1
|
Galaj E, Bi GH, Xi ZX. β-caryophyllene inhibits heroin self-administration, but does not alter opioid-induced antinociception in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109947. [PMID: 38631564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that β-caryophyllene (BCP), a constituent present in a large number of plants, possesses significant therapeutic properties against CNS disorders, including alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. However, it is unknown whether BCP has similar therapeutic potential for opioid use disorders. In this study, we found that systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats under an FR2 schedule of reinforcement and partially blocked heroin-enhanced brain stimulation reward in DAT-cre mice, maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons at high frequencies. Acute administration of BCP failed to block heroin conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice, but attenuated heroin-induced CPP in females. Furthermore, repeated dosing with BCP for 5 days facilitated the extinction of CPP in female but not male mice. In the hot plate assay, pretreatment with the same doses of BCP failed to enhance or prolong opioid antinociception. Lastly, in a substitution test, BCP replacement for heroin failed to maintain intravenous BCP self-administration, suggesting that BCP itself has no reinforcing properties. These findings suggest that BCP may have certain therapeutic effects against opioid use disorders with fewer unwanted side-effects by itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Benamar K. IUPHAR review- Preclinical models of neuropathic pain: Evaluating multifunctional properties of natural cannabinoid receptors ligands. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107013. [PMID: 38008135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain remains prevalent and challenging to manage and is often comorbid with depression and anxiety. The new approach that simultaneously targets neuropathic pain and the associated comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, is timely and critical, given the high prevalence and severity of neuropathic pain and the lack of effective analgesics. In this review, we focus on the animal models of neuropathic pain that researchers have used to investigate the analgesic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP) individually and in combination while addressing the impact of these compounds on the major comorbidity (e.g., depression, anxiety) associated with neuropathic pain. We also addressed the potential targets/mechanisms by which CBD and BCP produce analgesic effects in neuropathic pain models. The preclinical studies examined in this review support CBD and BCP individually and combined as potential alternative analgesics for neuropathic pain while showing beneficial effects on depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Benamar
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neuro-behavioral Health, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Biomedical building, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Veras BO, Moura GMDM, Barros AVD, Vanusa da Silva M, Assis PACD, Aguiar JCRDOFD, Navarro DMDAF, Ximenes RM, Wanderley AG, Oliveira MBMD, Lopes ACDS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil of the leaves of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith. from the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116858. [PMID: 37400005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith is a medicinal plant with wide distribution in South America, popularly known in Brazil as "cumaru" or "amburana de cheiro". In folk medicine, in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, infusions, teas and decoctions of leaves of Amburana cearensis have their practical use for treating fever, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and inflammation pain. However, none of the ethnopharmacological properties has been scientifically evaluated using volatile compounds obtained from its leaves (essential oil). AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the chemical composition, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from the leaves of A. cearensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The acute toxicity of the essential oil was investigated in mice. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the formalin test and, abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, being investigated the possible mechanisms of action involved in antinociception. The acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated through models of carrageenan-induced peritonitis, yeast-induced pyrexia, and carrageenan- and histamine-induced paw inflammation. RESULTS No acute toxicity was observed at doses up to 2000 mg/kg; p.o. The antinociceptive effect was statistically equal to morphine. In the formalin assay, the oil showed analgesic activity in the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, having as mechanisms the cholinergic, adenosinergic system, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP). In peritonitis, a reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and leukocyte migration were observed. The antipyretic effect was statistically superior to dipyrone. The reduction in paw edema was statistically superior to the standard in both models. CONCLUSION The results obtained not only support the traditional use of the species in inflammatory conditions and pain in folk medicine but also demonstrate that this is a rich source of phytocomponents such as germacrone, which can be used as a natural and sustainable therapeutic agent with industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Oliveira de Veras
- Post-graduation in Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Geovanna Maria de Medeiros Moura
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory Chemistry and Function of Bioactive Proteins, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vieira de Barros
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Anne Castro de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina de Sousa Lopes
- Post-graduation in Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bruna Guimarães Silva V, Barros da Fonsêca BM, Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias de Aguiar JC, Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro D, Macário de Oliveira A, Napoleão TH, Tereza Dos Santos Correia M, Lucia de Menezes Lima V, Costa WK, Vanusa da Silva M. Chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice of the essential oil of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116443. [PMID: 37054827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE One of the native species of the genus most often mentioned by traditional people is Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, which is used mostly to treat disorders of the respiratory, genitourinary, and digestive systems. These symptoms are mainly treated by the decoction of the leaves. Additionally, there are gaps in the in vivo and toxicity investigations of this species. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was evaluate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil from P. cattleyanum leaves in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to examine the essential oil of P. cattleyanum. The acute toxicity test was then done with a 2000 mg/kg dosage. The oil at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg orally, as well as the reference medications Morphine 10.0 mg/kg IP and/or Indomethacin 20.0 mg/kg IP, were tested using nociception (abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail immersion) and inflammatory models (paw edema and peritonitis). RESULTS The phytochemical assay showed a high concentration of β-caryophyllene (46.68%) and α-caryophyllene (10.81%). In the in vivo assays, P. cattleyanum essential oil proved to be an important antinociceptive agent, reaching 76.96% inhibition of abdominal writhing with acetic acid and 67.12% in the formalin assay. An increase in latency time in the tail test was also reported. In the test with carrageenan, the oil showed significant inhibition compared to the control. A decrease in the migration of leukocytes was also reported in the group treated with P. cattleyanum, reaching 60.49% at the dose of 200 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The essential oil from the leaves of P. cattleyanum has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action and has potential for application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidedade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wêndeo Kennedy Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hemp Seed Oil in Association with β-Caryophyllene, Myrcene and Ginger Extract as a Nutraceutical Integration in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Prospective Case-Control Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020191. [PMID: 36837393 PMCID: PMC9960141 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nutraceuticals are gaining more and more importance as a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) complementary treatment. Among nutraceuticals, hemp seed oil and terpenes are proving to be very useful as therapeutic support for many chronic diseases, but there are still few studies regarding their effectiveness for treating KOA, both in combination and separately. The aim of this study is thus to compare the effect of two dietary supplements, both containing hemp seed oil, but of which only one also contains terpenes, in relieving pain and improving joint function in patients suffering from KOA. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients were recruited and divided into two groups. The control group underwent a 45 day treatment with a hemp seed oil-based dietary supplement, while the treatment group assumed a hemp seed oil and terpenes dietary supplement for the same period. Patients were evaluated at the enrollment (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). Outcome measures were: Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form-12 (SF-12), Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Results: All outcome measures improved at T1 in both groups, but NRS, KOOS and OKS had a greater significant improvement in the treatment group only. Conclusions: Hemp seed oil and terpenes resulted a more effective integrative treatment option in KOA, improving joint pain and function and representing a good complementary option for patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Schoss K, Kočevar Glavač N, Kreft S. Volatile Compounds in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) Significantly Vary with Season. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:188. [PMID: 36616317 PMCID: PMC9824094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies) is one of the most important commercial conifer species naturally distributed in Europe. In this paper, the composition and abundance of essential oil and hydrosol from the needles and branches of P. abies were investigated with an additional evaluation of changes related to different times of the year, annual shoots and branches, and differences in composition under different microenvironments. Essential oils and hydrosols obtained via hydrodistillation were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), where 246 compounds in essential oil and 53 in hydrosols were identified. The relative amounts of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes in essential oil changed significantly during the year, with the highest peak of monoterpenes observed in April (72%), the highest abundance of sesquiterpenes observed in August (21%), and the highest abundance of diterpenes observed in June (27%). The individual compound with the highest variation was manool, with variation from 1.5% (April) to 18.7% (June). Our results also indicate that the essential oil with the lowest allergenic potential (lowest quantity of limonene and linalool) was obtained in late spring or summer. Location had no significant influence on composition, while the method of collection for distillation (whole branch or annual shoots) had a minor influence on the composition. All nine main compounds identified in the hydrosol samples were oxygenated monoterpenes. The composition of P. abies hydrosol was also significantly affected by season. The method of preparing the branches for distillation did not affect the composition of P. abies hydrosol, while the location had a minor effect on composition.
