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Qi M, Wang B, Liao H, Xu Y, Dong L, Xu L, Xia Y, Jiang X, Ling S, Qin J. Loss of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) captures embryonic stem cells in a primed pluripotent state. J Biol Chem 2025; 301:108501. [PMID: 40216251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Two main pluripotent cell lines can be established from the preimplantation and postimplantation mouse embryo as naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively. Although the two pluripotent states are interconvertible, the molecular mechanism controlling the transition between naïve and primed pluripotency remains to be fully elucidated. Here, by performing a CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in ESCs, we identify Sox2 involved in the repression of lineage-specification marker brachyury (T). Upon Sox2 ablation in ESCs, two populations of cells mutually exclusive for CDX2 (trophectoderm marker) and T expression can be observed. T-positive cells display features resembling the salient characteristics of EpiSCs including molecular and functional properties. By using genetic ablation approach, we show that acquisition and maintenance of primed pluripotency in Sox2 null T-positive cells heavily depend on fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) and Nodal, which is produced in an autocrine manner in these cells. We further demonstrate that Sox3 compensates for the absence of Sox2 in maintaining the primed state of Sox2-null pluripotent cells. Establishment of Sox2-deficient pluripotent cells will enable the elucidation of the mechanisms controlling the transition of cells between different states of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaqi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Yijishan Hospital) of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Shizhang Ling
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Yijishan Hospital) of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Li N, Yang Z, Su Y, Ma W, Zhao J, Wang X, Wan W, Xie S, Li H, Wang M, Zhao Y, Han S, Li T, Xiehe S, Guo J, Yue L, Li X, Wang A, Jiang F, Qing S, Liu X, Liu J, Lei A, Tang Y. Establishing Bovine Embryonic Stem Cells and Dissecting Their Self-Renewal Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3536. [PMID: 40331984 PMCID: PMC12027403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Bovine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold significant potential for diverse applications in agriculture, reproductive biotechnology, and biomedical research. However, challenges persist in establishing stable bovine PSC lines and understanding the mechanisms underlying their pluripotency maintenance. Here, we derived bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs) from Holstein cattle embryos. These cells exhibited robust differentiation capacity into three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct molecular profiles compared to primed-state bESCs. Notably, bESC proliferation ceased on methanol-treated feeder cells, in contrast to mouse ESCs (mESCs), which proliferated normally. Pathway analysis identified key signaling events critical for bESC survival and proliferation, highlighting species-specific regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the derived bESCs demonstrated chimerism capacity in early bovine embryos, underscoring their functional pluripotency. This work provides a foundation for advancing bovine embryology research and stem cell-based biotechnologies in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxiao Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Yue Su
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Wei Ma
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Xiangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenjing Wan
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Shengcan Xie
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Heqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Yiyu Zhao
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Shiyao Han
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Tianle Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Shuangyi Xiehe
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Jintong Guo
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Linxiu Yue
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Ahui Wang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Fenfen Jiang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Suzhu Qing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Anmin Lei
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Young Tang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.S.); (W.M.); (W.W.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (J.G.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (A.W.); (F.J.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.W.); (X.L.)
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Cohn EF, Clayton BLL, Madhavan M, Lee KA, Yacoub S, Fedorov Y, Scavuzzo MA, Paul Friedman K, Shafer TJ, Tesar PJ. Pervasive environmental chemicals impair oligodendrocyte development. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:836-845. [PMID: 38528201 PMCID: PMC11088982 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals can impair neurodevelopment, and oligodendrocytes may be particularly vulnerable, as their development extends from gestation into adulthood. However, few environmental chemicals have been assessed for potential risks to oligodendrocytes. Here, using a high-throughput developmental screen in cultured cells, we identified environmental chemicals in two classes that disrupt oligodendrocyte development through distinct mechanisms. Quaternary compounds, ubiquitous in disinfecting agents and personal care products, were potently and selectively cytotoxic to developing oligodendrocytes, whereas organophosphate flame retardants, commonly found in household items such as furniture and electronics, prematurely arrested oligodendrocyte maturation. Chemicals from each class impaired oligodendrocyte development postnatally in mice and in a human 3D organoid model of prenatal cortical development. Analysis of epidemiological data showed that adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were associated with childhood exposure to the top organophosphate flame retardant identified by our screen. This work identifies toxicological vulnerabilities for oligodendrocyte development and highlights the need for deeper scrutiny of these compounds' impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Cohn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin L L Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristin A Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Yacoub
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Du P, Wu J. Hallmarks of totipotent and pluripotent stem cell states. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:312-333. [PMID: 38382531 PMCID: PMC10939785 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Though totipotency and pluripotency are transient during early embryogenesis, they establish the foundation for the development of all mammals. Studying these in vivo has been challenging due to limited access and ethical constraints, particularly in humans. Recent progress has led to diverse culture adaptations of epiblast cells in vitro in the form of totipotent and pluripotent stem cells, which not only deepen our understanding of embryonic development but also serve as invaluable resources for animal reproduction and regenerative medicine. This review delves into the hallmarks of totipotent and pluripotent stem cells, shedding light on their key molecular and functional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Perera M, Brickman JM. In vitro models of human hypoblast and mouse primitive endoderm. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102115. [PMID: 37783145 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The primitive endoderm (PrE, also named hypoblast), a predominantly extraembryonic epithelium that arises from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mammalian pre-implantation blastocyst, plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, giving rise to the yolk sac, establishing the anterior-posterior axis and contributing to the gut. PrE is specified from the ICM at the same time as the epiblast (Epi) that will form the embryo proper. While in vitro cell lines resembling the pluripotent Epi have been derived from a variety of conditions, only one model system currently exists for the PrE, naïve extraembryonic endoderm (nEnd). As a result, considerably more is known about the gene regulatory networks and signalling requirements of pluripotent stem cells than nEnd. In this review, we describe the ontogeny and differentiation of the PrE or hypoblast in mouse and primate and then discuss in vitro cell culture models for different extraembryonic endodermal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perera
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@MartaPrera
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Miyazaki S, Yamano H, Motooka D, Tashiro F, Matsuura T, Miyazaki T, Miyazaki JI. Zfp296 knockout enhances chromatin accessibility and induces a unique state of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:771. [PMID: 37488353 PMCID: PMC10366109 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zfp296 gene encodes a zinc finger-type protein. Its expression is high in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but rapidly decreases following differentiation. Zfp296-knockout (KO) ESCs grew as flat colonies, which were reverted to rounded colonies by exogenous expression of Zfp296. KO ESCs could not form teratomas when transplanted into mice but could efficiently contribute to germline-competent chimeric mice following blastocyst injection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Zfp296 deficiency up- and down-regulates a distinct group of genes, among which Dppa3, Otx2, and Pou3f1 were markedly downregulated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that ZFP296 binding is predominantly seen in the vicinity of the transcription start sites (TSSs) of a number of genes, and ZFP296 was suggested to negatively regulate transcription. Consistently, chromatin accessibility assay clearly showed that ZFP296 binding reduces the accessibility of the TSS regions of target genes. Zfp296-KO ESCs showed increased histone H3K9 di- and trimethylation. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed interaction of ZFP296 with G9a and GLP. These results show that ZFP296 plays essential roles in maintaining the global epigenetic state of ESCs through multiple mechanisms including activation of Dppa3, attenuation of chromatin accessibility, and repression of H3K9 methylation, but that Zfp296-KO ESCs retain a unique state of pluripotency while lacking the teratoma-forming ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Center for Medical Research and Education, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamano
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumi Tashiro
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsuura
