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Song HJ, Kim JE, Jin YJ, Roh YJ, Seol A, Kim TR, Park KH, Park ES, An BS, Yang SY, Seo S, Jo SM, Jung YS, Hwang DY. Complement C3-Deficiency-Induced Constipation in FVB/N-C3 em1Hlee/Korl Knockout Mice Was Significantly Relieved by Uridine and Liriope platyphylla L. Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15757. [PMID: 37958740 PMCID: PMC10649790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement component 3 (C3) deficiency has recently been known as a cause of constipation, without studies on the therapeutic efficacy. To evaluate the therapeutic agents against C3-deficiency-induced constipation, improvements in the constipation-related parameters and the associated molecular mechanisms were examined in FVB/N-C3em1Hlee/Korl knockout (C3 KO) mice treated with uridine (Urd) and the aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla L. (AEtLP) with laxative activity. The stool parameters and gastrointestinal (GI) transit were increased in Urd- and AEtLP-treated C3 KO mice compared with the vehicle (Veh)-treated C3 KO mice. Urd and AEtLP treatment improved the histological structure, junctional complexes of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), mucin secretion ability, and water retention capacity. Also, an improvement in the composition of neuronal cells, the regulation of excitatory function mediated via the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), and the regulation of the inhibitory function mediated via the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were detected in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of Urd- and AEtLP-treated C3 KO mice. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that C3-deficiency-induced constipation can improve with treatment with Urd and AEtLP via the regulation of the mucin secretion ability, water retention capacity, and ENS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - You-Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Yu-Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Ayun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Tae-Ryeol Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Eun-Seo Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Seung-Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sungbaek Seo
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Seong-Min Jo
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-J.R.); (A.S.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (B.-S.A.); (S.-Y.Y.); (S.S.); (S.-M.J.)
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Park JE, Han JS. HM-chromanone reverses the blockade of insulin signaling induced by high glucose levels in human HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 937:175358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Le TNH, Choi HJ, Jun HS. Ethanol Extract of Liriope platyphylla Root Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Regulation of Lipogenesis and Lipid Uptake. Nutrients 2021; 13:3338. [PMID: 34684339 PMCID: PMC8538311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder that causes excess lipid accumulation in the liver and is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Liriope platyphylla is a medicinal herb that has long been used to treat cough, obesity, and diabetes. However, the effect of Liriope platyphylla on NAFLD has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla root ethanolic extract (LPE) on hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with LPE (100 or 250 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for another 8 weeks. Body weight gain and liver weight were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg LPE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. Histological analysis of liver sections demonstrated that LPE treatment reduced lipid accumulation compared to the vehicle treatment. The serum total cholesterol, AST, and ALT levels significantly decreased in the LPE-treated HFD group compared to those in the vehicle-treated HFD group. The LPE significantly decreases the protein expression levels of SREBP1, ACC, p-ACC, FAS, and SCD1, which are involved in lipogenesis, and PPARγ, CD36/FAT, and FATP5, which are involved in fatty acid uptake, both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, LPE may attenuate HFD-induced NAFLD by decreasing lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nu Huyen Le
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Ho-Jung Choi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea
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Mombeshora M, Chi GF, Mukanganyama S. Antibiofilm Activity of Extract and a Compound Isolated from Triumfetta welwitschii against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:9946183. [PMID: 34221506 PMCID: PMC8219467 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9946183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triumfetta welwitschii has been used as a traditional medicine in Africa. It is documented as a rich source of phytochemicals with antibacterial activities. To further explore the antibacterial potential of these phytochemical components, the phytochemical profile of the dichloromethane: methanol leaf extract from T. welwitschii was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Compounds were isolated from the extract using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Compound B1 was isolated from the fraction eluted by 90 hexane:10 ethyl acetate using column chromatography. The antibacterial activity of B1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated in vitro using the broth microdilution method and the iodonitrotetrazolium (INT) colorimetric assay. The antibiofilm activities of the extract and B1 against P. aeruginosa were determined by quantifying the biofilms using crystal violet. The effect of the extract and B1 on capsular polysaccharide and extracellular DNA content of biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa was determined using phenol-sulphuric acid and propidium iodide, respectively. A total of 28 peaks were detected and identified using UPLC-MS/MS. The three most abundant phytochemicals identified were catechin, umbelliferone, and a luteolin derivative. B1 showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 25 μg/ml. Only 38% and 6% of the biofilms were formed in the presence of the extract and B1, respectively. The extract and B1 reduced the capsular polysaccharide content in biofilms formed in P. aeruginosa by 40% and 65%, respectively. The extract and B1 significantly reduced the extracellular DNA content of biofilms by 29% and 72%, respectively. The results of this study provide evidence of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of B1 and leaf extracts from T. welwitschii. Future work should identify the chemical structure of B1 using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Mombeshora
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Godloves Fru Chi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Stanley Mukanganyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Mitigating Effects of Liriope platyphylla on Nicotine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization and Quality Control of Compounds. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090654. [PMID: 32967122 PMCID: PMC7566016 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the mitigating effects of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang extract on behavioral sensitization and the quantification of its major compounds. The extract of L. platyphylla reduces the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, which is increased by nicotine, back to normal levels, and increases the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) protein, which is reduced by nicotine, back to normal levels in PC12 cells. In this study, rats received nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously) only for seven days and then received extract of L. platyphylla (200 or 400 mg/kg, oral) 1 h prior to nicotine administration for an additional seven days. The extract of L. platyphylla reduced locomotor activity compared to the nicotine control group in rats. The extract of L. platyphylla significantly attenuated the repeated nicotine-induced DAT protein expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but there was no effect on increased TH protein expression in the dorsal striatum. These findings suggest that L. platyphylla extract has a mitigating effect on nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization by modulating DAT protein expression in the NAc. For quality control of L. plathyphylla, spicatoside A and D, which are saponin compounds, were quantified in the L. platyphylla extract. The amounts of spicatoside A and D in L. platyphylla extract obtained from ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were 0.148 and 0.272 mg/g, respectively. The identification of these compounds in L. platyphylla, which can be used for quality control, provides important information for the development of drugs to treat nicotine dependence.
