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Zhu Z, Lou G, Luo Y, Yihunie K, Hoar J, Daniel JA, Evers BM, Yao C, Wu T. Aging Compromises Terminal Differentiation Program of Cytotoxic Effector Lineage and Promotes Exhaustion in CD8 + T Cells Responding to Coronavirus Infection. Aging Cell 2025:e70109. [PMID: 40396260 DOI: 10.1111/acel.70109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
T cell aging increases the risk of viral infection-related morbidity and mortality and reduces vaccine efficacy in the elderly. A major hallmark of T cell aging is the loss of quiescence and shift toward terminal differentiation during homeostasis. However, how aging impacts the differentiation program of virus-specific T cells during infection is unclear. Here, in a murine coronavirus (MHV) infection model with age-associated increased mortality, we demonstrate that aging impairs, instead of promoting, the terminal differentiation program of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Upon infection, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in old mice showed marked reduction in clonal expansion and upregulation of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics showed that aging upregulated the T cell exhaustion transcriptional program associated with TOX in virus-specific CD8+ T cells and shifted the myeloid compartment from immunostimulatory to immunosuppressive phenotype. In addition, aging downregulated the transcriptional program of terminally differentiated effector CD8+ T cells and diminished the CX3CR1+ cytotoxic effector lineage. Mechanistically, virus-specific CD8+ T cells from infected aged mice displayed defects in inducing transcription factors ZEB2 and KLF2, which were required for terminal differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. Together, our study shows that aging impairs terminal differentiation and promotes exhaustion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells responding to coronavirus infection through dysregulating expression of lineage-defining transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Immunology Ph.D. Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guohua Lou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kiddist Yihunie
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Hoar
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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Yang A, Zhou M, Gao Y, Zhang Y. Mechanisms of CD8 + T cell exhaustion and its clinical significance in prognosis of anti-tumor therapies: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 159:114843. [PMID: 40394796 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has gradually become one of the main strategies for cancer treatment, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offering new possibilities for tumor therapy. However, some cancer patients exhibit low responses and resistance to ICIs treatment. T cell exhaustion, a process associated with tumor progression, refers to a subset of T cells that progressively lose effector functions and exhibit increased expression of inhibitory receptors. These exhausted T cells are considered key players in the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, understanding the impact of T cell exhaustion on tumor immunotherapy and the underlying mechanisms is critical for improving clinical treatment outcomes. Several elegant studies have provided insights into the prognostic value of exhausted T cells in cancers. In this review, we highlight the process of exhausted T cells and its predictive value in various cancers, as well as the relevant mechanisms behind it, providing new insights into the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrui Yang
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Ojo OA, Shen H, Ingram JT, Bonner JA, Welner RS, Lacaud G, Zajac AJ, Shi LZ. Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8 + T cells during chronic infection and cancer. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4542. [PMID: 40374625 PMCID: PMC12081725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/17/2025] Open
Abstract
During chronic infection and tumor progression, CD8+ T cells lose their effector functions and become exhausted. These exhausted CD8+ T cells are heterogeneous and comprised of progenitors that give rise to effector-like or terminally-exhausted cells. The precise cues and mechanisms directing subset formation are incompletely understood. Here, we show that growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) is dynamically regulated in exhausted CD8+ T cells. During chronic LCMV Clone 13 infection, a previously under-described Ly108+CX3CR1+ subset expresses low levels of Gfi1 while other established subsets have high expression. Ly108+CX3CR1+ cells possess distinct chromatin profiles and represent a transitory subset that develops to effector-like and terminally-exhausted cells, a process dependent on Gfi1. Similarly, Gfi1 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells is required for the formation of terminally differentiated cells and endogenous as well as anti-CTLA-induced anti-tumor responses. Taken together, Gfi1 is a key regulator of the subset formation of exhausted CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbemiga A Ojo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer T Ingram
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James A Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Immunology Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Allan J Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Immunology Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lewis Z Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Immunology Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Wang HL, Li S, Ma CC, Zheng XH, Wu HY, Chang CX, Yang ZH, Wang JW, Pan FM, Zhao B. Characterization and prognostic of CD8 + TIM3 + CD101 + T cells in glioblastoma multiforme. Cell Biosci 2025; 15:60. [PMID: 40375334 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-025-01390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a pervasive and aggressive malignant brain tumor. In the tumor immune microenvironment, CD8 + TIM3 + CD101 + T cells (CCT cells) play a pivotal role in tumor progression and immune evasion. This study aimed to characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CCT cells, establish a prognostic model for GBM, and explore clinical implications. METHODS Analysis of data from TCGA, CGGA, and GEO databases included whole-genome expression profiles, clinical data, single nucleotide mutations, and single-cell RNA sequencing. DEGs were identified, and cell trajectories were constructed using Seurat, Monocle 2, and CellChat packages. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted with clusterProfiler, and a prognostic model was developed. Immune infiltration and drug sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate therapeutic implications. RESULTS Eight distinct cell types were distinguished, encompassing T cells, macrophages, neurons, mural cells, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, fibroblasts, and B cells. Comparative analysis revealed differences in these cell types between GBM samples with new adjuvant therapy and initial diagnosis controls. Pseudotime analysis indicated CD8 + TIM3 + CD101-T cells as precursors to CCT cells, unveiling unique gene expression patterns during this transition. The prognostic model, incorporating 22 gene features via LASSO regression, demonstrated strong predictive ability through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Analysis of 28 immune cell types revealed differences between high-risk and low-risk groups, providing insights into GBM's immune evasion mechanisms. Drug sensitivity analysis proposed potential therapeutic strategies for high-risk patients. CONCLUSION This study offers an in-depth understanding of CCT cells in GBM, introducing a novel prognostic model and suggesting promising therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xi Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fa-Ming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Hu W, Shawn Hu S, Zhu S, Peng W, Badovinac VP, Zang C, Zhao X, Xue HH. Hdac1 as an early determinant of intermediate-exhausted CD8 + T cell fate in chronic viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2502256122. [PMID: 40333757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2502256122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The exhausted CD8+ T (TEX) cells consist of distinct subsets including Tcf1+ stem-like, Tcf1-Cx3cr1+ intermediate (TEX-int) and Tcf1-Cx3cr1- terminally exhausted cells; yet, epigenetic determinants of TEX subset differentiation remain incompletely understood. Using chronic viral infection, we show that histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) was specifically required for the formation of antigen-specific TEX-int cells at the effector phase of responses. Single-cell transcriptomics validated that Hdac1 deficiency depleted TEX-int cells and revealed that Hdac1 was critical for positive regulation of TEX-int-characteristic genes, including Cx3cr1, Cxcr6, and Klf2. Furthermore, profiling chromatin accessibility landscape in TEX subsets demonstrated that loss of Hdac1 resulted in a prevalent increase in chromatin open state, as evidently observed at the exhaustion program genes, which were linked to induced expression of exhaustion-inducing Tox transcription factor, PD1 and Lag3 coinhibitory receptors in TEX cells. Hdac1 thus has dual regulatory functions: promoting TEX-int cell fate and preventing excessive activation of the exhaustion program to curtail uncontrolled virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110
| | - Shengen Shawn Hu
- Department of Genome Sciences and University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Shaoqi Zhu
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | | | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Genome Sciences and University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110
- Division of Research and Development, New Jersey Veterans Affairs Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018
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6
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Broomfield BJ, Tan CW, Qin RZ, Abberger H, Duckworth BC, Alvarado C, Dalit L, Lee CL, Shandre Mugan R, Mazrad ZA, Muramatsu H, Mackiewicz L, Williams BE, Chen J, Takanashi A, Fabb S, Pellegrini M, Rogers KL, Moon WJ, Pouton CW, Davis MJ, Nutt SL, Pardi N, Wimmer VC, Groom JR. Transient inhibition of type I interferon enhances CD8+ T cell stemness and vaccine protection. J Exp Med 2025; 222:e20241148. [PMID: 40062995 PMCID: PMC11893171 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20241148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Developing vaccines that promote CD8+ T cell memory is a challenge for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy. TCF-1+ stem cell-like memory CD8+ T (TSCM) cells are important determinants of long-lived memory. Yet, the developmental requirements for TSCM cell formation are unclear. Here, we identify the temporal window for type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) blockade to drive TSCM cell generation following viral infection and mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccination. We reveal a reversible developmental trajectory where transcriptionally distinct TSCM cells emerged from a transitional precursor of exhausted T cellular state concomitant with viral clearance. TSCM cell differentiation correlated with T cell retention within the lymph node paracortex due to disrupted CXCR3 chemokine gradient formation. These effects were linked to increased antigen load and a counterintuitive increase in IFNγ, which controlled cell location. Vaccination with the IFNAR blockade promoted TSCM cell differentiation and enhanced protection against chronic infection. These findings propose an approach to vaccine design whereby modulation of inflammation promotes memory formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Broomfield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Raymond Z. Qin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hanna Abberger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brigette C. Duckworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carolina Alvarado
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lennard Dalit
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chee Leng Lee
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rekha Shandre Mugan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zihnil A.I. Mazrad
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bailey E. Williams
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Asuka Takanashi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stewart Fabb
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Colin W. Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Davis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Verena C. Wimmer
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanna R. Groom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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7
