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Shi R, Wang B. Nutrient metabolism in regulating intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13602. [PMID: 38386338 PMCID: PMC11150145 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are known for their remarkable proliferative capacity, making them one of the most active cell populations in the body. However, a high turnover rate of intestinal epithelium raises the likelihood of dysregulated homeostasis, which is known to cause various diseases, including cancer. Maintaining precise control over the homeostasis of ISCs is crucial to preserve the intestinal epithelium's integrity during homeostasis or stressed conditions. Recent research has indicated that nutrients and metabolic pathways can extensively modulate the fate of ISCs. This review will explore recent findings concerning the influence of various nutrients, including lipids, carbohydrates, and vitamin D, on the delicate balance between ISC proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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2
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Chinnapaka S, Malekzadeh H, Tirmizi Z, Ejaz A. Caloric restriction mitigates age-associated senescence characteristics in subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7535-7552. [PMID: 38728252 PMCID: PMC11131987 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue regulates metabolic balance, but aging disrupts it, shifting fat from insulin-sensitive subcutaneous to insulin-resistant visceral depots, impacting overall metabolic health. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are crucial for tissue regeneration, but aging diminishes their stemness and regeneration potential. Our findings reveal that aging is associated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and an increase in the visceral fat depots mass. Aging is associated with increase in adipose tissue fibrosis but no significant change in adipocyte size was observed with age. Long term caloric restriction failed to prevent fibrotic changes but resulted in significant decrease in adipocytes size. Aged subcutaneous ASCs displayed an increased production of ROS. Using mitochondrial membrane activity as an indicator of stem cell quiescence and senescence, we observed a significant decrease in quiescence ASCs with age exclusively in subcutaneous adipose depot. In addition, aged subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulated more senescent ASCs having defective autophagy activity. However, long-term caloric restriction leads to a reduction in mitochondrial activity in ASCs. Furthermore, caloric restriction prevents the accumulation of senescent cells and helps retain autophagy activity in aging ASCs. These results suggest that caloric restriction and caloric restriction mimetics hold promise as a potential strategy to rejuvenate the stemness of aged ASCs. Further investigations, including in vivo evaluations using controlled interventions in animals and human studies, will be necessary to validate these findings and establish the clinical potential of this well-established approach for enhancing the stemness of aged stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaiah Chinnapaka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hamid Malekzadeh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zayaan Tirmizi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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3
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Yang L, Liao J, Huang H, Lee TL, Qi H. Stage-specific regulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia by AKT1S1-mediated AKT-mTORC1 signaling during mouse spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 2024; 509:11-27. [PMID: 38311163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spermatogonia are composed of a heterogeneous cell population including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of various spermatogonial cohorts during their self-renewal and differentiation are largely unclear. Here we show that AKT1S1, an AKT substrate and inhibitor of mTORC1, regulates the homeostasis of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Although deletion of Akt1s1 in mouse appears not grossly affecting steady-state spermatogenesis and male mice are fertile, the subset of differentiation-primed OCT4+ spermatogonia decreased significantly, whereas self-renewing GFRα1+ and proliferating PLZF+ spermatogonia were sustained. Both neonatal prospermatogonia and the first wave spermatogenesis were greatly reduced in Akt1s1-/- mice. Further analyses suggest that OCT4+ spermatogonia in Akt1s1-/- mice possess altered PI3K/AKT-mTORC1 signaling, gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to their functionally compromised developmental potential. Collectively, these results revealed an important role of AKT1S1 in mediating the stage-specific signals that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Yang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongying Huang
- The Experimental Animal Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Tin Lap Lee
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huayu Qi
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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4
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Tucker SA, Hu SH, Vyas S, Park A, Joshi S, Inal A, Lam T, Tan E, Haigis KM, Haigis MC. SIRT4 loss reprograms intestinal nucleotide metabolism to support proliferation following perturbation of homeostasis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113975. [PMID: 38507411 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a highly metabolic tissue, but the metabolic programs that influence intestinal crypt proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration are still emerging. Here, we investigate how mitochondrial sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) affects intestinal homeostasis. Intestinal SIRT4 loss promotes cell proliferation in the intestine following ionizing radiation (IR). SIRT4 functions as a tumor suppressor in a mouse model of intestinal cancer, and SIRT4 loss drives dysregulated glutamine and nucleotide metabolism in intestinal adenomas. Intestinal organoids lacking SIRT4 display increased proliferation after IR stress, along with increased glutamine uptake and a shift toward de novo nucleotide biosynthesis over salvage pathways. Inhibition of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis diminishes the growth advantage of SIRT4-deficient organoids after IR stress. This work establishes SIRT4 as a modulator of intestinal metabolism and homeostasis in the setting of DNA-damaging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Song-Hua Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sejal Vyas
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Albert Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shakchhi Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aslihan Inal
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tiffany Lam
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Bao L, Fu L, Su Y, Chen Z, Peng Z, Sun L, Gonzalez FJ, Wu C, Zhang H, Shi B, Shi YB. Amino acid transporter SLC7A5 regulates cell proliferation and secretary cell differentiation and distribution in the mouse intestine. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2187-2201. [PMID: 38617535 PMCID: PMC11008275 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.94297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestine is critical for not only processing nutrients but also protecting the organism from the environment. These functions are mainly carried out by the epithelium, which is constantly being self-renewed. Many genes and pathways can influence intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Among them is mTORC1, whose activation increases cell proliferation. Here, we report the first intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific knockout (ΔIEC) of an amino acid transporter capable of activating mTORC1. We show that the transporter, SLC7A5, is highly expressed in mouse intestinal crypt and Slc7a5ΔIEC reduces mTORC1 signaling. Surprisingly, adult Slc7a5ΔIEC intestinal crypts have increased cell proliferation but reduced mature Paneth cells. Goblet cells, the other major secretory cell type in the small intestine, are increased in the crypts but reduced in the villi. Analyses with scRNA-seq and electron microscopy have revealed dedifferentiation of Paneth cells in Slc7a5ΔIEC mice, leading to markedly reduced secretory granules with little effect on Paneth cell number. Thus, SLC7A5 likely regulates secretory cell differentiation to affect stem cell niche and indirectly regulate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Bao
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine. No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Yijun Su
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging and Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Peng
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine. No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine. No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
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6
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Parham LR, Williams PA, Katada K, Nettleford SK, Chatterji P, Acheampong KK, Danan CH, Ma X, Simon LA, Naughton KE, Mizuno R, Karakasheva T, McMillan EA, Whelan KA, Brady DC, Shaffer SM, Hamilton KE. IGF2BP1/IMP1 Deletion Enhances a Facultative Stem Cell State via Regulation of MAP1LC3B. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:439-451. [PMID: 38081361 PMCID: PMC10835461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal epithelium interfaces with a diverse milieu of luminal contents while maintaining robust digestive and barrier functions. Facultative intestinal stem cells are cells that survive tissue injury and divide to re-establish the epithelium. Prior studies have shown autophagic state as functional marker of facultative intestinal stem cells, but regulatory mechanisms are not known. The current study evaluated a post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy as an important factor for facultative stem cell state and tissue regeneration. METHODS We evaluated stem cell composition, autophagic vesicle content, organoid formation, and in vivo regeneration in mice with intestinal epithelial deletion of the RNA binding protein IGF2 messenger RNA binding protein 1 (IMP1). The contribution of autophagy to resulting in vitro and in vivo phenotypes was evaluated via genetic inactivation of Atg7. Molecular analyses of IMP1 modulation of autophagy at the protein and transcript localization levels were performed using IMP1 mutant studies and single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS Epithelial Imp1 deletion reduced leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5 cell frequency but enhanced both organoid formation efficiency and in vivo regeneration after irradiation. We confirmed prior studies showing increased autophagy with IMP1 deletion. Deletion of Atg7 reversed the enhanced regeneration observed with Imp1 deletion. IMP1 deletion or mutation of IMP1 phosphorylation sites enhanced expression of essential autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β. Furthermore, immunofluorescence imaging coupled with single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization showed IMP1 colocalization with MAP1LC3B transcripts at homeostasis. Stress induction led to decreased colocalization. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of IMP1 enhances autophagy, which promotes intestinal regeneration via expansion of facultative intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R Parham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick A Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kay Katada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaneice K Nettleford