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Zhang JJ, Zhu L, Zhang X, Zhou J. Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:25. [PMID: 32354363 PMCID: PMC7191787 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (PN) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf’s shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - L Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - J Zhou
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Chung IM, Hemapriya V, Kim SH, Ponnusamy K, Arunadevi N, Chitra S, Prabakaran M, Gopiraman M. Liriope platyphylla extract as a green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in sulfuric acid medium. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1692001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Venkatesan Hemapriya
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kanchana Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arunadevi
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Chitra
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mayakrishnan Prabakaran
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mayakrishnan Gopiraman
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Ryu SH, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi Y, Kang HG, Kim KB, Kim S, Lim Y, Hwang DY. Metabolomics approach to serum biomarker for laxative effects of red Liriope platyphylla in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:9. [PMID: 32257897 PMCID: PMC7081617 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla (RLP) is a known herbal medicine used in the treatment of some chronic diseases including constipation, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and obesity. To determine and characterize putative biomarkers that predict the laxative effects induced by RLP treatment, alteration of endogenous metabolites was measured in the serum of loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation rats after administration of RLP extract (EtRLP) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral data. The urine volume and amounts, and weights and water contents of stools were significantly recovered in the Lop + EtRLP treated group as compared to the No group, whereas body weight and food intake maintained constant levels. Also, significant recoveries in the thickness of mucosa and muscle were detected in the colon of the Lop + EtRLP treated group. Furthermore, pattern recognition showed absolutely different clustering of the serum analysis parameters when comparing the Lop treated group and Lop + EtRLP treated group. Of the 33 endogenous metabolites, 7 amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, threonine and valine) and 8 endogenous metabolites (betaine, creatine, glucose, taurine, ethanol, lactate, glycerol and succinate) were dramatically increased in the Lop + EtRLP treated SD rats. These results provide the first evidence pertaining to metabolic changes in the constipation rats treated with Lop + EtRLP. Additionally, these findings correlate with changes observed in 15 metabolites during the laxative effects of EtRLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Sung Ha Ryu
- Analysis Research Team, R&D Center, GL Pharm Tech Corp, Gyeonggi-do, 13202 Republic of Korea.,4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Yusang Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- 3Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- 4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- 5Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 6Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
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Spicatoside A derived from Liriope platyphylla root ethanol extract inhibits hepatitis E virus genotype 3 replication in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4397. [PMID: 30867434 PMCID: PMC6416393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans worldwide. Although hepatitis E is self-limiting without chronic infection development, HEV infection often leads to severe liver diseases causing high mortality in pregnant women in addition to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of a Liriope platyphylla ethanol extract (LPE) on HEV replication. Interestingly, LPE suppressed replication of the genotype 3 HEV replicon. Sequential solvent fractionation revealed that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of LPE exerts the most potent inhibitory effects. With the aid of activity-guided fractionation and multi-step column chromatography, spicatoside A was subsequently isolated in the EA fraction of LPE and specifically shown to exert inhibitory effects on replication of the genotype 3 HEV replicon. In addition, spicatoside A interfered with replication of the HEV genotype 3 strain 47832c and expression of HEV ORF2 capsid proteins. Our findings clearly support the potential utility of spicatoside A as an effective anti-HEV agent.
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Kim JE, Yun WB, Lee ML, Choi JY, Park JJ, Kim HR, Song BR, Hong JT, Song HK, Hwang DY. Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. J Med Food 2019; 22:294-304. [PMID: 30724689 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is an acute or chronic illness attributed to various causes, ranging from lifestyle habits to side effects of a disease. To improve the laxative effects of some traditional medicines, herbal mixtures of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia (LGC) were evaluated for their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in loperamide (Lop)-induced constipated Sprague Dawley rats by examining alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels. Food intake and water consumption were constant for all animals. We observed that the Lop+LGC-treated group had significantly greater excretion of stool and urine than was observed in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Administration of LGC in the constipation model restored the intestinal transit ratio to normal levels, and increased the number of goblet cells, mucosal layer, and muscle thickness. Mucin secretion was greater in the Lop+LGC-treated group than in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, and the expression of MUC2 and AQP8 genes were also increased. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed an increase in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the Lop+LGC-treated group compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, compared with the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, treatment with LGC reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and PI3K, and expression of Gα protein, but increased levels of IP3. Our results suggest that the traditional herbal mixture of LGC induces a potent laxative effect in Lop-induced constipation through mucosal tissue changes and mucin production. We also demonstrated that the laxative effect of LGC is closely related to the expression of mAChR and its downstream signals, suggesting the possibility of developing a constipation-laxative agent using LGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Lim Lee
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 2 College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hyun Keun Song
- 3 Biomedical Science Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Shang ZP, Wang F, Zhang JY, Wang ZJ, Lu JQ, Wang HY, Li N. The genus Liriope: Phytochemistry and pharmacology. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:801-815. [PMID: 29329607 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liriope (Liliaceae) species have been used as folk medicines in Asian countries since ancient times. From Liriope plants (8 species), a total of 132 compounds (except polysaccharides) have been isolated and identified, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. The crude extracts or monomeric compounds from this genus have been shown to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The present review summarizes the results on phytochemical and biological studies on Liriope plants. The chemotaxonomy of this genus is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Lu
- Library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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12
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Paudel YN, Ali MR, Bawa S, Shah S, Adil M, Siddiqui A, Basheer AS, Hassan MQ, Sharma M. Evaluation of 4-methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl) amino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid against hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress-induced inflammatory responses and β-cell damage in the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:163-174. [PMID: 29233026 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117692133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
4-Methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl) amino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (bioactive compound (BAC)), a novel thiazole derivative, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and free radical scavenging agent. Effects of BAC on hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neonatal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats where NIDDM was induced in neonatal pups with single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg). The effect of BAC (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks was evaluated by the determination of blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c level, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) and oxidative stress were estimated in serum and pancreatic tissue, respectively. Significant alteration in the level of blood glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, in addition variation in the antioxidant status and inflammatory mediators, and alteration in histoarchitecture of pancreatic tissue confirmed the potential of BAC in STZ-induced neonatal models of NIDDM rats. Pretreatment with BAC restored the level of glucose by decreasing the IR and increasing the insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, BAC balanced the antioxidant status and preserved the inflammatory mediators. Histological studies of pancreatic tissues showed normal architecture after BAC administration to diabetic rats. Altogether, our results suggest that BAC successfully reduces the blood glucose level and possesses antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities. This leads to decreased histological damage in diabetic pancreatic tissues, suggesting the possibility of future diabetes treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Paudel
