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Satre DD, Sarovar V, Levine T, Leibowitz AS, Lea AN, Ridout KK, Hare CB, Luu MN, Flamm J, Dilley JW, Davy-Mendez T, Sterling SA, Silverberg MJ. Factors associated with suicidal ideation among people with HIV engaged in care. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:369-376. [PMID: 38723683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for suicidal ideation (SI), yet few studies have examined how substance use, clinical and sociodemographic factors are associated with SI among PWH. METHOD We used substance use (Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use [TAPS]) and depression (PHQ-9) data from computerized screening of adult PWH in primary care clinics in Northern California, combined with health record data on psychiatric diagnoses, HIV diagnosis, treatment, and control (HIV RNA, CD4), insurance, and neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) to examine factors associated with SI (PHQ-9 item 9 score > 0). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for SI were obtained from logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 2829 PWH screened (92 % male; 56 % white; mean (SD) age of 54 (13) years; 220 (8 %) reported SI. Compared with no problematic use, SI was higher among those reporting one (aOR = 1.65, 95 % CI = 1.17, 2.33), two (aOR = 2.23, 95 % CI = 1.42, 3.49), or ≥ 3 substances (aOR = 4.49, 95 % CI = 2.41, 8.39). SI risk was higher for those with stimulant use (aOR = 3.55, 95 % CI = 2.25, 5.59), depression (aOR = 4.18, 95 % CI = 3.04, 5.74), and anxiety diagnoses (aOR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 1.19, 2.34), or Medicaid (aOR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.24, 3.60) compared with commercial/other insurance. SI was not associated with HIV-related measures or NDI. LIMITATIONS SI was assessed with a single PHQ-9 item. Simultaneous SI and exposure data collection restricts the ability to establish substance use as a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS HIV care providers should consider multiple substance use, stimulant use, depression or anxiety, and public insurance as risk factors for SI and provide interventions when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek D Satre
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America.
| | - Varada Sarovar
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Tory Levine
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Amy S Leibowitz
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N Lea
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Kathryn K Ridout
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America; The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA 94612, United States of America
| | - C Bradley Hare
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Mitchell N Luu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Jason Flamm
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - James W Dilley
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States of America
| | - Thibaut Davy-Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Stacy A Sterling
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
| | - Michael J Silverberg
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States of America
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Spence K, Merkouris SS, Jackson AC, Wade AJ, Dowling NA. Negative and positive mental health characteristics of affected family members: Findings from a cross-sectional Australian general population gambling study. Addict Behav 2024; 155:107998. [PMID: 38598904 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the impact of problem gambling on affected family members (AFMs), there are limited large-scale population level studies identifying the negative mental health (NMH) and positive mental health (PMH) characteristics of AFMs. Furthermore, no study has explored whether PMH characteristics are protective in the relationships between AFM status and NMH characteristics. This study involved secondary data analysis from the Third Social and Economic Impact Study of Gambling in Tasmania. Using a subsample of 1,869 adults (48.30 % male; meanage = 48.48; 4.67 % AFMs), this study aimed to explore whether: (1) AFM status is associated with NMH (depression, anxiety, panic, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety, binge drinking, tobacco use, and drug use symptoms) and PMH (quality of life [QOL], personal growth/autonomy, interpersonal/social skills, coping skills) characteristics after separately controlling for sociodemographic, problem gambling severity, and other NMH characteristics; (2) PMH characteristics moderate (buffer) the relationships between AFM status and NMH characteristics; and (3) gender influences these relationships. AFM status, defined as exposure to family member gambling problems, significantly positively predicted NMH characteristics (depression, anxiety, panic, PTSD, and tobacco use symptoms) and negatively predicted QOL (physical, social) and planning coping. The strength of these relationships generally attenuated after controlling for various covariates. Gender did not moderate these relationships. Religious coping exacerbated the relationship between AFM status and panic disorder symptoms. These findings can inform the development of intervention initiatives for family members exposed to gambling problems. Future population-representative research is required using a range of affected other types, longitudinal study designs, and more comprehensive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Spence
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - S S Merkouris
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - A C Jackson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - A J Wade
- Centre for International Research on Education Systems, Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Australia.
| | - N A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Schulz JA, Hall JP, West JC, Glasser AM, Bourne DE, Delnevo CD, Villanti AC. Measuring disability among U.S. adolescents and young adults: A survey measurement experiment. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102770. [PMID: 38846156 PMCID: PMC11154695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Disability is identified in surveys using various question sets, with little understanding of reliability across these measures, nor how these estimates may vary across age groups, including adolescents and young adults (AYA). The purpose of this study was to assess AYA prevalence of disability using two disability question sets and reliability of these measures. Methods AYA participants in the Policy and Communication Evaluation (PACE) Vermont Study completed a single-item disability question used in the National Survey on Health and Disability (NSHD) and Urban Institute's Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS) and a six-item set on functioning (Washington Group-Short Set, WG-SS) from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in 2021. Prevalence was estimated for any disability and each disability domain in adolescents (ages 12-17) and young adults (ages 18-25) and compared with U.S. national estimates in NHIS and NSDUH. Results Using the WG-SS, the prevalence of any disability was 17.0 % in PACE Vermont adolescents and 22.0 % in young adults, consistent with the national prevalence of adolescents in NSDUH (17.9 %) but higher than estimates of young adults in NHIS (3.9 %) and NSDUH (12.9 %). The single-item question provided lower estimates of disability (adolescents: 6.9 %; young adults: 18.5 %) than the WG-SS, with low positive agreement between measures. Discussion The prevalence of disability in AYAs varies depending on measures used. To improve disability surveillance, it may be necessary to validate new disability questions, including among AYAs, to capture a broader range of disability domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Schulz
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jean P. Hall
- Institute for Health and Disability Policy Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Julia C. West
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Allison M. Glasser
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Tao Z, Yang M, Li D, Jiang L, Zhang W. Quantifying the Importance of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Characteristics in Predicting Different Clinical Outcomes: Using Random Forest Model. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1615-1629. [PMID: 38300442 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Existing research on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents has primarily concentrated on general risk factors, leaving a significant gap in understanding the specific NSSI characteristics that predict diverse psychopathological outcomes. This study aims to address this gap by using Random Forests to discern the significant predictors of different clinical outcomes. The study tracked 348 adolescents (64.7% girls; mean age = 13.31, SD = 0.91) over 6 months. Initially, 46 characteristics of NSSI were evaluated for their potential to predict the repetition of NSSI, as well as depression, anxiety, and suicidal risks at a follow-up (T2). The findings revealed distinct predictors for each psychopathology. Specifically, psychological pain was identified as a significant predictor for depression, anxiety, and suicidal risks, while the perceived effectiveness of NSSI was crucial in forecasting its repetition. These findings imply that it is feasible to identify high-risk individuals by assessing key NSSI characteristics, and also highlight the importance of considering diverse NSSI characteristics when working with self-injurers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tao
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomei Yang
- Tangxia No.2 Junior High School, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Jiang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Harrison S, Quigley MA, Fellmeth G, Stein A, Ayers S, Alderdice F. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on postnatal anxiety and posttraumatic stress: Analysis of two population-based national maternity surveys in England. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:122-136. [PMID: 38574867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated postnatal anxiety and posttraumatic stress (PTS) before and during the Covid-19 pandemic using comparable data across time. We used data from two national maternity surveys in England to explore the impact of the pandemic on prevalence and risk factors for postnatal anxiety and PTS. METHODS Analysis was conducted using population-based surveys carried out in 2018 (n = 4509) and 2020 (n = 4611). Weighted prevalence estimates for postnatal anxiety and PTS were compared across surveys. Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) were estimated for the association between risk factors and postnatal anxiety and PTS. FINDINGS Prevalence of postnatal anxiety increased from 13.7 % in 2018 to 15.1 % in 2020 (+1.4 %(95%CI:-0.4-3.1)). Prevalence of postnatal PTS increased from 9.7 % in 2018 to 11.5 % in 2020 (+1.8 %(95%CI:0.3-3.4)), due to an increase in PTS related to birth trauma from 2.5 % to 4.3 % (+1.8 %(95%CI:0.9-2.6); there was no increase in PTS related to non-birth trauma. Younger age (aRR = 1.31-1.51), being born in the UK (aRR = 1.29-1.59), long-term physical or mental health problem(s) (aRR = 1.27-1.94), and antenatal anxiety (aRR = 1.97-2.22) were associated with increased risk of postnatal anxiety and PTS before and during the pandemic, whereas higher satisfaction with birth (aRR = 0.92-0.94) and social support (aRR = 0.81-0.82) were associated with decreased risk. INTERPRETATION Prevalence of postnatal PTS was significantly higher during the pandemic, compared to before the pandemic, due to an increase in PTS related to birth trauma. Prevalence of postnatal anxiety was not significantly higher during the pandemic. Risk factors for postnatal anxiety and PTS were similar before and during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harrison
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Maternal and Neonatal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - M A Quigley
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Maternal and Neonatal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Fellmeth
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Maternal and Neonatal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Stein
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Maternal and Neonatal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; African Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - S Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - F Alderdice
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Maternal and Neonatal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Ferron JC, Brunette MF, Aschbrenner KA, ElSayed MW, Pratt SI. Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Use Among Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:945-954. [PMID: 38427276 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To inform early intervention, this study describes correlates of substance use among young people with serious mental illness (SMI) enrolled in integrated care in community mental health settings. 227 adults ages 18-35 were assessed for clinical characteristics and substance use. Logistic regressions were used to describe relationships between substance use and participant characteristics. Over a third (38.9%) reported daily cannabis, 15.9% past month other illicit drug, 13.5% frequent/heavy alcohol and 47.4% any of these; 50.2% reported daily tobacco smoking and 23.3% current vaping. Daily cannabis and tobacco were the most common combination. Alcohol, drug, and cannabis with tobacco were associated with higher mental health symptoms but not with emergency room or hospital utilization. Cannabis and other substance use was common and associated with higher symptoms but not with greater hospital utilization, suggesting that early intervention could prevent long-term negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle C Ferron
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, 70 Commercial Street, Suite 203, Concord, NH, 03301, USA.
- The Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA.
