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Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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Kim E, Yang SM, Kwak HS, Moon BY, Lim SK, Kim HY. Genomic characteristics of cfr and fexA carrying Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pig carcasses in Korea. Vet Res 2024; 55:21. [PMID: 38365748 PMCID: PMC10874063 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of transferable linezolid resistance genes poses significant challenges to public health, as it does not only confer linezolid resistance but also reduces susceptibility to florfenicol, which is widely used in the veterinary field. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses and further clarified potential resistance and virulence mechanisms in a newly identified sequence type. Of more than 2500 strains isolated in a prior study, 15 isolated from pig carcasses exhibited linezolid resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 8 mg/L). The strains were characterized in detail by genomic analysis. Linezolid-resistant S. aureus strains exhibited a high degree of genetic lineage diversity, with one strain (LNZ_R_SAU_64) belonging to ST8004, which has not been reported previously. The 15 strains carried a total of 21 antibiotic resistance genes, and five carried mecA associated with methicillin resistance. All strains harbored cfr and fexA, which mediate resistance to linezolid, phenicol, and other antibiotics. Moreover, the strains carried enterotoxin gene clusters, including the hemolysin, leukotoxin, and protease genes, which are associated with humans or livestock. Some genes were predicted to be carried in plasmids or flanked by ISSau9 and the transposon Tn554, thus being transmittable between staphylococci. Strains carrying the plasmid replicon repUS5 displayed high sequence similarity (99%) to the previously reported strain pSA737 in human clinical samples in the United States. The results illustrate the need for continuous monitoring of the prevalence and transmission of linezolid-resistant S. aureus isolated from animals and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Kwak
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Qu L, Chai T, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Li N. Studies on the airborne bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes in duck houses based on metagenome and PCR analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103365. [PMID: 38157791 PMCID: PMC10790083 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is on the rise globally, especially with the development of animal husbandry and the increased demand for antibiotics. Livestock and poultry farms, as key sites for prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), can spread antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) through microbial aerosols and affect public health. In this study, total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and airborne culturable microorganisms were collected from duck houses in Tai'an, Shandong Province, and the bacterial communities and airborne ARGs were analyzed using metagenomics and PCR methods. The results showed that the bacterial communities in the air of duck houses were mainly Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobactria, Chlamydia, and Bcateroidetes at the phylum level. At the genus level, the air was dominated by Corynebacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, and Megacoccus, and contained some pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were also potential hosts for ARGs. The airborne ARGs were mainly macrolides (10.97%), penicillins (10.73%), cephalosporins (8.91%), streptozotocin (8.91%), and aminoglycosides (8.02%). PCR detected 27 ARGs in airborne culturable microorganisms, and comparative analysis between PCR and the metagenomic data revealed that a total of 9 ARGs were found to the same, including macrolides ErmA, ErmF, tetracyclines tetG, tetX, methicarbamazepines dfrA12, dfrA15, aminoglycosides APH3-VI, ANT2-Ⅰ, and sulfonamides sul2. Moreover, inhalation exposure modeling showed that the workers in duck houses inhaled higher concentrations of ARB, human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) and human pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (HPARB) than hospital workers. These results provide new insights into airborne microorganisms and ARGs in animal farms and lay the foundation for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaopeng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ziqiu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Jiang JH, Cameron DR, Nethercott C, Aires-de-Sousa M, Peleg AY. Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0014822. [PMID: 37982596 PMCID: PMC10732075 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, agr). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Cameron
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cara Nethercott
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institutode Tecnologia Químicae Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa-Lisboa (ESSCVP-Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Li X, Li G, Huang H, Wan P, Lu Y, Li Z, Xie L, Xiong W, Zeng Z. The occurrence and contamination of optrA-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from duck farms in Guangdong, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:86-92. [PMID: 37689309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important zoonotic microorganism that increasingly causes public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and transmission of S. aureus in duck farms and evaluate its antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics. METHODS The samples associated with ducks, feeders, and the environment were collected on 14 duck farms from four areas in Guangdong, China, from 2020 to 2021. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A comprehensive epidemiological survey of S. aureus was conducted by S. aureus protein A typing and whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS A total of 560 samples were collected. The prevalence rate of MRSA among ducks (8.1%, 11 of 135) was higher compared with that in environmental samples. OptrA-positive ST398-t034 MRSA were first detected from duck farms in China. A total of 79.3% (34 of 46) S. aureus isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Notably, some isolates carried multidrug-resistant genes encoding macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, pleuromutilin-pleuromutilin-streptogramin A, and oxazolidinone. Analysis of the virulence genes revealed that the MRSA isolates carried genes encoding gamma-hemolysin, enterotoxin, and leukocidin. ST9-t899 is a primary clonal lineage among duck- and environment-associated MRSA. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed the potential contamination relationship of optrA-positive ST2308 MRSA isolates carrying the gamma-hemolysin genes and the leukocidin virulence genes between airborne dust and sick ducks. CONCLUSION The contamination of MRSA, especially optrA-positive MRSA, between food animals and the environment is a growing public health concern worldwide. Based on One Health principles, continuous surveillance of MRSA is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang H, Wan P, Luo X, Lu Y, Li X, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Tigecycline Resistance-Associated Mutations in the MepA Efflux Pump in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0063423. [PMID: 37432114 PMCID: PMC10434020 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00634-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tigecycline is an important antibacterial drug for treating infection by clinical multidrug-resistant bacteria, and tigecycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (TRSA) has been increasingly reported in recent years. Notably, only rpsJ and mepA are associated with the tigecycline resistance of S. aureus. The mepA gene encodes MepA efflux pumps, and the overexpression of mepA has been confirmed to be directly related to tigecycline resistance. Although the mutations of MepA widely occur, the associations between TRSA and mutations of MepA are still unclear. In this study, we explored mutations in the mepA genes from various sources. Then, tigecycline resistance-associated mutations T29I, E287G, and T29I+E287G in MepA were identified, and their effects were evaluated through mutant deletion and complementation, tigecycline accumulation assay, and molecular docking experiments. Results showed that the MICs of tigecycline, gentamicin, and amikacin increased in special complementary transformants and recovered after the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The tigecycline accumulation assay of the mepA-deleted mutant strain and its complementary transformants showed that T29I, E287G, and T29I+E287G mutations promoted tigecycline efflux, and molecular docking showed that mutations T29I, E287G, and T29I+E287G decreased the binding energy and contributed to ligand binding. Moreover, we inferred the evolutionary trajectory of S. aureus under the selective pressure of tigecycline in vitro. Overall, our study indicated that mutations in MepA play important roles in tigecycline resistance in S. aureus. IMPORTANCE Previous analysis has shown that overexpression of MepA is an exact mechanism involved in tigecycline resistance apart from the rpsJ mutation and is usually dependent on the mutant mepR. However, no research has evaluated the effects of diverse mutations discovered in TRSA in MepA. This study demonstrates that the mutations in MepA confer resistance to tigecycline without overexpression and provides genotypic references for identifying TRSA. Although tigecycline resistance-associated mutations in MepA identified in this study have not been observed in clinical isolates, the mechanism should be explored given that S. aureus strains are prevalent in the environment. Measures should be implemented to contain TRSA within the time window before tigecycline resistance-associated mutations in MepA are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang H, Zhang L, Shang W, Li Z, Song L, Li T, Cheng M, Zhang C, Zhao Q, Shen S, Cui M. Molecular Surveillance of MRSA in Raw Milk Provides Insight into MRSA Cross Species Evolution. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0031123. [PMID: 37260406 PMCID: PMC10433870 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00311-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in foods has been associated with severe infections in humans and animals worldwide. In the present study, the molecular characteristics of livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and human-associated MRSA (hMRSA) isolates obtained in China, as well as MRSA isolates obtained from raw milk in 2018, were investigated. In total, 343 (20.38%; 343/1,683) S. aureus isolates were obtained from 1,683 raw milk samples from 100 dairy farms in 11 provinces across China. Among these, 49 (2.91%; 49/1,683) were mecA-positive MRSA. All LA-MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin and highly resistant to erythromycin, sulfisoxazole, and clindamycin. Bioinformatic analysis the 49 genomes of LA-MRSA and 71 previously published hMRSA genomes isolated from Chinese individuals in 2018 indicated that blaZ, erm, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, tet(K), cat, and aph(2″)-Ia were more prevalent in MRSA from raw milk (P < 0.05) compared to hMRSA. Additionally, hMRSA isolates were more significantly associated with ST5 (P < 0.01) compared to LA-MRSA; in contrast, ST338 was more prevalent among LA-MRSA isolates (P < 0.01). Likewise, the SCCmec type II was only detected in hMRSA isolates, whereas SCCmec type V and IV were more prevalent among LA-MRSA (P < 0.01). Furthermore, core-genome phylogenetic analysis showed the endemic characteristics of LA-MRSA in local provinces, as well as the close evolutionary relationships between MRSA from cattle and humans. Finally, homology analysis of mecA and blaZ genetic contexts revealed a high possibility of horizontal transmission of MRSA resistance genes among raw milk-associated and hMRSA strains, which increases the risk for public health. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered a public health concern as it is resistant to multiple antibiotics, thus being in zoonotic transmission of antibiotic resistance genes. MRSA causes serious public health issues and leads to hard-to-treat infections in humans and animals; therefore, it was meaningful to determine the prevalence of MRSA in raw milk samples and investigate phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics in livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and human-associated MRSA (hMRSA) in China, which could provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the spread of MRSA between livestock and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- College of Agricultural Standardization, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shang