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Center for Medical Research and Education, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Toray Industries, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Center for Medical Research and Education, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Miyazaki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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Cohn EF, Clayton BL, Madhavan M, Yacoub S, Federov Y, Paul-Friedman K, Shafer TJ, Tesar PJ. Pervasive environmental chemicals impair oligodendrocyte development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528042. [PMID: 36798415 PMCID: PMC9934656 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals can impair neurodevelopment1-4. Oligodendrocytes that wrap around axons to boost neurotransmission may be particularly vulnerable to chemical toxicity as they develop throughout fetal development and into adulthood5,6. However, few environmental chemicals have been assessed for potential risks to oligodendrocyte development. Here, we utilized a high-throughput developmental screen and human cortical brain organoids, which revealed environmental chemicals in two classes that disrupt oligodendrocyte development through distinct mechanisms. Quaternary compounds, ubiquitous in disinfecting agents, hair conditioners, and fabric softeners, were potently and selectively cytotoxic to developing oligodendrocytes through activation of the integrated stress response. Organophosphate flame retardants, commonly found in household items such as furniture and electronics, were non-cytotoxic but prematurely arrested oligodendrocyte maturation. Chemicals from each class impaired human oligodendrocyte development in a 3D organoid model of prenatal cortical development. In analysis of epidemiological data from the CDC's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were associated with childhood exposure to the top organophosphate flame retardant identified by our oligodendrocyte toxicity platform. Collectively, our work identifies toxicological vulnerabilities specific to oligodendrocyte development and highlights common household chemicals with high exposure risk to children that warrant deeper scrutiny for their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F. Cohn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L.L. Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sara Yacoub
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yuriy Federov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Katie Paul-Friedman
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Timothy J. Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Luo Q, Pui HP, Chen J, Yu L, Jannig PR, Pei Y, Zhao L, Chen X, Petropoulos S, Ruas JL, Wu J, Deng Q. Epiblast-like stem cells established by Wnt/β-catenin signaling manifest distinct features of formative pluripotency and germline competence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112021. [PMID: 36848234 PMCID: PMC10026833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Different formative pluripotent stem cells harboring similar functional properties have been recently established to be lineage neutral and germline competent yet have distinct molecular identities. Here, we show that WNT/β-catenin signaling activation sustains transient mouse epiblast-like cells as epiblast-like stem cells (EpiLSCs). EpiLSCs display metastable formative pluripotency with bivalent cellular energy metabolism and unique transcriptomic features and chromatin accessibility. We develop single-cell stage label transfer (scSTALT) to study the formative pluripotency continuum and reveal that EpiLSCs recapitulate a unique developmental period in vivo, filling the gap of the formative pluripotency continuum between other published formative stem cells. WNT/β-catenin signaling activation counteracts differentiation effects of activin A and bFGF by preventing complete dissolution of naive pluripotency regulatory network. Moreover, EpiLSCs have direct competence toward germline specification, which is further matured by an FGF receptor inhibitor. Our EpiLSCs can serve as an in vitro model for mimicking and studying early post-implantation development and pluripotency transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han-Pin Pui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Schnirman RE, Kuo SJ, Kelly RC, Yamaguchi TP. The role of Wnt signaling in the development of the epiblast and axial progenitors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:145-180. [PMID: 36967193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the body plan is established during embryogenesis remains a fundamental biological question. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial and highly conserved role in body plan formation, functioning to polarize the primary anterior-posterior (AP) or head-to-tail body axis in most metazoans. In this chapter, we focus on the roles that the mammalian Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays to prepare the pluripotent epiblast for gastrulation, and to elicit the emergence of multipotent axial progenitors from the caudal epiblast. Interactions between Wnt and retinoic acid (RA), another powerful family of developmental signaling molecules, in axial progenitors will also be discussed. Gastrulation movements and somitogenesis result in the anterior displacement of the RA source (the rostral somites and lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)), from the posterior Wnt source (the primitive streak (PS)), leading to the establishment of antiparallel gradients of RA and Wnt that control the self-renewal and successive differentiation of neck, trunk and tail progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel J Kuo
- NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C Kelly
- NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
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10
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Zhao X, Ruan Q, Feng Y, Ruan Z, Wu Z, Shi D, Lu F. Blastocyst Stage Affects the Isolation and Culture of Buffalo Naive/Primed Embryonic Stem-Like Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-12. [PMID: 36097786 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were first identified, significant progress has been achieved. However, the establishment of buffalo ESCs (bESCs) is still unclear. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of the blastocyst stage on the isolation of bESCs. Firstly, our results indicated that the pluripotent genes were mainly expressed at the early stages of blastocyst, and the attachment and colony formation rates of bESCs derived from expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst were significantly higher than early blastocyst and blastocyst. In the meantime, bESCs showed positive alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed genes like OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, CDH1, KLF4, and TBX3. Immunofluorescence also confirmed the expression of OCT4, SOX2. Embryoid bodies expressing three marker genes were generated from the differentiation experiment, and fibroblast, epithelial, and neuron-like cells were induced. Moreover, naive-related genes KLF4, TBX3, primed-related genes FGF5, ACTA2 were expressed in the cells, but not REX-1. Immunofluorescence and western blot confirmed the FGF5 expression. Furthermore, bESCs could maintain pluripotency with the signal of LIF and bFGF. In summary, our results indicated that expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst are more suitable for bESCs isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qiuyan Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ziyun Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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11
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Drozd AM, Mariani L, Guo X, Goitea V, Menezes NA, Ferretti E. Progesterone Receptor Modulates Extraembryonic Mesoderm and Cardiac Progenitor Specification during Mouse Gastrulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810307. [PMID: 36142249 PMCID: PMC9499561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone treatment is commonly employed to promote and support pregnancy. While maternal tissues are the main progesterone targets in humans and mice, its receptor (PGR) is expressed in the murine embryo, questioning its function during embryonic development. Progesterone has been previously associated with murine blastocyst development. Whether it contributes to lineage specification is largely unknown. Gastrulation initiates lineage specification and generation of the progenitors contributing to all organs. Cells passing through the primitive streak (PS) will give rise to the mesoderm and endoderm. Cells emerging posteriorly will form the extraembryonic mesodermal tissues supporting embryonic growth. Cells arising anteriorly will contribute to the embryonic heart in two sets of distinct progenitors, first (FHF) and second heart field (SHF). We found that PGR is expressed in a posterior–anterior gradient in the PS of gastrulating embryos. We established in vitro differentiation systems inducing posterior (extraembryonic) and anterior (cardiac) mesoderm to unravel PGR function. We discovered that PGR specifically modulates extraembryonic and cardiac mesoderm. Overexpression experiments revealed that PGR safeguards cardiac differentiation, blocking premature SHF progenitor specification and sustaining the FHF progenitor pool. This role of PGR in heart development indicates that progesterone administration should be closely monitored in potential early-pregnancy patients undergoing infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Drozd
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Mariani
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Goitea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Alvaro Menezes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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12
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BMP4 drives primed to naïve transition through PGC-like state. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2756. [PMID: 35589713 PMCID: PMC9120449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pluripotent states have been described in mouse and human stem cells. Here, we apply single-cell RNA-seq to a newly established BMP4 induced mouse primed to naïve transition (BiPNT) system and show that the reset is not a direct reversal of cell fate but goes through a primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) state. We first show that epiblast stem cells bifurcate into c-Kit+ naïve and c-Kit- trophoblast-like cells, among which, the naïve branch undergoes further transition through a PGCLCs intermediate capable of spermatogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that DOT1L inhibition permits the transition from primed pluripotency to PGCLCs in part by facilitating the loss of H3K79me2 from Gata3/6. In addition, Prdm1/Blimp1 is required for PGCLCs and naïve cells, while Gata2 inhibits PGC-like state by promoting trophoblast-like fate. Our work not only reveals an alternative route for primed to naïve transition, but also gains insight into germ cell development.
