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Manabe Y, Sugawara T. Potential of siphonaxanthin, a green algal carotenoid, to prevent obesity and related diseases. J Nat Med 2025:10.1007/s11418-025-01897-4. [PMID: 40220069 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-025-01897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and its related diseases, including diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, has become a significant social problem. These diseases are believed to be preventable through healthy diet and exercise habits, and the investigation of food ingredients that are useful for prevention of these diseases is actively ongoing. Carotenoids are the major lipophilic pigments responsible for yellow-to-red colors in our diet, and the ingestion of certain carotenoids has been reported to prevent obesity. For example, β-carotene suppresses adipogenic differentiation of mouse preadipocyte line 3T3-L1 through its provitamin A activity. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid found in brown algae, also has the similar effect via a different mechanism and is used as an active ingredient in foods with functional claims in Japan. In contrast, siphonaxanthin, a carotenoid found in some green algae such as Caulerpa lentillifera (commonly known as sea grape), exhibited stronger biological activities than other carotenoids in cell-based studies; it significantly suppressed adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells even at low concentrations where β-carotene and fucoxanthin did not show inhibitory effects. However, its practical applications have not yet been realized. This review summarizes the studies on the anti-obesity effects of carotenoids and discusses the potential of siphonaxanthin as a novel functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Guo GX, Qiu YH, Liu Y, Yu LL, Zhang X, Tsim KWK, Qin QW, Hu WH. Fucoxanthin Attenuates Angiogenesis by Blocking the VEGFR2-Mediated Signaling Pathway through Binding the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21610-21623. [PMID: 39292861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a dietary carotenoid, is predominantly found in edible brown algae and is commonly consumed worldwide. Fucoxanthin has been shown to possess beneficial health activities such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiobesity; however, the effects of fucoxanthin on VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and its possible binding with VEGF are unknown. Here, different lines of evidence supported the suppressive roles of fucoxanthin in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, fucoxanthin remarkedly suppressed VEGF-mediated cell proliferative, migration, and invasive abilities, as well as tube formation, without cytotoxicity. In addition, fucoxanthin inhibited the subintestinal vessel formation of zebrafish in vivo. In signaling cascades, fucoxanthin was proposed to interact with VEGF, thus attenuating VEGF's functions in activating the VEGF receptor and its related downstream signaling, i.e., phosphorylations of MEK and Erk. Fucoxanthin also significantly blocked VEGF-triggered ROS formation. Furthermore, the outcomes of applying fucoxanthin in cancer cells were identified, which included (i) inhibiting VEGF-mediated cell proliferation and migration and (ii) inhibiting NF-κB translocation via limiting MMP2 expression. These lines of investigations supported the antiangiogenic roles of fucoxanthin, as well as reviewing its signaling mechanisms, in blocking the VEGF-triggered responses. The results would benefit the potential development of fucoxanthin for the prevention and treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xia Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Huan Qiu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Le-Le Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei-Hui Hu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yoo C, Maury J, Gonzalez DE, Ko J, Xing D, Jenkins V, Dickerson B, Leonard M, Estes L, Johnson S, Chun J, Broeckel J, Pradelles R, Sowinski R, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Effects of Supplementation with a Microalgae Extract from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Containing Fucoxanthin on Cognition and Markers of Health in Older Individuals with Perceptions of Cognitive Decline. Nutrients 2024; 16:2999. [PMID: 39275314 PMCID: PMC11397347 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is a microalgae extract that contains fucoxanthin and has been shown to enhance cognitive function in younger populations. The present study assessed if PT supplementation affects cognition in healthy, young-old, physically active adults with self-perceptions of cognitive and memory decline. METHODS Forty-three males and females (64.3 ± 6.0 years, 79.8 ± 16.0 kg, 27.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2) with perceptions of cognitive and memory decline completed the double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial. Participants were counterbalanced by sex and BMI and randomly allocated to their respective 12-week supplementation interventions, which were either the placebo (PL) or 1100 mg/day of PT containing 8.8 mg of fucoxanthin (FX). Fasting blood samples were collected, and cognitive assessments were performed during the testing session at 0, 4, and 12 weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate general linear model (GLM) analyses with repeated measures, pairwise comparisons, and mean changes from baseline analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the clinical significance of the findings. RESULTS FX supplementation significantly affected (p < 0.05) or exhibited tendencies toward significance (p > 0.05 to p < 0.10 with effect sizes ranging from medium to large) for word recall, picture recognition reaction time, Stroop color-word test, choice reaction time, and digit vigilance test variables. Additionally, FX supplementation promoted a more consistent clinical improvement from baseline values when examining mean changes with 95% CIs, although most differences were seen over time rather than between groups. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate some evidence that FX supplementation can improve working and secondary memory, vigilance, attention, accuracy, and executive function. There was also evidence that FX promoted more positive effects on insulin sensitivity and perceptions about sleep quality with no negative effects on clinical blood panels or perceived side effects. Additional research should investigate how FX may affect cognition in individuals perceiving memory and cognitive decline. Registered clinical trial #NCT05759910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongsung Yoo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jonathan Maury
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Drew E. Gonzalez
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Joungbo Ko
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Dante Xing
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Victoria Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Broderick Dickerson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Megan Leonard
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Landry Estes
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jisun Chun
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jacob Broeckel
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Rémi Pradelles
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J. Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
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Cifuentes M, Vahid F, Devaux Y, Bohn T. Biomarkers of food intake and their relevance to metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2024; 15:7271-7304. [PMID: 38904169 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a prevalent risk factor associated with non communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A major factor impacting the etiology of MetS is diet. Dietary patterns and several individual food constituents have been related to the risk of developing MetS or have been proposed as adjuvant treatment. However, traditional methods of dietary assessment such as 24 h recalls rely greatly on intensive user-interaction and are subject to bias. Hence, more objective methods are required for unbiased dietary assessment and efficient prevention. While it is accepted that some dietary-derived constituents in blood plasma are indicators for certain dietary patterns, these may be too unstable (such as vitamin C as a marker for fruits/vegetables) or too broad (e.g. polyphenols for plant-based diets) or reflect too short-term intake only to allow for strong associations with prolonged intake of individual food groups. In the present manuscript, commonly employed biomarkers of intake including those related to specific food items (e.g. genistein for soybean or astaxanthin and EPA for fish intake) and novel emerging ones (e.g. stable isotopes for meat intake or microRNA for plant foods) are emphasized and their suitability as biomarker for food intake discussed. Promising alternatives to plasma measures (e.g. ethyl glucuronide in hair for ethanol intake) are also emphasized. As many biomarkers (i.e. secondary plant metabolites) are not limited to dietary assessment but are also capable of regulating e.g. anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, special attention will be given to biomarkers presenting a double function to assess both dietary patterns and MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cifuentes
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