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, USA.
| | - Mary F Brunette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, 70 Commercial Street, Suite 203, Concord, NH, 03301, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Concord, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, USA
| | - Kelly A Aschbrenner
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, 70 Commercial Street, Suite 203, Concord, NH, 03301, USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, USA
| | - Mohamed W ElSayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, 70 Commercial Street, Suite 203, Concord, NH, 03301, USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, USA
- New Hampshire Hospital, Concord, USA
| | - Sarah I Pratt
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, 70 Commercial Street, Suite 203, Concord, NH, 03301, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, USA
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Fruehwirth JC, Weng AX, Perreira KM. The effect of social media use on mental health of college students during the pandemic. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2024. [PMID: 38873817 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Social media is viewed to be a key contributor to worsening mental health in adolescents, as most recently reflected in a public health advisory by the US Surgeon General. We provide new evidence on the causal effects of social media on mental health of college students during the Covid-19 pandemic, exploiting unique, longitudinal data collected before the Covid-19 pandemic began and at two points during the pandemic. We find small insignificant effects of social media 4 months into the pandemic during a period of social distancing, but large statistically significant negative effects 18 months into the pandemic when colleges were mostly back to normal operations. Using rich data on substance use, exercise, sleep, stress, and social support, we find some evidence of substitution away from activities that better support mental health at later stages of the pandemic but not at early stages. We find that the negative effects of social media are mostly concentrated among socially-isolated students. Both social support and resilience protect students from the negative effects of social media use. Policy implications include regulating social media while also bolstering social support and resilience as important protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Cooley Fruehwirth
- Department of Economics, Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill and NBER, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alex Xingbang Weng
- Department of Economics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Hanft-Robert S, Mösko M. Community interpreting in Germany: results of a nationwide cross-sectional study among interpreters. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1570. [PMID: 38862965 PMCID: PMC11165753 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community interpreters (CIPs) play a crucial role in various community services, including healthcare, when service providers and users do not share a common language. However, there is a lack of evidence-based data on this population globally. This explorative cross-sectional study aims to gain a better understanding of CIPs and their work in Germany. METHODS A nationwide online survey was conducted among CIPs in Germany to collect data on their qualification background, working conditions, mental health, interpreting-related psychosocial distress and sociodemographics. Participants were recruited through interpreting pools, training institutions and migrant organizations. Data were analyzed descriptively, dependent t-test, multiple logistic and hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were performed to predict participation in interpreting-specific training, interpreting competence and interpreting-related psychosocial distress. RESULTS Across all 16 federal states, N = 873 responses were used for analysis. Most participants are female (74%), born abroad (77%) and have a high level of education (69%). The vast majority interpret occasionally in their leisure time (44%) and are self-employed/freelance (51%). 34% interpret solely or additional on a voluntary basis (unpaid). The median hours of interpreting per month are 10 h, 75% do not exceed 30 h. On average interpreters work in four different settings. 69% attended any kind of interpreting training with a median of 25 h in total. Interpreting in more settings emerged as an associated factor with participation in training. Of those who have never attended any training, 69% consider themselves as rather/very competent in interpreting. Interpreting more frequently, having less severe anxiety symptoms, getting higher and more often paid and being less satisfied with the payment is associated with self-reported interpreting competence. In total, 36% reported moderate or severe psychosocial distress regarding interpreting. Higher general psychosocial distress and depressive symptoms, higher interpreting frequency and lower payment satisfaction were found to be associated with higher distress regarding interpreting. Additionally, factors such as precarious work conditions, lack of recognition and discrimination (e.g. racism and sexism) were reported as distressing. CONCLUSION This study provides a first comprehensive evidence-based national database on CIPs in Germany. The findings can be valuable for the development of qualifications, guidelines, policies and the process of professionalizing the field of CIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hanft-Robert
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, 0049 40, 7410 56684, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mike Mösko
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, 0049 40, 7410 56684, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Stendal, Germany
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9
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Dong C, Chen H, Li Y, Sun Y, Pan Y, Xu Q, Sun H. Patterns of Health-Risk Behaviours and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Young Adults by Gender: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258922. [PMID: 38842056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in health-risk behaviour patterns among young adults and assessed the associations of anxiety and depression with these patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1740 young Chinese adults aged 18-24 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the clusters of health-risk behaviours and their associations with anxiety and depression. Three common patterns were found for both genders: physical inactivity, substance use, and insufficient fruit intake (5.7% for males [M] and 11.6% for females [F]); a sedentary lifestyle only (48.4% for M and 48.9% for F); and a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and an unhealthy diet (7.6% for M and 20.0% for F). Additionally, two additional unique patterns were found: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet in males (38.3%) and physical inactivity and insufficient fruit intake in females (19.6%). Sociodemographic variables exert different effects on health-risk behaviour patterns as a function of gender. Lower anxiety levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.823-0.966) and greater depression levels (OR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.008-1.143) were associated with a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and unhealthy diet class only in female young adults compared with a sedentary-only class. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of targeted interventions based on gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Informatics Center, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Wang D, Li Y, Fan Y, Ma Z, Sun M, Liu X, Fan F. Bidirectional associations between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02490-y. [PMID: 38834874 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the prospective associations between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. This study utilized a three-timepoint repeated cross-sectional survey with two nested longitudinal subsamples. A total of 17,722 adolescents were assessed at baseline (April 21 to May 12, 2021) and six months later (December 17 to 26, 2021). Out of these, 15,694 adolescents provided complete responses to the questions at baseline and one year later (May 17 - June 6, 2022). A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sample characteristics (at baseline), sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and PLEs (at each assessment), and negative life events (at two follow-ups). Baseline short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms predicted frequent PLEs at both follow-up assessments. Additionally, baseline frequent PLEs also predicted insomnia symptoms at six months and one year later. However, when controlling for confounders, PLEs at baseline only predicted short sleep duration at six months, and not at one year. This study reveals bidirectional prospective relationships between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and PLEs, even after controlling for covariates. Therefore, it is crucial to assess both sleep patterns and PLEs in order to promote optimal sleep and mental health among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Schwesig R, Borchardt M, Velten J, Hoyer J. Psychometric Properties of the Diagnostic Interview for Sexual Dysfunctions in Women in a Symptom-Reporting Sample. Assessment 2024:10731911241253659. [PMID: 38828910 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241253659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
While structured clinical interviews are considered the gold standard for diagnosing mental disorders, respective instruments are still lacking in the field of sexual dysfunctions. The study evaluates the psychometric properties of the new Diagnostic Interview for Sexual Dysfunctions in Women (DISEX-F), which is based on the eleventh edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), in a sample of 100 women with self-reported sexual problems. Participants were interviewed twice by trained diagnosticians with the DISEX-F. A third diagnostician evaluated the audio records of the initial interview. Participants also completed self-report measures of sexual functioning/distress and interview acceptance. The DISEX-F demonstrates excellent inter-rater reliability, good test-retest reliability, and strong convergent and discriminant evidence of validity. Furthermore, it achieves high acceptance among participants. Discordant diagnostic outcomes were especially linked to false differential diagnostic decisions and information variance in participants reporting. The results strongly support using the DISEX-F for women presenting with self-reported sexual problems in practice and research.
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12
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Francis A, Erridge S, Holvey C, Coomber R, Holden W, Rucker J, Platt M, Sodergren M. Assessment of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Osteoarthritis: Analysis From the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2024; 38:103-116. [PMID: 38669060 DOI: 10.1080/15360288.2024.2340076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis accounts for 0.6% of disability-adjusted life years globally. There is a paucity of research focused on cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) for osteoarthritic chronic pain management. This study aims to assess changes in validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and CBMP clinical safety in patients with osteoarthritis. A prospective case series from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry was analyzed. Primary outcomes were changes in the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ2), EQ-5D-5L, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups from baseline. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.0 was used for adverse event (AE) analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.050. Seventy-seven patients met inclusion criteria. CBMP initiation correlated with BPI pain severity (p = 0.004), pain interference (p = 0.005), and MPQ2 (p = 0.017) improvements at all follow-ups compared to baseline. There were improvements in the EQ-5D-5L index (p = 0.026), SQS (p < 0.001), and GAD-7 (p = 0.038) up to 6 and 3 months, respectively. Seventeen participants (22.08%) recorded 76 mild AEs (34.86%), 104 moderate AEs (47.71%), and 38 severe AEs (17.43%). Though causality cannot be assumed in this observational study, results support development of randomized control trials for osteoarthritis pain management with CBMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Francis
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Erridge
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Curaleaf Clinic, London, UK
| | | | - Ross Coomber
- Curaleaf Clinic, London, UK
- St. George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - James Rucker
- Curaleaf Clinic, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK, and South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Mikael Sodergren
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Curaleaf Clinic, London, UK
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13
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De Rubeis V, Griffith LE, Duncan L, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Anderson LN. Self-reported chronic conditions and COVID-19 public health measures among Canadian adults: an analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Public Health 2024; 231:99-107. [PMID: 38653017 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures were used to reduce the spread of COVID-19; it is unknown whether people with chronic conditions differentially adhered to public health measures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between chronic conditions and adherence and to explore effect modification by sex, age, and income. STUDY DESIGN An analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 Questionnaires (from April to September 2020) was conducted among middle-aged and older adults aged 50-96 years (n = 28,086). METHODS Self-reported chronic conditions included lung disease, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, obesity, anxiety, and depression. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between chronic conditions and low, medium, and high levels of adherence. Effect modification was evaluated using statistical interaction and stratification. RESULTS Most people (n = 17,435; 62%) had at least one chronic condition, and 2866 (10%) had three to seven chronic conditions. Among those with high adherence to public health measures, 69% had one or more chronic condition (n = 2266). Having three to seven chronic conditions, compared with none, was associated with higher adherence to public health measures (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42). Higher adherence was also noted across chronic conditions, for example, those with diabetes had higher adherence (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.53-1.93). There was limited evidence of effect modification by sex, age, or income. CONCLUSIONS Canadians with chronic conditions were more likely to adhere to public health measures; however, future research is needed to understand whether adherence helped to prevent adverse COVID-19 outcomes and if adherence had unintended consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Rubeis
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K0A 0K9, Canada.