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M R Ali
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bawa
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - S Shah
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M Adil
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A Siddiqui
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A S Basheer
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M Q Hassan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M Sharma
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Sonochemical Green Synthesis of Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) Nanoparticles as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Construction of Biologically Interesting 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim MJ, Yoo YC, Sung NY, Lee J, Park SR, Shon EJ, Lee BD, Kim MR. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Liriope platyphylla in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages and Endotoxemic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1127-1143. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antisepticemic activities of a water extract of Liriope platyphylla (LP) were investigated. We first estimated the scavenging activity of DPPH and the hydroxyl radical and total phenolic contents of LP. Results indicated that LP, a rich source of phenolic compounds, showed a remarkable radical scavenging capacity. A MTT assay showed that LP treatment did not affect the toxicity against the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, up to the concentration of 500[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. Treatment of LP significantly attenuated the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] and prostaglandin (PG)E2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. Moreover, LP contributed to the down-regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and TNF-[Formula: see text] mRNA expression, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. A western blotting assay further showed that LP inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B. In an animal experiment using an LPS-induced septicemia model in C57BL/6 mice, oral administration of LP (40[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight) markedly reduced the level of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 in serum and protected against LPS-induced lethal shock in mice. Taken together, the results of treatments of LP on inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in both in vitro and in vivo models and indicate it may be a promising neutraceutical or medicinal agent to prevent or cure inflammation-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yung-Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-632, Korea
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Julim Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-632, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-632, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Bo Dam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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15
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Kim HJ, Park SY, Kim DG, Park SH, Lee H, Hwang DY, Jung MH, Ha KT, Kim BJ. Effects of the roots of Liriope Platyphylla Wang Et tang on gastrointestinal motility function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:144-153. [PMID: 26969403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang continues to be used in Korea as a traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders related to constipation and abnormal GI motility. AIM OF THE STUDY Because GI disorders, especially GI motility dysfunctions, are major lifelong problems, the authors investigated the effects of a water extract of the roots of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (LPE) on the pacemaker potentials (PPTs) of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and on GI motility in male ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record PPTs generated by cultured ICCs in vitro. In vivo effects of LPE on GI motility were investigated by measuring intestinal transit rates (ITRs) of Evans blue in normal mice and in acetic acid (AA) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse models of GI motility dysfunction. RESULTS LPE dose-dependently depolarized PPTs in ICCs. Pretreatment with methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) did not block LPE-induced PPT depolarization. However, pretreatment with 4-DAMP (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) blocked LPE-induced PPT depolarization. In addition, treatment with LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor) also blocked LPE-induced PPT depolarization. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited LPE-induced PPT depolarization, and LPE-induced PPT depolarization was found to occur in a phospholipase C (PLC)- and a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Ca(2+)free solution or thapsigargin (a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum) abolished PPTs, and under these conditions, LPE did not depolarize ICC PPTs. In normal mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by LPE (0.01-1g/kg administered intragastrically (i.g.)). In addition, LPE (i.g.) significantly recovered GI motility dysfunctions in both animal models. CONCLUSION LPE dose-dependently depolarizes ICC PPTs through M3 receptors via external and internal Ca(2+)regulation and via G protein-, PI3K-, PLC- and PKC- dependent pathways in vitro. Also, in vivo, LPE increased ITRs in treatment naïve mice and our two mouse models of GI dysfunction. Therefore, this study shows that LPE offers a basis for the development of a prokinetic agent that prevents or alleviates GI motility dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geon Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hae Park
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseob Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Hadrich F, Garcia M, Maalej A, Moldes M, Isoda H, Feve B, Sayadi S. Oleuropein activated AMPK and induced insulin sensitivity in C2C12 muscle cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Saba E, Jeong DH, Roh SS, Kim SH, Kim SD, Kim HK, Rhee MH. Black ginseng-enriched Chong-Myung-Tang extracts improve spatial learning behavior in rats and elicit anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:151-158. [PMID: 28413319 PMCID: PMC5386102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chong-Myung-Tang (CMT) extract is widely used in Korea as a traditional herbal tonic for increasing memory capacity in high-school students and also for numerous body ailments since centuries. The use of CMT to improve the learning capacity has been attributed to various plant constituents, especially black ginseng, in it. Therefore, in this study, we have first investigated whether black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts affected spatial learning using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Their molecular mechanism of action underlying improvement of learning and memory was examined in vitro. Methods We used two types of black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, designated as CM-1 and CM-2, and evaluated their efficacy in the MWM test for spatial learning behavior and their anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells. Results Our results show that both black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts improved the learning behavior in scopolamine-induced impairment in the water maze test. Moreover, these extracts also inhibited nitric oxide production in BV2 cells, with significant suppression of expression of proinflammatory cytokines, especially inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1β. The protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathway factors was also diminished by black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, indicating that it not only improves the memory impairment, but also acts a potent anti-inflammatory agent for neuroinflammatory diseases. Conclusion Our research for the first time provides the scientific evidence that consumption of black ginseng-enriched CMT extract as a brain tonic improves memory impairment. Thus, our study results can be taken as a reference for future neurobehavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Saba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Man-Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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A 70% Ethanol Extract of Mistletoe Rich in Betulin, Betulinic Acid, and Oleanolic Acid Potentiated β-Cell Function and Mass and Enhanced Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7836823. [PMID: 26884795 PMCID: PMC4738752 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7836823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated that the long-term consumption of the water (KME-W) and 70% ethanol (KME-E) mistletoe extracts had antidiabetic activities in partial pancreatectomized (Px) rats. Px rats were provided with a high-fat diet containing 0.6% KME-E, 0.6% KME-W, and 0.6% dextrin (control) for 8 weeks. As normal-control, Sham-operated rats were provided with 0.6% dextrin. In cell-based studies, the effects of its main terpenoids (betulin, betulinic acid, and oleanolic acid) on glucose metabolism were measured. Both KME-W and KME-E decreased epididymal fat mass by increasing fat oxidation in diabetic rats. KME-E but not KME-W exhibited greater potentiation of first-phase insulin secretion than the Px-control in a hyperglycemic clamp. KME-E also made β-cell mass greater than the control by increasing β-cell proliferation and decreasing its apoptosis. In a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, whole-body glucose infusion rate and hepatic glucose output increased with potentiating hepatic insulin signaling in the following order: Px-control, KME-W, KME-E, and normal-control. Betulin potentiated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake via increased PPAR-γ activity and insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas oleanolic acid enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cell proliferation in insulinoma cells. In conclusion, KME-E prevented the deterioration of glucose metabolism in diabetic rats more effectively than KME-W and KME-E can be a better therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes than KME-W.