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kofi K Acheampong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles H Danan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlyn E Naughton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatiana Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily A McMillan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sydney M Shaffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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7
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Fan H, Wu J, Yang K, Xiong C, Xiong S, Wu X, Fang Z, Zhu J, Huang J. Dietary regulation of intestinal stem cells in health and disease. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:730-745. [PMID: 37758199 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2262780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a critical regulator for physiological metabolism and tissue homeostasis, with a close relation to health and disease. As an important organ for digestion and absorption, the intestine comes into direct contact with many dietary components. The rapid renewal of its mucosal epithelium depends on the continuous proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The function and metabolism of ISCs can be controlled by a variety of dietary patterns including calorie restriction, fasting, high-fat, ketogenic, and high-sugar diets, as well as different nutrients including vitamins, amino acids, dietary fibre, and probiotics. Therefore, dietary interventions targeting ISCs may make it possible to prevent and treat intestinal disorders such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation enteritis. This review summarised recent research on the role and mechanism of diet in regulating ISCs, and discussed the potential of dietary modulation for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Fan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoyi Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyi Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingwu Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialyu Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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8
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Arenas-Gómez CM, Garcia-Gutierrez E, Escobar JS, Cotter PD. Human gut homeostasis and regeneration: the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:764-785. [PMID: 36369718 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The healthy human gut is a balanced ecosystem where host cells and representatives of the gut microbiota interact and communicate in a bidirectional manner at the gut epithelium. As a result of these interactions, many local and systemic processes necessary for host functionality, and ultimately health, take place. Impairment of the integrity of the gut epithelium diminishes its ability to act as an effective gut barrier, can contribute to conditions associated to inflammation processes and can have other negative consequences. Pathogens and pathobionts have been linked with damage of the integrity of the gut epithelium, but other components of the gut microbiota and some of their metabolites can contribute to its repair and regeneration. Here, we review what is known about the effect of bacterial metabolites on the gut epithelium and, more specifically, on the regulation of repair by intestinal stem cells and the regulation of the immune system in the gut. Additionally, we explore the potential therapeutic use of targeted modulation of the gut microbiota to maintain and improve gut homeostasis as a mean to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marcela Arenas-Gómez
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
- Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz 202017, Colombia
| | - Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Juan S Escobar
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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9
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Yao C, Gou X, Tian C, Zhou L, Hao R, Wan L, Wang Z, Li M, Tong X. Key regulators of intestinal stem cells: diet, microbiota, and microbial metabolites. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:735-746. [PMID: 36566949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiome play an important role in human health and disease development. It is well known that such interactions, whether direct or indirect, trigger a series of metabolic reactions in the body. Evidence suggests that intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which are phenotypic precursors of various intestinal epithelial cells, play a significant role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. The advent and evolution of intestinal organoid culture techniques have presented a key opportunity to study the association between the intestinal microenvironment and ISCs. As a result, the effects exerted by dietary factors, intestinal microbiomes, and their metabolites on the metabolic regulation of ISCs and the potential mechanisms underlying such effects are being gradually revealed. This review summarises the effects of different dietary patterns on the behaviour and functioning of ISCs and focuses on the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, related metabolites, and ISCs, with the aim of fully understanding the relationship between these three factors and providing further insights into the complex mechanisms associated with ISCs in the human body. Gaining an understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the development of novel dietary interventions or drugs conducive to intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensi Yao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chuanxi Tian
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Wan
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130017, China.
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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10
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Andres SF, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Scottoline B. Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192936. [PMID: 37545496 PMCID: PMC10401430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic undernutrition is a major cause of death for children under five, leaving survivors at risk for adverse long-term consequences. This review focuses on the role of nutrients in normal intestinal development and function, from the intestinal epithelium, to the closely-associated mucosal immune system and intestinal microbiota. We examine what is known about the impacts of undernutrition on intestinal physiology, with focus again on the same systems. We provide a discussion of existing animal models of undernutrition, and review the evidence demonstrating that correcting undernutrition alone does not fully ameliorate effects on intestinal function, the microbiome, or growth. We review efforts to treat undernutrition that incorporate data indicating that improved recovery is possible with interventions focused not only on delivery of sufficient energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients, but also on efforts to correct the abnormal intestinal microbiome that is a consequence of undernutrition. Understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiome in the undernourished state and correction of the phenotype is both complex and a subject that holds great potential to improve recovery. We conclude with critical unanswered questions in the field, including the need for greater mechanistic research, improved models for the impacts of undernourishment, and new interventions that incorporate recent research gains. This review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic effects of undernutrition on the intestinal ecosystem to better treat and improve long-term outcomes for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Andres
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Kuhn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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11
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Moraitis I, Guiu J, Rubert J. Gut microbiota controlling radiation-induced enteritis and intestinal regeneration. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023:S1043-2760(23)00108-X. [PMID: 37336645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality, with nearly 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020. In many cases, radiotherapy is used for its anticancer effects. However, radiation causes healthy tissue toxicity as a side effect. In intra-abdominal and pelvic malignancies, the healthy bowel is inevitably included in the radiation field, causing radiation-induced enteritis and dramatically affecting the gut microbiome. This condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that impairs cancer patients' and survivors' quality of life. This Review provides a critical overview of the main drivers in modulating the gut microenvironment in homeostasis, disease, and injury, focusing on gut microbial metabolites and microorganisms that influence epithelial regeneration upon radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Moraitis
- Cell Plasticity and Regeneration Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program for advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jordi Guiu
- Cell Plasticity and Regeneration Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program for advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Josep Rubert
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708, WE, Netherlands; Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, 6708, WG, Netherlands.