- Doctoral School in Science and Engineering, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l'Université, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Giuliani ME, Bigossi G, Lai G, Marcozzi S, Brunetti D, Malavolta M. Marine Compounds and Age-Related Diseases: The Path from Pre-Clinical Research to Approved Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:210. [PMID: 38786601 PMCID: PMC11123485 DOI: 10.3390/md22050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing represents a main risk factor for several pathologies. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predominant in the elderly population and often require prolonged use of multiple drugs due to their chronic nature and the high proportion of co-morbidities. Hence, research is constantly looking for novel, effective molecules to treat CVD and T2DM with minimal side effects. Marine active compounds, holding a great diversity of chemical structures and biological properties, represent interesting therapeutic candidates to treat these age-related diseases. This review summarizes the current state of research on marine compounds for the treatment of CVD and T2DM, from pre-clinical studies to clinical investigations and approved drugs, highlighting the potential of marine compounds in the development of new therapies, together with the limitations in translating pre-clinical results into human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Lai
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Serena Marcozzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
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Li C, Pan Y, Yin W, Liu J, Hu H. A key gene, violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 1, enhances fucoxanthin accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 38566219 PMCID: PMC10986045 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucoxanthin has been widely investigated owing to its beneficial biological properties, and the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, possessing fucoxanthin (Fux) chlorophyll proteins as light-harvesting systems, is considered to have the potential to become a commercial cell factory for the pigment production. RESULTS Here, we compared the pigment contents in 10 different P. tricornutum strains from the globe, and found that strain CCMP631 (Pt6) exhibited the highest Fux content but with a low biomass. Comparison of mRNA levels revealed that higher Fux content in Pt6 was related with the higher expression of gene violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like (VDL) protein 1 (VDL1), which encodes the enzyme catalyzing the tautomerization of violaxanthin to neoxanthin in Fux biosynthesis pathway. Single nucleotide variants of VDL1 gene and allele-specific expression in strains Pt1 (the whole genome sequenced strain CCMP632) and Pt6 were analyzed, and overexpressing of each of the 4 VDL1 alleles, two from Pt1 and two from Pt6, in strain Pt1 leads to an increase in downstream product diadinoxanthin and channels the pigments towards Fux biosynthesis. All the 8 VDL1 overexpression (OE) lines showed significant increases by 8.2 to 41.7% in Fux content without compromising growth, and VDL1 Allele 2 OE lines even exhibited the higher cell density on day 8, with an increase by 24.2-28.7% in two Pt1VDL1-allele 2 OE lines and 7.1-11.1% in two Pt6VDL1-allele 2 OE lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal VDL1, localized in the plastid stroma, plays a key role in Fux over-accumulation in P. tricornutum. Overexpressing VDL1, especially allele 2, improved both the Fux content and growth rate, which provides a new strategy for the manipulation of Fux production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenxiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Sun H, Wang J, Li Y, Yang S, Chen DD, Tu Y, Liu J, Sun Z. Synthetic biology in microalgae towards fucoxanthin production for pharmacy and nutraceuticals. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115958. [PMID: 38052271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful tool for engineering biological systems to produce valuable compounds, including pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Microalgae, in particular, offer a promising platform for the production of bioactive compounds due to their high productivity, low land and water requirements, and ability to perform photosynthesis. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid pigment found predominantly in brown seaweeds and certain microalgae, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its numerous health benefits, such as antioxidation, antitumor effect and precaution osteoporosis. This review provides an overview of the principles and applications of synthetic biology in the microbial engineering of microalgae for enhanced fucoxanthin production. Firstly, the fucoxanthin bioavailability and metabolism in vivo was introduced for the beneficial roles, followed by the biological functions of anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antiapoptotic role antidiabetic and antilipemic effects. Secondly, the cultivation condition and strategy were summarized for fucoxanthin improvement with low production costs. Thirdly, the genetic engineering of microalgae, including gene overexpression, knockdown and knockout strategies were discussed for further improving the fucoxanthin production. Then, synthetic biology tools of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, transcription activator-like effector nucleases as well as modular assembly and chassis engineering were proposed to precise modification of microalgal genomes to improve fucoxanthin production. Finally, challenges and future perspectives were discussed to realize the industrial production and development of functional foods of fucoxanthin from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuelian Li
- China National Chemical Information Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Yidong Tu
- Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Algae Innovation Center for Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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Winarto J, Song DG, Pan CH. The Role of Fucoxanthin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098203. [PMID: 37175909 PMCID: PMC10179653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) has emerged as a leading cause of human deaths. It caused 1.32 million deaths in 2017, which affected men more than women by a two-to-one ratio. There are various causes of CLD, including obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and viral infection. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of obesity-induced liver diseases, is the major cause, representing the cause of more than 50% of cases. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid mainly found in brown seaweed, exhibits various biological activities against NAFLD. Its role in NAFLD appears in several mechanisms, such as inducing thermogenesis in mitochondrial homeostasis, altering lipid metabolism, and promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The corresponding altered signaling pathways are the β3-adorenarine receptor (β3Ad), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), SMAD2/3, and P13K/Akt pathways. Fucoxanthin also exhibits anti-fibrogenic activity that prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Microalgae Ask US Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea
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10
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Magwaza SN, Islam MS. Roles of Marine Macroalgae or Seaweeds and Their Bioactive Compounds in Combating Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:258. [PMID: 37103396 PMCID: PMC10142144 DOI: 10.3390/md21040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are matters of serious concern in the health sector due to their rapid increase in prevalence over the last three decades. Obesity is a severe metabolic problem that results in energy imbalance that is persistent over a long period of time, and it is characterized by insulin resistance, suggesting a strong association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The available therapies for these diseases have side effects and some still need to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are expensive for underdeveloped countries. Hence, the need for natural anti-obesity and anti-diabetic drugs has increased in recent years due to their lower costs and having virtually no or negligible side effects. This review thoroughly examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of various marine macroalgae or seaweeds and their bioactive compounds in different experimental settings. According to the findings of this review, seaweeds and their bioactive compounds have been shown to have strong potential to alleviate obesity and diabetes in both in vitro and in vivo or animal-model studies. However, the number of clinical trials in this regard is limited. Hence, further studies investigating the effects of marine algal extracts and their bioactive compounds in clinical settings are required for developing anti-obesity and anti-diabetic medicines with better efficacy but lower or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
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11