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13
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Zhang F, Pang C, Zhu H, Chen Y. Timely stimulation of early embryo promotes the acquisition of pluripotency. Cytometry A 2022; 101:682-691. [PMID: 35332996 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are both pluripotent stem cells from early embryos. Another type of pluripotent stem cells, which are similar with EpiSCs and derive from pre-implantation embryos in feeder-free and chemically defined medium containing Activin A and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF), is termed as AFSCs. The pluripotency and self-renewal maintenance of ESCs rely on Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/STAT/BMP4/SMAD signaling, while the pluripotency and self-renewal maintenance of EpiSCs and AFSCs rely on bFGF and Activin/Nodal signaling. However, the establishment efficiency of AFSCs lines is low. In this study, we stimulated early embryos by 2i/LIF (CHIR99021 + PD0325901 + LIF) and Activin A + bFGF respectively, to change the cell fate in inner cell mass (ICM). The "fate changed embryos" by 2i/LIF can efficiently produce AFSCs in feeder-free and chemically defined medium, but the efficiency of embryos treated with Activin A + bFGF were poor. The AFSCs from fate-changed embryos share similar molecular characteristics with conventional AFSCs and EpiSCs. Our results suggest that the advanced stimulation of 2i/LIF and the premature stimulation of Activin A + bFGF contribute to capturing the pluripotent stem cells in early embryos, and the FGF/MAPK signaling dominate early embryo development. Our study provides a new approach to capturing pluripotency from pre-implantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- Southern Medical University Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changmiao Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyun Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Kinoshita M, Kobayashi T, Planells B, Klisch D, Spindlow D, Masaki H, Bornelöv S, Stirparo GG, Matsunari H, Uchikura A, Lamas-Toranzo I, Nichols J, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H, Alberio R, Smith A. Pluripotent stem cells related to embryonic disc exhibit common self-renewal requirements in diverse livestock species. Development 2021; 148:273644. [PMID: 34874452 PMCID: PMC8714072 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite four decades of effort, robust propagation of pluripotent stem cells from livestock animals remains challenging. The requirements for self-renewal are unclear and the relationship of cultured stem cells to pluripotent cells resident in the embryo uncertain. Here, we avoided using feeder cells or serum factors to provide a defined culture microenvironment. We show that the combination of activin A, fibroblast growth factor and the Wnt inhibitor XAV939 (AFX) supports establishment and continuous expansion of pluripotent stem cell lines from porcine, ovine and bovine embryos. Germ layer differentiation was evident in teratomas and readily induced in vitro. Global transcriptome analyses highlighted commonality in transcription factor expression across the three species, while global comparison with porcine embryo stages showed proximity to bilaminar disc epiblast. Clonal genetic manipulation and gene targeting were exemplified in porcine stem cells. We further demonstrated that genetically modified AFX stem cells gave rise to cloned porcine foetuses by nuclear transfer. In summary, for major livestock mammals, pluripotent stem cells related to the formative embryonic disc are reliably established using a common and defined signalling environment. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Summary: We report the derivation of similar, stable and continuously expandable pluripotent stem cells related to embryonic disc epiblast from embryos of pig, sheep and cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kinoshita
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Mammalian Embryology, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Benjamin Planells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Doris Klisch
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Daniel Spindlow
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Susanne Bornelöv
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ismael Lamas-Toranzo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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15
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Kinoshita M, Barber M, Mansfield W, Cui Y, Spindlow D, Stirparo GG, Dietmann S, Nichols J, Smith A. Capture of Mouse and Human Stem Cells with Features of Formative Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:453-471.e8. [PMID: 33271069 PMCID: PMC7939546 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent cells emerge as a naive founder population in the blastocyst, acquire capacity for germline and soma formation, and then undergo lineage priming. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast-derived stem cells (EpiSCs) represent the initial naive and final primed phases of pluripotency, respectively. Here, we investigate the intermediate formative stage. Using minimal exposure to specification cues, we derive stem cells from formative mouse epiblast. Unlike ESCs or EpiSCs, formative stem (FS) cells respond directly to germ cell induction. They colonize somatic tissues and germline in chimeras. Whole-transcriptome analyses show similarity to pre-gastrulation formative epiblast. Signal responsiveness and chromatin accessibility features reflect lineage capacitation. Furthermore, FS cells show distinct transcription factor dependencies, relying critically on Otx2. Finally, FS cell culture conditions applied to human naive cells or embryos support expansion of similar stem cells, consistent with a conserved staging post on the trajectory of mammalian pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kinoshita
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Michael Barber
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - William Mansfield
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Yingzhi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Daniel Spindlow
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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16
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Su Y, Zhu J, Salman S, Tang Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells from farm animals. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5937369. [PMID: 33098420 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has revolutionized the world on the establishment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) across a great variety of animal species. Generation of iPSCs from domesticated animals would provide unrestricted cell resources for the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation of these species, for screening and establishing desired traits for sustainable agricultural production, and as veterinary and preclinical therapeutic tools for animal and human diseases. Induced PSCs from domesticated animals thus harbor enormous scientific, economical, and societal values. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of PSCs from these species, major obstacles remain precluding the exclamation of the establishment of bona fide iPSCs. The most prominent of them remain the inability of these cells to silence exogenous reprogramming factors, the obvious reliance on exogenous factors for their self-renewal, and the restricted development potential in vivo. In this review, we summarize the history and current progress in domestic farm animal iPSC generation, with a focus on swine, ruminants (cattle, ovine, and caprine), horses, and avian species (quails and chickens). We also discuss the problems associated with the farm animal iPSCs and potential future directions toward the complete reprogramming of somatic cells from farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Saleh Salman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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17
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Cermola F, D'Aniello C, Tatè R, De Cesare D, Martinez-Arias A, Minchiotti G, Patriarca EJ. Gastruloid Development Competence Discriminates Different States of Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:354-369. [PMID: 33482102 PMCID: PMC7878839 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Floating spheroidal aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells can develop into polarized/elongated organoids, namely gastruloids. We set up a high-performing assay to measure gastruloid formation efficiency (GFE), and found that GFE decreases as pluripotency progresses from naive (GFE ≥ 95%) to primed (GFE = 0) state. Specifically, we show that primed EpiSCs fail to generate proper cell aggregates, while early-primed EpiLCs aggregate but eventually fail to develop into elongated gastruloids. Moreover, we characterized proline-induced cells (PiCs), a LIF-dependent reversible early-primed state of pluripotency, and show that PiCs are able to generate gastruloids (GFE ∼ 50%) and are also competent to differentiate into primordial germ cell-like cells. Thus, we propose the GFE assay as a valuable functional tool to discriminate different states of the pluripotency continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cermola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Aniello
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosarita Tatè
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario De Cesare
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy.
| | - Eduardo Jorge Patriarca
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy.
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18
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Chromatin Regulation in Development: Current Understanding and Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8817581. [PMID: 33603792 PMCID: PMC7872760 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8817581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mammalian stem cell fate during differentiation is complex and can be delineated across many levels. At the chromatin level, the replacement of histone variants by chromatin-modifying proteins, enrichment of specific active and repressive histone modifications, long-range gene interactions, and topological changes all play crucial roles in the determination of cell fate. These processes control regulatory elements of critical transcriptional factors, thereby establishing the networks unique to different cell fates and initiate waves of distinctive transcription events. Due to the technical challenges posed by previous methods, it was difficult to decipher the mechanism of cell fate determination at early embryogenesis through chromatin regulation. Recently, single-cell approaches have revolutionised the field of developmental biology, allowing unprecedented insights into chromatin structure and interactions in early lineage segregation events during differentiation. Here, we review the recent technological advancements and how they have furthered our understanding of chromatin regulation during early differentiation events.