- No.988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Cheng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Shen
- Shandong Provincial Hospital (Group) Ludong Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Cui
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
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Kansaen R, Boueroy P, Hatrongjit R, Kamjumphol W, Kerdsin A, Chopjitt P. The Occurrence and Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Isolates from Foods and Containers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1287. [PMID: 37627707 PMCID: PMC10451473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as an urgent global public health issue that requires immediate attention. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) is a major problem, as it may cause serious human and animal infections, eventually resulting in death. This study determined the proportional distribution, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of mecA- or mecC-carrying staphylococci isolated from food chain products. A total of 230 samples were taken from meat, food, fermented food, and food containers. Overall, 13.9% (32/230) of the samples were identified to have Staphylococcus aureus isolates; of those, 3.9% (9/230) were MRS, with eight mecA-positive and one mecC-positive samples, and 1.3% (3/230) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA strains belonging to three sequence types (ST9, ST22, and a newly identified ST), three different spa types (T005, t526, and a newly identified type), and three different SCCmec types (IV, V, and an unidentified SCCmec) were detected. Additionally, eight mecA-positive staphylococcal isolates were identified as S. haemolyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, and S. warneri, while the mecC-harboring isolate was S. xylosus. The enterotoxin gene, SEm, was detected at 1.56% in S. aureus, whereas SEq was detected at 0.31%, and SEi was also found in MRSA. Our study emphasizes the importance of enhanced hygiene standards in reducing the risk of occupational and foodborne MRSA infections associated with the handling or consumption of meat, food, and preserved food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Kansaen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Watcharaporn Kamjumphol
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
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9
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Krüger-Haker H, Ji X, Hanke D, Fiedler S, Feßler AT, Jiang N, Kaspar H, Wang Y, Wu C, Schwarz S. Genomic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates Collected from Diseased Swine in the German National Resistance Monitoring Program GE RM-Vet from 2007 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0077023. [PMID: 37154741 PMCID: PMC10269607 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00770-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) clonal complex 398 (CC398) isolates (n = 178) collected in the national resistance monitoring program GERM-Vet from diseased swine in Germany from 2007 to 2019 were investigated for their genomic diversity with a focus on virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits. Whole-genome sequencing was followed by molecular typing and sequence analysis. A minimum spanning tree based on core-genome multilocus sequence typing was constructed, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Most isolates were assigned to nine clusters. They displayed close phylogenetic relationships but a wide molecular variety, including 13 spa types and 19 known and four novel dru types. Several toxin-encoding genes, including eta, seb, sek, sep, and seq, were detected. The isolates harbored a wide range of AMR properties mirroring the proportions of the classes of antimicrobial agents applied in veterinary medicine in Germany. Multiple novel or rare AMR genes were identified, including the phenicol-lincosamide-oxazolidinone-pleuromutilin-streptogramin A resistance gene cfr, the lincosamide-pleuromutilin-streptogramin A resistance gene vga(C), and the novel macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene erm(54). Many AMR genes were part of small transposons or plasmids. Clonal and geographical correlations of molecular characteristics and resistance and virulence genes were more frequently observed than temporal relations. In conclusion, this study provides insight into population dynamics of the main epidemic porcine LA-MRSA lineage in Germany over a 13-year-period. The observed comprehensive AMR and virulence properties, most likely resulting from the exchange of genetic material between bacteria, highlighted the importance of LA-MRSA surveillance to prevent further dissemination among swine husbandry facilities and entry into the human community. IMPORTANCE The LA-MRSA-CC398 lineage is known for its low host specificity and frequent multiresistance to antimicrobial agents. Colonized swine and their related surroundings represent a considerable risk of LA-MRSA-CC398 colonization or infection for occupationally exposed people through which such isolates might be further disseminated within the human community. This study provides insight into the diversity of the porcine LA-MRSA-CC398 lineage in Germany. Clonal and geographical correlations of molecular characteristics and resistance and virulence traits were detected and may be associated with the spread of specific isolates through livestock trade, human occupational exposure, or dust emission. The demonstrated genetic variability underlines the lineage's ability to horizontally acquire foreign genetic material. Thus, LA-MRSA-CC398 isolates have the potential to become even more dangerous for various host species, including humans, due to increased virulence and/or limited therapeutic options for infection control. Full-scale LA-MRSA monitoring at the farm, community, and hospital level is therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory, Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nansong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Xiao Z, Qu Z, Liu N, Wang J, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang L, Huang X, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Guan J, Liu H. Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing. J Vet Res 2023; 67:169-177. [PMID: 38143828 PMCID: PMC10740325 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To understand the prevalence of avian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the current status of drug resistance in Qingdao, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigation and analysis of evolutionary relationships of MRSA isolates from broiler and layer chickens and waterfowl was conducted. Material and Methods One hundred and two avian MRSA strains were identified by multi-locus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results The sequence type (ST) 9-t899-SCCmec IVb type represented the highest proportion of avian-derived MRSA strains (71.57%), with ST398 type strains occasionally observed in broilers and waterfowl. The poultry-derived MRSA strains were all resistant to eight or more antimicrobials. Avian-derived MRSA strains carried 20 resistance genes, 109 virulence genes and 10 plasmids. Strains carrying the cfr oxazolidinone resistance gene were occasionally seen in broiler- and layer-derived MRSA. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) core genome evolution and locus difference analysis showed that the closest strains were all of ST9-t899 type (to which also affiliated the highest number of strains) and this type occurred on all three kinds of poultry farm, but the SNP difference loci between strains of the same type ranged from 0 to 1472. Conclusion The dominant type of MRSA from different poultry sources in Qingdao is ST9-t899-SCCmec IVb, which is commonly resistant to a variety of antimicrobial drugs and carries a variety of resistance genes and a large number of virulence genes. Sequence type 9-t899 type is widely spread among the three kinds of poultry investigated, but there are differences in affiliations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109Qingdao, China
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Zhina Qu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Na Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Xiumei Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Yubin Gao
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 266032Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajia Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109Qingdao, China
| | - Huanqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109Qingdao, China
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Gagetti P, Giacoboni GI, Nievas HD, Nievas VF, Moredo FA, Corso A. First Isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398 and CC1 in Intensive Pig Production Farms in Argentina. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1796. [PMID: 37889703 PMCID: PMC10251997 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-2000s, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has been identified among pigs worldwide, CC398 being the most relevant LA-MRSA clone. In the present work, nasal swabs were taken from healthy pigs of different age categories (25 to 154 days) from 2019 to 2021 in four intensive farms located in three provinces of Argentina. The aim of the present study was to characterize the first LA-MRSA isolates that colonized healthy fattening pigs in Argentina in terms of their resistance phenotype and genotype and to know the circulating clones in the country. Antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of the mecA gene and PCR screening of CC398 were evaluated in all the isolates. They were resistant to cefoxitin, penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin but susceptible to nitrofurantoin, rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid. Furthermore, 79% were resistant to clindamycin and lincomycin, 68% to erythromycin, 58% to gentamicin and 37% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All the isolates were multidrug resistant. The clonal relation was assessed by SmaI-PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and a representative isolate of each PFGE type was whole genome sequenced by Illumina. MLST (multilocus sequence typing), resistance and virulence genes and SCCmec typing were performed on sequenced isolates. The isolates were differentiated in three clonal types by PFGE, and they belonged to sequence-type ST398 (58%) and ST9, CC1 (42%) by MLST. SCCmec typeV and several resistance genes detected showed complete correlation with resistance phenotypes. The present study revealed that LA-MRSA colonizing healthy pigs in Argentina belongs to CC398 and CC1, two MRSA lineages frequently associated to pigs in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gagetti
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, INEI-ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Laboratorio Nacional/Regional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos PAHO, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Isabel Giacoboni
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; (G.I.G.); (H.D.N.); (V.F.N.); (F.A.M.)
| | - Hernan Dario Nievas
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; (G.I.G.); (H.D.N.); (V.F.N.); (F.A.M.)
| | - Victorio Fabio Nievas
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; (G.I.G.); (H.D.N.); (V.F.N.); (F.A.M.)
| | - Fabiana Alicia Moredo
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; (G.I.G.); (H.D.N.); (V.F.N.); (F.A.M.)