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo Y, Dai W, Zheng Y, Qiao W, Chen W, Peng L, Zhou H, Zhao T, Liu H, Zheng F, Sun P. Mechanism and Regulation of Microglia Polarization in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207080. [PMID: 36296682 PMCID: PMC9611828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke, but effective treatments are lacking, and neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis. In the innate immune response to cerebral hemorrhage, microglia first appear around the injured tissue and are involved in the inflammatory cascade response. Microglia respond to acute brain injury by being activated and polarized to either a typical M1-like (pro-inflammatory) or an alternative M2-like (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. These two polarization states produce pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. With the discovery of the molecular mechanisms and key signaling molecules related to the polarization of microglia in the brain, some targets that regulate the polarization of microglia to reduce the inflammatory response are considered a treatment for secondary brain tissue after ICH damage effective strategies. Therefore, how to promote the polarization of microglia to the M2 phenotype after ICH has become the focus of attention in recent years. This article reviews the mechanism of action of microglia’s M1 and M2 phenotypes in secondary brain injury after ICH. Moreover, it discusses compounds and natural pharmaceutical ingredients that can polarize the M1 to the M2 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Weibo Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan 528401, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Weilin Qiao
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528411, China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528411, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528411, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Huimin Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362002, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sepulveda DE, Morris DP, Raup-Konsavage WM, Sun D, Vrana KE, Graziane NM. Cannabigerol (CBG) attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity elicited by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1950-1966. [PMID: 35899583 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid produced by the plant Cannabis sativa with affinity to various receptors involved in nociception. As a result, CBG is marketed as an over-the-counter treatment for many forms of pain. However, there is very little research-based evidence for the efficacy of CBG as an anti-nociceptive agent. METHODS To begin to fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the anti-nociceptive effects of CBG in C57BL/6 mice using three different models of pain; cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, the formalin test, and the tail-flick assay. RESULTS Using the von Frey test, we found that CBG-attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity evoked by cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in both male and female mice. Additionally, we observed that this CBG-induced reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity was attenuated by the α2 -adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and the CB1 R antagonist, AM4113 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), and blocked by the CB2 R antagonist/inverse agonist, SR144528 (10 mg/kg, i.p.). We found that the TRPV1 antagonist, SB705498 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was unable to prevent CBG actions. Furthermore, we show that CBG:CBD oil (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was more effective than pure CBG (10 mg/kg) at reducing mechanical hypersensitivity in neuropathic mice. Lastly, we show that pure CBG and CBG:CBD oil were ineffective at reducing nociception in other models of pain, including the formalin and tail flick assays. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of CBG in alleviating mechanical hypersensitivity evoked by cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, but highlight that these effects may be limited to specific types of pain. SIGNIFICANCE There are few effective treatments for neuropathic pain and neuropathic pain is projected to increase with the aging population. We demonstrate that CBG (cannabigerol) and CBG:CBD oil attenuate neuropathy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity mice. Second, we identify receptor targets that mediate CBG-induced reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity in neuropathic mice. Third, we demonstrate that an acute injection of CBG is anti-nociceptive specifically for neuropathic pain rather than other forms of pain, including persistent pain and thermal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Wesley M Raup-Konsavage
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kent E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas M Graziane
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reyes-Pérez V, Granados-Soto V, Linares E, Bye R, Mata R, Deciga-Campos M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allodynic activities in mice of the essential oil and desmethylisoencecalin from Zinnia grandiflora Nuttall. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2118880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Reyes-Pérez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edelmira Linares
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robert Bye
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachel Mata
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrna Deciga-Campos
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Analysis of Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of 25 High-THC Cannabis Extracts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186057. [PMID: 36144796 PMCID: PMC9506243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest cultivated plants. Many of the medicinal properties of cannabis are known, although very few cannabis-based formulations became prescribed drugs. Previous research demonstrated that cannabis varieties are very different in their medicinal properties, likely due to the entourage effect-the synergistic or antagonistic effect of various cannabinoids and terpenes. In this work, we analyzed 25 cannabis extracts containing high levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We used HCC1806 squamous cell carcinoma and demonstrated various degrees of efficiency of the tested extracts, from 66% to 92% of growth inhibition of cancer cells. Inflammation was tested by induction of inflammation with TNF-α/IFN-γ in WI38 human lung fibroblasts. The efficiency of the extracts was tested by analyzing the expression of COX2 and IL6; while some extracts aggravated inflammation by increasing the expression of COX2/IL6 by 2-fold, other extracts decreased inflammation, reducing expression of cytokines by over 5-fold. We next analyzed the level of THC, CBD, CBG and CBN and twenty major terpenes and performed clustering and association analysis between the chemical composition of the extracts and their efficiency in inhibiting cancer growth and curbing inflammation. A positive correlation was found between the presence of terpinene (pval = 0.002) and anti-cancer property; eucalyptol came second, with pval of 0.094. p-cymene and β-myrcene positively correlated with the inhibition of IL6 expression, while camphor correlated negatively. No significant correlation was found for COX2. We then performed a correlation analysis between cannabinoids and terpenes and found a positive correlation for the following pairs: α-pinene vs. CBD, p-cymene vs. CBGA, terpenolene vs. CBGA and isopulegol vs. CBGA. Our work, thus, showed that most of high-THC extracts demonstrate anti-cancer activity, while only certain selected extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity. Presence of certain terpenes, such as terpinene, eucalyptol, cymene, myrcene and camphor, appear to have modulating effects on the activity of cannabinoids.
Collapse
|
11
|
Alsayadi AI, Abutaha N, Almutairi BO, Al-Mekhlafi FA, Wadaan MA. Evaluating the efficacy of an innovative herbal formulation (HF6) on different human cancer cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51768-51777. [PMID: 35249198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is reported to be the leading cause of death and illness worldwide. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activities of the polyherbal formulation HF6. HF6 was prepared by blending equal quantities of plants powder, namely, Curcuma longa, Salvia officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Capsicum annuum, Zingiber officinale, and Syzygium aromaticum, and later extracted using hexane (HF6H), chloroform (HF6C), ethyl acetate (HF6E), and methanol (HF6M) in Soxhlet apparatus. Among the four different extracts, only the hexane extract (HF6H) was significantly effective. The HF6H extract showed antioxidant and anticancer potentials against different cancer cell lines, and moderate cytotoxicity against non-cancer cells, rendering it a promising remedy. In addition, it exerted tremendous cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, Huh-7, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, LoVo, and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 2.02, 4.5, 6.9, 11.4, 23.5, and 34.7 µg/mL, respectively. The morphological hallmarks of apoptosis such as the rounding of cells, loss of contact with neighboring cells, formation of cell membrane blebbing, and microspike protrusion were detected using several different techniques. DAPI staining revealed apoptotic nuclear morphology such as condensation and DNA fragmentation. The morphological changes of MCF7 cells were also analyzed by AO/EB fluorescence staining. MCF7-stained green cells were viable cells, whereas the treated cells showed fragmented green nuclei representing early apoptosis. The phytochemical screening of HF6H showed positive results regarding the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols. The GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis of the HF6H extract indicated the presence of 12 compounds, mainly trans-caryophyllene (21.55%), cis-isoeugenol (18.42%), acetyleugenol (17.53%), alpha farnesene (10.0%), and zingiberene (8.55%). However, further investigation could be carried out to examine the toxicity of the extract on animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Alsayadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nael Abutaha
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061199. [PMID: 35740096 PMCID: PMC9220155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked and interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that many phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the potential to ameliorate the disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuroprotective and mitoprotective effects in different in vitro and in vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its effects by acting as a selective agonist and allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is a pro-electrophilic compound that, in response to oxidation, is converted to its electrophilic form. This can interact and activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering the synthesis of endogenous antioxidant “phase 2” enzymes. However, given the nature of its chemical structure, CA also exhibits direct antioxidant effects. BCP and CA can readily cross the BBB and accumulate in brain regions, giving rise to neuroprotective effects by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through the activation of pro-survival signalling pathways, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, and molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control. Findings from different in vitro/in vivo experimental models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease reported the beneficial effects of both compounds, suggesting that their use in treatments may be a promising strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hong SJ, Kim DS, Lee J, Boo CG, Youn MY, Le B, Kim JK, Shin EC. Inhalation of low-dose basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil improved cardiovascular health and plasma lipid markers in high fat diet-induced obese rats. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2450-2462. [PMID: 35591766 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antiobesogenic effects of the inhalation of volatile compounds derived from basil essential oil (BEO) in high fat diet-induced obese rats. A total of 47 volatile compounds were identified in BEO using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Major volatile compounds identified by olfactory testing include linalool oxide, linalool, 1-menthene, and carvone. White adipose tissue significantly decreased in the rats that inhaled 0.3% BEO (more than +10%) compared to the control. Plasma marker analysis showed increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ca. double fold) and decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (more than -30%) levels in inhaled 1% BEO group compared to the control. Leptin significantly decreased in the 0.3 and 1% BEO groups (more than -70 and -85%, respectively). Last, systolic blood pressure at week 12 was significantly lower in inhaled 1% BEO group (more than -15%) compared to the control. The results of this study suggest that BEO inhalation may be effective in managing plasma lipid markers (cholesterols and leptin) and possibly metabolic disorders such as obesity. Practical Application: Changes in metabolic health markers, which are effected by inhalation of volatiles in basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil, will provide physiological variations in vivo to the public. In this study, the opposite effects were identified between 0.3% and 1% inhalation, respectively. Therefore, our findings will provide optimized and useful guidance for inhalation of basil essential oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Hong
