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Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. A review of point-of-care (POC) and lab-on-chip (LOC) approaches in molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for biomedical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2025; 1357:344080. [PMID: 40316385 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2025.344080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In terms of analytical applications, researchers aim to design and develop sensitive, selective, and effective sensors that can be used for diagnostic purposes and disease monitoring. Point-of-care (POC) and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems stand out as transformative systems that meet expectations and achieve goals from both perspectives. POC devices produce reliable results quickly, facilitating patient-friendly diagnostics. LOC technology, a combination of biosensors, electronics, optics, and microfluidics, directly reflects the progress in downsizing analytical techniques. RESULTS Electrochemical sensors have a lot of potential for use in POC and LOC systems because of their high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, low detection limits, downsizing possibilities, affordability, and ease of use. Because of their enhanced chemical and physical stability and their chemically modifiable micro- and nanoscale characteristics, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are particularly interesting for use as recognition components in POC and LOC applications. MIP-based sensors have great promise in being integrated with POC and LOC devices for application in biomedical analysis. SIGNIFICANCE This review study discusses thoroughly how MIP-based electrochemical sensors can support the expanding field of POC/LOC diagnostics through these cutting-edge technologies. The novelty of this review study is that it specifically addresses the integration of electrochemical MIP sensors into both POC and LOC systems in terms of biomedical applications. It focuses only on the potential of MIP-based electrochemical sensors and brings together studies integrated into POC and LOC platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye.
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2
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Sukjee W, Sirisangsawang P, Thepparit C, Auewarakul P, Puttasakul T, Sangma C. MIP-based electrochemical sensor with machine learning for accurate ZIKV detection in protein- and glucose-rich urine. Anal Biochem 2025; 702:115854. [PMID: 40154826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2025.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Nowadays, a multitude of biosensors are being developed worldwide. However, a significant challenge arises when these biosensors are tested in real sample environments, as many of them fail to perform as expected. This can lead to ambiguous results and raise concerns about their reliability. In many cases, further data analysis is required to enhance the clarity and meaningfulness of the outputs. In this study, we investigated the acrylamide-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer for fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymers, aimed at developing electrochemical sensors for the direct detection Zika virus in urine. Here, Zika virus detection by the biosensor in three types of urine possibly found in clinical samples including normal, high glucose (glucose >540 mg/dL) and high protein urines (protein >100 mg/dL). The results show that the signal obtained from normal urine increased with virus concentration, while it decreased in urine with high glucose or high protein level. Support vector machine was introduced to unify two opposite trends and resolve ambiguity of the data. It was able to sift through the noise and extract valuable information, thereby improving the reliability and achieved 91 % accuracy in detecting the analyte spiked into real patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Sukjee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food, and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Advanced Porous Materials for One Health Integrations (APM Unit), Special Research Incubator Unit, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pichai Sirisangsawang
- Science Equipment Center, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutima Thepparit
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tasawan Puttasakul
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand.
| | - Chak Sangma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food, and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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3
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Yigci D, Ergönül Ö, Tasoglu S. Mpox diagnosis at POC. Trends Biotechnol 2025:S0167-7799(25)00160-X. [PMID: 40393854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
The increasing number of Monkeypox (Mpox) cases in non-endemic countries resulted in the WHO declaring a public health emergency of international concern. Accurate and timely diagnosis of Mpox has a critical role in containing the spread of infection. Diagnosis currently relies on PCR, which requires trained personnel and complex laboratory infrastructure. Thus, the development of point-of-care (POC) tools are essential to facilitate rapid, accurate, and user-friendly diagnosis. Here, we review POC diagnostic tools available for Mpox. We also discuss bottlenecks preventing the widespread implementation of POC platforms for Mpox diagnosis and potential strategies to address these limitations. Furthermore, we describe future directions, including the role of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-based models and the integration of integrated field-deployable platforms for Mpox diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Yigci
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Önder Ergönül
- Koç University İşbank Center for Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, 34010, Türkiye; Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34010, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye; Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye; Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 34684, Türkiye; Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye.
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4
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Tlili A, Attia G, Khaoulani S, Zerrouki C, Yaakoubi N, Othmane A, Fourati N. Rethinking the use of redox probes for the detection of electroactive proteins with electrochemical sensors modified with molecularly imprinted polymers. Biosens Bioelectron 2025; 271:117105. [PMID: 39736244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate that redox couples, regardless of their electrical charges, are unnecessary for detecting and quantifying electroactive proteins using an electrochemical sensor functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymer. Our approach involved designing a polydopamine imprinted biosensor for detecting bovine serum albumin as the model protein. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) and solutions containing the negatively charged hexacyanoferrate, the neutral ferrocene, or the positively charged hexaammineruthenium (III) probes. The dissociation constants Kd (in mg.mL-1), estimated from an extended Langmuir/one-site model, were of order of (1.0 ± 0.5)×10-8, (4.4 ± 2.1)×10-2, (7.6 ± 5.1)×10-4 and in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4, Fe(C5H5)2, [RuN6H18]+3 respectively, and (8.7 ± 5.9)×10-11 in PBS. The non-use of probes, therefore, enhances the interaction between the analytes and the imprints. To understand the origin of this finding, we investigated ultraviolet and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies. Results indicated that redox probes could alter the proteins' intrinsic properties and adsorb to the polydopamine polymeric matrix, thus reducing the specific interactions between the protein and the imprints. To confirm the feasibility of electrochemical quantification of electroactive proteins in PBS, we designed three polydopamine-imprinted biosensors for detecting human serum albumin, prostate-specific antigen, and immunoglobulin G. Results validated the potential for quantifying electroactive proteins in PBS without adding any probe. This pioneering study was carried out with dopamine, which is taken here as a typical example of a functional monomer. It paves the way towards the detection of electroactive proteins without adding any redox couple of any nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Tlili
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, LIMA Laboratory, Av. Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Cnam, SATIE Laboratory, UMR, CNRS 8029, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Ghada Attia
- Cnam, SATIE Laboratory, UMR, CNRS 8029, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Sohayb Khaoulani
- Cnam, SATIE Laboratory, UMR, CNRS 8029, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Chouki Zerrouki
- Cnam, SATIE Laboratory, UMR, CNRS 8029, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Nourdin Yaakoubi
- Le Mans University, LAUM Laboratory, UMR, CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Ali Othmane
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, LIMA Laboratory, Av. Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Najla Fourati
- Cnam, SATIE Laboratory, UMR, CNRS 8029, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003, Paris, France.
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Ferreira C, Barry F, Todorović M, Sugrue P, Teixeira SR, Galvin P. PULSE: A Fast Portable Unit for Lab-on-Site Electrochemistry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:762. [PMID: 39943400 PMCID: PMC11821002 DOI: 10.3390/s25030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a novel fast-detection electrochemical sensing platform to enhance portable electrochemical sensor solutions. The research focuses on optimising analogue front-end circuits, developing data analysis algorithms, and validating the device through experiments to enhance measurement accuracy and detection speed, enabling on-site measurements across diverse applications. This work successfully designed a Portable Unit for Lab-on-Site Electrochemistry (PULSE) system with dimensions of (78×100×2) mm3. The device's implementation was complemented by robust firmware that performed desired electrochemical measurements, including open circuit potentiometry (OCP), chronoamperometry (CA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). To assess its reliability, the PULSE was benchmarked against a well-established benchtop potentiostat. The results obtained highlight the system's rapid sensing capabilities, achieving pH detection in 2 s and performing CA in 20 s. The pH calibration curve exhibited Nernstian behaviour with an accuracy of 97.58%. A correlation analysis comparing the calibration curve datasets across all electrochemical techniques from both systems revealed high correlation coefficients (>0.99), confirming the strong agreement between the two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ferreira
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (F.B.); (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.R.T.); (P.G.)
