543 PMCID: PMC5245142 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major cause of treatment resistance in breast cancer. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit unique properties that make them promising candidates for breast cancer treatment. In the present study, a new functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube carrying oxygen was synthesized; it was determined whether this material could increase chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. MDA-MB-231 cells growing in folic acid (FA) free medium, MDA-MB-231 cells growing in medium containing FA and ZR-75-1 cells were treated with chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy with or without tombarthite-modified-FA-chitosan (R-O2-FA-CHI)-SWCNTs under hypoxic conditions, and the cell viability was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salts-1 assay. The cell surviving fractions were determined by colony forming assay. Cell apoptosis induction was monitored by flow cytometry. Expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), survivin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), RAD51 and Ku80 was monitored by western blotting. The novel synthesized R-O2-FA-CHI-SWCNTs were able to significantly enhance the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines and the material exhibited its expected function by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2, survivin, HIF-1α, P-gp, MRP-1, RAD51 and Ku80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Jia
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Chuanying Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Cheng
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Radiology, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Cham BE. Solasodine, Solamargine and Mixtures of Solasodine Rhamnosides: Pathway to Expansive Clinical Anticancer Therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2017.812064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Andrade AF, Alves JM, Corrêa MB, Cunha WR, Veneziani RCS, Tavares DC. In vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessment of Solanum lycocarpum hydroalcoholic extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2786-2790. [PMID: 27159582 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1175022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae), popularly known as 'fruta-do-lobo' (wolf fruit), 'lobeira' and 'jurubebão', is commonly used by native people of Central Brazil in powder form or as a hydroalcoholic extract for the management of diabetes and obesity and to decrease cholesterol levels. OBJECTIVE The present study determines the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of the S. lycocarpum fruits (SL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The clonogenic efficiency assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity. Three concentrations of SL (16, 32 and 64 μg/mL) were used for the evaluation of its genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential on V79 cells using the micronucleus and comet assays. In the antigenotoxicity assays, the cells were treated simultaneously with SL and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS, 44 μg/mL for the micronucleus assay and 22 μg/mL for the comet assay) as an inducer of micronuclei and DNA damage. RESULTS The results showed that SL was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 64 μg/mL. No significant differences in the rate of chromosome or DNA damage were observed between cultures treated with SL and the control group. In addition, the frequencies of micronuclei and DNA damage induced by MMS were significantly reduced after treatment with SL. The damage reduction percentage ranged from 68.1% to 79.2% and 12.1% to 16.5% for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SL exerted no genotoxic effect and exhibited chemopreventive activity against both genomic and chromosome damage induced by MMS.
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Li N, Cao L, Wang YR, Tao XQ, Ding G, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Induction of Solasonine on Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Bcap-37 Cells through Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Al Sinani SS, Eltayeb EA, Coomber BL, Adham SA. Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis selectively in different types of human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 26889092 PMCID: PMC4756414 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports showed that the Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Solamargine inhibited proliferation of non-melanoma skin cancer cells. However, Solamargine was not tested systematically on different types of melanoma cells and was not simultaneously tested on normal cells either. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of Solamargine and the mechanism involved in inhibiting the growth of different types of melanoma cells. METHODS Solamargine effect was tested on normal cells and on another three melanoma cell lines. Vertical growth phase metastatic and primary melanoma cell lines WM239 and WM115, respectively and the radial growth phase benign melanoma cells WM35 were used. The half inhibitory concentration IC50 of Solamargine was determined using Alamarblue assay. The cellular and subcellular changes were assessed using light and Transmission Electron Microscope, respectively. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis were measured using Flow cytometry. The different protein expression was detected and measured using western blotting. The efficacy of Solamargine was determined by performing the clonogenic assay. The data collected was analyzed statistically on the means of the triplicate of at least three independent repeated experiments using one-way ANOVA test for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametric data. Differences were considered significant when the P values were less than 0.05. RESULTS Hereby, we demonstrate that Solamargine rapidly, selectively and effectively inhibited the growth of metastatic and primary melanoma cells WM239 and WM115 respectively, with minimum effect on normal and benign WM35 cells. Solamargine caused cellular necrosis to the two malignant melanoma cell lines (WM115, WM239), by rapid induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization as confirmed by cathepsin B upregulation which triggered the extrinsic mitochondrial death pathway represented by the release of cytochrome c and upregulation of TNFR1. Solamargine disrupted the intrinsic apoptosis pathway as revealed by the down regulation of hILP/XIAP, resulting in caspase-3 cleavage, upregulation of Bcl-xL, and Bcl2, and down regulation of Apaf-1 and Bax in WM115 and WM239 cells only. Solamargine showed high efficacy in vitro particularly against the vertical growth phase melanoma cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Solamargine is a promising anti-malignant melanoma drug which warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S Al Sinani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Elsadig A Eltayeb
