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Rauch S, Costacurta F, Schöppe H, Peng JY, Bante D, Erisoez EE, Sprenger B, He X, Moghadasi SA, Krismer L, Sauerwein A, Heberle A, Rabensteiner T, Wang D, Naschberger A, Dunzendorfer-Matt T, Kaserer T, von Laer D, Heilmann E. Highly specific SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro) mutations against the clinical antiviral ensitrelvir selected in a safe, VSV-based system. Antiviral Res 2024; 231:105969. [PMID: 39053514 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the so far two most effective approved antivirals are the protease inhibitors nirmatrelvir, in combination with ritonavir (Paxlovid) and ensitrelvir (Xocova). However, antivirals and indeed all antimicrobial drugs are sooner or later challenged by resistance mutations. Studying such mutations is essential for treatment decisions and pandemic preparedness. At the same time, generating resistant viruses to assess mutants is controversial, especially with pathogens of pandemic potential like SARS-CoV-2. To circumvent gain-of-function research with non-attenuated SARS-CoV-2, a previously developed safe system based on a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus dependent on the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (VSV-Mpro) was used to select mutations against ensitrelvir. Ensitrelvir is clinically especially relevant due to its single-substance formulation, avoiding drug-drug interactions by the co-formulated CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir in Paxlovid. By treating VSV-Mpro with ensitrelvir, highly-specific resistant mutants against this inhibitor were selected, while being still fully or largely susceptible to nirmatrelvir. We then confirmed several ensitrelvir-specific mutants in gold standard enzymatic assays and SARS-CoV-2 replicons. These findings indicate that the two inhibitors can have distinct viral resistance profiles, which could determine treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rauch
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Francesco Costacurta
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Helge Schöppe
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Ju-Yi Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - David Bante
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Ela Emilie Erisoez
- Institute of Molecular Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Bernhard Sprenger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Xi He
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Seyed Arad Moghadasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laura Krismer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Anna Sauerwein
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Anne Heberle
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Toni Rabensteiner
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Dai Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Andreas Naschberger
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theresia Dunzendorfer-Matt
- Institute of Molecular Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Heilmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Tyrol, Austria; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Fayisa ST, Pokharel N, Solomon A, Negash L, Biltibo LA, Bedasso SH, Abebe AT. Navigating diagnostic challenges: imaging strategies for herpes simplex encephalitis in resource limited settings: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2183-2187. [PMID: 38515771 PMCID: PMC10950604 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Encephalitis refers to the inflammatory condition affecting the brain parenchyma, leading to various neurological impairments. It can have various causes: infectious, postinfectious, and noninfectious origins. In this case, we present a 76-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with complaints of headache and behavioral changes. Initially, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan raised suspicion of herpes simplex encephalitis and prompted the initiation of treatment. Subsequently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture confirmed the diagnosis. However, despite medical intervention, the patient's condition unexpectedly deteriorated, and he unfortunately passed away after spending 2 weeks in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Possible factors contributing to this outcome include delayed presentation to medical care, viral resistance, or the inherent nature of the infection itself, particularly in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimalis Tadasa Fayisa
- Department of Radiology, College of Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Nishma Pokharel
- Departement of medicine, Kathmandu Medical college, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Lense Negash
- Departement of Medicine, S't Paul's Hospital Millenium Medical Collage hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lidiya Ayele Biltibo
- Departement of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Selamawit Hailu Bedasso
- Departement of Medicine, ALERT Hospital/Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Tsehay Abebe
- Departement of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ganesh BH, Raj AG, Aruchamy B, Nanjan P, Drago C, Ramani P. Pyrrole: A Decisive Scaffold for the Development of Therapeutic Agents and Structure-Activity Relationship. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300447. [PMID: 37926686 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of pyrroles as distinct scaffolds with therapeutic potential and the significance of pyrrole derivatives for drug development are provided in this article. It lists instances of naturally occurring pyrrole-containing compounds and describes the sources of pyrroles in nature, including plants and microbes. It also explains the many conventional and modern synthetic methods used to produce pyrroles. The key topics are the biological characteristics, pharmacological behavior, and functional alterations displayed by pyrrole derivatives. It also details how pyrroles are used to treat infectious diseases. It describes infectious disorders resistant to standard treatments and discusses the function of compounds containing pyrroles in combating infectious diseases. Furthermore, the review covers the uses of pyrrole derivatives in treating non-infectious diseases and resistance mechanisms in non-infectious illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The important discoveries and probable avenues for pyrrole research are finally summarized, along with their significance for medicinal chemists and drug development. A reference from the last two decades is included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Hassan Ganesh
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Anirudh G Raj
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Pandurangan Nanjan
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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4
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Bar Ilan M, Dovrat S, Cohen R, Georgaki M, Papadopoulou E, Nikitakis NG, Yarom N. Virucidal effect of mouthwash on acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38151043 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The symptoms of herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) infections might be severe and persistent in immunocompromised patients in whom they reactivate at a high frequency. The development of Acyclovir (ACV) resistant strains due to long-term treatment with antiviral agents in those patients is not uncommon. The aim of the present study was to assess the virucidal effect of commercially available mouthwashes against ACV-resistant HSV-1 strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains were exposed for 30 s to essential oil-based (Listerine Fresh Burst® and Listerine Zero®), chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (Hexidyl®) and povidone-iodine 7.5% (Betadine Gargle®) mouthwashes. Loss of virus infectivity was determined by means of plaque reduction assays in a cell culture system. RESULTS All 4 of the tested solutions significantly reduced virus infectivity, with the essential oil-based and povidone-iodine mouthwashes being slightly more efficacious, compared to chlorhexidine. CONCLUSION The findings of this analysis revealed that the tested oral rinses demonstrated in-vitro antiviral activity against ACV-resistant HSV. Comparative clinical trials are required to establish the clinical effectiveness of daily use of oral rinses in reducing the appearance of oral HSV lesions in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bar Ilan
- Oral Medicine Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - S Dovrat
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - R Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Papadopoulou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Yarom
- Oral Medicine Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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5
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Tasker S, Addie DD, Egberink H, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Hosie MJ, Truyen U, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Frymus T, Lloret A, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Thiry E, Möstl K, Hartmann K. Feline Infectious Peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases Guidelines. Viruses 2023; 15:1847. [PMID: 37766254 PMCID: PMC10535984 DOI: 10.3390/v15091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a ubiquitous RNA virus of cats, which is transmitted faeco-orally. In these guidelines, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) presents a comprehensive review of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FCoV is primarily an enteric virus and most infections do not cause clinical signs, or result in only enteritis, but a small proportion of FCoV-infected cats develop FIP. The pathology in FIP comprises a perivascular phlebitis that can affect any organ. Cats under two years old are most frequently affected by FIP. Most cats present with fever, anorexia, and weight loss; many have effusions, and some have ocular and/or neurological signs. Making a diagnosis is complex and ABCD FIP Diagnostic Approach Tools are available to aid veterinarians. Sampling an effusion, when present, for cytology, biochemistry, and FCoV RNA or FCoV antigen detection is very useful diagnostically. In the absence of an effusion, fine-needle aspirates from affected organs for cytology and FCoV RNA or FCoV antigen detection are helpful. Definitive diagnosis usually requires histopathology with FCoV antigen detection. Antiviral treatments now enable recovery in many cases from this previously fatal disease; nucleoside analogues (e.g., oral GS-441524) are very effective, although they are not available in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Shirley, Solihull B90 4BN, UK
| | - Diane D. Addie
- Independent Researcher, 64000 Pyrénées Aquitaine, France;
| | - Herman Egberink
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Tadeusz Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Albert Lloret
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Karin Möstl
- Institute of Virology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
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Sharifi E, Yousefiasl S, Trovato M, Sartorius R, Esmaeili Y, Goodarzi H, Ghomi M, Bigham A, Moghaddam FD, Heidarifard M, Pourmotabed S, Nazarzadeh Zare E, Paiva-Santos AC, Rabiee N, Wang X, Tay FR. Nanostructures for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of viral respiratory infections: from influenza virus to SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:199. [PMID: 37344894 PMCID: PMC10283343 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a major cause of mortality and socio-economic downfall despite the plethora of biopharmaceuticals designed for their eradication. Conventional antiviral therapies are often ineffective. Live-attenuated vaccines can pose a safety risk due to the possibility of pathogen reversion, whereas inactivated viral vaccines and subunit vaccines do not generate robust and sustained immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of strategies that combine nanotechnology concepts with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive introduction to the different strains of viruses involved in respiratory diseases and presents an overview of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral infections based on nanotechnology concepts and applications. Discussions in diagnostic/therapeutic nanotechnology-based approaches will be focused on H1N1 influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 infections, as well as COVID-19 infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus Delta variant and new emerging Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran.