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, INEI-ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Laboratorio Nacional/Regional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos PAHO, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina
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12
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Urushibara N, Aung MS, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genome analysis of an SCCmec element in ST9-MRSA from Myanmar with a unique mec gene complex and two ccr gene complexes (ccrA1B1 and ccrA5B7). J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7179859. [PMID: 37229541 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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13
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Xu J, Wang Y, Liu F, Duan G, Yang H. Genome mining reveals the prevalence and extensive diversity of toxin-antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165981. [PMID: 37293231 PMCID: PMC10244574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a highly pathogenic and adaptable Gram-positive bacterium that exhibits persistence in various environments. The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system plays a crucial role in the defense mechanism of bacterial pathogens, allowing them to survive in stressful conditions. While TA systems in clinical pathogens have been extensively studied, there is limited knowledge regarding the diversity and evolutionary complexities of TA systems in S. aureus. Methods We conducted a comprehensive in silico survey using 621 publicly available S. aureus isolates. We employed bioinformatic search and prediction tools, including SLING, TADB2.0, and TASmania, to identify TA systems within the genomes of S. aureus. Results Our analysis revealed a median of seven TA systems per genome, with three type II TA groups (HD, HD_3, and YoeB) being present in over 80% of the strains. Additionally, we observed that TA genes were predominantly encoded in the chromosomal DNA, with some TA systems also found within the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomal mec (SCCmec) genomic islands. Discussion This study provides a comprehensive overview of the diversity and prevalence of TA systems in S. aureus. The findings enhance our understanding of these putative TA genes and their potential implications in S. aureus ecology and disease management. Moreover, this knowledge could guide the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
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Martínez-Seijas C, Mascarós P, Lizana V, Martí-Marco A, Arnau-Bonachera A, Chillida-Martínez E, Cardells J, Selva L, Viana D, Corpa JM. Genomic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Wildlife. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061064. [PMID: 36978605 PMCID: PMC10044652 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic multi-host pathogen that threatens both human and animal health. Animals can act as a reservoir of S. aureus for humans, but very little is known about wild animals’ epidemiological role. Therefore, in this study, we performed a genomic characterization of S. aureus isolates from wildlife, hunters, and their auxiliary hunting animals of Eastern Spain. Of 20 different species, 242 wild animals were examined, of which 28.1% were S. aureus carriers. The common genet, the Iberian ibex, and the European hedgehog were the species with the highest S. aureus carriage. We identified 30 different sequence types (STs), including lineages associated with wild animals such as ST49 and ST581, multispecies lineages such as ST130, ST398, and ST425, and lineages commonly isolated from humans, including ST1 and ST5. The hunters and the single positive ferret shared ST5, ST398, or ST425 with wild animals. In wildlife isolates, the highest resistance levels were found for penicillin (32.8%). For virulence factors, 26.2% of them carried superantigens, while 14.8% harbored the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which indicates probable human origin. Our findings suggest that wild animals are a reservoir of clinically relevant genes and lineages that could have the potential to be transmitted to humans. These data support the notion that wildlife surveillance is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of S. aureus as a pathogen that circulates among humans, animals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Seijas
- Biomedical Research Institute, PASAPTA-Pathology Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Mascarós
- Biomedical Research Institute, PASAPTA-Pathology Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Lizana
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Martí-Marco
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Arnau-Bonachera
- Biomedical Research Institute, PASAPTA-Pathology Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Chillida-Martínez
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cardells
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Selva
- Biomedical Research Institute, PASAPTA-Pathology Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Viana
- Biomedical Research Institute, PASAPTA-Pathology Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +34-961-369-000 (D.V. & J.M.C.)
| | - Juan M. Corpa
- Biomedical Research Institute, PASAPTA-Pathology Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +34-961-369-000 (D.V. & J.M.C.)
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Hu J, Chen L, Li G, Pan Y, Lu Y, Chen J, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of fosB-positive Staphylococcus aureus in duck farms in Guangdong, China in 2020. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:802-809. [PMID: 36691844 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiology of fosB-positive Staphylococcus aureus in waterfowl farms in the Pearl River tributaries in Guangdong Province, China in 2020. METHODS A total of 63 S. aureus were recovered from 315 samples collected from six duck farms and one goose farm. PFGE, WGS and analysis were performed on 19 fosB-positive S. aureus. RESULTS The fosfomycin resistance rate of the strains was as high as 52.4% (33/63), and 30.1% (19/63) of the strains carried fosB. Resistance gene prediction results showed that duck farm environment-derived strains contained the oxazolidinone drug resistance gene optrA. All fosB-positive S. aureus were MRSA and most of them were MDR, mainly ST9-t899 and ST164-t899. PFGE showed that fosB-positive S. aureus from humans and ducks could be clustered into the same clade. In addition, core-genome SNP analysis showed that clonal transmission of S. aureus occurred between humans and water. Pan-genome analysis showed that S. aureus had an open pangenome. The fosB gene was located on 2610-2615 bp plasmids, which all contained a broad host-range plasmid replication protein family 13. Small plasmids carrying the fosB gene could be found in different multilocus STs of S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that duck farms in Guangdong, China could be an important reservoir of fosB-positive S. aureus. The spread of drug-resistant bacteria in waterfowl farms requires further monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Prevalence and Virulence Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus in Wholesale and Retail Pork in Wuhan, Central China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244114. [PMID: 36553856 PMCID: PMC9777741 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major foodborne pathogens and can cause serious foodborne illness in humans by foods contaminated with S. aureus enterotoxins. In recent years, livestock-associated S. aureus has been a major public health concern for humans and has emerged in various countries globally. China is one of the largest producers of pigs and pork in the world. However, there are few studies on the detailed genotypic and pathogenic characterization of pork-associated S. aureus in China. In this study, the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genotypic characteristics of S. aureus in raw pork in Wuhan, China, were investigated through multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing, and whole-genome sequencing analysis. A total of 518 S. aureus isolates (16.9%) were isolated from 3067 retail and wholesale pork samples. The prevalence of S. aureus in retail pork (22.7%) was significantly higher than in wholesale pork (15.1%), while the proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates in wholesale pork (12.9%) was significantly higher than in retail pork (6.2%). Among the isolates, 10.8% were resistant to three or more antibiotics, with higher rates of resistance to penicillin (88.8%) and erythromycin (58.1%). A total of 28 sequence types (STs) were identified in the 518 isolates, and the predominant type was ST7 (57.5%), followed by ST5 (9.1%). In addition, based on the whole-genome sequences of 39 representative strains, 17 spa types were identified among the isolates, of which t899, t091, and t437 were the most common. Furthermore, 19 staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) and SE-like (SEl) toxin genes were detected in the isolates, of which selw was the most common type (100%), followed by sei, sem, seo, seu, and selv (46.2%); sey (35.9%); and sea, seg, and sen (33.3%). This study found for the first time that ST7-t091-selw and ST9-t899-SCCmecXII-selw were the predominant genotypes of S. aureus in pork in China, which indicated the spreading of S. aureus with multiple virulence factors, especially with new SE/SEl types in pigs and pork, is a serious new challenge for food safety. Good hygiene and good production practices to prevent interspecies transmission and cross-contamination of S. aureus in the pig-pork chain are of great significance to public health.
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17
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Xing L, Chen Y, Ling X, Wu D, Sun L, Lin J, Chen Y. Genomic Characterization of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST7 Isolates from a Case of Human Bacteremia in China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7449-7457. [PMID: 36544989 PMCID: PMC9762264 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s385061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of novel livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important in both clinics and livestock. In this study, we report a MRSA-infected patient who was associated with livestock as a butcher, from whom we collected two MRSA strains FJ0318 and FJ0322. To further understand the correlation between these MRSA isolates and livestock, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses were performed for these two isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two strains were homologous. Multilocus sequence typing showed that these two strains belong to ST7, which is a common lineage in retail meat and meat products in China. The genetic islands in FJ0318 and FJ0322 were different from those in other common clones, such as ST59, ST8, and ST5. A mosaic plasmid with a sequence identical to that of the plasmid pE2 from livestock was found in strain FJ0318. Additionally, a novel prophage island was identified on the chromosome. Furthermore, the sequence of the island was similar to that of phage SP6 identified in livestock. ST7 may originate from livestock and be transmitted to communities, causing invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Xing
- Office of Nutrition and Diet, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Ling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China,Jingrong Lin, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yan Chen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-571-8600-6142, Email
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18
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Diversity and Dissemination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Genotypes in Southeast Asia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120438. [PMID: 36548693 PMCID: PMC9781663 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a successful pathogen that has achieved global dissemination, with high prevalence rates in Southeast Asia. A huge diversity of clones has been reported in this region, with MRSA ST239 being the most successful lineage. Nonetheless, description of MRSA genotypes circulating in the Southeast Asia region has, until now, remained poorly compiled. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of MRSA clones in 11 Southeast Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, and Timor-Leste. Notably, while archaic multidrug-resistant hospital-associated (HA) MRSAs, such as the ST239-III and ST241-III, were prominent in the region during earlier observations, these were then largely replaced by the more antibiotic-susceptible community-acquired (CA) MRSAs, such as ST22-IV and PVL-positive ST30-IV, in recent years after the turn of the century. Nonetheless, reports of livestock-associated (LA) MRSAs remain few in the region.