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Sirin A Adham
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, 123 Muscat, Oman
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Han HY, Ryu MH, Son Y, Lee G, Jeong SH, Kim H. Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. induces the apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells via activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S237-43. [PMID: 26664011 PMCID: PMC4653333 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. is a traditional medicine with known anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Traditionally, it is used to control chronic inflammation, allergy and gastrointestinal diseases such as digestive ulcers gastritis in China, Japan, and Korea. Objectives: To evaluate the apoptosis-inducing activity of a P. trifoliata methanol extract (MEPT) and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The anti-cancer effect of MEPT and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in breast cancer cells using 3,4,5-dimethyl N-methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-d-phenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell cycle analysis, and western blotting. Results: MEPT suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with inhibition dose 50% value of 119.44 μg/mL at 24 h, which have features typical of triple-negative breast cancer cells. MEPT also altered the characteristic features of the MDA-MB-231 cells and increased the proportion of cells undergoing sub-G1 arrest. In addition, MEPT increased levels of caspase 8 and 3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas caspase 9 was not detected. In addition, MEPT-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and TNFR type 1-associated death domain (TRADD) protein and the activations of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Conclusion: Our results indicate that MEPT has chemotherapeutic potential in triple-negative breast cancer and that at the molecular level its effects are derived from the activations of TNFR and of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of translational Dental Sciences, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of translational Dental Sciences, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang, University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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Wu YH, Chiu WT, Young MJ, Chang TH, Huang YF, Chou CY. Solanum Incanum Extract Downregulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1-Mediated Stemness and Inhibits Tumor Formation in Ovarian Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:1011-9. [PMID: 26366215 PMCID: PMC4565851 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum incanum extract (SR-T100), containing the active ingredient solamargine, can induce apoptosis via upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor expression and activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and has therapeutic effects in patients with actinic keratosis. Here, we evaluate the novel molecular mechanisms underlying SR-T100-regulated stemness and chemoresistance. The concentration of SR-T100 that inhibited 50% cell viability (IC50) was lower in ovarian cancer cells than in nonmalignant cells. Furthermore, the SR-T100 IC50 in chemoresistant cells was similar to the IC50 in chemosensitive cells. Additionally, SR-T100 increased cisplatin and paclitaxel sensitivity in chemoresistant cells. SR-T100 downregulated the expression of stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Notch1, and FoxM1, and reduced sphere formation in ovarian cancer cells. Using microarray analyses, immunoblotting, luciferase activity, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we showed that SR-T100 suppressed the expression of c/EBPβ and COL11A1, and its promoter activity, in resistant cells, but not sensitive cells. SR-T100, paclitaxel, and cisplatin inhibited the growth of A2780CP70 cells in mouse xenografts, as compared to the vehicle control, and the combination of cisplatin and SR-T100 was more effective than either treatment alone. SR-T100 may represent a potential therapeutic adjunct to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Wu
- 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Young
- 3. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- 4. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Xie X, Zhu H, Yang H, Huang W, Wu Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Wang D, Shao G. Solamargine triggers hepatoma cell death through apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:168-174. [PMID: 26170994 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Solamargine (SM), a steroidal alkaloid glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Solanum incanum, has been evidenced to inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis in a number of human cancer cell lines. In the present study, the anticancer effect of SM and underlying molecular mechanism of SM-induced apoptosis were investigated on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, SMMC7721 and HepG2. The proliferation effects of SM on the SMMC7721 and HepG2 cell lines were evaluated using MTT and colony formation assays. In addition, the percentage of apoptosis was measured using an Annexin V/propidium iodide staining method and the cell cycle distribution mediated by SM was analyzed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, caspase-9, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) and Ki67 proteins were examined to further demonstrate the proliferate and apoptosis effects of SM on the hepatoma cells. The results indicated that SM effectively inhibited hepatoma cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. SM resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in the two cell lines. In addition, SM downregulated the levels of proliferation-associated (Ki67 and pcna) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins, and promoted the activity of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9). Therefore, the activation of the Bcl-2/Bax and caspase signaling pathways may be involved in the SM-induced apoptosis of hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Huijian Yang
