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rhTPO Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cell Injury in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041953. [PMID: 36838940 PMCID: PMC9961369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to medium and high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) can induce long-term bone marrow (BM) suppression. We previously showed that recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) significantly promotes recovery from hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome, but its effect on long-term BM suppression remains unknown. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 6.5 Gy γ-rays of total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose-rate of 63.01 cGy per minute, and the mice were treated with rhTPO (100 μg; intramuscular injection) or vehicle at 2 h after TBI. All mice were killed one or two months after TBI for analysis of peripheral blood cell counts, long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) frequency, and BM-derived clonogenic activity. The HSC self-renewal capacity was analyzed by BM transplantation. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ratios of γH2AX+ and p16, p53, and p21 mRNA in HSCs were measured by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Treatment with rhTPO reduced long-term myelosuppression by improving long-term hematopoietic reconstitution (p < 0.05) after transplantation and resting state maintenance of HSCs (p < 0.05). Moreover, rhTPO treatment was associated with a sustained reduction in long-term ROS production, reduction of long-term DNA damage, diminished p53/p21 mRNA expression, and prevention of senescence after TBI. This study suggests rhTPO is an effective agent for treating IR-induced long-term BM injury because it regulates hematopoietic remodeling and HSC cycle disorder through the ROS/p53/p21/p16 pathway long term after IR.
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Wan C, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang Q, Yan G, Li Z, Fang H, Sun H. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy. OPEN CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The fruit of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) has been newly developed for the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome clinically, but the effective constituents are still unclear, restricting its quality control and the new medicinal development based on it. This study elucidated the efficacy of A. senticosus fruit (ASF) for treating blood deficiency syndrome and accurately characterize the constituents. Chinmedomics strategy was used to identify the metabolic biomarkers of the model and the overall effect of ASF was evaluated based on the biomarker when it showed intervention effects for blood deficiency syndrome. ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the components in the blood absorbed from A. senticosus fruit, and the components highly relevant to the biomarker are regarded as potential effective constituents for blood deficiency syndrome. Twenty-two of the 28 urine metabolites of blood deficiency syndrome were significantly regulated by A. senticosus fruit, 97 compounds included 20 prototype components, and 77 metabolites were found in vivo under the acting condition. The highly relevant constituents were isofraxidin, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside B1, eleutheroside E, and caffeic acid, which might be the effective constituents of A. senticosus fruit. It is a promising new medicinal resource that can be used for treating blood deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Avenida Wai Long , Taipa , Macau
| | - Hongda Liu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
| | - Zhineng Li
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
| | - Heng Fang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Heping Road 24 , Harbin 150040 , China
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Al-Jumayli M, Brown SL, Chetty IJ, Extermann M, Movsas B. The Biological Process of Aging and the Impact of Ionizing Radiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 2022; 32:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Checker R, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Maurya DK, Bandekar M, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Chemical and biological basis for development of novel radioprotective drugs for cancer therapy. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:595-625. [PMID: 34181503 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes chemical changes in biological systems through direct interaction with the macromolecules or by causing radiolysis of water. This property of IR is harnessed in the clinic for radiotherapy in almost 50% of cancers patients. Despite the advent of stereotactic radiotherapy instruments and other advancements in shielding techniques, the inadvertent deposition of radiation dose in the surrounding normal tissue can cause late effects of radiation injury in normal tissues. Radioprotectors, which are chemical or biological agents, can reduce or mitigate these toxic side-effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and also during radiation accidents. The desired characteristics of an ideal radioprotector include low chemical toxicity, high risk to benefit ratio and specific protection of normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation without compromising the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major contributors of IR mediated toxicity, plethora of studies have highlighted the potential role of antioxidants to protect against IR induced damage. However, owing to the lack of any clinically approved radioprotector against whole body radiation, researchers have shifted the focus toward finding alternate targets that could be exploited for the development of novel agents. The present review provides a comprehensive insight in to the different strategies, encompassing prime molecular targets, which have been employed to develop radiation protectors/countermeasures. It is anticipated that understanding such factors will lead to the development of novel strategies for increasing the outcome of radiotherapy by minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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5
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Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Huang Z, Duan W, Du L, Siamakpour-Reihani S, Cao Z, Sheng H, Spasojevic I, Alvarez Secord A. H 2O 2-Driven Anticancer Activity of Mn Porphyrins and the Underlying Molecular Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6653790. [PMID: 33815656 PMCID: PMC7987459 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mn(III) ortho-N-alkyl- and N-alkoxyalkyl porphyrins (MnPs) were initially developed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. These compounds were later shown to react with numerous reactive species (such as ONOO-, H2O2, H2S, CO3 •-, ascorbate, and GSH). Moreover, the ability of MnPs to oxidatively modify activities of numerous proteins has emerged as their major mechanism of action both in normal and in cancer cells. Among those proteins are transcription factors (NF-κB and Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs, antiapoptotic bcl-2, and endogenous antioxidative defenses. The lead Mn porphyrins, namely, MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, were tested in numerous injuries of normal tissue and cellular and animal cancer models. The wealth of the data led to the progression of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ into four Phase II clinical trials on glioma, head and neck cancer, anal cancer, and multiple brain metastases, while MnTE-2-PyP5+ is in Phase II clinical trial on atopic dermatitis and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Weina Duan
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Li Du
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Zhipeng Cao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Chen Y, Luo X, Zou Z, Liang Y. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:477-498. [PMID: 31736443 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191021110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms, play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present, pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects, weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients' life. How to enhance the killing effect of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue. This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Taizhou University Hosipital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjing Luo
- Taizhou University Hosipital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Taizhou University Hosipital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Schlichte SL, Romanova S, Katsurada K, Kosmacek EA, Bronich TK, Patel KP, Oberley-Deegan RE, Zimmerman MC. Nanoformulation of the superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+, prevents its acute hypotensive response. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101610. [PMID: 32863236 PMCID: PMC7327277 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenging superoxide (O2•-) via overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or administration of SOD mimics improves outcomes in multiple experimental models of human disease including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While few SOD mimics have transitioned to clinical trials, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BuOE), a manganese porphyrin SOD mimic, is currently in clinical trials as a radioprotector for cancer patients; thus, providing hope for the use of SOD mimics in the clinical setting. However, BuOE transiently alters cardiovascular function including a significant and precipitous decrease in blood pressure. To limit BuOE's acute hypotensive action, we developed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle and lipid bilayer nanoformulation of BuOE (nanoBuOE) that allows for slow and sustained release of the drug. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that unlike native BuOE, nanoBuOE does not induce an acute hypotensive response, as the nanoformulation prevents BuOE from scavenging O2•- while the drug is still encapsulated in the formulation. We report that intact nanoBuOE does not effectively scavenge O2•-, whereas BuOE released from the nanoformulation does retain SOD-like activity. Further, in mice, native BuOE, but not nanoBuOE, rapidly, acutely, and significantly decreases blood pressure, as measured by radiotelemetry. To begin exploring the physiological mechanism by which native BuOE acutely decreases blood pressure, we recorded renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in rats. RSNA significantly decreased immediately following intravenous injection of BuOE, but not nanoBuOE. These data indicate that nanoformulation of BuOE, a SOD mimic currently in clinical trials in cancer patients, prevents BuOE's negative side effects on blood pressure homeostasis. MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BuOE) induces a rapid and significant decrease in blood pressure. BuOE's hypotensive response is concomitant with reduced sympathetic nerve activity. Nanoformulated BuOE (nanoBuOE) release of active drug is slow and sustained. nanoBuOE prevents the BuOE-induced hypotensive and sympathoinhibition responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Schlichte
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Svetlana Romanova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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8
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Bartolini D, Tew KD, Marinelli R, Galli F, Wang GY. Nrf2-modulation by seleno-hormetic agents and its potential for radiation protection. Biofactors 2020; 46:239-245. [PMID: 31617634 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a critical role in redox signaling via regulating the activity of selenoenzymes such as thioredoxin reductase-1 and glutathione peroxidases. Se compounds and its metabolites possess a wide range of biological functions including anticancer and cytoprotection effects, modulation of hormetic genes and antioxidant enzyme activities. Radiation-induced injury of normal tissues is a significant side effect for cancer patients who receive radiotherapy in the clinic and the development of new and effective radioprotectors is an important goal of research. Others and we have shown that seleno-compounds have the potential to protect ionizing radiation-induced toxicities in various tissues and cells both in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we discuss the potential utilization of Se compounds with redox-dependent hormetic activity as novel radio-protective agents to alleviate radiation toxicity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the radioprotection effects of these seleno-hormetic agents are also discussed. These include Nrf2 transcription factor modulation and the consequent upregulation of the adaptive stress response to IR in bone marrow stem cells and hematopoietic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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9