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Li J, Tan C, Yang J, Xiang Z, Wang Y, Shen M, Zhu S, He T, Liang X, Shao B, Li H, Li Z, Liu L, Gong C. Radiotherapy-immunomodulated nanoplatform triggers both hypoxic and normoxic tumor associated antigens generation for robust abscopal effect and sustained immune memory. Biomaterials 2025; 316:123005. [PMID: 39700533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) induced abscopal effect has garnered substantial attention, nevertheless, it is rarely observed in clinics, due to the tumor hypoxia-related radioresistance, inadequate immune stimulation, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we construct a radiotherapy-immunomodulated nanoplatform (THUNDER), which synergizes with RT and greatly triggers the generation of both hypoxic and normoxic tumor cells-derived tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), resulting in robust abscopal effect and sustained immune memory. THUNDER exhibits prolonged blood circulation and high tumor retention capacity. When combined with RT, THUNDER effectively destructs both hypoxic and normoxic tumor cells, facilitating the substantial release of TAAs from both cell types, which further promotes the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), thus forming powerful immune stimulation and initiating systemic anti-tumor immunity. In murine models, the combination of THUNDER and RT efficiently suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, the further combination with PD-L1 blockade yields noteworthy suppression of distant metastasis and tumor recurrence, resulting in a 5.2-fold augmentation in CD8+ T lymphocytes within distant tumors and a 2.8-fold increase in effector memory T cells in the spleen. In conclusion, the radiotherapy-immunomodulated nanoplatform presents an effective strategy for combating tumor metastases and recurrence by eliciting both hypoxic and normoxic TAAs, offering a significant avenue for radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Chenfeng Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongzheng Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meiling Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shunyao Zhu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuqi Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bianfei Shao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhike Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Bhutani B, Sharma V, Ganguly NK, Rana R. Unravelling the modified T cell receptor through Gen-Next CAR T cell therapy in Glioblastoma: Current status and future challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2025; 186:117987. [PMID: 40117901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite current technological advancements in the treatment of glioma, immediate alleviation of symptoms can be catered by therapeutic modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, and combinatorial radiotherapy that exploit aberrations of glioma. Additionally, a small number of target antigens, their heterogeneity, and immune evasion are the potential reasons for developing targeted therapies. This oncologic milestone has catalyzed interest in developing immunotherapies against Glioblastoma to improve overall survival and cure patients with high-grade glioma. The next-gen CAR-T Cell therapy is one of the effective immunotherapeutic strategies in which autologous T cells have been modified to express receptors against GBM and it modulates cytotoxicity. METHODS In this review article, we examine preclinical and clinical outcomes, and limitations as well as present cutting-edge techniques to improve the function of CAR-T cell therapy and explore the possibility of combination therapy. FINDINGS To date, several CAR T-cell therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for GBM and other brain malignancies and multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. IMPLICATIONS CAR-T cell therapy represents a promising therapeutic paradigm in the treatment of solid tumors but a few limitations include, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), antigen escape, tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor heterogeneity, and its plasticity that suppresses immune responses weakens the ability of this therapy. Additional investigation is required that can accurately identify the targets and reflect the similar architecture of glioblastoma, thus optimizing the efficiency of CAR-T cell therapy; allowing for the selection of patients most likely to benefit from immuno-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Bhutani
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Vyoma Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India.
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9
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Möller AM, Vettermann S, Baumann F, Pütter M, Müller D. Trifunctional antibody-cytokine fusion protein formats for tumor-targeted combination of IL-15 with IL-7 or IL-21. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1498697. [PMID: 40370435 PMCID: PMC12075275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1498697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Cytokines from the common gamma chain receptor family, such as IL-15, IL-21 and IL-7, show promise for cancer immunotherapy and have been incorporated individually into the immunocytokine approach. However, their efficacy as monotherapy is limited. Here, we investigated the molecular design of tumor-directed trifunctional antibody-cytokine fusion proteins for a combinatorial approach of IL-15 with either IL-7 or IL-21. Various fusion proteins differing in antibody format, cytokine composition and arrangement were generated and cooperative cytokine activity assessed in solution and bound to target cells. Comparative analysis revealed that formats with cytokines positioned at the N- and C-termini of the antibody were more effective than those arranged in series. For the former design, cooperative effects were observed with the scFv-based (IL-15+IL-7) trifunctional fusion protein, primarily enhancing the proliferation of naive T cells, while the scFv/Fab-based (IL-15+IL-21) trifunctional fusion proteins enhanced IFN-y release and the cytotoxic potential of T cells. Combining cytokines in the two-in-one molecule approach was principally advantageous when bound to target cells. Greater potency in inducing JAK-STAT pathway activation highlighted the importance of cytokine colocalization for cooperative receptor activation. Compared to the Fab-based (IL-15+IL-21) format, the scFv-based (IL-15+IL-21) format displayed a tendency towards higher activity in targeted and lower activity in untargeted settings, emphasizing the targeted concept. Thus, this study underscores the importance of molecular design in developing trifunctional immunocytokines and identified the scFv-based trifunctional (IL-15+IL-21) fusion protein, with the antibody in the central position, as a particularly promising candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dafne Müller
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Kolland D, Kuhlmann M, de Almeida GP, Köhler A, Arifovic A, von Strempel A, Pourjam M, Bolsega S, Wurmser C, Steiger K, Basic M, Neuhaus K, Schmidt-Weber CB, Stecher B, Zehn D, Ohnmacht C. A specific microbial consortium enhances Th1 immunity, improves LCMV viral clearance but aggravates LCMV disease pathology in mice. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3902. [PMID: 40274773 PMCID: PMC12022176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral immunity can vary tremendously from individual to individual but mechanistic understanding is still scarce. Here, we show that a defined, low complex bacterial community (OMM12) but not the general absence of microbes in germ-free mice leads to a more potent immune response compared to the microbiome of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice after a systemic viral infection with LCMV Clone-13. Consequently, gnotobiotic mice colonized with OMM12 have more severe LCMV-induced disease pathology but also enhance viral clearance in the intestinal tract. Mechanistically, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of adoptively transferred virus-specific T helper cells and endogenous T helper cells in the intestinal tract reveal a stronger pro-inflammatory Th1 profile and a more vigorous expansion in OMM12 than SPF mice. Altogether, our work highlights the causative function of the intestinal microbiome for shaping adaptive anti-viral immunity with implications for vaccination strategies and anti-cancer treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Kolland
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Kuhlmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gustavo P de Almeida
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Center for Infection Prevention (ZIP), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Amelie Köhler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Anela Arifovic
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Strempel
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohsen Pourjam
- Core Facility Microbiome ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Wurmser
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Center for Infection Prevention (ZIP), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Center for Infection Prevention (ZIP), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Wang K, Ou K, Zeng Y, Yue C, Zhuo Y, Wang L, Chen H, Tu S. Epigenetic landscapes drive CAR-T cell kinetics and fate decisions: Bridging persistence and resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2025; 211:104729. [PMID: 40246258 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for B-cell malignancies and holds promise for solid tumor immunotherapy. However, CAR-T-cell therapy still faces many challenges, especially primary and secondary resistance. Some mechanisms of resistance, including CAR-T-cell dysfunction, an inhibitory tumor microenvironment, and tumor-intrinsic resistance, have been identified in previous studies. As insights into CAR-T-cell biology have increased, the role of epigenetic reprogramming in influencing the clinical effectiveness of CAR-T cells has become increasingly recognized. An increasing number of direct and indirect epigenetic targeting methods are being developed in combination with CAR-T-cell therapy. In this review, we emphasize the broad pharmacological links between epigenetic therapies and CAR-T-cell therapy, not only within CAR-T cells but also involving tumors and the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the mechanisms through which epigenetic therapies promote CAR-T-cell therapy, we provide a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic basis of CAR-T-cell kinetics and differentiation, tumor-intrinsic factors and the microenvironment. We also describe some epigenetic strategies that have implications for CAR-T-cell therapy in the present and future. Because targeting epigenetics can have pleiotropic effects, developing more selective and less toxic targeting strategies and determining the optimal administration strategy in clinical trials are the focus of the next phase of research. In summary, we highlight the possible mechanisms and clinical potential of epigenetic regulation in CAR-T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kaixin Ou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Yifei Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Yaqi Zhuo
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Langqi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Sanfang Tu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
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12
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Notaro M, Borghetti M, Bresesti C, Giacca G, Kerzel T, Mercado CM, Beretta S, Monti M, Merelli I, Iaia S, Genua M, Annoni A, Canu T, Cristofori P, Degl'Innocenti S, Sanvito F, Rancoita PMV, Ostuni R, Gregori S, Naldini L, Squadrito ML. In vivo armed macrophages curb liver metastasis through tumor-reactive T-cell rejuvenation. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3471. [PMID: 40216735 PMCID: PMC11992024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in cancer treatment, liver metastases persist as an unmet clinical need. Here, we show that arming liver and tumor-associated macrophages in vivo to co-express tumor antigens (TAs), IFNα, and IL-12 unleashes robust anti-tumor immune responses, leading to the regression of liver metastases. Mechanistically, in vivo armed macrophages expand tumor reactive CD8+ T cells, which acquire features of progenitor exhausted T cells and kill cancer cells independently of CD4+ T cell help. IFNα and IL-12 produced by armed macrophages reprogram antigen presenting cells and rewire cellular interactions, rescuing tumor reactive T cell functions. In vivo armed macrophages trigger anti-tumor immunity in distinct liver metastasis mouse models of colorectal cancer and melanoma, expressing either surrogate tumor antigens, naturally occurring neoantigens or tumor-associated antigens. Altogether, our findings support the translational potential of in vivo armed liver macrophages to expand and rejuvenate tumor reactive T cells for the treatment of liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Notaro