- Department of Immunology, Center of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wensi Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Genbao Shao
- Department of Biology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Friedman M. Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3323-37. [PMID: 25821990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cancer can occur via apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell self-destruction that involves numerous biomarkers and signaling pathways. Glycoalkaloids are nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in numerous Solanaceous plants including eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. Exposure of cancer cells to glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants (α-solamargine and α-solasonine), potatoes (α-chaconine and α-solanine), and tomatoes (α-tomatine) or their hydrolysis products (mono-, di-, and trisaccharide derivatives and the aglycones solasodine, solanidine, and tomatidine) inhibits the growth of the cells in culture (in vitro) as well as tumor growth in vivo. This overview comprehensively surveys and consolidates worldwide efforts to define the following aspects of these natural compounds: (a) their prevalence in the three foods; (b) their chemistry and structure-activity relationships; (c) the reported factors (biomarkers, signaling pathways) associated with apoptosis of bone, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, glioblastoma, leukemia, liver, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro and the in vivo inhibition of tumor formation and growth in fish and mice and in human skin cancers; and (d) future research needs. The described results may make it possible to better relate the structures of the active compounds to their health-promoting function, individually, in combination, and in food, and allow the consumer to select glycoalkaloid-containing food with the optimal content of nontoxic beneficial compounds. The described findings are expected to be a valuable record and resource for further investigation of the health benefits of food-related natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Jiang QW, Chen MW, Cheng KJ, Yu PZ, Wei X, Shi Z. Therapeutic Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer and Other Diseases. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:119-43. [PMID: 25820039 DOI: 10.1002/med.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites isolated from plants, amphibians, and marine invertebrates. Evidence accumulated in the recent two decades demonstrates that steroidal alkaloids have a wide range of bioactivities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, etc., suggesting their great potential for application. It is therefore necessary to comprehensively summarize the bioactivities, especially anticancer activities and mechanisms of steroidal alkaloids. Here we systematically highlight the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of steroidal alkaloids such as dendrogenin, solanidine, solasodine, tomatidine, cyclopamine, and their derivatives. Furthermore, other bioactivities of steroidal alkaloids are also discussed. The integrated molecular mechanisms in this review can increase our understanding on the utilization of steroidal alkaloids and contribute to the development of new drug candidates. Although the therapeutic potentials of steroidal alkaloids look promising in the preclinical and clinical studies, further pharmacokinetic and clinical studies are mandated to define their efficacy and safety in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 519000, China
| | - Ke-Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Zhong Yu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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Solamargine inhibits migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression and activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:893-900. [PMID: 25819016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Solamargine is a steroidal alkaloid glycoside isolated from Solanum nigrum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of solamargine on tumor migration and invasion in aggressive human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The MTT assay was used to assess the effects of solamargine on the viability of HepG2 cells. Migration and invasion ability of HepG2 cells under solamargine treatment were examined by a wound healing migration assay and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were analyzed by gelatin zymography assay. Solamargine reduced HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. At 7.5μM solamargine decreased cell viability by less than 20% in HepG2 cells. A wound healing migration assay and Boyden chamber invasion assay showed that solamargine significantly inhibited in vitro migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. At the highest dose, solamargine decreased cell migration and invasion by more than 70% and 72% in HepG2 cells, respectively. Western blotting and gelatin zymography results showed that solamargine reduced expression and function of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins. In conclusion, the results showed that solamargine significantly inhibits migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity.