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Kim JE, Park SH, Kwak MH, Go J, Koh EK, Song SH, Sung JE, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Characterization of Changes in Global Genes Expression in the Distal Colon of Loperamide-Induced Constipation SD Rats in Response to the Laxative Effects of Liriope platyphylla. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129664. [PMID: 26151867 PMCID: PMC4495015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the changes in global gene expression in the distal colon of constipated SD rats in response to the laxative effects of aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla (AEtLP), including isoflavone, saponin, oligosaccharide, succinic acid and hydroxyproline, the total RNA extracted from the distal colon of AEtLP-treated constipation rats was hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays. The AEtLP treated rats showed an increase in the number of stools, mucosa thickness, flat luminal surface thickness, mucin secretion, and crypt number. Overall, compared to the controls, 581 genes were up-regulated and 216 genes were down-regulated by the constipation induced by loperamide in the constipated rats. After the AEtLP treatment, 67 genes were up-regulated and 421 genes were down-regulated. Among the transcripts up-regulated by constipation, 89 were significantly down-regulated and 22 were recovered to the normal levels by the AEtLP treatment. The major genes in the down-regulated categories included Slc9a5, klk10, Fgf15, and Alpi, whereas the major genes in the recovered categories were Cyp2b2, Ace, G6pc, and Setbp1. On the other hand, after the AEtLP treatment, ten of these genes down-regulated by constipation were up-regulated significantly and five were recovered to the normal levels. The major genes in the up-regulated categories included Serpina3n, Lcn2 and Slc5a8, whereas the major genes in the recovered categories were Tmem45a, Rerg and Rgc32. These results indicate that several gene functional groups and individual genes as constipation biomarkers respond to an AEtLP treatment in constipated model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
| | - So Hae Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609–735, Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Koh
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609–735, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 361–763, Korea
- * E-mail: (DYH); (JTH)
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627–706, Korea
- * E-mail: (DYH); (JTH)
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Hafez Ghoran S, Saeidnia S, Babaei E, Kiuchi F, Hussain H. Scillapersicene: a new homoisoflavonoid with cytotoxic activity from the bulbs of Scilla persica HAUSSKN. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1309-14. [PMID: 26140544 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1054286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of Scilla persica HAUSSKN bulbs led to the isolation of a novel homoisoflavonoid that named Scillapersicene (1) and identified as 3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)-8-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxychroman-4-one along with five known homoisoflavonoids 2-6, whose structures were elucidated using HRFAB-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The known compounds were identified as 3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxychroman-4-one (2), 3,9-dihydro-autumnalin (3), autumnalin (4), 3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxychroman-4-one (5) and scillapersicone (6). All compounds obtained, expect 2 and 4, showed strong cytotoxic activity against AGS cell line. The toxicity on AGS cell line was measured by 1, 3, 5 and 6 with IC50 values of 8.4, 30.5, 10.7 and 24.2 μM, respectively. In addition, the physico-chemical properties of these natural compounds were optimised using density functional method (B3LYP) with standard 6-311+G* basis set. These natural products have low-energy gaps between the first ionisation potentials and highest occupied molecular orbital. In conclusion, the low-energy gap could cause reason for cytotoxic activity of homoisoflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Hafez Ghoran
- a Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Golestan University , Gorgan 4913815739 , Iran
| | - Soodabeh Saeidnia
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1417614411 , Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- c Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences , University of Tabriz , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Fumiyuki Kiuchi
- d Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Keio University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- e UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
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Abstract
A new source of natural anthocyanins dyes, from Liriope platyphylla fruit, is proposed. This paper analyzes the dye extracts, the primary color components of the extracts, the color features of the extracts under different pH conditions, and their application in silk dyeing. The research shows that, nine anthocyanins are found in L. platyphylla fruits by analyzing the results of the HPLC/DAD, MS, and MS/MS spectra. The five major anthocyanins related to delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin derivatives take up 91.72% of total anthocyanin contents. The color of the solution is red under acidic condition (pH < 3.0) and stays in yellow under alkaline condition with pH values above 7.0. The dye extracts applied to silk fabric with mordant free dyeing show different color under different pH conditions, changing between purple, blue, green, and yellow. However, the dyed colors is light and the dyeing rate is low. Metal mordant such as Sn in chelation enhances the dye depth and improves the fastness of the dyed silk fabrics, especially in silk fabrics dyed by premordanting and metamordanting.
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Hafez Ghoran S, Saeidnia S, Babaei E, Kiuchi F, Dusek M, Eigner V, Dehno Khalaji A, Soltani A, Ebrahimi P, Mighani H. Biochemical and biophysical properties of a novel homoisoflavonoid extracted from Scilla persica HAUSSKN. Bioorg Chem 2014; 57:51-56. [PMID: 25181677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study isolation and structural elucidation of a homoisoflavonoid, 3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-8-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxychroman-4-one (Scillapersicone 1), is reported from Scilla persica HAUSSKN. The structure was solved by a single crystal X-ray analysis. The unit cell parameters are a=11.7676 (2)Å, b=20.1174 (4)Å, c=7.8645 (9)Å, β=93.544 (2)°, V=1858.23 (7)Å(3), monoclinic space group P21/c and four symmetry equivalent molecules in an unit cell. The structure was consistent with the UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HRFAB-MS data. The optimized molecular geometry agrees closely that obtained from the single crystal X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of this compound was evaluated by MTT assay on AGS and WEHI-164 cancerous cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Hafez Ghoran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan 4913815759, Iran.
| | - Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fumiyuki Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michal Dusek
- Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Eigner
- Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan 4913815759, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltani
- Department of Chemistry, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Pouneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan 4913815759, Iran
| | - Hossein Mighani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan 4913815759, Iran
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Wang H. Rapid quantitative analysis of individual anthocyanin content based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection with the pH differential method. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2535-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayin Wang
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China
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A Method for the Simultaneous Determination of 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Metabolites by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Using [13C]-stable Isotopes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1485-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ko BS, Jang JS, Hong SM, Sung SR, Lee JE, Lee MY, Jeon WK, Park S. Changes in Components, Glycyrrhizin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid, in RawGlycyrrhiza uralensisFisch, Modify Insulin Sensitizing and Insulinotropic Actions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1452-61. [PMID: 17587675 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that roasted Glycyrrhizae Radix (Glycyrrhizin Radix Praeparata, GRP) might modify anti-diabetic action due to compositional changes. Then we examined the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of raw Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) and GRP extracts and their major respective components, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid. In partial pancreatectomized (Px) diabetic mice, both GR and GRP improved glucose tolerance, but only GRP enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as much as exendin-4. Both GR and GRP extracts enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake through peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Consistently with the results of the mice study, only GRP and glycyrrhetinic acid enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated islets. In addition, they induced mRNA levels of insulin receptor substrate-2, pancreas duodenum homeobox-1, and glucokinase in the islets, which contributed to improving beta-cell viability. In conclusion, GRP extract containing glycyrrhetinic acid improved glucose tolerance better than GR extract by enhancing insulinotropic action. Thus, GRP had better anti-diabetic action than GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Seob Ko
- Deptartment of Quality Control and Inspection, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korea
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El-Abhar HS, Schaalan MF. Phytotherapy in diabetes: Review on potential mechanistic perspectives. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:176-197. [PMID: 24748931 PMCID: PMC3990312 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widely spread epidemic disease that results from the absence of insulin, decreased secretion and/or impaired function. Since DM is a multi-factorial disease, the available pharmaceuticals, despite their sensible treatment, target mostly one pathway to control hyperglycemia and encounter several side effects. Therefore, new therapeutic paradigms aim to hit several pathways using only one agent. Traditionally, antidiabetic plants and/or their active constituents may fulfill this need. More than 200 species of plants possess antidiabetic properties which were evaluated mostly by screening tests without digging far for the exact mode of action. Searching among the different literature resources and various database and in view of the above aspects, the present article provides a comprehensive review on the available antidiabetic plants that have been approved by pharmacological and clinical evaluations, and which their mechanism(s) of action is assured. These plants are categorized according to their proved mode of action and are classified into those that act by inhibiting glucose absorption from intestine, increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas, inhibiting glucose production from hepatocytes, or enhancing glucose uptake by adipose and muscle tissues. The current review also highlights those that mimic in their action the new peptide analogs, such as exenatide, liraglutide and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors that increase glucagon-like peptide-1 serum concentration and slow down the gastric emptying.
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Ko J, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:333. [PMID: 24274470 PMCID: PMC4222752 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Liriope platyphylla has long been reported as a therapeutic drug for treatment of various human chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. To investigate the laxative effects of L. platyphylla, alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were investigated in rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP). Methods Alterations on constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with AEtLP using excretion parameter analysis, histological analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Results The amounts of stool and urine excretion were significantly higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, whereas food intake and water consumption were maintained at constant levels. AEtLP treatment also induced an increase in villus length, crypt layer, and muscle thickness in the constipation model. Total mucin secretion was higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, although mucin secretion per crypt was very similar among all groups. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot revealed a dramatic reduction of key factors level on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) signaling pathway in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group relative to the Lop + vehicle-treated group. Especially, the accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes of crypts following Lop treatment was improved to the level of the No-treated group in response to AEtLP treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that AEtLP improves constipation induced by Lop treatment through an increase in crypt layer and stimulation of lipid droplet secretions. These data are the first to show that the laxative effects of AEtLP are closely related to the down-regulation of mAchRs and their downstream signals.
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Yang HJ, Kwon DY, Moon NR, Kim MJ, Kang HJ, Jung DY, Park S. Soybean fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis increases insulin sensitizing and insulinotropic activity. Food Funct 2013; 4:1675-84. [PMID: 24096532 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally fermented soybeans (chungkookjang; TFC) may have potent anti-diabetic activity, depending on the ambient microorganisms and conditions. We hypothesized that one of the major Bacillus species in TFC contributes to the anti-diabetic activity and could be used to standardize a highly functional TFC. We tested the hypothesis by using cell-based studies to evaluate insulin sensitizing and insulinotropic action of chungkookjangs fermented with various Bacillus spp. and fermentation periods. The 70% methanol and water extracts of chungkookjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis (BL) for 48 h contained similar profiles of isoflavonoids and peptides to methanol and water extracts of TFC with potent anti-diabetic activity. Water extracts (mainly containing peptides) of TFC and BL fermented for 48 h and 72 h had a better insulin sensitizing action via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and increased the expression of PPAR-γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes better than unfermented cooked soybeans (CSB). The 70% methanol extracts (predominantly isoflavone aglycones) of BL fermented for 48 h and 72 h improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protected β-cell viability better than CSB in insulinoma cells, and the improvement by BL was similar to TFC. In conclusion, the BL water extract fermented for 48 h exhibited equal insulin sensitization as TFC and BL methanol extract exerted similar insulinotropic actions to those of TFC. B. licheniformis may be one of the major microorganisms responsible for anti-diabetic actions of chungkookjang. It is important to make chungkookjang that retains the anti-diabetic properties of the most efficacious traditional chungkookjang using a standardized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Division of Food Certificate Center, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam, South Korea
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Han Y, Jung HW, Lee DH, Kwon SY, Son KH, Park YK. Anti-inflammatory effects of prosapogenin III from the dried roots of Liriope platyphylla in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1038-1049. [PMID: 23944983 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.825253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla has been reported to possess various biological activities, including anti-asthma, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, and neuriotogenic properties. In this study, we evaluated the effects of prosapogenin III isolated from the roots of L. platyphylla (Liriopis Tuber) on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. We investigated LPS-induced production/expression of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW264.7 cells. We also performed Western blot analysis for determination of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated cells. Treatment with prosapogenin III resulted in significant inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells through suppression of iNOS expression. Treatment with prosapogenin III resulted in a significant decrease in expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 through down-regulation of their mRNA or protein in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, treatment with prosapogenin III resulted in potently inhibited phosphorylation of three MAPKs, including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in LPS-stimulated cells. Treatment with prosapogenin III also resulted in suppression of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated cells. These results indicate that prosapogenin III of Liriopis Tuber has anti-inflammatory effects in activated macrophages through inhibition of production of inflammatory mediators by blockade of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Han