| | - L E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - L Duncan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Y Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - M de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - L N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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14
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Stavropoulos L, Briggs N, Grisham JR. Self-guided imagery rescripting for worry images: A preliminary experimental investigation. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1213-1230. [PMID: 38356250 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental images of feared events are overactive and intrusive in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Imagery rescripting involves integration of positive or neutral imagery and corrective information into images to facilitate emotional processing, reduce imagery intrusions, and re-structure underlying schema. Yet only one known study has applied the technique to treatment of worry. The present study aimed first to examine the relationship between trait worry and properties of future-oriented worry images, and second to examine the efficacy of a self-guided imagery rescripting intervention in improving individuals' response to their worries. METHODS Participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 365) identified their major worry and wrote the script of a worst-case scenario mental image. Participants were randomized to three conditions: re-writing the same worry image script (exposure), or writing scripts of either one or three positive alternative future-oriented images (rescripting conditions). RESULTS In preliminary analyses, trait worry negatively predicted participants' ratings of worry images, including valence and ability to cope, and positively predicted distress, anticipated cost, and belief in their negative meaning. In experimental analyses, linear mixed-effects models revealed anxious response and cognitive appraisal of the threat were significantly lower among participants allocated to rescripting relative to exposure. There was no effect of rescripting type. CONCLUSIONS This investigation demonstrated the impact of a future-oriented imagery rescripting task on anxiety and cognitive biases associated with real worries in an unselected sample. Results may contribute to the development of imagery rescripting interventions for GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica R Grisham
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Engler K, Avallone F, Cadri A, Lebouché B. Patient-reported outcome measures in adult HIV care: A rapid scoping review of targeted outcomes and instruments used. HIV Med 2024; 25:633-674. [PMID: 38282323 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is international interest in the integration of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into routine HIV care, but little work has synthesized the content of published initiatives. We conducted a rapid scoping review primarily to identify their selected patient-reported outcomes and respective instruments. METHODS Four databases were searched on 4 May 2022 (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsychINFO) for relevant English language documents published from 2005 onwards. Dual review of at least 20% of records, full texts and data extraction was performed. Outcomes and instruments were classified with an adapted 14-domain taxonomy. Instruments with evidence of validation were described. RESULTS Of 13 062 records generated for review, we retained a final sample of 94 documents, referring to 60 distinct initiatives led mostly in the USA (n = 29; 48% of initiatives), Europe (n = 16; 27%) and Africa (n = 9; 15%). The measured patient-reported outcome domains were: mental health (n = 42; 70%), substance use (n = 23; 38%), self-management (n = 16; 27%), symptoms (n = 12; 20%), sexual/reproductive health (n = 12; 20%), physical health (n = 9; 15%), treatment (n= 8; 13%), cognition (n = 7; 12%), quality of life (n = 7; 12%), violence/abuse (n = 6; 10%), stigma (n = 6; 10%), socioeconomic issues (n = 5; 8%), social support (n = 3; 5%) and body/facial appearance (n = 1; 2%). Initiatives measured 2.6 outcome domains, on average (range = 1-11). In total, 62 distinct validated PROMs were identified, with 53 initiatives (88%) employing at least one (M = 2.2). Overwhelmingly, the most used instrument was any version of the Patient Health Questionnaire to measure symptoms of depression, employed by over a third (26; 43%) of initiatives. CONCLUSION Published PROM initiatives in HIV care have spanned 19 countries and disproportionately target mental health and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Engler
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francesco Avallone
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdul Cadri
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Ricke IJ, Spaulding AB, Rajtar NN, Benton EM, Anderson IG, Lundberg L, Mussiel A, Nguyen RHN. Predictors of willingness to receive updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 booster vaccines among a convenience sample in Minnesota. Vaccine 2024; 42:3499-3504. [PMID: 38641495 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine factors associated with intention to receive recommended COVID-19 booster vaccines in 2023-2024. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1,256 individuals at Minnesota State and County fairs was conducted to assess their intention to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine in the coming year if recommended. The association between booster intention and multiple factors believed to influence willingness to receive the vaccine, including perceived vaccine safety, perceived risk of COVID-19, public health knowledge, fear of future pandemics, and political affiliation, were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression and adjusted odds ratios (aOR). RESULTS Intention to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine was high among our participants with 56% reporting they were extremely likely to receive the vaccine this year and another 15% reporting that they were likely to do the same. A strong association with getting a booster vaccine was found between perceived vaccine safety (aOR: 15.3, 95% CI: 10.6-22.2), perceived COVID-19 risk (aOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.4-5.1), pandemic fear (aOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.4-4.8), public health knowledge (aOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9-1.8), and democrat political affiliation (aOR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.8-4.4). CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the importance of perceived vaccine safety as a predictor of intention to accept COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the continued need to effectively communicate with the public about the safety of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Ricke
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - A B Spaulding
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - N N Rajtar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - E M Benton
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - I G Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - L Lundberg
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - A Mussiel
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - R H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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17
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Moreno X, Moreno F. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 among the Chilean population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304623. [PMID: 38820399 PMCID: PMC11142508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PHQ-4 is an ultrabrief screening test for depression and anxiety symptoms. The psychometric properties of this test among the population in Chile are unknown. This study was aimed to determine the factor structure of the PHQ-4 in the adult population in Chile, and to assess its measurement invariance across different groups. METHODS The study considered a nationally representative sample of 10921 people aged 18 and above, in Chile in 2021. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, and configural, metric, scalar, and strict measurement invariance were assessed. RESULTS The two-factor structure of the PHQ-4 supported the two underlying constructs of depression and anxiety. This model explained 67% of the variance and had excellent fit (CFI: 0.9999; TLI: 0.9994; RMSEA: 0.0107; SRMR: 0.0022). Strict measurement invariance held across gender, age, area of residence, household income quintile, immigrant or host population, and indigenous or non-indigenous population (ΔCFI<0.01). CONCLUSION The PHQ-4 can be used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms in population studies, and as a screening test for depression and anxiety in public mental health programs in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Moreno
- Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Moreno
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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18
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D'Hondt S, Gisle L, De Pauw R, Van Cauteren D, Demarest S, Drieskens S, Cornelissen L, De Ridder K, Charafeddine R, Smith P. Anxiety and depression in people with post-COVID condition: a Belgian population-based cohort study three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02655-9. [PMID: 38819519 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most research has focused on the management of the acute symptoms of the disease. Yet some people tend to experience symptoms beyond the acute phase, defined as Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC). This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 and PCC on anxiety and depression. METHODS This is a prospective longitudinal cohort study among the Belgian adult population with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection for which contact tracing was initiated. A total of 3127 people were followed-up just after their infection and three months later (from April 2021 to January 2022). Anxiety and depression were assessed at the two stages using the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) and the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire). RESULTS Three months after infection, participants with PCC (50%) had an increased probability of having both anxiety and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). The proportion with anxiety and depressive symptoms at three months were significantly higher in people with PCC (11% and 19%) compared to people without persistent COVID symptoms (3.8% and 4.2%) and to a matched sub-sample not infected with SARS-CoV-2 (6.5% and 4.3%). Having at least one acute COVID-19 symptom (p < 0.001), experiencing financial loss following the infection (p < 0.001), and different PCC symptoms were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms worsening over time. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that three months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, one in two people suffer from PCC with significant consequences for their mental health. Follow-up on mental health must therefore have an important place in people suffering from PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie D'Hondt
- Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Lydia Gisle
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan Demarest
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Drieskens
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Cornelissen
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin De Ridder
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Hamid A, Williams ACDC, Albakri M, Scior K, Morgan S, Kayal H, Wilcockson M, Drouish Alkaja R, Alsayed S, Logie R, Farrand S, Abdul-Hamid W. Mental health and conflict: a pilot of an online eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention for forcibly displaced Syrian women. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1295033. [PMID: 38873297 PMCID: PMC11173598 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Syrian conflict has been ongoing since 2011. Practical and scalable solutions are urgently needed to meet an increase in need for specialised psychological support for post-traumatic stress disorder given limited availability of clinicians. Training forcibly displaced Syrians with a mental health background to remotely deliver specialised interventions increases the availability of evidence based psychological support. Little is known about the effectiveness of online therapy for forcibly displaced Syrian women provided by forcibly displaced Syrian women therapists. Purpose To pilot an evidence-based trauma therapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), carried out online by trained forcibly displaced Syrian women therapists for forcibly displaced Syrian women who require treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods 83 forcibly displaced Syrian women, living in Türkiye or inside Syria, with diagnosable PTSD, were offered up to 12 sessions of online EMDR over a period of 3 months. This was delivered by forcibly displaced Syrian women therapists who were trained in EMDR. Data were gathered, using Arabic versions, on PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Events Scale Revised, depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety symptoms using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 at baseline, mid-point, and end of therapy. Results PTSD scores, depression scores and anxiety scores all significantly reduced over the course of treatment, with lower scores at midpoint than baseline and lower scores at end of treatment than at midpoint. Only one participant (1%) exceeded the cutoff point for PTSD, and 13 (16%) exceeded the cutoff points for anxiety and depression at the end of treatment. Conclusion In this pilot study up to 12 sessions of online EMDR were associated with reductions in PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Syrian women affected by the Syrian conflict. The training of forcibly displaced Syrian mental health professionals to deliver online therapy is a relatively low cost, scalable, sustainable solution to ensure that those who are affected by the conflict can access specialised support. Further research is needed using a control group to confirm that the observed effects are due to EMDR treatment, as is research with post-treatment follow-up to ascertain that benefits are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Hamid
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda C. de C. Williams
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katrina Scior
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Matthew Wilcockson
- Coventry University and Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rouba Drouish Alkaja
- Trauma Aid UK, Somerset, United Kingdom
- Independent Psychologist, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Sahbaa Alsayed
- Trauma Aid UK, Somerset, United Kingdom
- Independent Psychologist, Gaziantep, Türkiye
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Norful AA, Albloushi M, Zhao J, Gao Y, Castro J, Palaganas E, Magsingit NS, Molo J, Alenazy BA, Rivera R. Modifiable work stress factors and psychological health risk among nurses working within 13 countries. J Nurs Scholarsh 2024. [PMID: 38816945 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nurses are identified as having higher work stress and poor mental health risk among health care workforce globally. It remains unclear which modifiable stress factors pose the greatest risk for poor psychological health among nursing workforce and needed to inform targeted practice and policy change. To determine which occupation-related or personal stress factors precipitate higher risk for burnout, depression, anxiety, job satisfaction or intention to leave one's position among nurses globally. DESIGN A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered via email using a snowball recruitment strategy. METHODS Academic researchers and clinical industry leaders across 3 global regions collaborated to generate an email listserv of professional nursing contacts for survey distribution. The survey included valid and reliable measures to scale stress factors (Work Stress Questionnaire), and screen for burnout (single item), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2), resilience (Brief Resilience Scale) and intention to leave one's job (single item). We used logistic regression, first unadjusted and then adjusted for personal and professional characteristics, to determine associations between stress factors and psychological health risk. RESULTS The final sample consisted of responses from 2864 nurses working across 13 countries. Most respondents reported working as a clinical nurse in the Philippines (n = 2275), United States (n = 424) and Saudi Arabia (n = 104). One third of nursing respondents endorsed high burnout and intention to leave their job. Those reporting work conflict had significantly higher odds of burnout (odds ratio 3.18; 95% CI 2.22-4.54) and three times more likely to screen positive for depression (odds ratio 3.02; 95% CI 1.36-6.72) and anxiety (odds ratio 2.92; 95% CI 1.57-5.43). Those endorsing difficulty sleeping were 15 times more likely to screen positive for depression (odds ratio 15.63; 95% CI 2.09-117.06). Lack of social support was significantly associated to higher risk for burnout, job dissatisfaction, depression, anxiety, and intention to leave one's position. CONCLUSIONS Nurses remain at risk for burnout and poor psychological health stemming from work stress. Factors such as clear workplace goals and assignments, increased engagement, good sleep health and social support may serve as protective factors against suboptimal psychological health, and in-turn poor workforce retention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses reporting conflict in the workplace are three times more likely to screen positive for burnout, depression, and anxiety. Nurses reporting difficulty sleeping are 15 times more likely to screen positive for depression. Several modifiable factors can be targeted to reduce poor psychological health and high workforce turnover among nurses across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiawen Zhao
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuandi Gao
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janelle Castro
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Jocelyn Molo
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
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21
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Mian MN, Sarovar V, Levine T, Lea A, Leibowitz A, Luu M, Flamm J, Hare CB, Horberg M, Young-Wolff K, Phillips K, Silverberg M, Satre D. Substance use and mental health factors associated with self-reported higher risk cannabis use among people with HIV screened in primary care. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4415444. [PMID: 38853848 PMCID: PMC11160885 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4415444/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background While cannabis use is prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), factors associated with higher-risk use require further study. We examined factors associated with indicators risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD) among PWH who used cannabis. Methods Participants included adult (≥ 18 years old) PWH from 3 HIV primary care clinics in Kaiser Permanente Northern California who reported past three-month cannabis use through the computerized Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication, and other Substance use (TAPS) screening. Primary outcome was TAPS cannabis score (range 1-3), categorized as any use (1) and higher risk for CUD (≥ 2). Measures included sociodemographics (age, sex, race, neighborhood deprivation index [NDI]), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), HIV RNA, CD4 cell counts, higher risk tobacco use (TAPS tobacco score ≥ 2), depression, and anxiety symptoms. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with higher risk for CUD. Results Of the complete sample ( N = 978; 94.1% Male; 58.3% White; Age Mode =51-60), 35.8% reported higher risk for CUD. Unadjusted models indicated younger age, Black race, higher CCI, depression, anxiety, and higher risk tobacco use were associated with higher risk, while only Black race (OR = 1.84, 95% CI[1.29, 2.63]), anxiety (OR = 1.91, 95% CI[1.22, 2.98]), and higher risk tobacco use (OR = 2.27, 95% CI[1.47, 3.51]) remained significant in the multivariable model. Conclusions Black race, anxiety and tobacco use, but not HIV clinical markers, were associated with higher risk for CUD among PWH. Clinical efforts to screen and provide interventions for preventing CUD alongside anxiety and tobacco use among PWH should be evaluated.