- Department of Food Science/GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- Department of Food Science/GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Chang Guk Boo
- Department of Food Science/GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Yeon Youn
- Department of Food Science/GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Brandy Le
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science/GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evaluation of the terpenes β-caryophyllene, α-terpineol, and γ-terpinene in the mouse chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain: possible cannabinoid receptor involvement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1475-1486. [PMID: 34846548 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common reasons to seek medical attention, and chronic pain is a worldwide epidemic. Anecdotal reports suggest cannabis may be an effective analgesic. As cannabis contains the terpenes α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, and γ-terpinene, we hypothesized these terpenes would produce analgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. We used the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve mouse model, which produces mechanical allodynia, assessed via the von Frey assay, as well as thermal hyperalgesia assessed via the hotplate assay. Compounds were further assessed in tests of locomotor activity, hypothermia, and acute antinociception. Each terpene produced dose-related reversal of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Thermal hyperalgesia displayed higher sensitivity to the effects of each terpene than mechanical allodynia, and the rank order potency of the terpenes was α-terpineol > β-caryophyllene > γ-terpinene. To examine the involvement of cannabinoid receptors, further tests were conducted in mice lacking either functional cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R (-/-)) or cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R (-/-)). Compared to wild type mice, CB1R (-/-) mice treated with α-terpineol displayed a 2.91-fold decrease in potency to reverse mechanical allodynia; in CB2R (-/-) mice, the potency of α-terpineol was decreased 11.73-fold. The potency of β-caryophyllene to reverse mechanical allodynia decreased 1.80-fold in CB2R (-/-) mice. Each terpene produced a subset of effects in tests of locomotor activity, hypothermia, and acute antinociception. These findings suggest α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, and γ-terpinene may have differential cannabinoid receptor activity and a pharmacological profile that may yield new efficacious analgesics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abidi AH, Alghamdi SS, Derefinko K. A critical review of cannabis in medicine and dentistry: A look back and the path forward. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:613-631. [PMID: 35362240 PMCID: PMC9209799 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the last two decades, our understanding of the therapeutic utility and medicinal properties of cannabis has greatly changed. This change has been accompanied by widespread cannabis use in various communities and different age groups, especially within the United States. With this increase, we should consider the potential effects of cannabis–hemp on general public health and how they could alter therapeutic outcomes. Material and Methods The present investigation examined cannabis use for recreational and therapeutic use and a review of pertinent indexed literature was performed. The focused question evaluates “how cannabis or hemp products impact health parameters and do they provide potential therapeutic value in dentistry, and how do they interact with conventional medicines (drugs).” Indexed databases (PubMed/Medline, EMBASE) were searched without any time restrictions but language was restricted to English. Results The review highlights dental concerns of cannabis usage, the need to understand the endocannabinoid system (ECS), cannabinoid receptor system, its endogenous ligands, pharmacology, metabolism, current oral health, and medical dilemma to ascertain the detrimental or beneficial effects of using cannabis–hemp products. The pharmacological effects of pure cannabidiol (CBD) have been studied extensively while cannabis extracts can vary significantly and lack empirical studies. Several metabolic pathways are affected by cannabis use and could pose a potential drug interaction. The chronic use of cannabis is associated with health issues, but the therapeutic potential is multifold since there is a regulatory role of ECS in many pathologies. Conclusion Current shortcomings in understanding the benefits of cannabis or hemp products are limited due to pharmacological and clinical effects not being predictable, while marketed products vary greatly in phytocompounds warrant further empirical investigation. Given the healthcare challenges to manage acute and chronic pain, this review highlights both cannabis and CBD‐hemp extracts to help identify the therapeutic application for patient populations suffering from anxiety, inflammation, and dental pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammaar H Abidi
- College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sahar S Alghamdi
- Department of Phamaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen Derefinko
- College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bioherbicide and anesthetic potential of Aniba canelilla essential oil, a contribution to the demands of the agricultural sector. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Rodriguez CEB, Ouyang L, Kandasamy R. Antinociceptive effects of minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in Cannabis. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:130-157. [PMID: 33709984 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. Given the dangerous and unpleasant side effects of existing analgesics, the chemical constituents of Cannabis have garnered significant interest for their antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To date, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) remain the two most widely studied constituents of Cannabis in animals. These studies have led to formulations of THC and CBD for human use; however, chronic pain patients also use different strains of Cannabis (sativa, indica and ruderalis) to alleviate their pain. These strains contain major cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, but they also contain a wide variety of cannabinoid and noncannabinoid constituents. Although the analgesic effects of Cannabis are attributed to major cannabinoids, evidence indicates other constituents such as minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids also produce antinociception against animal models of acute, inflammatory, neuropathic, muscle and orofacial pain. In some cases, these constituents produce antinociception that is equivalent or greater compared to that produced by traditional analgesics. Thus, a better understanding of the extent to which these constituents produce antinociception alone in animals is necessary. The purposes of this review are to (1) introduce the different minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids found in Cannabis and (2) discuss evidence of their antinociceptive properties in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erwin B Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Odieka AE, Obuzor GU, Oyedeji OO, Gondwe M, Hosu YS, Oyedeji AO. The Medicinal Natural Products of Cannabis sativa Linn.: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051689. [PMID: 35268790 PMCID: PMC8911748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is known among many cultures for its medicinal potential. Its complexity contributes to the historical application of various parts of the plant in ethno-medicines and pharmacotherapy. C. sativa has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, skin burns, pain, the management of sexually transmitted diseases, difficulties during child labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal activity. However, the use of C. sativa is still limited, and it is illegal in most countries. Thus, this review aims to highlight the biological potential of the plant parts, as well as the techniques for the extraction, isolation, and characterization of C. sativa compounds. The plant produces a unique class of terpenophenolic compounds, called cannabinoids, as well as non-cannabinoid compounds. The exhaustive profiling of bioactive compounds and the chemical characterization and analysis of C. sativa compounds, which modern research has not yet fully achieved, is needed for the consistency, standardization, and the justified application of Cannabis sativa products for therapeutic purposes. Studies on the clinical relevance and applications of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenols in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening diseases is indeed significant. Furthermore, psychoactive cannabinoids, when chemically standardized and administered under medical supervision, can be the legal answer to the use of C. sativa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwuli Endurance Odieka
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa;
| | - Gloria Ukalina Obuzor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria;
| | | | - Mavuto Gondwe
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa;
| | - Yiseyon Sunday Hosu
- Department of Economics and Business Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa;
| | - Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-764-260-279
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Soares GABE, Bhattacharya T, Chakrabarti T, Tagde P, Cavalu S. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Essential Oils on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010021. [PMID: 35009027 PMCID: PMC8747111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been traditionally used as ancient remedies to treat many health disorders due to their enormous biological activities. As mainstream allopathic medication currently used for CNS disorders is associated with adverse effects, the search to obtain safer alternatives as compared to the currently marketed therapies is of tremendous significance. Research conducted suggests that concurrent utilization of allopathic medicines and EOs is synergistically beneficial. Due to their inability to show untoward effects, various scientists have tried to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms by which these oils exert beneficial effects on the CNS. In this regard, our review aims to improve the understanding of EOs' biological activity on the CNS and to highlight the significance of the utilization of EOs in neuronal disorders, thereby improving patient acceptability of EOs as therapeutic agents. Through data compilation from library searches and electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., recent preclinical and clinical data, routes of administration, and the required or maximal dosage for the observation of beneficial effects are addressed. We have also highlighted the challenges that require attention for further improving patient compliance, research gaps, and the development of EO-based nanomedicine for targeted therapy and pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A. Borges e Soares
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Innovation, Incubation & Industry (I-Cube) Laboratory, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur 313003, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Science & Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Tulika Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur 313601, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University Bhopal, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India;
- PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), Bhopal 462042, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiao S, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Fan J, Yao W. Evaluation of the analgesic potential and safety of Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol essential oil. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9860-9871. [PMID: 34699310 PMCID: PMC8810075 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol essential oil (BEO, 18.2% v/v borneol) is a by-product of steam distillation to produce natural crystalline borneol (NCB, 98.4% v/v borneol). Given the known medicinal properties of borneol, the analgesic function and safety were studied. Horn’s method and the Draize test revealed a gender difference in mice regarding acute oral LD50, i.e., low-toxicity to female mice (2749 mg/kg), but practically nontoxic to male mice (5081 mg/kg). There was no acute and skin or eye irritation when BEO was applied directly, if the BEO concentration was less than 50%. The analgesic effect of BEO was evaluated by the glacial acetic acid-induced writhing pain model. Continuous topical application of BEO to the abdomen of mice for 6 d, significantly reduced observed writhing in mice (p < 0.001) with a strong dose-response relationship (r = −0.9006). Concomitantly, the levels of the serum pain-related mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), and the latter showed a strong dose-response relationship (r = −0.9427). Therefore, BEO had similar analgesic functions to borneol and was demonstrated to be safe for medicinal use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Research and Development Department, Chunjingziran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Menezes PMN, Araújo TCDL, Pereira ECV, Neto JA, Silva DS, Brito MC, Lima KSB, Monte APOD, Matos MHTD, Lima RSD, Ribeiro LADA, Silva FS, Rolim LA. Investigation of antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiasthmatic, and spasmolytic activities of Brazilian Cannabis sativa L. roots in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114259. [PMID: 34058314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many studies are performed with the aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae). However, roots remain poorly studied, despite citations in the scientific literature. The C. sativa roots are indicated for the treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, among other health problems. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiasthmatic, and spasmolytic activities of C. sativa roots in experimental models using mice and rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical composition of the aqueous extract of C. sativa roots (AECsR) was evaluated by LC-MS. The antinociceptive activity was assessed in mice by the induction of writhing with acetic acid, paw licking with formalin, and reactivity in the hot plate test. Fever was induced by the administration of a suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in young rats. The asthmatic activity was performed with ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice with cellular and histological analysis. Finally, the spasmolytic activity was performed using mice isolated trachea. For in vivo studies, the doses were 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg whereas for in vitro, the concentration of AECsR was 729 μg/mL. RESULTS From the LC-MS data, we identified p-coumaroyltyramine, feruloyltyramine canabissativine in AECsR. The extract promoted a reduction of writhing in all tested doses (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg). Similarly, it reduced the pain in the formalin test at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (first phase) and 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (second phase). In the hot plate test, the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg promoted antinociceptive effect at different times, and the lowest dose maintained its action in the analyzes performed at 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. The anti-inflammatory activity of AECsR was observed in the mouse model of asthma, reducing the total leukocyte count in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) at a dose of 25 mg/kg, as well as reducing eosinophilia in all tested doses (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Histological analysis of lungs stained with H&E and PAS showed a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in the perivascular and peribronchial region, as well as reduced mucus production. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AECsR promotes pain control, either by a central or inflammatory mechanism, and has antiasthmatic activity. However, there was no antipyretic or spasmolytic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janaine Almeida Neto
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - David Souza Silva
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Coelho Brito
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciano Augusto de Araújo Ribeiro
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Souza Silva
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco- UFRPE, Recife/PE, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liktor-Busa E, Keresztes A, LaVigne J, Streicher JM, Largent-Milnes TM. Analgesic Potential of Terpenes Derived from Cannabis sativa. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:98-126. [PMID: 34663685 PMCID: PMC11060501 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain prevalence among adults in the United States has increased 25% over the past two decades, resulting in high health-care costs and impacts to patient quality of life. In the last 30 years, our understanding of pain circuits and (intra)cellular mechanisms has grown exponentially, but this understanding has not yet resulted in improved therapies. Options for pain management are limited. Many analgesics have poor efficacy and are accompanied by severe side effects such as addiction, resulting in a devastating opioid abuse and overdose epidemic. These problems have encouraged scientists to identify novel molecular targets and develop alternative pain therapeutics. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis has several beneficial pharmacological activities, including pain relief. Cannabis sativa contains more than 500 chemical compounds, with two principle phytocannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Beyond phytocannabinoids, more than 150 terpenes have been identified in different cannabis chemovars. Although the predominant cannabinoids, Δ9-THC and CBD, are thought to be the primary medicinal compounds, terpenes including the monoterpenes β-myrcene, α-pinene, limonene, and linalool, as well as the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and α-humulene may contribute to many pharmacological properties of cannabis, including anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about terpene compounds in cannabis and to analyze the available scientific evidence for a role of cannabis-derived terpenes in modern pain management. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Decades of research have improved our knowledge of cannabis polypharmacy and contributing phytochemicals, including terpenes. Reform of the legal status for cannabis possession and increased availability (medicinal and recreational) have resulted in cannabis use to combat the increasing prevalence of pain and may help to address the opioid crisis. Better understanding of the pharmacological effects of cannabis and its active components, including terpenes, may assist in identifying new therapeutic approaches and optimizing the use of cannabis and/or terpenes as analgesic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cabañero D, Martín-García E, Maldonado R. The CB2 cannabinoid receptor as a therapeutic target in the central nervous system. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:659-676. [PMID: 34424117 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1971196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2r) represents a promising approach for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. These receptors were identified in peripheral tissues, but also in neurons in the central nervous system. New findings have highlighted the interest to target these central receptors to obtain therapeutic effects devoid of the classical cannabinoid side-effects. AREAS COVERED In this review, we searched PubMed (January 1991-May 2021), ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library databases for articles, reviews and clinical trials. We first introduce the relevance of CB2r as a key component of the endocannabinoid system. We discuss CB2r interest as a possible novel target in the treatment of pain. This receptor has raised interest as a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders treatment, as we then discussed. Finally, we underline studies revealing a novel potential CB2r interest in mental disorders treatment. EXPERT OPINION In spite of the interest of targeting CB2r for pain, clinical trials evaluating CB2r agonist analgesic efficacy have currently failed. The preferential involvement of CB2r in preventing the development of chronic pain could influence the failure of clinical trials designed for the treatment of already established pain syndromes. Specific trials should be designed to target the prevention of chronic pain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cabañero
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández. Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chiruta V. Medical food development by dietetic management of the endocannabinoid system through dietary sources of β-caryophyllene. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To research the biological impact on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) from dietary sources of [Formula: see text]-caryophyllene (BCP). This will encompass pre-clinical and clinical research for BCP. The bioavailability of BCP will be explored, focusing on bioavailability improvement. This research will establish if there is justification to warrant the development of a medical food for supporting the ECS through dietetic supplementation of BCP. Methods: Research and review papers were identified through the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Main keywords included [Formula: see text]-caryophyllene, endocannabinoid system, dietary cannabinoids, cannabinoid type-2 receptor, and bioavailability. Results: The human body is limited in the digestion of BCP from food. This is because BCP is poorly absorbed in the gut. Everyone has different underlying endocannabinoid efficiency and most people do not have the full potential of supporting their ECS through diet. Conclusion: A medical food can be developed to use BCP with a delivery system, so that the bioactive food cannabinoid is readily absorbed. This will deliver dietary support to the ECS, that otherwise would be available from food. This review provides insight into the efficacy of using BCP in medical foods as dietary support for the ECS. Supporting the ECS can assist in maintaining homeostasis, regulating immune function, pain intensity, inflammatory markers, sleep patterns, mood, appetite, and stress susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chiruta
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, 101 Currie Street, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galaj E, Bi GH, Moore A, Chen K, He Y, Gardner E, Xi ZX. Beta-caryophyllene inhibits cocaine addiction-related behavior by activation of PPARα and PPARγ: repurposing a FDA-approved food additive for cocaine use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:860-870. [PMID: 33069159 PMCID: PMC8026612 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse continues to be a serious health problem worldwide. Despite intense research, there is still no FDA-approved medication to treat cocaine use disorder (CUD). In this report, we explored the potential utility of beta-caryophyllene (BCP), an FDA-approved food additive for the treatment of CUD. We found that BCP, when administered intraperitoneally or intragastrically, dose-dependently attenuated cocaine self-administration, cocaine-conditioned place preference, and cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug seeking in rats. In contrast, BCP failed to alter food self-administration or cocaine-induced hyperactivity. It also failed to maintain self-administration in a drug substitution test, suggesting that BCP has no abuse potential. BCP was previously reported to be a selective CB2 receptor agonist. Unexpectedly, pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of CB1, CB2, or GPR55 receptors in gene-knockout mice failed to alter BCP's action against cocaine self-administration, suggesting the involvement of non-CB1, non-CB2, and non-GPR55 receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of μ opioid receptor or Toll-like receptors complex failed to alter, while blockade of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ) reversed BCP-induced reduction in cocaine self-administration, suggesting the involvement of PPARα and PPARγ in BCP's action. Finally, we used electrical and optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation (eICSS, oICSS) paradigms to study the underlying neural substrate mechanisms. We found that BCP is more effective in attenuation of cocaine-enhanced oICSS than eICSS, the former driven by optical activation of midbrain dopamine neurons in DAT-cre mice. These findings indicate that BCP may be useful for the treatment of CUD, likely by stimulation of PPARα and PPARγ in the mesolimbic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Allamar Moore