- a Oriental Medicine R&D Center , Dongguk University , Gyeongju , 780-714 , Republic of Korea
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Kwak MH, Kim JE, Hwang IS, Lee YJ, An BS, Hong JT, Lee SH, Hwang DY. Quantitative evaluation of therapeutic effect of Liriope platyphylla on phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:880-889. [PMID: 23726789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A variety of previous pharmacological studies have suggested that Liriope platyphylla may exert beneficial biological effects on inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, obesity, and atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY The therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla (AEtLP) on AD was quantified using the luciferase report system in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic (Tg) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alteration of the luciferase signal was quantified in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice co-treated with phthalic anhydride (PA) and AEtLP for 2 weeks using the IVIS imaging system. Phenotypes of AD were assessed by ear thickness analysis, measurement of immune-related organ weights, ELISA, and histological and pathological analysis in Tg mice. RESULTS A strong luciferase signal was detected in the abdominal region of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice treated with only PA. However, this signal was significantly reduced in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice co-treated with PA+AEtLP in an AEtLP concentration-dependent manner. Especially, three organs, the thymus, pancreas, and submandibular lymph node (SL), showed a high signal response to PA treatment. Furthermore, to verify whether or not alteration of the luciferase signal is associated with AD, these disease response phenotypes were measured in the same group of mice. Common allergenic responses including increases in ear thickness, lymph node weight, IgE concentration, and infiltrated mast cells were detected in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice treated with PA. However, these responses were dramatically decreased by AEtLP treatment for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the luciferase signal may successfully reflect the therapeutic effects of AEtLP in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. Further, we suggest additional evidence that Liriope platyphylla may be considered as an effective therapeutic drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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The effects of Gamijinhae-tang on elastase/lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in an animal model of acute lung injury. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:176. [PMID: 23866260 PMCID: PMC3722031 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Gamijinhae-tang (GJHT) has long been used in Korea to treat respiratory diseases. The therapeutic effect of GJHT is likely associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of GJHT in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced animal model of acute lung injury (ALI). Methods In this study, mice were intranasally exposed to PPE and LPS for 4 weeks to induce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to PPE and LPS administration, the treatment group was administered GJHT extracts via an oral injection. The numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. For histologic analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were evaluated. Results After inducing ALI by treating mice with PPE and LPS for 4 weeks, the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cells were significantly lower in the GJHT group than in the ALI group. In addition, the IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the GJHT group. The histological results also demonstrated the attenuation effect of GJHT on PPE- and LPS-induced lung inflammation. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that GJHT has significantly reduces PPE- and LPS-induced lung inflammation. The remarkable protective effects of GJHT suggest its therapeutic potential in COPD treatment.
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Red Liriope platyphylla stimulated the insulin secretion through the regulation of calcium concentration in rat insulinoma cells and animal models. Lab Anim Res 2013; 29:84-95. [PMID: 23825481 PMCID: PMC3696629 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2013.29.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Red L. platyphylla (RLP) on calcium and glucose levels during insulin secretion. To achieve this, alteration of insulin and calcium concentrations was measured in rat insulinoma-1 (INS-1) cells and animal models in response to RLP treatment. In INS-1 cells, maximum secretion of insulin was detected upon treatment with 200 µg/mL of RLP for 20 min. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, effectively inhibited insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Regarding calcium levels, the maximum concentration of intracellular calcium in INS-1 cells was obtained by treatment with 100 µg/mL of RLP, whereas this level was reduced under conditions of 200 µg/mL of RLP. Further, RLP-treated INS-1 cells showed a higher level of intracellular calcium than that of L. platyphylla (LP), Korea White Ginseng (KWG), or Korea Red Ginseng (KRG)-treated cells. This RLP-induced increase in intracellular calcium was abrogated but not completely abolished upon treatment with 40 µM nifedipine in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the insulin level was dramatically elevated upon co-treatment with high concentrations of glucose and RLP, whereas it was maintained at a low level in response to glucose and RLP co-treatment at low concentrations. In an animal experiment, the serum concentration of calcium increased or decreased upon RLP treatment according to glucose level compared to vehicle treatment. Therefore, these results suggest that insulin secretion induced by RLP treatment may be tightly correlated with calcium regulation, which suggests RLP is an excellent candidate for diabetes treatment.
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Immunomodulatory effects of Liriope platyphylla water extract on lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage. Nutrients 2012. [PMID: 23201926 PMCID: PMC3546613 DOI: 10.3390/nu4121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuber of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang (Liliaceae), also known as Liriopis tuber, is famous in Oriental medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic properties. In the present study, the effects of Liriopis tuber water extract (LP) on proinflammatory mediators secreted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were investigated. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and intracellular calcium release were measured after 24 h incubation. Various cytokines and nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB and CREB) of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 were measured by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. LP (up to 200 μg/mL) significantly decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, interferon-inducible protein-10, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, platelet derived growth factor, PGE2, intracellular calcium, NF-κB and CREB in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). The results suggest that LP has immunomodulatory activity to reduce excessive immune reactions during the activation of macrophages by LPS. Further studies are needed to verify the precise mechanism regulating immunomodulatory activities of LP.
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Effects of Red Liriope platyphylla on NGF secretion ability, NGF receptor signaling pathway and γ-secretase components in NSE/hAPPsw transgenic mice expressing Alzheimer's Disease. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:155-63. [PMID: 23091515 PMCID: PMC3469843 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla (LP) has long been regarded as a curative herb for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, and neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the therapeutic effects of Red LP (RLP) manufactured by steaming process on neurodegenerative disorders, significant alteration of the key factors influencing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was detected in NSE/hAPPsw transgenic (Tg) mice after RLP treatment. The concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum increased in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice compared with vehicle-treated Tg mice. However, downstream effectors of the NGF receptor signaling pathway, including TrkA and p75NTR proteins, were suppressed in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice. Especially, Tg mice showed decreased levels of TrkA, p75NTR, and RhoA expression. Production of Aβ-42 peptides was lower in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice than in vehicle-treated Tg mice. Further, analysis of γ-secretase components showed that Aβ-42 peptide expression was downregulated. Of the four components, the expression of APH-1 and Nicastrin (NCT) decreased in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice, whereas expression of PS-2 and Pen-2 was maintained or increased within the same group. Overall, these results suggest that RLP can help relieve neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD, through upregulation of NGF secretion ability, activation of NGF signaling pathway, downregulation of Aβ-42 peptide deposition, and alteration of γ-secretase components.