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maristella Borghetti
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bresesti
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giacca
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Kerzel
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carl Mirko Mercado
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Beretta
- BioInformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Monti
- BioInformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- BioInformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Iaia
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit and Immune Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Genua
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Annoni
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit and Immune Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cristofori
- GLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Degl'Innocenti
- GLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- GLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Renato Ostuni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit and Immune Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Leonardo Squadrito
- Vector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Wang Y, Chen YG, Ahn KW, Lin CW. A realistic FastQ-based framework FastQDesign for ScRNA-seq study design issues. Commun Biol 2025; 8:547. [PMID: 40175506 PMCID: PMC11965523 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful technology for characterizing transcriptomic profiles at single-cell resolution. It is crucial to consider both the number of cells and sequencing depth during library preparation. The existing methods are primarily simulation-based, rely on Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) matrix, and have little context in the actual FastQ reads. Here we propose the first FastQ-based study design framework, named "FastQDesign," which leverages raw FastQ files from publicly available datasets as references and suggests an optimal design within a fixed budget. We demonstrate our framework through a synthetic dataset and applications to nine real-world datasets. Our study underscores the importance of an appropriate design to investigate the biology of heterogeneous cell populations and offers practical guidance considering cost-benefit trade-offs. A high-efficiency software suite is available at https://github.com/yuw444/FastQDesign .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Data Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kwang Woo Ahn
- Division of Biostatistics, Data Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Data Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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14
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Xu H, Yang M, Liu S, Zheng F, Li Y, Li Y, Wang C, Qian J, Zhao Y, Yang S, Sun M, Song X, Guo R, Zhou J, Fan B, Li B. Constructions and immunogenicity evaluations of two porcine epdemic diarrhea virus-like particle vaccines. Vet Microbiol 2025; 303:110451. [PMID: 40048881 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causing acute diarrhea, dehydration, and up to 100 % mortality in neonatal suckling piglets, leading to huge economic losses in the global swine industry. Vaccination remains the most promising and effective way to prevent and control PEDV. In this study, we produced PEDV virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of S, M, and E proteins with a baculovirus expression system and a mammalian expression system. The S, M, and E proteins were effectively expressed and successfully assembled into VLPs. Subsequently, S subunits and commercially inactivated vaccines were selected and compared with two VLPs vaccines for immune efficacy through mouse immunization. The results showed that both VLPs induced higher levels of IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation indexes and T, B cell ratios. Compared with the baculovirus VLPs, the mammalian VLPs exhibited better effects in inducing neutralizing antibodies, lymphocyte proliferations, and IFN-γ. These data indicated that the PEDV VLPs vaccine constructed using the mammalian expression system has better immune efficacy and has the potential to serve as a novel PEDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | | | - YuPeng Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Min Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China.
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15
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Rausch L, Kallies A. Molecular Mechanisms Governing CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 2025; 43:515-543. [PMID: 40279308 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-044122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2025]
Abstract
CD8 T cells play a critical role in antitumor immunity. However, over time, they often become dysfunctional or exhausted and ultimately fail to control tumor growth. To effectively harness CD8 T cells for cancer immunotherapy, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that govern their differentiation and function is crucial. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the molecular pathways that regulate CD8 T cell heterogeneity and function in chronic infection and cancer and outlines how T cells respond to therapeutic checkpoint blockade. We explore how T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors influence CD8 T cell differentiation, fate choices, and functional states and ultimately dictate their response to therapy. Identifying cells that orchestrate long-term antitumor immunity and understanding the mechanisms that govern their development and persistence are critical steps toward improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rausch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
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16
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McManus DT, Valanparambil RM, Medina CB, Scharer CD, McGuire DJ, Sobierajska E, Hu Y, Chang DY, Wieland A, Lee J, Nasti TH, Hashimoto M, Ross JL, Prokhnevska N, Cardenas MA, Gill AL, Clark EC, Abadie K, Kumar AJ, Kaye J, Au-Yeung BB, Kueh HY, Kissick HT, Ahmed R. An early precursor CD8 + T cell that adapts to acute or chronic viral infection. Nature 2025; 640:772-781. [PMID: 39778710 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
This study examines the origin and differentiation of stem-like CD8+ T cells that are essential for sustained T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer and also have a key role in PD-1 directed immunotherapy1-10. These PD-1+TCF-1+TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells (also known as precursors of exhausted T cells8,9) have a distinct program that enables them to adapt to chronic antigen stimulation. Here, using the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, we find that virus-specific stem-like CD8+ T cells are generated early (day 5) during chronic infection, suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of the infection outcome. Indeed, we find that nearly identical populations of stem-like CD8+ T cells were generated early during acute or chronic LCMV infection, and that antigen was essential for maintaining the stem-like phenotype. We performed reciprocal adoptive transfer experiments to determine the fate of these early stem-like CD8+ T cells after viral clearance versus persistence. After transfer of day 5 stem-like CD8+ T cells from chronically infected mice into acutely infected mice, these cells downregulated canonical markers of the chronic stem-like CD8+ T cells and expressed markers (CD127 and CD62L) associated with central memory CD8+ T cells. Reciprocally, when day 5 stem-like cells from acutely infected mice were transferred into chronically infected mice, these CD8+ T cells functioned like chronic resource cells and responded effectively to PD-1 therapy. These findings highlight the ability of these early PD-1+TCF-1+TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells to adapt their differentiation trajectory to either an acute or a chronic viral infection. Importantly, our study shows that the host is prepared a priori to deal with a potential chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T McManus
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajesh M Valanparambil
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher B Medina
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald J McGuire
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ewelina Sobierajska
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yinghong Hu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Y Chang
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judong Lee
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tahseen H Nasti
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Masao Hashimoto
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nataliya Prokhnevska
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Cardenas
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda L Gill
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisa C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Abadie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arjun J Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Byron B Au-Yeung
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hao Yuan Kueh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Yuan S, Sun R, Shi H, Chapman NM, Hu H, Guy C, Rankin S, Kc A, Palacios G, Meng X, Sun X, Zhou P, Yang X, Gottschalk S, Chi H. VDAC2 loss elicits tumour destruction and inflammation for cancer therapy. Nature 2025; 640:1062-1071. [PMID: 40108474 PMCID: PMC12018455 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Tumour cells often evade immune pressure exerted by CD8+ T cells or immunotherapies through mechanisms that are largely unclear1,2. Here, using complementary in vivo and in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens to target metabolic factors, we established voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) as an immune signal-dependent checkpoint that curtails interferon-γ (IFNγ)-mediated tumour destruction and inflammatory reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment. Targeting VDAC2 in tumour cells enabled IFNγ-induced cell death and cGAS-STING activation, and markedly improved anti-tumour effects and immunotherapeutic responses. Using a genome-scale genetic interaction screen, we identified BAK as the mediator of VDAC2-deficiency-induced effects. Mechanistically, IFNγ stimulation increased BIM, BID and BAK expression, with VDAC2 deficiency eliciting uncontrolled IFNγ-induced BAK activation and mitochondrial damage. Consequently, mitochondrial DNA was aberrantly released into the cytosol and triggered robust activation of cGAS-STING signalling and type I IFN response. Importantly, co-deletion of STING signalling components dampened the therapeutic effects of VDAC2 depletion in tumour cells, suggesting that targeting VDAC2 integrates CD8+ T cell- and IFNγ-mediated adaptive immunity with a tumour-intrinsic innate immune-like response. Together, our findings reveal VDAC2 as a dual-action target to overcome tumour immune evasion and establish the importance of coordinately destructing and inflaming tumours to enable efficacious cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Yuan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Renqiang Sun
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sherri Rankin
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anil Kc
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Yang
- Experimental Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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18
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Chen L, Lin J, Wen Y, Guo ZQ, Lan B, Xiong J, Chen CB, Chen Y. DNA-PKcs Dysfunction Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Radioimmunotherapy by Activating the cGAS-STING Pathway in HNSCC. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:4177-4193. [PMID: 40129873 PMCID: PMC11930847 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s497295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Combining radiotherapy (RT) with immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has limited effectiveness due to the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway activated by ionizing radiation. DNA-PK, encoded by the PRKDC gene, plays a key role in this repair. The potential improvement of radioimmunotherapy by inhibiting the DDR pathway is still unclear. Methods The effectiveness of different treatments on tumor growth and survival was tested using the C3H/HeN mouse tumor model. Flow cytometry analyzed treatment-induced immunophenotypic changes. In vitro, Western blot and PCR confirmed the impact of combining immunotherapy with RT on the cGAS-STING pathway after DNA-PKcs dysfunction. Results The combination of a DNA-PK inhibitor (NU7441), radiation therapy, and a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor showed improved antitumor effects and extended survival in mice. Adding NU7441 into the RT and immunotherapy regimen increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. PRKDC alterations or DNA-PKcs dysfunction increased IR-induced DNA breaks, activating the cGAS-STING pathway and boosting the anti-tumor immune response. Conclusion These findings suggest that targeting the DDR pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy and biomarker to improve the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wen