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Lidocaine sensitizes the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in breast cancer cells via up-regulation of RARβ2 and RASSF1A demethylation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23519-36. [PMID: 25526566 PMCID: PMC4284778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that lidocaine is toxic to various types of cells. And a recent study has confirmed that lidocaine exerts a demethylation effect and regulates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines. To recognize a potential anti-tumor effect of lidocaine, we evaluated the DNA demethylation by lidocaine in human breast cancer lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and determined the influence of demethylation on the toxicity to these cells of cisplatin, which is a commonly utilized anti-tumor agent for breast cancer. Results demonstrated that lidocaine promoted a significant global genomic demethylation, and particularly in the promoters of tumor suppressive genes (TSGs), RARβ2 and RASSF1A. Further, the lidocaine treatment increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis and enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. The combined treatment with both lidocaine and cisplatin promoted a significantly higher level of MCF-7 cell apoptosis than singular lidocaine or cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the abrogation of RARβ2 or RASSF1A expression inhibited such apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study confirms the demethylation effect of lidocaine in breast cancer cells, and found that the demethylation of RARβ2 and RASSF1A sensitized the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in breast cancer cells.
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Yiang GT, Chou PL, Hung YT, Chen JN, Chang WJ, Yu YL, Wei CW. Vitamin C enhances anticancer activity in methotrexate‑treated Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1057-63. [PMID: 24969544 PMCID: PMC4121419 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used for rheumatoid arthritis therapy for a long time. MTX is also used as an anticancer drug for various tumors. However, many studies have shown that high-dose MTX treatment for cancer therapy may cause liver and renal damage. Alhough the mechanisms involved in MTX-induced liver and renal damage require further research, many studies have indicated that MTX-induced cytotoxicity is associated with increases in oxidative stress and caspase activation. In order to reduce MTX-induced side-effects and increase anticancer efficiency, currently, combination treatments of low-dose MTX and other anticancer drugs are considered and applied for various tumor treatments. The present study showed that MTX induces increases in H2O2 levels and caspase-9/-3 activation leading to cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Importantly, this study is the first to demonstrate that vitamin C can efficiently aid low-dose MTX in inducing cell death in Hep3B cells. Therefore, the present study provides a possible powerful therapeutic method for tumors using a combined treatment of vitamin C and low-dose MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Lun Chou
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan 265, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Hung
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Ni Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chyou-Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 contributes to the solamargine-inhibited growth and -induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8169-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ding X, Zhu F, Yang Y, Li M. Purification, antitumor activity in vitro of steroidal glycoalkaloids from black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). Food Chem 2013; 141:1181-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brossard D, Zhang Y, Haider SM, Sgobba M, Khalid M, Legay R, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Galera P, Rault S, Dallemagne P, Moslemi S, El Kihel L. N-substituted Piperazinopyridylsteroid Derivatives as Abiraterone Analogues Inhibit Growth and Induce Pro-apoptosis in Human Hormone-independent Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:620-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shozeb M. Haider
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road; Belfast; BT9 7BL; UK
| | - Miriam Sgobba
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road; Belfast; BT9 7BL; UK
| | - Mohamed Khalid
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université Hassan Premier; Km 3, Route de Casablanca, BP 577; 26000; Settat; Morocco
| | | | - Martine Duterque-Coquillaud
- Institut Pasteur de Lille/IFR142; CNRS UMR 8161; Institut de Biologie de Lille; Université de Lille Nord; 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, B.P.447; 59021; Lille cedex; France
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Munari CC, de Oliveira PF, Campos JCL, Martins SDPL, Da Costa JC, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Antiproliferative activity of Solanum lycocarpum alkaloidic extract and their constituents, solamargine and solasonine, in tumor cell lines. J Nat Med 2013; 68:236-41. [PMID: 23475509 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are some of the important sources of new anticancer drugs. The Brazilian flora is considered one of the most diverse in the word, although not many large-scale pharmacological and phytochemical studies have been conducted to date. With this in mind, in the present study we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of Solanum lycocarpum fruit glycoalkaloid extract (SL) and its major compounds, solamargine (SM) and solasonine (SS), against different tumor cell lines: murine melanoma (B16F10), human colon carcinoma (HT29), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) and human glioblastoma (MO59J, U343 and U251). The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using XTT assay and results were expressed as IC50. The most pronounced antiproliferative activity was observed for SM, with IC50 values ranging from 4.58 to 18.23 μg/mL. The lowest IC50 values were observed against HepG2, being 9.60 μg/mL for SL, 4.58 μg/mL for SM and 6.01 μg/mL for SS. Thus, SL, SM and SS demonstrated antiproliferative activity against the tumor cell lines tested, and were most effective against the HepG2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carolina Munari
- Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira 201, Franca, SP, 14404-600, Brazil
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