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Garbutt TA, Konganti K, Konneker T, Hillhouse A, Phelps D, Jones A, Aylor D, Threadgill DW. Derivation of stable embryonic stem cell-like, but transcriptionally heterogenous, induced pluripotent stem cells from non-permissive mouse strains. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:263-286. [PMID: 33015751 PMCID: PMC9113365 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background is known to play a role in the ability to derive pluripotent, embryonic stem cells (ESC), a trait referred to as permissiveness. Previously we demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be readily derived from non-permissive mouse strains by addition of serum-based media supplemented with GSK3B and MEK inhibitors, termed 2iS media, 3 days into reprogramming. Here, we describe the derivation of second type of iPSC colony from non-permissive mouse strains that can be stably maintained independently of 2iS media. The resulting cells display transcriptional heterogeneity similar to that observed in ESC from permissive genetic backgrounds derived in conventional serum containing media supplemented with leukemia inhibitor factor. However, unlike previous studies that report exclusive subpopulations, we observe both exclusive and simultaneous expression of naive and primed cell surface markers. Herein, we explore shifts in pluripotency in the presence of 2iS and characterize heterogenous subpopulations to determine their pluripotent state and role in heterogenous iPSCs derived from the non-permissive NOD/ShiLtJ strain. We conclude that heterogeneity is a naturally occurring, necessary quality of stem cells that allows for the maintenance of pluripotency. This study further demonstrates the efficacy of the 2iS reprogramming technique. It is also the first study to derive stable ESC-like stem cells from the non-permissive NOD/ShiLtJ and WSB/EiJ strains, enabling easier and broader research possibilities into pluripotency for these and similar non-permissive mouse strains and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Garbutt
- Program in Genetics, Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Thomas Konneker
- Program in Genetics, Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Drake Phelps
- Program in Genetics, Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexis Jones
- Program in Genetics, Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David Aylor
- Program in Genetics, Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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20
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Hypoxia as a Driving Force of Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation to Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121614. [PMID: 33260307 PMCID: PMC7759989 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) is a hallmark of many diseases, in particular those related to the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, tissue hypoxia is an important factor regulating (normal) embryogenesis and differentiation of stem cells at the early stages of embryonic development. In culture, hypoxic conditions may facilitate the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may serve as a valuable tool for disease modeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), multifunctional components of vascular structures, may be obtained from iPSCs and subsequently used in various (hypoxia-related) disease models to investigate vascular dysfunctions. Although iPSC-ECs demonstrated functionality in vitro and in vivo, ongoing studies are conducted to increase the efficiency of differentiation and to establish the most productive protocols for the application of patient-derived cells in clinics. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on the role of hypoxia in the derivation of ESCs and the generation of iPSCs. We also summarize the existing protocols of hypoxia-driven differentiation of iPSCs toward ECs and discuss their possible applications in disease modeling and treatment of hypoxia-related disorders.
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21
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Hong M, Christ A, Christa A, Willnow TE, Krauss RS. Cdon mutation and fetal alcohol converge on Nodal signaling in a mouse model of holoprosencephaly. eLife 2020; 9:60351. [PMID: 32876567 PMCID: PMC7467722 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a defect in midline patterning of the forebrain and midface, arises ~1 in 250 conceptions. It is associated with predisposing mutations in the Nodal and Hedgehog (HH) pathways, with penetrance and expressivity graded by genetic and environmental modifiers, via poorly understood mechanisms. CDON is a multifunctional co-receptor, including for the HH pathway. In mice, Cdon mutation synergizes with fetal alcohol exposure, producing HPE phenotypes closely resembling those seen in humans. We report here that, unexpectedly, Nodal signaling is a major point of synergistic interaction between Cdon mutation and fetal alcohol. Window-of-sensitivity, genetic, and in vitro findings are consistent with a model whereby brief exposure of Cdon mutant embryos to ethanol during gastrulation transiently and partially inhibits Nodal pathway activity, with consequent effects on midline patterning. These results illuminate mechanisms of gene-environment interaction in a multifactorial model of a common birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingi Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Annabel Christ
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Christa
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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22
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Salazar‐Roa M, Trakala M, Álvarez‐Fernández M, Valdés‐Mora F, Zhong C, Muñoz J, Yu Y, Peters TJ, Graña‐Castro O, Serrano R, Zapatero‐Solana E, Abad M, Bueno MJ, de Cedrón MG, Fernández‐Piqueras J, Serrano M, Blasco MA, Wang D, Clark SJ, Izpisua‐Belmonte JC, Ortega S, Malumbres M. Transient exposure to miR-203 enhances the differentiation capacity of established pluripotent stem cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104324. [PMID: 32614092 PMCID: PMC7429746 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Full differentiation potential along with self-renewal capacity is a major property of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, the differentiation capacity frequently decreases during expansion of PSCs in vitro. We show here that transient exposure to a single microRNA, expressed at early stages during normal development, improves the differentiation capacity of already-established murine and human PSCs. Short exposure to miR-203 in PSCs (miPSCs) induces a transient expression of 2C markers that later results in expanded differentiation potency to multiple lineages, as well as improved efficiency in tetraploid complementation and human-mouse interspecies chimerism assays. Mechanistically, these effects are at least partially mediated by direct repression of de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, leading to transient and reversible erasure of DNA methylation. These data support the use of transient exposure to miR-203 as a versatile method to reset the epigenetic memory in PSCs, and improve their effectiveness in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Salazar‐Roa
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Marianna Trakala
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Fátima Valdés‐Mora
- Epigenetics Research Program, Genomics and Epigenetics DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolUNSW, SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- Gene Expression LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Yang Yu
- Gene Expression LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Timothy J Peters
- Epigenetics Research Program, Genomics and Epigenetics DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | - María José Bueno
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - José Fernández‐Piqueras
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación BiosanitariaFundación Jimenez DíazMadridSpain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression GroupCNIOMadridSpain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Da‐Zhi Wang
- Cardiovascular Research DivisionBoston Children′s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Susan J Clark
- Epigenetics Research Program, Genomics and Epigenetics DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolUNSW, SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
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23
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Warzych E, Pawlak P, Lechniak D, Madeja ZE. WNT signalling supported by MEK/ERK inhibition is essential to maintain pluripotency in bovine preimplantation embryo. Dev Biol 2020; 463:63-76. [PMID: 32360193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Capturing stable embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines from domesticated animals still remains one of the challenges of non-rodent embryology. The stake is high, as stable ESCs derived from species such as cattle present high economic and scientific value. Understanding of the processes leading to the embryonic lineage segregation is crucial to provide species-orientated molecular environment capable of supporting self-renewal and pluripotency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the action of the two core regulatory pathways (WNT and MEK/ERK) during bovine embryo development. In vitro produced bovine embryos were obtained in the presence of inhibitors (i), which enable activation of the WNT pathway (via GSK3i, CHIR99021) and suppression of MEK signalling by PD0325901 in the 2i system and PD184325 and SU5402 in the 3i system. We have followed the changes in the distribution of the key lineage specific markers both at the transcript and protein level. Our results showed that WNT signalling promotes the expression of key inner cell mass (ICM) specific markers in bovine embryos, regardless of the MEK/ERK inhibitor cocktail used. MEK/ERK downregulation is crucial to maintain OCT4 and NANOG expression within the ICM and to prevent their exclusion from the trophectoderm (TE). At the same time, the classical TE marker (CDX2) was downregulated at the mRNA and protein level. As a follow up for the observed pluripotency stimulating effect of the inhibitors, we have tested the potential of the 2i and the 3i culture conditions (supported by LIF) to derive primary bovine ESC lines. As a result, we propose a model in which all of the primary signalling pathways determining embryonic cell fate are active in bovine embryos, yet the requirement for pluripotency maintenance in cattle may differ from the described standards. WNT activation leads to the formation (and stabilisation of the ICM) and MEK/ERK signalling is maintained at low levels. Unlike in the mouse, GATA6 is expressed in both ICM and TE. MEK/ERK signalling affects HP formation in cattle, but this process is activated at the post-blastocyst stage. With regard to self-renewal, 2i is preferable, as 3i also blocks the FGF receptor, what may prevent PI3K signalling, important for pluripotency and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lechniak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zofia Eliza Madeja
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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24