- Department of Drug Research and Development, Fujian Institute of microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Lan
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiani Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Ben Chen
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Kang Z, Chen L, Li P, Zheng Z, Shen J, Xiao Z, Miao Y, Yang Y, Chen Q. A polyvalent vaccine for selectively killing tumor-associated bacteria to prevent cancer metastasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eadt0341. [PMID: 40085697 PMCID: PMC11908479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adt0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Specific bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sanguis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus xylosus, have been identified as contributors to breast cancer metastasis. Due to limitations such as lack of selectivity, traditional antibiotic therapies face obstacles in eliminating intratumoral bacteria. Herein, this work proposes the use of therapeutic vaccines to selectively target and eliminate harmful bacteria within tumors. A multivalent vaccine encapsulating both insoluble and soluble bacterial antigens was developed, addressing the shortcomings of traditional antibacterial vaccines by balancing broad antigen coverage with effective immune activation. This vaccine induces robust downstream immune responses to eliminate F. nucleatum, S. sanguis, E. faecalis, and S. xylosus, demonstrating notable therapeutic and preventive efficacy in bacteria-induced cancer metastasis models. Unexpectedly, vaccinated infected mice showed even slower tumor metastasis than uninfected mice. Overall, this study validates the potential of nanovaccines in modulating the intratumoral microbiome for tumor therapy and highlights tumor-associated bacterial infections as potential promising antitumor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linfu Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pengxing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhisheng Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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20
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Huang YJ, Ngiow SF, Baxter AE, Manne S, Park SL, Wu JE, Khan O, Giles JR, Wherry EJ. Continuous expression of TOX safeguards exhausted CD8 T cell epigenetic fate. Sci Immunol 2025; 10:eado3032. [PMID: 40053604 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ado3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
Although checkpoint blockade temporarily improves exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cell function, the underlying Tex epigenetic landscape remains largely unchanged, preventing durable Tex "reinvigoration" in cancer and chronic infections. The transcription factor TOX initiates Tex epigenetic programming, yet it remains unclear whether TOX continually preserves Tex biology after Tex establishment. Here, we demonstrated that induced TOX ablation in committed Tex cells resulted in apoptotic-driven loss of Tex cells, reduced expression of inhibitory receptors, and decreased terminal differentiation. Gene expression and epigenetic profiling revealed a critical role for TOX in maintaining chromatin accessibility and transcriptional patterns in committed Tex cells. Moreover, TOX removal endows established Tex cells with greater fate flexibility to differentiate into more functional effector-like T cells. Thus, continuous TOX expression in established Tex cells acts as a durable epigenetic barrier reinforcing the Tex developmental fate. TOX manipulation even after Tex establishment could therefore provide therapeutic opportunities to rewire Tex cells in chronic infections or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui J Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Jin L, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Wang P, Sun X, Hao J, Jin R, Lu D, Ge Q. Epigenetic Regulation of CD8 + Effector T Cell Differentiation by PDCD5. Eur J Immunol 2025; 55:e202451388. [PMID: 40111008 PMCID: PMC11924876 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification plays a crucial role in establishing the transcriptional program that governs the differentiation of CD8+ effector T cells. However, the mechanisms by which this process is regulated at an early stage, prior to the expression of master transcription factors, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we have identified PDCD5 as an activation-induced molecule that is necessary for the proper differentiation and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ effector T cells in a mouse model of chronic viral infection. The genetic deletion of Pdcd5 resulted in impaired differentiation and function of effector T cells, while T-cell activation, metabolic reprogramming, and the differentiation of memory/exhausted T cells were largely unaffected. At the molecular level, we observed reduced chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity of Tbx21 and its regulated genes in Pdcd5-/- CD8+ T cells. We further identified that PRDM9 facilitates the H3K4me3 modification of genes associated with the effector phenotype in CD8+ T cells. The interaction between PDCD5 and PRDM9 promotes the nuclear translocation and lysine methyltransferase activity of PRDM9. Collectively, these findings highlight the crucial role of the PDCD5/PRDM9 axis in epigenetic reprogramming during the early stages of fate determination for effector CD8+ T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems BiomedicinePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems BiomedicinePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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22
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Zawidzka EM, Biavati L, Thomas A, Zanettini C, Marchionni L, Leone R, Borrello I. Tumor-specific CD8 + T cells from the bone marrow resist exhaustion and exhibit increased persistence in tumor-bearing hosts as compared with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2025; 13:e009367. [PMID: 40010772 PMCID: PMC11865787 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is now an integral aspect of cancer therapy. Strategies employing adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have seen the establishment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells using peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with significant clinical results. The bone marrow (BM) is an immunological niche housing T cells with specificity for previously encountered antigens, including tumor-associated antigens from certain solid cancers. This study sought to improve our understanding of tumor-specific BM T cells in the context of solid tumors by comparing them with TILs, and to assess whether there is a rationale for using the BM as a source of T cells for ACT against solid malignancies. METHODS We used the murine B16 melanoma model examining both the endogenous OVA-specific T cell response using an OVA-specific tetramer or examining the OVA-specific response with OVA-specific transgenic CD8+ (OT-1) T cells. Specifically, we compared baseline intrinsic properties of TILs or BM T cells from tumor-bearing mice and their changes following adoptive transfer in the tumor and bone marrow (as well as other compartments when indicated). RESULTS In tumor-bearing mice, endogenous tumor-specific T cells could be detected in the BM early in the course of tumor progression and possessed a more stem-cell-like and memory phenotype in an unsupervised cluster analysis compared with TILs which appeared more exhausted. The BM and tumor microenvironments significantly impact the fate of T cells. Naïve OT-1 transferred T cells acquired an exhausted phenotype in the tumor but maintained a more memory-like phenotype in the BM with tumor progression. Importantly, in a competitive transfer experiment, BM T cells infiltrated the tumor more efficiently than TILs, displayed a higher polyfunctionality with interleukin-2, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α production and showed greater persistence compared with TILs. CONCLUSIONS T cells from the BM appear superior to TILs as a source of cells for cellular therapy. They possess a memory-enriched phenotype and exhibit improved effector function, greater persistence within a tumor-bearing host, and the capacity for increased tumor infiltration. These data provide a foundation for further exploring the BM as a source of tumor-specific T cells for ACT in solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Zawidzka
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Biavati
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Thomas
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Leone
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan Borrello
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Institute, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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23
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Tang WW, Battistone B, Bauer KM, Weis AM, Barba C, Fadlullah MZH, Ghazaryan A, Tran VB, Lee SH, Agir ZB, Nelson MC, Victor ES, Thibeaux A, Hernandez C, Tantalla J, Tan AC, Rao D, Williams M, Drummond MJ, Beswick EJ, Round JL, Ekiz HA, Voth WP, O'Connell RM. A microRNA-regulated transcriptional state defines intratumoral CD8 + T cells that respond to immunotherapy. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115301. [PMID: 39951377 PMCID: PMC11924119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) and poor survival outcomes necessitate new and effective therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically anti-PD-1 therapy, show promise, yet clinical determinants of a positive response are suboptimal. Here, we identify microRNA-155 (miR-155) as necessary for CD8+ T cell-infiltrated tumors through an unbiased in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifying functional tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-expressed microRNAs. T cell miR-155 is required for anti-PD-1 responses and for a vital intratumor CD8+ T cell differentiation cascade by repressing Ship-1, inhibiting Tcf-1 and stemness, and subsequently enhancing Cxcr6 expression, anti-tumor immunity, and effector functions. Based on an underlying miR-155-dependent CD8+ T cell transcriptional profile, we identify a gene signature that predicts ICI responses across 12 diverse cancers. Together, our findings support a model whereby miR-155 serves as a central regulator of CD8+ T cell-dependent cancer immunity and ICI responses that may be leveraged for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Tang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ben Battistone
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kaylyn M Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Allison M Weis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cindy Barba
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Muhammad Zaki Hidayatullah Fadlullah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Arevik Ghazaryan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Van B Tran
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Soh-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Z Busra Agir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Morgan C Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Victor
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amber Thibeaux
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Colton Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob Tantalla
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aik C Tan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dinesh Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Williams
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - H Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Warren P Voth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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24