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Martins BR, Andrade CMR, Simão GF, de Paula Martins R, de Faria LV, Matias TA, Júnior VR, Munoz RAA, Alves RP. Electrochemical Immunosensors on Laser-Induced Graphene Platforms for Monitoring of Anti-RBD Antibodies After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:514. [PMID: 39589973 PMCID: PMC11591629 DOI: 10.3390/bios14110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a major challenge to global health. The development of fast, accurate, and accessible diagnostic methods is essential in controlling the disease and mitigating its impacts. In this context, electrochemical biosensors present themselves as promising tools for the efficient monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have developed a highly specific biosensor for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patient sera. The use of the RBD-S region as an antigen, although purified to minimize cross-linking, poses a specific challenge. The structural similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, as well as the complexity of the serum matrix, hinders robust analytical strategies to ensure diagnostic accuracy. This work presents a novel immunosensor for COVID-19 diagnosis using laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes subjected to electrochemical reduction with graphene (named rGraphene-LIG). In the present study, we chose an initial approach focused on demonstrating the concept and evaluating the feasibility of the rGraphene-LIG sensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The rGraphene-LIG electrodes presented a notable current increase for the redox probe in the aqueous solution of a mixture of 5 mmol L-1 potassium ferricyanide/ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-) in 0.1 mol L-1 KCl (pH set at 7.4). As a proof of concept, the rGraphene-LIG electrode was applied for antibody determination in real samples using cyclic voltammetry, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.032 μg L-1 was achieved. When determining antigens in commercial samples, we obtained an LOD of 560 ηg mL-1 and a limit of quantification of 1677 ηg mL-1. The results of the electrochemical experiments were in accordance with the surface roughness obtained from atomic force microscopy images. Based on these results, the rGraphene-LIG electrode is shown to be an excellent platform for immunoglobulin detection when present in individuals after antigenic exposure caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz R. Martins
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (C.M.R.A.); (G.F.S.); (R.d.P.M.); (V.R.J.)
- INCT-Neuroimmune Modulation, Uberaba 38025-350, Brazil
- Institute of Chemitry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Cristhianne Molinero R. Andrade
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (C.M.R.A.); (G.F.S.); (R.d.P.M.); (V.R.J.)
- INCT-Neuroimmune Modulation, Uberaba 38025-350, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. Simão
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (C.M.R.A.); (G.F.S.); (R.d.P.M.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Rhéltheer de Paula Martins
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (C.M.R.A.); (G.F.S.); (R.d.P.M.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Lucas V. de Faria
- Institute of Chemitry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Tiago A. Matias
- Institute of Chemitry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (C.M.R.A.); (G.F.S.); (R.d.P.M.); (V.R.J.)
- INCT-Neuroimmune Modulation, Uberaba 38025-350, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Pereira Alves
- Institute of Agricultural, Exact and Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Iturama 38280-000, Brazil
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7
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Adeniyi K, Oyinlola K, Achadu OJ, Menard H, Grillo F, Yang Z, Adegoke O. Molecularly Imprinted Viral Protein Integrated Zn-Cu-In-Se-P Quantum Dots Superlattice for Quantitative Ratiometric Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Saliva. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:17630-17647. [PMID: 39144398 PMCID: PMC11320384 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for the development of rapid and low-cost, next-generation quantum-sensing diagnostic systems. In this study, we report on the synthesis of multinary Zn-Cu-In-Se-P (ZCISeP) QDs and the application of the QDs-modified electrode (QDs/SPCE) as a solid superlattice transducer interface for the ratiometric electrochemical detection of the SARS-CoV-2-S1 protein in saliva. The ZCISeP QDs were synthesized through the formation of In(Zn)PSe QDs from InP QDs, followed by the incorporation of Cu cations into the crystal lattice via cation exchange processes. A viral-protein-imprinted polymer film was deposited onto the QDs/SPCE for the specific binding of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular imprinting of the virus protein was achieved using a surface imprinting electropolymerization strategy to create the MIP@QDs/SPCE nanosensor. Characterization through spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques confirmed the structural properties and electronic-band state of the ZCISeP QDs. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the QDs/SPCE superlattice confirmed efficient electron transport properties and revealed an intraband gap energy state with redox peaks attributed to the Cu1+/2+ defects. Binding of SARS-CoV-2-S1 to the MIP@QDs/SPCE cavities induced a gating effect that modulated the Fe(CN)6 3-/4- and Cu1+/2+ redox processes at the nanosensor interface, producing dual off/on ratiometric electrical current signals. Under optimal assay conditions, the nanosensor exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.001-100 pg/mL) and a low detection limit (0.34 pg/mL, 4.6 fM) for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2-S1 in saliva. The MIP@QDs/SPCE nanosensor demonstrated excellent selectivity against nonspecific protein targets, and the integration with a smartphone-based potentiostat confirmed the potential for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode
Omotayo Adeniyi
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4GH, U.K.
| | - Kayode Oyinlola
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4GH, U.K.
| | - Ojodomo J. Achadu
- School
of Health and Life Sciences, and National Horizon Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, U.K.
| | - Herve Menard
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4GH, U.K.
| | - Federico Grillo
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School
of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
| | - Oluwasesan Adegoke
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4GH, U.K.
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8
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Yarman A. Effect of Various Carbon Electrodes on MIP-Based Sensing Proteins Using Poly(Scopoletin): A Case Study of Ferritin. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:426. [PMID: 39056867 PMCID: PMC11274590 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity in the sub-nanomolar concentration region is required to determine important protein biomarkers, e.g., ferritin. As a prerequisite for high sensitivity, in this paper, the affinity of the functional monomer to the macromolecular target ferritin in solution was compared with the value for the respective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrodes, and the influence of various surface modifications of the electrode was investigated. The analytical performance of ferritin sensing was investigated using three different carbon electrodes (screen-printed carbon electrodes, single-walled-carbon-nanotube-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes, and glassy carbon electrodes) covered with a scopoletin-based MIP layer. Regardless of the electrode type, the template molecule ferritin was mixed with the functional monomer scopoletin, and electropolymerization was conducted using multistep amperometry. All stages of MIP preparation were followed by evaluating the diffusional permeability of the redox marker ferricyanide/ferrocyanide through the polymer layer by differential pulse voltammetry. The best results were obtained with glassy carbon electrodes. The MIP sensor responded up to 0.5 µM linearly with a Kd of 0.30 µM. Similar results were also obtained in solution upon the interaction of scopoletin and ferritin using fluorescence spectroscopy, resulting in the quenching of the scopoletin signal, with a calculated Kd of 0.81 µM. Moreover, the binding of 1 µM ferritin led to 49.6% suppression, whereas human serum albumin caused 8.6% suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Istanbul 34820, Türkiye
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Yang JC, Shin N, Lim SJ, Cho CH, Hazarika D, Park JP, Park J. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based extended-gate field-effect transistor chemosensors for selective determination of antiepileptic drug. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:400. [PMID: 38879615 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films were deposited on the surfaces of ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) and nanosheets (ZNSs) by electropolymerization to afford extended-gate field-effect transistor sensors for detecting phenytoin (PHT) in plasma. Molecular imprinting efficiency was optimized by controlling the contents of functional monomers and the template in the precursor solution. PHT sensing was performed in plasma solutions with various concentrations by monitoring the drain current as a function of drain voltage under an applied gate voltage of 1.5 V. The reliability and reproducibility of the fabricated sensors were evaluated through a solution treatment process for complete PHT removal and PHT adsorption-removal cycling, while selectivity was examined by analyzing responses to chemicals with structures analogous to that of PHT. Compared with the ZNS/extracted-MIP sensor and sensors with non-imprinted polymer (NIP) films, the ZNR/extracted-MIP sensor showed superior responses to PHT-containing plasma due to selective PHT adsorption, achieving an imprinting factor of 4.23, detection limit of 12.9 ng/mL, quantitation limit of 53.0 ng/mL, and selectivity coefficients of 3-4 (against tramadol) and ~ 5 (against diphenhydramine). Therefore, we believe that the MIP-based ZNR sensing platform is promising for the practical detection of PHT and other drugs and evaluation of their proper dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chul Yang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Lim
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwan Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepshikha Hazarika