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Huh JW, Tanksley J, Chino J, Willett CG, Dewhirst MW. Long-term Consequences of Pelvic Irradiation: Toxicities, Challenges, and Therapeutic Opportunities with Pharmacologic Mitigators. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3079-3090. [PMID: 32098770 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A percentage of long-term cancer survivors who receive pelvic irradiation will develop treatment-related late effects, collectively termed pelvic radiation disease. Thus, there is a need to prevent or ameliorate treatment-related late effects in these patients. Modern radiotherapy methods can preferentially protect normal tissues from radiation toxicities to permit higher doses to targets. However, concerns about chronic small bowel toxicity, for example, still constrain the prescription dose. This provides strong rationale for considering adding pharmacologic mitigators. Implementation of modern targeted radiotherapy methods enables delivery of focused radiation to target volumes, while minimizing dose to normal tissues. In prostate cancer, these technical advances enabled safe radiation dose escalation and better local tumor control without increasing normal tissue complications. In other pelvic diseases, these new radiotherapy methods have not resulted in the low probability of normal tissue damage achieved with prostate radiotherapy. The persistence of toxicity provides rationale for pharmacologic mitigators. Several new agents could be readily tested in clinical trials because they are being or have been studied in human patients already. Although there are promising preclinical data supporting mitigators, no clinically proven options to treat or prevent pelvic radiation disease currently exist. This review highlights therapeutic options for prevention and/or treatment of pelvic radiation disease, using pharmacologic mitigators. Successful development of mitigators would reduce the number of survivors who suffer from these devastating consequences of pelvic radiotherapy. It is important to note that pharmacologic mitigators to ameliorate pelvic radiation disease may be applicable to other irradiated sites in which chronic toxicity impairs quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wook Huh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jarred Tanksley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Junzo Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Li Y, Xue Z, Dong X, Liu Q, Liu Z, Li H, Xing H, Xu Y, Tang K, Tian Z, Wang M, Rao Q, Wang J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in bone marrow stromal cells induced by daunorubicin leads to DNA damage in hematopoietic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:211-221. [PMID: 31706989 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapies could cause the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and even put patients at increased risk of hematopoietic malignancy. Therapy-related leukemia is mainly caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced genetic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition to the intrinsic mechanism, some extrinsic events occurring in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are also possible mechanisms involved in genetic alteration. In the present study, we investigated the damage to BM stromal cells induced by a chemotherapy drug, daunorubicin (DNR) and further identified the DNA damage in hematopoietic cells caused by drug-treated stromal cells. It was found that treatment with DNR in mice caused a temporary reduction in cell number in each BM stromal cell subpopulation and the impairment of clonal growth potential in BM stromal cells. DNR treatment led to a tendency of senescence, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, production of cytokines and chemokines, and dysfunction of mitochondrial in stromal cells. Transcriptome microarray data and gene ontology (GO) or gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that differentially expressed genes that were down-regulated in response to DNR treatment were significantly enriched in mitochondrion function, and negative regulators of reactive oxygen species. Surprisingly, it was found that DNR-treated stromal cells secreted high levels of H2O2 into the culture supernatant. Furthermore, coculture of hematopoietic cells with DNR-treated stromal cells led to the accumulation of DNA damage as determined by the levels of histone H2AX phosphorylation and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in hematopoietic cells. Overall, our results suggest that DNR-induced BM stromal cell damage can lead to genomic instability in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Zhenya Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Xuanjia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China.
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11
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Checker R, Pal D, Patwardhan RS, Basu B, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Modulation of Caspase-3 activity using a redox active vitamin K3 analogue, plumbagin, as a novel strategy for radioprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:560-572. [PMID: 31493505 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induced damage to normal cells is a major shortcoming of conventional radiotherapy, which necessitates the development of novel radio-protective drugs. An ideal radio-modulator would protect normal cells while having cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Plumbagin is a potent anti-tumour agent and has been shown to sensitize tumour cells to radiation-induced damage. In the present study, we have evaluated the radio-protective potential of plumbagin and found that it protected normal lymphocytes against radiation-induced apoptosis, but did not protect cancer cells against radiation. Plumbagin offered radioprotection even when it was added to cells after irradiation. The ability of only thiol based antioxidants to abrogate the radio-protective effects of plumbagin suggested a pivotal role of thiol groups in the radio-protective activity of plumbagin. Further, protein interaction network (PIN) analysis was used to predict the molecular targets of plumbagin. Based on the inputs from plumbagin's PIN and in light of its well-documented ability to modulate thiol groups, we proposed that plumbagin may act via modulation of caspase enzyme which harbours a critical catalytic cysteine. Indeed, plumbagin suppressed radiation-induced increase in homogenous caspase and caspase-3 activity in lymphocytes. Plumbagin also inhibited the activity of recombinant caspase-3 and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that plumbagin covalently interacts with caspase-3. Further, the in vivo radioprotective efficacy of plumbagin (single dose of 2mg/kg body weight) was demonstrated by its ability to rescue mice against radiation (7.5 Gy; Whole Body Irradiation) induced mortality. These results indicate that plumbagin prevents radiation induced apoptosis specifically in normal cells by inhibition of caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Debojyoti Pal
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Bhakti Basu
- Molecular Biology Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Zhong G, Qin S, Townsend D, Schulte BA, Tew KD, Wang GY. Oxidative stress induces senescence in breast cancer stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1204-1209. [PMID: 31109646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be resistant to current anticancer therapies and the induction of oxidative stress is an important mechanism of action for many anticancer agents. However, it is still largely unknown how CSCs respond to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Here, we show that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are markedly lower in breast CSCs (BCSCs) than that in non-cancer stem cells (NCSCs). A transient exposure of breast cancer cells to sublethal doses of H2O2 resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the epithelium-specific antigen (ESA)+/CD44+/CD24- subpopulations, a known phenotype for BCSCs. Although BCSCs survived sublethal doses of H2O2 treatment, they lost the ability to form tumor spheres and failed to generate colonies as demonstrated by mammosphere-formation and clonogenic assays, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that H2O2 treatment led to a marked increase of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity but only minimal apoptotic cell death in BCSCs. Furthermore, H2O2 triggers p53 activation and promotes p21 expression, indicating a role for the p53/p21 signaling pathway in oxidative stress-induced senescence in BCSCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the maintenance of a lower level of ROS is critical for CSCs to avoid oxidative stress and H2O2-induced BCSC loss of function is likely attributable to oxidative stress-triggered senescence induction, suggesting that ROS-generating drugs may have the therapeutic potential to eradicate drug-resistant CSCs via induction of premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, PR China
| | - Shenghui Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Danyelle Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Bartolini D, Wang Y, Zhang J, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Wang GY, Torquato P, Townsend DM, Tew KD, Galli F. A seleno-hormetine protects bone marrow hematopoietic cells against ionizing radiation-induced toxicities. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205626. [PMID: 31034521 PMCID: PMC6488049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2,2'-diselenyldibenzoic acid (DSBA) is a chemical probe produced to explore the pharmacological properties of diphenyldiselenide-derived agents with seleno-hormetic activity undergoing preclinical development. The present study was designed to verify in vivo the drug's properties and to determine mechanistically how these may mediate the protection of tissues against stress conditions, exemplified by ionizing radiation induced damage in mouse bone marrow. In murine bone marrow hematopoietic cells, the drug initiated the activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor resulting in enhanced expression of downstream stress response genes. This type of response was confirmed in human liver cells and included enhanced expression of glutathione S-transferases (GST), important in the metabolism and pharmacological function of seleno-compounds. In C57 BL/6 mice, DSBA prevented the suppression of bone marrow hematopoietic cells caused by ionizing radiation exposure. Such in vivo prevention effects were associated with Nrf2 pathway activation in both bone marrow cells and liver tissue. These findings demonstrated for the first time the pharmacological properties of DSBA in vivo, suggesting a practical application for this type of Se-hormetic molecules as a radioprotective and/or prevention agents in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gavin Y. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Bartolini D, Torquato P, Piroddi M, Galli F. Targeting glutathione S-transferase P and its interactome with selenium compounds in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:130-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) demonstrates characteristics of self-renewal and the ability to manage expansion of the hematopoietic compartment while maintaining the capacity for differentiation into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and terminal subpopulations. Deregulation of the HSPC redox environment results in loss of signaling that normally controls HSPC fate, leading to a loss of HSPC function and exhaustion. The characteristics of HSPC exhaustion via redox stress closely mirror phenotypic traits of hematopoietic malignancies and the leukemic stem cell (LSC). These facets elucidate the HSC/LSC redox environment as a druggable target and a growing area of cancer research. Recent Advances: Although myelosuppression and exhaustion of the hematopoietic niche are detrimental side effects of classical chemotherapies, new agents that modify the HSPC/LSC redox environment have demonstrated the potential for protection of normal HSPC function while inducing cytotoxicity within malignant populations. CRITICAL ISSUES New therapies must preserve, or only slightly disturb normal HSPC redox balance and function, while simultaneously altering the malignant cellular redox state. The cascade nature of redox damage makes this a critical and delicate line for the development of a redox-based therapeutic index. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent evidence demonstrates the potential for redox-based therapies to impact metabolic and epigenetic factors that could contribute to initial LSC transformation. This is balanced by the development of therapies that protect HSPC function. This pushes toward therapies that may alter the HSC/LSC redox state but lead to initiation cell fate signaling lost in malignant transformation while protecting normal HSPC function. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Carroll