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Chen Y, Wu B, Zheng L, Wu C, Wei M, Chen C, Li X, Bao S. Induction and maintenance of specific multipotent progenitor stem cells synergistically mediated by Activin A and BMP4 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8640-8652. [PMID: 32324269 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs)-like cells could be derived from preimplantation embryos (named as AFSCs). Here, we established AFSCs from pre-implantation embryos of multiple mouse strains and showed that unlike EpiSCs, the derivation efficiency of AFSCs was affected by the genetic background. We then used AFSCs lines to dissect the roles of Activin A (Act A) and basic fibroblast growth factor and reported that Act A alone was capable of maintaining self-renewal but not developmental potential in vivo. Finally, we established a novel experimental system, in which AFSCs were efficiently converted to multipotent progenitor stem cells using Act A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (named as ABSCs). Importantly, these ABSCs contributed to neural mesodermal progenitors and lateral plate mesoderm in postimplantation chimeras. Taken together, our study established a robust experimental system for the generation of specific multipotent progenitor stem cells that was self-renewable and capable of contributing to embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengyi Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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25
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Hamidi S, Nakaya Y, Nagai H, Alev C, Kasukawa T, Chhabra S, Lee R, Niwa H, Warmflash A, Shibata T, Sheng G. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition regulates initiation of pluripotency exit before gastrulation. Development 2020; 147:147/3/dev184960. [PMID: 32014865 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pluripotent epiblast gives rise to all tissues and organs in the adult body. Its differentiation starts at gastrulation, when the epiblast generates mesoderm and endoderm germ layers through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although gastrulation EMT coincides with loss of epiblast pluripotency, pluripotent cells in development and in vitro can adopt either mesenchymal or epithelial morphology. The relationship between epiblast cellular morphology and its pluripotency is not well understood. Here, using chicken epiblast and mammalian pluripotency stem cell (PSC) models, we show that PSCs undergo a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) prior to EMT-associated pluripotency loss. Epiblast MET and its subsequent EMT are two distinct processes. The former, a partial MET, is associated with reversible initiation of pluripotency exit, whereas the latter, a full EMT, is associated with complete and irreversible pluripotency loss. We provide evidence that integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction is a key player in pluripotency exit regulation. We propose that epiblast partial MET is an evolutionarily conserved process among all amniotic vertebrates and that epiblast pluripotency is restricted to an intermediate cellular state residing between the fully mesenchymal and fully epithelial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hamidi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakaya
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sapna Chhabra
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - Ruda Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tatsuo Shibata
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan .,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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26
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Yang S, Ding S, He S, He L, Gao K, Peng S, Shuai C. Differentiation of primordial germ cells from premature ovarian insufficiency-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 31151408 PMCID: PMC6545034 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common disease in reproductive women. The pathogenesis of POI is not clear, although it is known that it involves the disorder of oocyte differentiation and development. The introduction of reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a unique opportunity to study many aspects of POI from cell differentiation in vitro that could ultimately lead to novel drug development and testing to help treat the disorder. Methods The fibroblasts from POI patients, including fragile X syndrome, abnormal karyotype (45, X; 45, X/46, XX; 45, XO and 47, XXX), and the gene mutation (FIGLA and GDF9) were reprogrammed to pluripotency status by retroviral transduction using defined factors. The morphology, growth characteristics, gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation potential of the POI-1-iPSCs (from fragile X syndrome) were analyzed. Then, POI-1-iPSCs were induced to differentiation into primordial germ cells (PGCs) with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. Results The iPSCs were successfully generated from POI patients’ fibroblasts. The formed iPS clones have the same characteristics of human ESCs. POI-1-iPSCs were successfully generated with germline competence. The POI-1-iPSCs, with genotypes of fragile X syndrome, can be induced to differentiation into PGCs with high efficiency under our culture system by DNA demethylation. This study proved that disease-specific iPSC lines derived from POI patients could be generated and successfully differentiated into PGCs. Conclusions We established some novel, systemic cell models for the studying of the pathogenesis of POI patients. Second, DNA demethylation may accelerate the induction of human PGCs from iPSCs in vitro and the conclusion needs further exploration. This represents an important step in the novel approach for the study of the pathophysiology and potential egg resource for POI patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1261-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- The Center of Reproduction Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufang Ding
- The Center of Reproduction Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei He
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Jouneau A. Heterogeneity in Epiblast Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1123:5-17. [PMID: 31016592 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are pluripotent cells that are derived from mouse embryos at gastrulation stages. They represent the primed state of pluripotency, in which cells are on the verge of differentiation and already express markers of the three primary lineages (mesoderm, endoderm, neurectoderm). EpiSCs display some heterogeneity intra- and inter-cell lines in the expression of some of these lineage markers. We relate this heterogeneity to signalling pathways that are active in EpiSCs, either due to addition of growth factors (FGF2 and activin) in the culture medium, or endogenously active (FGF, Nodal, and Wnt). By modulating Wnt or activin/nodal pathways, cell lines close to EpiSCs but with different properties can be obtained. These signalling pathways are all at work in vivo to pattern the pluripotent epiblast and specify cellular fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jouneau
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
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28
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Fang F, Li Z, Zhao Q, Li H, Xiong C. Human induced pluripotent stem cells and male infertility: an overview of current progress and perspectives. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:188-195. [PMID: 29315416 PMCID: PMC5850345 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made in ART for the treatment of male infertility. However, current ART has failed to help infertile patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, unless donor sperm is used. In fact, most couples wish to have their own genetically related child. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from patients’ somatic cells and in vitro derivation of functional germ cells from patient-specific iPSCs may provide new therapeutic strategies for infertile couples. The overall developmental dynamics of human primordial germ cells are similar to that in mice, but accumulating evidence suggests that there are crucial differences between human and mouse PGC specification. Unlike mouse iPSCs (miPSCs) in naive state, hiPSCs exhibit a primed pluripotency which possess less potential for the germ cell fate. Based on research in mice, male germ cells at different stages have been derived from hiPSCs with different protocols, including spontaneous differentiation, overexpression of germ cell regulators, addition of cytokines, co-culture with gonadal cells in vitro and xeno-transplantation. The aim of this review is to summarize the current advances in derivation of male germ cells from hiPSCs and raise the perspectives of hiPSCs in medical application for male infertility, as well as in basic research for male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zili Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
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29
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Daniszewski M, Nguyen Q, Chy HS, Singh V, Crombie DE, Kulkarni T, Liang HH, Sivakumaran P, Lidgerwood GE, Hernández D, Conquest A, Rooney LA, Chevalier S, Andersen SB, Senabouth A, Vickers JC, Mackey DA, Craig JE, Laslett AL, Hewitt AW, Powell JE, Pébay A. Single-Cell Profiling Identifies Key Pathways Expressed by iPSCs Cultured in Different Commercial Media. iScience 2018; 7:30-39. [PMID: 30267684 PMCID: PMC6135898 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) maintained on an automated platform using StemFlex and TeSR-E8 media. Analysis of transcriptome of single cells revealed similar expression of core pluripotency genes, as well as genes associated with naive and primed states of pluripotency. Analysis of individual cells from four samples consisting of two different iPSC lines each grown in the two culture media revealed a shared subpopulation structure with three main subpopulations different in pluripotency states. By implementing a machine learning approach, we estimated that most cells within each subpopulation are very similar between all four samples. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of iPSC lines grown in both media reports the molecular signature in StemFlex medium and how it compares to that observed in the TeSR-E8 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Daniszewski
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hun S Chy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Vikrant Singh
- School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Duncan E Crombie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Tejal Kulkarni
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Helena H Liang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Priyadharshini Sivakumaran
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Grace E Lidgerwood
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Damián Hernández
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Alison Conquest
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Louise A Rooney
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Sophie Chevalier
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Stacey B Andersen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Andrew L Laslett
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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30