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Hosnedlova B, Werle J, Cepova J, Narayanan VHB, Vyslouzilova L, Fernandez C, Parikesit AA, Kepinska M, Klapkova E, Kotaska K, Stepankova O, Bjorklund G, Prusa R, Kizek R. Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Identification of Viruses: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38753964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforementioned electrochemical methods have considerable potential to be applicable for care-point use as they are portable due to their miniaturizability and fast speed analysis (minutes to hours), and are relatively easy to interpret. A total of 2011 articles were found, of which 86 original papers were subsequently evaluated (the majority of which are focused on human pathogens, whereas articles dealing with plant pathogens are in the minority). Thirty-two species of viruses were included in the evaluation. It was found that most of the examined research studies (77%) used nanotechnological modifications. Other ones performed immunological (52%) or genetic analyses (43%) for virus detection. 5% of the reports used peptides to increase the method's sensitivity. When evaluable, 65% of the research studies had LOD values in the order of ng or nM. The vast majority (79%) of the studies represent proof of concept and possibilities with low application potential and a high need of further research experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Werle
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cepova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Lab, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arli Aditya Parikesit
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Timur, Indonesia
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eva Klapkova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kotaska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjorklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Drobysh M, Ratautaite V, Brazys E, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Molecularly imprinted composite-based biosensor for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116043. [PMID: 38368643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This article aims to present a comparative study of three polypyrrole-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) systems for the detection of the recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (rN). The rN is known for its relatively low propensity to mutate compared to other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The aforementioned systems include screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with gold nanostructures (MIP1), platinum nanostructures (MIP2), and the unmodified SPCE (MIP3), which was used for control. Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) was employed as the detection technique, offering the advantage of label-free detection without the need for an additional redox probe. Calibration curves were constructed using the obtained data to evaluate the response of each system. Non-imprinted systems were also tested in parallel to evaluate the contribution of non-specific binding and assess the affinity sensor's efficiency. The analysis of calibration curves revealed that the AuNS-based MIP1 system exhibited the lowest contribution of non-specific binding and displayed a better fit with the chosen fitting model compared to the other systems. Further analysis of this system included determining the limit of detection (LOD) (51.2 ± 2.8 pg/mL), the limit of quantification (LOQ) (153.9 ± 8.3 pg/mL), and a specificity test using a recombinant receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a control. Based on the results, the AuNS-based MIP1 system demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. The utilization of PAD without the need for additional redox probes makes this sensing system convenient and valuable for rapid and accurate virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Brazys
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania.
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12
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Valerio TL, Anastácio R, da Silva SS, de Oliveira CC, Vidotti M. An overview of electrochemical biosensors used for COVID-19 detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2164-2176. [PMID: 38536084 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This short review presents the latest advances in the field of electrochemical biosensors, focusing particularly on impedimetric biosensors for the direct measurement of analytes. As a source of study we have chosen to describe these advances in the latest global health crisis originated from the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this period, the necessity for swift and precise detection methods has grown rapidly due to an imminent need for the development of an analytical method to identify and isolate infected patients as an attempt to control the spreading of the disease. Traditional approaches such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were extensively used during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but their drawbacks, including slow response time, became evident. In this context, the potential of electrochemical biosensors as an alternative for COVID-19 detection was emphasized. These biosensors merge electrochemical technology with bioreceptors, offering benefits such as rapidity, accuracy, portability, and real-time result provision. Additionally, we present instances of electrochemical biosensors modified with conductive polymers, eliminating the necessity for an electrochemical probe. The adaptability of the developed materials and devices facilitated the prompt production of electrochemical biosensors during the pandemic, creating opportunities for broader applications in infectious disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Lima Valerio
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Anastácio
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Stella Schuster da Silva
- Laboratório de Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas (LCIN) e Laboratório de Investigação de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados (LIPS), Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas (LCIN) e Laboratório de Investigação de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados (LIPS), Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Vidotti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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13
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Zhang X, Yarman A, Kovács N, Bognár Z, Gyurcsányi RE, Bier FF, Scheller FW. Specific features of epitope-MIPs and whole-protein MIPs as illustrated for AFP and RBD of SARS-CoV-2. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:242. [PMID: 38573524 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanofilms for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 using either a peptide (epitope-MIP) or the whole protein (protein-MIP) as the template were prepared by electropolymerization of scopoletin. Conducting atomic force microscopy revealed after template removal and electrochemical deposition of gold a larger surface density of imprinted cavities for the epitope-imprinted polymers than when using the whole protein as template. However, comparable affinities towards the respective target protein (AFP and RBD) were obtained for both types of MIPs as expressed by the KD values in the lower nanomolar range. On the other hand, while the cross reactivity of both protein-MIPs towards human serum albumin (HSA) amounts to around 50% in the saturation region, the nonspecific binding to the respective epitope-MIPs is as low as that for the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). This effect might be caused by the different sizes of the imprinted cavities. Thus, in addition to the lower costs the reduced nonspecific binding is an advantage of epitope-imprinted polymers for the recognition of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad. Beykoz, Istanbul, 34820, Turkey
| | - Norbert Kovács
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bognár
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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14
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López L, Lozano K, Cruz J, Flores K, Fernández-Vega L, Cunci L. Measurement of neuropeptide Y with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole on carbon fiber microelectrodes. Neuropeptides 2024; 104:102413. [PMID: 38335798 PMCID: PMC10940184 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The measurement of neuropeptides using small electrodes for high spatial resolution would provide us with localized information on the release of neuromolecules. The release of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is related to different neurological diseases such as stress, obesity, and PTSD, among others. In this conference paper, we electrodeposited polypyrrole on carbon fiber microelectrodes in the presence of NPY to develop a molecularly imprinted polypyrrole sensitive to NPY. Optimization of the electrodeposition process resulted in the full coverage of the polymer with nucleation sites on the carbon fiber ridges, achieving completion by the seventh cycle. Electrodeposition was performed for five cycles, and using cyclic voltammetry (CV), we studied the change in the oxidation current peak for polypyrrole due to the presence of NPY. We also observed a change in capacitance due to the presence of NPY, which was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A linear correlation was found between the oxidation peak and the concentration of NPY between 50 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL. In addition, a linear correlation was also found between microelectrode capacitance and the concentration of NPY between 50 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL at 100 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, PR 00931, United States
| | - Kelly Lozano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, PR 00778, United States
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, PR 00931, United States
| | - Krystal Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, PR 00778, United States
| | - Lauren Fernández-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, PR 00778, United States
| | - Lisandro Cunci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, PR 00931, United States.
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15
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Agarwal S, Srivastava R, Kumar S, Prajapati YK. COVID-19 Detection Using Contemporary Biosensors and Machine Learning Approach: A Review. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:291-299. [PMID: 38090858 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2023.3342126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
The current global pandemic not only claims countless human lives but also rocks the economies of every country on the planet. This fact needs the development of novel, productive, and efficient techniques to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review article discusses the current state of SARS-CoV-2 virus detection methods such as electrochemical, fluorescent, and electronic, etc., as well as the potential of optical sensors with a wide range of novel approaches and models. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of various detection methods by comparing the various techniques in depth. In addition, there is a brief discussion of the futuristic approach combining optical sensors with machine learning algorithms. It is believed that this study would prove to be critical for the scientific community to explore solutions for detecting viruses with improved functionality.