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19
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Khairullah AR, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Ramandinianto SC, Gelolodo MA, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Kurniawati DA. Review of pork and pork products as a source for transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.167-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infection in animals and humans. Recently, MRSA from food-producing or farm animals has been identified as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). The spread of LA-MRSA is particularly found in pork and pork products because LA-MRSA has been widely known to infect pigs. The most common type of LA-MRSA identified in pork and pork products is the clonal complex LA-MRSA 398 (LA-MRSA CC398). The MRSA strains on the surface of pork carcasses can be spread during the handling and processing of pork and pork products through human hands, cutting tools, and any surface that comes into direct contact with pork. Food infection is the main risk of MRSA in pork and pork products consumed by humans. Antibiotics to treat food infection cases due to MRSA infection include vancomycin and tigecycline. The spread of MRSA in pork and pork products is preventable by appropriately cooking and cooling the pork and pork products at temperatures above 60°C and below 5°C, respectively. It is also necessary to take other preventive measures, such as having a clean meat processing area and disinfecting the equipment used for processing pork and pork products. This review aimed to explain epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, diagnosis, public health consequences, treatment of food poisoning, and preventing the spread of MRSA in pork and pork products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sancaka Cashyer Ramandinianto
- Master Program in Veterinary Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Aega Gelolodo
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia
| | - Agus Widodo
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- Master Program in Veterinary Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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20
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Krüger-Haker H, Ji X, Bartel A, Feßler AT, Hanke D, Jiang N, Tedin K, Maurischat S, Wang Y, Wu C, Schwarz S. Metabolic Characteristics of Porcine LA-MRSA CC398 and CC9 Isolates from Germany and China via Biolog Phenotype MicroArray TM. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2116. [PMID: 36363707 PMCID: PMC9693340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen, often multi-resistant to antimicrobial agents. Among swine, LA-MRSA of clonal complex (CC) 398 dominates in Europe, Australia and the Americas, while LA-MRSA-CC9 is the main epidemic lineage in Asia. Here, we comparatively investigated the metabolic properties of rare and widespread porcine LA-MRSA isolates from Germany and China using Biolog Phenotype MicroArray technology to evaluate if metabolic variations could have played a role in the development of two different epidemic LA-MRSA clones in swine. Overall, we were able to characterize the isolates' metabolic profiles and show their tolerance to varying environmental conditions. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) supported the detection of the most informative substrates and/or conditions that revealed metabolic differences between the LA-MRSA lineages. The Chinese LA-MRSA-CC9 isolates displayed unique characteristics, such as a consistently delayed onset of cellular respiration, and increased, reduced or absent usage of several nutrients. These possibly unfavorable metabolic properties might promote the ongoing gradual replacement of the current epidemic LA-MRSA-CC9 clone in China with the emerging LA-MRSA-CC398 lineage through livestock trade and occupational exposure. Due to the enhanced pathogenicity of the LA-MRSA-CC398 clone, the public health risk posed by LA-MRSA from swine might increase further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory, Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nansong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Maurischat
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Congming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Titouche Y, Akkou M, Houali K, Auvray F, Hennekinne JA. Role of milk and milk products in the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy production chain. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3699-3723. [PMID: 35894258 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Milk and milk products can harbor a multiple varieties of microorganisms. Therefore, they can be an important source of foodborne pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes a wide spectrum of infections both in animals and humans. Over the last two decades, the presence of MRSA in foods and food-producing animals, including milk and milk products, has been frequently reported worldwide, raising public health concerns. In order to monitor and prevent foodborne MRSA contamination, it is necessary to understand their sources, the pheno/genotypic characteristics of the strains, and their transmission dynamics. In this review, studies conducted worldwide were summarized in order to assess the prevalence and diversity of MRSA circulating in milk and milk products. The risk factors for the occurrence of MRSA in milk and milk products were also discussed with preventive and control measures to avoid MRSA contamination in the dairy food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Titouche
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Biotechnologie (LABAB), Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie
| | - Madjid Akkou
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Saad Dahlab, Blida, Algérie
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Biotechnologie (LABAB), Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie
| | - Frédéric Auvray
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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22
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Li X, Xie L, Huang H, Li Z, Li G, Liu P, Xiao D, Zhang X, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Prevalence of Livestock-Associated MRSA ST398 in a Swine Slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914764. [PMID: 35814703 PMCID: PMC9260045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic microorganism that is increasingly causing public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the transmission and occurrence of MRSA in a slaughterhouse environment and evaluate its antimicrobial resistance and genetic characterization. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological survey of S. aureus by spa typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of samples obtained from the pork production chain, the environment, and community residents. To clarify the evolutionary relationships of MRSA sequence type (ST) 398 in this study and global isolates, 197 published whole-genome sequences data of MRSA ST398 strains were downloaded from the GenBank database and included in the phylogenetic analysis. A total of 585 porcine samples (snout and carcass swabs), 78 human nasal samples, and 136 environmental samples were collected. The MRSA isolates were detected at higher frequencies in samples from swine (15.0%) than carcasses (10.0%), slaughterhouse workers (8.0%), community residents (0%), and environment samples (5.9%). The spa typing results showed that t571 accounted for a higher proportion than other spa types. Closely related isolates from the samples of swine, slaughterhouse workers, carcasses, carrier vehicle, and surrounding fishpond water indicate that MRSA ST398 strains may spread among swine, humans, and the environment. MRSA ST398-t571 isolates were genetically different from global strains, except for two Korean isolates, which showed genetic closeness with it. In addition, a MRSA ST398 isolate recovered from an infected patient in Europe differed by only 31 SNPs from the airborne dust-associated strain isolated in this study, thereby suggesting potential transmission among different countries. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results demonstrated that 99.0% (96/97) of MRSA and 95.1% (231/243) of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) showed multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. According to WGS analysis, the poxtA-carrying segment (IS431mec-optrA-IS1216-fexB-IS431mec) was reported in MRSA ST398 isolates for the first time. The coexistence of cfr and optrA in a plasmid was first detected in MRSA ST398. The potential transmission of MRSA among humans, animals, and the environment is a cause for concern. The emergence and transmission of LA-MRSA ST398 with high levels of resistance profiles highlight the urgent need for LA-MRSA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xucai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Xiong,
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhenling Zeng,
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23
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Cui M, Ali T, Li J, Song L, Shen S, Li T, Zhang C, Cheng M, Zhao Q, Wang H. New clues about the global MRSA ST398: Emergence of MRSA ST398 from pigs in Qinghai, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 378:109820. [PMID: 35752017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study, a part of the China national surveillance program on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria, was to determine the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of endemic pig-associated Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strains in China. A total of 68 (48.9 %) S. aureus strains were recovered from 139 samples collected from two pig farms and one slaughterhouse in Qinghai province. Genomic characterization of All S. aureus strains was performed by WGS and their evolutionary relationships were assessed by phylogenetic analysis. Their susceptibilities to antimicrobials were determined using the broth dilution method. All S. aureus strains consisted of 41 ST398-t571 MSSA, 26 ST398-t011 MRSA and 1 ST5-t002 MRSA. Among these, ST398 was frequently identified in 67 S. aureus strains, suggesting that ST398 was a frequent source of MRSA and MSSA infections in Qinghai province and its possibility of transmission between individuals in pigs from farms and slaughterhouse. Meanwhile, Livestock-associated-MRSA ST398 in our study was establishing closely evolutionary relationships with MRSA ST 398 in Europe and Australia. The clues about closely relatedness of the global S. aureus ST398 underscore the potential public health risk of S. aureus ST398 in the pork supply chain and offer significant guidance for veterinary and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Cui
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Tariq Ali
- Veterianry Research Institute Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jiyun Li
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Li Song
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shan Shen
- Yantai Ludong Hospital (Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
| | - Hejia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
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24
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Silva V, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Vieira-Pinto M, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from Hunters and Hunting Dogs. Pathogens 2022; 11:548. [PMID: 35631069 PMCID: PMC9143024 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have showed that a dog-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus occurs. Hunting dogs do not have as much contact with their owners as dogs that live in the same household as the owners; however, these dogs have contact with their owners during hunting activities as well as when hunting game; therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from hunters and their hunting dogs to investigate a possible S. aureus transmission. Nose and mouth samples were collected from 30 hunters and their 78 hunting dogs for staphylococcal isolation. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were accessed using the Kirby-Bauer method and respective antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa- and agr-typing was performed in all S. aureus isolates. S. aureus were detected in 10 (30%) human samples and in 11 (15.4%) dog samples of which 11 and 5 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Other staphylococci were identified, particularly, S. pseudintermedius. Most S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Evidence of a possible transmission of S. aureus between human and dogs was detected in three hunters and their dogs. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 10 STs and 9 spa-types. A moderate colonization of S. aureus in hunting dogs and their owners was detected in this study. A few dog-to-dog and dog-to-human possible transmissions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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25
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Merla C, Kuka A, Petazzoni G, Postiglione U, Zatelli M, Gaiarsa S, Mariani B, Corbella M, Marone P, Sassera D, Cambieri P. Livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in inpatients: a snapshot from an Italian hospital. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Yang YJ, Lee GY, Kim SD, Park JH, Lee SI, Kim GB, Yang SJ. Profiles of Non-aureus staphylococci in retail pork and
slaughterhouse carcasses: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic
determinant of fusidic acid resistance. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:225-239. [PMID: 35310565 PMCID: PMC8907790 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As commensal colonizers in livestock, there has been little attention on
staphylococci, especially non-aureus staphylococci (NAS),
contaminating meat production chain. To assess prevalence of staphylococci in
retail pork and slaughterhouse carcass samples in Korea, we collected 578
samples from Korean slaughterhouses (n=311) and retail markets
(n=267) for isolation of staphylococci and determined antimicrobial
resistance phenotypes in all the isolates. The presence of and prevalence of
fusB-family genes (fusB,
fusC, fusD, and fusF) and
mutations in fusA genes were examined in fusidic acid resistant
isolates. A total of 47 staphylococcal isolates of 4 different species
(Staphylococcus aureus, n=4; S.