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12
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Wang Z, Qu YJ, Cui M. Modulation of stem cell fate in intestinal homeostasis, injury and repair. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:354-368. [PMID: 37342221 PMCID: PMC10277971 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal epithelium constitutes the largest barrier against the external environment and makes flexible responses to various types of stimuli. Epithelial cells are fast-renewed to counteract constant damage and disrupted barrier function to maintain their integrity. The homeostatic repair and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium are governed by the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of crypts, which fuel rapid renewal and give rise to the different epithelial cell types. Protracted biological and physicochemical stress may challenge epithelial integrity and the function of ISCs. The field of ISCs is thus of interest for complete mucosal healing, given its relevance to diseases of intestinal injury and inflammation such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of the signals and mechanisms that control homeostasis and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. We focus on recent insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic elements involved in the process of intestinal homeostasis, injury, and repair, which fine-tune the balance between self-renewal and cell fate specification in ISCs. Deciphering the regulatory machinery that modulates stem cell fate would aid in the development of novel therapeutics that facilitate mucosal healing and restore epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Ji Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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13
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Ma Y, Lang X, Yang Q, Han Y, Kang X, Long R, Du J, Zhao M, Liu L, Li P, Liu J. Paeoniflorin promotes intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial regeneration and repair via PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling in ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110247. [PMID: 37159966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and immune-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and haematochezia. The goal of clinical therapy for UC is mucosal healing, accomplished by regenerating and repairing the intestinal epithelium. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a natural ingredient extracted from Paeonia lactiflora that has significant anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory efficacy. In this study, we investigated how PF could regulate the renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to improve the regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium in UC. Our experimental results showed that PF significantly alleviated colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and ameliorated intestinal mucosal injury by regulating the renewal and differentiation of ISCs. The mechanism by which PF regulates ISCs was confirmed to be through PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling. In vitro, we found that PF not only improved the growth of TNF-α-induced colon organoids but also increased the expression of genes and proteins related to the differentiation and regeneration of ISCs. Furthermore, PF promoted the repair ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IEC-6 cells. The mechanism by which PF regulates ISCs was further confirmed and was consistent with the in vivo results. Overall, these findings demonstrate that PF accelerates epithelial regeneration and repair by promoting the renewal and differentiation of ISCs, suggesting that PF treatment may be beneficial to mucosal healing in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China; Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaomeng Lang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qian Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xin Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Run Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | | | | | - Peitong Li
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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14
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Williams PA, Naughton KE, Simon LA, Soto GE, Parham LR, Ma X, Danan CH, Hu W, Friedman ES, McMillan EA, Mehta H, Stoltz MA, Ocaña JS, Zackular JP, Bittinger K, Whelan KA, Karakasheva TA, Hamilton KE. Intestinal epithelial autophagy is required for the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G354-G368. [PMID: 36852920 PMCID: PMC10069975 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00248.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction can enhance the regenerative capacity of the injured intestinal epithelium. Among other metabolic changes, calorie restriction can activate the autophagy pathway. Although independent studies have attributed the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction to downregulation of mTORC1, it is not known whether autophagy itself is required for the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction. We used mouse and organoid models with autophagy gene deletion to evaluate the contribution of autophagy to intestinal epithelial regeneration following calorie restriction. In the absence of injury, mice with intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of autophagy gene Atg7 (Atg7ΔIEC) exhibit weight loss and histological changes similar to wild-type mice following calorie restriction. Conversely, calorie-restricted Atg7ΔIEC mice displayed a significant reduction in regenerative crypt foci after irradiation compared with calorie-restricted wild-type mice. Targeted analyses of tissue metabolites in calorie-restricted mice revealed an association between calorie restriction and reduced glycocholic acid (GCA) in wild-type mice but not in Atg7ΔIEC mice. To evaluate whether GCA can directly modulate epithelial stem cell self-renewal, we performed enteroid formation assays with or without GCA. Wild-type enteroids exhibited reduced enteroid formation efficiency in response to GCA treatment, suggesting that reduced availability of GCA during calorie restriction may be one mechanism by which calorie restriction favors epithelial regeneration in a manner dependent upon epithelial autophagy. Taken together, our data support the premise that intestinal epithelial Atg7 is required for the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction, due in part to its role in modulating luminal GCA with direct effects on epithelial stem cell self-renewal.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Calorie restriction is associated with enhanced intestinal regeneration after irradiation, but the requirement of autophagy for this process is not known. Our data support the premise that intestinal epithelial autophagy is required for the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction. We also report that luminal levels of primary bile acid glycocholic acid are modulated by epithelial cell autophagy during calorie restriction with direct effects on epithelial stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kaitlyn E Naughton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gloria E Soto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Louis R Parham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charles H Danan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Weiming Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elliot S Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Emily A McMillan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hritik Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Madison A Stoltz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua Soto Ocaña
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Joseph P Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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15
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McKimpson WM, Spiegel S, Mukhanova M, Kraakman M, Du W, Kitamoto T, Yu J, Pajvani U, Accili D. Calorie Restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand Ghrelin cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531352. [PMID: 36945500 PMCID: PMC10028817 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction increases lifespan. While some tissue-specific protective effects of calorie restriction have been described, the impact of calorie restriction on the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. We found increased abundance of chromogranin A+, including orexigenic ghrelin+, endocrine cells in the stomach of calorie-restricted mice. This effect coincided with increased Notch target Hes1 and Notch ligand Jag1 and was reversed when Notch signaling was blocked using the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. Using primary cultures and genetically-modified reporter mice, we determined that increased endocrine cell abundance was due to altered stem and progenitor proliferation. Different from the intestine, calorie restriction decreased gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, while increasing a FOXO1/Neurog3+ subpopulation of endocrine progenitors in a Notch-dependent manner. Further, calorie restriction triggered nuclear localization of FOXO1, which was sufficient to promote endocrine cell differentiation. Taken together, the data indicate that calorie restriction promotes gastric endocrine cell differentiation triggered by active Notch signaling and regulated by FOXO1.
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16
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Bao L, Fu L, Su Y, Chen Z, Peng Z, Sun L, Gonzalez FJ, Wu C, Zhang H, Shi B, Shi YB. Amino acid transporter SLC7A5 regulates Paneth cell function to affect the intestinal inflammatory response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.24.524966. [PMID: 36789439 PMCID: PMC9928054 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.524966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is critical for not only processing and resorbing nutrients but also protecting the organism from the environment. These functions are mainly carried out by the epithelium, which is constantly being self-renewed. Many genes and pathways can influence intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Among them is mTORC1, whose activation increases cell proliferation. Here, we report the first intestinal epithelial cell-specific knockout ( ΔIEC ) of an amino acid transporter capable of activating mTORC1. We show that the transporter, SLC7A5, is highly expressed in mouse intestinal crypt and Slc7a5 ΔIEC reduces mTORC1 signaling. Surprisingly, Slc7a5 ΔIEC mice have increased cell proliferation but reduced secretory cells, particularly mature Paneth cells. scRNA-seq and electron microscopic analyses revealed dedifferentiation of Paneth cells in Slc7a5 ΔIEC mice, leading to markedly reduced secretory granules with little effect on Paneth cell number. We further show that Slc7a5 ΔIEC mice are prone to experimental colitis. Thus, SLC7A5 regulates secretory cell differentiation to affect stem cell niche and/or inflammatory response to regulate cell proliferation.
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17
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Senescent cells perturb intestinal stem cell differentiation through Ptk7 induced noncanonical Wnt and YAP signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 36631445 PMCID: PMC9834240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are implicated in aging and age-related disease, and SASP-related inflammation is thought to contribute to tissue dysfunction in aging and diseased animals. However, whether and how SASP factors influence the regenerative capacity of tissues remains unclear. Here, using intestinal organoids as a model of tissue regeneration, we show that SASP factors released by senescent fibroblasts deregulate stem cell activity and differentiation and ultimately impair crypt formation. We identify the secreted N-terminal domain of Ptk7 as a key component of the SASP that activates non-canonical Wnt / Ca2+ signaling through FZD7 in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] elicited by Ptk7 promote nuclear translocation of YAP and induce expression of YAP/TEAD target genes, impairing symmetry breaking and stem cell differentiation. Our study discovers secreted Ptk7 as a factor released by senescent cells and provides insight into the mechanism by which cellular senescence contributes to tissue dysfunction in aging and disease.