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Spasojevic I. Mn Porphyrin-Based Redox-Active Drugs: Differential Effects as Cancer Therapeutics and Protectors of Normal Tissue Against Oxidative Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1691-1724. [PMID: 29926755 PMCID: PMC6207162 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE After approximatelty three decades of research, two Mn(III) porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113) and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), have progressed to five clinical trials. In parallel, another similarly potent metal-based superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic-Mn(II)pentaaza macrocycle, GC4419-has been tested in clinical trial on application, identical to that of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+-radioprotection of normal tissue in head and neck cancer patients. This clearly indicates that Mn complexes that target cellular redox environment have reached sufficient maturity for clinical applications. Recent Advances: While originally developed as SOD mimics, MnPs undergo intricate interactions with numerous redox-sensitive pathways, such as those involving nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby impacting cellular transcriptional activity. An increasing amount of data support the notion that MnP/H2O2/glutathione (GSH)-driven catalysis of S-glutathionylation of protein cysteine, associated with modification of protein function, is a major action of MnPs on molecular level. CRITICAL ISSUES Differential effects of MnPs on normal versus tumor cells/tissues, which support their translation into clinic, arise from differences in their accumulation and redox environment of such tissues. This in turn results in different yields of MnP-driven modifications of proteins. Thus far, direct evidence for such modification of NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatases, Nrf2, and endogenous antioxidative defenses was provided in tumor, while indirect evidence shows the modification of NF-κB and Nrf2 translational activities by MnPs in normal tissue. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studies that simultaneously explore differential effects in same animal are lacking, while they are essential for understanding of extremely intricate interactions of metal-based drugs with complex cellular networks of normal and cancer cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- 2 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina.,3 PK/PD Core Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute , Durham, North Carolina
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Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Imaoka T, Friedl AA, Badie C. Influence of diet and metabolism on hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:452-479. [PMID: 29932783 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The review aims to discuss the prominence of dietary and metabolic regulators in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, long-term self-renewal, and differentiation. RESULTS Most adult stem cells are preserved in a quiescent, nonmotile state in vivo which acts as a "protective state" for stem cells to reduce endogenous stress provoked by DNA replication and cellular respiration as well as exogenous environmental stress. The dynamic balance between quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation is critical for supporting a functional blood system throughout life of an organism. Stress-conditions, for example ionizing radiation exposure can trigger the blood forming HSCs to proliferate and migrate through extramedullary tissues to expand the number of HSCs and increase hematopoiesis. In addition, a wealth of investigation validated that deregulation of this balance plays a critical pathogenic role in various different hematopoietic diseases including the leukemia development. CONCLUSION The review summarizes the current knowledge on how alterations in dietary and metabolic factors could alter the risk of leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure by inhibiting or even reversing the leukemic progression. Understanding the influence of diet, metabolism, and epigenetics on radiation-induced leukemogenesis may lead to the development of practical interventions to reduce the risk in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK.,b CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- c Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba , Japan
| | - Anna A Friedl
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christophe Badie
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
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18
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Li X, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Gong S, Liu W, Zhou X, Sun Y, Qian J, Qu H. Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E'jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 29950993 PMCID: PMC6008481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple bioactive components have been identified in Fufang E’jiao Jiang (FEJ), their hematopoietic effects and molecular mode of action in vivo are still not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of martynoside, R-notoginsenoside R2 (R2), and 20S-ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) in a 5-fluorouracil-induced myelosuppression mouse model. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) counts, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, as well as flow cytometry analysis of Lin-/c-kit+/Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were conducted, and bone marrow cells were subjected to RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data were processed based on the differentially expressed genes. The results of the analysis show that each of the three compounds stimulates BMNCs and HSC growth, as well as burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte colony expansion. The most relevant transcriptional changes appeared to be involved in regulation of hematopoietic cell lineage, NF-κB and TNF-α signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and acceleration of hematopoietic cell recovery. Notably, the individual compounds shared similar but specified transcriptome profiles. Taken together, the hematopoietic effects for the three tested compounds of FEJ are confirmed in this myelosuppression mouse model. The transcriptome maps of these effects provide valuable information concerning their underlying mechanisms and provide a framework for the continued study of the complex mode of action of FEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhuping Hong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yangen Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Le O, Palacio L, Bernier G, Batinic-Haberle I, Hickson G, Beauséjour C. INK4a/ARF Expression Impairs Neurogenesis in the Brain of Irradiated Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1721-1733. [PMID: 29706499 PMCID: PMC5989693 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain neurogenesis is severely impaired following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). We and others have shown that the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a is increased in tissues exposed to IR and thus hypothesized that its expression could limit neurogenesis in the irradiated brain. Here, we found that exposure to IR leads to persistent DNA damage and the expression of p16INK4a in the hippocampus and subventricular zone regions. This was accompanied by a decline in neurogenesis, as determined by doublecortin expression and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, an effect partially restored in Ink4a/arf-null mice. Increased neurogenesis in the absence of INK4a/ARF expression was independent of apoptosis and activation of the microglia. Moreover, treatment of irradiated mice with a superoxide dismutase mimetic or clearance of p16INK4a-expressing cells using mouse genetics failed to increase neurogenesis. In conclusion, our results suggest that IR-induced p16INK4a expression is a mechanism that limits neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh Le
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Lina Palacio
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilbert Bernier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont and Department of Ophtalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology-Cancer Biology, Duke University, Duke Cancer Center, Medicine Circle, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gilles Hickson
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Wang Y, Chang J, Li X, Pathak R, Sridharan V, Jones T, Mao XW, Nelson G, Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. Low doses of oxygen ion irradiation cause long-term damage to bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189466. [PMID: 29232383 PMCID: PMC5726652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During deep space missions, astronauts will be exposed to low doses of charged particle irradiation. The long-term health effects of these exposures are largely unknown. We previously showed that low doses of oxygen ion (16O) irradiation induced acute damage to the hematopoietic system, including hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in a mouse model. However, the chronic effects of low dose 16O irradiation remain undefined. In the current study, we investigated the long-term effects of low dose 16O irradiation on the mouse hematopoietic system. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0.05 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy whole body 16O (600 MeV/n) irradiation. The effects of 16O irradiation on bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were examined three months after the exposure. The results showed that the frequencies and numbers of BM HPCs and HSCs were significantly reduced in 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy irradiated mice compared to 0.05 Gy irradiated and non-irradiated mice. Exposure of mice to low dose 16O irradiation also significantly reduced the clongenic function of BM HPCs determined by the colony-forming unit assay. The functional defect of irradiated HSCs was detected by cobblestone area-forming cell assay after exposure of mice to 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy of 16O irradiation, while it was not seen at three months after 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy of γ-ray irradiation. These adverse effects of 16O irradiation on HSCs coincided with an increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there were comparable levels of cellular apoptosis and DNA damage between irradiated and non-irradiated HPCs and HSCs. These data suggest that exposure to low doses of 16O irradiation induces long-term hematopoietic injury, primarily via increased ROS production in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Tamako Jones
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chang J, Wang Y, Pathak R, Sridharan V, Jones T, Mao XW, Nelson G, Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. Whole body proton irradiation causes acute damage to bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1312-1320. [PMID: 28782442 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1356941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to proton irradiation during missions in deep space can lead to bone marrow injury. The acute effects of proton irradiation on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells remain undefined and thus were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0.5 and 1.0 Gy proton total body irradiation (proton-TBI, 150 MeV) and examined changes in peripheral blood cells and bone marrow (BM) progenitors and LSK cells 2 weeks after exposure. RESULTS 1.0 Gy proton-TBI significantly reduced the numbers of peripheral blood cells compared to 0.5 Gy proton-TBI and unirradiated animals, while the numbers of peripheral blood cell counts were comparable between 0.5 Gy proton-TBI and unirradiated mice. The frequencies and numbers of LSK cells and CMPs in BM of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy irradiated mice were decreased in comparison to those of normal controls. LSK cells and CMPs and their progeny exhibited a radiation-induced impairment in clonogenic function. Exposure to 1.0 Gy increased cellular apoptosis but not the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CMPs two weeks after irradiation. LSK cells from irradiated mice exhibited an increase in ROS production and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Exposure to proton-TBI can induce acute damage to BM progenitors and LSK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chang
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Yingying Wang