hyicus, n=1; S. epidermidis, n=10;
Mammaliicoccus sciuri, n=32) were isolated. Fusidic
acid resistance were confirmed in 9/10 S. epidermidis and all
of the 32 M. sciuri (previously S. sciuri)
isolates. Acquired fusidic acid resistance genes were detected in all the
resistant strains; fusB and fusC in S.
epidermidis and fusB/C in M.
sciuri. Multi-locus sequence type analysis revealed that ST63
(n=10, 31%) and ST30 (n=8, 25%) genotypes were most
prevalent among fusidic acid resistant M. sciuri isolates. In
conclusion, the high prevalence of fusB-family genes in
S. epidermidis and M. sciuri strains
isolated from pork indicated that NAS might act as a reservoir for fusidic acid
resistance gene transmissions in pork production chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gi Yong Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang
University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sun Do Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang
University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ji Heon Park
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang
University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang
University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang
University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author : Soo-Jin
Yang, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul
08826, Korea, Tel: +82-2-880-1185, Fax: +82-2-885-0263, E-mail:
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27
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Livestock-Associated Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Current Situation and Impact From a One Health Perspective. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of livestock-associated (LA-) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We further question the role of LA-MRSA as a potential foodborne pathogen. We investigate recent findings and developments from a One Health perspective also highlighting current strategies and initiatives aiming to improve reporting, control, and prevention of LA-MRSA.
Recent Findings
While the overall number of invasive MRSA infections in humans is decreasing (in most European countries and the USA) or steadily increasing (in the Asia-Pacific region), the role of LA-MRSA as causative agent of invasive disease and as potential foodborne pathogen is still poorly understood. LA-MRSA prevalence in livestock remains high in many geographical regions and the acquisition of new virulence and resistance determinants constitutes a growing threat for human health.
Summary
The true incidence of LA-MRSA infections due to occupational exposure is unknown. Improved MRSA monitoring and tracking procedures are urgently needed. Strain typing is crucial to enable improved understanding of the impact of LA-MRSA on human and animal health.
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28
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Molecular fingerprinting of bovine mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates from India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15228. [PMID: 34315981 PMCID: PMC8316343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Owing to the mostly backyard dairy practices, we hypothesized that genetic diversity among mastitis-associated S. aureus from India would be high, and investigated 166 isolates obtained mostly from the Southern State of Karnataka, but also from a few other states. The results revealed (a) 8 to 13 fragments in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), forming 31 distinct patterns, and (b) 34 spa types, of which three (t17680, t18314, and t18320) were newly identified. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) identified 39 sequence types (STs), with ST2454 (34.4%) and ST2459 (24%) being the most commonly represented, which clustered to clonal complexes (CC) CC9 and CC97, respectively; 12 STs were newly identified. Thirty-four (20.5%) of the 166 isolates displayed oxacillin resistance. On the other hand, whereas none were mecC+, 44 (26.5%) isolates were mecA+, with a predominance of SCCmecIVb (26/32 isolates, others being untypeable); 24 isolates (14.46%) were oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant S. aureus (OS-MRSA; mecA+ but OS). Integrated analysis revealed that CC9-ST2454- and CC97-ST2459-SCCmecIVb were the predominant MRSA, although the distribution of CC9 and CC97 was similar between methicillin-resistant and -susceptible isolates. By PCR, 56.25%, 28.75% and 47.5% of the 166 isolates were positive for hlg, tsst and pvl genes, respectively. Our results, for the first time describe the application of a combination of various molecular methods to bovine mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates from India, corroborate the worldwide distribution of CC97 and CC9, and suggest pathogenic potential of the isolates.
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29
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Ji X, Krüger H, Tao J, Wang Y, Feßler AT, Bai R, Wang S, Dong Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Schwarz S, Wu C. Comparative analysis of genomic characteristics, fitness and virulence of MRSA ST398 and ST9 isolated from China and Germany. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1481-1494. [PMID: 34210245 PMCID: PMC8300935 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1951125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of sequence types ST398 and ST9 are dominant lineages among livestock in Europe and Asia, respectively. Although both STs were commonly found as colonizers of the skin and the mucosal membranes, MRSA ST398, rather than MRSA ST9, has been reported to cause infections in humans and animals. Herein, we comparatively analyzed the genomic characteristics, fitness and virulence of MRSA ST398 and ST9 isolated from pigs in both China (CHN) and Germany (GER) to explore the factors that lead to differences in their epidemics and pathogenicity. We observed that the CHN-MRSA ST9 and the GER-MRSA ST9 have evolved independently, whereas the CHN-MRSA ST398 and GER-MRSA ST398 had close evolutionary relationships. Resistance to antimicrobial agents commonly used in livestock, the enhanced ability of biofilm formation, and the resistance to desiccation contribute to the success of the dominant clones of CHN-MRSA ST9 and GER-MRSA ST398, and the vwbνSaα gene on the genomic island might in part contribute to their colonization fitness in pigs. All MRSA ST398 strains revealed more diverse genome structures, higher tolerance to acids and high osmotic pressure, and greater competitive fitness in co-culture experiments. Notably, we identified and characterized a novel hysAνSaβ gene, which was located on the genomic island νSaβ of MRSA ST398 but was absent in MRSA ST9. The enhanced pathogenicity of the MRSA ST398 strains due to hysAνSaβ might in part explain why MRSA ST398 strains are more likely to cause infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Henrike Krüger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jin Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rina Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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30
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Tegegne HA, Koláčková I, Florianová M, Gelbíčová T, Madec JY, Haenni M, Karpíšková R. Detection and molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw meat in the retail market. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:233-238. [PMID: 34271219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to detect and characterise methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from retail meat in the Czech Republic. METHODS Isolates were identified by PCR detection of the S. aureus-specific fragment Sa442 and mecA gene. spa typing, MLST, detection of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), exfoliative toxins A and B (eta and etb), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) and staphylokinase (sak), detection of φSa3 prophage and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. RESULTS Of 65 raw meat samples examined (poultry, beef, pork and rabbit), 23 (35.4%) were positive for MRSA. Twelve positive samples originated from poultry (12/33; 36.4%), while the remaining eleven came from pork (9/9; 100%) and pork/beef mixed minced meat (2/5; 40.0%). Eight spa types belonging to five different sequence types (STs) were identified. ST398 was the most frequent (28/36; 77.8%), presenting spa types t011, t034, t2576, t4132, t588 and t899. Other livestock-associated MRSA STs (ST9-t899, ST5-t002, ST692-t8646 or the newly described ST4034-t899) were also sporadically identified. In seven isolates (19.4%), one or more staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were detected, with sea, seg and sei prevailing. Three isolates from turkey [ST398-t899 (n = 2) and ST398-t011] harboured the sak gene, and the latter also harboured the sea gene. Seven isolates from poultry harboured the φSa3 prophage and were resistant to tetracycline. CONCLUSION Specific kinds of meat appear to be a possible source of MRSA, although the risk to humans is hard to define. Therefore, surveillance of MRSA in meat as well as hygienic practices should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Ayalew Tegegne
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, University of Lyon-ANSES, Lyon, France.
| | - Ivana Koláčková
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Florianová
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Gelbíčová
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, University of Lyon-ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, University of Lyon-ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - Renáta Karpíšková
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Dong Q, Liu Y, Li W, Liu Y, Ye X. Cross-species transmission risk of livestock-associated MRSA: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of global data. Prev Vet Med 2021; 194:105429. [PMID: 34271475 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although increasing studies have indicated a strong relationship between livestock exposure and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in humans, the risk magnitude of cross-species transmission of livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) is still unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the potential effect of livestock exposure on LA-MRSA (including CC398/CC9, scn-negative, and tetracycline-resistant isolates) transmission. The summary estimates were pooled by random-effects models using the DerSimonian & Laird (DL) method and the Bayesian method. Twenty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis. Livestock-exposed people demonstrated a significantly higher rate of livestock-associated S. aureus (LA-SA) carriage than non-exposed people (Bayesian estimates: OR = 5.23 for CC398/CC9; OR = 2.35 for scn-negative isolates; OR = 3.86 for tetracycline-resistant isolates). Similarly, there was a greater positive association between livestock exposure and LA-MRSA carriage in humans ((Bayesian estimates: OR = 7.64 for CC398/CC9; OR = 7.54 for scn-negative isolates; OR = 9.89 for tetracycline-resistant isolates), indicating that livestock exposure increases the risk of LA-MRSA carriage in humans. These findings provide evidence for revealing the high risk of cross-species LA-MRSA transmission by livestock exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 283 Jianghai Street, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 283 Jianghai Street, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 283 Jianghai Street, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Yangqun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 283 Jianghai Street, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 283 Jianghai Street, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
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32
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Randad PR, Larsen J, Kaya H, Pisanic N, Ordak C, Price LB, Aziz M, Nadimpalli ML, Rhodes S, Stewart JR, Love DC, Mohr D, Davis MF, Miller LS, Hall D, Carroll KC, Perl TM, Heaney CD. Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 9 between Pigs and Humans, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:740-748. [PMID: 33622471 PMCID: PMC7920674 DOI: 10.3201/eid2703.191775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 9 (LA-SA CC9) between pigs raised on industrial hog operations (IHOs) and humans in the United States is poorly understood. We analyzed whole-genome sequences from 32 international S. aureus CC9 isolates and 49 LA-SA CC9 isolates from IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in 10 pig-producing counties in North Carolina, USA. Bioinformatic analysis of sequence data from the 81 isolates demonstrated 3 major LA-SA CC9 clades. North Carolina isolates all fell within a single clade (C3). High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of C3 revealed 2 subclades of intermingled IHO pig and human isolates differing by 0–34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that LA-SA CC9 from pigs and humans share a common source and provide evidence of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant LA-SA CC9 between IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in North Carolina.