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16
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Ganesh PS, Elugoke SE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ebenso EE. Smart and emerging point of care electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection: Towards designing a future rapid diagnostic tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141269. [PMID: 38307334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers from all over the world have become interested in the fabrication of advanced and innovative electrochemical and/or biosensors for respiratory virus detection with the use of nanotechnology. These fabricated sensors demonstrated a number of benefits, including precision, affordability, accessibility, and miniaturization which makes them a promising test method for point-of-care (PoC) screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In order to comprehend the principles of electrochemical sensing and the role of various types of sensing interfaces, we comprehensively explored the underlying principles of electroanalytical methods and terminologies related to it in this review. In addition, it is addressed how to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices incorporating nanomaterials as graphene, metal/metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, quantum dots, and polymers. We took an effort to carefully compile current developments, advantages, drawbacks, possible solutions in nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saheed Eluwale Elugoke
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Seok-Han Lee
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
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17
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Patra S, Pareek D, Gupta PS, Wasnik K, Singh G, Yadav DD, Mastai Y, Paik P. Progress in Treatment and Diagnostics of Infectious Disease with Polymers. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:287-316. [PMID: 38237146 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In this era of advanced technology and innovation, infectious diseases still cause significant morbidity and mortality, which need to be addressed. Despite overwhelming success in the development of vaccines, transmittable diseases such as tuberculosis and AIDS remain unprotected, and the treatment is challenging due to frequent mutations of the pathogens. Formulations of new or existing drugs with polymeric materials have been explored as a promising new approach. Variations in shape, size, surface charge, internal morphology, and functionalization position polymer particles as a revolutionary material in healthcare. Here, an overview is provided of major diseases along with statistics on infection and death rates, focusing on polymer-based treatments and modes of action. Key issues are discussed in this review pertaining to current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
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18
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Ayankojo AG, Reut J, Syritski V. Electrochemically Synthesized MIP Sensors: Applications in Healthcare Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:71. [PMID: 38391990 PMCID: PMC10886925 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Early-stage detection and diagnosis of diseases is essential to the prompt commencement of treatment regimens, curbing the spread of the disease, and improving human health. Thus, the accurate detection of disease biomarkers through the development of robust, sensitive, and selective diagnostic tools has remained cutting-edge scientific research for decades. Due to their merits of being selective, stable, simple, and having a low preparation cost, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are increasingly becoming artificial substitutes for natural receptors in the design of state-of-the-art sensing devices. While there are different MIP preparation approaches, electrochemical synthesis presents a unique and outstanding method for chemical sensing applications, allowing the direct formation of the polymer on the transducer as well as simplicity in tuning the film properties, thus accelerating the trend in the design of commercial MIP-based sensors. This review evaluates recent achievements in the applications of electrosynthesized MIP sensors for clinical analysis of disease biomarkers, identifying major trends and highlighting interesting perspectives on the realization of commercial MIP-endowed testing devices for rapid determination of prevailing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vitali Syritski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (A.G.A.); (J.R.)
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19
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de Araujo WR, Lukas H, Torres MDT, Gao W, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1757-1777. [PMID: 38189684 PMCID: PMC11537281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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20
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Kim YJ, Min J. Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38206526 PMCID: PMC10784265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented threat of the highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes exponentially increased infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlights the weak spots of the current diagnostic toolbox. In the midst of catastrophe, nanobiosensors offer a new opportunity as an alternative tool to fill a gap among molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serological tests. Nanobiosensors surpass the potential of antigen tests because of their enhanced sensitivity, thus enabling us to see antigens as stable and easy-to-access targets. During the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial number of studies have reported nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The number of articles on nanobiosensors and SARS-CoV-2 exceeds the amount of nanobiosensor research on detecting previous infectious diseases, from influenza to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This unprecedented publishing pace also implies the significance of SARS-CoV-2 and the present pandemic. In this review, 158 studies reporting nanobiosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens are collected to discuss the current challenges of nanobiosensors using the criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics along with COVID-specific issues. These advances and lessons during the pandemic pave the way for preparing for the post-COVID era and potential upcoming infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Zhang X, Yarman A, Bagheri M, El-Sherbiny IM, Hassan RYA, Kurbanoglu S, Waffo AFT, Zebger I, Karabulut TC, Bier FF, Lieberzeit P, Scheller FW. Imprinted Polymers on the Route to Plastibodies for Biomacromolecules (MIPs), Viruses (VIPs), and Cells (CIPs). ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:107-148. [PMID: 37884758 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Around 30% of the scientific papers published on imprinted polymers describe the recognition of proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and cells. The straightforward synthesis from only one up to six functional monomers and the simple integration into a sensor are significant advantages as compared with enzymes or antibodies. Furthermore, they can be synthesized against toxic substances and structures of low immunogenicity and allow multi-analyte measurements via multi-template synthesis. The affinity is sufficiently high for protein biomarkers, DNA, viruses, and cells. However, the cross-reactivity of highly abundant proteins is still a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahdien Bagheri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank F Bier
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Lieberzeit
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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22
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Qiu G, Zhang X, deMello AJ, Yao M, Cao J, Wang J. On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8531-8579. [PMID: 37882143 PMCID: PMC10712221 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Human-infecting pathogens that transmit through the air pose a significant threat to public health. As a prominent instance, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in an unprecedented manner over the past few years. Despite the dissipating pandemic gloom, the lessons we have learned in dealing with pathogen-laden aerosols should be thoroughly reviewed because the airborne transmission risk may have been grossly underestimated. From a bioanalytical chemistry perspective, on-site airborne pathogen detection can be an effective non-pharmaceutic intervention (NPI) strategy, with on-site airborne pathogen detection and early-stage infection risk evaluation reducing the spread of disease and enabling life-saving decisions to be made. In light of this, we summarize the recent advances in highly efficient pathogen-laden aerosol sampling approaches, bioanalytical sensing technologies, and the prospects for airborne pathogen exposure measurement and evidence-based transmission interventions. We also discuss open challenges facing general bioaerosols detection, such as handling complex aerosol samples, improving sensitivity for airborne pathogen quantification, and establishing a risk assessment system with high spatiotemporal resolution for mitigating airborne transmission risks. This review provides a multidisciplinary outlook for future opportunities to improve the on-site airborne pathogen detection techniques, thereby enhancing the preparedness for more on-site bioaerosols measurement scenarios, such as monitoring high-risk pathogens on airplanes, weaponized pathogen aerosols, influenza variants at the workplace, and pollutant correlated with sick building syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg1, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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23
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du Plooy J, Kock B, Jahed N, Iwuoha E, Pokpas K. Carbon Nanostructured Immunosensing of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein Antibodies. Molecules 2023; 28:8022. [PMID: 38138513 PMCID: PMC10745885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rampant spread and death rate of the recent coronavirus pandemic related to the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus have underscored the critical need for affordable, portable virus diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings. Moreover, efficient and timely monitoring of vaccine efficacy is needed to prevent future widespread infections. Electrochemical immunosensing poses an effective alternative to conventional molecular spectroscopic approaches, offering rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and portable electroanalysis of disease biomarkers and antibodies; however, efforts to improve binding efficiency and sensitivity are still being investigated. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in particular have shown promise in improving device sensitivity. This study reports the development of a GQD-functionalized point-of-contamination device leveraging the selective interactions between SARS-CoV-2-specific Spike (S) Protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antigens and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific S-protein antibodies at screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surfaces. The immunocomplexes formed at the GQD surfaces result in the interruption of the redox reactions that take place in the presence of a redox probe, decreasing the current response. Increased active surface area, conductivity, and binding via EDC/NHS chemistry were achieved due to the nanomaterial inclusion, with 5 nm, blue luminescent GQDs offering the best results. GQD concentration, EDC/NHS ratio, and RBD S-protein incubation time and concentration were optimized for the biosensor, and inter- and intra-screen-printed carbon electrode detection was investigated by calibration studies on multiple and single electrodes. The single electrode used for the entire calibration provided the best results. The label-free immunosensor was able to selectively detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies between 0.5 and 100 ng/mL in the presence of IgM and other coronavirus antibodies with an excellent regression of 0.9599. A LOD of 2.028 ng/mL was found, offering comparable findings to the literature-reported values. The detection sensitivity of the sensor is further compared to non-specific IgM antibodies. The developed GQD immunosensor was compared to other low-oxygen content carbon nanomaterials, namely (i) carbon quantum dot (CQD), (ii) electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, and (iii) carbon black-functionalized devices. The findings suggest that improved electron transfer kinetics and increased active surface area of the CNs, along with surface oxygen content, aid in the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. The novel immunosensor suggests a possible application toward monitoring of IgG antibody production in SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated patients to study immune responses, vaccine efficacy, and lifetime to meet the demands for POC analysis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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24
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Park R, Jeon S, Lee JW, Jeong J, Kwon YW, Kim SH, Jang J, Han DW, Hong SW. Mobile Point-of-Care Device Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Chemosensors Targeting Interleukin-1β Biomarker. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1013. [PMID: 38131773 PMCID: PMC10741793 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have garnered significant attention as a promising material for engineering specific biological receptors with superior chemical complementarity to target molecules. In this study, we present an electrochemical biosensing platform incorporating MIP films for the selective detection of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) biomarker, particularly suitable for mobile point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. The IL-1β-imprinted biosensors were composed of poly(eriochrome black T (EBT)), including an interlayer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) and a 4-aminothiophenol monolayer, which were electrochemically polymerized simultaneously with template proteins (i.e., IL-1β) on custom flexible screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The architecture of the MIP films was designed to enhance the sensor sensitivity and signal stability. This approach involved a straightforward sequential-electropolymerization process and extraction for leaving behind cavities (i.e., rebinding sites), resulting in the efficient production of MIP-based biosensors capable of molecular recognition for selective IL-1β detection. The electrochemical behaviors were comprehensively investigated using cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy responses to assess the imprinting effect on the MIP films formed on the SPCEs. In line with the current trend in in vitro diagnostic medical devices, our simple and effective MIP-based analytical system integrated with mobile POCT devices offers a promising route to the rapid detection of biomarkers, with particular potential for periodontitis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowoon Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwa Jeong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kwon
- Engineering Research Center for Color Modulation Extrasensory Cognitive Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Engineering Research Center for Color Modulation Extrasensory Cognitive Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Research Center for Color Modulation Extrasensory Cognitive Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (S.H.K.)