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Rupak Pathak
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Tamako Jones
- b Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , CA , U.S.A
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- b Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , CA , U.S.A
| | - Gregory Nelson
- b Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , CA , U.S.A
| | - Marjan Boerma
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Daohong Zhou
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Lijian Shao
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
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Chang J, Feng W, Wang Y, Allen AR, Turner J, Stewart B, Raber J, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. 28Si total body irradiation injures bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells via induction of cellular apoptosis. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2017; 13:39-44. [PMID: 28554508 PMCID: PMC6711775 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term space mission exposes astronauts to a radiation environment with potential health hazards. High-energy charged particles (HZE), including 28Si nuclei in space, have deleterious effects on cells due to their characteristics with high linear energy transfer and dense ionization. The influence of 28Si ions contributes more than 10% to the radiation dose equivalent in the space environment. Understanding the biological effects of 28Si irradiation is important to assess the potential health hazards of long-term space missions. The hematopoietic system is highly sensitive to radiation injury and bone marrow (BM) suppression is the primary life-threatening injuries after exposure to a moderate dose of radiation. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the acute effects of low doses of 28Si irradiation on the hematopoietic system in a mouse model. Specifically, 6-month-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9Gy 28Si (600MeV) total body irradiation (TBI). The effects of 28Si TBI on BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were examined four weeks after the exposure. The results showed that exposure to 28Si TBI dramatically reduced the frequencies and numbers of HSCs in irradiated mice, compared to non-irradiated controls, in a radiation dose-dependent manner. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in BM HPCs regardless of radiation doses. Furthermore, irradiated HSCs exhibited a significant impairment in clonogenic ability. These acute effects of 28Si irradiation on HSCs may be attributable to radiation-induced apoptosis of HSCs, because HSCs, but not HPCs, from irradiated mice exhibited a significant increase in apoptosis in a radiation dose-dependent manner. However, exposure to low doses of 28Si did not result in an increased production of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in HSCs and HPCs. These findings indicate that exposure to 28Si irradiation leads to acute HSC damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yingying Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Antiño R Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jennifer Turner
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Blair Stewart
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Departments of Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Zhao Y, Carroll DW, You Y, Chaiswing L, Wen R, Batinic-Haberle I, Bondada S, Liang Y, St Clair DK. A novel redox regulator, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+, enhances normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function. Redox Biol 2017; 12:129-138. [PMID: 28231483 PMCID: PMC5320058 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular function. However, whether and how ROS regulate stem cells are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, in transgenic mice expressing the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, a scavenger of ROS in mitochondria, the number and function of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) under physiological conditions are enhanced. Importantly, giving MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+(MnP), a redox- active MnSOD mimetic, to mouse primary bone marrow cells or to C57B/L6 mice significantly enhances the number of HSPCs. Mechanistically, MnP reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which activates intracellular Nrf2 signaling leading to the induction of antioxidant enzymes, including MnSOD and catalase, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3. The results reveal a novel role of ROS signaling in regulating stem cell function, and suggest a possible beneficial effect of MnP in treating pathological bone marrow cell loss and in increasing stem cell population for bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D W Carroll
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Y You
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Wen
- Genetic Center, Women and Children's Healthcare, Qingdao, China
| | - I Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Bondada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Matsuho M, Kubota R, Asayama S, Kawakami H. Lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles loaded with potent antioxidant Mn-porphyrins exhibit enhanced antioxidative activity in vitro intranasal brain delivery model. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1765-1771. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02599d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for efficient intranasal brain delivery, we have prepared lactoferrin (Lf)-modified nanoparticles loaded with an amphiphilic Mn-porphyrin derivative, MndMImP3P (MnP) (Lf-NP-MnP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Matsuho
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Riku Kubota
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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25
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Low Doses of Oxygen Ion Irradiation Cause Acute Damage to Hematopoietic Cells in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158097. [PMID: 27367604 PMCID: PMC4930193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major health risks to astronauts is radiation on long-duration space missions. Space radiation from sun and galactic cosmic rays consists primarily of 85% protons, 14% helium nuclei and 1% high-energy high-charge (HZE) particles, such as oxygen (16O), carbon, silicon, and iron ions. HZE particles exhibit dense linear tracks of ionization associated with clustered DNA damage and often high relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Therefore, new knowledge of risks from HZE particle exposures must be obtained. In the present study, we investigated the acute effects of low doses of 16O irradiation on the hematopoietic system. Specifically, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 Gy whole body 16O (600 MeV/n) irradiation and examined the effects on peripheral blood (PB) cells, and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) at two weeks after the exposure. The results showed that the numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and platelets were significantly decreased in PB after exposure to 1.0 Gy, but not to 0.1 or 0.25 Gy. However, both the frequency and number of HPCs and HSCs were reduced in a radiation dose-dependent manner in comparison to un-irradiated controls. Furthermore, HPCs and HSCs from irradiated mice exhibited a significant reduction in clonogenic function determined by the colony-forming and cobblestone area-forming cell assays. These acute adverse effects of 16O irradiation on HSCs coincided with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced cell cycle entry of quiescent HSCs, and increased DNA damage. However, none of the 16O exposures induced apoptosis in HSCs. These data suggest that exposure to low doses of 16O irradiation induces acute BM injury in a dose-dependent manner primarily via increasing ROS production, cell cycling, and DNA damage in HSCs. This finding may aid in developing novel strategies in the protection of the hematopoietic system from space radiation.
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Cui Y, Sun Q, Liu Z. Ambient particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular diseases: a focus on progenitor and stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:782-93. [PMID: 26988063 PMCID: PMC4831366 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a major challenge to public health. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is the key component for air pollution, and associated with significant mortality. The majority of the mortality following PM exposure is related to cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms for the adverse effects of PM exposure on cardiovascular system remain largely unknown and under active investigation. Endothelial dysfunction or injury is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of vasculature. Particulate matter exposure significantly suppressed the number and function of EPCs in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms for the detrimental effects of PM on EPCs remain to be fully defined. One of the important mechanisms might be related to increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Bone marrow (BM) is a major source of EPCs. Thus, the number and function of EPCs could be intimately associated with the population and functional status of stem cells (SCs) in the BM. Bone marrow stem cells and other SCs have the potential for cardiovascular regeneration and repair. The present review is focused on summarizing the detrimental effects of PM exposure on EPCs and SCs, and potential mechanisms including ROS formation as well as clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Li C, Lu L, Zhang J, Huang S, Xing Y, Zhao M, Zhou D, Li D, Meng A. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exacerbates hematopoietic stem cell injury after irradiation. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:65. [PMID: 26609358 PMCID: PMC4659162 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to a moderate to high dose of ionizing radiation (IR) not only causes acute radiation syndrome but also induces long-term (LT) bone marrow (BM) injury. The latter effect of IR is primarily attributed to the induction of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the only treatment recommended to be given to radiation victims soon after IR. However, clinical studies have shown that G-CSF used to treat the leukopenia induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy in patients can cause sustained low white blood cell counts in peripheral blood. It has been suggested that this adverse effect is caused by HSC and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation and differentiation stimulated by G-CSF, which impairs HSC self-renewal and may exhaust the BM capacity to exacerbate IR-induced LT-BM injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 4 Gy γ-rays of total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose-rate of 1.08 Gy per minute, and the mice were treated with G-CSF (1 μg/each by ip) or vehicle at 2 and 6 h after TBI on the first day and then twice every day for 6 days. All mice were killed one month after TBI for analysis of peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow cellularity and long-term HSC (CD34-lineage-sca1+c-kit+) frequency. The colony-forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) ability of HPC was measured by colony-forming cell (CFC) assay, and the HSC self-renewal capacity was analyzed by BM transplantation. The levels of ROS production, the expression of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38) and p16INK4a (p16) mRNA in HSCs were measured by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results The results of our studies show that G-CSF administration mitigated TBI-induced decreases in WBC and the suppression of HPC function (CFU-GM) (p < 0.05), whereas G-CSF exacerbated the suppression of long-term HSC engraftment after transplantation one month after TBI (p < 0.05); The increase in HSC damage was associated with increased ROS production, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), induction of senescence in HSCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that although G-CSF administration can reduce ARS, it can also exacerbate TBI-induced LT-BM injury in part by promoting HSC senescence via the ROS-p38-p16 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Huang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghua Xing
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Deguan Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
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28