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33
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Jiang N, Wyres KL, Li J, Feßler AT, Krüger H, Wang Y, Holt KE, Schwarz S, Wu C. Evolution and genomic insight into methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1703-1711. [PMID: 33822977 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reconstruct the evolutionary history and genomic epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in China. METHODS Using WGS analysis, we described the phylogeny of 131 S. aureus ST9 isolates collected between 2002 and 2016 from 11 provinces in China, including six clinical samples from Taiwan. We also investigated the complex structure and distribution of the lsa(E)-carrying multiresistance gene cluster, and genotyped prophages in the genomes of the ST9 isolates. RESULTS ST9 was subdivided into one major (n = 122) and one minor (n = 9) clade. Bayesian phylogeny predicted the divergence of ST9 isolates in pig farming in China as early as 1987, which then evolved rapidly in the following three decades. ST9 isolates shared similar multiresistance properties, which were likely acquired before the ST9 emergence in China. The accessory genome is highly conserved, and ST9 harboured similar sets of phages, but lacked certain virulence genes. CONCLUSIONS Host exchange and regional transmission of ST9 have occurred between pigs and humans. Pig rearing and trading might have favoured gene exchanges between ST9 isolates. Resistance genes, obtained from the environment and other isolates, were stably integrated into the chromosomal DNA. The abundance of resistance genes among ST9 is likely attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in livestock. Phages are present in the genomes of ST9 and may play a role in the rapid evolution of this ST. Although human ST9 infections are rare, ST9 isolates may constitute a potential risk to public health as a repository of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kelly L Wyres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Krüger
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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34
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Hsu BM, Chen JS, Lin IC, Hsu GJ, Koner S, Hussain B, Huang SW, Tsai HC. Molecular and Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) Profiling of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Hospital and Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF) Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060748. [PMID: 34205552 PMCID: PMC8235027 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide evidence of the cross-contamination of emerging pathogenic microbes in a local network between long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and hospitals, this study emphasizes the molecular typing, the prevalence of virulence genes, and the antibiotic resistance pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA isolates were characterized from 246 samples collected from LTCFs, medical tubes of LTCF residents, and hospital environments of two cities, Chiayi and Changhua. Species identification, molecular characterization, and drug resistance analysis were performed. Hospital environments had a higher MRSA detection rate than that of LTCF environments, where moist samples are a hotspot of MRSA habitats, including tube samples from LTCF residents. All MRSA isolates in this study carried the exfoliative toxin eta gene (100%). The majority of MRSA isolates were resistant to erythromycin (76.7%), gentamicin (60%), and ciprofloxacin (55%). The percentage of multidrug-resistant MRSA isolates was approximately 50%. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction results showed that 18 MRSA isolates belonged to a specific cluster. This implied that genetically similar isolates were spread between hospitals and LTCFs in Changhua city. This study highlights the threat to the health of LTCFs’ residents posed by hospital contact with MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621, Taiwan; (B.-M.H.); (S.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Innovative on Aging Society, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ching Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung City 413, Taiwan;
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure, Chienkuo Technology University, Chenghua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan;
| | - Suprokash Koner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621, Taiwan; (B.-M.H.); (S.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621, Taiwan; (B.-M.H.); (S.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung City 830, Taiwan;
- Super Micro Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung City 830, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien County 970, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien County 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-638-561-825
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Samutela MT, Kwenda G, Simulundu E, Nkhoma P, Higashi H, Frey A, Bates M, Hang'ombe BM. Pigs as a potential source of emerging livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:38-49. [PMID: 34146692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the emergence of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the pig and pork production systems in Africa for the past two decades. METHODS PubMed and African Journals OnLine were searched for relevant primary studies from 2000 to 2019 using standardized key words. In total, 19 eligible articles were included in this review. RESULTS The prevalence of S. aureus including MRSA ranged from 0% to 55% among live pigs and raw pork, and from 9.4% to 30.8% among pig farm and abattoir workers. Risk factors associated with S. aureus carriage among workers were: male gender, working in an abattoir, and medical-related occupation of a household member. S. aureus and MRSA from pigs and pork production systems in Africa are potentially pathogenic with diverse spa types and clonal complexes, with genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, heavy metal resistance, and virulence factors including secreted and enterotoxins, proteases and immune evasion cluster. The typical livestock-associated S. aureus CC398 and mecC genes were reported in two studies. CONCLUSION Pigs are a potential source of the emerging livestock-associated S. aureus in Africa. Continued monitoring using a 'One Health' approach is recommended for effective infection prevention and control of these infections in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulemba Tillika Samutela
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Panji Nkhoma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew Frey
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Matthew Bates
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Bonvegna M, Grego E, Sona B, Stella MC, Nebbia P, Mannelli A, Tomassone L. Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Pigs and Farm Environment in Northwestern Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060676. [PMID: 34198805 PMCID: PMC8227741 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine farming as a source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been well documented. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) have been less studied, but their importance as pathogens is increasing. MRCoNS are indeed considered relevant nosocomial pathogens; identifying putative sources of MRCoNS is thus gaining importance to prevent human health hazards. In the present study, we investigated MRSA and MRCoNS in animals and environment in five pigsties in a high farm-density area of northwestern Italy. Farms were three intensive, one intensive with antibiotic-free finishing, and one organic. We tested nasal swabs from 195 animals and 26 environmental samples from three production phases: post-weaning, finishing and female breeders. Phenotypic tests, including MALDI-TOF MS, were used for the identification of Staphylococcus species; PCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed resistance and bacterial species. MRCoNS were recovered in 64.5% of nasal swabs, in all farms and animal categories, while MRSA was detected only in one post-weaning sample in one farm. The lowest prevalence of MRCoNS was detected in pigs from the organic farm and in the finishing of the antibiotic-free farm. MRCoNS were mainly Staphylococcus sciuri, but we also recovered S. pasteuri, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnii, S. equorum and S. xylosus. Fifteen environmental samples were positive for MRCoNS, which were mainly S. sciuri; no MRSA was found in the farms’ environment. The analyses of the mecA gene and the PBP2-a protein highlighted the same mecA fragment in strains of S. aureus, S. sciuri and S. haemolyticus. Our results show the emergence of MRCoNS carrying the mecA gene in swine farms. Moreover, they suggest that this gene might be horizontally transferred from MRCoNS to bacterial species more relevant for human health, such as S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Bonvegna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Grego
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Bruno Sona
- Local Veterinary Service, Animal Health, ASL CN1, Via Torino, 137, 12038 Savigliano, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Alessandro Mannelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Tomassone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
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Qolbaini EN, Khoeri MM, Salsabila K, Paramaiswari WT, Tafroji W, Artika IM, Safari D. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-associated subclinical mastitis isolated from dairy cows in Bogor, Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:1180-1184. [PMID: 34220119 PMCID: PMC8243663 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1180-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis is an udder infection devoid of clinical symptoms, and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria causing this disease. This study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-associated subclinical mastitis isolated from dairy cows in Bogor, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: S. aureus was isolated from subclinical mastitis milk specimens. All strains were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of staphylococcal nuc, and MRSA was confirmed by the presence of mecA. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: From 86 milk samples, 49 isolates (57%) were confirmed as S. aureus. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Nine isolates were identified as MRSA (10.5%). Conclusion: In this study, we reported MRSA-associated subclinical mastitis in Bogor, Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Nur Qolbaini
- Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Korrie Salsabila
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69 Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Wisnu Tafroji
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69 Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
| | - I Made Artika
- Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69 Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
| | - Dodi Safari
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl. Diponegoro No. 69 Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
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Lu H, Zhao L, Si Y, Jian Y, Wang Y, Li T, Dai Y, Huang Q, Ma X, He L, Li M. The Surge of Hypervirulent ST398 MRSA Lineage With Higher Biofilm-Forming Ability Is a Critical Threat to Clinics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636788. [PMID: 33746929 PMCID: PMC7969815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global increase of community-associated (CA) infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major healthcare problem. Although sequence type (ST) 398 MRSA was first described as a livestock-associated (LA) lineage, human-adapted MRSA (HO-MRSA) ST398 without livestock contact has subsequently been reported from China in our previous study and other later research. The proportion of ST398 HO-MRSA has also remarkably increased in recent years in China. Based on 3878 S. aureus isolates that were collected in a general hospital between 2008 and 2018, we identified 56 ST398 HO-MRSA isolates. The four early appearing isolates of them have been sequenced by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in our previous study. Here, by usage of WGS on the later-appearing 52 isolates and analyzing the phylogenetic dynamics of the linage, we found that 50 isolates clustered together with the former 4 isolates, making it a main clade out of MSSA clones and other MRSA clones, although ST398 HO-MRSA evolved with multiple origins. Drug resistance and virulence gene analysis based on the WGS data demonstrated that ST398 HO-MRSA main clade exhibited a similar pattern in both parts. Furthermore, they all carried a conserved variant of prophage 3 to guarantee virulence and a short SCCmec type V element of class D to maintain considerable lower methicillin resistance. Further phenotypical research verified that the epidemic HO-MRSA ST398 displayed enhanced biofilm formation ability when keeping high virulence. The dual advantages of virulence and biofilm formation in the HO-MRSA ST398 subtype promote their fitness in the community and even in the healthcare environment, which poses a serious threat in clinical S. aureus infections. Therefore, further surveillance is required to prevent and control the problematic public health impact of HO-MRSA ST398 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanguo Si
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Chueahiran S, Yindee J, Boonkham P, Suanpairintr N, Chanchaithong P. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398 as a Major MRSA Lineage in Dogs and Cats in Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030243. [PMID: 33671008 PMCID: PMC7997496 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present molecular and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 isolated from diseased dogs and cats in Thailand. A total of 20 MRSA isolates of 134 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from canine and feline clinical samples during 2017-2020 were CC398, consisting of sequence type (ST) 398 (18 isolates), ST5926 (1 isolate), and ST6563 (1 isolate) by multilocus sequence typing. spa t034 and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) V were predominantly associated with ST398. Intraclonal differentiation was present by additional spa (t1255, t4653), non-detectable spa, composite SCCmec with a hybrid of ccrA1B1+ccrC and class A mec complex, and DNA fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The isolates essentially carried antimicrobial resistance genes, mediating multiple resistance to β-lactams (mecA, blaZ), tetracyclines [tet(M)], aminoglycosides [aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia], and trimethoprim (dfr). Livestock-associated MRSA ST398 resistance genes including lnu(B), lsa(E), spw, fexA, and tet(L) were heterogeneously found and lost in subpopulation, with the absence or presence of additional erm(A), erm(B), and ileS2 genes that corresponded to resistance phenotypes. As only a single CC398 was detected with the presence of intraclonal variation, CC398 seems to be the successful MRSA clone colonizing in small animals as a pet-associated MRSA in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawit Chueahiran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jitrapa Yindee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Pongthai Boonkham
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Nipattra Suanpairintr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pattrarat Chanchaithong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.Y.)