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Kurniawan R, Nurkolis F, Taslim NA, Subali D, Surya R, Gunawan WB, Alisaputra D, Mayulu N, Salindeho N, Kim B. Carotenoids Composition of Green Algae Caulerpa racemosa and Their Antidiabetic, Anti-Obesity, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073267. [PMID: 37050034 PMCID: PMC10096636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Green alga Caulerpa racemosa is an underexploited species of macroalgae, even though it is characterized by a green color that indicates an abundance of bioactive pigments, such as chlorophyll and possibly xanthophyll. Unlike chlorophyll, which has been well explored, the composition of the carotenoids of C. racemosa and its biological activities have not been reported. Therefore, this study aims to look at the carotenoid profile and composition of C. racemose and determine their biological activities, which include antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity in vitro. The detected carotenoids were all xanthophylls, which included fucoxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin based on orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS) and a rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) diode array detector. Of the seven carotenoids observed, it should be highlighted that β-carotene and canthaxanthin were the two most dominant carotenoids present in C. racemosa. Interestingly, the carotenoid extract of C. racemosa has good biological activity in inhibiting α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPPH and ABTS, and the TNF-α and mTOR, as well as upregulating the AMPK, which makes it a drug candidate or functional antidiabetic food, a very promising anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory. More interestingly, the cytotoxicity value of the carotenoid extract of C. racemosa shows a level of safety in normal cells, which makes it a potential for the further development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Kurniawan
- Alumnus of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Dionysius Subali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Reggie Surya
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Alumnus of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Darmawan Alisaputra
- Department of Chemistry, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Manado, Manado 95249, Indonesia
| | - Netty Salindeho
- Fishery Products Technology Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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12
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Shirouchi B, Kawahara Y, Kutsuna Y, Higuchi M, Okumura M, Mitsuta S, Nagao N, Tanaka K. Oral Administration of Chaetoceros gracilis—A Marine Microalga—Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Rats Fed a High-Sucrose and Cholesterol-Containing Diet. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030436. [PMID: 36984876 PMCID: PMC10051878 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are attracting attention as a next-generation alternative source of protein and essential fatty acids that do not consume large amounts of water or land. Chaetoceros gracilis (C. gracilis)—a marine microalga—is rich in proteins, fucoxanthin, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Growing evidence indicates that dietary fucoxanthin and EPA have beneficial effects in humans. However, none of these studies have shown that dietary C. gracilis has beneficial effects in mammals. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary C. gracilis on lipid abnormalities in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-sucrose cholesterol-containing diet. Dried C. gracilis was added to the control diet at a final dose of 2 or 5% (w/w). After four weeks, the soleus muscle weights were found to be dose-responsive to C. gracilis and showed a tendency to increase. The hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by C. gracilis feeding compared to those in the control group. The activities of FAS and G6PDH, which are related to fatty acid de novo synthesis, were found to be dose-responsive to C. gracilis and tended to decrease. The hepatic glycerol content was also significantly decreased by C. gracilis feeding, and the serum HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased, whereas the serum levels of cholesterol absorption markers (i.e., campesterol and β-sitosterol) and the hepatic mRNA levels of Scarb1 were significantly decreased. Water-soluble metabolite analysis showed that the muscular contents of several amino acids, including leucine, were significantly increased by C. gracilis feeding. The tendency toward an increase in the weight of the soleus muscle as a result of C. gracilis feeding may be due to the enhancement of muscle protein synthesis centered on leucine. Collectively, these results show that the oral administration of C. gracilis alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in rats fed a high-sucrose and cholesterol-containing diet, indicating the potential use of C. gracilis as a food resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bungo Shirouchi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-813-5734
| | - Yuri Kawahara
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Yuka Kutsuna
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Mina Higuchi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Mai Okumura
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Sarasa Mitsuta
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Norio Nagao
- Blue Scientific Shinkamigoto Co., Ltd., 770 Kogushi, Shin-Kamigoto, Minami-Matsuura, Nagasaki 857-4601, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanaka
- Regional Partnership Center, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
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13
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Yin S, Siahaan EA, Niu L, Shibata M, Liu Y, Hagiwara T. Real time monitoring and evaluation of the inhibition effect of fucoxanthin against α-amylase activity by using QCM-A. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1110615. [PMID: 36712503 PMCID: PMC9877462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main symptoms of diabetes are hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The inhibition of the starch digestion enzymes could effectively regulate starch digestion and glucose absorption, thereby slowing or treating the symptoms of postprandial hyperglycemia. Herein, we used fucoxanthin isolated from Undaria pinnatifida stems, as α-amylase inhibitor, and monitored the interactions of both biomolecules by using quartz crystal microbalance-admittance (QCM-A) instrument. All the processes of α-amylase hydrolysis of starch were also dynamically tracked by using amylose-immobilized QCM technology. In our work, we found that the kinetic parameter (k off, k on, and k cat) values obtained by the QCM-A analysis were relatively consistent compared to the kinetic parameter values obtained by the conventional Michaelis-Menten analysis. For the inhibitory reactions, the results showed that fucoxanthin significantly reduced the activity of α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner. The QCM-A technology shown to be an excellent approach in obtaining comprehensive and accurate kinetic parameters, thereby providing real and accurate data for kinetic studies. It is helpful to clarify the mechanism of action of fucoxanthin on α-amylase, which further proved the potential of fucoxanthin to improve and treat postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Evi Amelia Siahaan
- Research Centre for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mario Shibata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tomoaki Hagiwara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) Intake Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Intolerance via Promoting GLUT4 Expression and Membrane Translocation in Muscle. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:9774157. [PMID: 36660406 PMCID: PMC9845039 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9774157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a lifestyle-related disease, is developed due to eating habits and decreased physical activity. Diabetes also increases the risk of cancer and major neurodegenerative diseases; controlling the onset of diabetes helps prevent various illnesses. Eating seaweed, such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame), is a part of the Asian food culture. Therefore, we analyzed the antidiabetic effect of wakame intake using the high-fat diet-induced diabetes mouse model. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of wakame extract on the cell membrane translocation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and activation of insulin signal molecules, such as AKT and AMPK, in insulin-sensitive tissues. Differentiated C2C12 cells were incubated with wakame components. The membrane translocation of GLUT4 and phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK were investigated with immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, respectively. Also, male C57BL/6J mice were fed the normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), ND with 1% wakame powder (ND + W), or HFD with 1% wakame powder (HFD + W). We evaluated the effect of wakame intake on high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance using an oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, we analyzed insulin signaling molecules, such as GLUT4, AKT, and AMPK, in muscle using Western blotting. GLUT4 membrane translocation was promoted by wakame components. Also, GLUT4 levels and AKT and AMPK phosphorylation were significantly elevated by wakame components in C2C12 cells. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of the HFD + W group was significantly smaller than that of the HFD group. Furthermore, the level of GLUT4 in the muscle was increased in the wakame intake group. This study revealed that various wakame components exerted antidiabetic effects on the mice on a high-fat diet by promoting glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle, enhancing GLUT4 levels, and activating AKT and AMPK.