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25
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Fan T, Li C, Liu X, Xu H, Li W, Wang M, Mei X, Li D. Development of practical techniques for simultaneous detection and distinction of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1839-1856. [PMID: 37517003 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Countless individuals have fallen victim to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have generated antibodies, reducing the risk of secondary infection in the short term. However, with the emergence of mutated strains, the probability of subsequent infections remains high. Consequently, the demand for simple and accessible methods for distinguishing between different variants is soaring. Although monitoring viral gene sequencing is an effective approach for differentiating between various types of SARS-CoV-2 variants, it may not be easily accessible to the general public. In this article, we provide an overview of the reported techniques that use combined approaches and adaptable testing methods that use editable recognition receptors for simultaneous detection and distinction of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These techniques employ straightforward detection strategies, including tests capable of simultaneously identifying and differentiating between different variants. Furthermore, we recommend advancing the development of uncomplicated protocols for distinguishing between current and emerging variants. Additionally, we propose further development of facile protocols for the differentiation of existing and emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuocen Fan
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Hongda Xu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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26
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Cabaleiro-Lago C, Hasterok S, Gjörloff Wingren A, Tassidis H. Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Disease-Related Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4199. [PMID: 37959879 PMCID: PMC10649583 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the imprinting technique provide polymeric material with recognition elements similar to natural antibodies. The template of choice (i.e., the antigen) can be almost any type of smaller or larger molecule, protein, or even tissue. There are various formats of MIPs developed for different medical purposes, such as targeting, imaging, assay diagnostics, and biomarker detection. Biologically applied MIPs are widely used and currently developed for medical applications, and targeting the antigen with MIPs can also help in personalized medicine. The synthetic recognition sites of the MIPs can be tailor-made to function as analytics, diagnostics, and drug delivery systems. This review will cover the promising clinical applications of different MIP systems recently developed for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Cabaleiro-Lago
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, 291 39 Kristianstad, Sweden; (C.C.-L.); (H.T.)
| | - Sylwia Hasterok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden;
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anette Gjörloff Wingren
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, 291 39 Kristianstad, Sweden; (C.C.-L.); (H.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden;
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Tassidis
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, 291 39 Kristianstad, Sweden; (C.C.-L.); (H.T.)
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27
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Zhu M, Liu J, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu J. Bacteria-imprinted impedimetric sensor based on doping-induced nanostructured polypyrrole for determination of Escherichia coli. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:431. [PMID: 37804429 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple and label-free bacteria-imprinted impedimetric (BIP) sensor for the sensitive measurement of Escherichia coli has been developed. The BIP sensor is fabricated by one-step electropolymerization of pyrrole (functional monomer), copper phthalocyanine-3, 4', 4'', 4'''-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs, dopant), and target bacteria (E. coli O157:H7) on a glassy carbon electrode. After the removal of the bacterial template, the established imprinted sites on the CuPcTs-doped polypyrrole film (PPy/CuPcTs) enable the highly selective rebinding of target bacteria and the resulting impedance change of the sensing interface is used to detect the target bacteria. We found that during the electropolymerization process, CuPcTs induced pyrrole to form granular-like nanostructured PPy/CuPcTs with excellent conductivity compared with the PPy film, substantially improving the sensitivity of the proposed sensor. The sensor presented a wide detection range (102 ~ 107 CFU⋅mL-1, RSD 1.1% ~ 3.5%) with a limit of detection of 21 CFU⋅mL-1. Furthermore, the proposed sensor effectively distinguished E. coli O157:H7 from other non-target bacteria and exhibited good practicality with recoveries from 91 to 103% in spiked real samples, indicating the potential utility of the sensor in food safety and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuyan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jikui Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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28
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Falk M, Psotta C, Cirovic S, Ohlsson L, Shleev S. Electronic Tongue for Direct Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Free and Infected Human Saliva-A Feasibility Study. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:717. [PMID: 37504115 PMCID: PMC10377364 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An electronic tongue is a powerful analytical instrument based on an array of non-selective chemical sensors with a partial specificity for data gathering and advanced pattern recognition methods for data analysis. Connecting electronic tongues with electrochemical techniques for data collection has led to various applications, mostly within sensing for food quality and environmental monitoring, but also in biomedical research for the analyses of different bioanalytes in human physiological fluids. In this paper, an electronic tongue consisting of six electrodes (viz., gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, iridium, and glassy carbon) was designed and tested in authentic (undiluted, unpretreated) human saliva samples from eight volunteers, collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Investigations of 11 samples using differential pulse voltammetry and a principal component analysis allowed us to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2-free and infected authentic human saliva. This work, as a proof-of-principle demonstration, provides a new perspective for the use of electronic tongues in the field of enzyme-free electrochemical biosensing, highlighting their potential for future applications in non-invasive biomedical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carolin Psotta
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cirovic
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Ohlsson
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sergey Shleev
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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29
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Dong T, Wang M, Liu J, Ma P, Pang S, Liu W, Liu A. Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6149-6206. [PMID: 37325147 PMCID: PMC10266450 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The disastrous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has induced severe public healthcare issues and weakened the global economy significantly. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is not as fatal as the initial outbreak, many infected victims suffer from long COVID. Therefore, rapid and large-scale testing is critical in managing patients and alleviating its transmission. Herein, we review the recent advances in techniques to detect SARS-CoV-2. The sensing principles are detailed together with their application domains and analytical performances. In addition, the advantages and limits of each method are discussed and analyzed. Besides molecular diagnostics and antigen and antibody tests, we also review neutralizing antibodies and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, the characteristics of the mutational locations in the different variants with epidemiological features are summarized. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies are prospected to develop new assays to meet different diagnostic needs. Thus, this comprehensive and systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies may provide insightful guidance and direction for developing tools for the diagnosis and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 to support public healthcare and effective long-term pandemic management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Junchong Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Pengxin Ma
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Wanjian Liu
- Qingdao Hightop Biotech Co., Ltd 369 Hedong Road, Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Qingdao 266112 China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
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30
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Pilvenyte G, Ratautaite V, Boguzaite R, Ramanavicius S, Chen CF, Viter R, Ramanavicius A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:620. [PMID: 37366985 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of biological molecules, so-called biomarkers in body fluids at abnormal concentrations, is considered a good tool for detecting disease. Biomarkers are usually looked for in the most common body fluids, such as blood, nasopharyngeal fluids, urine, tears, sweat, etc. Even with significant advances in diagnostic technology, many patients with suspected infections receive empiric antimicrobial therapy rather than appropriate treatment, which is driven by rapid identification of the infectious agent, leading to increased antimicrobial resistance. To positively impact healthcare, new tests are needed that are pathogen-specific, easy to use, and produce results quickly. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors can achieve these general goals and have enormous potential for disease detection. This article aimed to overview recent articles dedicated to electrochemical sensors modified with MIP to detect protein-based biomarkers of certain infectious diseases in human beings, particularly the biomarkers of infectious diseases, such as HIV-1, COVID-19, Dengue virus, and others. Some biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) found in blood tests, are not specific for a particular disease but are used to identify any inflammation process in the body and are also under consideration in this review. Other biomarkers are specific to a particular disease, e.g., SARS-CoV-2-S spike glycoprotein. This article analyzes the development of electrochemical sensors using molecular imprinting technology and the used materials' influence. The research methods, the application of different electrodes, the influence of the polymers, and the established detection limits are reviewed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Pilvenyte
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Boguzaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
- Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment, Sumy State University, 31, Sanatornaya st., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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31