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Wang C, Zhou M, Li T, Wang Y, Xing B, Kong T, Dong W. Effects of Scorpion venom peptide B5 on hematopoietic recovery in irradiated mice and the primary mechanisms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15363. [PMID: 26482294 PMCID: PMC4611173 DOI: 10.1038/srep15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion venom peptide B5 (SVP-B5) stimulates recovery of hematopoiesis after exposure to radiation. However, its radioprotective effects and mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SVP-B5 on hematopoietic recovery in mice after total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose of 7.5 Gy and 6 Gy and to explore the possible primary mechanisms. SVP-B5 at a dose of 2.63 μg/kg significantly reduced the mortality rate of mice after TBI (p < 0.05). It showed markedly protective effects against radiation injury. SVP-B5 also significantly increased the number of bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) and increased the colony forming unit (CFU) number in irradiated mice, accelerated the post-irradiation recovery of peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets in mice. SVP-B5 treatment markedly reduced the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in BMNCs after TBI, reduced γH2AX levels, and decreased the relative expression levels of p16 and p21 mRNA at day 14 (d14) after irradiation. Our study indicated that SVP-B5 could partially mitigate radiation-induced DNA damage, enhance the post-radiation hematopoietic recovery, and improve the survival rate probably through the ROS-p16/p21 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical university, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
| | - Meixun Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
| | - Baiqian Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
| | - Tianhan Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
| | - Weihua Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, PR China
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Xu G, Wu H, Zhang J, Li D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Lu L, Li C, Huang S, Xing Y, Zhou D, Meng A. Metformin ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term hematopoietic stem cell injury in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:15-25. [PMID: 26086617 PMCID: PMC4707049 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only by the radiolysis of water but also through IR-induced perturbation of the cellular metabolism and disturbance of the balance of reduction/oxidation reactions. Our recent studies showed that the increased production of intracellular ROS induced by IR contributes to IR-induced late effects, particularly in the hematopoietic system, because inhibition of ROS production with an antioxidant after IR exposure can mitigate IR-induced long-term bone marrow (BM) injury. Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin also has the ability to regulate cellular metabolism and ROS production by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Therefore, we examined whether metformin can ameliorate IR-induced long-term BM injury in a total-body irradiation (TBI) mouse model. Our results showed that the administration of metformin significantly attenuated TBI-induced increases in ROS production and DNA damage and upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 expression in BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These changes were associated with a significant increase in BM HSC frequency, a considerable improvement in in vitro and in vivo HSC function, and complete inhibition of upregulation of p16(Ink4a) in HSCs after TBI. These findings demonstrate that metformin can attenuate TBI-induced long-term BM injury at least in part by inhibiting the induction of chronic oxidative stress in HSCs and HSC senescence. Therefore, metformin has the potential to be used as a novel radioprotectant to ameliorate TBI-induced long-term BM injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hongying Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yueying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Song Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yonghua Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Aimin Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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30
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Jiang C, Hu X, Wang L, Cheng H, Lin Y, Pang Y, Yuan W, Cheng T, Wang J. Excessive proliferation and impaired function of primitive hematopoietic cells in bone marrow due to senescence post chemotherapy in a T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia model. J Transl Med 2015; 13:234. [PMID: 26183432 PMCID: PMC4504405 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinic settings, rel apsed leukemic patients are found to be more fragile to chemotherapy due to delayed or incomplete hematopoietic recovery, and hematopoiesis of these patients seem to be impaired. METHODS We established a leukemia therapy model with a non-irradiated T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia mouse model combined with cytarabine and cyclophosphamide. Dynamic kinetics and functional status of both primitive hematopoietic cells and leukemic cells in a leukemia host under the chemotherapy stress were comprehensively investigated. RESULTS We successfully established the leukemia therapy model with T lymphoblastic phenotype. After treatment with cytarabine and cyclophosphamide, the frequency of L(-)K(+)S(+) hematopoietic cells tides with the therapy, and stabled when the disease remission, then reduced when relapsed, while leukemic cells showed a delayed but consistent regeneration. Combination of chemotherapy significantly promote an early and transient entrance of L(-)K(+)S(+) hematopoietic cells into active proliferation and induction of apoptosis on L(-)K(+)S(+) cells in vivo. Moreover, in the competitive bone marrow transplantation assays, hematopoietic cells showed gradually diminished regenerative capacity. Testing of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β gal) status showed higher levels in L(-)K(+)S(+) hematopoietic cells post therapy when compared with the control. Gene expression analysis of hematopoietic primitive cells revealed up-regulated p16, p21, and down-regulated egr1 and fos. CONCLUSION We conclude that primitive hematopoietic cells in bone marrow enter proliferation earlier than leukemic cells after chemotherapy, and gradually lost their regenerative capacity partly by senescence due to accelerated cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhe Jiang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Libing Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yakun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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31
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Xiao X, Luo H, Vanek KN, LaRue AC, Schulte BA, Wang GY. Catalase inhibits ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1342-51. [PMID: 25603016 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic toxicity is a major cause of mortality in radiation emergency scenarios and a primary side effect concern in patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of novel and more effective approaches to manage this side effect. Catalase is a potent antioxidant enzyme that coverts hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of catalase as a protectant against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced toxicity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The results revealed that catalase treatment markedly inhibits IR-induced apoptosis in murine hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Subsequent colony-forming cell and cobble-stone area-forming cell assays showed that catalase-treated HSPCs can not only survive irradiation-induced apoptosis but also have higher clonogenic capacity, compared with vehicle-treated cells. Moreover, transplantation of catalase-treated irradiated HSPCs results in high levels of multi-lineage and long-term engraftments, whereas vehicle-treated irradiated HSPCs exhibit very limited hematopoiesis reconstituting capacity. Mechanistically, catalase treatment attenuates IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks and inhibits reactive oxygen species. Unexpectedly, we found that the radioprotective effect of catalase is associated with activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 abolishes the protective activity of catalase, suggesting that catalase may protect HSPCs against IR-induced toxicity via promoting STAT3 activation. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism by which catalase inhibits IR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,2Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,3Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth N Vanek
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,5Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, South Carolina.,6Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program of the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,6Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program of the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Chang J, Feng W, Wang Y, Luo Y, Allen AR, Koturbash I, Turner J, Stewart B, Raber J, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. Whole-body proton irradiation causes long-term damage to hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Radiat Res 2015; 183:240-8. [PMID: 25635345 DOI: 10.1667/rr13887.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Space flight poses certain health risks to astronauts, including exposure to space radiation, with protons accounting for more than 80% of deep-space radiation. Proton radiation is also now being used with increasing frequency in the clinical setting to treat cancer. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to better understand the biological effects of proton radiation on the body. Such improved understanding could also lead to more accurate assessment of the potential health risks of proton radiation, as well as the development of improved strategies to prevent and mitigate its adverse effects. Previous studies have shown that exposure to low doses of protons is detrimental to mature leukocyte populations in peripheral blood, however, the underlying mechanisms are not known. Some of these detriments may be attributable to damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that have the ability to self-renew, proliferate and differentiate into different lineages of blood cells through hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of low-dose proton irradiation on HSCs. We exposed C57BL/6J mice to 1.0 Gy whole-body proton irradiation (150 MeV) and then studied the effects of proton radiation on HSCs and HPCs in the bone marrow (BM) 22 weeks after the exposure. The results showed that mice exposed to 1.0 Gy whole-body proton irradiation had a significant and persistent reduction of BM HSCs compared to unirradiated controls. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in BM HPCs after proton irradiation. Furthermore, irradiated HSCs and their progeny exhibited a significant impairment in clonogenic function, as revealed by the cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) and colony-forming cell assays, respectively. These long-term effects of proton irradiation on HSCs may be attributable to the induction of chronic oxidative stress in HSCs, because HSCs from irradiated mice exhibited a significant increase in NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) mRNA expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, the increased production of ROS in HSCs was associated with a significant reduction in HSC quiescence and an increase in DNA damage. These findings indicate that exposure to proton radiation can lead to long-term HSC injury, probably in part by radiation-induced oxidative stress.
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Hematopoietic recovery of acute radiation syndrome by human superoxide dismutase-expressing umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:403-17. [PMID: 25618561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) leads to pancytopenia and multi-organ failure. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells provides a curative option for radiation-induced aplasia, but this therapy is limited by donor availability. METHODS We examined an alternative therapeutic approach to ARS with the use of human extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD)-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs). This treatment combines the unique regenerative role of UCMSCs with the anti-oxidative activity of ECSOD. RESULTS We demonstrated that systemically administered ECSOD-UCMSCs are able to protect mice from sub-lethal doses of radiation and improve survival by promoting multilineage hematopoietic recovery. The therapeutic effect of this treatment is related to the decrease in radiation-induced O(2)(-) and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the clinical potential of this two-pronged approach to the treatment of ARS, thereby serving as a rapid and effective first-line strategy to combat the hematopoietic failure resulting from a radiation accident, nuclear terrorism and other radiologic emergencies.
