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Pernicová N, Urban O, Čáslavský J, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Sochová I, Peñuelas J, Bošeľa M, Trnka M. Impacts of elevated CO 2 levels and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure along an altitudinal gradient are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171173. [PMID: 38401718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of water use in plants, a critical ecophysiological parameter closely related to water and carbon cycles, is essential for understanding the interactions between plants and their environment. This study investigates the effects of ongoing climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on intrinsic (stomata-based; iWUE) and evaporative (transpiration-based; eWUE) water use efficiency in oak trees along a naturally small altitudinal gradient (130-630 m a.s.l.) of Vihorlat Mountains (eastern Slovakia, Central Europe). To assess changes in iWUE and eWUE values over the past 60 years (1961-2020), stable carbon isotope ratios in latewood cellulose (δ13Ccell) of annually resolved tree rings were analyzed. Such an approach was sensitive enough to distinguish tree responses to growth environments at different altitudes. Our findings revealed a rising trend in iWUE, particularly in oak trees at low and middle altitudes. However, this increase was negligible at high altitudes. Warmer and drier conditions at lower altitudes likely led to significant stomatal closure and enhanced efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake due to rising CO2 concentration. Conversely, the increasing intracellular-to-ambient CO2 ratio (Ci/Ca) at higher altitudes indicated lower efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake. In contrast to iWUE, eWUE showed no increasing trends over the last 60 years. This suggests that the positive impacts of elevated CO2 concentrations and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). These differences underscore the importance of the correct interpretation of stomata-based and transpiration-based WUEs and highlight the necessity of atmospheric VPD correction when applying tree-ring δ13C-derived WUE at ecosystem and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Pernicová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michal Bošeľa
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Jordan R, Harrison PA, Breed M. The eco-evolutionary risks of not changing seed provenancing practices in changing environments. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14348. [PMID: 38288869 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Sourcing seed from local populations has been the long-standing default for native restoration plantings for numerous eco-evolutionary reasons. However, rapidly changing environments are revealing risks associated with both non-local and local provenancing. As alternative strategies gain interest, we argue to progress seed sourcing discussions towards developing risk-based decision-making that weighs the risks of changing and not changing in a changing environment, transcending historic default positions and local versus non-local debates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A Harrison
- Australian Research Council Centre for Forest Value & School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Martin Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Gobbi A, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A. Pest categorisation of Malacosoma parallela. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8549. [PMID: 38260770 PMCID: PMC10801436 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Malacosoma parallela (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) for the territory of the European Union, following commodity risk assessments of Berberis thunbergii, Malus domestica, Prunus persica and P. dulcis plants for planting from Türkiye, in which M. parallela came to attention as of possible concern. M. parallela is commonly known as the mountain ring silk moth and is a polyphagous leaf-eating pest in west-central Asia, primarily feeding on deciduous trees and shrubs, and known to cause serious damage to Malus, Prunus, and Quercus species. It is found at a range of altitudes from 130 m to 3000 m although most common above 1000 m. It is a univoltine species. Eggs are laid in masses on twigs and branches in the summer and larvae hatch the following spring to feed on buds and fresh leaves. Host plants can be completely defoliated. Plants for planting and cut branches provide pathways for entry, especially if infested with egg masses. Host availability and climate suitability suggest that parts of the EU would be suitable for establishment. Adults can fly and the pest could spread naturally within the EU although adults only live for a few days. Faster and more extensive spread is therefore more likely via egg masses moved on plants for planting. The introduction of M. parallela into the EU could lead to outbreaks causing damage to deciduous trees and shrubs in forests and orchards. Phytosanitary measures are available to inhibit the entry and spread of this species. M. parallela satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Aihara T, Araki K, Onuma Y, Cai Y, Paing AMM, Goto S, Hisamoto Y, Tomaru N, Homma K, Takagi M, Yoshida T, Iio A, Nagamatsu D, Kobayashi H, Hirota M, Uchiyama K, Tsumura Y. Divergent mechanisms of reduced growth performance in Betula ermanii saplings from high-altitude and low-latitude range edges. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 131:387-397. [PMID: 37940658 PMCID: PMC10673911 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduced growth performance of individuals from range edges is a common phenomenon in various taxa, and considered to be an evolutionary factor that limits the species' range. However, most studies did not distinguish between two mechanisms that can lead to this reduction: genetic load and adaptive selection to harsh conditions. To address this lack of understanding, we investigated the climatic and genetic factors underlying the growth performance of Betula ermanii saplings transplanted from 11 populations including high-altitude edge and low-latitude edge population. We estimated the climatic position of the populations within the overall B. ermanii's distribution, and the genetic composition and diversity using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, and measured survival, growth rates and individual size of the saplings. The high-altitude edge population (APW) was located below the 95% significance interval for the mean annual temperature range, but did not show any distinctive genetic characteristics. In contrast, the low-latitude edge population (SHK) exhibited a high level of linkage disequilibrium, low genetic diversity, a distinct genetic composition from the other populations, and a high relatedness coefficient. Both APW and SHK saplings displayed lower survival rates, heights and diameters, while SHK saplings also exhibited lower growth rates than the other populations' saplings. The low heights and diameters of APW saplings was likely the result of adaptive selection to harsh conditions, while the low survival and growth rates of SHK saplings was likely the result of genetic load. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the reduced growth performance of range-edge populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Aihara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kyoko Araki
- Garden Division, Maintenance and Works Department, the Imperial Household Agency, 1-1, Chiyoda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8111, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Onuma
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yihan Cai
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aye Myat Myat Paing
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Susumu Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Hisamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tomaru
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Cikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0804, Japan
| | - Kosuke Homma
- Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, 1101-1, Niibokatagami, Sado, Niigata, 952-0103, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen kibanadai nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yoshida
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Iio
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836, Ohtani, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8017, Japan
| | - Dai Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hajime Kobayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa-mura, Kamiina-gun, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hirota
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchiyama
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tsumura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Pretzsch H, Del Río M, Arcangeli C, Bielak K, Dudzinska M, Forrester DI, Klädtke J, Kohnle U, Ledermann T, Matthews R, Nagel J, Nagel R, Ningre F, Nord-Larsen T, Biber P. Forest growth in Europe shows diverging large regional trends. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15373. [PMID: 37716997 PMCID: PMC10505178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forests cover about one-third of Europe's surface and their growth is essential for climate protection through carbon sequestration and many other economic, environmental, and sociocultural ecosystem services. However, reports on how climate change affects forest growth are contradictory, even for same regions. We used 415 unique long-term experiments including 642 plots across Europe covering seven tree species and surveys from 1878 to 2016, and showed that on average forest growth strongly accelerated since the earliest surveys. Based on a subset of 189 plots in Scots pine (the most widespread tree species in Europe) and high-resolution climate data, we identified clear large-regional differences; growth is strongly increasing in Northern Europe and decreasing in the Southwest. A less pronounced increase, which is probably not mainly driven by climate, prevails on large areas of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. The identified regional growth trends suggest adaptive management on regional level for achieving climate-smart forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute iuFOR, University Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miren Del Río
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC, Ctra a Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kamil Bielak
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Dudzinska
- Department of Forest Management, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Poland
| | - David Ian Forrester
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Klädtke
- Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Abteilung Waldwachstum, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kohnle
- Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Abteilung Waldwachstum, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ledermann
- Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jürgen Nagel
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt Sachgebiet Ertragskunde, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Nagel
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt Sachgebiet Ertragskunde, Göttingen, Germany
| | - François Ningre
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Section for Forest and Bioresources, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Biber