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Sullivan MV, Allabush F, Flynn H, Balansethupathy B, Reed JA, Barnes ET, Robson C, O'Hara P, Milburn LJ, Bunka D, Tolley A, Mendes PM, Tucker JHR, Turner NW. Highly Selective Aptamer-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Hybrids for Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200215. [PMID: 37287590 PMCID: PMC10242533 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus recognition has been driven to the forefront of molecular recognition research due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Development of highly sensitive recognition elements, both natural and synthetic is critical to facing such a global issue. However, as viruses mutate, it is possible for their recognition to wane through changes in the target substrate, which can lead to detection avoidance and increased false negatives. Likewise, the ability to detect specific variants is of great interest for clinical analysis of all viruses. Here, a hybrid aptamer-molecularly imprinted polymer (aptaMIP), that maintains selective recognition for the spike protein template across various mutations, while improving performance over individual aptamer or MIP components (which themselves demonstrate excellent performance). The aptaMIP exhibits an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.61 nM toward its template which matches or exceeds published examples of imprinting of the spike protein. The work here demonstrates that "fixing" the aptamer within a polymeric scaffold increases its capability to selectivity recognize its original target and points toward a methodology that will allow variant selective molecular recognition with exceptional affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V. Sullivan
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityThe GatewayLeicesterLE1 9BHUK
| | - Francia Allabush
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Harriet Flynn
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | | | - Joseph A. Reed
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - Edward T. Barnes
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - Callum Robson
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - Phoebe O'Hara
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - Laura J. Milburn
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - David Bunka
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - Arron Tolley
- The Aptamer GroupWindmill HouseInnovation WayHeslingtonYork, YO10 5BRUK
| | - Paula M. Mendes
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | | | - Nicholas W. Turner
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityThe GatewayLeicesterLE1 9BHUK
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32
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Shen Y, Miao P, Liu S, Gao J, Han X, Zhao Y, Chen T. Preparation and Application Progress of Imprinted Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102344. [PMID: 37242918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the specific recognition performance, imprinted polymers have been widely investigated and applied in the field of separation and detection. Based on the introduction of the imprinting principles, the classification of imprinted polymers (bulk imprinting, surface imprinting, and epitope imprinting) are summarized according to their structure first. Secondly, the preparation methods of imprinted polymers are summarized in detail, including traditional thermal polymerization, novel radiation polymerization, and green polymerization. Then, the practical applications of imprinted polymers for the selective recognition of different substrates, such as metal ions, organic molecules, and biological macromolecules, are systematically summarized. Finally, the existing problems in its preparation and application are summarized, and its prospects have been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Pengpai Miao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Hunan Provincial Public Security Bureau, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xiaobing Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Yin ZZ, Liu Z, Zhou M, Yang X, Zheng G, Zhang H, Kong Y. A surface molecularly imprinted electrochemical biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by using Cu 7S 4-Au as built-in probe. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108462. [PMID: 37182264 PMCID: PMC10170874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S protein) is of significant clinical importance in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, a surface molecularly imprinted (SMI) electrochemical biosensor is fabricated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Cu7S4-Au is used as the built-in probe and modified on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 4-Mercaptophenylboric acid (4-MPBA) is anchored to the surface of the Cu7S4-Au through Au-SH bonds, which can be used for the immobilization of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein template through boronate ester bonds. After that, 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) is electropolymerized on the electrode surface and used as the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The SMI electrochemical biosensor is obtained after the elution of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein template with an acidic solution by the dissociation of the boronate ester bonds, which can be utilized for sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The developed SMI electrochemical biosensor displays high specificity, reproducibility and stability, which might be a potential and promising candidate for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhi Yin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Karuppaiah G, Vashist A, Nair M, Veerapandian M, Manickam P. Emerging trends in point-of-care biosensing strategies for molecular architectures and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 13:100324. [PMID: 36844889 PMCID: PMC9941073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a viral pandemic then ravaged many countries worldwide. In the recent years, point-of-care (POC) biosensors combined with state-of-the-art bioreceptors, and transducing systems enabled the development of novel diagnostic tools for rapid and reliable detection of biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2. The present review thoroughly summarises and discusses various biosensing strategies developed for probing SARS-CoV-2 molecular architectures (viral genome, S Protein, M protein, E protein, N protein and non-structural proteins) and antibodies as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19. This review discusses the various structural components of SARS-CoV-2, their binding regions and the bioreceptors used for recognizing the structural components. The various types of clinical specimens investigated for rapid and POC detection of SARS-CoV-2 is also highlighted. The importance of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in improving the biosensor performance for real-time and reagent-free monitoring the biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 is also summarized. This review also encompasses existing practical challenges and prospects for developing new POC biosensors for clinical monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Vashist
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Malik S, Khan A, Khan H, Rahman G, Ali N, Khan S, Sotomayor MDPT. Biomimetic Electrochemical Sensors Based on Core-Shell Imprinted Polymers for Targeted Sunset Yellow Estimation in Environmental Samples. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040429. [PMID: 37185506 PMCID: PMC10136464 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) contain the predesigned specialized recognition capability that can be chosen to build credible functional materials, that are easy to handle and have a good degree of specificity. Hence, the given piece of work is intended to design a novel electrochemical sensor incorporating magnetite-based molecularly imprinted polymers. The building materials consisted of a cross-linker (EGDMA), reaction-initiator (AIBN), monomer (methylene succinic acid-MSA), and template molecule (Sunset Yellow-SY dye). MMIPs exhibited a diameter of 57 nm with an irregular shape due to the presence of cavities based on SEM analysis. XRD patterns exhibited crystallinity, as well as amorphous peaks that are attributed to polymeric and non-polymeric frameworks of MMIPs. The crystallite size of the MMIPs from XRD analysis was found to be 16.28 nm based on the Debye-Scherrer's equation. Meanwhile, the FTIR bands showed the synthesis of MMIPs using monomer and methylene succinic acid. The sorption data at the optimized operating conditions (pH 2, sorbent dosage 3 mg, time 18 min) showed the highest sorption capacity of 40 mg/g. The obtained data best fitted to the Langmuir sorption isotherm and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The magneto-sensors were applied for ultrasensitive, rapid, and simple sensing of SY dye. The electrochemical experiments were run at the operating condition range of (scan rate 10-50 mV/s, tads 0-120 s, pH 5-9, potential range 1-1.5 V for CV and 1-1.3 V for SWAdASV). The linear range of detection was set to 1.51 × 10-6 M to 1.51 × 10-6 M posing LOD and LOQ values of 8.6242 × 10-5 M and 0.0002874 M, respectively. The regression analysis value for the calibration was found to be 0.950. Additionally, high adsorption efficiency, selectivity, reusability, and strong structural stability of the magneto-sensors showed potential use for SY detection in real samples. These characteristics make MMIPs a viable electrochemical substrate for the detection of chemical contaminants in the environment and in health-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gul Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Ali
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Khan
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
- TecMARA, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac 15333, Lima, Peru
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36
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Chen H, Hou ZY, Chen D, Li T, Wang YM, De Lima MA, Yang Y, Guo ZZ. Highly Sensitive Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide Microgel-based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2023; 36:269-278. [PMID: 37005080 PMCID: PMC10080711 DOI: 10.3967/bes2023.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Late 2019 witnessed the outbreak and widespread transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new, highly contagious disease caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Consequently, considerable attention has been paid to the development of new diagnostic tools for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this study, a new poly-N-isopropylacrylamide microgel-based electrochemical sensor was explored to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) in human saliva. The microgel was composed of a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid, and gold nanoparticles were encapsulated within the microgel through facile and economical fabrication. The electrochemical performance of the sensor was evaluated through differential pulse voltammetry. Results Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of the sensor was 10 -13-10 -9 mg/mL, whereas the detection limit was 9.55 fg/mL. Furthermore, the S protein was instilled in artificial saliva as the infected human saliva model, and the sensing platform showed satisfactory detection capability. Conclusion The sensing platform exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in detecting spike protein, indicating its potential application for the time-saving and inexpensive detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Yuan Hou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China;Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Die Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China;Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China;Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Ming Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | | | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Zhen Zhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