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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40
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs and Pork in the Central Region of Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020206. [PMID: 33669812 PMCID: PMC7922250 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been a major public health concern in humans. Among MRSA, livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA strains have always been associated with exposure to livestock or their products and have emerged in different countries globally. Although studies have identified LA-MRSA from healthy pigs and pork in Thailand, prevalence in slaughtered pigs is still unknown. In addition, there are few reports on the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of LA-MRSA in Thailand. Hence, this is the first report investigating the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of MRSA in individual slaughtered pigs and pork in Thailand. A total of 204 nasal swab and 116 retailed pork samples were collected from three slaughterhouses and four fresh markets, respectively. Individual samples were used for screening for MRSA and obtained isolates were examined for drug- resistance profiling for 12 antimicrobial agents of 10 drug classes. In addition, SCCmec typing and multi-locus sequence typing were conducted to obtain genotype profiles. MRSA were isolated from 11 and 52 nasal swab and pork samples, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in the pork than in the nasal swab samples (p-value < 0.05). A high prevalence of ST9-SCCmecIX and ST398-SCCmecV with high-level antimicrobial resistance from markets and slaughterhouses indicated the spreading of MRSA with these genotypes in the Thai swine processing chains and suggested the need for further investigation to determine a control.
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Chen H, Yin Y, Li X, Li S, Gao H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang H. Whole-Genome Analysis of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398 Strains Isolated From Patients With Bacteremia in China. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:S220-S228. [PMID: 32176793 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence type (ST) 398 is the most prevalent clone of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To evaluate the molecular characteristics and phylogeny of Chinese ST398 isolates, 4 MRSA ST398 strains and 4 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 strains were collected from patients with bacteremia at 6 teaching hospitals in China between 1999 and 2016. Moreover, 689 ST398 genome sequences were downloaded from the GenBank database for comparison. The 4 MRSA ST398 strains were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and 2 strains were also resistant to erythromycin. Among the 4 MSSA ST398 strains, 2 strains displayed multidrug resistance (MDR) and were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The accessory genome of MSSA ST398 was more diverse than that of MRSA ST398. All 4 MRSA ST398 strains carried type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements; however, MSSA ST398 carried more resistance genes than MRSA ST398. These 4 MRSA ST398 strains carried hemolysin, along with virulence genes associated with immune invasion and protease. Phylogenic analysis showed that the 4 MRSA ST398 strains clustered in 1 clade. The global ST398 phylogeny showed that ST398 was divided into an animal clade and a human clade, and the ST398 strains of this study clustered in the human clade. A small number of human strains were also present in the animal clade and vice versa, suggesting transmission of ST398 between animals and humans. In conclusion, livestock-associated MRSA ST398 has caused severe infections in Chinese hospitals, and it should therefore be paid more attention to and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ordos Central Hospital, Nei Mongol, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Li W, Dong Q, Liu Y, Ye X. Livestock-Associated and Non-Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Humans is Associated with Pig Exposure in a Dose-Response Manner. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:173-184. [PMID: 33500638 PMCID: PMC7826070 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s290655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distinction between livestock-associated and human-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become more and more blurred. This study aimed to reveal the transmission risk of livestock-associated and non-livestock-associated S. aureus (including MRSA and multidrug-resistant S. aureus [MDRSA]) by occupational pig exposure. Methods A total of 591 pig-exposed workers and 1178 non-exposed workers were enrolled in this study. All nasal S. aureus isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to examine the dose–response relationships between occupational pig exposure and S. aureus carriage. Results Pig-exposed workers had significantly higher carriage rates of MRSA (OR=6.29, 95% CI: 3.38~11.68) and MDRSA (OR=3.17, 95% CI: 2.03~4.96) than non-exposed workers. Notably, we found dose–response relationships between occupational pig exposure and MRSA or MDRSA carriage. Using genotypic and phenotypic markers for differentiating livestock-associated and non-livestock-associated S. aureus, we also revealed dose–response relationships occupational pig exposure and livestock-associated or non-livestock-associated S. aureus carriage. Conclusion Our findings provide sufficient epidemiological evidence for revealing the high transmission risk of livestock-associated S. aureus and the low transmission risk of non-livestock-associated S. aureus by occupational pig exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Dong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqun Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ye G, Huang J, Li G, Zhang J, Sun Y, Zeng D, Bao W, Zhong J, Huang Q. Clinical efficacy of intravaginal recombinant lysostaphin administration on endometritis in sows. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:746-754. [PMID: 33389826 PMCID: PMC8136942 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant lysostaphin has been used for the treatment of cow endometritis and mastitis in China. To our knowledge, no scientific effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of lysostaphin in sows with clinical endometritis. Lysostaphin, loaded in effervescent tablets that were completely foamed and dissolved within 30 min in the presence of water or body fluids and released active lysostaphin, were administered vaginally on endometritis sows in this study. The clinical recovery, bacterial clearance and reproductive performance of sows with endometritis were investigated. We found that the 400U dosage (400U lysostaphin/pill/time, repeat once on the third day, a total of two times, with 10% oxytetracycline uterine injection as a control) is the most effective treatment. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent finding (34%, n = 188), followed by Streptococcus (32%, n = 181), Escherichia coli (19%, n = 104) and other bacilli (15%, n = 83) before treatment by drugs. Administration of lysostaphin resulted in an extremely significant (p < .01) reduction in S. aureus (0.18 ± 0.25 from 4.57 ± 0.33) and Streptococcus (0.11 ± 0.14 from 3.88 ± 0.29), as well as a significant (p < .05) reduction in E. coli (0.55 ± 0.42 from 3.11 ± 0.14). Mixed infections (83%) were predominant before treatment, in contrast to single infections (61%) after treatment. Large‐scale trials were conducted to verify the clinical efficacy of lysostaphin on sow endometritis. The average cure rate of 400u lysostaphin on sow endometritis(82.5%) was higher than the antibiotic group(72.17%). In addition, our results revealed that intravaginal administration of lysostaphin had no adverse effect on the reproductive performance of sows. Thus, this lysostaphin has potential application value as a new method alternative to antibiotics to treat endometritis in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China.,Kunshan Bio-Green Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Kunshan, P.R.China
| | - Jinjiang Huang
- Kunshan Bio-Green Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Kunshan, P.R.China.,Shanghai High-Tech United Bio-Technological R&D Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Shanghai High-Tech United Bio-Technological R&D Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jien Zhang
- Shanghai High-Tech United Bio-Technological R&D Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology South, China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology South, China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Qingshan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
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Abstract
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the occurrence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in batches of pigs at slaughter and at different stages along the slaughter line. Nasal and ear skin swabs were collected from 105 batches of 10 pigs at six abattoirs. Cultures (pooled or individual) were performed for MRSA using selective media; presumptive MRSA were confirmed by mecA and nuc gene detection and a selection was spa-typed. MRSA was detected in 46 batches. All spa-types detected were those associated with LA-MRSA clonal complex 398. The proportion of positive batches varied among abattoirs (0–100%). Two abattoirs were subsequently further investigated, with samples taken at post-stunning, chiller and either at lairage or post-singe. Results suggested cross-contamination occurred between the lairage and point of post-stunning, but the slaughter processes appeared effective at reducing contamination before carcases entered the chiller. One abattoir provided only negative samples in the initial study and in the subsequent study along the slaughter line (26 batches in total), suggesting differences possibly in the MRSA status of pigs on arrival from supply farms or in its abattoir practices affecting the MRSA status of pigs at the sampling points. This study highlights that in the investigated abattoirs, MRSA was detected in 43.8% of batches of pigs at slaughter using sensitive selective culture methods.