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15
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Kaushik A, Sangtani R, Parmar HS, Bala K. Algal metabolites: Paving the way towards new generation antidiabetic therapeutics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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In Vivo Assessment of the Effects of Mono-Carrier Encapsulated Fucoxanthin Nanoparticles on Type 2 Diabetic C57 Mice and Their Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101976. [PMID: 36290699 PMCID: PMC9598562 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a carotenoid from a marine origin that has an important role in our health, especially in the regulation and alleviation of type 2 diabetes. Its specific molecular structure makes it very unstable, which greatly affects its delivery in the body. In this study, FX was encapsulated in a mono-carrier using a hydrolyzed zein to form a nanocomplex with a stable structure and chemical properties (FZNP). Its stability was demonstrated by characterization and the efficacy of FX before and after encapsulation in alleviating diabetes in mice, which was evaluated by in vivo experiments. FZNP reduced the level of fasting blood glucose and restored it to normal levels in T2DM mice, which was not caused by a decrease in food intake, and effectively reduced oxidative stress in the organism. Both FX and FZNP repaired the hepatocyte and pancreatic β-cell damage, increased serum SOD and reduced INS values significantly, upregulated PI3K-AKT genes as well as CaMK and GNAs expression in the pancreas. FZNP increased ADPN and GSH-PX values more significantly and it decreased serum HOMA-IR and MDA values, upregulated GLUT2 expression, promoted glucose transport in pancreatic and hepatocytes, regulated glucose metabolism and glycogen synthesis with much superior effects than FX.
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17
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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18
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Din NAS, Mohd Alayudin ‘AS, Sofian-Seng NS, Rahman HA, Mohd Razali NS, Lim SJ, Wan Mustapha WA. Brown Algae as Functional Food Source of Fucoxanthin: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2235. [PMID: 35954003 PMCID: PMC9368577 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is an algae-specific xanthophyll of aquatic carotenoid. It is prevalent in brown seaweed because it functions as a light-harvesting complex for algal photosynthesis and photoprotection. Its exceptional chemical structure exhibits numerous biological activities that benefit human health. Due to these valuable properties, fucoxanthin's potential as a potent source for functional food, feed, and medicine is being explored extensively today. This article has thoroughly reviewed the availability and biosynthesis of fucoxanthin in the brown seaweed, as well as the mechanism behind it. We included the literature findings concerning the beneficial bioactivities of fucoxanthin such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticancer, and other potential activities. Last, an additional view on its potential as a functional food ingredient has been discussed to facilitate a broader application of fucoxanthin as a promising bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Akmal Solehah Din
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
| | - ‘Ain Sajda Mohd Alayudin
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Noor-Soffalina Sofian-Seng
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hafeedza Abdul Rahman
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorul Syuhada Mohd Razali
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Joe Lim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Aida Wan Mustapha
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Co-activating the AMPK signaling axis by low molecular weight fucoidan LF2 and fucoxanthin improves the HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Mohri S, Takahashi H, Sakai M, Waki N, Takahashi S, Aizawa K, Suganuma H, Ara T, Sugawara T, Shibata D, Matsumura Y, Goto T, Kawada T. Integration of bioassay and non-target metabolite analysis of tomato reveals that β-carotene and lycopene activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267248. [PMID: 35776737 PMCID: PMC9249195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato (Solanum lycopersicu). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mohri
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- KAGOME Tomato Discoveries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (HT); (DS); (TG)
| | - Maiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Waki
- KAGOME Tomato Discoveries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Aizawa
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Ara
- KAGOME Tomato Discoveries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- KAGOME Tomato Discoveries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kazusa DNA Research Institutes, Kazusa-Kamatari, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail: (HT); (DS); (TG)
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Laboratory of Quality Analysis and Assessment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (HT); (DS); (TG)
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Pan Y, Li H, Shahidi F, Luo T, Deng Z. Interactions among dietary phytochemicals and nutrients: Role of cell membranes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Consumption of Low Dose Fucoxanthin Does Not Prevent Hepatic and Adipose Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mouse Models of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112280. [PMID: 35684079 PMCID: PMC9183127 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FCX) is a xanthophyll carotenoid present in brown seaweed. The goal of this study was to examine whether FCX supplementation could attenuate obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities, fibrosis, and inflammation in two diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse models. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet. The former induces more severe liver injury than the latter model. In the first study, male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFC diet, or an HFC diet containing 0.015% or 0.03% (w/w) FCX powder for 12 weeks to develop obesity-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the second study, mice were fed an HFS diet or an HFS diet containing 0.01% FCX powder for 8 weeks. FCX did not change body weight gain and serum lipid profiles compared to the HFC or HFS controls. No significant differences were present in liver triglyceride and total cholesterol, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum alanine aminotransferase levels between control and FCX-fed mice regardless of whether they were on an HFC or HFS diet. FCX did not mitigate mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver and white adipose tissue, while hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation genes were significantly elevated by FCX in both HFC and HFS feeding studies. Additionally, in the soleus muscle, FCX supplementation significantly elevated genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation, concomitantly increasing mitochondrial DNA copy number, compared with HFC. In summary, FCX supplementation had minor effects on hepatic and white adipose inflammation and fibrosis in two different DIO mouse models.