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Wu H, Zhang W, Chang J, Wu J, Zhang X, Jia F, Li L, Liu M, Zhu J. Comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial-related gene signature for prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment evaluation, and candidate drug development in colon cancer. Sci Rep 2025; 15:6173. [PMID: 39979377 PMCID: PMC11842742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-85035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), a common digestive system malignancy, involves crucial alterations in mitochondria-related genes influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. Despite limited studies on prognostic models for these genes in COAD, we established a mitochondrial-related risk prognostic model, including nine genes based on available TCGA and MitoCarta 3.0 databases, and validated its predictive power. We investigated the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, complex cell communication, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity of COAD patients using R language, CellChat, and additional bioinformatic tools from single-cell and bulk-tissue sequencing data. The risk model revealed significant differences in immune cell infiltration between high-risk and low-risk groups, with the strongest correlation found between tissue stem cells and macrophages in COAD. The risk score exhibited a robust correlation with TME signature genes and immune checkpoint molecules. Integrating the risk score with the immune score, microsatellite status, or TMB through TIDE analysis enhanced the accuracy of predicting immunotherapy benefits. Predicted drug efficacy offered options for both high- and low-risk group patients. Our study established a novel mitochondrial-related nine-gene prognostic signature, providing insights for prognostic assessment and clinical decision-making in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jingjia Chang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Fengfeng Jia
- Taiyuan Technology Transfer Promotion Center, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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25
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Qin D, Lei Y, Shu P, Zhang Y, Loh YH, Wang Y, Li Q. Supercharging CAR-T cells through transcriptional and epigenetic armoring. Theranostics 2025; 15:3345-3367. [PMID: 40093905 PMCID: PMC11905144 DOI: 10.7150/thno.107908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the remarkable success of CAR-T therapy in hematologic malignancies, research is increasingly focused on adapting this treatment for solid tumors. However, CAR-T efficacy remains limited due to its exhaustion and shortened persistence. Transcription factors and epigenetic modifications play pivotal roles in modulating T cell differentiation and functionality, which have been leveraged in numerous strategies to promote the formation of long-lasting memory cells with stem-like properties and supercharging CAR-T performance. This review highlights pivotal transcriptional factors, such as c-Jun and FOXO1, which enhance and sustain T cell effector function, diminishes exhaustion, and epigenetic regulators like TET2 and DNMT3A, whose knockout promotes memory T subsets formation. We explore their interconnections, downstream targets, biological impacts, and the potential application risks of certain candidates, providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for supercharging CAR-T therapies through transcriptional and epigenetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyuan Qin
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A ∗ STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanna Lei
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yugu Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A ∗ STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijing Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A ∗ STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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26
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Raposo CJ, Yan PK, Chen AY, Majidi S, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Satpathy AT. Functional memory T cells are derived from exhausted clones and expanded by checkpoint blockade. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.02.10.637523. [PMID: 39990338 PMCID: PMC11844384 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.10.637523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade can facilitate tumor clearance by T cells, resulting in long term patient survival. However, the capacity of exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex), present during chronic antigen exposure, to form memory after antigen clearance remains unclear. Here, we performed longitudinal single cell RNA/T cell receptor sequencing and ATAC-sequencing on antigen-specific T cells after the clearance of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. These data revealed the formation of a robust population of memory CD8+ T cells that transcriptionally, epigenetically, and functionally resemble central memory T cells (Tcm) that form after clearance of acute infection. To lineage trace the origin and memory recall response of Tex-derived memory clones, we utilized T cell receptor sequencing over the course of primary infection and rechallenge. We show that chronic Tcm are a clonally distinct lineage of Tex derived from progenitor exhausted cells, persist long-term in the absence of antigen, and undergo rapid clonal expansion during rechallenge. Finally, we demonstrate that αPD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade after chronic LCMV infection preferentially expands clones which form Tcm after clearance. Together, these data support the concept that chronically stimulated T cells form bona fide functional memory T cells through an analogous differentiation pathway to acutely stimulated T cells, which may have significant implications for enhancing immune memory to cancer through checkpoint blockade and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Raposo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick K. Yan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andy Y. Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saba Majidi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ansuman T. Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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27
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Kastner AL, Marx AF, Dimitrova M, Abreu-Mota T, Ertuna YI, Bonilla WV, Stauffer K, Künzli M, Wagner I, Kreutzfeldt M, Merkler D, Pinschewer DD. Durable lymphocyte subset elimination upon a single dose of AAV-delivered depletion antibody dissects immune control of chronic viral infection. Immunity 2025; 58:481-498.e10. [PMID: 39719711 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024]
Abstract
To interrogate the role of specific immune cells in infection, cancer, and autoimmunity, immunologists commonly use monoclonal depletion antibodies (depletion-mAbs) or genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). To generate a tool that combines specific advantages and avoids select drawbacks of the two methods, we engineered adeno-associated viral vectors expressing depletion mAbs (depletion-AAVs). Single-dose depletion-AAV administration durably eliminated lymphocyte subsets in mice and avoided accessory deficiencies of GEMMs, such as marginal zone defects in B cell-deficient animals. Depletion-AAVs can be used in animals of different genetic backgrounds, and multiple depletion-AAVs can readily be combined. Exploiting depletion-AAV technology, we showed that B cells were required for unimpaired CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Upon B cell depletion, CD8+ T cells failed to suppress viremia, and they only helped resolve chronic infection when antibodies dampened viral loads. Our study positions depletion-AAVs as a versatile tool for immunological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Kastner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirela Dimitrova
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Abreu-Mota
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yusuf I Ertuna
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weldy V Bonilla
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Stauffer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Künzli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Ma S, Dahabieh MS, Mann TH, Zhao S, McDonald B, Song WS, Chung HK, Farsakoglu Y, Garcia-Rivera L, Hoffmann FA, Xu S, Du VY, Chen D, Furgiuele J, LaPorta M, Jacobs E, DeCamp LM, Oswald BM, Sheldon RD, Ellis AE, Liu L, He P, Wang Y, Jang C, Jones RG, Kaech SM. Nutrient-driven histone code determines exhausted CD8 + T cell fates. Science 2025; 387:eadj3020. [PMID: 39666821 PMCID: PMC11881194 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Exhausted T cells (TEX) in cancer and chronic viral infections undergo metabolic and epigenetic remodeling, impairing their protective capabilities. However, the impact of nutrient metabolism on epigenetic modifications that control TEX differentiation remains unclear. We showed that TEX cells shifted from acetate to citrate metabolism by down-regulating acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) while maintaining ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) activity. This metabolic switch increased citrate-dependent histone acetylation, mediated by histone acetyltransferase KAT2A-ACLY interactions, at TEX signature genes while reducing acetate-dependent histone acetylation, dependent on p300-ACSS2 complexes, at effector and memory T cell genes. Nuclear ACSS2 overexpression or ACLY inhibition prevented TEX differentiation and enhanced tumor-specific T cell responses. These findings unveiled a nutrient-instructed histone code governing CD8+ T cell differentiation, with implications for metabolic- and epigenetic-based T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Ma
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael S. Dahabieh
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H. Mann
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Won-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H. Kay Chung
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yagmur Farsakoglu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lizmarie Garcia-Rivera
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Filipe Araujo Hoffmann
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shihao Xu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Y. Du
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Furgiuele
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael LaPorta
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Jacobs
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M. DeCamp
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Brandon M. Oswald
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ryan D. Sheldon
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Abigail E. Ellis
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Longwei Liu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peixiang He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Russell G. Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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29
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Lim BJW, Liu M, Wang L, Kong SLY, Yin T, Yan C, Xiang K, Cao C, Wu H, Mihai A, Tay FPL, Wang E, Jiang Q, Ma Z, Tan L, Chia RN, Qin D, Pan CC, Wang XF, Li QJ. Neoadjuvant anti-4-1BB confers protection against spontaneous metastasis through low-affinity intratumor CD8 + T cells in triple-negative breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.29.635356. [PMID: 39975187 PMCID: PMC11838326 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.29.635356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy seeks to harness the primary tumor as a source of relevant tumor antigens to enhance systemic anti-tumor immunity through improved immunological surveillance. Despite having revolutionized the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a significant portion of patients remain unresponsive and succumb to metastatic recurrence post-treatment. Here, we found that optimally scheduled neoadjuvant administration of anti-4-1BB monotherapy was able to counteract metastases and prolong survival following surgical resection. Phenotypic and transcriptional profiling revealed enhanced 4-1BB expression on tumor-infiltrating intermediate (T int ), relative to progenitor (T prog ) and terminally exhausted (T term ) T cells. Furthermore, T int was enriched in low-affinity T cells. Treatment with anti-4-1BB drove clonal expansion of T int , with reduced expression of tissue-retention marker CD103 in T prog . This was accompanied by increased TCR clonotype sharing between paired tumors and pre-metastatic lungs. Further interrogation of sorted intratumor T cells confirmed enhanced T cell egress into circulation following anti-4-1BB treatment. In addition, gene signature extracted from anti-4-1BB treated T int was consistently associated with improved clinical outcomes in BRCA patients. Combinatorial neoadjuvant anti-4-1BB and ablation of tumor-derived CXCL16 resulted in enhanced therapeutic effect. These findings illustrate the intratumor changes underpinning the efficacy of neoadjuvant anti-4-1BB, highlighting the reciprocity between local tissue-retention and distant immunologic fortification, suggesting treatment can reverse the siphoning of intratumor T cells to primary tumor, enabling redistribution to distant tissues and subsequent protection against metastases.
