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Tejero Pérez A, Kapravelou G, Porres Foulquie JM, López Jurado Romero de la Cruz M, Martínez Martínez R. Potential benefits of microalgae intake against metabolic diseases: beyond spirulina-a systematic review of animal studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad098. [PMID: 37643736 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Microalgae are a diverse source of bioactive molecules, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids, with beneficial properties in biomarkers of metabolic diseases. Unlike the rest of the microalgae genera, Arthrospira sp., commonly called spirulina, has been widely studied. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the current knowledge about microalgae, besides spirulina, focusing on their beneficial properties against metabolic diseases. DATA SOURCES A systematic research of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published after January 2012. In vivo animal studies including microalgae consumption, except for spirulina, that significantly improved altered biomarkers related to metabolic diseases were included. These biomarkers included body weight/composition, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative damage, inflammation markers, and gut microbiota. DATA EXTRACTION After the literature search and the implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 studies were included in the revision out of the 132 results originally obtained after the application of the equation on the different databases. DATA ANALYSIS Data containing 15 microalgae genera were included reporting on a wide range of beneficial results at different levels, including a decrease in body weight and changes in plasma levels of glucose and lipoproteins due to molecular alterations such as those related to gene expression regulation. The most reported beneficial effects were related to gut microbiota and inflammation followed by lipid and glucose metabolism and body weight/composition. CONCLUSIONS Microalgae intake improved different altered biomarkers due to metabolic diseases and seem to have potential in the design of enriched foodstuffs or novel nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, to advance to clinical trials, more thorough/detailed studies should be performed on some of the microalgae genera included in this review to collect more information on their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tejero Pérez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús María Porres Foulquie
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María López Jurado Romero de la Cruz
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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2
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Khemiri S, Nunes MC, Raymundo A, Smaali I. In vitro
starch digestibility and estimation of glycemic index in algae‐based couscous. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyma Khemiri
- University of Carthage INSAT, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LR11ES24), BP 676, 1080, Cedex Tunisia
| | - M Cristiana Nunes
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Issam Smaali
- University of Carthage INSAT, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LR11ES24), BP 676, 1080, Cedex Tunisia
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3
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Yang Y, Ge S, Chen Q, Lin S, Zeng S, Tan BK, Hu J. Chlorella unsaturated fatty acids suppress high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57/BL6J mice. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3644-3658. [PMID: 35822300 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella has been identified as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Since the antiobesity effects of unsaturated fatty acids have been well documented; therefore, we explored the antiobesity actions of chlorella unsaturated fatty acids (C.UFAs) in the current study. The obtained results demonstrated C.UFAs, which contain abundant linoleic acid, could retard body weight gain (reducing body weigh by 13.93% after 16 weeks of treatment), improve blood glucose (19.29% lower) and lipid profile (23.45% lower in TG, 8.76% lower in TC) compared to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The possible underlying mechanisms might involve reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via down-regulation of lipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, aP2, FAS, and SREBP-1c) and up-regulation of lipolytic gene (adiponectin). We also demonstrate C.UFAs could reduce HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy via activation of AMPK signaling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. In summary, our study highlights the potential of C.UFAs as a functional food for obesity management. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chlorella has already been commercialized as a functional food antiobesity function. In the current study, the unsaturated fatty acids isolated from chlorella were found to exert beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. This may provide theoretical foundation for developing novel chlorella-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenhan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Mayer C, Côme M, Ulmann L, Martin I, Zittelli GC, Faraloni C, Ouguerram K, Chénais B, Mimouni V. The Potential of the Marine Microalga Diacronema lutheri in the Prevention of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat-Fed Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134246. [PMID: 35807489 PMCID: PMC9268017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series (n-3 LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, are known to exert preventive effects on obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, LC-PUFAs n-3 are also found in significant quantities in other sources such as certain microalgae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diacronema lutheri (Dia), a microalga rich in n-3 LC-PUFAs, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high-fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of Dia (HF-Dia). Compared to HF rats, HF-Dia rats showed a 41% decrease in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and an increase in plasma cholesterol (+35%) as well as in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+51%) without change to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although fasting glycemia did not change, glucose and insulin tolerance tests highlighted an improvement in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Dia supplementation restored body weight and fat mass, and decreased levels of liver TAG (−75%) and cholesterol (−84%). In HF-Dia rats, leptin was decreased (−30%) below the control level corresponding to a reduction of 68% compared to HF rats. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 were restored up to control levels, corresponding to a 74% and 58% increase in HF rats, respectively. In contrast, the level of IL-6 remained similar in the HF and HF-Dia groups and about twice that of the control. In conclusion, these results indicated that the D. lutheri microalga may be beneficial for the prevention of weight gain and improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Martine Côme