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Aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicine, significantly inhibits abdominal fat accumulation and improves glucose regulation in OLETF type II diabetes model rats. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:181-91. [PMID: 23091518 PMCID: PMC3469846 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla is a medical herb that has long been used in Korea and China to treat cough, sputum, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and diabetes. The aims of this study were to determine the antidiabetic and antiobesity effects of aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP) through glucose and lipid regulation in both pre-diabetes and obesity stage of type II diabetes model. Two concentrations of AEtLP were orally administrated to OLETF (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats once a day for 2 weeks, after which changes in glucose metabolism and fat accumulation were measured. Abdominal fat mass dramatically decreased in AEtLP-treated OLETF rats, whereas glucose concentration slightly decreased in all AEtLP-treated rats. However, compared to vehicle-treated OLETF rats, only AEtLP10 (10% concentration)-treated OLETF rats displayed significant induction of insulin production, whereas AEtLP5 (5% concentration)-treated OLETF rats showed a lower level of insulin. Although serum adiponectin level increased in only AEtLP5-treated rats, significant alteration of lipid concentration was detected in AEtLP5-treated OLETF rats. Expression of Glut-1 decreased in all AEtLP-treated rats, whereas Akt phosphorylation increased only in AEtLP10-treated OLETF rats. Furthermore, the pattern of Glut-3 expression was very similar with that of Glut-1 expression, which roughly corresponded with the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-teminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Therefore, these findings suggest that AEtLP should be considered as a therapeutic candidate during pre-diabetes and obesity stage capable of inducing insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, glucose uptake in liver cells, as well as a decrease in fat and lipid accumulation.
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Choi SI, Goo JS, Kim JE, Nam SH, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Son HJ, Lee HS, Lee JS, Kim HJ, Hwang DY. Differential effects of the steaming time and frequency for manufactured red Liriope platyphylla on nerve growth factor secretion ability, nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway and regulation of calcium concentration. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1160-70. [PMID: 22895564 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb Liriope platyphylla (LP) has been considered to have curative properties for diabetes, asthma and neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the effects of steaming time and frequency of manufactured red LP (RLP) on the nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion ability and NGF receptor signaling pathway, the NGF concentration, cell differentiation, NGF signaling pathway and calcium concentration were analyzed in neuronal cells treated with several types of LPs manufactured under different conditions. The maximum NGF secretion was observed in B35 cells treated with 50 µg/ml LP extract steamed for 9 h (9-SLP) and with two repeated steps (3 h steaming and 24 h air-dried) carried out 7 times (7-SALP). No significant changes in viability were detected in any of the cells treated with the various LPs, with the exception of 0-SLP and 0-SALP. In addition, PC12 cell differentiation was induced by treatment with the NGF-containing conditional medium (CM) collected from the RLP-treated cells. The levels of TrkA and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in the high affinity NGF receptor signaling pathway were significantly higher in the cells treated with 3-SLP or 1-SALP/3-SALP CM compared with those treated with the vehicle CM. In the low affinity NGF receptor pathway, the expression levels of most components were higher in the 9-, 15- and 24-SALP CM-treated cells compared with the vehicle CM-treated cells. However, this level was significantly altered in cells treated with 3-SALP CM. Furthermore, an examination of the RLP function on calcium regulation revealed that only the LP- or RLP-treated cells exhibited changes in intracellular and extracellular calcium levels. RLP induced a significant decrease in the intracellular calcium levels and an increase in the extracellular calcium levels. These results suggest the possibility that steaming-processed LP may aid in the relief of neurodegenerative diseases through the NGF secretion ability and NGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Il Choi
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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LEE HYERYUN, KIM JIEUN, GOO JUNSEO, CHOI SUNIL, HWANG INSIK, LEE YOUNGJU, SON HONGJOO, LEE HEESEOB, LEE JONGSUP, HWANG DAEYOUN. Red Liriope platyphylla contains a large amount of polyphenolic compounds which stimulate insulin secretion and suppress fatty liver formation through the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in OLETF rats. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:905-13. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kim JE, Hwang IS, Goo JS, Nam SH, Choi SI, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Kim YH, Park SJ, Kim NS, Choi YH, Hwang DY. LP9M80-H Isolated from Liriope platyphylla Could Help Alleviate Diabetic Symptoms via the Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2012.22.5.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lee HA, Han JS. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Fermented Liriope platyphylla Extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lee JH, Choung MG. Identification and characterisation of anthocyanins in the antioxidant activity-containing fraction of Liriope platyphylla fruits. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim JE, Nam SH, Choi SI, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Jang MJ, Lee CY, Soon HJ, Lee HS, Kim HS, Kang BC, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Aqueous Extracts of Liriope platyphylla Are Tightly-Regulated by Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic Islets and by Increased Glucose Uptake through Glucose Transporters Expressed in Liver Hepatocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Effects of Steaming Time and Frequency for Manufactured Red Liriope platyphylla on the Insulin Secretion Ability and Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway. Lab Anim Res 2011; 27:117-26. [PMID: 21826171 PMCID: PMC3146006 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In oriental medicine, Liriope platyphylla (LP) has long been regarded as a curative herb useful for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, and neurodegenerative disorders. The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of steaming time and frequency for manufactured Red LP (RLP) on insulin secretion ability and insulin receptor signaling pathway. To achieve our goal, several types of LPs manufactured under different conditions were applied to INS cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice, after which alterations in insulin concentrations were detected in the culture supernatants and sera. The optimal concentration for the investigation of insulin secretion ability was found to be 50 ug/mL of LP. At this concentration, maximum insulin secretion was observed in the INS cells treated with LP extract steamed for 3 h (3-SLP) with two repeated steps (3 h steaming and 24 h air-dried) carried out 9 times (9-SALP); no significant changes in viability were detected in any of the treated cells. Additionally, the expression and phosphorylation levels of most components in the insulin receptor signaling pathway were increased significantly in the majority of cells treated with steaming-processed LP as compared to the cells treated with LP prepared without steaming. With regard to glucose transporter (GLUT) expression, alterations of steaming time induced similar responses on the expression levels of GLUT-2 and GLUT-3. However, differences in steaming frequency were also shown to induce dose-dependent responses in the expression level of GLUT-2 only; no significant differences in GLUT-3 expression were detected under these conditions. Furthermore, these responses observed in vitro were similarly detected in STZ-induced diabetic mice. 24-SLP and 9-SALP treatment applied for 14 days induced the down-regulation of glucose concentration and upregulation of insulin concentration. Therefore, these results indicated that the steaming processed LP may contribute to the relief of diabetes symptoms and should be regarded as an excellent candidate for a diabetes treatment.