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Goodarzi
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matineh Ghomi
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samiramis Pourmotabed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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7
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Abuelizz HA, Bakheit AH, Marzouk M, El-Senousy WM, Abdellatif MM, Mostafa GAE, Saquib Q, Hassan SB, Al-Salahi R. Antiviral activity of some benzo[g]quinazolines against coxsackievirus B4: biological screening and docking study. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00495-z. [PMID: 37210695 PMCID: PMC10200032 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotype coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection has been linked to viral myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, meningitis, and pancreatitis in children and young adults. As of yet, no antiviral drug has been authorized for the treatment of coxsackievirus infection. Therefore, there is perpetual demand for new therapeutic agents and the improvement of existing ones. Benzo[g]quinazolines, the subject of several well-known heterocyclic systems, have risen to prominence and played a significant role in the development of antiviral agents, particularly those for anti-coxsackievirus B4 infection. METHODS This study investigated the cytotoxicity of the target benzo[g]quinazolines (1-16) in the BGM cells line as well as their anti-coxsackievirus B4 activity. Determination of CVB4 titers using a plaque assay. RESULTS Most of the target benzoquinazolines exhibited antiviral activity, however, compounds 1-3 appeared to be the most effective (reduction percentages of 66.7, 70, and 83.3%, respectively). The binding mechanisms and interactions of the three most active 1-3 with the constitutive amino acids in the active site of the multi-target of coxsackievirus B4 (3Clpro and RdRp) targets were also investigated using molecular docking. CONCLUSION The anti coxsackievirus B4 activity has resulted, and the top three active benzoquinazolines (1-3) have bonded to and interacted with the constitutive amino acids in the active region of the multi-target coxsackievirus B4 (RdRp and 3Clpro). Further research is required in the lab. to determine the exact benzoquinazolines mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Organic Chemicals Industries Division, Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waled M El-Senousy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute and Food-Borne Viruses Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdellatif
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan B Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Valipour M, Di Giacomo S, Di Sotto A, Irannejad H. Discovery of Chalcone-Based Hybrid Structures as High Affinity and Site-Specific Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Structural Analysis Based on Various Host-Based and Viral Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108789. [PMID: 37240149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that natural-based chalcones have significant inhibitory effects on the coronavirus enzymes 3CLpro and PLpro as well as modulation of some host-based antiviral targets (HBATs). In this study, a comprehensive computational and structural study was performed to investigate the affinity of our compound library consisting of 757 chalcone-based structures (CHA-1 to CHA-757) for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes and against twelve selected host-based targets. Our results indicated that CHA-12 (VUF 4819) is the most potent and multi-target inhibitor in our chemical library over all viral and host-based targets. Correspondingly, CHA-384 and its congeners containing ureide moieties were found to be potent and selective 3CLpro inhibitors, and benzotriazole moiety in CHA-37 was found to be a main fragment for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the ureide and sulfonamide moieties are integral fragments for the optimum 3CLpro inhibition while occupying the S1 and S3 subsites, which is fully consistent with recent reports on the site-specific 3CLpro inhibitors. Finding the multi-target inhibitor CHA-12, previously reported as an LTD4 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases, prompted us to suggest it as a concomitant agent for relieving respiratory symptoms and suppressing COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1545913487, Iran
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847116547, Iran
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9
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Khatun S, Putta CL, Hak A, Rengan AK. Immunomodulatory nanosystems: An emerging strategy to combat viral infections. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023; 9:100073. [PMID: 36967725 PMCID: PMC10036237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral infection spreads with the assistance of a host. Traditional antiviral therapies cannot provide long-term immunity against emerging and drug-resistant viral infections. Immunotherapy has evolved as an efficient approach for disease prevention and treatment, which include cancer, infections, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can dramatically enhance therapeutic outcomes by combating many therapeutic challenges, such as poor immune stimulation and off-target adverse effects. Recently, immunomodulatory nanosystems have emerged as a potent antiviral strategy to intercept viral infections effectively. This review introduces major viral infections with their primary symptoms, route of transmission & targeted organ, and different stages of the viral life cycle with respective traditional blockers. The IMNs have an exceptional capacity for precisely modulating the immune system for therapeutic applications. The nano sized immunomodulatory systems permit the immune cells to interact with infectious agents enhancing lymphatic drainage and endocytosis by the over-reactive immune cells in the infected areas. Immune cells that can be modulated upon viral infection via various immunomodulatory nanosystems have been discussed. Advancement in theranostics can yield an accurate diagnosis, adequate treatment, and real-time screening of viral infections. Nanosystem-based drug delivery can continue to thrive in diagnosing, treating, and preventing viral infections. The curative medicine for remerging and drug-resistant viruses remains challenging, though certain systems have expanded our perception and initiated a new research domain in antiviral treatments.