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Schwesig R, Macht K, Heidenreich T, Vetter A, Hoyer J. Women's Safety Behaviors before and during Sexual Activity: Psychometric Properties of Its Self-Report Questionnaire in German Women. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38807418 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2024.2357129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sexual safety behaviors (SSB) may constitute a relevant factor for the development and maintenance of sexual dysfunctions. The present study aims to improve the understanding of SSB in women. A total of N = 923 women completed an online survey consisting of the Questionnaire on Behaviors Before and During Sexual Activities, a measure of SSB, and a set of other questionnaires that assessed sexual dysfunctions, anxiety, depression, and other clinically relevant variables. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the QBSA revealed a robust three-factor solution with 1) cognitive and behavioral avoidance, 2) use of lubricants, and 3) thought and body control. While some SSB were generally common in women, others discriminated well between women with sexual dysfunctions, women with sexual problems, and women without impairment. SSB was significantly negatively associated with women's level of sexual functioning and positively with repetitive and negative thought processes, depression, and anxiety. Overall, the concept of SSB can be reliably measured and SSBs correlate meaningfully with variables measuring women's mental health. We argue that the concept of SSB should be further developed as it can enrich present sexual therapeutic treatment approaches, especially in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schwesig
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klara Macht
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heidenreich
- Faculty Social Work, Education and Nursing Sciences, Esslingen University, Esslingen, Germany
| | - Anna Vetter
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hoyer
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Li L, Kang J, Nguyen B, Ho M, Li AT, Shih JJ, Kotwal A, Yeh J, Karliner L, Jeung R, Smith A. "Hate has chipped away at my sense of security": A survey study of the impacts of anti-Asian hate on the health of older Asians. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024. [PMID: 38801317 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.19016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, older Asians have experienced a rise in racism and discrimination based on their race and ethnicity. This study examines how anti-Asian hate impacts older Asians' mental, social, and physical health. METHODS From March 18, 2022 to January 24, 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional survey study of community-dwelling Asian/Asian American adults aged ≥50 years from the San Francisco Bay Area. Measures included perceptions of anti-Asian hate; direct encounters with hate incidents; indirect experiences with hate incidents (e.g. knowing a friend who was a victim); reports of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and changes in daily activities; ways to address these issues; and discussions with clinicians about hate incidents. RESULTS Of the 293 older Asians, 158 (54%) were Vietnamese and 97 (33%) Chinese. Eighty-five (29%) participants were direct victims of anti-Asian hate, 112 (38%) reported anxiety, 105 (36%) reported depression, 161 (55%) reported loneliness, and 142 (48%) reported decreased daily activities. Compared with those who were "not-at-all" to "moderately" worried about hate incidents, participants who were "very" to "extremely" worried experienced heightened anxiety (42% versus 16%), loneliness (30% versus 14%), and changes in daily activities (66% versus 31%), p < 0.01 for all. Most participants (72%) felt comfortable discussing hate incidents with clinicians; however, only 31 (11%) reported that a clinician had talked with them about these incidents. CONCLUSION Both directly and indirectly, anti-Asian hate negatively impacts older Asians' mental, social, and physical health. Clinicians have a role in addressing the health impacts of anti-Asian hate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsheng Li
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Kang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maxwell Ho
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew T Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan J Shih
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ashwin Kotwal
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care Service Line, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jarmin Yeh
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leah Karliner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell Jeung
- Asian American Studies, College of Ethnic Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
- Stop AAPI Hate Coalition (https://stopaapihate.org/)
| | - Alexander Smith
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care Service Line, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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24
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Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Liu L. Self-injury functions mediate the association between anxiety and self-injury frequency among depressed Chinese adolescents: sex differences. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1378492. [PMID: 38855642 PMCID: PMC11158617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1378492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a common clinical problem that severely threatens the mental and physical health of Chinese adolescents. This study explores the mediation effects of NSSI functions on the relationship between anxiety and NSSI frequency among depressed Chinese adolescents as well as the sex differences in the mediating effects. Methods In this study, a cross-sectional survey method was used to obtain data of 1773 adolescent patients with major depressive disorders from over 20 specialized psychiatric hospitals across multiple provinces in China. A self-designed questionnaire for demographic information, the Chinese version of Functional Assessment of Self- Mutilation (C-FASM), and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were employed to investigate demographic data, NSSI frequency, NSSI functions, and anxiety and to analyze the mediating effects of NSSI functions on the association between anxiety and NSSI frequency among adolescents of different sexes. Results A total of 316 male patients and 1457 female patients were investigated. Female patients had a higher NSSI frequency (Z=3.195, P=0.001) and higher anxiety scores than did male patients (Z=2.714, P=0.007). Anxiety had a stronger positive predictive effect on the NSSI frequency in females (OR = 1.090) than in males (OR = 1.064). For male patients, the emotion regulation function in NSSI motivation played a full mediating role in the association between anxiety and NSSI frequency. For female patients, the emotion regulation and social avoidance functions in NSSI functions played a partial mediating role between anxiety and NSSI frequency. Conclusions There are sex differences in the mediating role of NSSI functions of depressed adolescents in the association between anxiety and NSSI frequency. When experiencing anxiety, both males and females may engage in NSSI behaviors as a means to regulate their emotions. For females, anxiety can directly predict NSSI frequency, and they may attempt NSSI to achieve the purpose of rejecting others. In the face of anxiety among depressed adolescents of different sexes, developing different emotional regulation methods and behavioral regulation strategies may be critical in preventing their NSSI behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Fakes K, Waller A, Carey M, Czerenkowski J, Nolan E, Leigh L, Pollack M, Henskens F, Sanson-Fisher R. Discharge intervention to improve outcomes and web-based portal engagement after stroke and transient ischaemic attack: A randomised controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107771. [PMID: 38788985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Web-based interventions may assist in post-discharge stroke care. However, strategies for maximising uptake and engagement are needed. AIMS To determine the: (1) effectiveness of a discharge support intervention (EnableMe web-based portal and strategies to encourage use) in improving quality of life and reducing depression (primary outcome); anxiety and unmet needs of survivors of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA); and (2) EnableMe use and acceptability. MATERIALS AND METHODS An open, parallel-group, multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the intervention compared to usual care for survivors of stroke/TIA and their support persons. Participants recruited from eight hospitals completed questionnaires at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Outcomes included quality of life, depression, anxiety and unmet needs. RESULTS 98 survivors (n=52 intervention, n=47 control) and 30 support persons (n=11 intervention, n=19 control) enrolled in the RCT. Bayesian analyses showed substantial evidence of an intervention effect on survivors' quality of life scores at 3 months. There was moderate-to-strong evidence of a treatment effect on depression scores and strong evidence that intervention participants had fewer unmet needs at 3 and 6 months. 45 % of intervention group survivors and 63 % of support persons self-reported using EnableMe. 64 % of survivors and 84 % of support persons found it helpful. CONCLUSION Substantial evidence for the discharge support intervention was found, with a difference between groups in survivor quality of life, depression, and unmet needs. Acceptability was demonstrated with largely positive attitudes towards EnableMe. Future research should explore different engagement strategies to improve uptake of online stroke resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Fakes
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Amy Waller
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Mariko Carey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; Centre for Women's Health Research, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Erin Nolan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; HMRI Data Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; HMRI Data Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Michael Pollack
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Frans Henskens
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Rob Sanson-Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Caminiti M, Mercogliano M, Cussotto F, Briganti GL, Genovese D, Priano W, Ricciotti GM, Bonaccorso N, Grassi F, Antonelli A, Girolametto G, Spatari G, Gianfredi V, Mariniello A, Marisei M, Minutolo G, Ancona A, De Nicolò V, Berselli N, Gallinoro V, Cosma C, Piunno G, Montagna V, Catalini A. Study Protocol for the Residents' Mental Health Investigation, a Dynamic Longitudinal Study in Italy (ReMInDIt). Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1020. [PMID: 38786430 PMCID: PMC11121525 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical residents constitute a vulnerable population susceptible to mental health disorders. In Italy, this was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when medical residents served on the front line and provided significant support to healthcare services. Therefore, the working group on "Public Mental Health" of the Medical Residents' Council of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health (S.It.I.) designed the "Residents' mental health investigation, a dynamic longitudinal study in Italy" (ReMInDIt). This longitudinal study aims to assess the mental status of medical residents and to explore potential cause-effect relationships between risk/protective factors (identified among sociodemographic, residency program, and lifestyle characteristics) and mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms). Data will be collected from a study population of 3615 residents enrolled in Italian residency programs in public health, occupational medicine, and forensic medicine through an online questionnaire that includes validated tools, requires 10 min for completion, and is disseminated by the residents' Councils. It will be followed by a follow-up administration after 12 months. The ReMInDIt study will play a significant role in generating evidence crucial for enhancing mental health services and promoting protective factors for the mental well-being of this important segment of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Caminiti
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | | | - Federico Cussotto
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Leonardo Briganti
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Dario Genovese
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (W.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Walter Priano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (W.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Giorgia Maria Ricciotti
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Nicole Bonaccorso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (W.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Fabiano Grassi
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P. A. Moro 5, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Antonio Antonelli
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Gloria Girolametto
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Gloria Spatari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Mariagrazia Marisei
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppa Minutolo
- Food Hygiene, Nutritional Surveillance and Prevention, Department of Prevention, Provincial Healthcare Authority of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Angela Ancona
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentina De Nicolò
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P. A. Moro 5, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Nausicaa Berselli
- Public Hygiene Service, Public Health Department, Local Health Authority of Modena, 41123 Modena, Italy;
| | - Veronica Gallinoro
- Medical Specialization School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Cosma
- Medical Specialization School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Gaia Piunno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Catalini
- UOC Igiene degli Alimenti e Nutrizione, Dipartimento di Prevenzione, AST Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