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuropychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Kai Chen
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.413247.7Present Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 China
| | - Yi He
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Eliot Gardner
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuropychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mohammed LJ, Chehri K, Karimi I, Karimi N. Computational insight into the protective mechanism of Allium iranicum Wendelbo. Alliaceae in a mouse model of Staphylococcosis: focus on dietary phytocannabinoid trans-caryophyllene. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:17. [PMID: 33604234 PMCID: PMC7867674 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the prophylactic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract derived from bulbs of Allium iranicum Wendelbo. (Alliaceae; AI) on mouse model of Staphylococcosis, and to decipher which phytochemicals of AI may involve in its anti-staphylococcal property. Male mice were allocated into four groups, i.e. normal control (NC) and three other groups received AI at 0.192, 0.384 and 0.768 mg/ml in drinking water for 9 days. Thereafter, mice were intravenously injected 106 colony forming unites (CFUs/ml) of Staphylococcus aureus suspension at 10th day and tissue homogenates were colony counted for S. aureus 9 days post-inoculation. Molecular docking among cardinal proteins involved in Staphylococcosis and phytochemicals of AI has been performed using PyRx software and the best ligand submitted to compute molecular and biological attributes. Induction of murine Staphylococcosis and inclusion of AI did not adversely alter bodyweights of mice while colony counts in selected tissues of mice infected with S. aureus were different among groups (PANOVA = 0.016). Generally, the colony counts tended to decrease in AI 0.192 (P = 0.099) and AI 0.768 (P = 0.818) groups as compared to NC, however AI 0.384 (P = 0.005) group showed lesser colony counts than NC. In addition, colony counts decreased in AI 0.384 as compared to AI 0.768 (P = 0.009). The colony counts in kidneys of AI 0.0384 group were lesser than those of NC (P = 0.051) and AI 0.768 (P = 0.048). Among target proteins, trans-caryophyllene (TCP) showed reliable binding affinities (kcal/mol) to three hydrolase enzymes [beta toxin (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase - 8.1), sortase B (protease - 8.1), and FtsZ (GTPase - 8.7) of S. aureus]. The ADMET properties of TCP showed that it followed the Lipinski's rule of five with one violation with respect to its miLogP 5.17. In addition, Molinspiration bioactivity score indicated ion channel modulatory and enzyme inhibitory effect for TCP. Computational findings of admetSAR software revealed that TCP leads to carcinogenicity, Tetrahymena pyriformis, fish, rat, and honey bee toxicities, weak inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene, and cytochromes inhibitory promiscuity. The TCP showed promising in human intestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability, Caco-2 penetration, and solubility. The results of Toxtree software showed that TCP is not an endogenous molecule of the body and contains no functional groups associated with enhanced toxicity and considered as class I toxic compound close to terpenes. In conclusion, we found the hydro-alcoholic extract derived from of bulbs AI has a significant protective effect against Staphylococcosis in mouse model. In silico findings demonstrated that TCP has acceptable ADMET score to be considered as a bioactive compound for designing phytobiotics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00078-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layth Jasim Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346 Iran
| | - Khosrow Chehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346 Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346 Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hilgers F, Habash SS, Loeschcke A, Ackermann YS, Neumann S, Heck A, Klaus O, Hage-Hülsmann J, Grundler FMW, Jaeger KE, Schleker ASS, Drepper T. Heterologous Production of β-Caryophyllene and Evaluation of Its Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010168. [PMID: 33466643 PMCID: PMC7828715 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups within the class of secondary metabolites, comprising over 80,000 compounds. They not only exhibit important functions in plant physiology but also have commercial potential in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors due to their promising properties, including various bioactivities against pathogens, inflammations, and cancer. In this work, we therefore aimed to implement the plant sesquiterpenoid pathway leading to β-caryophyllene in the heterologous host Rhodobacter capsulatus and achieved a maximum production of 139 ± 31 mg L-1 culture. As this sesquiterpene offers various beneficial anti-phytopathogenic activities, we evaluated the bioactivity of β-caryophyllene and its oxygenated derivative β-caryophyllene oxide against different phytopathogenic fungi. Here, both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum by up to 40%, while growth of Alternaria brassicicola was only slightly affected, and Phoma lingam and Rhizoctonia solani were unaffected. At the same time, the compounds showed a promising low inhibitory profile for a variety of plant growth-promoting bacteria at suitable compound concentrations. Our observations thus give a first indication that β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide are promising natural agents, which might be applicable for the management of certain plant pathogenic fungi in agricultural crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
| | - Samer S. Habash
- INRES—Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.H.); (S.N.); (F.M.W.G.)
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
| | - Yannic Sebastian Ackermann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
| | - Stefan Neumann
- INRES—Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.H.); (S.N.); (F.M.W.G.)
| | - Achim Heck
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Oliver Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
| | - Jennifer Hage-Hülsmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- INRES—Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.H.); (S.N.); (F.M.W.G.)
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany;
| | - A. Sylvia S. Schleker
- INRES—Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.H.); (S.N.); (F.M.W.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.S.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.H.); (A.L.); (Y.S.A.); (O.K.); (J.H.-H.); (K.-E.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.S.S.); (T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun X, Chen W, Dai W, Xin H, Rahmand K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Xu L, Han T. Piper sarmentosum Roxb.: A review on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:112897. [PMID: 32620264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in India, Malaysia, Thailand, and the southeastern coastal areas of China including Fujian, Guangdong, and Guizhou. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of wind-cold cough, fever, rheumatism arthralgia, diarrhea dysentery, postpartum foot swelling, stomachache, toothache, diabetes, and traumatic injury. AIMS OF THE REVIEW To critically anayze the literature for the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and clinical trials of P. sarmentosum in order to provide a scientific consensus for further research and discovery of potential candidate drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The contents of this review were sourced from electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Chinese Knowledge On frastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Scientific and Technological Periodical Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Cochrane Controlled register of Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials. gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Chinese medicine books published over the years were used to elucidate the traditional uses of P. sarmentosum and additional information was also collected from Yao Zhi website (https://db.yaozh.com/). RESULTS Phytochemical analyses of the chemical constituents of P. sarmentosum include essential oil, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and steroids. The literature supports the ethnomedicinal uses of P. sarmentosum for the treatment of cold, gastritis, and rheumatoid joint pain, and further confirms its relatively new pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antipyretic activities. Other biological roles such as anti-osteoporosis, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-atherosclerotic, and hypoglycemic activities have also been reported. However, the methodologies employed in individual studies are limited. CONCLUSIONS There is convincing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the traditional use of P. sarmentosum and it is imperative that natural bioactive compounds are examined further. More efforts should be focused on the pharmacodynamic constituents of P. sarmentosum to provide practical basis for quality control, and additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism of their action. Further studies on the comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality and understandings of serum chemistry, multi-target network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology of P. sarmentosum are of great importance and should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Khalid Rahmand
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Yan Wang
- Military Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scandiffio R, Geddo F, Cottone E, Querio G, Antoniotti S, Gallo MP, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Protective Effects of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113273. [PMID: 33114564 PMCID: PMC7692661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it contributes a unique aroma to essential oils and has a pivotal role in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Recent studies provided evidence for protective roles of BCP in animal cells, highlighting its possible use as a novel therapeutic tool. Experimental results show the ability of BCP to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), thus ameliorating chronic pathologies characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, in particular metabolic and neurological diseases. Through the binding to CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the interaction with members of the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), BCP shows beneficial effects on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) liver diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pain and other nervous system disorders. This review describes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and natural sources of BCP, and reviews its role and mechanisms of action in different inflammation-related metabolic and neurologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maffei ME. Fibromyalgia: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Classification, Pharmacotherapy and Alternative Remedies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7877. [PMID: 33114203 PMCID: PMC7660651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that does not present a well-defined underlying organic disease. FM is a condition which has been associated with diseases such as infections, diabetes, psychiatric or neurological disorders, rheumatic pathologies, and is a disorder that rather than diagnosis of exclusion requires positive diagnosis. A multidimensional approach is required for the management of FM, including pain management, pharmacological therapies, behavioral therapy, patient education, and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in