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Hatta MHM, Matmin J, Malek NANN, Kamisan FH, Badruzzaman A, Batumalaie K, Ling Lee S, Abdul Wahab R. COVID‐19: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment by Using Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Materials. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hayrie Mohd Hatta
- Centre for Research and Development Asia Metropolitan University 81750 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Juan Matmin
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Farah Hidayah Kamisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Asia Metropolitan University 81750 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Aishah Badruzzaman
- Centre for Foundation, Language and General Studies Asia Metropolitan University 81750 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Asia Metropolitan University 81750 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Siew Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
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Al-Akioui Sanz K, Echecopar Parente C, Ferreras C, Menéndez Ribes M, Navarro A, Mestre C, Clares L, Vicario JL, Balas A, De Paz R, López Granados E, Sánchez Zapardiel E, Jiménez C, López-Oliva M, Ramos E, Hernández-Oliveros F, Pérez-Martínez A. Familial CD45RA - T cells to treat severe refractory infections in immunocompromised patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1083215. [PMID: 36844219 PMCID: PMC9944023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1083215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to high-risk opportunistic infections and malignant diseases. Most antiviral and antifungal drugs are quite toxic, relatively ineffective, and induce resistance in the long term. The transfer of pathogen-specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes has shown a minimal toxicity profile and effectiveness in treating Cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, Epstein - Barr virus, BK Virus and Aspergillus infections, but this therapy have the main limitations of regulatory issues, high cost, and absence of public cell banks. However, CD45RA- cells containing pathogen-specific memory T-cells involve a less complex manufacturing and regulatory process and are cheaper, feasible, safe, and potentially effective. Methods We present preliminary data from six immunocompromised patients: four who had severe infectious diseases and two who had EBV lymphoproliferative disease. All of them underwent multiple safe familial CD45RA- T-cell infusions as adoptive passive cell therapy, containing Cytomegalovirus, Epstein - Barr virus, BK virus, and Aspergillus-specific memory T-cells. We also present the method for selecting the best donors for CD45RA- cells in each case and the procedure to isolate and store these cells. Results The infusions were safe, there was no case of graft-versus host disease, and they showed a clear clinical benefit. The patients treated for BK virus nephritis, Cytomegalovirus encephalitis, Cytomegalovirus reactivation, and disseminated invasive aspergillosis experienced pathogen clearance, complete resolution of symptoms in 4-6 weeks and a lymphocyte increase in 3 of 4 cases after 3-4 months. Donor T cell transient microchimerism was detected in one patient. The two patients treated for EBV lymphoproliferative disease underwent chemotherapy and several infusions of CD45RA- memory T-cells containing EBV cytotoxic lymphocytes. Donor T-cell microchimerism was observed in both patients. The viremia cleared in one of the patients, and in the other, despite the viremia not clearing, hepatic lymphoproliferative disease remained stable and was ultimately cured with EBV-specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes. Conclusion The use of familial CD45RA- T-cells containing specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is a feasible, safe and potential effective approach for treating severe pathogen infections in immunocompromised patients through a third party donor. Furthermore, this approach might be of universal use with fewer institutional and regulatory barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alfonso Navarro
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mestre
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Clares
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Vicario
- Histocompatibility Unit, Transfusion Center of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Balas
- Histocompatibility Unit, Transfusion Center of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel De Paz
- Cell Therapy Unit, Department of Hematology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Jiménez
- Department of Nephrology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Ramos
- Intestinal Rehabilitation Unit, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Antonio Pérez-Martínez,
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Singh CK, Sodhi KK. The emerging significance of nanomedicine-based approaches to fighting COVID-19 variants of concern: A perspective on the nanotechnology’s role in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1084033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, one of the worst-hit pandemics, has quickly spread like fire across nations with very high mortality rates. Researchers all around the globe are making consistent efforts to address the main challenges faced due to COVID-19 infection including prompt diagnosis and therapeutics to reduce mortality. Conventional medical technology does not effectively contain the havoc caused by deadly COVID-19. This signals a crucial mandate for innovative and novel interventions in diagnostics and therapeutics to combat this ongoing pandemic and counter its successor or disease if it were ever to arise. The expeditious solutions can spring from promising areas such as nanomedicine and nanotechnology. Nanomedicine is a dominant tool that has a huge potential to alleviate the disease burden by providing nanoparticle-based vaccines and carriers. Nanotechnology encompasses multidisciplinary aspects including artificial intelligence, chemistry, biology, material science, physical science, and medicine. Nanoparticles offer many advantages compared to larger particles, including better magnetic properties and a multiplied surface-to-volume ratio. Given this, the present review focuses on promising nanomedicine-based solutions to combat COVID-19 and their utility to control a broad range of pathogens and viruses, along with understanding their role in the therapy, diagnosis, and prevention of COVID-19. Various studies, reports, and recent research and development from the nanotechnology perspective are discussed in this article.
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Khan M, Altamish M, Samal M, Srivastav V, Insaf A, Parveen R, Akhtar J, Krishnan A, Ahmad S. Antiviral Potential of Traditional Unani Medicine with Special Emphasis on Dengue: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1317-1334. [PMID: 38037908 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501257577231103044735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever has become a major public health concern. It is usually related to intravascular leaking, bleeding disorders, and thrombocytopenia and is recognized as a potent threat to humans. The scarcity of anti-dengue medication or vaccine for such a serious disease leads to an upsurge in the usage of traditional medicines for its proper management. India has diverse biodiversity and a long history of using plant-based remedies. Several medicinal plant extracts have been studied for producing anti-dengue viral activity. AYUSH traditional systems provide a plethora of plants that have been reported to be useful in the treatment of fever. Single and compound plant- based formulations in natural form have been used in Unani holistic approaches. This review serves as a new approach to illustrate the most recent evidence regarding the antiviral activity of various plants by providing scientific proof and also to validate the traditional formulations as effective treatments in dengue fever for global acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzayyana Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Altamish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Monalisha Samal
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Varsha Srivastav
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Areeba Insaf
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Iketani S, Hong SJ, Sheng J, Bahari F, Culbertson B, Atanaki FF, Aditham AK, Kratz AF, Luck MI, Tian R, Goff SP, Montazeri H, Sabo Y, Ho DD, Chavez A. Functional map of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease reveals tolerant and immutable sites. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1354-1362.e6. [PMID: 36029764 PMCID: PMC9365866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (3CLpro) is an attractive therapeutic target, as it is essential to the virus and highly conserved among coronaviruses. However, our current understanding of its tolerance to mutations is limited. Here, we develop a yeast-based deep mutational scanning approach to systematically profile the activity of all possible single mutants of the 3CLpro and validate a subset of our results within authentic viruses. We reveal that the 3CLpro is highly malleable and is capable of tolerating mutations throughout the protein. Yet, we also identify specific residues that appear immutable, suggesting that these may be targets for future 3CLpro inhibitors. Finally, we utilize our screening as a basis to identify E166V as a resistance-conferring mutation against the clinically used 3CLpro inhibitor, nirmatrelvir. Collectively, the functional map presented herein may serve as a guide to better understand the biological properties of the 3CLpro and for drug development against coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Iketani
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seo Jung Hong
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farideh Bahari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruce Culbertson
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fereshteh Fallah Atanaki
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arjun K Aditham
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander F Kratz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria I Luck
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruxiao Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hesam Montazeri
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yosef Sabo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Chavez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Roca TP, Villar LM, Nogueira Lima FS, Vasconcelos MPA, Borzacov LMP, Silva EDCE, do Lago BV, da Silva MTL, Botelho Souza LF, Salcedo JMV, dos Santos ADO, Vieira DS. Genomic Variability of Hepatitis B Virus Circulating in Brazilian Western Amazon. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102100. [PMID: 36298655 PMCID: PMC9611064 DOI: 10.3390/v14102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of clinically relevant mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome has been a matter of great debate because of the possibility of escape from the host’s immune system, the potential to cause more severe progression of liver diseases and the emergence of treatment-resistant variants. Here we characterized the circulating variants of HBV in Rondônia State, in the north of Brazil. Serum samples of 62 chronic HBV carriers were subjected to PCR assays and clinical data were collected. Mutations and genotypes were characterized through direct sequencing. The findings show the presence of subgenotypes A1 (54.83%, 34/62), D3 (16.13%, 10/62), F2 (16.13%, 10/62), A2 (4.84%, 3/62), D2 (3.23%, 2/62), D1 (1.61%, 1/62), D4 (1.61%, 1/62) and F4 (1.61%, 1/62). Deletions in the pre-S2 region were found in 13.79% (8/58) of the samples, mutations in the S gene in 59.68% (37/62) and RT mutations in 48.39% (30/62). We found a variable genotypic distribution in different locations and important mutations related to immune escape and drug resistance in Western Amazonia, which contributed to genetic surveillance and provided important information to help control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tárcio Peixoto Roca
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil
- Correspondence: (T.P.R.); (L.M.V.)