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18
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Zheng H, Zhang C, Wang Q, Feng S, Fang Y, Zhang S. The impact of aging on intestinal mucosal immune function and clinical applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029948. [PMID: 36524122 PMCID: PMC9745321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and immune molecules in the intestinal mucosa participate in innate and adaptive immunity to maintain local and systematic homeostasis. With aging, intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction will promote the emergence of age-associated diseases. Although there have been a number of studies on the impact of aging on systemic immunity, relatively fewer studies have been conducted on the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this review, we will briefly introduce the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal barrier, the impact of aging on intestinal immune cells as well as immune molecules, and the process of interaction between intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota during aging. After that we will discuss potential strategies to slow down intestinal aging in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuo Zhang,
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19
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Johnson NM, Parham LR, Na J, Monaghan KE, Kolev HM, Klochkova A, Kim MS, Danan CH, Cramer Z, Simon LA, Naughton KE, Adams‐Tzivelekidis S, Tian Y, Williams PA, Leu NA, Sidoli S, Whelan KA, Li N, Lengner CJ, Hamilton KE. Autophagic state prospectively identifies facultative stem cells in the intestinal epithelium. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55209. [PMID: 36120829 PMCID: PMC9638868 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium exhibits a rapid and efficient regenerative response to injury. Emerging evidence supports a model where plasticity of differentiated cells, particularly those in the secretory lineages, contributes to epithelial regeneration upon ablation of injury-sensitive stem cells. However, such facultative stem cell activity is rare within secretory populations. Here, we ask whether specific functional properties predict facultative stem cell activity. We utilize in vivo labeling combined with ex vivo organoid formation assays to evaluate how cell age and autophagic state contribute to facultative stem cell activity within secretory lineages. Strikingly, we find that cell age (time elapsed since cell cycle exit) does not correlate with secretory cell plasticity. Instead, high autophagic vesicle content predicts plasticity and resistance to DNA damaging injury independently of cell lineage. Our findings indicate that autophagic status prior to injury serves as a lineage-agnostic marker for the prospective identification of facultative stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M Johnson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Louis R Parham
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jeeyoon Na
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Keara E Monaghan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah M Kolev
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alena Klochkova
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melissa S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles H Danan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaitlyn E Naughton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Adams‐Tzivelekidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Patrick A Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of BiochemistryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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20
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Rios CI, Hollingsworth BA, DiCarlo AL, Esker JE, Satyamitra MM, Silverman TA, Winters TA, Taliaferro LP. Animal Care in Radiation Medical Countermeasures Studies. Radiat Res 2022; 198:514-535. [PMID: 36001810 PMCID: PMC9743977 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00211.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate/treat acute radiation syndrome and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure and develop biodosimetry signatures for use in triage and to guide medical management. The use of animal models in radiation research allows for the simulation of the biological effects of exposure in humans. Robust and well-controlled animal studies provide a platform to address basic mechanistic and safety questions that cannot be conducted in humans. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has tasked the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with identifying and funding early- through advanced-stage MCM development for radiation-induced injuries; and advancement of biodosimetry platforms and exploration of biomarkers for triage, definitive dose, and predictive purposes. Some of these NIAID-funded projects may transition to the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a component of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which is tasked with the advanced development of MCMs to include pharmacokinetic, exposure, and safety assessments in humans. Guided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Animal Rule, both NIAID and BARDA work closely with researchers to advance product and device development, setting them on a course for eventual licensure/approval/clearance of their approaches by the FDA. In August 2020, NIAID partnered with BARDA to conduct a workshop to discuss currently accepted animal care protocols and examine aspects of animal models that can influence outcomes of studies to explore MCM efficacy for potential harmonization. This report provides an overview of the two-day workshop, which includes a series of special topic presentations followed by panel discussions with subject-matter experts from academia, industry partners, and select governmental agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen I. Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - John E. Esker
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC
| | - Merriline M. Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Toby A. Silverman
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lanyn P. Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland,Corresponding author: Lanyn P. Taliaferro, PhD, DAIT, NIAID, NIH, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852;
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21
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Kaur H, Moreau R. Raptor knockdown concurrently increases the electrical resistance and paracellular permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Life Sci 2022; 308:120989. [PMID: 36152680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As a critical regulatory point of nutrient sensing, growth and metabolism, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is poised to influence intestinal homeostasis under basal conditions and in disease state. Intestinal barrier integrity ensures tissue homeostasis by closely regulating the permeability of the epithelium to lumenal contents. The role of mTORC1 in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and permeability remains to be fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we employed lentivirus-mediated knockdown of mTORC1 signaling-associated proteins Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) and TSC2 (tuberin) to ascertain the effects of constitutive activation or repression of mTORC1 activity on barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayers. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that the loss of Raptor concomitantly raised the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and para/transcellular permeability leading to a cell monolayer that is leaky for dextran yet electrically resistant to the movement of ions. Paracellular permeability was linked to the downregulation of tight junction protein expression and enhanced autophagy. Raptor-depleted cells had the highest abundance of myosin binding subunit MYPT1 concomitantly with the lowest abundance of p-MYPT1 (Thr696) and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC, Ser19) implying that MLC phosphatase activity was increased resulting in MLC relaxation. Although rapamycin suppressed mTORC1 activity and decreased the abundance of tight junction proteins in control cells, rapamycin caused a modest increase of TEER compared to Raptor knockdown. SIGNIFICANCE The study showed that epithelium paracellular permeability of small molecular weight dextran is dissociated from TEER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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22
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Yakupova EI, Bocharnikov AD, Plotnikov EY. Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Metabolism in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183842. [PMID: 36145218 PMCID: PMC9505561 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention is widely used as a therapeutic approach ranging from the treatment of neurological disorders to attempts to extend lifespan. The most important effect of various diets is a change in energy metabolism. Since muscles constitute 40% of total body mass and are one of the major sites of glucose and energy uptake, various diets primarily affect their metabolism, causing both positive and negative changes in physiology and signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss changes in the energy metabolism of muscles under conditions of the low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet/ketogenic diet (KD), fasting, or administration of exogenous ketone bodies, which are all promising approaches to the treatment of various diseases. KD's main influence on the muscle is expressed through energy metabolism changes, particularly decreased carbohydrate and increased fat oxidation. This affects mitochondrial quantity, oxidative metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and activity of enzymes. The benefits of KD for muscles stay controversial, which could be explained by its different effects on various fiber types, including on muscle fiber-type ratio. The impacts of KD or of its mimetics are largely beneficial but could sometimes induce adverse effects such as cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira I. Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.I.Y.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Alexey D. Bocharnikov
- International School of Medicine of the Future, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.I.Y.); (E.Y.P.)