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Bisby MA, Correa AB, Trujillo R, Dudeney J, Dear BF. Sudden gains in depression and anxiety during an online pain management programme for chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2024. [PMID: 38736167 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Pain management programms, delivered face-to-face or via the internet, can effectively help adults manage the impacts of chronic pain. Sudden gains are defined as substantial, rapid, and lasting symptom reductions that occur between consecutive treatment sessions and have been associated with better treatment outcomes in non-pain samples. This study examined whether adults with chronic pain report sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms during an 8-week online pain management programme, and whether sudden gains were associated with better treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety. Dominant theories of sudden gains argue that therapists are required for sudden gains to be maintained and improve treatment outcomes. METHODS Using data from a published randomized controlled trial (n = 338), sudden gains and treatment outcomes were compared across three levels of therapist guidance provided alongside the programme: weekly, optional, and self-guided. RESULTS Similar rates of sudden gains were observed in depression (22%) and anxiety (24%) across the treatment period, and most sudden gains occurred between Weeks 1 and 2 of treatment. Therapist guidance was not associated with sudden gains; higher baseline symptom severity emerged as the only consistent predictor of sudden gain status. No significant differences in treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety symptoms between sudden gainers and non-gainers were observed across therapist guidance conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support an association between sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms and better post-treatment outcomes, at least for adults with chronic pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sudden gains in depression and anxiety symptoms were not associated with improved treatment outcomes for adults with chronic pain who participated in an online pain management programme, regardless of the level of therapist guidance provided. These findings suggest possible differences in symptom change in chronic pain samples compared to general population samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyne A Bisby
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashleigh B Correa
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Trujillo
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Dudeney
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Blake F Dear
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Hlynsson JI, Carlbring P. Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the PHQ-2 and GAD-2: a comparison with long-format measures for depression and anxiety. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1259997. [PMID: 38800678 PMCID: PMC11123884 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1259997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and often comorbid mental disorders that are encompassed within the broad category of emotional disorders. The frequent comorbidity of anxiety and depression can pose challenges for accurate diagnosis and treatment which, in turn, highlights the need for reliable measurements that are simultaneously responsive to change and prevent non-response bias. Brief measures of anxiety and depression can potentially increase response rates due to their brevity and ease of administration. This study evaluates the psychometric characteristics, discriminative accuracy, and sensitivity to change of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item scale (PHQ-2) within a clinical population. Method The sample comprised treatment-seeking participants (n = 3,411), screened (n = 2,477) to receive an internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention (cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, or waitlist). Results Brief measures can effectively detect individuals who may be eligible for a diagnosis of depression and anxiety, not only prior to but also during and following the completion of psychological treatment. The discriminative ability of the GAD-2 was significantly greater during active treatment and at post-assessment compared with pre-treatment screening, although no such differences were found for the PHQ-2. Finally, endorsing the most severe response option on the GAD-2 and PHQ-2 was associated with a high probability of presenting with clinically relevant anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion Brief measures of anxiety and depression are viable instruments to screen for and monitor anxiety and depressive symptoms. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05016843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jón Ingi Hlynsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Carlbring
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Kong L, Wang X, Yang Z, Tang Y, Wang Z, Ma Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Gu J. Trends in Intention to Take the Second Booster COVID-19 Vaccination and Associated Factors in China: Serial Cross-Sectional Surveys. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:502. [PMID: 38793753 PMCID: PMC11126054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating complexity of the COVID-19 epidemic underscores the need for heightened attention to booster vaccinations. This study aims to examine the changing trend in the public's intention to receive the second COVID-19 booster vaccination over time and the associated factors following the COVID-19 policy optimization in China. METHOD Eight cross-sectional surveys utilizing SMS questionnaire links were conducted in Guangzhou, China, from December 2022 to April 2023. The Mann-Kendall test was employed to analyze the trend in intentions to receive the second booster vaccination across the survey time. Adjusted and multivariate logistic analyses were used to analyze the factors associated with vaccination intention. Parallel analyses were performed for two subgroups with different COVID-19 infection statuses. RESULTS A total of 9860 respondents were surveyed in the eight rounds, of which 8048 completed the first booster vaccination and were included in the analysis. The overall COVID-19 infection rate was 60.0% (4832/8048), while the overall vaccination intention was 72.2% (5810/8048) among respondents. The vaccination intention exhibited a significant declining trend over time, decreasing from 81.5% in December 2022 to 52.2% in April 2023. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety and depression were negatively associated with an intention to receive the second booster vaccination, while COVID-19-related preventive behaviors and a high engagement in COVID-19-related information were positively associated with an intention to receive the second booster vaccination. A subgroup analysis revealed that the association between psychological and behavioral characteristics and vaccination intention remained relatively stable among individuals with different histories of COVID-19 infections. CONCLUSION There was a significant decline in the intention to receive the second booster vaccination following the optimization of the COVID policy in China. Our findings emphasize the urgency of the second booster vaccination and provide a foundation for the development of tailored interventions to enhance and sustain vaccination intention among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (L.K.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Y.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (L.K.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Y.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (L.K.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Y.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Yihan Tang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (L.K.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Y.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China (Y.M.)
| | - Yu Ma
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China (Y.M.)
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (L.K.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Y.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhoubin Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China (Y.M.)
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (L.K.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Y.T.); (J.L.)
- Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Informatics of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Hallford DJ, Seydavi M, Akbari M. The Perceived Functions and Phenomenological Characteristics of Future Thinking and Clinically Significant Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2978. [PMID: 38706135 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Current research indicates that anxiety disorders and elevated levels of trait anxiety are associated with biases and impairments when thinking of personally relevant future events, that is, future thinking. However, to date, little research has been conducted into how people with symptoms of clinical anxiety perceive the functions of future thinking. The current study presents a cross-sectional survey comparing individuals with elevated symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and related functional impact (N = 51, 43.1% female, Mage = 33.1, SD = 10.2) matched on age and gender with individuals with no clinically significant symptoms of GAD (N = 51, 43.1% female, Mage = 33.3, SD = 10.1) on self-reported functions of future thinking and a battery of items assessing the phenomenological characteristics. The results indicated various significant differences in the perceived functions of future thinking and its phenomenological characteristics in those with elevated GAD symptoms. Broadly, they indicate more frequent future thinking and more commonly for self-distraction or processing negatively valenced future events, and generally less adaptive mental representations that support current thinking on the psychopathological process of increased worry, anxious arousal and maladaptive cognition in clinical anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad Seydavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Song H, Zhao Y, Hu C, Zhao C, Wang X, Xiao Z. Relationships among anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in adult epilepsy: A network analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109748. [PMID: 38640553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy (PWE) are common and frequently under-treated, thus, causing poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, little is known regarding the interconnections between anxious/depressive symptoms and the dimensions of HRQoL. Therefore, we conducted a network analysis to explore these relationships in detail among Chinese adult PWE. METHODS A cohort of adult PWE was consecutively recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. HRQoL, depression, and anxiety were measured with Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31, Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, respectively. A regularized partial correlation network was constructed to investigate the interconnections between symptoms of anxiety/depression and the dimensions of HRQoL. We calculated expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI) values to identify the most influential nodes. RESULTS A total of 396 PWE were enrolled in this study, 78.1% of whom had focal onset epilepsy. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.3% and 28.8%, respectively. The symptoms "frustrated" and "uncontrollable worry" had the highest EI values, whereas "emotional well-being", "seizure worry", "difficulty finding pleasure", and "nervousness or anxiety" had the highest BEI values. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the relationships among anxiety, depression, and HRQoL. Critical central symptoms and bridge symptoms identified in the network might help to quickly identify PWE comorbid anxiety and depression in busy outpatient settings, thereby enabling early intervention and enhancing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Nanchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Stalker G, Tudas R, Garg A, Graham L, Thurman AL, Wiblin RT, Hamzeh N, Blount RJ, Villacreses R, Zabner J, Comellas A, Cho JL, Pezzulo A. Long-COVID improves in 50% of patients after a year in a Midwestern cohort. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.30.24306497. [PMID: 38746213 PMCID: PMC11092724 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.24306497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Many of those infected with COVID-19 experience long-term disability due to persistent symptoms known as Long-COVID, which include ongoing respiratory issues, loss of taste and smell, and impaired daily functioning. Research Question This study aims to better understand the chronology of long-COVID symptoms. Study Design and Methods We prospectively enrolled 403 adults from the University of Iowa long-COVID clinic (June 2020 to February 2022). Participants provided symptom data during acute illness, symptom progression, and other clinical characteristics. Patients in this registry received a survey containing questions including current symptoms and status since long-COVID diagnosis (sliding status scale, PHQ2, GAD2, MMRC). Those >12 months since acute-COVID diagnosis had chart review done to track their symptomology. Results Of 403 participants contacted, 129 (32%) responded. The mean age (in years) was 50.17 +/-14.28, with 31.8% male and 68.2% female. Severity of acute covid treatment was stratified by treatment in the outpatient (70.5%), inpatient (16.3%), or ICU (13.2%) settings. 51.2% reported subjective improvement (sliding scale scores of 67-100) since long-COVID onset. Ages 18-29 reported significantly higher subjective status scores. Subjective status scores were unaffected by severity. 102 respondents were >12 months from their initial COVID-19 diagnosis and were tracked for longitudinal symptom persistence. All symptoms tracked had variance (mean fraction 0.58, range 0.34-0.75) in the reported symptoms at the time of long-COVID presentation when compared with patient survey report. 48 reported persistent dyspnea, 23 (48%) had resolved it at time of survey. For fatigue, 44 had persistence, 12 (27%) resolved. Interpretation Overall, 51.2% respondents improved since their long-COVID began. Pulmonary symptoms were more persistent than neuromuscular symptoms (anosmia, dysgeusia, myalgias). Gender, time since acute COVID infection, and its severity didn't affect subjective status or symptoms. This study highlights recall bias that may be prevalent in other long-COVID research reliant on participant memory.