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (T.P.R.); (L.M.V.)
| | - Felipe Souza Nogueira Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bárbara Vieira do Lago
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Mayara Torquato Lima da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Structural Bioengineering, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rondônia—CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
| | | | - Deusilene Souza Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rondônia—CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology, Federal University of Rondônia—PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
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Abstract
Maribavir was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in November 2021 for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease that is refractory to treatment (with or without genotypic resistance) with ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, or foscarnet. Maribavir is an oral benzimidazole riboside with potent and selective multimodal anti-CMV activity. It utilizes a novel mechanism of action which confers activity against CMV strains that are resistant to traditional anti-CMV agents, and also offers a more favorable safety profile relative to the dose-limiting side effects of previously available therapies. Maribavir was initially studied as an agent for CMV prophylaxis in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell recipients, but initial phase III trials failed to meet clinical efficacy endpoints. It has been more recently studied as a therapeutic agent at higher doses for refractory-resistant (R-R) CMV infections with favorable outcomes. After an overview of maribavir's chemistry and clinical pharmacology, this review will summarize clinical efficacy, safety, tolerability, and resistance data associated with maribavir therapy.
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Sahoo P, Dey J, Mahapatra SR, Ghosh A, Jaiswal A, Padhi S, Prabhuswamimath SC, Misra N, Suar M. Nanotechnology and COVID-19 Convergence: Toward New Planetary Health Interventions Against the Pandemic. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:473-488. [PMID: 36040392 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a systemic disease affecting multiple organ systems and caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic and after the introduction of several vaccines, the pandemic continues to evolve in part owing to global inequities in access to preventive and therapeutic measures. We are also witnessing the introduction of antivirals against COVID-19. Against this current background, we review the progress made with nanotechnology-based approaches such as nanoformulations to combat the multiorgan effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection from a systems medicine lens. While nanotechnology has previously been widely utilized in the antiviral research domain, it has not yet received the commensurate interest in the case of COVID-19 pandemic response strategies. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 and nanomaterials are similar in size ranging from 50 to 200 nm. Nanomaterials offer the promise to reduce the side effects of antiviral drugs, codeliver multiple drugs while maintaining stability in the biological milieu, and sustain the release of entrapped drug(s) for a predetermined time period, to name but a few conceivable scenarios, wherein nanotechnology can enable and empower preventive medicine and therapeutic innovations against SARS-CoV-2. We conclude the article by underlining that nanotechnology-based interventions warrant further consideration to enable precision planetary health responses against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanan Sahoo
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dey
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mahapatra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arpan Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Aryan Jaiswal
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Santwana Padhi
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Samudyata C Prabhuswamimath
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Namrata Misra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Goharshadi EK, Goharshadi K, Moghayedi M. The use of nanotechnology in the fight against viruses: A critical review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Iketani S, Hong SJ, Sheng J, Bahari F, Culbertson B, Atanaki FF, Aditham AK, Kratz AF, Luck MI, Tian R, Goff SP, Montazeri H, Sabo Y, Ho DD, Chavez A. The Functional Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.06.23.497404. [PMID: 35860222 PMCID: PMC9298129 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.23.497404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) as the etiologic agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has drastically altered life globally. Numerous efforts have been placed on the development of therapeutics to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. One particular target is the 3CL protease (3CL pro ), which holds promise as it is essential to the virus and highly conserved among coronaviruses, suggesting that it may be possible to find broad inhibitors that treat not just SARS-CoV-2 but other coronavirus infections as well. While the 3CL protease has been studied by many groups for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, our understanding of its tolerance to mutations is limited, knowledge which is particularly important as 3CL protease inhibitors become utilized clinically. Here, we develop a yeast-based deep mutational scanning approach to systematically profile the activity of all possible single mutants of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro , and validate our results both in yeast and in authentic viruses. We reveal that the 3CL pro is highly malleable and is capable of tolerating mutations throughout the protein, including within the substrate binding pocket. Yet, we also identify specific residues that appear immutable for function of the protease, suggesting that these interactions may be novel targets for the design of future 3CL pro inhibitors. Finally, we utilize our screening results as a basis to identify E166V as a resistance-conferring mutation against the therapeutic 3CL pro inhibitor, nirmatrelvir, in clinical use. Collectively, the functional map presented herein may serve as a guide for further understanding of the biological properties of the 3CL protease and for drug development for current and future coronavirus pandemics.
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Chatterjee B, Thakur SS. Remdesivir and Its Combination With Repurposed Drugs as COVID-19 Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830990. [PMID: 35634324 PMCID: PMC9134007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus needs multiple copies for its multiplication using an enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Remdesivir inhibits viral RdRp, controls the multiplication of the virus, and protects patients. However, treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir involves adverse effects. Many ongoing clinical trials are exploring the potential of the combination of remdesivir with repurposed drugs by targeting multiple targets of virus and host human simultaneously. Better results were obtained with the remdesivir–baricitinib combination treatment for COVID-19 compared to the treatment with remdesivir alone. Notably, recovery from COVID-19 was found to be 8 days less via the remdesivir–baricitinib combination treatment as compared to remdesivir treatment alone. Furthermore, the mortality rate via the remdesivir–baricitinib combination treatment was lower compared to the remdesivir-only treatment. Remdesivir targets the SARS-CoV-2 enzyme while baricitinib targets the host human enzyme. Simultaneously, remdesivir and baricitinib as a combination inhibit their target viral RdRp and human Janus kinase, respectively. Ongoing trials for the combination of drugs will suggest in the future whether they may reduce the recovery time, reduce the mortality rate, and improve patient clinical status for noninvasive ventilation. In the future, simultaneously targeting virus replication enzymes and host human kinases may be the strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chatterjee
- Chemical Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Bhaswati Chatterjee, ; Suman S. Thakur,
| | - Suman S. Thakur
- Proteomics and Cell Signaling, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Bhaswati Chatterjee, ; Suman S. Thakur,
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21
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Lloyd MG, Yee MB, Flot JS, Liu D, Geiler BW, Kinchington PR, Moffat JF. Development of Robust Varicella Zoster Virus Luciferase Reporter Viruses for In Vivo Monitoring of Virus Growth and Its Antiviral Inhibition in Culture, Skin, and Humanized Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:826. [PMID: 35458556 PMCID: PMC9032946 DOI: 10.3390/v14040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continued need to understand varicella-zoster virus (VZV) pathogenesis and to develop more effective antivirals, as it causes chickenpox and zoster. As a human-restricted alphaherpesvirus, the use of human skin in culture and mice is critical in order to reveal the important VZV genes that are required for pathogenesis but that are not necessarily observed in the cell culture. We previously used VZV-expressing firefly luciferase (fLuc), under the control of the constitutively active SV40 promoter (VZV-BAC-Luc), to measure the VZV spread in the same sample. However, the fLuc expression was independent of viral gene expression and viral DNA replication programs. Here, we developed robust reporter VZV viruses by using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology, expressing luciferase from VZV-specific promoters. We also identified two spurious mutations in VZV-BAC that were corrected for maximum pathogenesis. VZV with fLuc driven by ORF57 showed superior growth in cells, human skin explants, and skin xenografts in mice. The ORF57-driven luciferase activity had a short half-life in the presence of foscarnet. This background was then used to investigate the roles for ORF36 (thymidine kinase (TK)) and ORF13 (thymidylate synthase (TS)) in skin. The studies reveal that VZV-∆TS had increased sensitivity to brivudine and was highly impaired for skin replication. This is the first report of a phenotype that is associated with the loss of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