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23
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Giolito MV, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone signaling in the intestinal stem cells and their niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:476. [PMID: 35947210 PMCID: PMC11072102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies emphasized the function of the thyroid hormones in stem cell biology. These hormones act through the nuclear hormone receptor TRs, which are T3-modulated transcription factors. Pioneer work on T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis showed that the crosstalk between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme is absolutely required for intestinal maturation and stem cell emergence. With the recent advances of powerful animal models and 3D-organoid cultures, similar findings have now begun to be described in mammals, where the action of T3 and TRα1 control physiological and cancer-related stem cell biology. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on the multiple functions of T3 and TRα1 in intestinal epithelium stem cells, cancer stem cells and their niche. In particular, we have highlighted the regulation of metabolic functions directly linked to normal and/or cancer stem cell biology. These findings help explain other possible mechanisms by which TRα1 controls stem cell biology, beyond the more classical Wnt and Notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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24
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Ma N, Chen X, Liu C, Sun Y, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Dietary nutrition regulates intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11263-11274. [PMID: 35694795 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which locate at the base of intestinal crypts, are key determinants of governing proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. The surrounding cells of ISCs and their related growth factors form ISC niche, supporting ISC function and self-renewal. ISC has an underappreciated but emerging role as a sensor of dietary nutrients, which fate decisions is adjusted in response to nutritional states to regulate gut homeostasis. Here, we review endogenous and exogenous factors, such as caloric restriction, fasting, fat, glucose and trace element. They instruct ISCs via mTORC1, PPAR/CPT1α, PPARγ/β-catenin, Wnt/GSK-3β pathway, respectively, jointly affect intestinal homeostasis. These dietary responses regulate ISC regenerative capacity and may be a potential target for cancer prevention. However, without precise definitions of nutrition intervene, it will be difficult to generate sufficient data to extending our knowledge of the biological response of ISC on nutrients. More accurately modeling organoids or high-throughput automated organoid culture in microcavity arrays have provided unprecedented opportunities for modeling diet-host interactions. These major advances collectively provide new insights into nutritional regulation of ISC proliferation and differentiation and drive us ever closer to breakthroughs for regenerative medicine and disease treatment by nutrition intervention in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- West Central Research & Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Benjamin DI, Both P, Benjamin JS, Nutter CW, Tan JH, Kang J, Machado LA, Klein JDD, de Morree A, Kim S, Liu L, Dulay H, Feraboli L, Louie SM, Nomura DK, Rando TA. Fasting induces a highly resilient deep quiescent state in muscle stem cells via ketone body signaling. Cell Metab 2022; 34:902-918.e6. [PMID: 35584694 PMCID: PMC9177797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term fasting is beneficial for the regeneration of multiple tissue types. However, the effects of fasting on muscle regeneration are largely unknown. Here, we report that fasting slows muscle repair both immediately after the conclusion of fasting as well as after multiple days of refeeding. We show that ketosis, either endogenously produced during fasting or a ketogenic diet or exogenously administered, promotes a deep quiescent state in muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Although deep quiescent MuSCs are less poised to activate, slowing muscle regeneration, they have markedly improved survival when facing sources of cellular stress. Furthermore, we show that ketone bodies, specifically β-hydroxybutyrate, directly promote MuSC deep quiescence via a nonmetabolic mechanism. We show that β-hydroxybutyrate functions as an HDAC inhibitor within MuSCs, leading to acetylation and activation of an HDAC1 target protein p53. Finally, we demonstrate that p53 activation contributes to the deep quiescence and enhanced resilience observed during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Benjamin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pieter Both
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joel S Benjamin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher W Nutter
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jenna H Tan
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jengmin Kang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leo A Machado
- Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM IMRB U955-E10, UPEC, ENVA, EFS, Creteil 94000, France
| | - Julian D D Klein
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hunter Dulay
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ludovica Feraboli
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon M Louie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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26
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Liu X, Jin Z, Summers S, Derous D, Li M, Li B, Li L, Speakman JR. Calorie restriction and calorie dilution have different impacts on body fat, metabolism, behavior, and hypothalamic gene expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110835. [PMID: 35584669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is a robust intervention to increase lifespan. Giving less food (calorie restriction [CR]) or allowing free access to a diluted diet with indigestible components (calorie dilution [CD]) are two methods to impose restriction. CD does not generate the same lifespan effect as CR. We compare responses of C57BL/6 mice with equivalent levels of CR and CD. The two groups have different responses in fat loss, circulating hormones, and metabolic rate. CR mice are hungrier, as assessed by behavioral assays. Although gene expression of Npy, Agrp, and Pomc do not differ between CR and CD groups, CR mice had a distinctive hypothalamic gene-expression profile with many genes related to starvation upregulated relative to CD. While both result in lower calorie intake, CR and CD are not equivalent procedures. Increased hunger under CR supports the hypothesis that hunger signaling is a key process mediating the benefits of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC; Research Group Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Zengguang Jin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephanie Summers
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Davina Derous
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Min Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC; CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, PRC.
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27
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Microenvironmental Metabolites in the Intestine: Messengers between Health and Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010046. [PMID: 35050167 PMCID: PMC8778376 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a highly absorptive organ and simultaneously constitutes the physical barrier between the host and a complex outer ecosystem. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent a special node that receives signals from the host and the environment and translates them into corresponding responses. Specific molecular communication systems such as metabolites are known to transmit information across the intestinal boundary. The gut microbiota or food-derived metabolites are extrinsic factors that influence the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium, while mitochondrial and host-derived cellular metabolites determine the identity, fitness, and regenerative capacity of IECs. Little is known, however, about the role of intrinsic and extrinsic metabolites of IECs in the initiation and progression of pathological processes such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer as well as about their impact on intestinal immunity. In this review, we will highlight the most recent contributions on the modulatory effects of intestinal metabolites in gut pathophysiology, with a particular focus on metabolites in promoting intestinal inflammation or colorectal tumorigenesis. In addition, we will provide a perspective on the role of newly identified oncometabolites from the commensal and opportunistic microbiota in shaping response and resistance to antitumor therapy.