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Chase E, Calhoun BH, Khosropour CM, Lee CM, Rhew IC. Trajectories of financial distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with mental health and substance use outcomes in a cohort of young adults. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:442-459. [PMID: 37821092 PMCID: PMC11006823 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented life disruptions among young adults, including increased job insecurity and financial strain. Mental health problems and substance use have also increased during the pandemic, with young adults particularly vulnerable to experiencing these challenges. This study examines trajectories of financial distress among young adults during the pandemic and their associations with depression, anxiety, and hazardous alcohol and cannabis use. Data from 473 young adults (ages 22-29) recruited in the Northwest United States were collected from April/May 2020 to July/August 2021. Financial distress trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling. Negative binomial models were used to examine associations between financial distress trajectories and distal outcomes of depression, anxiety, alcohol, and cannabis use. Three distinct trajectories were identified, revealing Low, Moderate, and High financial distress experiences. Individuals with "Moderate" and "High" trajectories showed significantly greater depressive and anxiety symptom scores compared with those in the "Low" financial distress trajectory group. Trajectories were not associated with subsequent levels of alcohol or cannabis use. Young adult mental health remains a priority during periods of economic downturn. Providers must be aware of the psychological challenges imposed by financial distress among young adults to address worsening mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Chase
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15 Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brian H. Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health Risk and Behaviors, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine M. Khosropour
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15 Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health Risk and Behaviors, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Isaac C. Rhew
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15 Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health Risk and Behaviors, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Mensah FK, Glover K, Leane C, Gartland D, Nikolof A, Clark Y, Gee G, Brown SJ. Understanding cannabis use and mental health difficulties in context with women's experiences of stressful events and social health issues in pregnancy: The Aboriginal Families Study. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 131:152455. [PMID: 38340534 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few population-based data sources fully recognise the intersections between stressful events, social health issues, and cannabis use in pregnancy, and little is known about sequelae for women's mental health. METHODS We draw on two waves of population-based data for 344 families participating in the Aboriginal Families Study longitudinal cohort. We examine women's mental health in the first year postpartum and when children were aged 5-9 years in context with life experiences and use of cannabis in pregnancy. OUTCOMES One in five women (19·5%) used cannabis during pregnancy (with or without co-use of tobacco). Within this group of women, 88·3% experienced 3 or more (3+) stressful events or social health issues. Psychological distress (Kessler-5 scale, K-5) in the year postpartum was substantially higher amongst women who had used cannabis or experienced 3+ stressful events or social health issues. High proportions of women met criteria for support and referral for depression and/or anxiety (52·5% of women who had used cannabis compared to 20·9% amongst women who had neither used cannabis nor tobacco; 43·2% of women who had experienced 3+ stressful events or social health issues compared to 15·6% amongst women who had not indicated these experiences). Similar patterns of psychological distress, depressive (9-item adapted Personal Health Questionnaire, aPHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder score, GAD-7) were evident when the study children were aged 5-9 years. INTERPRETATION Amongst women who had used cannabis in pregnancy, a high burden of psychological distress, depression, and anxiety is evident in the postpartum period and as their children turn 5-9 years. The overlay of stressful events and social health issues and the high proportion of women meeting criteria for referral for mental health assessment and support indicate an urgent need to offer women opportunities for safe disclosure of cannabis use and opportunities to access sustained holistic services. Reducing the harms of cannabis use on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families must be coupled with culturally safe ways of addressing the social, historical, and structural determinants of mental health distress and harmful use of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona K Mensah
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karen Glover
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Leane
- Women's and Children's Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deirdre Gartland
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arwen Nikolof
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yvonne Clark
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graham Gee
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Brown
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Saintila J, Oblitas-Guerrero SM, Larrain-Tavara G, Lizarraga-De-Maguiña IG, Bernal-Corrales FDC, López-López E, Calizaya-Milla YE, Serpa-Barrientos A, Ramos-Vera C. Associations between social network addiction, anxiety symptoms, and risk of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adolescents-a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1261133. [PMID: 38751589 PMCID: PMC11094343 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1261133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population. Objective This study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022. A total of 903 participants were included in the study using a non-probability convenience sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with MetS in a cross-sectional analysis. Results Males were more likely to have MetS than females (OR = 1.133, p = 0.028). Participants who were 16 years of age or older and those with excess body weight were 2.166, p = 0.013 and 19.414, p < 0.001 times more likely to have MetS, respectively. Additionally, SNA (OR = 1.517, p = 0.016) and the presence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.596, p < 0.001) were associated with MetS. Conclusion Our findings suggest associations between SNA, anxiety symptoms, and MetS among youth. However, more studies are needed to better understand this association and to deepen the possible clinical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elmer López-López
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
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Brotto LA, Walker L, Sears C, Woo S, Millman R, Zdaniuk B. A randomized comparison of online mindfulness-based group sex therapy vs supportive group sex education to address sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors. J Sex Med 2024; 21:452-463. [PMID: 38465848 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual difficulties and vaginal pain are common following treatment for breast cancer. AIM The goal of this study was to evaluate an online mindfulness-based group sex therapy vs an online supportive sex education group therapy to address these sexual difficulties. METHODS Breast cancer survivors (n = 118) were randomized to 1 of the 2 arms; 116 provided informed consent and completed the time 1 assessment. Treatment included 8 weekly 2-hour online group sessions. Those randomized to the mindfulness group completed daily mindfulness exercises, and those in the comparison arm read and completed exercises pertaining to sex education. OUTCOMES Assessments were repeated at posttreatment and 6 months after the completion of the group. RESULTS There was a main effect of treatment on primary endpoints of sexual desire, sexual distress, and vaginal pain, with all outcomes showing significant improvements, with no differential impact by treatment arm. Secondary endpoints of interoceptive awareness, mindfulness, and rumination about sex also significantly improved with both treatments, with no group-by-time interaction. CONCLUSION Both mindfulness-based sex therapy and supportive sex education delivered in group format online are effective for improving many facets of sexual function, vaginal pain, rumination, mindfulness, and interoceptive awareness in breast cancer survivors. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS We used a randomized methodology. Future studies should seek to diversify participants. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the need to offer similar treatments to more breast cancer survivors immediately after and in the years following cancer treatment as a means of improving survivorship quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Brotto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Lauren Walker
- Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Carly Sears
- Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shannon Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Roanne Millman
- Private Practice, West Coast Centre for Sex Therapy , Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3H4, Canada
| | - Bozena Zdaniuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Harnik MA, Scheidegger A, Blättler L, Nemecek Z, Sauter TC, Limacher A, Reisig F, Grosse Holtforth M, Streitberger K. Acceptance, Satisfaction, and Preference With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021-2022: Survey Among Patients With Chronic Pain. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53154. [PMID: 38684086 PMCID: PMC11060324 DOI: 10.2196/53154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many health care providers to make changes in their treatment, with telemedicine being expanded on a large scale. An earlier study investigated the acceptance of telephone calls but did not record satisfaction with treatment or patients' preferences. This warranted a follow-up study to investigate acceptance, satisfaction, and preferences regarding telemedicine, comprising of phone consultations, among health care recipients. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to assess the acceptance and satisfaction of telemedicine during the subsequent months of 2021-2022, after the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Furthermore, we aimed to assess patients' preferences and whether these differed in patients who had already experienced telemedicine in the past, as well as correlations between acceptance and satisfaction, pain intensity, general condition, perception of telemedicine, and catastrophizing. Finally, we aimed to investigate whether more governmental restrictions were correlated with higher acceptance. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between January 27, 2021, and February 4, 2022, enrolling patients undergoing outpatient pain therapy in a tertiary university clinic. We conducted a descriptive analysis of acceptance and satisfaction with telemedicine and investigated patients' preferences. Further, we conducted a descriptive and correlational analysis of the COVID-19 stringency index. Spearman correlation analysis and a chi-square test for categorical data were used with Cramer V statistic to assess effect sizes. RESULTS Our survey was completed by 60 patients. Telemedicine acceptance and satisfaction were high, with an average score of 7.6 (SD 3.3; on an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale from 0=not at all to 10=completely), and 8.8 (SD 1.8), respectively. Respondents generally preferred on-site consultations to telemedicine (n=35, 58% vs n=24, 40%). A subgroup analysis revealed that respondents who already had received phone consultation, showed a higher preference for telemedicine (n/N=21/42, 50% vs n/N=3/18, 17%; χ22 [N=60]=7.5, P=.02, Cramer V=0.354), as well as those who had been treated for more than 3 months (n/N=17/31, 55% vs n/N=7/29, 24%; χ22 [N=60]=6.5, P=.04, Cramer V=0.329). Acceptance of telemedicine showed a moderate positive correlation with satisfaction (rs{58}=0.41, P<.05), but there were no correlations between the COVID-19 stringency index and the other variables. CONCLUSIONS Despite high acceptance of and satisfaction with telemedicine, patients preferred on-site consultations. Preference for telemedicine was markedly higher in patients who had already received phone consultations or had been treated for longer than 3 months. This highlights the need to convey knowledge of eHealth services to patients and the value of building meaningful relationships with patients at the beginning of treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the modality of patient care should be discussed individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Alexander Harnik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina Scheidegger
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Blättler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zdenek Nemecek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Sauter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Emergency Telemedicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Limacher
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Reisig
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Streitberger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Marchetti M, Ceccarelli C, Muneghina O, Stockner M, Lai C, Mazzoni G. Enhancing mental health and well-being in adults from lower-resource settings: A mixed-method evaluation of the impact of problem management plus. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e56. [PMID: 38751726 PMCID: PMC11094550 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental health conditions, recognised as a global crisis, were further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to mental health services remains limited, particularly in low-income regions. Task-sharing interventions, exemplified by Problem Management Plus (PM+), have emerged as potential solutions to bridge this treatment gap. This study presents an evaluation of the PM+ scale-up in Sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia and Benin) and Eastern Europe (Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) as part of a mental health and psychosocial support programming including 87 adult participants. A mixed-method approach assesses the impact of the intervention. Quantitative analyses reveal significant reductions in self-reported problems, depression, anxiety and improved functioning. Qualitative data highlight four main themes: general health, family relationships, psychosocial problems and daily activities. These thematic areas demonstrate consistent improvements across clients, irrespective of the region. The findings underscore the impact of PM+ in addressing a broad spectrum of client issues, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for mitigating mental health challenges in diverse settings. This study contributes to the burgeoning body of evidence supporting PM+ and highlights its promise in enhancing mental health outcomes on a global scale, particularly for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Marchetti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ceccarelli
- SOS Children’s Villages Italy, Global Expert Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (GPEG in MHPSS), Milan, Italy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orso Muneghina
- SOS Children’s Villages Italy, Global Expert Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (GPEG in MHPSS), Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Stockner
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mazzoni
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li R, Rong F, Yu W, Zhang Z, Wan Y. Effects of social-ecological risk factors and resilience on the relationship between metabolic metrics and mental health among young adults. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115909. [PMID: 38703563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The correlation between metabolic metrics and mental health remains underexplored, with few in-depth studies examining whether this association exists among college students and whether it might be moderated by socio-ecological risk factors (SERFs) and mediated by resilience. A follow-up study design investigated the association between baseline metabolic metrics, SERFs and resilience and mental health. A multivariable linear regression model using the PROCESS method established the relationship of SERFs, resilience and metabolic metrics with mental health. Participants were 794 adolescents (mean age: 18.64 [±0.90] years). In multivariable linear regression, the high-level SERFs (β = 0.124), resilience (β = -0.042), LCI (β = 0.072), and RFM (β = 0.145) were associated with higher depression symptoms, while CVH (β = 0.602), TyG (β = 0.295), TyG-BMI (β = 0.004), and RC (β = -0.041) were not. An association was also observed between SERFs, resilience, RFM and anxiety. Resilience mediated the relationship between metabolic metrics and depression and anxiety, and SERFs moderated this relationship, demonstrating the relationship between resilience, metabolic metrics, SERFs and mental health. By revealing the potential sociological mechanism underlying the relationship between metabolic metrics and adolescents' mental health, this study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the biological foundations of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Rong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhisu Zhang
- General Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group, Huainan 232063, China.