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He R, Kidder BL. Culture of haploid blastocysts in FGF4 favors the derivation of epiblast stem cells with a primed epigenetic and transcriptional landscape. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10775. [PMID: 30018329 PMCID: PMC6050317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells within the inner cell mass and epiblast of mammalian embryos have the capacity to form all lineages in the adult organism, while multipotent trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm are capable of differentiating into fetal lineages of the placenta. While mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) exhibit distinct expression patterns and utilize distinct external signaling pathways for self-renewal, because mouse EpiSCs resemble human ES cells they are a useful model to investigate mechanisms of human ES cell self-renewal and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that haploid embryos and ES cells can be generated from chemically-activated unfertilized mouse oocytes. However, it is unclear whether EpiSCs or TS cells can be derived from haploid embryos. Here, we describe the derivation of EpiSCs from haploid blastocyst-stage embryos using culture conditions that promote TS cell self-renewal. Maternal (parthenogenetic/gynogenetic) EpiSCs (maEpiSCs) functionally and morphologically resemble conventional EpiSCs. Established maEpiSCs and conventional EpiSCs are diploid and exhibit a normal number of chromosomes. Moreover, global expression analyses and epigenomic profiling revealed that maEpiSCs and conventional EpiSCs exhibit similarly primed transcriptional programs and epigenetic profiles, respectively. Altogether, our results describe a useful experimental model to generate EpiSCs from haploid embryos, provide insight into self-renewal mechanisms of EpiSCs, and suggest that FGF4 is not sufficient to derive TS cells from haploid blastocyst-stage embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng He
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin L Kidder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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31
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Collier AJ, Rugg-Gunn PJ. Identifying Human Naïve Pluripotent Stem Cells - Evaluating State-Specific Reporter Lines and Cell-Surface Markers. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700239. [PMID: 29574793 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports that human pluripotent stem cells can be captured in a spectrum of states with variable properties has prompted a re-evaluation of how pluripotency is acquired and stabilised. The latest additions to the stem cell hierarchy open up opportunities for understanding human development, reprogramming, and cell state transitions more generally. Many of the new cell lines have been collectively termed 'naïve' human pluripotent stem cells to distinguish them from the conventional 'primed' cells. Here, several transcriptional and epigenetic hallmarks of human pluripotent states in the recently described cell lines are reviewed and evaluated. Methods to derive and identify human naïve pluripotent stem cells are also discussed, with a focus on the uses and future developments of state-specific reporter cell lines and cell-surface proteins. Finally, opportunities and uncertainties in naïve stem cell biology are highlighted, and the current limitations of human naïve pluripotent stem cells considered, particularly in the context of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Collier
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter J Rugg-Gunn
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
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32
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Wang L, Jiang Z, Huang D, Duan J, Huang C, Sullivan S, Vali K, Yin Y, Zhang M, Wegrzyn J, Tian X(C, Tang Y. JAK/STAT3 regulated global gene expression dynamics during late-stage reprogramming process. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:183. [PMID: 29510661 PMCID: PMC5840728 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has underdefined mechanisms. In addition, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) activated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway is the master regulator for naïve-state pluripotency achievement and maintenance. However, the regulatory process to attain naïve pluripotent iPSCs is not well understood. RESULTS We performed transcriptome analysis to dissect the genomic expression during mouse iPSC induction, with or without blocking the JAK/STAT3 activity. We describe JAK/STAT3 signaling-specific biological events such as gametogenesis, meiotic/mitotic cell cycle, and DNA repair, and JAK/STAT3-dependent expression of key transcription factors such as the naïve pluripotency-specific genes, developmental pluripotency associated (Dppa) family, along with histone modifiers and non-coding RNAs in reprogramming. We discover that JAK/STAT3 activity does not affect early phase mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) but is necessary for proper imprinting of the Dlk1-Dio3 region, an essential event for pluripotency achievement at late-reprogramming stage. This correlates with the JAK/STAT3-dependent stimulation of Dppa3 and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) genes. We further demonstrate that JAK/STAT3 activity is essential for DNA demethylation of pluripotent loci including Oct4, Nanog, and the Dlk1-Dio3 regions. These findings correlate well with the previously identified STAT3 direct targets. We further propose a model of pluripotency achievement regulated by JAK/STAT3 signaling during the reprogramming process. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates novel insights for JAK/STAT3 promoted pluripotency establishment, which are valuable for further improving the naïve-pluripotent iPSC generation across different species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
- Present address: School of Animal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Delun Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Duan
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Shannon Sullivan
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Kaneha Vali
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jill Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Computational Biology Core, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Xiuchun ( Cindy) Tian
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
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33
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Bao S, Tang WW, Wu B, Kim S, Li J, Li L, Kobayashi T, Lee C, Chen Y, Wei M, Li S, Dietmann S, Tang F, Li X, Surani MA. Derivation of hypermethylated pluripotent embryonic stem cells with high potency. Cell Res 2017; 28:22-34. [PMID: 29076502 PMCID: PMC5752839 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive hypomethylated embryonic pluripotent stem cells (ESCs) are developmentally closest to the preimplantation epiblast of blastocysts, with the potential to contribute to all embryonic tissues and the germline, excepting the extra-embryonic tissues in chimeric embryos. By contrast, epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) resembling postimplantation epiblast are relatively more methylated and show a limited potential for chimerism. Here, for the first time, we reveal advanced pluripotent stem cells (ASCs), which are developmentally beyond the pluripotent cells in the inner cell mass but with higher potency than EpiSCs. Accordingly, a single ASC contributes very efficiently to the fetus, germline, yolk sac and the placental labyrinth in chimeras. Since they are developmentally more advanced, ASCs do not contribute to the trophoblast. ASCs were derived from blastocysts in two steps in a chemically defined medium supplemented with Activin A and basic fibroblast growth factor, followed by culturing in ABCL medium containing ActA, BMP4, CHIR99021 and leukemia inhibitory factor. Notably, ASCs exhibit a distinct transcriptome with the expression of both naive pluripotency genes, as well as mesodermal somatic genes; Eomes, Eras, Tdgf1, Evx1, hand1, Wnt5a and distinct repetitive elements. Conversion of established ESCs to ASCs is also achievable. Importantly, ASCs exhibit a stable hypermethylated epigenome and mostly intact imprints as compared to the hypomethylated inner cell mass of blastocysts and naive ESCs. Properties of ASCs suggest that they represent cells at an intermediate cellular state between the naive and primed states of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Walfred Wc Tang
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Baojiang Wu
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shinseog Kim
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Current address: Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyun Li
- BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Li
- BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Caroline Lee
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Yanglin Chen
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Mengyi Wei
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shudong Li
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Fuchou Tang
- BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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34
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Morgani S, Nichols J, Hadjantonakis AK. The many faces of Pluripotency: in vitro adaptations of a continuum of in vivo states. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28610558 PMCID: PMC5470286 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-017-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotency defines the propensity of a cell to differentiate into, and generate, all somatic, as well as germ cells. The epiblast of the early mammalian embryo is the founder population of all germ layer derivatives and thus represents the bona fide in vivo pluripotent cell population. The so-called pluripotent state spans several days of development and is lost during gastrulation as epiblast cells make fate decisions towards a mesoderm, endoderm or ectoderm identity. It is now widely recognized that the features of the pluripotent population evolve as development proceeds from the pre- to post-implantation period, marked by distinct transcriptional and epigenetic signatures. During this period of time epiblast cells mature through a continuum of pluripotent states with unique properties. Aspects of this pluripotent continuum can be captured in vitro in the form of stable pluripotent stem cell types. In this review we discuss the continuum of pluripotency existing within the mammalian embryo, using the mouse as a model, and the cognate stem cell types that can be derived and propagated in vitro. Furthermore, we speculate on embryonic stage-specific characteristics that could be utilized to identify novel, developmentally relevant, pluripotent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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35