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Slosky LM, Vanderah TW. Therapeutic potential of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:443-66. [PMID: 25576197 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.1000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic oxidant species implicated in a host of pathologies, including inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, radiation injury and chronic pain. With the recognition of the role of peroxynitrite in disease, numerous experimental and therapeutic tools have arisen to probe peroxyntirite's pathophysiological contribution and attenuate its oxidative damage. Peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts (PNDCs) are redox-active compounds that detoxify peroxynitrite by catalyzing its isomerization or reduction to nitrate or nitrite. AREAS COVERED This review discusses recent research articles and patents published 1995 - 2014 on the development and therapeutic use of PNDCs. Iron and manganese metalloporphyrin PNDCs attenuate the toxic effects of peroxynitrite and are currently being developed for clinical applications. Additionally, some Mn porphyrin-based PNDCs have optimized pharmaceutical properties such that they exhibit greater peroxynitrite selectivity. Other classes of PNDC agents, including bis(hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethenes and metallocorroles, have demonstrated preclinical efficacy, oral availability and reduced toxicity risk. EXPERT OPINION Interest in the drug-like properties of peroxynitrite-neutralizing agents has grown with the realization that PNDCs will be powerful tools in the treatment of disease. The design of compounds with enhanced oral availability and peroxynitrite selectivity is a critical step toward the availability of safe, effective and selective redox modulators for the treatment of peroxynitrite-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Slosky
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology , Life Science North Rm 621, 1501 North Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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Cui Y, Jia F, He J, Xie X, Li Z, Fu M, Hao H, Liu Y, Liu DZ, Cowan PJ, Zhu H, Sun Q, Liu Z. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Suppresses In Vivo Proliferation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127309. [PMID: 26058063 PMCID: PMC4461321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Some environmental insults, such as fine particulate matter (PM) exposure, significantly impair the function of stem cells. However, it is unknown if PM exposure could affect the population of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The present study was to investigate the effects of PM on BMSCs population and related mechanism(s). MAIN METHEODS PM was intranasally distilled into male C57BL/6 mice for one month. Flow cytometry with antibodies for BMSCs, Annexin V and BrdU ware used to determine the number of BMSCs and the levels of their apoptosis and proliferation in vivo. Phosphorylated Akt (P-Akt) level was determined in the BM cells with western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was quantified using flow cytometry analysis. To determine the role of PM-induced ROS in BMSCs population, proliferation, and apotosis, experiments were repeated using N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated wild type mice or a triple transgenic mouse line with overexpression of antioxidant network (AON) composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD3, and glutathione peroxidase-1 with decreased in vivo ROS production. KEY FINDINGS PM treatment significantly reduced BMSCs population in association with increased ROS formation, decreased P-Akt level, and inhibition of proliferation of BMSCs without induction of apoptosis. NAC treatment or AON overexpression with reduced ROS formation effectively prevented PM-induced reduction of BMSCs population and proliferation with partial recovery of P-Akt level. SIGNIFICANCE PM exposure significantly decreased the population of BMSCs due to diminished proliferation via ROS-mediated mechanism (could be partially via inhibition of Akt signaling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fengpeng Jia
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Li
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Minghuan Fu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Hong Hao
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Dylan Z. Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hua Zhu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tovmasyan A, Carballal S, Ghazaryan R, Melikyan L, Weitner T, Maia CC, Reboucas JS, Radi R, Spasojevic I, Benov L, Batinic-Haberle I. Rational design of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics: the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of new cationic Mn porphyrins with linear and cyclic substituents. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11467-83. [PMID: 25333724 PMCID: PMC4220860 DOI: 10.1021/ic501329p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our goal herein has been to gain further insight into the parameters which control porphyrin therapeutic potential. Mn porphyrins (MnTnOct-2-PyP(5+), MnTnHexOE-2-PyP(5+), MnTE-2-PyPhP(5+), and MnTPhE-2-PyP(5+)) that bear the same positive charge and same number of carbon atoms at meso positions of porphyrin core were explored. The carbon atoms of their meso substituents are organized to form either linear or cyclic structures of vastly different redox properties, bulkiness, and lipophilicities. These Mn porphyrins were compared to frequently studied compounds, MnTE-2-PyP(5+), MnTE-3-PyP(5+), and MnTBAP(3-). All Mn(III) porphyrins (MnPs) have metal-centered reduction potential, E1/2 for Mn(III)P/Mn(II)P redox couple, ranging from -194 to +340 mV versus NHE, log kcat(O2(•-)) from 3.16 to 7.92, and log kred(ONOO(-)) from 5.02 to 7.53. The lipophilicity, expressed as partition between n-octanol and water, log POW, was in the range -1.67 to -7.67. The therapeutic potential of MnPs was assessed via: (i) in vitro ability to prevent spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate as assessed by malondialdehyde levels; (ii) in vivo O2(•-) specific assay to measure the efficacy in protecting the aerobic growth of SOD-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and (iii) aqueous solution chemistry to measure the reactivity toward major in vivo endogenous antioxidant, ascorbate. Under the conditions of lipid peroxidation assay, the transport across the cellular membranes, and in turn shape and size of molecule, played no significant role. Those MnPs of E1/2 ∼ +300 mV were the most efficacious, significantly inhibiting lipid peroxidation in 0.5-10 μM range. At up to 200 μM, MnTBAP(3-) (E1/2 = -194 mV vs NHE) failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation, while MnTE-2-PyPhP(5+) with 129 mV more positive E1/2 (-65 mV vs NHE) was fully efficacious at 50 μM. The E1/2 of Mn(III)P/Mn(II)P redox couple is proportional to the log kcat(O2(•-)), i.e., the SOD-like activity of MnPs. It is further proportional to kred(ONOO(-)) and the ability of MnPs to prevent lipid peroxidation. In turn, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by MnPs is also proportional to their SOD-like activity. In an in vivo S. cerevisiae assay, however, while E1/2 predominates, lipophilicity significantly affects the efficacy of MnPs. MnPs of similar log POW and E1/2, that have linear alkyl or alkoxyalkyl pyridyl substituents, distribute more easily within a cell and in turn provide higher protection to S. cerevisiae in comparison to MnP with bulky cyclic substituents. The bell-shape curve, with MnTE-2-PyP(5+) exhibiting the highest ability to catalyze ascorbate oxidation, has been established and discussed. Our data support the notion that the SOD-like activity of MnPs parallels their therapeutic potential, though species other than O2(•-), such as peroxynitrite, H2O2, lipid reactive species, and cellular reductants, may be involved in their mode(s) of action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak Tovmasyan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, 281b MSRB I, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Sebastian Carballal
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical
Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad
de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Robert Ghazaryan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lida Melikyan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tin Weitner
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, 281b MSRB I, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Clarissa
G. C. Maia
- Departamento de Quimica, CCEN, Universidade
Federal de Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Julio S. Reboucas
- Departamento de Quimica, CCEN, Universidade
Federal de Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical
Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad
de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, 281b MSRB I, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, 281b MSRB I, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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Ran Y, Wang R, Hasan M, Jia Q, Tang B, Shan S, Deng Y, Qing H. Radioprotective effects of dragon's blood and its extracts on radiation-induced myelosuppressive mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:624-634. [PMID: 24814319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dragon׳s blood, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to "panacea of blood activating" and its major biological activity appears to be from phenolic compounds. In this study, our research aims to examine the effects of Dragon׳s blood (DB) and its extracts (DBE) on radiation-induced myelosuppressive mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult BALB/C mice were exposed to the whole body irradiation with 4 Gy (60)Co γ-rays. DB and DBE were respectively administered orally for 5 constitutive days prior to irradiation treatment. The radioprotective effects and relevant mechanisms of DB and DBE in radiation-induced bone marrow injury were investigated by ex vivo examination. RESULTS We found that the administration of DB and DBE significantly increased the numbers of peripheral blood cells and colony forming unit of bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells. Interestingly, compared with the irradiation group, the administration of DB and DBE significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ and oxidative stress injury such as SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA in serum of mice. Furthermore, DBE markedly improved the morphology of bone marrow histopathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DB and DBE effectively attenuate radiation-induced damage in bone marrow, which is likely associated with the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of DB and DBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ran
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiutian Jia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Shan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Administration of the resveratrol analogues isorhapontigenin and heyneanol-A protects mice hematopoietic cells against irradiation injuries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:282657. [PMID: 25050334 PMCID: PMC4094723 DOI: 10.1155/2014/282657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is known not only to cause acute bone marrow (BM) suppression but also to lead to long-term residual hematopoietic injury. These effects have been attributed to IR inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we examined if isorhapontigenin and heyneanol-A, two analogues of resveratrol, could mitigate IR-induced BM suppression. The results of cell viability assays, clonogenic assays, and competitive repopulation assays revealed that treatment with these compounds could protect mice BM mononuclear cells (BMMNC), hematopoietic progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells from IR-induced BM suppression. Moreover, the expression of genes related to the endogenous cellular antioxidant system in hematopoietic cells was analyzed. The expression and activity of SOD2 and GPX1 were found to be decreased in irradiated BMMNC, and the application of the resveratrol analogues could ameliorate this damage. Our results suggest that in comparison with resveratrol and isorhapontigenin, treatment with heyneanol-A can protect hematopoietic cells from IR-induced damage to a greater degree; the protective effects of these compounds are probably the result of their antioxidant properties.