| | - Michael B. Yee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.B.Y.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Joseph S. Flot
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.B.Y.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
| | - Brittany W. Geiler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
| | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.B.Y.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Jennifer F. Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
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22
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Lloyd M, Liu D, Lyu J, Fan J, Overhulse J, Kashemirov B, Prichard M, McKenna C, Moffat J. An acyclic phosphonate prodrug of HPMPC is effective against VZV in skin organ culture and mice. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Feltrin C, Oliveira Simões CM, Marques Sincero TC. Development of a cell-based reporter assay for detection of Human alphaherpesviruses. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 62:101806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Fang CY, Liu CC. Novel strategies for the development of hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccines and antiviral therapies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:27-39. [PMID: 34382876 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1965987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) poses a great threat to young children in the Asia-Pacific region. HFMD is usually caused by enterovirus A, and infection with enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is particularly associated with severe complications. However, coxsackievirus CV-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10 pandemics have been observed in recent HFMD outbreaks. Inactivated monovalent EV-A71 vaccines are available to prevent EV-A71 infection; however, they cannot prevent infections by non-EV-A71 enteroviruses. Anti-enteroviral drugs are still in the developmental stage. Application of novel strategies will facilitate the development of new therapies against these emerging HFMD-associated enteroviruses. AREAS COVERED The authors highlight the current approaches for anti-enterovirus therapeutic development and discuss the application of these novel strategies for the discovery of vaccines and antiviral drugs for enteroviruses. EXPERT OPINION The maturation of DNA/RNA vaccine technology could be applied for rapid and robust development of multivalent enterovirus vaccines. Structure biology and neutralization antibody studies decipher the immunodominant sites of enteroviruses for vaccine design. Nucleotide aptamer library screening is a novel, fast, and cost-effective strategy for the development of antiviral agents. Animal models carrying viral receptors and attachment factors are required for enterovirus study and vaccine/antiviral development. Currently developed antivirals require effectiveness evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yeu Fang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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25
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Multidrug resistance crisis during COVID-19 pandemic: Role of anti-microbial peptides as next-generation therapeutics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112303. [PMID: 34952285 PMCID: PMC8685351 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decreasing effectiveness of conventional drugs due to multidrug-resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community, necessitating development of novel antimicrobial agents. In the present era of coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients are being widely exposed to antimicrobial drugs and hence the problem of multidrug-resistance shall be aggravated in the days to come. Consequently, revisiting the phenomena of multidrug resistance leading to formulation of effective antimicrobial agents is the need of the hour. As a result, this review sheds light on the looming crisis of multidrug resistance in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the problem, significance and approaches for tackling microbial resistance with special emphasis on anti-microbial peptides as next-generation therapeutics against multidrug resistance associated diseases. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit exceptional mechanism of action enabling rapid killing of microbes at low concentration, antibiofilm activity, immunomodulatory properties along with a low tendency for resistance development providing them an edge over conventional antibiotics. The review is unique as it discusses the mode of action, pharmacodynamic properties and application of antimicrobial peptides in areas ranging from therapeutics to agriculture.
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26
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Nath P, Chauhan NR, Jena KK, Datey A, Kumar ND, Mehto S, De S, Nayak TK, Priyadarsini S, Rout K, Bal R, Murmu KC, Kalia M, Patnaik S, Prasad P, Reggiori F, Chattopadhyay S, Chauhan S. Inhibition of IRGM establishes a robust antiviral immune state to restrict pathogenic viruses. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52948. [PMID: 34467632 PMCID: PMC8567234 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) response is the major host arsenal against invading viruses. IRGM is a negative regulator of IFN responses under basal conditions. However, the role of human IRGM during viral infection has remained unclear. In this study, we show that IRGM expression is increased upon viral infection. IFN responses induced by viral PAMPs are negatively regulated by IRGM. Conversely, IRGM depletion results in a robust induction of key viral restriction factors including IFITMs, APOBECs, SAMHD1, tetherin, viperin, and HERC5/6. Additionally, antiviral processes such as MHC‐I antigen presentation and stress granule signaling are enhanced in IRGM‐deficient cells, indicating a robust cell‐intrinsic antiviral immune state. Consistently, IRGM‐depleted cells are resistant to the infection with seven viruses from five different families, including Togaviridae, Herpesviridae, Flaviviverdae, Rhabdoviridae, and Coronaviridae. Moreover, we show that Irgm1 knockout mice are highly resistant to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Altogether, our work highlights IRGM as a broad therapeutic target to promote defense against a large number of human viruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2, CHIKV, and Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parej Nath
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nishant Ranjan Chauhan
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kautilya Kumar Jena
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ankita Datey
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Subhash Mehto
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Saikat De
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Nayak
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Swatismita Priyadarsini
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kshitish Rout
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ramyasingh Bal
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Krushna C Murmu
- Epigenetic and Chromatin Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manjula Kalia
- Virology Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Punit Prasad
- Epigenetic and Chromatin Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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27
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Huang A, Wang S, Guo J, Gu Y, Li J, Huang L, Wang X, Tao Y, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Hao H. Prudent Use of Tylosin for Treatment of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Based on Its Clinical Breakpoint and Lung Microbiota Shift. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712473. [PMID: 34566919 PMCID: PMC8458857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the prudent use of tylosin for the treatment of chronic respiratory infectious diseases in chickens caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) based on its clinical breakpoint (CBP) and its effect on lung microbiota. The CBP was established based on the wild-type/epidemiological cutoff value (COWT/ECV), pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) cutoff value (COPD), and clinical cutoff value (COCL) of tylosin against MG. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tylosin against 111 MG isolates was analyzed and the COWT was 2 μg/ml. M17 with MIC of 2 μg/ml was selected as a representative strain for the PK-PD study. The COPD of tylosin against MG was 1 μg/ml. The dosage regimen formulated by the PK-PD study was 3 days administration of tylosin at a dose of 45.88 mg/kg b.w. with a 24-h interval. Five different MIC MGs were selected for clinical trial, and the COCL of tylosin against MG was 0.5 μg/ml. According to the CLSI decision tree, the CBP of tylosin against MG was set up as 2 μg/ml. The effect of tylosin on lung microbiota of MG-infected chickens was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant change of the lung microbiota was observed in the infection group and treatment group based on the principal coordinate analysis and the Venn diagrams of the core and unique OTU. The phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria showed difference after MG infection and treatment. This study established the CBP of tylosin against MG. It also provided scientific data for the prudent use of tylosin based on the evaluation of MG infection and tylosin treatment on the lung microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxiong Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuge Wang