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23
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Agarwal S, Singh V, Chauhan K. Antidiabetic potential of seaweed and their bioactive compounds: a review of developments in last decade. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5739-5770. [PMID: 35048763 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality rate associated with it. Diabetes can be managed by synthetic hypoglycemic drugs, although their persistent uses have several side effects. Hence, there is a paradigm shift toward the use of natural products having antidiabetic potential. Seaweeds, large marine benthic algae, are an affluent source of various bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals and antioxidants thus exhibiting various health promoting properties. Seaweed extracts and its bioactive compounds have antidiabetic potential as they inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in vitro and exhibit blood glucose lowering effect in random and post prandial blood glucose tests in vivo. In addition, they have been associated with reduced weight gain in animals probably by decreasing mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines with concomitant increase in mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Their beneficial effect has been seen in serum and hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes indicating the protective role of seaweeds against free radicals mediated oxidative stress induced hyperglycemia and associated hyperlipidemia. However, the detailed and in-depth studies of seaweeds as whole, their bioactive isolates and their extracts need to be explored further for their health benefits and wide application in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Agarwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipet, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Food Business Management and Entrepreneurship Development, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Komal Chauhan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipet, India
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24
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Sovrani V, Bobermin LD, Schmitz I, Leipnitz G, Quincozes-Santos A. Potential Glioprotective Strategies Against Diabetes-Induced Brain Toxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1651-1664. [PMID: 34258694 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis by actively participating in the metabolism of glucose, which is the main energy substrate for the central nervous system (CNS), in addition to other supportive functions. More specifically, astrocytes support neurons through the metabolic coupling of synaptic activity and glucose utilization. As such, diabetes mellitus (DM) and consequent glucose metabolism disorders induce astrocyte damage, affecting CNS functionality. Glioprotective molecules can promote protection by improving glial functions and avoiding toxicity in different pathological conditions, including DM. Therefore, this review discusses specific pathomechanisms associated with DM/glucose metabolism disorder-induced gliotoxicity, namely astrocyte metabolism, redox homeostasis/mitochondrial activity, inflammation, and glial signaling pathways. Studies investigating natural products as potential glioprotective strategies against these deleterious effects of DM/glucose metabolism disorders are also reviewed herein. These products include carotenoids, catechins, isoflavones, lipoic acid, polysaccharides, resveratrol, and sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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25
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Fucoxanthin and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102379. [PMID: 34069132 PMCID: PMC8156579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is suggested to be preventable by certain food intakes. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is an anticancer agent contained abundantly in edible brown algae. However, epidemiological studies, in vivo and in vitro experiments for CRC, using Fx and Fx-rich foods, have not been fully outlined. To date, it has been reported that Fx, its metabolite of fucoxanthinol (FxOH) and Fx-rich algal extracts exerted anticancer potentials in human CRC cell lines, their cancer stem-cells-like spheroids and CRC animal models through a number of molecular mechanisms. Moreover, many in vivo experiments and interventional human trials have demonstrated that Fx, Fx-rich algal extracts and brown alga itself may improve CRC and/or certain risks, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, oxidation, tumor microenvironment and/or gut microbiota. This review is the first report that summarizes the improving effects by Fx, FxOH and its rich brown algae for CRC and the risk factors. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks among the top 10 most prevalent cancers, can obtain a good outcome with appropriate surgery and/or chemotherapy. However, the global numbers of both new cancer cases and death from CRC are expected to increase up to 2030. Diet-induced lifestyle modification is suggested to be effective in reducing the risk of human CRC; therefore, interventional studies using diets or diet-derived compounds have been conducted to explore the prevention of CRC. Fucoxanthin (Fx), a dietary carotenoid, is predominantly contained in edible brown algae, such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Himanthalia elongata (Sea spaghetti), which are consumed particularly frequently in Asian countries but also in some Western countries. Fx is responsible for a majority of the anticancer effects exerted by the lipophilic bioactive compounds in those algae. Interventional human trials have shown that Fx and brown algae mitigate certain risk factors for CRC; however, the direct mechanisms underlying the anti-CRC properties of Fx remain elusive. Fx and its deacetylated type “fucoxanthinol” (FxOH) have been reported to exert potential anticancer effects in preclinical cancer models through the suppression of many cancer-related signal pathways and the tumor microenvironment or alteration of the gut microbiota. We herein review the most recent studies on Fx as a potential candidate drug for CRC prevention.
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26
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Health-Promoting Functions of the Marine Carotenoid Fucoxanthin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33783750 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine carotenoid found in brown seaweeds and several marine microalgae. Recent studies have reported that dietary Fx exhibits many health-promoting functions such as anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in animal experiments. A human clinical trial of Fx showed high potential on reduction of body weight and fat content. The anti-obesity effect of Fx is due to several mechanisms, which include the suppression of adipocyte differentiation, anti-inflammation, and uncouple protein 1 induction in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, Fx reduced blood glucose level and improved insulin resistance through the regulation of adipokine mRNA expressions. In this chapter, we reviewed health beneficial effects and safety of Fx and discussed their molecular mechanisms.