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabelle Martin
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRAe, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Benoît Chénais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
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5
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Huang TH, Liu PY, Lin YL, Tsai JS. Hypoglycemic peptide-enriched hydrolysates of Corbicula fluminea and Chlorella sorokiniana possess synergistic hypoglycemic activity through inhibiting α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:716-723. [PMID: 34171123 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide has increased in recent decades. Maintaining the level of blood glucose is the most basic and important issue for diabetics. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of a combination of hypoglycemic peptide-enriched hydrolysates of Corbicula fluminea (ACH) and Chlorella sorokiniana (PCH). RESULTS Combined supplementation of ACH and PCH synergistically inhibited α-glucosidase and DPP4 activities in vitro. After 4 weeks of treatment with ACH and/or PCH, the plasma glucose concentration and insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels significantly decreased. The hypoglycemic peptides in ACH and PCH were purified and assayed for α-glucosidase and DPP4 activity. The hypoglycemic peptides in ACH and PCH effectively decreased α-glucosidase and DPP4 activities. In silico assays showed that these two peptide types have different docking poses, which determined their inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase and DPP4 activity. CONCLUSION Combined treatment with hypoglycemic peptide-enriched ACH and PCH could modulate blood glucose by synergistically inhibiting α-glucosidase and DPP4 activities. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Shou Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Hosseini AM, Keshavarz SA, Nasli-Esfahani E, Amiri F, Janani L. The effects of Chlorella supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile and anthropometric measures on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3131-3141. [PMID: 33532874 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a chronic disease and the prevalence of it is rapidly increasing. Recently, the use of natural products in chronic diseases such as diabetes has gained more attention. Chlorella, a single-celled green alga, is one of them. There have been some studies on the effects of chlorella supplementation in chronic diseases such as NAFLD, prediabetes, and diabetic mice, but none of them examined the effects of chlorella in patients with T2DM. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chlorella supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, and anthropometric indices in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. 84 patients with T2DM assigned into two groups, receiving 1500 mg/day C. vulgaris or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric information, blood pressure, 24-h food intake recall, and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study to determine the changes of FBS, HbA1c, insulin concentration, insulin resistance, and lipid profile. RESULTS None of the variables investigated in this study showed a significant change after 8 weeks of intervention with C. vulgaris. CONCLUSION According to the findings of this study, supplementation with C. vulgaris with a dosage of 1500 mg/day for 8 weeks, does not improve the anthropometric measurements, glycemic status, and lipid profile as well. Thus, it cannot be considered as a complementary therapeutic approach to common medications at this dosage and duration. However, future studies with a higher dosage of C. vulgaris and more prolonged than 8 weeks are needed to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mehdi Hosseini
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sanayei M, Izadi A, Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Amirsasan R, Kaviani M, Barzegar A. Chlorella vulgaris in combination with high intensity interval training in overweight and obese women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:781-792. [PMID: 34178863 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chlorella vulgaris (CV) as a multifunctional dietary supplement is known with lots of health benefits. It is possible that CV consumption along with high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a short period exercise is more beneficial. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of CV and/or HIIT on anthropometric parameters and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight or obese women. Methods Present randomized double-blind clinical trial, included 46 women with overweight or obesity and randomly assigned them to four groups including CV, HIIT, CV+HIIT, and placebo. CV supplementation was 900 mg a day and HIIT program 3 sessions a week. Dietary intake, anthropometric assays and blood samples were taken at the commencement and completion of 8-week intervention. Results After 8 weeks, waist circumference (WC) significantly reduced in CV+HIIT group in comparison with placebo group. Significant decreases in triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were found after CV supplementation and/or HIIT exercise in comparison with placebo group. A significant rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was observed in HIIT and HIIT + CV groups in comparison with placebo group, however CV consumption failed to affect HDL cholesterol levels. CV and/or HIIT significantly lowered, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulating product (LAP) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in comparison with placebo. However, concurrent administration of CV and HII resulted in greater reduction in this indexes. Among glycemic indices a significant reduction in insulin resistance in CV+HIIT group compared with placebo group were seen. Conclusions In conclusion, CV and HIIT could improve lipid profile and glycemic status in overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzad Sanayei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Amirsasan