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Gu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Brunotte L, Zheng S, Mecate-Zambrano A, Tang J, Ludwig S, Rescher U, Schloer S. Combination Therapy with Fluoxetine and the Nucleoside Analog GS-441524 Exerts Synergistic Antiviral Effects against Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091400. [PMID: 34575474 PMCID: PMC8466181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires efficient and safe antiviral treatment strategies. Drug repurposing represents a fast and low-cost approach to the development of new medical treatment options. The direct antiviral agent remdesivir has been reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Whereas remdesivir only has a very short half-life time and a bioactivation, which relies on pro-drug activating enzymes, its plasma metabolite GS-441524 can be activated through various kinases including the adenosine kinase (ADK) that is moderately expressed in all tissues. The pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 argue for a suitable antiviral drug that can be given to patients with COVID-19. Here, we analyzed the antiviral property of a combined treatment with the remdesivir metabolite GS-441524 and the antidepressant fluoxetine in a polarized Calu-3 cell culture model against SARS-CoV-2. The combined treatment with GS-441524 and fluoxetine were well-tolerated and displayed synergistic antiviral effects against three circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro in the commonly used reference models for drug interaction. Thus, combinatory treatment with the virus-targeting GS-441524 and the host-directed drug fluoxetine might offer a suitable therapeutic treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (S.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Angeles Mecate-Zambrano
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (S.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Institut-Associated Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Schloer
- Institut-Associated Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2518352113; Fax: +49-2518356748
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29
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Álvarez-Viñas M, Souto S, Flórez-Fernández N, Torres MD, Bandín I, Domínguez H. Antiviral Activity of Carrageenans and Processing Implications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:437. [PMID: 34436276 PMCID: PMC8400836 DOI: 10.3390/md19080437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. They also exhibit other interesting biological properties and can be used to prepare different drug delivery systems for controlled administration. The most active forms are λ-, ι-, and κ-carrageenans, the degree and sulfation position being determined in their properties. They can be obtained from sustainable worldwide available resources and the influence of manufacturing on composition, structure, and antiviral properties should be considered. This review presents a survey of the antiviral properties of carrageenan in relation to the processing conditions, particularly those assisted by intensification technologies during the extraction stage, and discusses the possibility of further chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Álvarez-Viñas
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Sandra Souto
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Noelia Flórez-Fernández
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Maria Dolores Torres
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
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30
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Samies NL, James SH, Kimberlin DW. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Disease: Updates and Continued Challenges. Clin Perinatol 2021; 48:263-274. [PMID: 34030813 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article defines neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease and describes the progress over the past 40 years that has revolutionized the management of HSV disease in neonates to improve their outcomes. These advancements include the introduction of acyclovir in the 1980s, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HSV DNA in the 1990s, and recommendations on managing infants born to mothers with active genital lesions. Despite these advancements, however, there remain high morbidity and mortality in affected neonates, with need for continued improvement. Areas of high interest include vaccine development and rapid PCR detection at time of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Samies
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's Harbor Building 308, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233-1711, USA.
| | - Scott H James
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's Harbor Building 308, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233-1711, USA
| | - David W Kimberlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's Harbor Building 308, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233-1711, USA
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31
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Leidner F, Yilmaz NK, Schiffer CA. Deciphering Complex Mechanisms of Resistance and Loss of Potency through Coupled Molecular Dynamics and Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2054-2064. [PMID: 33783217 PMCID: PMC8164521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance threatens many critical therapeutics through mutations in the drug target. The molecular mechanisms by which combinations of mutations, especially those remote from the active site, alter drug binding to confer resistance are poorly understood and thus difficult to counteract. A machine learning strategy was developed that coupled parallel molecular dynamics simulations with experimental potency to identify specific conserved mechanisms underlying resistance. Physical features were extracted from the simulations, analyzed, and integrated into one consistent and interpretable elastic network model. To rigorously test this strategy, HIV-1 protease variants with diverse mutations were used, with potencies ranging from picomolar to micromolar to the drug darunavir. Feature reduction resulted in a model with four specific features that predicts for both the training and test sets inhibitor binding free energy within 1 kcal/mol of the experimental value over this entire range of potency. These predictive features are physically interpretable, as they vary specifically with affinity and diagonally transverse across the protease homodimer. This physics-based strategy of parallel molecular dynamics and machine learning captures mechanisms by which complex combinations of mutations confer resistance and identify critical features that serve as bellwethers of affinity, which will be critical in future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Leidner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Nese Kurt Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Celia A. Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Schloer S, Brunotte L, Mecate-Zambrano A, Zheng S, Tang J, Ludwig S, Rescher U. Drug synergy of combinatory treatment with remdesivir and the repurposed drugs fluoxetine and itraconazole effectively impairs SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2339-2350. [PMID: 33825201 PMCID: PMC8251190 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic and the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) urgently call for efficient and safe antiviral treatment strategies. A straightforward approach to speed up drug development at lower costs is drug repurposing. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting the interface of SARS CoV‐2 with the host via repurposing of clinically licensed drugs and evaluated their use in combinatory treatments with virus‐ and host‐directed drugs in vitro. Experimental Approach We tested the antiviral potential of the antifungal itraconazole and the antidepressant fluoxetine on the production of infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 particles in the polarized Calu‐3 cell culture model and evaluated the added benefit of a combinatory use of these host‐directed drugs with the direct acting antiviral remdesivir, an inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Key Results Drug treatments were well‐tolerated and potently impaired viral replication. Importantly, both itraconazole–remdesivir and fluoxetine–remdesivir combinations inhibited the production of infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 particles > 90% and displayed synergistic effects, as determined in commonly used reference models for drug interaction. Conclusion and Implications Itraconazole–remdesivir and fluoxetine–remdesivir combinations are promising starting points for therapeutic options to control SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and severe progression of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schloer
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and "Cells in Motion" Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and "Cells in Motion" Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Angeles Mecate-Zambrano
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and "Cells in Motion" Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and "Cells in Motion" Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and "Cells in Motion" Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Kumar M, Mazumder P, Mohapatra S, Kumar Thakur A, Dhangar K, Taki K, Mukherjee S, Kumar Patel A, Bhattacharya P, Mohapatra P, Rinklebe J, Kitajima M, Hai FI, Khursheed A, Furumai H, Sonne C, Kuroda K. A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Seasonality, environmental fate, transport, inactivation, and antiviral drug resistance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124043. [PMID: 33268203 PMCID: PMC7536132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present the environmental perspectives of the viruses and antiviral drugs related to SARS-CoV-2. The present review paper discusses occurrence, fate, transport, susceptibility, and inactivation mechanisms of viruses in the environment as well as environmental occurrence and fate of antiviral drugs, and prospects (prevalence and occurrence) of antiviral drug resistance (both antiviral drug resistant viruses and antiviral resistance in the human). During winter, the number of viral disease cases and environmental occurrence of antiviral drug surge due to various biotic and abiotic factors such as transmission pathways, human behaviour, susceptibility, and immunity as well as cold climatic conditions. Adsorption and persistence critically determine the fate and transport of viruses in the environment. Inactivation and disinfection of virus include UV, alcohol, and other chemical-base methods but the susceptibility of virus against these methods varies. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reserviors of antiviral drugs and their metabolites and transformation products. Ecotoxicity of antiviral drug residues against aquatic organisms have been reported, however more threatening is the development of antiviral resistance, both in humans and in wild animal reservoirs. In particular, emergence of antiviral drug-resistant viruses via exposure of wild animals to high loads of antiviral residues during the current pandemic needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India.