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27
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Hudlikar RR, Sargsyan D, Li W, Wu R, Zheng M, Kong AN. Epigenomic, Transcriptomic, and Protective Effect of Carotenoid Fucoxanthin in High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mes13 Kidney Mesangial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:713-722. [PMID: 33448797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of kidney related diseases in patients induced by high glucose (HG) affecting around 40% of type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. It is characterized by excessive inflammation inducing factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and potential epigenomic related changes. Fucoxanthin (FX), a carotenoid found in brown seaweed, has a structure which includes an allenic bond and a 5,6-monoepoxide in the molecule, with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, understanding of the impact of FX on DN was lacking. In this study we tested the early effects of high glucose (HG) on mouse mesangial kidney Mes13 cells, a potential in vitro cell culture model of DN. Our results show that HG induced oxidative stress on kidney mesangial Mes13 cells, while FX treatment attenuates the oxidative stress by decreasing the ROS, demonstrated by flow cytometry. Next, we utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) to profile the HG-induced early epigenomic and transcriptomic changes in this in vitro DN model and the protective effects of FX. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were analyzed using R software in HG and FX treated groups. Differential regulation of signaling pathways was studied using Reactome Pathway Analysis in the comparison. DEG analysis shows that novel biomarkers with specific pathways, including interleukin regulation, Toll-like receptor pathway, and PKA phosphorylation pathways, were found to be modulated by the FX treatment. TGF β 1i1 (TGFB 1i1), MAP-3-kinase-13(MAP3K13) involved in crucial cellular processes including glucose metabolism, phosphodiesterase regulation was methylated in HG, which was demethylated with FX treatment. Integrated transcriptomic and CpG methylome analysis of DEGs and DMRs revealed that genes like adenylate cyclase (Adcy7), calponin 1 (CNN1), potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 2 (KCNIP2), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 β (PIP5K1B), and transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1 (TMEFF1), which were modulated by FX in HG-exposed Mes13 cells, potentially modulate ion channel transport and glucose metabolism. In summary, our current study shows that novel early epigenomic and transcriptomic biomarkers were altered during the disease progression of HG-induced DN and that FX modified these alterations potentially contributing to the protective effects of mesangial cells from the HG-induced oxidative stress and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika R Hudlikar
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Wenji Li
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Meinizi Zheng
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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28
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Miyashita K, Beppu F, Hosokawa M, Liu X, Wang S. Bioactive significance of fucoxanthin and its effective extraction. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Sun X, Zhao H, Liu Z, Sun X, Zhang D, Wang S, Xu Y, Zhang G, Wang D. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Fucoxanthin During Alleviation of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5118-5128. [PMID: 32309947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx), an allenic carotenoid from brown seaweeds or diatoms, has been demonstrated to prevent obesity. Gut dysbiosis and inflammation are two counted important incidence reasons of obesity and related diseases. In this paper, a mouse model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) was used to reveal the role of Fx in modulating intestinal homeostasis and treating obesity. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing results inferred that Fx alleviated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by significantly inhibiting the growth of obesity-/inflammation-related Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae while promoting the growth of Lactobacillus/Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium, and some butyrate-producing bacteria. The correlation analysis showed that some gut microbiota taxa were strongly correlated with obesity phenotypes and the inflammation level. In conclusion, dietary Fx has the potential to alleviate the development of obesity and related symptoms through mediating the composition of gut microbiota as demonstrated in mice. This study provides scientific evidence for the potential effects of Fx on obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Research Vessel Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, Qingdao 266400, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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30
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Miyashita K, Beppu F, Hosokawa M, Liu X, Wang S. Nutraceutical characteristics of the brown seaweed carotenoid fucoxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 686:108364. [PMID: 32315653 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx), a major carotenoid found in brown seaweed, is known to show a unique and wide variety of biological activities. Upon absorption, Fx is metabolized to fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin, and these metabolites mainly accumulate in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT). As seen in other carotenoids, Fx can quench singlet oxygen and scavenge a wide range of free radicals. The antioxidant activity is related to the neuroprotective, photoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of Fx. Fx is also reported to show anti-cancer activity through the regulation of several biomolecules and signaling pathways that are involved in either cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or metastasis suppression. Among the biological activities of Fx, anti-obesity is the most well-studied and most promising effect. This effect is primarily based on the upregulation of thermogenesis by uncoupling protein 1 expression and the increase in the metabolic rate induced by mitochondrial activation. In addition, Fx shows anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and promoting glucose utilization in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng City, 264300, China
| | - Shuzhou Wang
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng City, 264300, China
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31
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Mukherjee B, De Feo V. Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2217. [PMID: 32210082 PMCID: PMC7139625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome. Over the past few decades, the incidence of diabetes has climbed exponentially. Several therapeutic approaches have been undertaken, but the occurrence and risk still remain unabated. Several plant-derived small molecules have been proposed to be effective against diabetes and associated vascular complications via acting on several therapeutic targets. In addition, the biocompatibility of these phytochemicals increasingly enhances the interest of exploiting them as therapeutic negotiators. However, poor pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical attributes of these phytochemicals largely restrict their clinical usefulness as therapeutic agents. Several pharmaceutical attempts have been undertaken to enhance their compliance and therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology has been proven to be the best approach to improve the compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with the plant-derived antidiabetic agents. This review gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the nanoformulations of phytochemicals in the management of diabetes and associated complications. The effects of nanosizing on pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic profiles of plant-derived small molecules, such as curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, berberine, gymnemic acid, emodin, scutellarin, catechins, thymoquinone, ferulic acid, stevioside, and others have been discussed comprehensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Bae M, Kim MB, Park YK, Lee JY. Health benefits of fucoxanthin in the prevention of chronic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158618. [PMID: 31931174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundant in macroalgae, such as brown seaweeds. When fucoxanthin is consumed, it can be esterified or hydrolyzed to fucoxanthinol in the gastrointestinal tract and further converted into amarouciaxanthin A in the liver. It has a unique chemical structure that confers its biological effects. Fucoxanthin has a strong antioxidant capacity by scavenging singlet molecular oxygen and free radicals. Also, it exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. Studies have demonstrated potential health benefits of fucoxanthin for the prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease. Animal studies have shown that fucoxanthin supplementation has no adverse effects. However, investigation of the safety of fucoxanthin consumption in humans is lacking. Clinical trials are required to assess the safety of fucoxanthin in conjunction with the study of mechanisms by which fucoxanthin exhibits its health benefits. This review focuses on current knowledge of metabolism and functions of fucoxanthin with its potential health benefits. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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33