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Mustafa Y, Leese HS. Fabrication of a Lactate-Specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymer toward Disease Detection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8732-8742. [PMID: 36910990 PMCID: PMC9996612 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and selective robust sensor materials for targeted biomarker detection aims to contribute to self-health monitoring and management. Molecularly imprinted polymeric (MIP) materials can perform as biomimetic recognition elements via tailored routes of synthesis for specific target analyte extraction and/or detection. In this work, a sensitive- and selective-lactate MIP has been developed utilizing methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. The sensitivity of the as-synthesized imprinted species was evaluated by determining the target analyte retention, imprinting factor, and selectivity adsorption of up to 63.5%, 6.86, and 0.82, respectively. MIP selectivity elucidated the imprinting mechanism between the functional monomers and target analyte lactate, further experimentally evidenced by using structurally competitive analytes malic acid and sodium 2-hydroxybutyrate, where retentions of 22.6 and 25.2%, respectively, were observed. Understanding the specific intermolecular mechanisms of both the template analyte and structural interferents with the MIP enables experimentalists to make informed decisions regarding monomer-target and porogen selections and possible sites of interaction for improved molecular imprinting. This imprinting system highlights the potential to be further developed into artificial receptor sensor materials for the detection of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin
L. Mustafa
- Materials
for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre
for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Hannah S. Leese
- Materials
for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre
for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. A Comprehensive Overview of Sensors Applications for the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and of Drugs Used in its Treatment. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023; 54:2517-2537. [PMID: 36877165 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2186693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 process, determination-based analytical chemistry studies have had a major place at every stage. Many analytical techniques have been used in both diagnostic studies and drug analysis. Among these, electrochemical sensors are frequently preferred due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, short analysis time, reliability, ease of sample preparation, and low use of organic solvents. For the determination of drugs used in the SARS-CoV-2, such as favipiravir, molnupiravir, ribavirin, etc., electrochemical (nano)sensors are widely used in both pharmaceutical and biological samples. Diagnosis is the most critical step in the management of the disease, and electrochemical sensor tools are widely preferred for this purpose. Diagnostic electrochemical sensor tools can be biosensor-, nano biosensor-, or MIP-based sensors and utilize a wide variety of analytes such as viral proteins, viral RNA, antibodies, etc. This review overviews the sensor applications in SARS-CoV-2 in terms of diagnosis and determination of drugs by evaluating the most recent studies in the literature. In this way, it is aimed to compile the developments so far by shedding light on the most recent studies and giving ideas to researchers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
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39
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Ferreira MDP, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Teixeira Tarley CR. Electrochemical and Bioelectrochemical Sensing Platforms for Diagnostics of COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:336. [PMID: 36979548 PMCID: PMC10046778 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid transmission and high mortality rates caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus showed that the best way to fight against the pandemic was through rapid, accurate diagnosis in parallel with vaccination. In this context, several research groups around the world have endeavored to develop new diagnostic methods due to the disadvantages of the gold standard method, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in terms of cost and time consumption. Electrochemical and bioelectrochemical platforms have been important tools for overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostic platforms, including accuracy, accessibility, portability, and response time. In this review, we report on several electrochemical sensors and biosensors developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, presenting the concepts, fabrication, advantages, and disadvantages of the different approaches. The focus is devoted to highlighting the recent progress of electrochemical devices developed as next-generation field-deployable analytical tools as well as guiding future researchers in the manufacture of devices for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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40
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Vásquez V, Orozco J. Detection of COVID-19-related biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors and potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease in the context of personalized medicine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1003-1031. [PMID: 35970970 PMCID: PMC9378265 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a more efficient and effective way to address disease diagnosis and intervention, cutting-edge technologies, devices, therapeutic approaches, and practices have emerged within the personalized medicine concept depending on the particular patient's biology and the molecular basis of the disease. Personalized medicine is expected to play a pivotal role in assessing disease risk or predicting response to treatment, understanding a person's health status, and, therefore, health care decision-making. This work discusses electrochemical biosensors for monitoring multiparametric biomarkers at different molecular levels and their potential to elucidate the health status of an individual in a personalized manner. In particular, and as an illustration, we discuss several aspects of the infection produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a current health care concern worldwide. This includes SARS-CoV-2 structure, mechanism of infection, biomarkers, and electrochemical biosensors most commonly explored for diagnostics, prognostics, and potentially assessing the risk of complications in patients in the context of personalized medicine. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives hint at the use of electrochemical biosensors in the frame of other cutting-edge converging/emerging technologies toward the inauguration of a new paradigm of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vásquez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
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Bacon A, Wang W, Lee H, Umrao S, Sinawang PD, Akin D, Khemtonglang K, Tan A, Hirshfield S, Demirci U, Wang X, Cunningham BT. Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:298. [PMID: 36832064 PMCID: PMC9954708 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to self-test for HIV is vital to preventing transmission, particularly when used in concert with HIV biomedical prevention modalities, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this paper, we review recent developments in HIV self-testing and self-sampling methods, and the potential future impact of novel materials and methods that emerged through efforts to develop more effective point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. We address the gaps in existing HIV self-testing technologies, where improvements in test sensitivity, sample-to-answer time, simplicity, and cost are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and widespread accessibility. We discuss potential paths toward the next generation of HIV self-testing through sample collection materials, biosensing assay techniques, and miniaturized instrumentation. We discuss the implications for other applications, such as self-monitoring of HIV viral load and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bacon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kodchakorn Khemtonglang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anqi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Special Treatment and Research (STAR) Program, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Jara-Cornejo E, Khan S, Vega-Chacón J, Wong A, da Silva Neres LC, Picasso G, Sotomayor MDPT. Biomimetic Material for Quantification of Methotrexate Using Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole Film and MWCNT/GCE. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010077. [PMID: 36810408 PMCID: PMC9944472 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates biomimetic sensors for the detection of methotrexate contaminants in environmental samples. Sensors inspired by biological systems are the focus of this biomimetic strategy. Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that is widely used for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Due to the widespread use of methotrexate and its rampant disposal into the environment, the residues of this drug are regarded as an emerging contaminant of huge concern, considering that exposure to the contaminant has been found to lead to the inhibition of some essential metabolic processes, posing serious risks to humans and other living beings. In this context, this work aims to quantify methotrexate through the application of a highly efficient biomimetic electrochemical sensor constructed using polypyrrole-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrodeposited by cyclic voltammetry on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The electrodeposited polymeric films were characterized by infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The analyses conducted using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) yielded a detection limit of 2.7 × 10-9 mol L-1 for methotrexate, a linear range of 0.01-125 μmol L-1, and a sensitivity of 0.152 μA L mol-1. The results obtained from the analysis of the selectivity of the proposed sensor through the incorporation of interferents in the standard solution pointed to an electrochemical signal decay of only 15.4%. The findings of this study show that the proposed sensor is highly promising and suitable for use in the quantification of methotrexate in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Jara-Cornejo
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 15333, Peru
| | - Sabir Khan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 15333, Peru
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi−Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Jaime Vega-Chacón
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 15333, Peru
| | - Ademar Wong
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Agents (INCT−DATREM), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil
| | | | - Gino Picasso
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 15333, Peru
| | - Maria D. P. T. Sotomayor
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi−Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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43
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Tlili A, Ayed D, Attia G, Fourati N, Zerrouki C, Othmane A. Comparative study of two surface techniques of proteins imprinting in a polydopamine matrix. Application to immunoglobulin detection. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2-S) was used as a template molecule and polypyrrole (Ppy) was applied as an electro-generated conducting polymer, which was acting as a matrix for the formation of molecular imprints. Two types of Ppy-layers: molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIP-Ppy) and non-imprinted polypyrrole (NIP-Ppy) were electrochemically deposited on the working platinum electrode. The performance of electrodes modified by MIP-Ppy and NIP-Ppy layers was evaluated by pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). During the assessment of measurement results registered by PAD, the integrated Cottrell equation (Anson plot) was used to calculate the amount of charge passed through the MIP-Ppy and NIP-Ppy layers. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins and molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIP-Ppy) was assessed by the Anson plot based calculations. This assessment reveals that SARS-CoV-2-S glycoproteins are interacting with MIP-Ppy more strongly than with NIP-Ppy.