| | - Payal Mazumder
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- Environmnetal Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Alok Kumar Thakur
- Discipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India
| | - Kiran Dhangar
- Discipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India
| | - Kaling Taki
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Discipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India
| | - Arbind Kumar Patel
- Discipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pranab Mohapatra
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, India
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, University of Sejong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Wollongong, Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroaki Furumai
- Research Centre for Water Environment Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 9390398, Japan
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Mi K, Sun D, Li M, Hao H, Zhou K, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Huang L. Evidence for Establishing the Clinical Breakpoint of Cefquinome against Haemophilus Parasuis in China. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020105. [PMID: 33498972 PMCID: PMC7912692 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis can cause high morbidity and mortality in swine. Cefquinome possesses excellent antibacterial activity against pathogens causing diseases of the respiratory tract. This study aimed to establish the clinical breakpoint (CBP) of cefquinome against H. parasuis and to monitor the resistance change. Referring to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution of cefquinome against 131 H. parasuis isolates, the MIC50 and MIC90 were determined to be 0.125 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. And the epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) value was 1 μg/mL. HPS42 was selected as a representative strain for the pharmacodynamic (PD) experiment, pharmacokinetic (PK) experiment and clinical experiments. The PK/PD index values, area under concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC, of the bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and bacterial elimination effects were 23, 41, and 51 h, respectively. The PK/PD cutoff was calculated as 0.125 μg/mL by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and the clinical cutoff was 0.25−4 μg/mL by WindoW. Combing these three values, the CBP of cefquinome against H. parasuis was found to be 1 μg/mL. In conclusion, this was the first study to integrate various cutoffs to establish the CBP in the laboratory. It is helpful to distinguish wild type H. parasuis and reduce the probability of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430000, China; (K.M.); (D.S.); (H.H.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Da Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430000, China; (K.M.); (D.S.); (H.H.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Mei Li
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430000, China; (K.M.); (D.S.); (H.H.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430000, China; (K.M.); (D.S.); (H.H.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430000, China; (K.M.); (D.S.); (H.H.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430000, China; (K.M.); (D.S.); (H.H.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence:
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Ramoso AM, Magalang JA, Sánchez-Taltavull D, Esguerra JP, Roldán É. Stochastic resetting antiviral therapies prevent drug resistance development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/132/50003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Synthesis of non-nucleoside anti-viral cyclopropylcarboxacyl hydrazones and initial anti-HSV-1 structure-activity relationship studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127559. [PMID: 32961320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a lead anti-viral cyclopropyl carboxy acyl hydrazone 4F17 (5) and three sequential arrays of structural analogues along with the initial assessment and optimization of the antiviral pharmacophore against the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are reported.
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37
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Yi M, Lin S, Zhang B, Jin H, Ding L. Antiviral potential of natural products from marine microbes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112790. [PMID: 32937282 PMCID: PMC7457942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans have been suffered from viral infections over the centuries, such as influenza, HSV, and HIV, which have killed millions of people worldwide. However, the availability of effective treatments for infectious diseases remains limited until now, as most of the viral pathogens resisted to many medical treatments. Marine microbes are currently one of the most copious sources of pharmacologically active natural products, which have constantly provided promising antivirus agents. To date, a large number of marine microbial secondary metabolites with antiviral activities have been widely reported. In this review, we have summarized the potential antivirus compounds from marine microorganisms over the last decade. In addition, the structures, bioactivities, and origins of these compounds were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yi
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Sixiao Lin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Haixiao Jin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Lijian Ding
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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38
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A disclosure of hidden secrets in human cytomegalovirus: An in-silico study of identification of novel genes and their analysis for vaccine development. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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McHugh KJ. Employing drug delivery strategies to create safe and effective pharmaceuticals for COVID-19. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10163. [PMID: 32440566 PMCID: PMC7235503 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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40
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Perera KD, Rathnayake AD, Liu H, Pedersen NC, Groutas WC, Chang KO, Kim Y. Characterization of amino acid substitutions in feline coronavirus 3C-like protease from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis treated with a protease inhibitor. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108398. [PMID: 31585653 PMCID: PMC6779346 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a highly fatal disease caused by a virulent feline coronavirus in domestic and wild cats. We have previously reported the synthesis of potent coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors and the efficacy of a protease inhibitor, GC376, in client-owned cats with FIP. In this study, we studied the effect of the amino acid changes in 3CLpro of feline coronavirus from a feline patient who received antiviral treatment for prolonged duration. We generated recombinant 3CLpro containing the identified amino acid changes (N25S, A252S or K260 N) and determined their susceptibility to protease inhibitors in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The assay showed that N25S in 3CLpro confers a small change (up to 1.68-fold increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration) in susceptibility to GC376, but other amino acid changes do not affect susceptibility. Modelling of 3CLpro carrying the amino acid changes was conducted to probe the structural basis for these findings. The results of this study may explain the observed absence of clinical resistance to the long-term antiviral treatment in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishani Dinali Perera
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Hongwei Liu
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Niels C Pedersen
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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41
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Chibanga VP, Dirr L, Guillon P, El-Deeb IM, Bailly B, Thomson RJ, von Itzstein M. New antiviral approaches for human parainfluenza: Inhibiting the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase. Antiviral Res 2019; 167:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Tavakoli A, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Mm Sadeghi G, Bokharaei-Salim F, Sahrapour P, Kiani SJ, Moghoofei M, Farahmand M, Javanmard D, Monavari SH. Polyethylene glycol-coated zinc oxide nanoparticle: an efficient nanoweapon to fight against herpes simplex virus type 1. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2675-2690. [PMID: 30346253 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine the possible inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated ZnO-NPs (ZnO-PEG-NPs) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). MATERIALS & METHODS PEGylated ZnO-NPs were synthesized by the mechanical method. Antiviral activity was assessed by 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and real-time PCR assays. To confirm the antiviral activity of ZnO-NPs on expression of HSV-1 antigens, indirect immunofluorescence assay was also conducted. RESULTS 200 μg/ml ZnO-PEG-NPs could result in 2.5 log10 TCID50 reduction in virus titer, with inhibition rate of approximately 92% in copy number of HSV-1 genomic DNA. CONCLUSION ZnO-PEG-NPs could be proposed as a new agent for efficient HSV-1 inhibition. Our results indicated that PEGylation is effective in reducing cytotoxicity and increasing antiviral activity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Angila Ataei-Pirkooh
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Gity Mm Sadeghi
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Peyman Sahrapour
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Seyed J Kiani
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6716777816, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Davod Javanmard
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Seyed H Monavari
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