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Gonçalves Pacheco JP, Kieling C, Manfro PH, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H, Oliveira IO, Wehrmeister FC, Rohde LA, Hoffmann MS. How much or how often? Examining the screening properties of the DSM cross-cutting symptom measure in a youth population-based sample. Psychol Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38639338 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DSM Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-XC) allows for assessing multiple psychopathological domains. However, its capability to screen for mental disorders in a population-based sample and the impact of adverbial framings (intensity and frequency) on its performance are unknown. METHODS The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort in Brazil. Participants with completed DSM-XC and structured diagnostic interviews (n = 3578, aged 22, 53.6% females) were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (LR+), and negative (LR-) likelihood ratios for each of the 13 DSM-XC domains were estimated for detecting five internalizing disorders (bipolar, generalized anxiety, major depressive, post-traumatic stress, and social anxiety disorders) and three externalizing disorders (antisocial personality, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and alcohol use disorders). Sensitivities and specificities >0.75, LR+ > 2 and LR- < 0.5 were considered meaningful. Values were calculated for the DSM-XC's original scoring and for adverbial framings. RESULTS Several DSM-XC domains demonstrated meaningful screening properties. The anxiety domain exhibited acceptable sensitivity and LR- values for all internalizing disorders. The suicidal ideation, psychosis, memory, repetitive thoughts and behaviors, and dissociation domains displayed acceptable specificity for all disorders. Domains also yielded small but meaningful LR+ values for internalizing disorders. However, LR+ and LR- values were not generally meaningful for externalizing disorders. Frequency-framed questions improved screening properties. CONCLUSIONS The DSM-XC domains showed transdiagnostic screening properties, providing small but meaningful changes in the likelihood of internalizing disorders in the community, which can be improved by asking frequency of symptoms compared to intensity. The DSM-XC is currently lacking meaningful domains for externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Gonçalves Pacheco
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Mental Health Epidemiology Group, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Manfro
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana M B Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel O Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- UniEduK, Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Mental Health Epidemiology Group, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Manafe N, Ismael-Mulungo H, Ponda F, Dos Santos PF, Mandlate F, Cumbe VFJ, Mocumbi AO, Oliveira Martins MR. Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among internally displaced people by armed conflict in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: a cross-sectional community-based study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1371598. [PMID: 38689772 PMCID: PMC11058794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1371598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Humanitarian emergencies are a major global health challenge with the potential to have a profound impact on people's mental and psychological health. Displacement is a traumatic event that disrupts families and affects physical and psychological health at all ages. A person may endure or witness a traumatic incident, such as being exposed to war, and, as a result, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a lack of information about post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety disorder in low and middle-income countries in humanitarian emergency contexts such as Mozambique. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and associated factors among armed conflict survivors in Cabo Delgado, north region of Mozambique in 2023. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2023 among 750 participants, who were selected by convenience. A face-to-face interview used the Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PC-PTSD-5) to evaluate PTSD, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) to evaluate anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire - Mozambique (PHQ-9 MZ) to evaluate depression. The association between PTSD and demographic and psychosocial characteristics was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression. We used a 5% significance level. Results The three mental disorders assessed were highly prevalent in our sample with 74.3% PTSD, 63.8% depression, and 40.0% anxiety. The chance of developing PTSD was higher in females (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.50-3.51), in patients with depression symptoms (AOR = 8.27, 95% CI = 4.97-13.74) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.84-2.50). Conclusion This study reported that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were high. Patients having depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and being female are more at risk of developing PTSD. There is a need to integrate screening for common mental disorders in the context of humanitarian emergencies and its adapted integration of psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisa Manafe
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Fábio Ponda
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Flávio Mandlate
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Vasco F. J. Cumbe
- Mental Health Department, Ministry of Health, Provincial Health Directorate of Sofala, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Ana Olga Mocumbi
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Maria R. Oliveira Martins
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ford PA, Keane CA. Australian men's help-seeking intentions for anxiety symptoms: The impact of masculine norm conformity and gender role conflict. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29114. [PMID: 38633657 PMCID: PMC11021970 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Research highlights a discrepancy between the number of men experiencing mental illness and those seeking professional help, particularly for anxiety. Conformity to masculine norms (CMN) and gender role conflict (GRC) have been recognised as barriers to men's mental health help-seeking, but few studies have examined these relationships for anxiety. This study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety severity and help-seeking intentions in Australian men, and the additional impact of CMN and GRC. A total of 610 Australians aged 18-89 years (M = 46.02, SD = 17.14) participated in an online survey, which included demographic information and four standardised questionnaires measuring anxiety, help-seeking intentions, CMN, and GRC. CMN but not GRC was found to fully mediate the relationship between anxiety severity and anxiety-related help-seeking intentions. The results have theoretical implications for the study of masculinity and clinical implications for therapeutic approaches for men with anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice A. Ford
- Faculty of Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Discipline of Psychology, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia
| | - Carol A. Keane
- Faculty of Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Discipline of Psychology, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia
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Witting AB, Anderson SR, Johnson LN, Barrow BH, Peery A. The trajectory of anxiety in therapy: The role of ACEs. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024. [PMID: 38602712 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The connection between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety disorders is well-documented. Additionally, therapy has been shown to be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms. Yet more needs to be known about how ACEs may shape the process of therapy and the trajectory of anxiety symptoms. This study was designed to compare the trajectory of improvement in anxiety symptoms over the course of 12 sessions of therapy in adults (N = 472), who reported more (greater than four) and fewer (fewer than four) ACEs using a multigroup latent growth curve analysis. Data were drawn from the Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network database. Results suggested that the rate of improvement in those with more and fewer ACEs was not significantly different; however, those with more ACEs had a significantly higher average starting point of anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee N Johnson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Allie Peery
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Milatz F, Klotsche J, Niewerth M, Sengler C, Windschall D, Kallinich T, Dressler F, Trauzeddel R, Holl RW, Foeldvari I, Brück N, Temming S, Hospach T, Warschburger P, Berendes R, Erbis G, Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Weller-Heinemann F, Haas JP, Müller-Stierlin AS, Mutter A, Meissner T, Baumeister H, Minden K. Anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of an outpatient screening. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:82. [PMID: 38600543 PMCID: PMC11005270 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that growing up with rheumatic conditions can fuel dissatisfaction and psychological distress, which in turn affects disease self-management and treatment adherence. Primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to identify correlates of conspicuous screening results. METHODS Initiated as part of the COACH multicenter observational study, outpatients aged 12 to 21 years participating in the National Pediatric Rheumatological Database (NPRD) were prospectively screened for mental health using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7). RESULTS Data from 1,150 adolescents with JIA (mean age 15.6 ± 2.2 years; mean disease duration 7.2 ± 4.9 years, 69% female, 43% oligoarthritis, 26% polyarthritis) were analysed. Overall, 32.7% (n = 316) of AYA showed conspicuous screening results, of whom 30.4% reported clinically relevant suicidal or self-harm thoughts. About 19% of screened patients showed moderate to severe depressive or anxious symptoms. AYA with conspicuous screening results were older (15.8 vs. 15.2 years; p < 0.0001), more often female (81% vs. 64%; p < 0.0001) and more often overweight (25% vs. 17%; p = 0.006). They had higher disease activity (physician global assessment on NRS 0-10; 1.7 vs. 1.2; p < 0.0001), more functional limitations (CHAQ; 0.44 vs. 0.14; <0.0001) and rated their health status worse (NRS 0-10; 3.5 vs. 1.8; p < 0.0001) than AYA with inconspicuous screening results. Females (OR 2.33 [CI 1.53-3.56]; p < 0.0001), older age (OR 1.09 [CI 1.01-1.18]; p = 0.026), patients with more functional limitations (OR 3.36 [CI 1.98-5.72]; p < 0.0001), and patients with worse subjective health status (OR 1.17 [CI 1.07-1.27]; p < 0.0001) were more likely to have a conspicuous screening result. Regular sports participation was associated with a lower likelihood of conspicuous screening result (OR 0.69 [CI 0.49-0.98]; p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS A large-scale outpatient screening of AYA with JIA in Germany shows a high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. The need for routine screening for early detection of mental health problems became apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Milatz
- Programme area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Klotsche
- Programme area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Niewerth
- Programme area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Sengler
- Programme area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Windschall
- Clinic of Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Northwest German Centre for Rheumatology, St. Josef- Stift Sendenhorst, Sendenhorst, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Programme area Systems Rheumatology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Dressler
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Trauzeddel
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Helios Klinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Foeldvari
- Hamburg Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Normi Brück
- Department of Paediatrics, Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Svenja Temming
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni Hospach
- Department of Paediatrics, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Berendes
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital St. Marien, Landshut, Germany
| | - Gabriele Erbis
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology and autoinflammation reference centre Tuebingen (arcT), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, member of ERN-RITA, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin B Kuemmerle-Deschner
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology and autoinflammation reference centre Tuebingen (arcT), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, member of ERN-RITA, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Weller-Heinemann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Rheumatology, Eltern-Kind-Zentrum Prof. Hess, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Haas
- German Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Mutter
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kirsten Minden
- Programme area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gessner J, Schulz JO, Melzig CA, Benke C. Role of interoceptive fear and maladaptive attention and behaviors in the escalation of psychopathology-a network analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38593025 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2336036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The complex interplay of fear, attention, and behavior toward bodily sensations with psychopathological symptoms and how they mutually influence and potentially reinforce one another remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we used a network analytical approach to unravel these complex interactions. Specifically, we aimed to identify central symptoms and etiologically relevant factors that might be associated with anxiety and depressive core symptoms. To this end, the following clusters were assessed in 791 adults: interoceptive fear, interoceptive attention, maladaptive behaviors related to bodily sensations, and core symptoms of anxiety and depression. This network was modeled using a Gaussian Graphical Model. Central variables (nodes) were identified using centrality indices and bridge analysis. Self-examination and attention to bodily sensations emerged as central nodes. Moreover, time spent paying attention to bodily sensations, fear of anxiety-related sensations, and self-examination were identified as central bridge nodes, that is, central nodes connecting psychopathologically relevant symptom clusters. The present study indicates that fear of bodily sensations, the amount of attention and time spent focusing on somatic sensations, and self-examination are central factors. The findings suggest potential targets for future longitudinal studies on the impact of these factors for the escalation of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gessner
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Schulz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Melzig
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, CMBB, Philipps University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christoph Benke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Villarreal-Zegarra D, Paredes-Angeles R, Mayo-Puchoc N, Arenas-Minaya E, Huarcaya-Victoria J, Copez-Lonzoy A. Psychometric properties of the GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7): a cross-sectional study of the Peruvian general population. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:183. [PMID: 38566138 PMCID: PMC10985987 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are among the main mental health problems worldwide and are considered one of the most disabling conditions. Therefore, it is essential to have measurement tools that can be used to screen for anxiety symptoms in the general population and thus identify potential cases of people with anxiety symptoms and provide them with timely care. Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) in the Peruvian population. METHOD Our study was a cross-sectional study. The sample included people aged 12 to 65 years in Peru. Confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of measurement invariance, convergent validity with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and internal consistency analysis were performed. RESULTS In total, 4431 participants were included. The one-factor model showed the best fit (CFI = 0.994; TLI = 0.991; RMSEA = 0.068; WRMR = 1.567). The GAD-7 score showed measurement invariance between men and women and between age groups (adults vs. adolescents) (ΔCFI < 0.01). The internal consistency of the one-factor model was satisfactory (ω = 0.90, α = 0.93). The relationship between depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) presented a moderate correlation (r = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that the GAD-7 score shows evidence of validity and reliability for the one-factor model. Furthermore, because the GAD-7 score is invariant, comparisons can be made between groups (i.e., by sex and age group). Finally, we recommend the use of the GAD-7 for the general population in the Peruvian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarreal-Zegarra
- Universidad César Vallejo, Escuela de Medicina, Trujillo, Peru
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Filial Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Anthony Copez-Lonzoy
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru.