- Associate Professor in Exercise Physiology and Sport Nutrition, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ali Barzegar
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Michael OS, Adetunji CO, Ayeni AE, Akram M, Inamuddin, Adetunji JB, Olaniyan M, Muhibi MA. Marine Polysaccharides: Properties and Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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9
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Mayer C, Richard L, Côme M, Ulmann L, Nazih H, Chénais B, Ouguerram K, Mimouni V. The Marine Microalga, Tisochrysis lutea, Protects against Metabolic Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:430. [PMID: 33525643 PMCID: PMC7911999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series and especially docosahexaenoic acid are known to exert preventive effects on metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and decrease cardiovascular disease risk. n-3 LC-PUFAs are mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, while other sources, such as certain microalgae, may contain a high content of these fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tisochrysis lutea (Tiso), a microalga rich in DHA, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three male Wistar rat groups were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of T. lutea (HF-Tiso). The supplementation did not affect plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). Bodyweight, glycemia and insulinemia decreased in HF-Tiso rats (ANOVA, p < 0.001), while total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (ANOVA, p < 0.001) without change of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Tiso supplementation decreased fat mass and leptinemia as well as liver TAG, cholesterol and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (ANOVA, p < 0.001) while it did not affect interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4 and lipopolysaccharides levels. HF-Tiso rats showed an increase of IL-10 level in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA, p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results indicated that DHA-rich T. lutea might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity and improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
| | | | - Martine Côme
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
| | - Hassan Nazih
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, CEDEX 1, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Benoît Chénais
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRAe, University of Nantes, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
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10
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Bito T, Okumura E, Fujishima M, Watanabe F. Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2524. [PMID: 32825362 PMCID: PMC7551956 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a green unicellular alga that is commercially produced and distributed worldwide as a dietary supplement. Chlorella products contain numerous nutrients and vitamins, including D and B12, that are absent in plant-derived food sources. Chlorella contains larger amounts of folate and iron than other plant-derived foods. Chlorella supplementation to mammals, including humans, has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Meta-analysis on the effects of Chlorella supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors have suggested that it improves total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels but not triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These beneficial effects of Chlorella might be due to synergism between multiple nutrient and antioxidant compounds. However, information regarding the bioactive compounds in Chlorella is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Eri Okumura
- Sun Chlorella Corporation, Kyoto 600-8177, Japan; (E.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Masaki Fujishima
- Sun Chlorella Corporation, Kyoto 600-8177, Japan; (E.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
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11
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Sato H, Funaki A, Kimura Y, Sumitomo M, Yoshida H, Okumura A, Fukata H, Hosoyama H, Kuroda M, Okawa T, Hisaka A, Ueno K. [Anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of Cyclolepis genistoides D. Don (Palo azul), made in Paraguay]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:202-208. [PMID: 32612029 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Extract of Cyclolepis genistoides D. Don (vernacular name Palo azul; Palo) are traditionally consumed in the Republic of Paraguay in South America for the treatment of diabetes and kidney disease, and is sold in Japan as dietary supplement. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of anti-diabetes activity of Palo, especially focused on insulin resistance. Palo promoted adipocytes differentiation and regulated adipokine profiles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by modulation of PPARγ, a major regulator of adipose differentiation. Human adipocyte showed almost similar profile with 3T3-L1 against Palo treatment. Furthermore, Palo treatment (250 or 1000 mg/kg) was performed with C57BL/6J mice for 14 weeks, being fed high-fat-diet (HFD60) simultaneously. Palo 250 mg/kg exhibited a tendency to decrease subcutaneous adipose volume along with increase of PPARγ and its target, adiponectin mRNA expression. In addition, as the other insulin targeted cell, effect on muscle differentiation was examined. Palo increased differentiation of C2C12 mouse muscle myoblasts by increase of IGF-1, myogenin, and myosine heavy chain (MHC) as well as 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Palo subsequently promoted myotube formation under differentiation condition. From the above, it was clarified that Palo acts variously on the differentiation and maturation of both adipocytes and muscle cells, and from the viewpoint of the regulatory mechanism for adipocytes, PPARγ-inducing action was shown to be a mechanism that acts across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sato