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Yang Y, Liu B, Xu J, Wang J, Wu J, Shi C, Xu Y, Dong J, Wang C, Lai W, Zhu J, Xiong L, Zhu D, Li X, Yang W, Yamauchi T, Sugawara A, Li Z, Sun F, Li X, Li C, He A, Du Y, Wang T, Zhao C, Li H, Chi X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li C, Duo S, Yin M, Shen H, Belmonte JCI, Deng H. Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells with In Vivo Embryonic and Extraembryonic Potency. Cell 2017; 169:243-257.e25. [PMID: 28388409 PMCID: PMC5679268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Of all known cultured stem cell types, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) sit atop the landscape of developmental potency and are characterized by their ability to generate all cell types of an adult organism. However, PSCs show limited contribution to the extraembryonic placental tissues in vivo. Here, we show that a chemical cocktail enables the derivation of stem cells with unique functional and molecular features from mice and humans, designated as extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which are capable of chimerizing both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Notably, a single mouse EPS cell shows widespread chimeric contribution to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo and permits generating single-EPS-cell-derived mice by tetraploid complementation. Furthermore, human EPS cells exhibit interspecies chimeric competency in mouse conceptuses. Our findings constitute a first step toward capturing pluripotent stem cells with extraembryonic developmental potentials in culture and open new avenues for basic and translational research. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheng Shi
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yaxing Xu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiebin Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weifeng Lai
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialiang Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dicong Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Takayoshi Yamauchi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Atsushi Sugawara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, PKU-Tsinghua U Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, PKU-Tsinghua U Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaqin Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chaoran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaochun Chi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuguang Duo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huan Shen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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36
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Lee JH, Laronde S, Collins TJ, Shapovalova Z, Tanasijevic B, McNicol JD, Fiebig-Comyn A, Benoit YD, Lee JB, Mitchell RR, Bhatia M. Lineage-Specific Differentiation Is Influenced by State of Human Pluripotency. Cell Rep 2017; 19:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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37
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Pluripotency of embryo-derived stem cells from rodents, lagomorphs, and primates: Slippery slope, terrace and cliff. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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38
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Rugg-Gunn P. Derivation and Culture of Epiblast Stem Cell (EpiSC) Lines. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2017; 2017:2017/1/pdb.prot093971. [PMID: 28049783 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot093971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes the derivation and culture of epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) from early postimplantation epiblasts. EpiSCs can be maintained in an undifferentiated state and retain the ability to generate tissues from all three germ layers in vitro and to form teratomas in vivo. However, they seem unable to form chimeras. Whether this is due to differences in developmental status or a cellular incompatibility (e.g., cell adhesion) between EpiSCs and the host inner cell mass (ICM) is currently unclear. Other differences between mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and EpiSCs also exist, including gene expression profiles and different growth factor requirements for self-renewal. Thus, EpiSCs provide an important in vitro model for studying the establishment and maintenance of pluripotency in postimplantation epiblast tissues.
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39
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Lin J, Khan M, Zapiec B, Mombaerts P. Efficient derivation of extraembryonic endoderm stem cell lines from mouse postimplantation embryos. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39457. [PMID: 27991575 PMCID: PMC5171707 DOI: 10.1038/srep39457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of stem cell lines have been derived from preimplantation or postimplantation mouse embryos: embryonic stem cell lines, epiblast stem cell lines, and trophoblast stem cell lines. It is not known if extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cell lines can be derived from postimplantation mouse embryos. Here, we report the derivation of 77 XEN cell lines from 85 postimplantation embryos at embryonic day E5.5 or E6.5, in parallel to the derivation of 41 XEN lines from 69 preimplantation embryos at the blastocyst stage. We attain a success rate of 100% of XEN cell line derivation with our E5.5 whole-embryo and E6.5 disaggregated-embryo methods. Immunofluorescence and NanoString gene expression analyses indicate that the XEN cell lines that we derived from postimplantation embryos (post-XEN) are very similar to the XEN cell lines that we derived from preimplantation embryos (pre-XEN) using a conventional method. After injection into blastocysts, post-XEN cells contribute to extraembryonic endoderm in chimeras at E6.5 and E7.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Lin
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mona Khan
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bolek Zapiec
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Mombaerts
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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40
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Wang N, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wang H. OTX2 impedes self-renewal of porcine iPS cells through downregulation of NANOG expression. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16090. [PMID: 27924227 PMCID: PMC5136617 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency in mouse pluripotent stem cells. However, the molecular features and function of porcine OTX2 have not been well elucidated in porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). By studying high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and interfering endogenous OTX2 expression, we demonstrate that OTX2 is able to downgrade the self-renewal of piPSCs. OTX2 is highly expressed in porcine brain, reproductive tissues, and preimplantation embryos, but is undetectable in fibroblasts and most somatic tissues. However, the known piPSC lines reported previously produced different levels of OTX2 depending on the induction procedures and culture conditions. Overexpression of porcine OTX2 can reduce the percentage of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies and downregulate NANOG and OCT4 expression. In contrast, knockdown of OTX2 can significantly increase endogenous expressions of NANOG, OCT4, and ESRRB, and stabilize the pluripotent state of piPSCs. On the other hand, NANOG can directly bind to the OTX2 promoter as shown in ChIP-seq data and repress OTX2 promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These observations indicate that OTX2 and NANOG can form a negative feedback circuitry to regulate the pluripotency of porcine iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Youlong Xie
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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41
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Wu J, Platero Luengo A, Gil MA, Suzuki K, Cuello C, Morales Valencia M, Parrilla I, Martinez CA, Nohalez A, Roca J, Martinez EA, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Generation of human organs in pigs via interspecies blastocyst complementation. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51 Suppl 2:18-24. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA USA
| | | | - MA Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - K Suzuki
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA USA
| | - C Cuello
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | | | - I Parrilla
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - CA Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - A Nohalez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - J Roca
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - EA Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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42
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Krishnakumar R, Chen AF, Pantovich MG, Danial M, Parchem RJ, Labosky PA, Blelloch R. FOXD3 Regulates Pluripotent Stem Cell Potential by Simultaneously Initiating and Repressing Enhancer Activity. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:104-17. [PMID: 26748757 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early development is governed by the ability of pluripotent cells to retain the full range of developmental potential and respond accurately to developmental cues. This property is achieved in large part by the temporal and contextual regulation of gene expression by enhancers. Here, we evaluated regulation of enhancer activity during differentiation of embryonic stem to epiblast cells and uncovered the forkhead transcription factor FOXD3 as a major regulator of the developmental potential of both pluripotent states. FOXD3 bound to distinct sites in the two cell types priming enhancers through a dual-functional mechanism. It recruited the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex ATPase BRG1 to promote nucleosome removal while concurrently inhibiting maximal activation of the same enhancers by recruiting histone deacetylases1/2. Thus, FOXD3 prepares cognate genes for future maximal expression by establishing and simultaneously repressing enhancer activity. Through switching of target sites, FOXD3 modulates the developmental potential of pluripotent cells as they differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raga Krishnakumar
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy F Chen
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marisol G Pantovich
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Muhammad Danial
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ronald J Parchem
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Patricia A Labosky
- Office of Strategic Coordination, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, and Office of Director, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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43
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Abstract
Embryonic pluripotency can be recapitulated in vitro by a spectrum of pluripotent stem cell states stabilized with different culture conditions. Their distinct spatiotemporal characteristics provide an unprecedented tool for the study of early human development. The newly unveiled ability of some stem cell types for crossing xeno-barriers will facilitate the generation of interspecies chimeric embryos from distant species, including humans. When combined with efficient zygote genome editing technologies, xenogeneic human pluripotent stem cells may also open new frontiers for regenerative medicine applications, including the possibility of generating human organs in animals via interspecies chimeric complementation.