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Genotypic Characteristics and Correlation of Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Healthy Pigs, Diseased Pigs, and Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120839. [PMID: 33255159 PMCID: PMC7760503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
China is one of the largest producers of pigs and pork in the world. However, large-scale studies on pig-associated Staphylococcus aureus in relation to healthy pigs, diseased pigs and environment are scarce. The objective of the present study was to characterize and compare S. aureus isolates from healthy pigs, diseased pigs and environment through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multiple locus sequence typing, spa typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene screening. Results showed all isolates were susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. However, 66.7% (104/156) isolates were multidrug-resistant by displaying resistance to three or more antibiotics and high rates of resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and clarithromycin were observed. Of the 20 multilocus sequence types (STs) identified among the isolates, ST9, ST188, and ST7 were most commonly isolated from healthy pigs and environment, while ST1 was most commonly isolated from diseased pigs. In total, 17 spa types were represented among the isolates, while t4792 was most commonly isolated from diseased pigs and t899, t189 were most commonly isolated from healthy pigs and environment. In conclusion, the genotypic and epidemiology characteristics observed among the isolates suggest pigs and pork could be important players in S. aureus dissemination.
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Chen C, Wu F. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) colonisation and infection among livestock workers and veterinarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106418. [PMID: 33097674 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to calculate a summary odds ratio (OR) of livestock-associated MRSA colonisation and infection in humans, and to determine specific risk factors in livestock production contributing to MRSA colonisation. METHODS We screened PubMed and Embase for studies published from 2005 to 2019 inclusive, reporting livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA colonisation and infection among livestock workers/veterinarians, their families, and community members not regularly exposed to livestock. The primary outcome of interest was the OR of LA-MRSA colonisation comparing exposed and control groups. Quality was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted to calculate a pooled OR. The heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was assessed using the I² method, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. RESULTS A total of 3490 studies were identified by the search, with 37 studies including 53 matched exposed-control groups and 14 038 participants eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled OR for LA-MRSA among livestock workers and veterinarians is 9.80 (95% CI 6.89 to 13.95; p=0.000; I2 =73.4), with no significant publication bias (Egger's p=0.66). The OR for swine workers was highest at 15.41 (95% CI 9.24 to 25.69), followed by cattle workers (11.62, 95% CI 4.60 to 29.36), veterinarians (7.63, 95% CI 3.10 to 18.74), horse workers (7.45, 95% CI 2.39 to 23.25), livestock workers (5.86, 95% CI 1.14 to 30.16), poultry workers (5.70, 95% CI 1.70 19.11), and industrial slaughterhouse workers (4.69, 95% CI 1.10 to 20.0). CONCLUSIONS Livestock workers, particularly swine farmers, are at significantly higher risk for LA-MRSA colonisation and subsequent infection. These results support the need for preventive practices to reduce LA-MRSA risk among those who handle and treat livestock. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019120403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Felicia Wu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Bandyopadhyay S, Samanta I. Antimicrobial Resistance in Agri-Food Chain and Companion Animals as a Re-emerging Menace in Post-COVID Epoch: Low-and Middle-Income Countries Perspective and Mitigation Strategies. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:620. [PMID: 33195500 PMCID: PMC7581709 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to enormous financial losses from issues such as high morbidity, mortality, man-days lost, hospital length of stay, health-care, and social costs. In humans, over prescription of antimicrobials, which is presumably higher during COVID, has been identified as the major source of selection for antimicrobial resistant bacteria; however, use of antimicrobials in food and companion animals, fish, and vegetables, and the environmental resistance gene pool, also play important roles. The possibilities of unnecessary use of antibiotics as prophylaxis during and after COVID in livestock and companion animals exist in low-and middle-income countries. A considerable loss in gross domestic product (GDP) is also projected in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to AMR by the year 2050, which is further going to be reduced due to economic slowdown in the post-COVID period. Veterinary hospitals dedicated to pets have cropped up, especially in urban areas of LMICs where use of antimicrobials has also been increased substantially. The inevitable preventive habit built up during COVID with the frequent use of hand sanitizer might trigger AMR due to the presence of cross-resistance with disinfectants. In LMICs, due to the rising demand for animal protein, industrial food animal production (IFAP) is slowly replacing the small-scale backyard farming system. The lack of stringent regulations and monitoring increased the non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials in industrial farms where the persistence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has been associated with several factors other than antimicrobial use, such as co-resistance, cross-resistance, bacterial fitness, mixing of new and old animals, and vectors or reservoirs of bacterial infection. The present review describes types of antimicrobials used in agri-food chains and companion animals in LMICs with identification of the gap in data, updated categories of prevalent antimicrobial resistant bacteria, the role of animal farms as reservoirs of resistant bacteria, and mitigation strategies, with a special focus on the pivotal strategy needed in the post-COVID period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Tomao P, Pirolo M, Agnoletti F, Pantosti A, Battisti A, Di Martino G, Visaggio D, Monaco M, Franco A, Pimentel de Araujo F, Palei M, Benini N, Motta C, Bovo C, Di Renzi S, Vonesch N, Visca P. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dairy farms in North-eastern Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 332:108817. [PMID: 32777624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus along the dairy production chain is an emerging public health problem with human, veterinary, and food safety issues. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has steadily increased in several European countries. In this study, the prevalence of S. aureus in raw cow milk and farm workers was investigated, and the trajectories of MRSA transmission at the primary stage of the dairy chain were assessed. To this purpose, a longitudinal survey was conducted in 618 dairy farms in two contiguous regions with high livestock density in North-eastern Italy. S. aureus contamination of bulk tank milk (BTM) was observed in more than 80% of farms, while MRSA prevalence was 3.6% and 15.9% in BTM and farm workers, respectively. The majority of MRSA isolates from both BTM and farm workers were assigned to ST398, and showed a worrisome multidrug-resistant phenotype. Enterotoxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected in 11.5% and 4.9% of MRSA isolates from both sources. Nearly all MRSA isolates from workers belonged to the same epidemiological type as BTM isolates from the corresponding farm, denoting a bidirectional MRSA transmission pattern. A focus on the ST398 spa type t899 MRSA lineage in the Italian livestock system highlighted the presence of two major clusters whose dissemination was likely facilitated by the selective pressure imposed by antimicrobial use in animal farming. Our findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of MRSA along the dairy production chain, not only to avoid transmission between animals and exposed workers, but also to contain the risk of raw milk and dairy product contamination by multidrug resistant and toxigenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tomao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Agnoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Battisti
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Di Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Monica Monaco
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Franco
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manlio Palei
- Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Direzione Centrale Salute, Integrazione Sociosanitaria e Politiche Sociali-Servizio Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Motta
- Ulss20 Verona, Direzione Sanitaria, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bovo
- Ulss20 Verona, Direzione Sanitaria, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Di Renzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vonesch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
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George AN, Stewart JR, Evans JC, Gibson JM. Risk of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Dispersion from Hog Farms: A Critical Review. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:1645-1665. [PMID: 32406956 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared antibiotic resistance "one of the biggest threats to global health." Mounting evidence suggests that antibiotic use in industrial-scale hog farming is contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. To capture available evidence on these risks, we searched peer-reviewed studies published before June 2017 and conducted a meta-analysis of these studies' estimates of the prevalence of swine-associated, antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in animals, humans, and the environment. The 166 relevant studies revealed consistent evidence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in hog herds (55.3%) raised with antibiotics. MRSA prevalence was also substantial in slaughterhouse pigs (30.4%), industrial hog operation workers (24.4%), and veterinarians (16.8%). The prevalence of swine-associated, multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA)-with resistance to three or more antibiotics-is not as well documented. Nonetheless, sufficient studies were available to estimate MDRSA pooled prevalence in conventional hog operation workers (15.0%), workers' household members (13.0%), and community members (5.37%). Evidence also suggests that antibiotic-resistant S. aureus can be present in air, soil, water, and household surface samples gathered in or near high-intensity hog operations. An important caveat is that prevalence estimates for humans reflect colonization, not active infection, and the health risks of colonization remain poorly understood. In addition, these pooled results may not represent risks in specific locations, due to wide geographic variation. Nonetheless, these results underscore the need for additional preventive action to stem the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens from livestock operations and a streamlined reporting system to track this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N George
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jill R Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica C Evans
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Hidajat M, de Vocht F. Occupational zoonoses potential in Southeast Asia. Occup Med (Lond) 2020; 70:323-326. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hidajat
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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