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Asami Funaki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Mai Sumitomo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Toya Okawa
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Koichi Ueno
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University
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Chlorella vulgaris Improves the Regenerative Capacity of Young and Senescent Myoblasts and Promotes Muscle Regeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3520789. [PMID: 31281573 PMCID: PMC6589273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3520789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function with ageing. With increasing life expectancy, greater attention has been given to counteracting the effects of sarcopenia on the growing elderly population. Chlorella vulgaris, a microscopic, unicellular, green alga with the potential for various pharmaceutical uses, has been widely studied in this context. This study is aimed at determining the effects of C. vulgaris on promoting muscle regeneration by evaluating myoblast regenerative capacity in vitro. Human skeletal myoblast cells were cultured and underwent serial passaging into young and senescent phases and were then treated with C. vulgaris, followed by the induction of differentiation. The ability of C. vulgaris to promote myoblast differentiation was analysed through cellular morphology, real-time monitoring, cell proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression, myogenic differentiation, myogenin expression, and cell cycle profiling. The results obtained showed that senescent myoblasts exhibited an enlarged and flattened morphology, with increased SA-β-gal expression, reduced myogenic differentiation, decreased expression of myogenin, and an increased percentage of cells in the G 0/G 1 phase. Treatment with C. vulgaris resulted in decreased SA-β-gal expression and promotion of myogenic differentiation, as observed via an increased fusion index, maturation index, myotube size, and surface area and an increased percentage of cells that stained positive for myogenin. In conclusion, C. vulgaris improves the regenerative capacity of young and senescent myoblasts and promotes myoblast differentiation, indicating its potential to promote muscle regeneration.
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Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Uchida M, Iemitsu K, Inoue K, Iemitsu M. Effect of combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic rats. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:45-50. [PMID: 30928787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorella is a type of unicellular green algae that contains various nutrients. Habitual exercise and chlorella treatment can improve insulin resistance in obese or diabetic animal models. However, the additive effects of combined chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training would produce greater effects on improving glycemic control in rats with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-wk-old male rats with type 2 diabetes (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF] rats) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control, aerobic exercise training (treadmill running for 1 h, 25m/min, 5 d/wk), chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal diet), or combination of aerobic exercise training and chlorella intake for 8 wk (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and total glucose area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test and increased the insulin sensitivity index concomitant with muscle phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity, protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation levels. Furthermore, a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly further improved these effects compared with aerobic exercise training or chlorella intake alone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that chlorella intake combined with aerobic exercise training had more pronounced effects on the improvement of glycemic control via further activation of muscle PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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Wang X, Wang X, Jiang H, Cai C, Li G, Hao J, Yu G. Marine polysaccharides attenuate metabolic syndrome by fermentation products and altering gut microbiota: An overview. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:601-612. [PMID: 29805017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs), including plant, animal, and microbial-derived polysaccharides, can alleviate metabolic syndrome (MetS) by different regulation mechanisms. MPs and their derivatives can attenuate MetS by vary cellular signal pathways, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α. Also, most of MPs cannot be degraded by human innate enzymes, but they can be degraded and fermented by human gut microbiota. The final metabolic products of these polysaccharides are usually short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can change the gut microbiota ecology by altering the existing percentage of special microorganisms. In addition, the SCFAs and changed gut microbiota can regulate enteroendocrine hormone secretion, blood glucose, lipid metabolism levels, and other MetS symptoms. Here, we summarize the up-to-date findings on the effects of MPs, particularly marine microbial-derived polysaccharides, and their metabolites on attenuating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Obstetrics Department (Work Number 002312), Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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15
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Freitas HR. Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874294701710010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algaeChlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid inC. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses ofC. vulgarisare explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.