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Du Y, Kou P, Marraiki N, Elgorban A. Fucoxanthin modulates the development of 7, 12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene-induced skin carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice in vivo. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_292_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rengasamy KR, Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, Zengin G, Xiao J, Kim DH. Bioactive compounds in seaweeds: An overview of their biological properties and safety. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:111013. [PMID: 31794803 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are among the significant currently exploited marine plant resources which are gaining full applications in culinary, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological processes. Much attention has been devoted to seaweeds based on their proven health benefits and is considered as a rich source of structurally different bioactive metabolites for the discovery of novel functional food-based pharmacophores/drugs. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of updated compilation and analysis of the in-depth pharmacological activities of these compounds. This review, therefore, aims to provide a piece of up-to-date detailed information on the major compounds isolated from various seaweed species together with their in-vitro and in-vivo biological properties. These compounds were found to possess broad pharmacological properties and inhibitory enzyme activities against critical enzymes involved in the aetiology of noncommunicable diseases. However, their toxicity, clinical efficacy, mechanisms of action, and interaction with conventional foods, are still less explored and require more attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Rr Rengasamy
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | | | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
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35
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Le Goff M, Le Ferrec E, Mayer C, Mimouni V, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Schoefs B, Ulmann L. Microalgal carotenoids and phytosterols regulate biochemical mechanisms involved in human health and disease prevention. Biochimie 2019; 167:106-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nordic Seaweed and Diabetes Prevention: Exploratory Studies in KK-Ay Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061435. [PMID: 31242682 PMCID: PMC6627585 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a challenging health problem. Lifestyle changes, including nutrition therapy, areimportant for the prevention and management of T2D. Seaweeds contain several bioactive substances with potential health properties and may be a low-cost alternative functional food in the prevention of T2D. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the preventive effects of dried Nordic seaweed species on diabetes in an animal model of T2D. Method: Fiftymale KK-Ay mice were randomly assigned to one of four diets: control diet (chow) or diets supplemented with Alaria esculenta (AE), Saccharina latissima (SL), or Palmaria palmata (PP). The effect of the interventions on the progression of T2D was monitored over 10 weeks and evaluated by circulating glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, glucagon, and lipid levels. Results: The SL group had significantly lower bodyweight, lower HbA1c and insulin levels, as well as higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels after the 10-week intervention than the control group. At the end of the study, the control group had significantly higher HbA1c (p < 0.001) than all of the seaweed groups. Conclusion: All seaweed groups improved HbA1C compared to control and Saccharinalatissima seaweed had concomitantly beneficial effects on glycemic control and lipid levels in KK-Ay diabetic mice.
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Xiao D, Hu Y, Fu Y, Wang R, Zhang H, Li M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xuan L, Li X, Xu C, Zhang Y, Yang B. Emodin improves glucose metabolism by targeting microRNA-20b in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152758. [PMID: 31004884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has indicated the therapeutic potential of emodin with its multiple pharmacological effects. PURPOSE To evaluate role of emodin in regulating insulin resistance (IR) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels were measured before and after intragastric administration of emodin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Glucose consumption was determined in L6 cells to investigate the effect of emodin on glucose metabolism. Expression of miR-20b and SMAD7 was quantified by real-time PCR for mRNAs or western blot analysis for proteins. RESULTS Emodin ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in T2DM rats, and glucose metabolism in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. MiR-20b was markedly upregulated in the setting of IR and overexpression of miR-20b disrupted glucose metabolism by repressing SMAD7 in L6 cells. Knockdown of this miRNA produced the opposite effects. Emodin abolished the abnormal upregulation of miR-20b and indirectly upregulated SMAD7. CONCLUSION Emodin improves glucose metabolism to produce anti-IR effects, and downregulation of miR-20b thereby upregulation of SMAD7 is an underlying mechanism for the beneficial effects of emodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Mudanjiang Medical University, 157000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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Galasso C, Gentile A, Orefice I, Ianora A, Bruno A, Noonan DM, Sansone C, Albini A, Brunet C. Microalgal Derivatives as Potential Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health: A Focus on Cancer Prevention and Interception. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1226. [PMID: 31146462 PMCID: PMC6627306 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies are providing strong evidence on beneficial health effects from dietary measures, leading scientists to actively investigate which foods and which specific agents in the diet can prevent diseases. Public health officers and medical experts should collaborate toward the design of disease prevention diets for nutritional intervention. Functional foods are emerging as an instrument for dietary intervention in disease prevention. Functional food products are technologically developed ingredients with specific health benefits. Among promising sources of functional foods and chemopreventive diets of interest, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention, based on their richness in high-value products, including carotenoids, proteins, vitamins, essential amino acids, omega-rich oils and, in general, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Beneficial effects of microalgae on human health and/or wellness could in the future be useful in preventing or delaying the onset of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. During the past decades, microalgal biomass was predominately used in the health food market, with more than 75% of the annual microalgal biomass production being employed for the manufacture of powders, tablets, capsules or pastilles. In this review, we report and discuss the present and future role of microalgae as marine sources of functional foods/beverages for human wellbeing, focusing on perspectives in chemoprevention. We dissected this topic by analyzing the different classes of microalgal compounds with health outputs (based on their potential chemoprevention activities), the biodiversity of microalgal species and how to improve their cultivation, exploring the perspective of sustainable food from the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Galasso
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gentile
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 211000 Varese, Italy.