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Lee JH, Seo WT, Cho KM. Determination of Phytochemical Contents and Biological Activities from the Fruits of Elaeagnus multiflora. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.1.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kwon DY, Hong SM, Ahn IS, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park S. Isoflavonoids and peptides from meju, long-term fermented soybeans, increase insulin sensitivity and exert insulinotropic effects in vitro. Nutrition 2011; 27:244-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lin Y, Zhu D, Qi J, Qin M, Yu B. Characterization of homoisoflavonoids in different cultivation regions of Ophiopogon japonicus and related antioxidant activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:757-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shin SS, Jung YS, Yoon KH, Choi S, Hong Y, Park D, Lee H, Seo BI, Lee HY, Yoon M. The Korean traditional medicine gyeongshingangjeehwan inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral adipose tissue accumulation by activating PPARalpha actions in rat white adipose tissues. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:47-54. [PMID: 19799979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Gyeongshingangjeehwan (GGEx), which is a polyherbal drug composed of four medicinal plants, has traditionally been used as anti-obesity drug in Korean local clinics. Thus, we investigated the effects of GGEx on visceral adiposity and examined whether adipose peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activation is involved in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS After Obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with GGEx, we studied the effects of GGEx on not only visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and adipocyte size, but also the expression of adipocyte marker and PPARalpha target genes. RESULTS Administration of GGEx to obese rats for 8 weeks decreased visceral WAT weight by 30% and the size of adipocytes in mesenteric WAT by 31% without weight changes of other organs. Concomitantly, GGEx increased mRNA levels of PPARalpha target genes responsible for fatty acid beta-oxidation in mesenteric WAT whereas decreased mRNA expression of adipocyte markers, such as PPARgamma, aP2 and leptin. Serological studies demonstrated that plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides as well as insulin and glucose were decreased following GGEx treatment. Consistent with the in vivo data, GGEx increased PPARalpha reporter gene activity and induced the mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation in 3T3-L1 cells. GGEx also inhibited triglyceride accumulation in these cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GGEx promotes the reductions in visceral fat mass and adipocyte size in obese animals, and that this event may be mediated by adipose PPARalpha activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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The Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice Were Significantly Relieved by the Water Extract ofLiriope platyphylla. Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Ma C, Li G, Zhang J, Zheng Q, Fan X, Wang Z. An efficient combination of supercritical fluid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography to extract and purify homoisoflavonoids from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawler. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1949-56. [PMID: 19425020 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract homoisoflavonoids from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawler. The optimization of parameters was carried out using an orthogonal test L9 (3)(4) including pressure, temperature, dynamic extraction time and the amount of modifier. The process was then scaled up by 100 times with a preparative SFE system under the optimized conditions of 25 MPa, 55 degrees C, 4.0 h and 25% methanol as a modifier. Then crude extracts were separated and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/ACN/water (1.8:1.0:1.0:1.2:1.0 v/v). There three homoisoflavonoidal compounds including methylophiopogonanone A 6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonone A, and 6-formyl-isoophiopogonanone A, were successfully isolated and purified in one step. The collected fractions were analyzed by HPLC. In each operation, 140 mg crude extracts was separated and yielded 15.3 mg of methylophiopogonanone A (96.9% purity), 4.1 mg of 6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonone A (98.3% purity) and 13.5 mg of 6-formyl-isoophiopogonanone A (97.3% purity) respectively. The chemical structure of the three homoisoflavonoids are identified by means of ESI-MS and NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Chen CC, Hsiang CY, Chiang AN, Lo HY, Li CI. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transactivation-mediated potentiation of glucose uptake by Bai-Hu-Tang. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:46-50. [PMID: 18440169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The molecular mechanism of a traditional hypoglycemic Chinese herbal formula. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the glucose uptake effect as well as the mechanism(s) of action of Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, composed of anemarrhena, gypsum, licorice and rice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with vehicle, insulin or insulin plus different concentrations of BHT. The 2-deoxy-[(3)H] glucose uptake assay was performed to measure the amount of glucose uptake. To explore the mechanism(s) of glucose uptake of BHT, we used two insulin signaling transduction inhibitors, N-Acetyl-Leu-Leu-Norleu-al (ALLN), a calpain inhibitor, and LY 294002, a phosphatidylinositol (PI)3-kinase inhibitor, to test if the glucose uptake effect was mediated by the insulin signaling pathway. We then used Western blot analysis to re-confirm the result of the insulin signaling inhibition assay. Finally, reporter chimera assay of HuH-7 cells was used to measure the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation by BHT. RESULTS BHT potentiated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effect of BHT-stimulated glucose uptake was neither inhibited by ALLN nor by LY 294002. The protein expression of PI3 kinase pathway did not change after BHT stimulation. PPARgamma activation was elevated by 67.7+/-32% (p<0.05) in HuH-7 cells treated with 0.8 microg/ml of BHT. CONCLUSIONS BHT stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This effect was via PPARgamma activation rather than via the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
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Kwon DY, Jang JS, Lee JE, Kim YS, Shin DH, Park S. The isoflavonoid aglycone-rich fractions of Chungkookjang, fermented unsalted soybeans, enhance insulin signaling and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity in vitro. Biofactors 2006; 26:245-58. [PMID: 17119271 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520260403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We investigated anti-diabetic candidates and their mechanisms from the fractions of Chungkookjang (CKJ), a traditional fermented unsalted soybean, by investigating insulin signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, in vitro. Cooked soybeans (CSB) and CKJ, fermented predominantly with Bacillus subtilis, were extracted by 70% EtOH followed by an XAD-4 column chromatography with a serial mixture of solvents comprised of MeOH and water. During fermentation, the contents of isoflavonoid aglycones were elevated, and the fractions enriched with aglycones enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This increase in glucose uptake resulted from stimulating a translocation of the glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 into the plasma membrane through the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and Akt. Especially, daidzein enriched fractions elevated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by acting as PPAR-gamma agonist up to levels exhibited when 10 nM insulin is administered. Fractions containing small peptides with low polarity in CKJ slightly increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The data suggest that an increase in isoflavonoid aglycones in CKJ, in comparison to CSB, enhances glucose utilization via activating insulin signaling and stimulates PPAR-gamma activity in adipocytes. In addition, CKJ contains small peptides improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in insulinoma cells. Overall, CKJ is superior to CSB in anti-diabetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Kwon
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Korea
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