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Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Uchida M, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hashimoto T, Tabata I, Iemitsu M. High-intensity intermittent exercise training with chlorella intake accelerates exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative capacity in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R520-R528. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00383.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic chlorella intake alone or in combination with high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training on exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the four groups: sedentary control, chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal feed), HIIE training, and combination of HIIE training and chlorella intake for 6 wk ( n = 10 each group). HIIE training comprised 14 repeats of a 20-s swimming session with a 10-s pause between sessions, while bearing a weight equivalent to 16% of body weight, 4 days/week. Exercise performance was tested after the interventions by measuring the maximal number of HIIE sessions that could be completed. Chlorella intake and HIIE training significantly increased the maximal number of HIIE sessions and enhanced the expression of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1, MCT4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α concomitantly with the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase (CS), and cytochrome- c oxidase (COX) in the red region of the gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, the combination further augmented the increased exercise performance and the enhanced expressions and activities. By contrast, in the white region of the muscle, MCT1 expression and LDH, CS, and COX activities did not change. These results showed that compared with only chlorella intake and only HIIE training, chlorella intake combined with HIIE training has a more pronounced effect on exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, in particular, lactate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Izumi Tabata
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; and
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Effects of Chlorella vulgaris on tumor growth in mammary tumor-bearing Balb/c mice: discussing association of an immune-suppressed protumor microenvironment with serum IFNγ and IgG decrease and spleen IgG potentiation. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1025-1044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Araújo TG, Oliveira AG, Vecina JF, Marin RM, Franco ES, Abdalla Saad MJ, de Sousa Maia MB. Treatment with Parkinsonia aculeata combats insulin resistance-induced oxidative stress through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression in diet-induced obesity mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:93-101. [PMID: 27372351 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional ethnomedicine and has been used for the empiric treatment of hyperglycemia, without scientific background. Mechanistic analyses at molecular level from the antioxidant mechanism observed by P. aculeata are required. Herein the effects of the treatment by hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate of P. aculeata aerial parts (HEPa/EtOAc) in mice fed a high-fat diet that share many obesity phenotypes with humans were evaluated. The animals were treated orally with HEPa/EtOAc (125 and 250 mg/kg/day) and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), for 16 days. After the treatment, HEPa/EtOAc reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, an improvement in glucose intolerance was also observed. Indeed, a reduction in the circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 was also observed. Furthermore, at molecular level, it was demonstrated that the HEPa/EtOAc treatment was able to improve these physiological parameters, through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) per si, as well as the enhancement of antioxidant mechanism by an increase in PPARγ/Cu(2+), Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) axis expression in liver and adipose tissue. In sum, P. aculeata is effective to improve insulin resistance in a mouse model of obesity and this effect seems to involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gomes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Gabarra Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Falcato Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Eryvelton Souza Franco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mario J Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete de Sousa Maia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Araújo TG, de Oliveira AG, Vecina JF, Marin RM, Franco ES, Abdalla Saad MJ, de Sousa Maia MB. Parkinsonia aculeata (Caesalpineaceae) improves high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice through the enhancement of insulin signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:95-102. [PMID: 26940900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The search for natural agents that minimize obesity-associated disorders is receiving special attention. Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpineaceae) has long been used in Brazil as a hypoglycaemic herbal medicine, without any scientific basis. AIMS OF THE STUDY In this context, we aimed to use molecular and physiological methods to study the effect of a hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate from the aerial parts of Parkinsonia aculeata (HEPa/EtOAc) on insulin resistance in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). MATERIAL AND METHODS Firstly, C57BL/6J mice were fed either with standard rodent chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 consecutive weeks. Then, the animals were treated with HEPa/EtOAc at two doses (125 and 250mg/kg/day) or metformin (200mg/kg/day) for 16 days. At the end of the experiment, body weight, fat pad weight, fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin (FSI) and leptin were measured. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was also calculated. Glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance tests were performed. The expression and phosphorylation of IRβ(tyr), Akt(ser473), AMPKα and PGC1α in liver, muscle and adipose tissue were determined by Western blot analyses. RESULTS Herein we demonstrate for the first time an improvement in insulin resistance following HEPa/EtOAc administration in obese mice, as shown by increased glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance, as well as an improvement in FSG, FSI, HOMA-IR and circulating leptin levels, which together are in part due to enhancement of the insulin signaling pathway in its main target tissues. Surprisingly, the increase in activation of the AMPKα-PGC1-α axis by HEPa/EtOAc was similar to that produced by metformin treatment in the liver and muscle tissues. CONCLUSION In conclusion, P. aculeata appears to be a source of therapeutic agent against obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gomes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Gabarra de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Falcato Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eryvelton Souza Franco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mario J Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Hadrich F, Garcia M, Maalej A, Moldes M, Isoda H, Feve B, Sayadi S. Oleuropein activated AMPK and induced insulin sensitivity in C2C12 muscle cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Souza Queiroz J, Marín Blasco I, Gagliano H, Daviu N, Gómez Román A, Belda X, Carrasco J, Rocha MC, Palermo Neto J, Armario A. Chlorella vulgaris reduces the impact of stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain c-fos expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 65:1-8. [PMID: 26685709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Predominantly emotional stressors activate a wide range of brain areas, as revealed by the expression of immediate early genes, such as c-fos. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) is considered a biological response modifier, as demonstrated by its protective activities against infections, tumors and stress. We evaluated the effect of acute pretreatment with CV on the peripheral and central responses to forced swimming stress in adult male rats. Pretreatment with CV produced a significant reduction of stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation, demonstrated by decreased corticotrophin releasing factor gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lower ACTH response. Hyperglycemia induced by the stressor was similarly reduced. This attenuated neuroendocrine response to stress occurred in parallel with a diminished c-fos expression in most evaluated areas, including the PVN. The data presented in this study reinforce the usefulness of CV to diminish the impact of stressors, by reducing the HPA response. Although our results suggest a central effect of CV, further studies are necessary to understand the precise mechanisms underpinning this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Souza Queiroz
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Neuroimmunomodulation research group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Marín Blasco
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nuria Daviu
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez Román
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Belda
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Carrasco
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Michelle C Rocha
- Laboratory of Farmacogenomics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG-Campus Jatai, Jataí-GO, Brazil
| | - João Palermo Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation research group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Noguchi N, Yanagita T, Rahman SM, Ando Y. Chlorella Protein Hydrolysate Attenuates Glucose Metabolic Disorder and Fatty Liver in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:613-20. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Noguchi
- Department of Research & Development, Chlorella Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nishikyushu University
- Jofuku frontier Laboratory, Cooperative Research and Innovation Laboratory of Saga Prefecture and Saga University
| | | | - Yotaro Ando
- Department of Research & Development, Chlorella Industry Co., Ltd
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23
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Zhao C, Wu Y, Yang C, Liu B, Huang Y. Hypotensive, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of bioactive compounds from microalgae and marine micro-organisms. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou 350002 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Yijing Wu
- College of Food Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou 350002 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- College of Food Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou 350002 China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Food Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou 350002 China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO; Fuzhou 350002 China
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Diazepam potentiates the antidiabetic, antistress and anxiolytic activities of metformin in type-2 diabetes mellitus with cooccurring stress in experimental animals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:693074. [PMID: 24995322 PMCID: PMC4065719 DOI: 10.1155/2014/693074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is considered as one of the limiting factors in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the basic objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of metformin, diazepam, and their combination in cooccurring T2DM and stress condition (DMS). T2DM was induced in the male rats by administering streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, i.p.) with time lag of 15 min. Rats were subjected to two sessions of cold restraint stress paradigm for one hour on the sixth and seventh day after streptozotocin injection. Administration of metformin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) in combination from the seventh to thirteenth day after streptozotocin injection showed better improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to monotherapy of either drug. In addition, the combination significantly attenuated DMS-induced hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercorticosteronemia, anxiety-like behavior, and insulin resistance through modulating insulin signaling pathway in the liver compared to monotherapy. Further, improvement of mitochondrial function, integrity, and oxidative stress in hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens was observed with the combination. Therefore, metformin in combination with diazepam may be a better therapeutic option in the management of T2DM with cooccurring stress condition.
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