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30
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Bick F, Blanchetot C, Lambrecht BN, Schuijs MJ. A reappraisal of IL-9 in inflammation and cancer. Mucosal Immunol 2025; 18:1-15. [PMID: 39389468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
While much is known about the functional effects of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in homeostasis and disease, we still poorly understand the functions of IL-9. Chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases, autoimmunity and cancer is however frequently accompanied by overproduction of this elusive type 2 cytokine. Initially identified as a T cell and mast cell growth factor, and later as the hallmark cytokine defining TH9 cells, we now know that IL-9 is produced by multiple innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent evidence suggests that IL-9 controls discrete aspects of the allergic cascade, cellular responses of immune and stromal cells, cancer progression, tolerance and immune escape. Despite functioning as a pleiotropic cytokine in mucosal environments, like the lungs, the direct and indirect cellular targets of IL-9 are still not well characterized. Here, we discuss IL-9's cellular senders and receivers, focusing on asthma and cancer. Moreover, we review current research directions and the outlook of targeted therapy centered around the biology of IL-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bick
- argenx BV, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Kim Y, Lee S, Yoon J, Shin Y, Kang S, Kim SY, Woo S, Song JJ, Jon S. Neoantigen-Displaying Protein Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Against Melanoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2404316. [PMID: 39713909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202404316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Although interest in peptide-based cancer vaccines has surged in the era of personalized immunotherapy enabled by the discovery of neoantigens, the effective generation of neoantigen-specific T cell responses has been limited. Here, a Brucella BP26 protein-based nanoparticle displaying the MHC class II-restricted melanoma neoantigen, M30, is reported for use as a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Genetic engineering of 10 tandem repeats of the M30 neoepitope to a BP26 monomer results in the self-assembled, neoantigen-displaying protein nanoparticles (BP26-M30 NPs). Subcutaneous immunization of mice with BP26-M30 NPs/CpG adjuvant leads to the activation and maturation of antigen-presenting cells in draining local lymph nodes and elicits M30-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses and immunological memory. In a mouse model of aggressive B16-F10 melanoma, immunization with BP26-M30 NPs/CpG significantly inhibits the growth of established tumors. These findings suggest that the BP26-based self-assembled protein nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a cancer vaccine platform for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Seojung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmo Kang
- Keyfron Bio Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Woo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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32
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Diers AR, Guo Q, Li Z, Richardson E, Idris S, Willis C, Tak PP, Withers DR, Barone F. Dynamic Tracking of Tumor Microenvironment Modulation Using Kaede Photoconvertible Transgenic Mice Unveils New Biological Properties of Viral Immunotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2025; 5:327-338. [PMID: 39881590 PMCID: PMC11831061 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study utilized a novel photoconvertible mouse tumor model to track immune cell trafficking upon treatment with an investigational viral immunotherapy (CAN-2409), revealing enhanced T-cell responses after viral immunotherapy associated with local proliferation of T cells within tumors that could further enhance antitumor efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These findings define temporally and spatially distinct interactions of immune cells that could be harnessed by novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiuchen Guo
- Candel Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Richardson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suaad Idris
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul P. Tak
- Candel Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, Massachusetts
| | - David R. Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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33
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da Graça CG, Sheikh AA, Newman DM, Wen L, Li S, Shen J, Zhang Y, Gabriel SS, Chisanga D, Seow J, Poch A, Rausch L, Nguyen MHT, Singh J, Su CH, Cluse LA, Tsui C, Burn TN, Park SL, Von Scheidt B, Mackay LK, Vasanthakumar A, Bending D, Shi W, Cui W, Schröder J, Johnstone RW, Kallies A, Utzschneider DT. Stem-like memory and precursors of exhausted T cells share a common progenitor defined by ID3 expression. Sci Immunol 2025; 10:eadn1945. [PMID: 39888981 PMCID: PMC7617396 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adn1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2025]
Abstract
Stem-like T cells are attractive immunotherapeutic targets in patients with cancer given their ability to proliferate and differentiate into effector progeny. Thus, identifying T cells with enhanced stemness and understanding their developmental requirements are of broad clinical and therapeutic interest. Here, we demonstrate that during acute infection, the transcriptional regulator inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3) identifies stem-like T cells that are uniquely adapted to generate precursors of exhausted T (Tpex) cells in response to chronic infection or cancer. Expression of ID3 itself enables Tpex cells to sustain T cell responses in chronic infection or cancer, whereas loss of ID3 results in impaired maintenance of CD8 T cell immunity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interleukin-1 (IL-1) family members, including IL-36β and IL-18, promote the generation of ID3+ T cells that mediate superior tumor control. Overall, we identify ID3 as a common denominator of stem-like T cells in both acute and chronic infections that is specifically required to sustain T cell responses to chronic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gago da Graça
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amania A. Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dane M. Newman
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lifen Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sining Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah S. Gabriel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Justine Seow
- Computational Sciences Initiative (CSI), The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annika Poch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Rausch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minh-Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jayendra Singh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Chun-Hsi Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonie A. Cluse
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carlson Tsui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas N. Burn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simone L. Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bianca Von Scheidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David Bending
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jan Schröder
- Computational Sciences Initiative (CSI), The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricky W. Johnstone
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel T. Utzschneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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34
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Wei LY, Li ZZ, Xu ZY, Wang GR, Xiao Y, Liu B, Bu LL. The ending is not the end: Lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 146:113917. [PMID: 39721451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is an important biological feature of oral squamous cell carcinoma, bearing poorly prognostic implications. However, the role of lymph node metastasis in cancer progression remains inconclusive. On the one hand, lymph nodes are pivotal sites for initiating specific immunity, which is crucial for maintaining antitumor immune response. On the other hand, they also serve as primary conduits for tumor metastasis, with lymph node colonization potentially inducing systemic immune dysfunction, thereby further promoting tumor progression. Considering this paradoxical role of lymph nodes, comprehending their impact on the primary tumor and immunity becomes paramount. Furthermore, leveraging these distinctive attributes of lymph nodes presents novel avenues for enhancing current therapeutic strategies against oral squamous cell carcinoma. This review summarizes the anatomical and molecular profiles of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma, elucidating how lymphatic involvement compromises antitumor immunity, thus facilitating primary tumor and distant metastases. Additionally, it explores avenues for harnessing these mechanisms to optimize clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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35
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Xie S, Hou S, Chen J, Qi X. Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Identifies a Macrophage-Related Prognostic Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Therapy Responses in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:811. [PMID: 39859524 PMCID: PMC11765994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26020811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate. Macrophages, as a key immune cell type within the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in tumor immune evasion and the progression of CRC. Therefore, identifying macrophage biomarkers is of great significance for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This study integrates scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data to identify macrophage-related genes in CRC. By applying a comprehensive machine learning framework, the macrophage-related prognostic signature (MRPS) was constructed by 15 macrophage-related genes with prognostic values. The MRPS demonstrated strong predictive performance across multiple datasets, effectively stratifying high-risk and low-risk patients in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Furthermore, immune analysis revealed significant differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in immune cell infiltration levels and immune checkpoint gene expression patterns. Drug screening identified several small molecules, including Bortezomib and Mitoxantrone, as potential therapeutic options for high-risk patients. Pseudotime trajectory analysis further highlighted the potential role of genes comprising the MRPS in macrophage differentiation. This study provides a powerful tool for personalized prognosis prediction in CRC patients, offering new insights into macrophage-driven mechanisms in tumor progression and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xin Qi
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China; (S.X.); (S.H.); (J.C.)
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36
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Bhandarkar V, Dinter T, Spranger S. Architects of immunity: How dendritic cells shape CD8 + T cell fate in cancer. Sci Immunol 2025; 10:eadf4726. [PMID: 39823318 PMCID: PMC11970844 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Immune responses against cancer are dominated by T cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Recent advances have underscored the critical role of early priming interactions in establishing T cell fates. In this review, we explore the importance of dendritic cell (DC) signals in specifying CD8+ T cell fates in cancer, drawing on insights from acute and chronic viral infection models. We highlight the role of DCs in lymph nodes and tumors in maintaining stem-like CD8+ T cells, which are critical for durable antitumor immune responses. Understanding how CD8+ T cell fates are determined will enable the rational design of immunotherapies, particularly therapeutic cancer vaccines, that can modulate DC-T cell interactions to generate beneficial CD8+ T cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidit Bhandarkar
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Teresa Dinter
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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37
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Du R, Zhang J, Lukas RV, Tripathi S, Ahrendsen JT, Curran MA, Dmello C, Zhang P, Stupp R, Rao G, Heimberger AB. Is modulation of immune checkpoints on glioblastoma-infiltrating myeloid cells a viable therapeutic strategy? Neuro Oncol 2025; 27:33-49. [PMID: 39427326 PMCID: PMC11726257 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of immunology has traditionally focused on immune checkpoint modulation of adaptive immune cells. However, many malignancies such as glioblastoma are mostly devoid of T cells and rather are enriched with immunosuppressive myeloid cells of the innate immune system. While some immune checkpoint targets are shared between adaptive and innate immunity, myeloid-specific checkpoints could also serve as potential therapeutics. To better understand the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on myeloid cells, we systematically summarize the current literature focusing on the direct immunological effects of PD-L1/PD-1, CD24/Siglec-10, collagen/LAIR-1, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and CXCL10/CXCR3. By synthesizing the molecular mechanisms and the translational implications, we aim to prioritize agents in this category of therapeutics for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Du
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA (J.T.A.)