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28
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Rinkevich B, Ballarin L, Martinez P, Somorjai I, Ben-Hamo O, Borisenko I, Berezikov E, Ereskovsky A, Gazave E, Khnykin D, Manni L, Petukhova O, Rosner A, Röttinger E, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Tiozzo S, Hobmayer B. A pan-metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:299-325. [PMID: 34617397 PMCID: PMC9292022 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long‐lived, lineage‐restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ‐restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by ‘stemness’ gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ‐cell markers, but often lack germ‐line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole‐body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape: the ‘wobbling Penrose’ landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an ‘Escherian stairwell’, in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Ildiko Somorjai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Oshrat Ben-Hamo
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Vavilova, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Eve Gazave
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Bygg 19, Gaustad Sykehus, Sognsvannsveien 21, Oslo, 0188, Norway
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Olga Petukhova
- Collection of Vertebrate Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Eric Röttinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources (IFR MARRES), 28 Avenue de Valrose, Nice, 06103, France
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche sur Mer, Cedex, France
| | - Bert Hobmayer
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr, Innsbruck, 256020, Austria
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29
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Liu ZH, Xie WW, Zan GX, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Zhou JY, Wang XQ. Lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal stem cell damage by potentiating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109640. [PMID: 34506767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cell (ISC)-driven intestinal homeostasis is subjected to dual regulation by dietary nutrients and toxins. Our study investigated the use of lauric acid (LA) to alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal epithelial damage. C57BL/6 mice in the control, LA, DON, and LA + DON groups were orally administered PBS, 10 mg/kg BW LA, 2 mg/kg BW DON, and 10 mg/kg BW LA + 2 mg/kg BW DON for 10 days. The results showed that LA increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the mice exposed to DON. Moreover, the DON-triggered impairment of jejunal morphology and barrier function was significantly improved after LA supplementation. Moreover, LA rescued ISC proliferation, inhibited intestinal cell apoptosis, and promoted ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. The jejunum crypt cells from the mice in the LA group expanded into enteroids, resulting in a significantly greater enteroid area than that in the DON group. Furthermore, LA reversed the DON-mediated inhibition of the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis in the jejunum. Our results indicated that LA accelerates ISC regeneration to repair intestinal epithelial damage after DON insult by reactivating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway, which provides new implications for the function of LA in ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Geng-Xiu Zan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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30
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Kadharusman MM, Antarianto RD, Hardiany NS. A Review of the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Stem Cell Potency. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:5-13. [PMID: 34512126 PMCID: PMC8407795 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) prolongs lifespan in various species and also minimises pathologies caused by aging. One of the characteristics seen in age-related pathologies is stem cell exhaustion. Here, we review the various impacts of CR on mammalian health mediated through stem cell potency in various tissues. This study comprised of a literature search through NCBI, Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on the impact of CR on pluripotency. In the skeletal muscle, CR acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and increases the presence of satellite cells endogenously to improve regeneration, thus causing a metabolic shift to oxidation to meet oxygen demand. In the intestinal epithelium, CR suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling in Paneth cells to shift the stem cell equilibrium towards self-renewal at the cost of differentiation. In haematopoiesis, CR prevents deterioration or maintains the function of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depending on the genetic variation of the mice. In skin and hair follicles, CR increases the thickness of the epidermis and hair growth and improves hair retention through stem cells. CR mediates the proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues, thus increasing its regenerative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Rando TA, Jones DL. Regeneration, Rejuvenation, and Replacement: Turning Back the Clock on Tissue Aging. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040907. [PMID: 34187808 PMCID: PMC8411956 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While some animals, such as planaria and hydra, appear to be capable of seemingly endless cycles of regeneration, most animals experience a gradual decline in fitness and ultimately die. The progressive loss of cell and tissue function, leading to senescence and death, is generally referred to as aging. Adult ("tissue") stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis and facilitate repair; however, age-related changes in stem cell function over time are major contributors to loss of organ function or disease in older individuals. Therefore, considerable effort is being invested in restoring stem cell function to counter degenerative diseases and age-related tissue dysfunction. Here, we will review strategies that could be used to restore stem cell function, including the use of environmental interventions, such as diet and exercise, heterochronic approaches, and cellular reprogramming. Maintaining optimal stem cell function and tissue homeostasis into late life will likely extend the amount of time older adults are able to be independent and lead healthy lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Departments of Anatomy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Maestri E, Duszka K, Kuznetsov VA. Immunity Depletion, Telomere Imbalance, and Cancer-Associated Metabolism Pathway Aberrations in Intestinal Mucosa upon Short-Term Caloric Restriction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133180. [PMID: 34202278 PMCID: PMC8267928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems cancer biology analysis of calorie restriction (CR) mechanisms and pathways has not been carried out, leaving therapeutic benefits unclear. Using metadata analysis, we studied gene expression changes in normal mouse duodenum mucosa (DM) response to short-term (2-weeks) 25% CR as a biological model. Our results indicate cancer-associated genes consist of 26% of 467 CR responding differential expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were enriched with over-expressed cell cycle, oncogenes, and metabolic reprogramming pathways that determine tissue-specific tumorigenesis, cancer, and stem cell activation; tumor suppressors and apoptosis genes were under-expressed. DEG enrichments suggest telomeric maintenance misbalance and metabolic pathway activation playing dual (anti-cancer and pro-oncogenic) roles. The aberrant DEG profile of DM epithelial cells is found within CR-induced overexpression of Paneth cells and is coordinated significantly across GI tract tissues mucosa. Immune system genes (ISGs) consist of 37% of the total DEGs; the majority of ISGs are suppressed, including cell-autonomous immunity and tumor-immune surveillance. CR induces metabolic reprogramming, suppressing immune mechanics and activating oncogenic pathways. We introduce and argue for our network pro-oncogenic model of the mucosa multicellular tissue response to CR leading to aberrant transcription and pre-malignant states. These findings change the paradigm regarding CR's anti-cancer role, initiating specific treatment target development. This will aid future work to define critical oncogenic pathways preceding intestinal lesion development and biomarkers for earlier adenoma and colorectal cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Maestri
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- Department of Biology, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Vladimir A. Kuznetsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- Bioinformatics Institute, Biomedical Sciences Institutes A*STAR, Singapore 13867, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Modulation of intestinal stem cell homeostasis by nutrients: a novel therapeutic option for intestinal diseases. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:150-158. [PMID: 34100341 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells, which are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation to mature cell types, are responsible for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that these processes are mediated, in part, through nutritional status in response to diet. Diverse dietary patterns including caloric restriction, fasting, high-fat diets, ketogenic diets and high-carbohydrate diets as well as other nutrients control intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through nutrient-sensing pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated kinase. Herein, we summarise the current understanding of how intestinal stem cells contribute to intestinal epithelial homeostasis and diseases. We also discuss the effects of diet and nutrient-sensing pathways on intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as their potential application in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Keller A, Temple T, Sayanjali B, Mihaylova MM. Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cells in Aging. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 7:72-84. [PMID: 35251892 PMCID: PMC8893351 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW From invertebrates to vertebrates, the ability to sense nutrient availability is critical for survival. Complex organisms have evolved numerous signaling pathways to sense nutrients and dietary fluctuations, which influence many cellular processes. Although both overabundance and extreme depletion of nutrients can lead to deleterious effects, dietary restriction without malnutrition can increase lifespan and promote overall health in many model organisms. In this review, we focus on age-dependent changes in stem cell metabolism and dietary interventions used to modulate stem cell function in aging. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last half-century, seminal studies have illustrated that dietary restriction confers beneficial effects on longevity in many model organisms. Many researchers have now turned to dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which these diets affect aging at the cellular level. One subpopulation of cells of particular interest are adult stem cells, the most regenerative cells of the body. It is generally accepted that the regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age, and while the metabolic requirements of each vary across tissues, the ability of dietary interventions to influence stem cell function is striking. SUMMARY In this review, we will focus primarily on how metabolism plays a role in adult stem cell homeostasis with respect to aging, with particular emphasis on intestinal stem cells while also touching on hematopoietic, skeletal muscle, and neural stem cells. We will also discuss key metabolic signaling pathways influenced by both dietary restriction and the aging process, and will examine their role in improving tissue homeostasis and lifespan. Understanding the mechanisms behind the metabolic needs of stem cells will help bridge the divide between a basic science interpretation of stem cell function and a whole-organism view of nutrition, thereby providing insight into potential dietary or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Keller