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44
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Abstract
The preimplantation development stage of mammalian embryogenesis consists of a series of highly conserved, regulated, and predictable cell divisions. This process is essential to allow the rapid expansion and differentiation of a single-cell zygote into a multicellular blastocyst containing cells of multiple developmental lineages. This period of development, also known as the germinal stage, encompasses several important developmental transitions, which are accompanied by dramatic changes in cell cycle profiles and dynamics. These changes are driven primarily by differences in the establishment and enforcement of cell cycle checkpoints, which must be bypassed to facilitate the completion of essential cell cycle events. Much of the current knowledge in this area has been amassed through the study of knockout models in mice. These mouse models are powerful experimental tools, which have allowed us to dissect the relative dependence of the early embryonic cell cycles on various aspects of the cell cycle machinery and highlight the extent of functional redundancy between members of the same gene family. This chapter will explore the ways in which the cell cycle machinery, their accessory proteins, and their stimuli operate during mammalian preimplantation using mouse models as a reference and how this allows for the usually well-defined stages of the cell cycle to be shaped and transformed during this unique and critical stage of development.
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45
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Loss of the Otx2-Binding Site in the Nanog Promoter Affects the Integrity of Embryonic Stem Cell Subtypes and Specification of Inner Cell Mass-Derived Epiblast. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2651-64. [PMID: 27292645 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the inner cell mass (ICM)-derived epiblast exhibit naive pluripotency. ESC-derived epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and the postimplantation epiblast exhibit primed pluripotency. Although core pluripotency factors are well-characterized, additional regulators, including Otx2, recently have been shown to function during the transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Here we uncover a role for Otx2 in the control of the naive pluripotent state. We analyzed Otx2-binding activity in ESCs and EpiSCs and identified Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 as direct targets. To unravel the Otx2 transcriptional network, we targeted the strongest Otx2-binding site in the Nanog promoter, finding that this site modulates the size of specific ESC-subtype compartments in cultured cells and promotes Nanog expression in vivo, predisposing ICM differentiation to epiblast. Otx2-mediated Nanog regulation thus contributes to the integrity of the ESC state and cell lineage specification in preimplantation development.
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46
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Garg V, Morgani S, Hadjantonakis AK. Capturing Identity and Fate Ex Vivo: Stem Cells from the Mouse Blastocyst. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:361-400. [PMID: 27475857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation development, three molecularly, morphologically, and spatially distinct lineages are formed, the embryonic epiblast, the extraembryonic primitive endoderm, and the trophectoderm. Stem cell lines representing each of these lineages have now been derived and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in culture, providing an unlimited source of material to study the interplay of tissue-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in these fundamental cell fate decisions. Here we outline our current understanding of the derivation, maintenance, and properties of these in vitro stem cell models representing the preimplantation embryonic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A-K Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States.
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47
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Zhang H, Gayen S, Xiong J, Zhou B, Shanmugam AK, Sun Y, Karatas H, Liu L, Rao RC, Wang S, Nesvizhskii AI, Kalantry S, Dou Y. MLL1 Inhibition Reprograms Epiblast Stem Cells to Naive Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:481-94. [PMID: 26996599 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interconversion between naive and primed pluripotent states is accompanied by drastic epigenetic rearrangements. However, it is unclear whether intrinsic epigenetic events can drive reprogramming to naive pluripotency or if distinct chromatin states are instead simply a reflection of discrete pluripotent states. Here, we show that blocking histone H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 activity with the small-molecule inhibitor MM-401 reprograms mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to naive pluripotency. This reversion is highly efficient and synchronized, with more than 50% of treated EpiSCs exhibiting features of naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) within 3 days. Reverted ESCs reactivate the silenced X chromosome and contribute to embryos following blastocyst injection, generating germline-competent chimeras. Importantly, blocking MLL1 leads to global redistribution of H3K4me1 at enhancers and represses lineage determinant factors and EpiSC markers, which indirectly regulate ESC transcription circuitry. These findings show that discrete perturbation of H3K4 methylation is sufficient to drive reprogramming to naive pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Srimonta Gayen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Sundeep Kalantry
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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48
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Veluscek G, Li Y, Yang SH, Sharrocks AD. Jun-Mediated Changes in Cell Adhesion Contribute to Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Exit from Ground State Pluripotency. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1213-24. [PMID: 26850660 PMCID: PMC4864893 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are able to give rise to any somatic cell type. A lot is known about how ESC pluripotency is maintained, but comparatively less is known about how differentiation is promoted. Cell fate decisions are regulated by interactions between signaling and transcriptional networks. Recent studies have shown that the overexpression or downregulation of the transcription factor Jun can affect the ESC fate. Here we have focussed on the role of the Jun in the exit of mouse ESCs from ground state pluripotency and the onset of early differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis of differentiating ESCs reveals that Jun is required to upregulate a programme of genes associated with cell adhesion as ESCs exit the pluripotent ground state. Several of these Jun-regulated genes are shown to be required for efficient adhesion. Importantly this adhesion is required for the timely regulated exit of ESCs from ground state pluripotency and the onset of early differentiation events. Stem Cells 2016;34:1213-1224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veluscek
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yaoyong Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shen-Hsi Yang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Sharrocks
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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49
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Dynamic stem cell states: naive to primed pluripotency in rodents and humans. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:155-69. [PMID: 26860365 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that regulate the in vitro preservation of distinct pluripotent stem cell configurations, and their induction in somatic cells by direct reprogramming, constitute a highly exciting area of research. In this Review, we integrate recent discoveries related to isolating unique naive and primed pluripotent stem cell states with altered functional and molecular characteristics, and from different species. We provide an overview of the pathways underlying pluripotent state transitions and interconversion in vitro and in vivo. We conclude by highlighting unresolved key questions, future directions and potential novel applications of such dynamic pluripotent cell states.
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50
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Wu J, Belmonte JCI. Interspecies chimeric complementation for the generation of functional human tissues and organs in large animal hosts. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:375-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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