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Li D, Lu L, Zhang J, Wang X, Xing Y, Wu H, Yang X, Shi Z, Zhao M, Fan S, Meng A. Mitigating the effects of Xuebijing injection on hematopoietic cell injury induced by total body irradiation with γ rays by decreasing reactive oxygen species levels. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10541-53. [PMID: 24927144 PMCID: PMC4100167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic injury is the most common side effect of radiotherapy. However, the methods available for the mitigating of radiation injury remain limited. Xuebijing injection (XBJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat sepsis in the clinic. In this study, we investigated the effects of XBJ on the survival rate in mice with hematopoietic injury induced by γ ray ionizing radiation (IR). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with XBJ daily for seven days after total body irradiation (TBI). Our results showed that XBJ (0.4 mL/kg) significantly increased 30-day survival rates in mice exposed to 7.5 Gy TBI. This effect may be attributable to improved preservation of white blood cells (WBCs) and hematopoietic cells, given that bone marrow (BM) cells from XBJ-treated mice produced more granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM) than that in the 2 Gy/TBI group. XBJ also decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in serum and attenuated the increased BM cell apoptosis caused by 2 Gy/TBI. In conclusion, these findings suggest that XBJ enhances the survival rate of irradiated mice and attenuates the effects of radiation on hematopoietic injury by decreasing ROS production in BM cells, indicating that XBJ may be a promising therapeutic candidate for reducing hematopoietic radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yonghua Xing
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Hongying Wu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Zhexin Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Aimin Meng
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Roberts ERH, Vujaskovic Z, Leong KW, Spasojevic I. SOD therapeutics: latest insights into their structure-activity relationships and impact on the cellular redox-based signaling pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2372-415. [PMID: 23875805 PMCID: PMC4005498 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are indispensable and ubiquitous antioxidant defenses maintaining the steady-state levels of O2·(-); no wonder, thus, that their mimics are remarkably efficacious in essentially any animal model of oxidative stress injuries thus far explored. RECENT ADVANCES Structure-activity relationship (half-wave reduction potential [E1/2] versus log kcat), originally reported for Mn porphyrins (MnPs), is valid for any other class of SOD mimics, as it is dominated by the superoxide reduction and oxidation potential. The biocompatible E1/2 of ∼+300 mV versus normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) allows powerful SOD mimics as mild oxidants and antioxidants (alike O2·(-)) to readily traffic electrons among reactive species and signaling proteins, serving as fine mediators of redox-based signaling pathways. Based on similar thermodynamics, both SOD enzymes and their mimics undergo similar reactions, however, due to vastly different sterics, with different rate constants. CRITICAL ISSUES Although log kcat(O2·(-)) is a good measure of therapeutic potential of SOD mimics, discussions of their in vivo mechanisms of actions remain mostly of speculative character. Most recently, the therapeutic and mechanistic relevance of oxidation of ascorbate and glutathionylation and oxidation of protein thiols by MnP-based SOD mimics and subsequent inactivation of nuclear factor κB has been substantiated in rescuing normal and killing cancer cells. Interaction of MnPs with thiols seems to be, at least in part, involved in up-regulation of endogenous antioxidative defenses, leading to the healing of diseased cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mechanistic explorations of single and combined therapeutic strategies, along with studies of bioavailability and translational aspects, will comprise future work in optimizing redox-active drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emily R. H. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Kingdom
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
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Holley AK, Miao L, St Clair DK, St Clair WH. Redox-modulated phenomena and radiation therapy: the central role of superoxide dismutases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1567-89. [PMID: 24094070 PMCID: PMC3942704 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Ionizing radiation is a vital component in the oncologist's arsenal for the treatment of cancer. Approximately 50% of all cancer patients will receive some form of radiation therapy as part of their treatment regimen. DNA is considered the major cellular target of ionizing radiation and can be damaged directly by radiation or indirectly through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed from the radiolysis of water, enzyme-mediated ROS production, and ROS resulting from altered aerobic metabolism. RECENT ADVANCES ROS are produced as a byproduct of oxygen metabolism, and superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the chief scavengers. ROS contribute to the radioresponsiveness of normal and tumor tissues, and SODs modulate the radioresponsiveness of tissues, thus affecting the efficacy of radiotherapy. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite its prevalent use, radiation therapy suffers from certain limitations that diminish its effectiveness, including tumor hypoxia and normal tissue damage. Oxygen is important for the stabilization of radiation-induced DNA damage, and tumor hypoxia dramatically decreases radiation efficacy. Therefore, auxiliary therapies are needed to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy against tumor tissues while minimizing normal tissue injury. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Because of the importance of ROS in the response of normal and cancer tissues to ionizing radiation, methods that differentially modulate the ROS scavenging ability of cells may prove to be an important method to increase the radiation response in cancer tissues and simultaneously mitigate the damaging effects of ionizing radiation on normal tissues. Altering the expression or activity of SODs may prove valuable in maximizing the overall effectiveness of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Holley
- 1 Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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Liu M, Tan H, Zhang X, Liu Z, Cheng Y, Wang D, Wang F. Hematopoietic effects and mechanisms of Fufang e׳jiao jiang on radiotherapy and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:575-584. [PMID: 24534527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang e׳jiao jiang (FEJ), which has been widely used in clinic to replenish qi (vital energy) and nourish blood, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula made up of Colla corii asini (donkey-hide gelatin prepared by stewing and concentrating from the hide of Equus asinus Linnaeus.), Radix codonopsis pilosulae (the root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.), Radix ginseng rubra (the steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.), Fructus crataegi (the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) and Radix rehmanniae preparata (the steamed and sun dried tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.). The present study aimed to investigate the hematopoietic effects of FEJ on myelosuppressed mice induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy systematically and to explore the underlying hematopoietic regulation mechanisms. METHODS The myelosuppressed mouse model was induced by (60)Co radiation, cyclophosphamide and chloramphenicol. FEJ was then administered by i.g. at the dosages of 5, 10, or 20 mL/kg·d for 10d. The numbers of blood cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) were counted. Body weight and the thymus and spleen indices were also measured. The numbers of hemopoietic progenitor cells and colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) were measured in vitro. The ratio of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in BMNC, cell cycle and apoptosis of BMNC were determined by flow cytometry. The histology of femoral bone was examined by H&E staining. The levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were measured by ELISA. IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6 mRNA levels in spleen were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were cultured in vitro followed by treatment with different doses of FEJ (2.5, 5, 10 μL/mL) for 48 h. Then the levels of cytokines (IL-6, SCF, GM-CSF) in the conditioned media and their mRNA levels in BMSC were determined by ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS FEJ could significantly increase the numbers of peripheral blood cells and BMNC, and reverse the loss of body weight and the atrophy of thymus and spleen in a dose-dependent manner. The quantities of hemopoietic progenitor cells and CFU-F in bone marrow were also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner after FEJ administration. A high-dose FEJ of 20 mL/kg·d could significantly increase the ratio of HSC in BMNC, promote bone marrow cells entering the proliferative cycle phase (S+G2/M) and prevent cells from proceeding to the apoptotic phase. FEJ could also improve the femoral bone marrow morphology. Furthermore, FEJ could increase the levels of GM-CSF and IL-3 and reduce the level of TGF-β in serum, and enhance the expressions of IL-1β and IL-3 mRNA in spleen. Lastly, the levels of cytokines (IL-6, SCF, GM-CSF) in the conditioned media and their mRNA levels in BMSC were elevated after treatment with FEJ. CONCLUSIONS FEJ was clearly confirmed to promote the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in a myelosuppressed mouse model, which may be attributed to (i) improving bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment; (ii) facilitating the cell proliferation and preventing BMNC from apoptosis; (iii) stimulating the expressions of IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, SCF and GM-CSF and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haining Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanna Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Shandong Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Dong׳e 252201, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) as the result of nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks is a significant threat and a major medical concern. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) injury is the primary cause of death after accidental or intentional exposure to a moderate or high dose of IR. Protecting HSCs from IR should be a primary goal in the development of novel medical countermeasures against radiation. RECENT ADVANCES Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms by which IR causes HSC damage. The mechanisms include (i) induction of HSC apoptosis via the p53-Puma pathway; (ii) promotion of HSC differentiation via the activation of the G-CSF/Stat3/BATF-dependent differentiation checkpoint; (iii) induction of HSC senescence via the ROS-p38 pathway; and (iv) damage to the HSC niche. CRITICAL ISSUES Induction of apoptosis in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells is primarily responsible for IR-induced acute bone marrow (BM) injury. Long-term BM suppression caused by IR is mainly attributable to the induction of HSC senescence. However, the promotion of HSC differentiation and damage to the HSC niche can contribute to both the acute and long-term effects of IR on the hematopoietic system. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we have summarized a number of recent findings that provide new insights into the mechanisms whereby IR damages HSCs. These findings will provide new opportunities for developing a mechanism-based strategy to prevent and/or mitigate IR-induced BM suppression. Antioxid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Total body irradiation causes long-term mouse BM injury via induction of HSC premature senescence in an Ink4a- and Arf-independent manner. Blood 2014; 123:3105-15. [PMID: 24622326 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-515619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) induces not only acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome but also long-term or residual bone marrow (BM) injury. This residual BM injury is mainly attributed to permanent damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including impaired self-renewal, decreased long-term repopulating capacity, and myeloid skewing. These HSC defects were associated with significant increases in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of p16(Ink4a) (p16) and Arf mRNA, and senescence-associated β-galacotosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, but not with telomere shortening or increased apoptosis, suggesting that TBI induces residual BM injury via induction of HSC premature senescence. This suggestion is supported by the finding that SA-β-gal(+) HSC-enriched LSK cells showed more pronounced defects in clonogenic activity in vitro and long-term engraftment after transplantation than SA-β-gal(-) LSK cells isolated from irradiated mice. However, genetic deletion of p16 and/or Arf had no effect on TBI-induced residual BM suppression and HSC senescence, because HSCs from irradiated p16 and/or Arf knockout (KO) mice exhibited changes similar to those seen in HSCs from wild-type mice after exposure to TBI. These findings provide important new insights into the mechanism by which TBI causes long-term BM suppression (eg, via induction of premature senescence of HSCs in a p16-Arf-independent manner).