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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38
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Fagerberg E, Attanasio J, Dien C, Singh J, Kessler EA, Abdullah L, Shen J, Hunt BG, Connolly KA, De Brouwer E, He J, Iyer NR, Buck J, Borr ER, Damo M, Foster GG, Giles JR, Huang YH, Tsang JS, Krishnaswamy S, Cui W, Joshi NS. KLF2 maintains lineage fidelity and suppresses CD8 T cell exhaustion during acute LCMV infection. Science 2025; 387:eadn2337. [PMID: 39946463 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2025]
Abstract
Naïve CD8 T cells have the potential to differentiate into a spectrum of functional states during an immune response. How these developmental decisions are made and what mechanisms exist to suppress differentiation toward alternative fates remains unclear. We employed in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-based perturbation sequencing to assess the role of ~40 transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modulators in T cell fate decisions. Unexpectedly, we found that knockout of the TF Klf2 resulted in aberrant differentiation to exhausted-like CD8 T cells during acute infection. KLF2 was required to suppress the exhaustion-promoting TF TOX and to enable the TF TBET to drive effector differentiation. KLF2 was also necessary to maintain a polyfunctional tumor-specific progenitor state. Thus, KLF2 provides effector CD8 T cell lineage fidelity and suppresses the exhaustion program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Attanasio
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine Dien
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaiveer Singh
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily A Kessler
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leena Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian G Hunt
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelli A Connolly
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward De Brouwer
- Department of Genetics and Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nivedita R Iyer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Buck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily R Borr
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gena G Foster
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yina H Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub New York, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- Applied Math Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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39
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Zhang Z, Langenbach M, Sagar S, Fetsch V, Stritzker J, Severa E, Meng K, Winkler F, Rana N, Zoldan K, Godbole I, Solis S, Weber JS, Rafei-Shamsabadi D, Lehr S, Diehl R, Venhoff AC, Voll RE, Buettner N, Neumann-Haefelin C, Boettler T, Hofmann M, Boerries M, Meiss F, Zeiser R, Thimme R, Herati RS, Bengsch B. Efficacy of CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy is dependent on IL-21 signaling to mediate cytotoxic reprogramming of PD-1 +CD8 + T cells. Nat Immunol 2025; 26:92-104. [PMID: 39702858 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-02027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) therapy are incompletely understood. Here, by immune profiling responding PD-1+CD8+ T (TResp) cell populations from patients with advanced melanoma, we identified differential programming of TResp cells in response to combination therapy, from an exhausted toward a more cytotoxic effector program. This effect does not occur with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor repertoire analysis was used to identify altered effector programming of expanding PD-1+CD8+ T cell clones with distinct regulon usage, STAT1 and STAT3 utilization and antitumor specificity connected to interleukin (IL)-21 signaling in combination and anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy. Therapeutic efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade was lost in B16F10 melanoma models with either Il21r- deficiency or anti-IL-21 receptor blockade. Together, these results show how IL-21 signaling to TResp is critical for anti-CTLA-4-based checkpoint therapies and highlight major signaling differences to anti-PD-1 monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Langenbach
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar Sagar
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Fetsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Stritzker
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Severa
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Meng
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frances Winkler
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ira Godbole
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Solis
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Rafei-Shamsabadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Lehr
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Diehl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Cecilia Venhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Buettner
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meiss
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramin S Herati
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg, Germany, Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Chen L, Zha W, Zhang J, Wang K, Hao C, Gan J. Construction of an Oxidative Stress Risk Model to Analyze the Correlation Between Liver Cancer and Tumor Immunity. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2025; 25:49-63. [PMID: 38375834 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096284532231220061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most lethal cancers globally. Despite advancements in immunotherapy, the prognosis for patients with HCC continues to be poor. As oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset and progression of various diseases, including metabolism-related HCC, comprehending its mechanism in HCC is critical for effective diagnosis and treatment. METHODS This study utilized the TCGA dataset and a collection of oxidative stress genes to identify the expression of oxidative stress-related genes in HCC and their association with overall survival using diverse bioinformatics methods. A novel prognostic risk model was developed, and the TCGA cohort was divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on each tumor sample's risk score. Levels of immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoint-related genes in different risk subgroups were analyzed to investigate the potential link between tumor immunity and oxidative stress-related features. The expression of model genes in actual samples was validated through immunohistochemistry, and their mRNA and protein expression levels were measured in cell cultures. RESULTS Four oxidative stress-related genes (EZH2, ANKZF1, G6PD, and HMOX1) were identified and utilized to create a predictive risk model for HCC patient overall survival, which was subsequently validated in an independent cohort. A correlation was found between the expression of these prognostic genes and the infiltration of tumor immune cells. Elevated expression of EZH2, ANKZF1, G6PD, and HMOX1 was observed in both HCC tissues and cell lines. CONCLUSION The combined assessment of EZH2, ANKZF1, G6PD, and HMOX1 gene expression can serve as an oxidative stress risk model for assessing HCC prognosis. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the expression of these risk model genes and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063001, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weina Zha
- Department of Endocrine, TangShan GongRen Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianhe Gan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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41
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Zhai Y, Liang X, Deng M. Myeloid cells meet CD8 + T cell exhaustion in cancer: What, why and how. Chin J Cancer Res 2024; 36:616-651. [PMID: 39802897 PMCID: PMC11724180 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2024.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Exhausted T cell (Tex) is a specific state of T cell dysfunction, in which these T cells gradually lose their effector function and change their phenotype during chronic antigen stimulation. The enrichment of exhausted CD8+ T cell (CD8+ Tex) in the tumor microenvironment is one of the important reasons leading to the poor efficacy of immunotherapy. Recent studies have reported many reasons leading to the CD8+ T cell exhaustion. In addition to cancer cells, myeloid cells can also contribute to T cell exhaustion via many ways. In this review, we discuss the history of the concept of exhaustion, CD8+ T cell dysfunction states, the heterogeneity, origin, and characteristics of CD8+ Tex. We then focus on the effects of myeloid cells on CD8+ Tex, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils. Finally, we systematically summarize current strategies and recent advancements in therapies reversing and CD8+ T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mi Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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42
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Chun D, Park J, Lee S, Kim HJ, Park JE, Kang SJ. Flt3L enhances clonal diversification and selective expansion of intratumoral CD8 + T cells while differentiating into effector-like cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:115023. [PMID: 39616612 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-1 blockade enhances anti-tumoral CD8+ T cell responses via type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s), but how cDC1s change the properties of intratumoral CD8+ T cells remains to be determined. Here, we identified two populations of intratumoral CD8+ T cells distinguished by their expression of asialo-ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide (asGM1). asGM1neg and asGM1posCD8+ T cells show enriched expression of genes characteristic for precursor exhausted T (Tpex) cells and terminally exhausted T (Tex) cells, respectively. The in situ expression of Flt3L or inhibition of PD-1 each promote the differentiation of asGM1negCD8+ T cells into asGM1posCD8+ T cells via interleukin-12 (IL-12) while also increasing the expression of Tpex and effector-like T cell-associated genes and their effector functions. Both interventions selectively expand CD8+ T cells, but only Flt3L expression broadens their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. These data indicate the distinct role of Flt3L in diversifying the TCR repertoire, offering potential solutions for immune checkpoint blockade-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Chun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Kurebayashi Y, Sugimoto K, Tsujikawa H, Matsuda K, Nomura R, Ueno A, Masugi Y, Yamazaki K, Effendi K, Takeuchi H, Itoi T, Hasegawa Y, Abe Y, Kitago M, Ojima H, Sakamoto M. Spatial Dynamics of T- and B-Cell Responses Predicts Clinical Outcome of Resectable and Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:5666-5680. [PMID: 39417698 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapies have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have revealed the single-cell catalogs of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the trajectories of their differentiation. Nevertheless, the spatial distribution of these immune cells with distinct phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment and their clinicopathologic significance in resectable and unresectable HCCs are still largely unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the spatial dynamics of intratumoral CD4 and CD8 T cells and their association with B and plasma cells using 283 surgically resected HCC samples, 58 unresectable HCC samples before combined immunotherapy [atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo + Bev)], and autopsy specimens from 50 cases of advanced-stage HCC through multiplex IHC combined with transcriptomic and driver gene mutation analyses. Classification based on the spatial dynamics of T- and B-cell responses (refined immunosubtype) was developed, and its clinicopathologic significance was analyzed. RESULTS We found that stem-like CD4 and CD8 T cells were mainly observed in T-cell aggregates and T-cell zone of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS). The differentiation of T follicular helper cells was associated with the development of TLS, whereas the differentiation of CXCL13-expressing CD4 TCXCL13 cells with a phenotype resembling T peripheral helper cells was associated with the development of the lymphoplasmacytic microenvironment. The refined immunosubtype could predict clinical outcomes of resectable HCC after surgery and unresectable HCC after Atezo + Bev therapy. The immune microenvironment of metastatic lesions tended to reflect those of primary lesions. CONCLUSIONS We revealed the spatial dynamics of T- and B-cell responses in HCC, which is closely associated with the clinical outcome after surgical resection or Atezo + Bev therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rui Nomura
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Ueno
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute, Tochigi Cancer Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kathryn Effendi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute, Tochigi Cancer Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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44