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyus Temple
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Behnam Sayanjali
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria M. Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kurup K, Matyi S, Giles CB, Wren JD, Jones K, Ericsson A, Raftery D, Wang L, Promislow D, Richardson A, Unnikrishnan A. Calorie restriction prevents age-related changes in the intestinal microbiota. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6298-6329. [PMID: 33744869 PMCID: PMC7993711 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of calorie restriction (CR) on the microbiome, fecal metabolome, and colon transcriptome of adult and old male mice was compared. Life-long CR increased microbial diversity and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and prevented the age-related changes in the microbiota, shifting it to a younger microbial and fecal metabolite profile in both C57BL/6JN and B6D2F1 mice. Old mice fed CR were enriched in the Rikenellaceae, S24-7 and Bacteroides families. The changes in the microbiome that occur with age and CR were initiated in the cecum and further modified in the colon. Short-term CR in adult mice had a minor effect on the microbiome but a major effect on the transcriptome of the colon mucosa. These data suggest that CR has a major impact on the physiological status of the gastrointestinal system, maintaining it in a more youthful state, which in turn could result in a more diverse and youthful microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kurup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stephanie Matyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Cory B. Giles
- Genes and Human Diseases Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Genes and Human Diseases Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geoscience and Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Promislow
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geoscience and Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Archana Unnikrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geoscience and Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Abstract
MTORC1 activity is critical for tissue regeneration in multiple organs and contexts. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Miao et al. describe upstream regulators of mTORC1 activity which promote paligenosis, a process where mature cells de-differentiate to acquire stem cell activity in the face of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Blood is generated throughout life by continued proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, while at the top of the hierarchy, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent. This way HSCs avoid senescence and preserve their capacity to repopulate the hematopoietic system. But HSCs are not always quiescent, proliferating extensively in conditions such as those found in the fetal liver. Understanding the elusive mechanisms that regulate HSC fate would enable us to comprehend a crucial piece of HSC biology and pave the way for ex-vivo HSC expansion with clear clinical benefit. Here we review how metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress condition impact HSCs decision to self-renew or differentiate and how these signals integrate into the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We argue that the bone marrow microenvironment continuously favors differentiation through the activation of the mTOR complex (mTORC)1 signaling, while the fetal liver microenvironment favors self-renewal through the inverse mechanism. In addition, we also postulate that strategies that have successfully achieved HSC expansion, directly or indirectly, lead to the inactivation of mTORC1. Finally, we propose a mechanism by which mTOR signaling, during cell division, conditions HSC fate. This mechanism has already been demonstrated in mature hematopoietic cells (T-cells), that face a similar decision after activation, either undergoing clonal expansion or differentiation.
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Hageman JH, Heinz MC, Kretzschmar K, van der Vaart J, Clevers H, Snippert HJG. Intestinal Regeneration: Regulation by the Microenvironment. Dev Cell 2021; 54:435-446. [PMID: 32841594 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the intestinal stem cell niche can result from mechanical stress, infections, chronic inflammation or cytotoxic therapies. Progenitor cells can compensate for insults to the stem cell population through dedifferentiation. The microenvironment modulates this regenerative response by influencing the activity of signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, and YAP/TAZ. For instance, mesenchymal cells and immune cells become more abundant after damage and secrete signaling molecules that promote the regenerative process. Furthermore, regeneration is influenced by the nutritional state, microbiome, and extracellular matrix. Here, we review how all these components cooperate to restore epithelial homeostasis in the intestine after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris H Hageman
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Heinz
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Mildred-Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Calibasi-Kocal G, Mashinchian O, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz E, Cheng CW, Yilmaz ÖH. Nutritional Control of Intestinal Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:20-35. [PMID: 33277157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and nutrition have a profound impact on organismal health and diseases, and tissue-specific adult stem cells play a crucial role in coordinating tissue maintenance by responding to dietary cues. Emerging evidence indicates that adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) actively adjust their fate decisions in response to diets and nutritional states to drive intestinal adaptation. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms mediating the dietary responses imposed by caloric intake and nutritional composition (i.e., macronutrients and micronutrients), fasting-feeding patterns, diet-induced growth factors, and microbiota on ISCs and their relevance to the beginnings of intestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Ellidokuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Departments of Pathology, Gastroenterology, and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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40
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Lu J, Temp U, Müller-Hartmann A, Esser J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Sestrin is a key regulator of stem cell function and lifespan in response to dietary amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:60-72. [PMID: 37117991 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-020-00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) promotes healthy aging in diverse species. Essential amino acids play a key role, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. The evolutionarily conserved Sestrin protein, an inhibitor of activity of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), has recently been discovered as a sensor of amino acids in vitro. Here, we show that Sestrin null mutant flies have a blunted response of lifespan to DR. A mutant Sestrin fly line, with blocked amino acid binding and TORC1 activation, showed delayed development, reduced fecundity, extended lifespan and protection against lifespan-shortening, high-protein diets. Sestrin mediated reduced intestinal stem cell activity and gut cell turnover from DR, and stem cell proliferation in response to dietary amino acids, by regulating the TOR pathway and autophagy. Sestrin expression in intestinal stem cells was sufficient to maintain gut homeostasis and extend lifespan. Sestrin is thus a molecular link between dietary amino acids, stem cell function and longevity.
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Signaling Network Centered on mTORC1 Dominates Mammalian Intestinal Stem Cell Ageing. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:842-849. [PMID: 33201440 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestine integrates the function of digestion, absorption, and barrier, which is easily damaged by the external factors upon ageing. The intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exist at the intestinal crypt base and play an indispensable role in intestinal homeostasis and regeneration. The intestine ageing contributes to malabsorption and other associated illnesses, which were considered to be related to ISCs. Here, we summarize the current research progress of mammalian ISCs ageing and pay more attention to the central regulatory role of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in regulating mammalian ISCs ageing, and its related AMPK, FOXO, Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss the interventions aimed at mTORC1 and its associated signaling pathways, which may provide potential strategies for rejuvenating aged ISCs and the therapy of age-related intestinal diseases. Graphical abstract Many signaling pathways are altered in the ageing ISCs, thereby inducing the decrease of ISC self-renewal, differentiation, and regeneration, an increasing of oxidative stress may contribute to damage to the ISCs. Interventions such as calorie restriction, fasting and so on can effectively alleviate these adverse effects.
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Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b. Commun Biol 2020; 3:611. [PMID: 33097830 PMCID: PMC7584578 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium depend on the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Although previous work has established that exogenous nutrients regulate adult stem cell activity, little is known about the regulatory effect of L-arginine on ISCs. In this study we utilize mice and small intestinal (SI) organoid models to clarify the role of L-arginine on epithelial differentiation of ISCs. We show that L-arginine increases expansion of ISCs in mice. Furthermore, CD90+ intestinal stromal cells augment stem-cell function in response to L-arginine in co-culture experiments. Mechanistically, we find that L-arginine stimulates Wnt2b secretion by CD90+ stromal cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and that blocking Wnt2b production prevents L-arginine-induced ISC expansion. Finally, we show that L-arginine treatment protects the gut in response to injury. Our findings highlight an important role for CD90+ stromal cells in L-arginine-stimulated ISC expansion.