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45
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Yang X, Yin ZZ, Zheng G, Zhou M, Zhang H, Li J, Cai W, Kong Y. Molecularly imprinted miniature electrochemical biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on Au nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide modified acupuncture needle. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 151:108375. [PMID: 36716516 PMCID: PMC9883973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike (SARS-CoV-2-S) protein is of clinical significance for early diagnosis and timely treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, a surface molecularly imprinted miniature biosensor was fabricated. Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), poly(methylene blue)/poly(ionic liquids) and poly(ionic liquids) were successively electrodeposited onto the pinpoint of an acupuncture needle (AN). The molecularly imprinted miniature biosensor was obtained after the template of SARS-CoV-2-S protein was removed, which could be used for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2-S protein. The linear range and limit of detection (LOD) were 0.1 ∼ 1000 ng mL-1 and 38 pg mL-1, respectively, which were superior to other molecularly imprinted biosensors previously reported. The developed miniature biosensor also exhibited high specificity and stability. The reliability of the biosensor was evaluated by the detection of SARS-CoV-2-S protein in clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Yin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Guojun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenrong Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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46
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A molecularly imprinted sensor based on thermo-responsive calcium alginate nanohydrogels for lysozyme detection. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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47
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Liang Q, Huang Y, Wang M, Kuang D, Yang J, Yi Y, Shi H, Li J, Yang J, Li G. An electrochemical biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection via its papain-like cysteine protease and the protease inhibitor screening. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 452:139646. [PMID: 36249721 PMCID: PMC9549716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.139646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still infecting hundreds of thousands of people every day. Enriching the kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection and developing the drugs for patient treatments are still urgently needed for combating the spreading virus, especially after the emergence of various mutants. Herein, an electrochemical biosensor has been fabricated in this work for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 via its papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro) and the screening of protease inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 by using our designed chimeric peptide-DNA (pDNA) nanoprobes. Utilizing this biosensor, the sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro can be conducted in complex real environments including blood and saliva. Five positive and five negative patient throat swab samples have also been tested to verify the practical application capability of the biosensor. Moreover, we have obtained a detection limit of 27.18 fM and a linear detection range from 1 pg mL-1 to 10 μg mL-1 (I = 1.63 + 4.44 lgC). Meanwhile, rapid inhibitor screening against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro can be also obtained. Therefore, this electrochemical biosensor has the great potential for COVID-19 combating and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Minghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Deqi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiahua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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48
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Clark K, Schenkel MS, Pittman TW, Samper IC, Anderson LBR, Khamcharoen W, Elmegerhi S, Perera R, Siangproh W, Kennan AJ, Geiss BJ, Dandy DS, Henry CS. Electrochemical Capillary Driven Immunoassay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:584-594. [PMID: 36570470 PMCID: PMC9469961 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on a pressing need for fast, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic tests. This work presents an electrochemical capillary driven immunoassay (eCaDI) developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. The low-cost flow device is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and adhesive films. Upon addition of a sample, reagents and washes are sequentially delivered to an integrated screen-printed carbon electrode for detection, thus automating a full sandwich immunoassay with a single end-user step. The modified electrodes are sensitive and selective for SARS-CoV-2 N protein and stable for over 7 weeks. The eCaDI was tested with influenza A and Sindbis virus and proved to be selective. The eCaDI was also successfully applied to detect nine different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee
M. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Melissa S. Schenkel
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Trey W. Pittman
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Isabelle C. Samper
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Loran B. R. Anderson
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wisarut Khamcharoen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Suad Elmegerhi
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Alan J. Kennan
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Brian J. Geiss
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David S. Dandy
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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49
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Santos ACF, Martel F, Freire CSR, Ferreira BJML. Polymeric Materials as Indispensable Tools to Fight RNA Viruses: SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:816. [PMID: 36551022 PMCID: PMC9816944 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the end of 2019 in Wuhan, suspicions of a new dangerous virus circulating in the air began to arise. It was the start of the world pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, considerable research data and review papers about this virus have been published. Hundreds of researchers have shared their work in order to achieve a better comprehension of this disease, all with the common goal of overcoming this pandemic. The coronavirus is structurally similar to influenza A. Both are RNA viruses and normally associated with comparable infection symptoms. In this review, different case studies targeting polymeric materials were appraised to highlight them as an indispensable tool to fight these RNA viruses. In particular, the main focus was how polymeric materials, and their versatile features could be applied in different stages of viral disease, i.e., in protection, detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana C. F. Santos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen S. R. Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara J. M. L. Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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50
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Zhang X, Waffo AT, Yarman A, Kovács N, Bognár Z, Wollenberger U, El-Sherbiny IM, Hassan RYA, Bier FF, Gyurcsányi RE, Zebger I, Scheller FW. How an ACE2 mimicking epitope-MIP nanofilm recognizes template-related peptides and the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:18106-18114. [PMID: 36448745 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we aim to gain a mechanistic understanding of the formation of epitope-imprinted polymer nanofilms using a non-terminal peptide sequence, i.e. the peptide GFNCYFP (G485 to P491) of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). This epitope is chemisorbed on the gold surface through the central cysteine 488 followed by the electrosynthesis of a ∼5 nm thick polyscopoletin film around the surface confined templates. The interaction of peptides and the parent RBD and spike protein with the imprinted polyscopoletin nanofilm was followed by electrochemical redox marker gating, surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and conductive AFM. Because the use of non-terminal epitopes is especially intricate, here we characterize the binding pockets through their interaction with 5 peptides rationally derived from the template sequence, i.e. implementing central single amino acid mismatch as well as elongations and truncations at its C- and N- termini. Already a single amino acid mismatch, i.e. the central Cys488 substituted by a serine, results in ca. 15-fold lower affinity. Further truncation of the peptides to tetrapeptide (EGFN) and hexapeptide (YFPLQS) results also in a significantly lower affinity. We concluded that the affinity towards the different peptides is mainly determined by the four amino acid motif CYFP present in the sequence of the template peptide. A higher affinity than that for the peptides is found for the parent proteins RBD and spike protein, which seems to be due to out of cavity effects caused by their larger footprint on the nanofilm surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Armel T Waffo
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad, 86, Beykoz, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| | - Norbert Kovács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Bognár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) & Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) & Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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