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Cai L, Kreft H, Taylor A, Schrader J, Dawson W, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Winter M, Weigelt P. Climatic stability and geological history shape global centers of neo- and paleoendemism in seed plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300981120. [PMID: 37459510 PMCID: PMC10372566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300981120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the distribution of geographically restricted and evolutionarily unique species and their underlying drivers is key to understanding biogeographical processes and critical for global conservation prioritization. Here, we quantified the geographic distribution and drivers of phylogenetic endemism for ~320,000 seed plants worldwide and identified centers and drivers of evolutionarily young (neoendemism) and evolutionarily old endemism (paleoendemism). Tropical and subtropical islands as well as tropical mountain regions displayed the world's highest phylogenetic endemism. Most tropical rainforest regions emerged as centers of paleoendemism, while most Mediterranean-climate regions showed high neoendemism. Centers where high neo- and paleoendemism coincide emerged on some oceanic and continental fragment islands, in Mediterranean-climate regions and parts of the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Global variation in phylogenetic endemism was well explained by a combination of past and present environmental factors (79.8 to 87.7% of variance explained) and most strongly related to environmental heterogeneity. Also, warm and wet climates, geographic isolation, and long-term climatic stability emerged as key drivers of phylogenetic endemism. Neo- and paleoendemism were jointly explained by climatic and geological history. Long-term climatic stability promoted the persistence of paleoendemics, while the isolation of oceanic islands and their unique geological histories promoted neoendemism. Mountainous regions promoted both neo- and paleoendemism, reflecting both diversification and persistence over time. Our study provides insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of biogeographical patterns in seed plants and identifies the areas on Earth with the highest evolutionary and biogeographical uniqueness-key information for setting global conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cai
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, University Vienna, Vienna1030, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou318000, China
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen37077, Germany
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Rotbarth R, Van Nes EH, Scheffer M, Jepsen JU, Vindstad OPL, Xu C, Holmgren M. Northern expansion is not compensating for southern declines in North American boreal forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3373. [PMID: 37291123 PMCID: PMC10250320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to shift the boreal biome northward through expansion at the northern and contraction at the southern boundary respectively. However, biome-scale evidence of such a shift is rare. Here, we used remotely-sensed tree cover data to quantify temporal changes across the North American boreal biome from 2000 to 2019. We reveal a strong north-south asymmetry in tree cover change, coupled with a range shrinkage of tree cover distributions. We found no evidence for tree cover expansion in the northern biome, while tree cover increased markedly in the core of the biome range. By contrast, tree cover declined along the southern biome boundary, where losses were related largely to wildfires and timber logging. We show that these contrasting trends are structural indicators for a possible onset of a biome contraction which may lead to long-term carbon declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Rotbarth
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Egbert H Van Nes
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Uhd Jepsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Shi H, Zhou Q, He R, Zhang Q, Dang H. Asymmetric effects of daytime and nighttime warming on alpine treeline recruitment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3463-3475. [PMID: 36897639 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Trees at their upper range limits are highly sensitive to climate change, and thus alpine treelines worldwide have changed their recruitment patterns in response to climate warming. However, previous studies focused only on daily mean temperature, neglecting the asymmetric influences of daytime and nighttime warming on recruitments in alpine treelines. Here, based on the compiled dataset of tree recruitment series from 172 alpine treelines across the Northern Hemisphere, we quantified and compared the different effects of daytime and nighttime warming on treeline recruitment using four indices of temperature sensitivity, and assessed the responses of treeline recruitment to warming-induced drought stress. Our analyses demonstrated that even in different environmental regions, both daytime and nighttime warming could significantly promote treeline recruitment, and however, treeline recruitment was much more sensitive to nighttime warming than to daytime warming, which could be attributable to the presence of drought stress. The increasing drought stress primarily driven by daytime warming rather than by nighttime warming would likely constrain the responses of treeline recruitment to daytime warming. Our findings provided compelling evidence that nighttime warming rather than daytime warming could play a primary role in promoting the recruitment in alpine treelines, which was related to the daytime warming-induced drought stress. Thus, daytime and nighttime warming should be considered separately to improve future projections of global change impacts across alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Rui He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Quanfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Haishan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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9
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Míguez S, Torre I, Arrizabalaga A, Freixas L. Influences of Maternal Weight and Geographic Factors on Offspring Traits of the Edible Dormouse in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051223. [PMID: 37240868 DOI: 10.3390/life13051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to analyze the reproductive patterns of edible dormouse (Glis glis) populations in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula using an 18-year period of data obtained from nest boxes collected between 2004 and 2021. The average litter size in Catalonia (Spain) was 5.5 ± 1.60 (range: 2-9, n = 131), with litter sizes between 5 and 7 pups as the more frequent. The overall mean weight in pink, grey and open eyes pups was 4.8 g/pup, 11.7 g/pup and 23.6 g/pup, respectively. No differences in offspring weights between sexes were found in any of the three age groups. Maternal body weight was positively associated with mean pup weight, whereas no correlation between the weight of the mothers and litter size was found. The trade-off between offspring number and size was not detected at birth. Regarding litter size variation across the geographic gradient (and their climatic gradient associated) from the southernmost populations of the Iberian Peninsula located in Catalonia to the Pyrenees region in Andorra, no evidence to suggest that geographic variables affect litter size was found, discarding (1) an investment in larger litters to compensate shorter seasons related to higher altitudes or northern latitudes, and (2) variation in litter size related to weather changes (e.g., temperature and precipitation) along latitudinal and/or altitudinal gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignasi Torre
- BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, C/Francesc Macià 51, E-08402 Granollers, Spain
| | - Antoni Arrizabalaga
- BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, C/Francesc Macià 51, E-08402 Granollers, Spain
| | - Lídia Freixas
- BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, C/Francesc Macià 51, E-08402 Granollers, Spain
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Khan R, Hill RS, Liu J, Biffin E. Diversity, Distribution, Systematics and Conservation Status of Podocarpaceae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1171. [PMID: 36904033 PMCID: PMC10005643 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among conifer families, Podocarpaceae is the second largest, with amazing diversity and functional traits, and it is the dominant Southern Hemisphere conifer family. However, comprehensive studies on diversity, distribution, systematic and ecophysiological aspects of the Podocarpaceae are sparse. We aim to outline and evaluate the current and past diversity, distribution, systematics, ecophysiological adaptations, endemism, and conservation status of podocarps. We analyzed data on the diversity and distribution of living and extinct macrofossil taxa and combined it with genetic data to reconstruct an updated phylogeny and understand historical biogeography. Podocarpaceae today contains 20 genera and approximately 219 taxa (201 species, 2 subspecies, 14 varieties and 2 hybrids) placed in three clades, plus a paraphyletic group/grade of four distinct genera. Macrofossil records show the presence of more than 100 podocarp taxa globally, dominantly from the Eocene-Miocene. Australasia (New Caledonia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and Malesia) is the hotspot of living podocarps diversity. Podocarps also show remarkable adaptations from broad to scale leaves, fleshy seed cones, animal dispersal, shrubs to large trees, from lowland to alpine regions and rheophyte to a parasite (including the only parasitic gymnosperm-Parasitaxus) and a complex pattern of seed and leaf functional trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Robert S. Hill
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ed Biffin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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11
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Zhao L, Gao R, Liu J, Liu L, Li R, Men L, Zhang Z. Effects of Environmental Factors on the Spatial Distribution Pattern and Diversity of Insect Communities along Altitude Gradients in Guandi Mountain, China. INSECTS 2023; 14:224. [PMID: 36975909 PMCID: PMC10058187 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution patterns and underlying maintenance mechanisms of insect species is a core issue in the field of insect ecology. However, research gaps remain regarding the environmental factors that determine the distribution of insect species along altitudinal gradients in Guandi Mountain, China. Here, we explored these determinants based on the distribution pattern and diversity of insect species from 1600 m to 2800 m in the Guandi Mountain, which covers all typical vegetation ecosystems in this area. Our results showed that the insect community showed certain differentiation characteristics with the altitude gradient. The results of RDA and correlation analysis also support the above speculation and indicate that soil physicochemical properties are closely related to the distribution and diversity of insect taxa orders along the altitude gradient. In addition, the soil temperature showed an obvious decreasing trend with increasing altitude, and temperature was also the most significant environmental factor affecting the insect community structure and diversity on the altitude gradient. These findings provide a reference for exploring the maintenance mechanisms affecting the structure, distribution pattern, and diversity of insect communities in mountain ecosystems, and the effects of global warming on insect communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ruihe Gao
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Rongjiao Li
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lina Men
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
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12
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Li YS, Liao PC, Chang CT, Hwang SY. Pattern of Adaptive Divergence in Zingiber kawagoii Hayata (Zingiberaceae) along a Narrow Latitudinal Range. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192490. [PMID: 36235357 PMCID: PMC9573048 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary processes linking adaptation to environment are related to species’ range shifts. In this study, we employed amplified-fragment-length-polymorphism-based genome scan methods to identify candidate loci among Zingiber kawagoii populations inhabiting varying environments distributed at low to middle elevations (143–1488 m) in a narrow latitudinal range (between 21.90 and 25.30° N). Here, we show evidence of selection driving the divergence of Z. kawagoii. Twenty-six FST outliers were detected, which were significantly correlated with various environmental variables. The allele frequencies of nine FST outliers were either positively or negatively correlated with the population mean FST. Using several independent approaches, we found environmental variables act in a combinatorial fashion, best explaining outlier genetic variation. Nonetheless, we found that adaptive divergence was affected mostly by annual temperature range, and it is significantly positively correlated with latitude and significantly negatively correlated with the population mean FST. This study addresses a latitudinal pattern of changes in annual temperature range (which ranged from 13.8 °C in the Lanyu population to 18.5 °C in the Wulai population) and emphasizes the pattern of latitudinal population divergence closely linked to the allele frequencies of adaptive loci, acting in a narrow latitudinal range. Our results also indicate environmentally dependent local adaptation for both leading- and trailing-edge populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shao Li