classification criteria and diagnostic criteria for FM as well as to explore pharmacotherapy and the use of alternative therapies including the use of plant bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Amalraj A, Jacob J, Varma K, Gopi S. Preparation and Characterization of Liposomal β-Caryophyllene (Rephyll) by Nanofiber Weaving Technology and Its Effects on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) in Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Crossover-Designed, and Placebo-Controlled Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24045-24056. [PMID: 32984726 PMCID: PMC7513359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a complex spreading out, which is related to swelling of muscles, tenderness, rigidity, pain, disruption of muscle fiber, alteration in the kinematics of joint, acute tissue damage, and reduction in power and strength. β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a potent phytocannabinoid, could play an important role in managing DOMS because of its wide diversity of biological activities, particularly its anti-inflammatory activity; however, its poor stability in light, temperature, high volatility, and insolubility can restrict the medical practices. In this study, liposomal β-caryophyllene (Rephyll) was designed and established in powder form constructed by the nanofiber weaving technology to improve the bioavailability of BCP with improved stability. Rephyll was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and in vitro release studies revealed that Rephyll can be an auspicious drug delivery arrangement for BCP. The effects of Rephyll were evaluated by a randomized, double-blinded, crossover-designed, placebo-controlled study. The oral consumption of Rephyll significantly reduced the pain visual assessment score, revealing that Rephyll effectively reduced DOMS with improved recovery without any side effects due to the bioavailable form of the phytocannabinoid BCP in the liposomal powder formulation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hong SJ, Cho J, Boo CG, Youn MY, Pan JH, Kim JK, Shin EC. Inhalation of Patchouli ( Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Essential Oil Improved Metabolic Parameters in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2077. [PMID: 32668680 PMCID: PMC7400805 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated effects of patchouli essential oil (PEO) inhalation on metabolic parameters. First, to characterize aromatic compounds in PEO, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection was employed in which 19 aromatic compounds were identified. In GC-olfactometry analysis, linalool, α-patchoulene, and β-patchoulene were found to be the constituents exhibiting the highest similarity to the aromatic compounds in patchouli. In an animal experiment using Sprague Darley rats, groups with PEO inhalation had a reduced food intake compared to the control group. Additionally, body weight was lower in the obesity-induced animal model exposed to PEO inhalation than the group without PEO. However, we found no significant difference in organ weights between groups. In our serum analysis, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in the PEO inhalation groups, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content was highest in the positive control group, suggesting that inhalation of the aromatic compounds present in patchouli may improve cholesterol profile. In addition, leptin levels were reduced in the groups treated with PEO inhalation, which explains the differences in food intake and body weight gains. Last, animal groups exposed to PEO inhalation showed a relatively lower systolic blood pressure which suggests that inhalation of PEO (or aromatic compounds therein) may assist in regulating blood pressure. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the inhalation of PEO influenced certain markers related to metabolic diseases, hence provide basic data for future research as to preventive/therapeutic applications of PEO as well as their aromatic constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Hong
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (J.C.); (C.G.B.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Jinju Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (J.C.); (C.G.B.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Chang Guk Boo
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (J.C.); (C.G.B.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Moon Yeon Youn
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (J.C.); (C.G.B.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (J.H.P.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (J.H.P.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (J.C.); (C.G.B.); (M.Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
A Systematic Review of Essential Oils and the Endocannabinoid System: A Connection Worthy of Further Exploration. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8035301. [PMID: 32508955 PMCID: PMC7246407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds have a long history of use as medicines in most recorded cultures. An increasing interest in these therapeutic volatile molecules in both scientific and lay communities has led to the advancement of essential oils as phytomedicines. Recent discoveries suggest essential oils augment the endocannabinoid system in a positive manner to mitigate various pathologies. However, the exact mechanisms whereby essential oils influence endocannabinoid system activity are not fully known, these studies provide a glimpse into their involvement and warrant further evaluation. Additional study of the interaction between essential oils and the endocannabinoid system may lead to promising phytomedicines for the treatment of diseases and conditions involving dysregulation or activation of the endocannabinoid system.
Collapse
|
34
|
Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Alloisio S, Cornara L, Denaro M, Garbati P, Grassi G, Circosta C. Promising in vitro antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and neuroactive effects of essential oil from two non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. biotypes. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2287-2302. [PMID: 32309898 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the micro-morphological features of two different non-drug Cannabis sativa L. biotypes (Chinese accession G-309 and one fibrante variety) and to evaluate the phytochemical profile as well as some biological properties of the essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation of dried flowering tops. After a micro-morphological evaluation by scanning electron microscopy, the phytochemical composition was analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties were investigated by several in vitro cell-free assays, while neuroactive effects were evaluated on mouse cortical neuronal as well as human iPS cell-derived central nervous system cells grown on MEA chips. Both EOs showed strong antioxidant properties mainly attributable to the high content of hydroxylated compounds as well as significant anti-acetylcholinesterase activities (IC50 74.64 and 57.31 μg/ml for Chinese accession and fibrante variety, respectively). Furthermore, they showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity of human and mouse neuronal networks, with the fibrante variety, which showed the best activity (MFR, IC50 0.71 and 10.60 μg/ml, respectively). The observed biological activities could be due to a synergic effect between terpenes and phytocannabinoids, although in vivo studies, which clarify the molecular mechanism, are still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Susanna Alloisio
- ETT Spa, Genova, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Garbati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Grassi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis-Research Institute for Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Rovigo, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Becker G, Brusco I, Casoti R, Marchiori MCL, Cruz L, Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. Copaiba oleoresin has topical antinociceptive activity in a UVB radiation-induced skin-burn model in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112476. [PMID: 31838179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Copaiba oleoresin, extracted from Copaifera L., is used as a wound healing, analgesic, antimicrobial and, mainly, anti-inflammatory agent. Thus, in this study we investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical formulation containing Copaiba oleoresin (3%) in a UVB radiation-induced skin burn model (0.75 J/cm2) in mice and performed a cream-formulation stability study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of Copaiba oleoresin was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-MS). The topical antinociceptive (evaluated through mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia) and the anti-inflammatory (dermal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration) effects of treatments were assessed. The cream-formulation stability study was performed after two months, and organoleptic characteristics, pH, spreadability and rheological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Copaiba oleoresin cream was able to prevent UVB radiation-induced mechanical allodynia on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th day after UVB radiation exposure with a maximum inhibition (Imax) of 64.6 ± 7% observed on the 2nd day; it also reduced the thermal hyperalgesia on the 1st and 2nd days post UVB radiation, with a Imax of 100% observed on the 2nd day. Moreover, topical treatment with Copaiba oleoresin cream inhibited the inflammatory cell infiltration, but did not reduce the dermal thickness. Such effects can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of biological components, such as β-caryophyllene and other sesquiterpenes identified by GC-MS. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the topical formulation containing Copaiba oleoresin presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice subjected to a UVB radiation and that the cream-formulation was stable for two months. Thus, use of Copaiba oleoresin is a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammatory pain associated with sunburn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Becker
- Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosana Casoti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marila Crivellaro Lay Marchiori
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parisotto-Peterle J, Bidone J, Lucca LG, Araújo GDMS, Falkembach MC, da Silva Marques M, Horn AP, Dos Santos MK, da Veiga VF, Limberger RP, Teixeira HF, Dora CL, Koester LS. Healing activity of hydrogel containing nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 148:105318. [PMID: 32205230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
β-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene present in the oil of many plant species, such as Copaifera sp., which has been shown to possesses potent anti-inflammatory action; however, its healing activity remains under study. The objectives of the present study were to produce a nanoemulsion containing β-caryophyllene followed by a hydrogel containing nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene, to evaluate the permeation profile in vitro, and to assess the in vivo healing activity, which is so far unexplored in the literature for pure β-caryophyllene and in pharmaceutical formulation. The nanoemulsion was obtained through high-pressure homogenization and the hydrogel by direct dispersion with hydroxyethylcellulose. Both formulations were characterized according to droplet size, polydispersity index, volume-weighted mean diameters, particle distribution, droplets diameters tracking, zeta potential, viscosity and bioadhesion behavior. β-caryophyllene content was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both formulations presented a nanometric droplet size, negative zeta potential, high β-caryophyllene content, and were stable for 60 days. In agreement with the viscosity results, the hydrogel containing the β-caryophyllene nanoemulsion showed superior bioadhesiveness than the nanoemulsion. The skin permeation study in Franz cells demonstrated that isolated β-caryophyllene was unable to cross the stratum corneum and that its nanoemulsification promoted its permeation. On the other hand, in the simulated deeply wounded skin (dermis), no significant differences were observed between the formulations and isolated β-caryophyllene with respect to the amount of marker retention in the dermis, suggesting saturation of this skin layer. For the study of healing activity, the dorsal wound model was performed with an evaluation of the lesion size, anti-inflammatory markers, and antioxidant activity. The initial closure of the wound was achieved sooner in the group treated with the hydrogel containing the β-caryophyllene nanoemulsion, indicating its anti-inflammatory effect. The histological analysis indicated that on day 12 day of the lesion, the hydrogel presented similar results to those of the positive control group (Dersani® oil), proving effectiveness in cutaneous tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parisotto-Peterle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Bidone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Letícia Grolli Lucca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela de Moraes Soares Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana Corrêa Falkembach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Magno da Silva Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Laboratório de Histologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Horn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Laboratório de Histologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Maíra Kerpel Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Valdir Florêncio da Veiga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Renata Pereira Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Helder Ferreira Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiana Lima Dora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Letícia Scherer Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Donatello NN, Emer AA, Salm DC, Ludtke DD, Bordignon SASR, Ferreira JK, Salgado ASI, Venzke D, Bretanha LC, Micke GA, Martins DF. Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation reduces mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of inflammatory and neuropathic pain: The involvement of opioid and cannabinoid receptors. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 340:577145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