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Di W, Lv Y, Xia F, Sheng Y, Liu J, Ding G. Improvement of intestinal stem cells and barrier function via energy restriction in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Nutr Res 2020; 81:47-57. [PMID: 32877836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the impact of energy restriction on the intestine via structural and molecular changes in terms of intestinal stem cell (ISC) function, ISC niche, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immune function. Female C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 months, fed a commercial chow were used in this study. The ISC function, ISC niche, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immune function were assessed. Energy restriction reversed aging-induced intestinal shortening and made the crypts shallower. The intestinal epithelial cells isolated from the intestine showed a significant increase in the expression levels of stem cell-associated genes in small intestinal epithelial cells as detected by flow cytometry. Despite the increase in the number of stem cells and the expression levels of markers, no increase or decrease was found in the enteroid complexity of the small intestine and colonic enteroid formation in vitro. The colonic mucous layer was measured in mice of the energy restricted (ER)-treated group to investigate the epithelial barrier function in the colon. The results revealed that the barrier was more complete. The fluorescence intensity of tight junction markers claudin-2 and zonula occludens-1 increased and the mRNA expression profiles of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and interleukin-6 decreased in the colon of mice in the ER-treated group. The beneficial effects of ER on the colon in terms of the integrity of the mucosal barrier and alleviation of inflammation were confirmed, thus highlighting the importance of modulating the intestinal function in developing effective antiaging dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Di
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Joly A, Rousset R. Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176362. [PMID: 32887329 PMCID: PMC7504256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues must adapt to the different external stimuli so that organisms can survive in their environments. The intestine is a vital organ involved in food processing and absorption, as well as in innate immune response. Its adaptation to environmental cues such as diet and biotic/abiotic stress involves regulation of the proliferative rate and a switch of division mode (asymmetric versus symmetric) of intestinal stem cells (ISC). In this review, we outline the current comprehension of the physiological and molecular mechanisms implicated in stem cell division modes in the adult Drosophila midgut. We present the signaling pathways and polarity cues that control the mitotic spindle orientation, which is the terminal determinant ensuring execution of the division mode. We review these events during gut homeostasis, as well as during its response to nutrient availability, bacterial infection, chemical damage, and aging. JNK signaling acts as a central player, being involved in each of these conditions as a direct regulator of spindle orientation. The studies of the mechanisms regulating ISC divisions allow a better understanding of how adult stem cells integrate different signals to control tissue plasticity, and of how various diseases, notably cancers, arise from their alterations.
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Spehar K, Pan A, Beerman I. Restoring aged stem cell functionality: Current progress and future directions. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1060-1077. [PMID: 32473067 PMCID: PMC7483369 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, associated with the decline of physical and cognitive abilities of humans and other mammals [Cell 2013;153:1194]. Therefore, it has become an active area of research within the aging and stem cell fields, and various techniques have been employed to mitigate the decline of stem cell function both in vitro and in vivo. While some techniques developed in model organisms are not directly translatable to humans, others show promise in becoming clinically relevant to delay or even mitigate negative phenotypes associated with aging. This review focuses on diet, treatment, and small molecule interventions that provide evidence of functional improvement in at least one type of aged adult stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Spehar
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
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Schüler SC, Gebert N, Ori A. Stem cell aging: The upcoming era of proteins and metabolites. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lengner CJ. MTorc1 at the Crossroads of Facultative Intestinal Stem Cell Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:857-858. [PMID: 32791156 PMCID: PMC7573664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lengner
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Christopher J. Lengner, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Room 309EA, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. fax: (215) 573-6810.
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Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M. Ageing, metabolism and the intestine. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50047. [PMID: 32567155 PMCID: PMC7332987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates a variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses and stressors upon ageing. The intestine is constantly challenged and requires a high renewal rate to replace damaged cells in order to maintain its barrier function. Essential for its renewal capacity are intestinal stem cells, which constantly give rise to progenitor cells that differentiate into the multiple cell types present in the epithelium. Here, we review the current state of research of how metabolism and ageing control intestinal stem cell function and epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained from model organisms that indicate how changes in metabolic signalling during ageing are a major driver for the loss of stem cell plasticity and epithelial homeostasis, ultimately affecting the resilience of an organism and limiting its lifespan. We compare findings made in mouse and Drosophila and discuss differences and commonalities in the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms in the context of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bohin N, McGowan KP, Keeley TM, Carlson EA, Yan KS, Samuelson LC. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and mTORC1 Signaling Promote the Intestinal Regenerative Response After Irradiation Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:797-810. [PMID: 32502530 PMCID: PMC7502577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal crypts have a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury from loss of crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cells. After injury, facultative stem cells (FSCs) are activated to replenish the epithelium and replace lost CBCs. Our aim was to assess the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to activate FSCs for crypt repair. METHODS The intestinal regenerative response was measured after whole body 12-Gy γ-irradiation of adult mice. IGF-1 signaling or its downstream effector mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was inhibited by administering BMS-754807 or rapamycin, respectively. Mice with inducible Rptor gene deletion were studied to test the role of mTORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. FSC activation post-irradiation was measured by lineage tracing. RESULTS We observed a coordinate increase in growth factor expression, including IGF-1, at 2 days post-irradiation, followed by a surge in mTORC1 activity during the regenerative phase of crypt repair at day 4. IGF-1 was localized to pericryptal mesenchymal cells, and IGF-1 receptor was broadly expressed in crypt progenitor cells. Inhibition of IGF-1 signaling via BMS-754807 treatment impaired crypt regeneration after 12-Gy irradiation, with no effect on homeostasis. Similarly, rapamycin inhibition of mTORC1 during the growth factor surge blunted the regenerative response. Analysis of Villin-CreERT2;Rptorfl/fl mice showed that epithelial mTORC1 signaling was essential for crypt regeneration. Lineage tracing from Bmi1-marked cells showed that rapamycin blocked FSC activation post-irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that IGF-1 signaling through mTORC1 drives crypt regeneration. We propose that IGF-1 release from pericryptal cells stimulates mTORC1 in FSCs to regenerate lost CBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin P McGowan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth A Carlson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelley S Yan
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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He D, Wu H, Xiang J, Ruan X, Peng P, Ruan Y, Chen YG, Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhang H, Habib SL, De Pinho RA, Liu H, Li B. Gut stem cell aging is driven by mTORC1 via a p38 MAPK-p53 pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:37. [PMID: 31896747 PMCID: PMC6940394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are absorbed solely by the intestinal villi. Aging of this organ causes malabsorption and associated illnesses, yet its aging mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that aging-caused intestinal villus structural and functional decline is regulated by mTORC1, a sensor of nutrients and growth factors, which is highly activated in intestinal stem and progenitor cells in geriatric mice. These aging phenotypes are recapitulated in intestinal stem cell-specific Tsc1 knockout mice. Mechanistically, mTORC1 activation increases protein synthesis of MKK6 and augments activation of the p38 MAPK-p53 pathway, leading to decreases in the number and activity of intestinal stem cells as well as villus size and density. Targeting p38 MAPK or p53 prevents or rescues ISC and villus aging and nutrient absorption defects. These findings reveal that mTORC1 drives aging by augmenting a prominent stress response pathway in gut stem cells and identify p38 MAPK as an anti-aging target downstream of mTORC1. Intestinal aging is associated with declines in structure and absorption of nutrients. Here, the authors show that aging related intestinal decline is mediated by activation of the mTORC1-p38MAPK-p53 pathway in intestinal stem cells and can be ameliorated by abrogating mTORC1 or p38MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongguang Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinnan Xiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinsen Ruan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peike Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- A-STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Samy L Habib
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Ronald A De Pinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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