| | | | - Adriana Albini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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Gille A, Stojnic B, Derwenskus F, Trautmann A, Schmid-Staiger U, Posten C, Briviba K, Palou A, Bonet ML, Ribot J. A Lipophilic Fucoxanthin-Rich Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract Ameliorates Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040796. [PMID: 30959933 PMCID: PMC6521120 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) comprise several lipophilic constituents with proposed anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. We investigated the effect of an ethanolic P. tricornutum extract (PTE) on energy metabolism in obesity-prone mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Six- to eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were switched to HFD and, at the same time, received orally placebo or PTE (100 mg or 300 mg/kg body weight/day). Body weight, body composition, and food intake were monitored. After 26 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, morphological, and gene expression analyses. PTE-supplemented mice accumulated fucoxanthin metabolites in adipose tissues and attained lower body weight gain, body fat content, weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, and inguinal WAT adipocyte size than controls, independent of decreased food intake. PTE supplementation was associated with lower expression of Mest (a marker of fat tissue expandability) in WAT depots, lower gene expression related to lipid uptake and turnover in visceral WAT, increased expression of genes key to fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis (Cpt1, Ucp1) in subcutaneous WAT, and signs of thermogenic activation including enhanced UCP1 protein in interscapular brown adipose tissue. In conclusion, these data show the potential of PTE to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gille
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bojan Stojnic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Felix Derwenskus
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Trautmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Schmid-Staiger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Clemens Posten
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Wang Z, Li H, Dong M, Zhu P, Cai Y. The anticancer effects and mechanisms of fucoxanthin combined with other drugs. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:293-301. [PMID: 30627824 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a characteristic carotenoid present in brown seaweed that has been shown to have various benefits, including anticancer effects. In vitro studies demonstrated these various effects, including the suppression of cell viability, the promotion of apoptosis, and antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic activity. Interestingly, combinations of Fx with other drugs have better effects than either Fx or other drugs alone. Although the antiproliferative and cancer prevention activities of the combination of Fx and other drugs are still unclear, several effects have been discovered, including the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G1/G0, enhanced gap junctional intercellular communication, and the induction of autophagy via various mechanisms, such as decreasing P-gp, activating the CYP3A4 promoter, increasing reactive oxygen species and cellular uptake and suppressing the PI3K/Akt/NFκB pathway. In this review, we address the anticancer effects and mechanisms of the combination of Fx and other drugs in different types of cancer. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed and Web of Science databases is reviewed in this article. RESULTS Fx combined with other drugs could enhance the effect of both Fx and the other drug or reduce the dose without reducing the effect, which may create more effective and less harmful therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSION Fx combined with other drugs has significant anticancer effects by various mechanisms and could be a potential therapeutic strategy for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Medical Examination Center, Zibo Sixth Hospital, Zibo Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupation Diseases, Zibo, China
| | - Minghao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HanZheng Street 473, QiaoKou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HanZheng Street 473, QiaoKou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Alghazwi M, Smid S, Musgrave I, Zhang W. In vitro studies of the neuroprotective activities of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin against amyloid beta (Aβ 1-42) toxicity and aggregation. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:215-224. [PMID: 30639263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) can aggregate and form plaques, which are considered as one of the major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to directly compare the neuroprotective activities in vitro of two marine-derived carotenoids astaxanthin and fucoxanthin that have shown a spectrum of biological activities, including neuroprotection. The in vitro neuroprotective activities were investigated against Aβ1-42-mediated toxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC-12) neuronal cells using the MTT cell viability assay, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and neurite outgrowth activities; as well as inhibition against Aβ1-42 fibrillization in the Thioflavin T (ThT) assay of fibril kinetics and via transmission electron microscopic (TEM) evaluation of fibril morphology. The results demonstrated that both astaxanthin and fucoxanthin exhibited multi-neuroprotective effects favouring fucoxanthin over astaxanthin supporting neuroprotective roles of marine-derived carotenoids as potential novel dementia prevention or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Alghazwi
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development (CMBD), College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia; Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia, King Faisal Hospital Street, Riyadh, 11153, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Scott Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ian Musgrave
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development (CMBD), College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Xu W, Huang X, Zhao Y, Ren Q, Hong Z, Huang M, Xing X. Fucoxanthin ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in diabetic mice partially through IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Kumagai K, Nebashi N, Muromachi A, Nakano Y, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Emulsified Fucoxanthin Increases Stability and Absorption in Rats. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.65.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kumagai
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Naohiro Nebashi
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
| | - Ayako Muromachi
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
| | - Yuichiro Nakano
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
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44
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Shannon E, Abu-Ghannam N. Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Dublin Institute of Technology; School of Food Science and Environmental Health; Cathal Brugha Street Dublin D01 HV58 Ireland
| | - Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
- Dublin Institute of Technology; School of Food Science and Environmental Health; Cathal Brugha Street Dublin D01 HV58 Ireland
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Sathasivam R, Ki JS. A Review of the Biological Activities of Microalgal Carotenoids and Their Potential Use in Healthcare and Cosmetic Industries. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E26. [PMID: 29329235 PMCID: PMC5793074 DOI: 10.3390/md16010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that play pivotal roles in many physiological functions. The characteristics of carotenoids, their effects on health, and the cosmetic benefits of their usage have been under investigation for a long time; however, most reviews on this subject focus on carotenoids obtained from several microalgae, vegetables, fruits, and higher plants. Recently, microalgae have received much attention due to their abilities in producing novel bioactive metabolites, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can provide for health and cosmetic benefits. The main objectives of this review are to provide an updated view of recent work on the health and cosmetic benefits associated with carotenoid use, as well as to provide a list of microalgae that produce different types of carotenoids. This review could provide new insights to researchers on the potential role of carotenoids in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.
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Selected Phyto and Marine Bioactive Compounds: Alternatives for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Miyashita K, Hosokawa M. Fucoxanthin in the management of obesity and its related disorders. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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48
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Carotenoids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications: A mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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49
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Reduction of HbA1c levels by fucoxanthin-enriched akamoku oil possibly involves the thrifty allele of uncoupling protein 1 ( UCP1): a randomised controlled trial in normal-weight and obese Japanese adults. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e5. [PMID: 28620480 PMCID: PMC5465861 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle-related problems are becoming a major health threat in East Asian countries. Therefore, finding an efficacious nutraceutical for this population is important. One candidate is fucoxanthin (Fx), a carotenoid abundantly found in edible brown seaweed that has been associated with a number of valuable health-promoting benefits. Unfortunately, clinical studies of Fx are limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Fx on obesity-related parameters in Japanese subjects harbouring an SNP associated with lifestyle-related problems. In all, sixty normal-weight and obese Japanese adults with BMI over 22 kg/m2 were single-blinded and randomly assigned to three Fx-dose cohorts and administered Fx-enriched akamoku oil containing Fx at 0, 1 or 2 mg/d for 8 weeks (n 20 per group). Parameters relating to obesity and serum Fx metabolites were measured before and after intervention, but no significant differences were observed between and within the groups. Despite no changes in visceral fat areas and resting energy expenditures after intervention, we observed a significant decline in HbA1c levels in the 2 mg/d Fx group compared with that in the 0 mg/d group (P < 0·05), which was correlated with an increase in serum fucoxanthinol (Fx metabolite) levels. In addition, HbA1c levels declined more significantly in subjects with G/G alleles of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene than in those with the A/A and A/G alleles (P < 0·05). We conclude that although Fx supplementation does not affect visceral fat areas, it may reduce HbA1c levels in those harbouring the thrifty allele of UCP1-3826A/G.
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Heffernan N, Smyth T, FitzGerald RJ, Vila-Soler A, Mendiola J, Ibáñez E, Brunton N. Comparison of extraction methods for selected carotenoids from macroalgae and the assessment of their seasonal/spatial variation. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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