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Poole CL, James SH. Antiviral Therapies for Herpesviruses: Current Agents and New Directions. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1282-1298. [PMID: 30104016 PMCID: PMC7728158 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this review was to summarize the recent literature describing the current burden of disease due to herpesviruses in the antiviral and transplant era; describe mechanisms of action of antiviral agents and the development of resistance; summarize the literature of recent antiviral agents brought to market as well as agents under development; and to present literature on future strategies for herpesvirus therapeutics. METHODS An extensive search of the medical literature related to antiherpesviral therapy was conducted to compose this narrative review. Literature searches were performed via PubMed and ultimately 137 articles were included as most relevant to the scope of this article. FINDINGS Herpesviruses are a family of DNA viruses that are ubiquitous throughout human populations and share the feature of establishing lifelong infections in a latent phase with the potential of periodic reactivation. With the exception of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus, which have a significant disease burden in individuals with normal immune function, the morbidity and mortality of the remaining viruses are primarily associated with the immunocompromised host. Over the last half-century, several agents have been tested in large randomized, placebo-controlled trials that have resulted in safe and effective antiviral agents for the treatment of many of these infections. IMPLICATIONS With increasing use of antiherpesviral agents for extended periods, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, the emergence of resistant viruses has necessitated the development of newer agents with novel targets and better side-effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudette L Poole
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Scott H James
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Choi YM, Lee SY, Kim BJ. Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase mutations related to potential antiviral drug resistance and liver disease progression. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1708-1724. [PMID: 29713126 PMCID: PMC5922991 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The annual number of deaths caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is estimated as 887000. The reported prevalence of HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation prior to treatment is varied and the impact of preexisting mutations on the treatment of naïve patients remains controversial, and primarily depends on geographic factors, HBV genotypes, HBeAg serostatus, HBV viral loads, disease progression, intergenotypic recombination and co-infection with HIV. Different sensitivity of detection methodology used could also affect their prevalence results. Several genotype-dependent HBV RT positions that can affect the emergence of drug resistance have also been reported. Eight mutations in RT (rtL80I, rtD134N, rtN139K/T/H, rtY141F, rtM204I/V, rtF221Y, rtI224V, and rtM309K) are significantly associated with HCC progression. HBeAg-negative status, low viral load, and genotype C infection are significantly related to a higher frequency and prevalence of preexisting RT mutations. Preexisting mutations are most frequently found in the A-B interdomain of RT which overlaps with the HBsAg “a” determinant region, mutations of which can lead to simultaneous viral immune escape. In conclusion, the presence of baseline RT mutations can affect drug treatment outcomes and disease progression in HBV-infected populations via modulation of viral fitness and host-immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
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Llano M, Peña-Hernandez MA. Defining Pharmacological Targets by Analysis of Virus-Host Protein Interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 111:223-242. [PMID: 29459033 PMCID: PMC6322211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on cellular factors for replication. Pharmacological inhibition of essential viral proteins, mostly enzymes, is an effective therapeutic alternative in the absence of effective vaccines. However, this strategy commonly encounters drug resistance mechanisms that allow these pathogens to evade control. Due to the dependency on host factors for viral replication, pharmacological disruption of the host-pathogen protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is an important therapeutic alternative to block viral replication. In this review we discuss salient aspects of PPIs implicated in viral replication and advances in the development of small molecules that inhibit viral replication through antagonism of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Llano
- University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
| | - Mario A Peña-Hernandez
- University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States; Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
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Efficacy of Tilorone Dihydrochloride against Ebola Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01711-17. [PMID: 29133569 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01711-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilorone dihydrochloride (tilorone) is a small-molecule, orally bioavailable drug that is used clinically as an antiviral outside the United States. A machine-learning model trained on anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) screening data previously identified tilorone as a potent in vitro EBOV inhibitor, making it a candidate for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). In the present study, a series of in vitro ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) assays demonstrated the drug has excellent solubility, high Caco-2 permeability, was not a P-glycoprotein substrate, and had no inhibitory activity against five human CYP450 enzymes (3A4, 2D6, 2C19, 2C9, and 1A2). Tilorone was shown to have 52% human plasma protein binding with excellent plasma stability and a mouse liver microsome half-life of 48 min. Dose range-finding studies in mice demonstrated a maximum tolerated single dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. A pharmacokinetics study in mice at 2- and 10-mg/kg dose levels showed that the drug is rapidly absorbed, has dose-dependent increases in maximum concentration of unbound drug in plasma and areas under the concentration-time curve, and has a half-life of approximately 18 h in both males and females, although the exposure was ∼2.5-fold higher in male mice. Tilorone doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg proved efficacious in protecting 90% of mice from a lethal challenge with mouse-adapted with once-daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) dosing for 8 days. A subsequent study showed that 30 mg/kg/day of tilorone given i.p. starting 2 or 24 h postchallenge and continuing through day 7 postinfection was fully protective, indicating promising activity for the treatment of EVD.
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Aderibigbe BA. Metal-Based Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:E1370. [PMID: 28820471 PMCID: PMC6152252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases can be transmitted and they cause a significant burden on public health globally. They are the greatest world killers and it is estimated that they are responsible for the demise of over 17 million people annually. The impact of these diseases is greater in the developing countries. People with compromised immune systems and children are the most affected. Infectious diseases may be caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The treatment of infectious diseases is hampered by simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs, indicating that there is a serious and pressing need to develop new therapeutics that can overcome drug resistance. This review will focus on the recent reports of metal-based nanoparticles that are potential therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases and their biological efficacy (in vitro and in vivo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
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Bauters T, Bordon V, Florin L, Padalko E, Andrei G, Gillemot S, Fiten P, Opdenakker G, Snoeck R, Laureys G. Multidrug-resistant cytomegalovirus infection in a pediatric stem cell transplantation patient. Antiviral Res 2016; 132:149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McClain L, Zhi Y, Cheng H, Ghosh A, Piazza P, Yee MB, Kumar S, Milosevic J, Bloom DC, Arav-Boger R, Kinchington PR, Yolken R, Nimgaonkar V, D'Aiuto L. Broad-spectrum non-nucleoside inhibitors of human herpesviruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 121:16-23. [PMID: 26079681 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herpesvirus infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality through lifelong recurrent cycles of lytic and latent infection in several tissues, including the human nervous system. Acyclovir (ACV) and its prodrug, the current antivirals of choice for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and, to some extent, varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections are nucleoside analogues that inhibit viral DNA replication. Rising viral resistance and the need for more effective second-line drugs have motivated searches for additional antiviral agents, particularly non-nucleoside based agents. We evaluated the antiviral activity of five compounds with predicted lysosomotropic activity using conventional and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal (iPSC-neurons) cultures. Their potency and toxicity were compared with ACV and the lysosomotropic agents chloroquine and bafilomycin A1. Out of five compounds tested, micromolar concentrations of 30N12, 16F19, and 4F17 showed antiviral activity comparable to ACV (50μM) during lytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections, reduced viral DNA copy number, and reduced selected HSV-1 protein levels. These compounds also inhibited the reactivation of 'quiescent' HSV-1 infection established in iPSC-neurons, but did not inhibit viral entry into host cells. The same compounds had greater potency than ACV against lytic VZV infection; they also inhibited replication of human cytomegalovirus. The anti-herpetic effects of these non-nucleoside agents merit further evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yun Zhi
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hoyee Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ayantika Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Piazza
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael B Yee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jadranka Milosevic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David C Bloom
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vishwajit Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo D'Aiuto
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Garnsey MR, Uteuliyev MM, Coltart DM. Asymmetric synthesis of structural analogues of (+)-clusianone via enantioselective ACC alkylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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