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Almidani L, Miller R, Varadaraj V, Mihailovic A, Swenor BK, Ramulu PY. Vision Impairment and Psychosocial Function in US Adults. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:283-291. [PMID: 38386343 PMCID: PMC10884944 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Importance Vision impairment and psychosocial function, including symptoms of depression and anxiety and social isolation, are a major cause of morbidity in the US. However, there is a lack of nationally representative studies assessing associations between both objective and subjective vision impairment with psychosocial function following the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To provide updated national estimates on the associations of vision impairment with depressive and anxiety symptoms and social isolation in US adults 65 years and older. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study round 9 (2019) and 11 (2021), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Binocular distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were tested. Objectively measured vision impairment was defined as having vision impairment in either distance visual acuity (worse than 20/40), near visual acuity (worse than 20/40), or contrast sensitivity (worse than 1.55 logCS). Self-reported vision impairment was defined based on participants' report on their vision status. Data were analyzed in May 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Depressive and anxiety symptoms assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire. Social isolation was defined based on living arrangement, communication frequency, and activity participation responses. Results Among 2822 community-dwelling adults sampled from a population of 26 182 090, the mean (SD) age was 78.5 (5.6) years; 1605 individuals (54.7%) were female; 1077 (32.3%) had objectively measured vision impairment, and 203 (6.4%) had self-reported vision impairment. In adjusted models, all outcomes were significantly associated with objectively measured vision impairment, including depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.26-2.58), anxiety symptoms (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.13-2.67), and severe social isolation (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.05-3.87). Similarly, depressive symptoms (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.44-3.88) and anxiety symptoms (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.09-4.05) but not severe social isolation symptoms (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.78-5.49) were significantly associated with self-reported vision impairment. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, vision impairment was associated with several psychosocial outcomes, including symptoms of depression and anxiety and social isolation. These findings provide evidence to support prioritizing research aimed at enhancing the health and inclusion of people with vision impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Almidani
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rhonda Miller
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Varshini Varadaraj
- Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aleksandra Mihailovic
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnielin K. Swenor
- Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pradeep Y. Ramulu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang X, Yin Z, Yang Y, Fu X, Guo C, Pu K, Zang S. Association of plant-based dietary patterns with depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese older adults: A nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:838-846. [PMID: 38278327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of plant-based dietary patterns with depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults have not been extensively studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine these associations in Chinese older adults. METHODS Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) was employed in the present study. The simplified food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CES-D-10) was used to evaluate depression symptoms, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. This study employed logistic regression and linear regression to examine the associations between plant-based dietary patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS This study included 11,971 older adults, with a mean age of 83.23 ± 11.10 years. The results indicated that PDI and hPDI were negative associated with depression symptoms (adjusted β -0.09, 95 % CI -0.11, -0.07) (adjusted β -0.09, 95 % CI -0.11, -0.07) and anxiety symptoms (adjusted β -0.03, 95 % CI -0.04, -0.02) (adjusted β -0.04, 95 % CI -0.05, -0.02), while uPDI was positive associated with depression symptoms (adjusted β 0.09, 95 % CI 0.07, 0.11) and anxiety symptoms (adjusted β 0.04, 95 % CI 0.03, 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study have the potential to promote healthy dietary patterns in older adults, and may have implications for the prevention and management of depression and anxiety in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Library of China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, No. 9 Huangpujiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266555, China
| | - Chaowei Guo
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Keping Pu
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China.
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Mortier P, Vilagut G, García-Mieres H, Alayo I, Ferrer M, Amigo F, Aragonès E, Aragón-Peña A, Asúnsolo Del Barco Á, Campos M, Espuga M, González-Pinto A, Haro JM, López Fresneña N, Martínez de Salázar AD, Molina JD, Ortí-Lucas RM, Parellada M, Pelayo-Terán JM, Pérez-Gómez B, Pérez-Zapata A, Pijoan JI, Plana N, Polentinos-Castro E, Portillo-Van Diest A, Puig T, Rius C, Sanz F, Serra C, Urreta-Barallobre I, Kessler RC, Bruffaerts R, Vieta E, Pérez-Solá V, Alonso J. Health service and psychotropic medication use for mental health conditions among healthcare workers active during the Spain Covid-19 Pandemic - A prospective cohort study using web-based surveys. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115800. [PMID: 38387166 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about healthcare workers' (HCW) use of healthcare services for mental disorders. This study presents data from a 16-month prospective cohort study of Spanish HCW (n = 4,809), recruited shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic onset, and assessed at four timepoints using web-based surveys. Use of health services among HCW with mental health conditions (i.e., those having a positive screen for mental disorders and/or suicidal thoughts and behaviours [STB]) was initially low (i.e., 18.2 %) but increased to 29.6 % at 16-month follow-up. Service use was positively associated with pre-pandemic mental health treatment (OR=1.99), a positive screen for major depressive disorder (OR=1.50), panic attacks (OR=1.74), suicidal thoughts and behaviours (OR=1.22), and experiencing severe role impairment (OR=1.33), and negatively associated with being female (OR = 0.69) and a higher daily number of work hours (OR=0.95). Around 30 % of HCW with mental health conditions used anxiolytics (benzodiazepines), especially medical doctors. Four out of ten HCW (39.0 %) with mental health conditions indicated a need for (additional) help, with most important barriers for service use being too ashamed, long waiting lists, and professional treatment not being available. Our findings delineate a clear mental health treatment gap among Spanish HCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mortier
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Helena García-Mieres
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Itxaso Alayo
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biosistemak Institute for Health Systems Research, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Montse Ferrer
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franco Amigo
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Enric Aragonès
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain; Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Spain
| | - Andrés Aragón-Peña
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Fundación Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de AP, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo Del Barco
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mireia Campos
- Service of Prevention of Labor Risks, Medical Emergencies System, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Meritxell Espuga
- Occupational Health Service. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- BIOARABA, Hospital Universitario Araba-Santiago, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Haro
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan D Molina
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Villaverde Mental Health Center, Clinical Management Area of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael M Ortí-Lucas
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Quality of Attention, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Pelayo-Terán
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. Hospital el Bierzo, Gerencia de Asistencia Sanitaria del Bierzo (GASBI). Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL). Ponferrada, León, Spain; Area de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Ignasio Pijoan
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Clinical Epidemiology Unit-Hospital Universitario Cruces/ OSI EEC, Bilbao, Spain/ Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - Nieves Plana
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Polentinos-Castro
- Research Unit Primary Care Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Specialities and Public Health. King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud RICAPPS-(RICORS). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Portillo-Van Diest
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Research Progamme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, MELIS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Nacional de Bioinformatica - ELIXIR-ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Consol Serra
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; CiSAL-Centro de Investigación en Salud Laboral, Hospital del Mar Research Institute/UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iratxe Urreta-Barallobre
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Donostia University Hospital, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, San Sebastián, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Vieta
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez-Solá
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Jiang S, Hao M, Li Y, Liu Y, Jiang X, Jin L, Wang X. Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2329-2339. [PMID: 38284799 PMCID: PMC11032557 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various associations between social factors and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) have been reported. However, whether social frailty (integrated from multiple social factors) is associated with MCR is still unclear. METHODS We included 4657 individuals without MCR at Round 1 of the NHATS as the discovery sample, and 3075 newly recruited individuals from Round 5 of the NHATS as the independent validation sample. Social frailty was assessed by five social items. MCR was defined as the presence of both subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait speed in individuals without dementia or mobility disability. RESULTS Compared with normal individuals, those with social frailty had higher risk of incident MCR (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-1.84). Each additional unfavorable social item was associated with an increased risk of MCR (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22-1.43). DISCUSSION Social frailty was associated with an increased risk of incident MCR in older adults. HIGHLIGHTS Various associations between social factors and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) have been reported. Social frailty that integrated from multiple social factors was associated with an increased risk of incident MCR. Social frailty should be included in the early screening of individuals to identify those at higher risk of MCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Human Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zixin Hu
- Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesion Regulation and RemodelingShanghai Pudong HospitalFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Meng Hao
- Human Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Li
- Human Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yining Liu
- Human Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of CardiologyDepartment of Pathology and PathophysiologySchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Jin
- Human Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Human Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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