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Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Checker R, Sandur SK. Mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury via regulation of cellular MAPK/phosphatase levels and increasing hematopoietic stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:52-64. [PMID: 24287141 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel strategy for mitigation of ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome by suppressing the activity of MKP3, resulting in ERK activation and enhanced abundance of hematopoietic stem cells, using the antioxidant flavonoid baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone). It offered complete protection to mouse splenic lymphocytes against radiation-induced cell death. Inhibitors of ERK and Nrf-2 could significantly abrogate baicalein-mediated radioprotection in lymphocytes. Baicalein inhibited phosphatase MKP3 and thereby enhanced phosphorylation of ERK and its downstream proteins such as Elk and Nrf-2. It also increased the nuclear levels of Nrf-2 and the mRNA levels of its dependent genes. Importantly, baicalein administration to mice before radiation exposure led to significant recovery of loss of bone marrow cellularity and also inhibited cell death. Administration of baicalein increased the hematopoietic stem cell frequency as measured by side-population assay and also by antibody staining. Further, baicalein offered significant protection against whole-body irradiation (WBI; 7.5Gy)-induced mortality in mice. Interestingly, we found that baicalein works by activating the same target molecules ERK and Nrf-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (inhibitor of Nrf-2) significantly abrogated baicalein-mediated protection against WBI-induced mortality in mice. Thus, in contrast to the generalized conception of antioxidants acting as radioprotectors, we provide a rationale that antioxidants exhibit pleiotropic effects through the activation of multiple cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in determining the fate of normal stem cells. Low levels of ROS are required for stem cells to maintain quiescence and self-renewal. Increases in ROS production cause stem cell proliferation/differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, leading to their exhaustion. Therefore, the production of ROS in stem cells is tightly regulated to ensure that they have the ability to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair damaged tissues for the life span of an organism. In this chapter, we discuss how the production of ROS in normal stem cells is regulated by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and how the fate of these cells is altered by the dysregulation of ROS production under various pathological conditions. In addition, the implications of the aberrant production of ROS by tumor stem cells for tumor progression and treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Zhang H, Wang YA, Meng A, Yan H, Wang X, Niu J, Li J, Wang H. Inhibiting TGFβ1 has a protective effect on mouse bone marrow suppression following ionizing radiation exposure in vitro. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:630-636. [PMID: 23370919 PMCID: PMC3709670 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes not only acute tissue damage but also residual bone marrow (BM) suppression. The induction of residual BM injury is primarily attributable to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) pressure in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we examined if SB431542, a transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) inhibitor, can mitigate IR-induced BM suppression in vitro. Our results showed that treatment with SB431542 protected mice bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from IR-induced suppression using cell viability assays, clonogenic assays and competitive repopulation assays. Moreover, expression of gene-related ROS production in hematopoietic cells was analyzed. The expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 was increased in irradiated BMMNCs, and that of NOX2 and NOX4 was reduced by SB431542 treatment. Therefore, the results from this study suggest that SB431542, a TGFβ1 inhibitor, alleviates IR-induced BM suppression at least in part via inhibiting IR-induced NOX2 and NOX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-ai Wang
- Department of Internal medicine, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxiu Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
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Revskaya E, Chu P, Howell RC, Schweitzer AD, Bryan RA, Harris M, Gerfen G, Jiang Z, Jandl T, Kim K, Ting LM, Sellers RS, Dadachova E, Casadevall A. Compton scattering by internal shields based on melanin-containing mushrooms provides protection of gastrointestinal tract from ionizing radiation. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 27:570-6. [PMID: 23113595 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for radioprotectors that protect normal tissues from ionizing radiation in patients receiving high doses of radiation and during nuclear emergencies. We investigated the possibility of creating an efficient oral radioprotector based on the natural pigment melanin that would act as an internal shield and protect the tissues via Compton scattering followed by free radical scavenging. CD-1 mice were fed melanin-containing black edible mushrooms Auricularia auricila-judae before 9 Gy total body irradiation. The location of the mushrooms in the body before irradiation was determined by in vivo fluorescent imaging. Black mushrooms protected 80% of mice from the lethal dose, while control mice or those given melanin-devoid mushrooms died from gastrointestinal syndrome. The crypts of mice given black mushrooms showed less apoptosis and more cell division than those in control mice, and their white blood cell and platelet counts were restored at 45 days to preradiation levels. The role of melanin in radioprotection was proven by the fact that mice given white mushrooms supplemented with melanin survived at the same rate as mice given black mushrooms. The ability of melanin-containing mushrooms to provide remarkable protection against radiation suggests that they could be developed into oral radioprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Revskaya
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Kawakatsu M, Urata Y, Imai R, Goto S, Ono Y, Nishida N, Li TS. Nicaraven attenuates radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60023. [PMID: 23555869 PMCID: PMC3612087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicaraven, a chemically synthesized hydroxyl radical-specific scavenger, has been demonstrated to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in various organs. We investigated whether nicaraven can attenuate radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which is the conmen complication of radiotherapy and one of the major causes of death in sub-acute phase after accidental exposure to high dose radiation. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1 Gy γ-ray radiation daily for 5 days in succession (a total of 5 Gy), and given nicaraven or a placebo after each exposure. The mice were sacrificed 2 days after the last radiation treatment, and the protective effects and relevant mechanisms of nicaraven in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with radiation-induced damage were investigated by ex vivo examination. We found that post-radiation administration of nicaraven significantly increased the number, improved the colony-forming capacity, and decreased the DNA damage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The urinary levels of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidation, were significantly lower in mice that were given nicaraven compared with those that received a placebo treatment, although the levels of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the bone marrow cells did not differ significantly between the two groups. Interestingly, compared with the placebo treatment, the administration of nicaraven significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the plasma of mice. Our data suggest that nicaraven effectively diminished the effects of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which is likely associated with the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kawakatsu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Urata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Imai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kawakatsu M, Urata Y, Goto S, Ono Y, Li TS. Placental extract protects bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells against radiation injury through anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:268-276. [PMID: 23154884 PMCID: PMC3589942 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Placental extracts have been reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Because there is increasing evidence that ionizing radiation induces the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, we examined the protective effects of a placental extract against radiation injury. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1 Gy of γ-ray radiation every day for 5 days, and placental extract (1 mg/day) was administrated orally soon after each exposure. At 2 days after the last irradiation, mice were euthanized to examine the numbers, colony-forming capacity, and DNA damage of stem/progenitor cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. To understand the related mechanisms, we also measured the levels of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS, and 8-OHdG in the plasma and urine, and IL-6 and TNF-α in the plasma. Compared with the placebo treatment, oral administration of placental extract significantly increased the number and colony-forming capacity, but decreased the DNA damage of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells. However, neither the levels of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in bone marrow cells, nor the levels of 8-OHdG in the urine and plasma significantly differed between groups. Interestingly, in comparison with the placebo treatment, placental extract significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the plasma. Placental extract significantly attenuated the acute radiation injury to bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells, and this protection is likely to be related to the anti-inflammatory activity of the placental extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Corresponding author. Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7099; Fax: +81-95-819-7097; E-mail:
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