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Wang S, Liu C, Yang C, Jin Y, Cui Q, Wang D, Ge T, He G, Li W, Zhang G, Liu A, Xia Y, Liu Y, Yu J. PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PD‑1/CTLA‑4/CD28 pathways as key targets of cancer immunotherapy (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:567. [PMID: 39390982 PMCID: PMC11465225 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells play an important role in cancer, and energy metabolism can determine both the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. The inhibition of immune checkpoint molecules programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are a promising cancer treatment. In recent years, research on CD28 has increased. Although numerous reports involve CD28 and its downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling mechanisms in T cell metabolism, they have not yet been elucidated. A literature search strategy was used for the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to ensure broad coverage of medical and scientific literature, using a combination of keywords including, but not limited to, 'lung cancer' and 'immunotherapy'. Therefore, the present study reviewed the interaction and clinical application of the PD-1/CTLA-4/CD28 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in T cells, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for immunotherapy in clinical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcui Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Changyu Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Jin
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cui
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ge
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Guixin He
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Li
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Aqing Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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45
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Jo Y, Jin HS, Park Y. No more LAGging behind PD-1: uncovering the unique role of LAG-3 in T-cell exhaustion. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1351-1353. [PMID: 39433966 PMCID: PMC11607349 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Jo
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Park
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
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46
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Ma J, Wu Y, Wu S, Fang Z, Chen L, Jiang J, Zheng X. CX3CR1 +CD8 + T cells: Key players in antitumor immunity. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:3838-3845. [PMID: 39377122 PMCID: PMC11611776 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CR1 functions as the specific receptor for the chemokine CX3CL1, demonstrating expression across a broad spectrum of immune cells. This underscores its pivotal role in communication and response mechanisms within the immune system. Upon engagement with CX3CL1, CX3CR1 initiates a cascade of downstream signaling pathways that regulate various biological functions. In the context of tumor progression, the intricate and inhibitory nature of the tumor microenvironment presents a significant challenge to current clinical treatment techniques. This review aims to comprehensively explore the tumor-destructive potential shown by CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells. Simultaneously, it investigates the promising prospects of utilizing CX3CR1 in future tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajin Ma
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Shaoxian Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Zhang Fang
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological TreatmentThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouChina
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
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47
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Zhu Z, Luo Y, Lou G, Yihunie K, Wizzard S, DeVilbiss AW, Muh S, Ma C, Shinde SS, Hoar J, Hu T, Zhang N, Biswal S, DeBerardinis RJ, Wu T, Yao C. The redox sensor KEAP1 facilitates adaptation of T cells to chronic antigen stimulation by preventing hyperactivation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk2954. [PMID: 39612322 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
During persistent antigen stimulation, exhausted CD8+ T cells are continuously replenished by self-renewing stem-like T cells. However, how CD8+ T cells adapt to chronic stimulation remains unclear. Here, we show that persistent antigen stimulation primes chromatin for regulation by the redox-sensing KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. Loss of KEAP1 in T cells impaired control of chronic viral infection. T cell-intrinsic KEAP1 suppressed NRF2 to promote expansion and persistence of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, drive a stem-like T cell response, down-regulate immune checkpoint molecules, and limit T cell receptor (TCR) hyperactivation and apoptosis. NRF2 epigenetically derepressed BACH2 targets and opposed a stem-like program driven by BACH2. In exhausted T cells induced by tonic GD2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) signaling, the effects of KEAP1 deficiency were rescued by inhibiting proximal TCR signaling. Enhancing mitochondrial oxidation improved the expansion and survival of KEAP1-deficient CD8+ GD2 CAR T cells and up-regulated markers associated with stem-like cells. Thus, the KEAP1-NRF2 axis regulates stem-like CD8+ T cells and long-term T cell immunity during chronic antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Immunology PhD Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guohua Lou
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kiddist Yihunie
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Safuwra Wizzard
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Immunology PhD Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrew W DeVilbiss
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sarah Muh
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sejal S Shinde
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan Hoar
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Taidou Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75225, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Cellular Networks in Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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48
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Dimitri AJ, Baxter AE, Chen GM, Hopkins CR, Rouin GT, Huang H, Kong W, Holliday CH, Wiebking V, Bartoszek R, Drury S, Dalton K, Koucky OM, Chen Z, Giles JR, Dils AT, Jung IY, O’Connor R, Collins S, Everett JK, Amses K, Sherrill-Mix S, Chandra A, Goldman N, Vahedi G, Jadlowsky JK, Young RM, Melenhorst JJ, Maude SL, Levine BL, Frey NV, Berger SL, Grupp SA, Porter DL, Herbst F, Porteus MH, Carty SA, Bushman FD, Weber EW, Wherry EJ, Jordan MS, Fraietta JA. TET2 regulates early and late transitions in exhausted CD8 + T cell differentiation and limits CAR T cell function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp9371. [PMID: 39536093 PMCID: PMC11559603 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion hampers control of cancer and chronic infections and limits chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell efficacy. Targeting TET2 in CAR T cells provides therapeutic benefit; however, TET2's role in exhausted T cell (TEX) development is unclear. In chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, TET2 drove conversion from stem cell-like TEX progenitors toward terminally differentiated and effector (TEFF)-like TEX. TET2 also enforced a terminally differentiated state in the early bifurcation between TEFF and TEX, indicating broad roles for TET2 in acquisition of effector biology. To exploit the therapeutic potential of TET2, we developed clinically actionable TET2-targeted CAR T cells by disrupting TET2 via knock-in of a safety switch alongside CAR knock-in at the TRAC locus. TET2-targeted CAR T cells exhibited restrained terminal exhaustion in vitro and enhanced antitumor responses in vivo. Thus, TET2 regulates fate transitions in TEX differentiation and can be targeted with a safety mechanism in CAR T cells for improved tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Dimitri
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department for Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory M. Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Hopkins
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Rouin
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department for Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher H. Holliday
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Volker Wiebking
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Robert Bartoszek
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney Drury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Dalton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Owen M. Koucky
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department for Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department for Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander T. Dils
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - In-Young Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roddy O’Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sierra Collins
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John K. Everett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Amses
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aditi Chandra
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Naomi Goldman
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie K. Jadlowsky
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Regina M. Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shannon L. Maude
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce L. Levine
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noelle V. Frey
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephan A. Grupp
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David L. Porter
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew H. Porteus
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shannon A. Carty
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evan W. Weber
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department for Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martha S. Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A. Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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Feng D, Pu D, Ren J, Liu M, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Li J. CD8 + T-cell exhaustion: Impediment to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189193. [PMID: 39413858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell exhaustion has been identified as a significant contributor to immunosuppression and immune escape in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysfunction due to cell exhaustion is characterized by reduced effector capacity and sustained expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). The factors contributing to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion are multifaceted, encompassing external influences such as the upregulation of IRs, reduction of effector cytokines, and internal changes within the immune cell, including transcriptomic alterations, epigenetic landscape remodeling, and metabolomic shifts. The impact of the altered TNBC tumor microenvironment (TME) on Tex is also a critical consideration. The production of exhausted CD8+ T-cells (CD8+ Tex) is positively correlated with poor prognosis and reduced response rates to immunotherapy in TNBC patients, underscoring the urgent need for the development of novel TNBC immunotherapeutic strategies that target the mechanisms of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. This review delineates the dynamic trajectory of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion development in TNBC, provides an update on the latest research advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, and offers insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongqing Pu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinlu Ren
- Shandong Xiandai University, Jinan 250104, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Dominant Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan 250014, China.
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50
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Li X, Liu Y, Gui J, Gan L, Xue J. Cell Identity and Spatial Distribution of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Responders. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400702. [PMID: 39248327 PMCID: PMC11538707 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis inhibits T cell activity, impairing anti-tumor immunity. Blocking this axis with therapeutic antibodies is one of the most promising anti-tumor immunotherapies. It has long been recognized that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade reinvigorates exhausted T (TEX) cells already present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, recent advancements in high-throughput gene sequencing and bioinformatic tools have provided researchers with a more granular and dynamic insight into PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-responding cells, extending beyond the TME and TEX populations. This review provides an update on the cell identity, spatial distribution, and treatment-induced spatiotemporal dynamics of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade responders. It also provides a synopsis of preliminary reports of potential PD-1/PD-L1 blockade responders other than T cells to depict a panoramic picture. Important questions to answer in further studies and the translational and clinical potential of the evolving understandings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality TreatmentState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality TreatmentState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200127China
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality TreatmentState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsLaboratory of Clinical Cell TherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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