38
|
He Y, Galaj E, Bi GH, Wang XF, Gardner E, Xi ZX. β-Caryophyllene, a dietary terpenoid, inhibits nicotine taking and nicotine seeking in rodents. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2058-2072. [PMID: 31883107 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived terpenoid used as a food additive for many decades. Recent studies indicate that BCP is a cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist with medical benefits for a number of human diseases. However, little is known about its therapeutic potential for drug abuse and addiction. EXPERIMENT APPROACH We used pharmacological, transgenic, and optogenetic approaches to systematically evaluate the effects of BCP on nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behaviour in animal models of drug self-administration, electrical, and optical brain-stimulation reward. KEY RESULTS Systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently inhibited nicotine self-administration and motivation for nicotine seeking in rats and mice. The reduction in nicotine self-administration was blocked by AM630, a selective CB2 receptor antagonist, but not by AM251, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, suggesting involvement of a CB2 receptor mechanism. Genetic deletion of CB2 receptors in mice blocked the reduction in nicotine self-administration produced only by low doses, but not by high doses, of BCP, suggesting involvement of both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, in the intracranial self-stimulation paradigm, BCP attenuated electrical brain-stimulation reward and nicotine-enhanced brain-stimulation reward in rats. Lastly, BCP also attenuated brain-stimulation reward maintained by optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area in DAT-cre mice, suggesting the involvement of a dopamine-dependent mechanism in BCP's action. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that BCP has significant anti-nicotine effects via both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms and, therefore, deserves further study as a potential new pharmacotherapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
β-Caryophyllene, a CB2-Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010106. [PMID: 31892132 PMCID: PMC6983198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), therapeutic agents for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), responds poorly to available drugs. Smoked cannabis was reported to relieve HIV-associated neuropathic pain in clinical trials. Some constituents of cannabis (Cannabis sativa) activate cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors. However, activation of the CB1 receptor is associated with side effects such as psychosis and physical dependence. Therefore, we investigated the effect of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a CB2-selective phytocannabinoid, in a model of NRTI-induced neuropathic pain. Female BALB/c mice treated with 2′-3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC, zalcitabine), a NRTI, for 5 days developed mechanical allodynia, which was prevented by cotreatment with BCP, minocycline or pentoxifylline. A CB2 receptor antagonist (AM 630), but not a CB1 receptor antagonist (AM 251), antagonized BCP attenuation of established ddC-induced mechanical allodynia. β-Caryophyllene prevented the ddC-induced increase in cytokine (interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma) transcripts in the paw skin and brain, as well as the phosphorylation level of Erk1/2 in the brain. In conclusion, BCP prevents NRTI-induced mechanical allodynia, possibly via reducing the inflammatory response, and attenuates mechanical allodynia through CB2 receptor activation. Therefore, BCP could be useful for prevention and treatment of antiretroviral-induced neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tian X, Liu H, Xiang F, Xu L, Dong Z. β-Caryophyllene protects against ischemic stroke by promoting polarization of microglia toward M2 phenotype via the TLR4 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 237:116915. [PMID: 31610207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study was to determine whether β-caryophyllene (BCP) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by inhibiting microglial activation and modulating their polarization via the TLR4 pathway. MAIN METHODS Wild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to cerebral I/R injury and neurologic dysfunction, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, microglia activation and polarization, and TLR4 expression were determined. In vitro, primary microglia were stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ or IL-4 to induce polarization of microglia toward M1 or M2 phenotypes. KEY FINDINGS BCP reduced cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, and neurologic deficits in WT mice after I/R. The optimal dose of BCP, 72 mg/kg body weight, inhibited microglial activation and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 by microglia of WT mice. BCP inhibited the level of TLR4 in WT mice, and partially reduced neurologic deficits, infarct volume, and brain edema in TLR4 KO mice. Importantly, BCP reduced the number of activated M1-type microglia and increased the number of M2-type microglia in the ipsilateral cortex of both WT and TLR4 KO mice. In vitro, BCP decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS plus IFN-γ, downregulated the level of TLR4 protein, and polarized microglia towards the M2 phenotype. SIGNIFICANCES The decrease in TLR4 activity mediated, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP and its ability to shift microglia polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yamaguchi M, Levy RM. The combination of catechin, baicalin and β-caryophyllene potentially suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4312-4318. [PMID: 31007758 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the combination of three botanical factors of (+)-catechin, baicalin and β-caryophyllene, which exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, with comparatively lower concentrations of each factor, demonstrating a potent synergistic-suppressive effect on the growth of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and suggesting it may function as a pharmacologic tool for managing inflammatory diseases. The present study was undertaken to determine the suppressive effects of (+)-catechin, baicalin or β-caryophyllene on the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured for 3 days without botanical factors, followed by incubation for 5 h in the presence of either vehicle, (+)-catechin [1 µg/ml (3.45 µM)], baicalin [1 µg/ml (2.24 µM)], or β-caryophyllene [1 µg/ml (5 µM)] with or without LPS (100 ng/ml); this did not have significant effects on the number of RAW264.7 cells. The production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was not altered by the addition of (+)-catechin, baicalin, β-caryophyllene, or the three combined factors in RAW264.7 cells without LPS. LPS treatment caused a marked production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. This enhancement was suppressed by the addition of (+)-catechin, baicalin or β-caryophyllene. Of note, the production of these cytokines was additively suppressed by the combination of the three factors in macrophages. Thus, the combination of (+)-catechin, baicalin and β-caryophyllene was found to reveal a potent suppressive effect on cytokine production in macrophages in vitro. This composition may be a useful tool as a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
| | - Robert M Levy
- Department of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Saldanha AA, Vieira L, Ribeiro RIMDA, Thomé RG, Santos HBD, Silva DB, Carollo CA, Oliveira FMD, Lopes DDO, Siqueira JMD, Soares AC. Chemical composition and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Duguetia furfuracea essential oil: Effect on edema, leukocyte recruitment, tumor necrosis factor alpha production, iNOS expression, and adenosinergic and opioidergic systems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:325-336. [PMID: 30445104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Duguetia furfuracea (A. St. -Hil.) Saff. (Annonaceae) is commonly known in Brazil as "araticum-seco," and its root is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory and painful disorders. However, no studies have been performed to evaluate these therapeutic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigate the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, and elucidate the possible antinociceptive mechanisms of action from the essential oil of D. furfuracea (EODf) underground stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The paw edema induced by LPS, formalin-induced nociception, LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia and rota-rod tests in vivo were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in addition to the alteration on motor coordination. Histological analyses and an immunohistochemistry assay for iNOS were performed on mouse footpads of naive, control, 10 mg/kg EODf, and 10 mg/kg indomethacin (Ind) groups. The samples were removed at 1, 3, and 6 h after subplantar injection of LPS. In addition, the involvement of the adenosinergic, opioidergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems were investigated, in order to elucidate possible antinociceptive mechanisms. RESULTS Twenty-four volatile constituents were detected and identified. (E)-asarone (21.9%), bicyclogermacrene (16.7%), 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene (16.1%), α-gurjunene (15%), cyperene (7.8%), and (E)-caryophyllene (4.6%) were major compounds found in EODf. Oral treatment (p.o.) with EODf (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the paw edema induced by LPS. At 10 mg/kg EODf promoted inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, recruitment of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in paw tissue. EODf (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduced licking time in both phases of the formalin test and it had a significant effect on the LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia model. The administration of caffeine (Caf) and naloxone (Nal) reversed the antinociceptive activity of EODf, in the first phase of the formalin test and in the LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia model. Moreover, Nal was also able to abolish the antinociception caused by EODf, in the second phase of formalin test. In the rota-rod test, EODf-treated animals did not show any alteration of motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EODf underground stem bark produces anti-inflammatory and both central and peripheral antinociceptive effects. Furthermore, the antinociceptive activity of EODf underground stem bark is possibly mediated by adenosinergic and opioidergic pathways, and its properties do not induce effects on motor coordination. These results support the use of the folk medicine, D. furfuracea root, to treat inflammation and painful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Saldanha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacognosia/Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Letícia Vieira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | | | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos (LAPR OTEC), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos (LAPR OTEC), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Débora de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - João Máximo de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia/Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Semprini R, Martorana A, Ragonese M, Motta C. Observational clinical and nerve conduction study on effects of a nutraceutical combination on painful diabetic distal symmetric sensory-motor neuropathy in patients with diabetes type 1 and type 2. Minerva Med 2018; 109:358-362. [PMID: 30338679 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful distal symmetric polyneuropathy (pDSPN) is one of the most common and invalidating complications of diabetes mellitus, both of type 1 and type 2. Mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of the pDSPN are multifactorial and involve metabolic pathways regulating inflammation, microvessel circulation, axonal degeneration and so on. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed to treat pain and each of them showed positive effects associated to drug-related side effects. METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and pDSPN and tried to manage pain with a dietary supplement composed of a mixture of natural extracts (β-caryophyllene, myrrh, carnosic acid) and PEA. This is a nutraceutical with potential multiple effects on metabolic, pain and vascular compartments, a profile considered useful in pDSPN. Patients were enrolled and polyneuropathy evaluated by means of nerve conduction study. Pain was assessed using VAS score scale and MNSI. Each patient was evaluated at T0 (time of enrollment) and at T1 (after 16 weeks of treatment). RESULTS Supplement administration was well tolerated and induced unexpectedly significant amelioration of polyneuropathy with increase amplitude and reduction of pain. No side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS This fixed combination could well be considered as a potential nutraceutical option to manage pDSPN in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Semprini
- Diabetes Center, C. Negro Association of the Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Rome, Italy -
| | | | - Mauro Ragonese
- Diabetes Center, C. Negro Association of the Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Dementia Center, Neurology Clinic, Tor Vergata Polyclinic, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nikaein D, Sharifzadeh A, Khosravi A. Fungicidal versus Fungistatic activity of five Iranian essences against fluconazole resistant Candida species. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2018.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
45
|
Singh AK, Kumar S, Vinayak M. Recent development in antihyperalgesic effect of phytochemicals: anti-inflammatory and neuro-modulatory actions. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:633-654. [PMID: 29767332 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent conditions, limiting productivity and diminishing quality of life. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as pain relievers in present day practice as pain is mostly initiated due to inflammation. However, due to potentially serious side effects, long term use of these antihyperalgesic drugs raises concern. Therefore there is a demand to search novel medicines with least side effects. Herbal products have been used for centuries to reduce pain and inflammation, and phytochemicals are known to cause fewer side effects. However, identification of active phytochemicals of herbal medicines and clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of their action is needed for clinical acceptance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we have briefly discussed the cellular and molecular changes during hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediators and neuro-modulatory action involved therein. The review includes 54 recently reported phytochemicals with antihyperalgesic action, as per the literature available with PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. CONCLUSION Compounds of high interest as potential antihyperalgesic agents are: curcumin, resveratrol, capsaicin, quercetin, eugenol, naringenin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Current knowledge about molecular targets of pain and their regulation by these phytochemicals is elaborated and the scope of further research is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.,Department of Zoology, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Uritu CM, Mihai CT, Stanciu GD, Dodi G, Alexa-Stratulat T, Luca A, Leon-Constantin MM, Stefanescu R, Bild V, Melnic S, Tamba BI. Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:7801543. [PMID: 29854039 PMCID: PMC5964621 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or antinociceptive drugs in traditional therapy is estimated to be about 80% of the world population. The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbal families, incorporates a wide variety of plants with biological and medical applications. In this study, the analgesic activity, possible active compounds of Lamiaceae genus, and also the possible mechanism of actions of these plants are presented. The data highlighted in this review paper provide valuable scientific information for the specific implications of Lamiaceae plants in pain modulation that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future and formulation of commercial therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Uritu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cosmin T. Mihai
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Gianina Dodi
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Andrei Luca
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Stefanescu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Melnic
- Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MD-2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Bogdan I. Tamba
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Satyal P, Chuong NTH, Pham VT, Hung NH, Hien VT, Setzer WN. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Pogostemon auricularius, a Vietnamese Medicinal Plant. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils from the stems, the leaves, and the flowers of Pogostemon auricularius, growing wild in Vietnam, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenoids (62.3–71.0%) and diterpenoids (23.9–27.3%), with β-caryophyllene (20.7–31.5%), α-humulene (8.9–14.1%), and ( E,E)-geranyl linalool (14.0–19.6%) as major components. The abundant concentrations of β-caryophyllene and α-humulene, known analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, likely account for the traditional use of P. auricularius in Vietnam to treat fevers, malaria, and sore throat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 615 St. George Square Court, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Chuong
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Van The Pham
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan Univ., 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hung
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Hien
- Faculty of Hydrometerology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 615 St. George Square Court, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Oliveira GLDS, Machado KC, Machado KC, da Silva APDSC, Feitosa CM, de Castro Almeida FR. Non-clinical toxicity of β -caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid: Absence of adverse effects in female Swiss mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
49
|
Wu W, Liu F, Davis RW. Engineering Escherichia coli for the production of terpene mixture enriched in caryophyllene and caryophyllene alcohol as potential aviation fuel compounds. Metab Eng Commun 2018; 6:13-21. [PMID: 29349039 PMCID: PMC5767561 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that caryophyllene and its stereoisomers not only exhibit multiple biological activities but also have desired properties as renewable candidates for ground transportation and jet fuel applications. This study presents the first significant production of caryophyllene and caryolan-1-ol by an engineered E. coli with heterologous expression of mevalonate pathway genes with a caryophyllene synthase and a caryolan-1-ol synthase. By optimizing metabolic flux and fermentation parameters, the engineered strains yielded 449 mg/L of total terpene, including 406 mg/L sesquiterpene with 100 mg/L caryophyllene and 10 mg/L caryolan-1-ol. Furthermore, a marine microalgae hydrolysate was used as the sole carbon source for the production of caryophyllene and other terpene compounds. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, 360 mg/L of total terpene, 322 mg/L of sesquiterpene, and 75 mg/L caryophyllene were obtained from the pretreated algae hydrolysates. The highest yields achieved on the biomass basis were 48 mg total terpene/g algae and 10 mg caryophyllene/g algae and the caryophyllene yield is approximately ten times higher than that from plant tissues by solvent extraction. The study provides a sustainable alternative for production of caryophyllene and its alcohol from microalgae biomass as potential candidates for next generation aviation fuels. E. coli was engineered to yield terpene enriched in caryophyllene and caryolan-1-ol. Yields were improved through metabolic flux and culture parameters optimization. Algae hydrolysate was converted to terpene at high yields using engineered strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Santos P, Souza LKM, Araújo TSL, Medeiros JVR, Nunes SCC, Carvalho RA, Pais ACC, Veiga FJB, Nunes LC, Figueiras A. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with β-Caryophyllene: Preparation, Characterization, and Improvement of Pharmacological Activities. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:9080-9094. [PMID: 30023600 PMCID: PMC6044968 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a sesquiterpene that shows high potential in pharmacological applications. However, these have been drastically limited by the respective volatility and poor water solubility. The present study investigates the formation of inclusion complexes between BCP and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and shows that these complexes promote a significant improvement of the anti-inflammatory, gastric protection, and antioxidant activities relative to neat BCP. It is shown that the solubility of BCP is significantly increased through complexation in phase solubility studies. Inclusion complexes with MβCD in solid state were prepared by three different methods, kneading, rotary evaporation, and lyophilization, with the latter confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics studies. This study provides for the first time a full characterization of inclusion complexes between BCP and MβCD and highlights the impact of complex formation upon pharmacological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline
S. Santos
- Postgraduate
Program of Northeast Biotechnology Network, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luan K. M. Souza
- Northeast
Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, 64202-020, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Thiago S. L. Araújo
- Northeast
Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, 64202-020, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes R. Medeiros
- Northeast
Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, 64202-020, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Sandra C. C. Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, CQC, Department of Biochemistry, NMR Spectroscopy
Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, and REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, CQC, Department of Biochemistry, NMR Spectroscopy
Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, and REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto C. C. Pais
- Department of Chemistry, CQC, Department of Biochemistry, NMR Spectroscopy
Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, and REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. B. Veiga
- Department of Chemistry, CQC, Department of Biochemistry, NMR Spectroscopy
Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, and REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lívio C.
C. Nunes
- Postgraduate
Program of Northeast Biotechnology Network, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Department of Chemistry, CQC, Department of Biochemistry, NMR Spectroscopy
Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, and REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|