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Tingchow Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Tingchow Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Te Chang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 1727 Taiwan Boulevard, Section 4, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Hwang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Tingchow Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7749-6250
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13
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Rocha-Ugalde O, Martínez-Ávalos JG, de la Rosa-Manzano E, Ortega-Rodríguez JM, Sáenz-Romero C. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BIOMES OF TAMAULIPAS AND BIOSPHERE RESERVES, EL CIELO AND SIERRA DE TAMAULIPAS, IN MEXICO. SOUTHWEST NAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onésimo Rocha-Ugalde
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, División del Golfo 356, Colonia La Libertad, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, C.P. 87019, México (ORU, JGMA, ERM)
| | - José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, División del Golfo 356, Colonia La Libertad, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, C.P. 87019, México (ORU, JGMA, ERM)
| | - Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, División del Golfo 356, Colonia La Libertad, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, C.P. 87019, México (ORU, JGMA, ERM)
| | - Juan Manuel Ortega-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco José Mujica s/n, Edificio C-2, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58030, México (JMOR)
| | - Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Colonia Nueva Esperanza, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58337, México (CSR)
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14
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Analysis of Tree Species Suitability for Plantation Forests in Beijing (China) Using an Optimal Random Forest Algorithm. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For afforestation, it is necessary to consider habitat conditions and their impact on specific tree species, in order to enable the selection of appropriate species to improve forest productivity and stand stability. Based on the 2014 Beijing forest management inventory data, we evaluated site quality using theoretical growth equations and quantile regression; we analyzed the effects of climate, topography, and soil variables on the growth of six main tree species using random forest models optimized by a genetic algorithm; and we mapped the potential habitat of six main tree species in Beijing. The results showed that climatic factors were the most important factors affecting tree growth. The prediction models had good accuracy, with an AUC of 0.75–0.85. Among the six main tree species studied, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. was suitable for all of Beijing’s forest land. Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco, Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. and Salix matsudana Koidz. were suitable for the mountainous areas, while Sophora japonica Linn. and Populus tomentosa Carr. were suitable for planting in the plains area of southeast Beijing. The optimized random forest model applied in this study gives insight into the distribution suitability of the main tree species in Beijing, and could serve as a reference for afforestation design.
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Aurelle D, Thomas S, Albert C, Bally M, Bondeau A, Boudouresque C, Cahill AE, Carlotti F, Chenuil A, Cramer W, Davi H, De Jode A, Ereskovsky A, Farnet A, Fernandez C, Gauquelin T, Mirleau P, Monnet A, Prévosto B, Rossi V, Sartoretto S, Van Wambeke F, Fady B. Biodiversity, climate change, and adaptation in the Mediterranean. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Aurelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS Sorbonne Université, EPHE Paris France
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Aix Marseille Université, Labex‐OT‐Med Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Cécile Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Marc Bally
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO Marseille France
| | - Alberte Bondeau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | | | | | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO Marseille France
| | - Anne Chenuil
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Hendrik Davi
- INRAE, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM) Avignon France
| | - Aurélien De Jode
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
- Department of Marine Sciences‐Tjärnö University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
- Saint‐Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Anne‐Marie Farnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | | | - Thierry Gauquelin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Pascal Mirleau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | | | | | - Vincent Rossi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO Marseille France
| | | | - France Van Wambeke
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO Marseille France
| | - Bruno Fady
- INRAE, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM) Avignon France
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16
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Prakash A, DeYoung S, Lachmuth S, Adams JL, Johnsen K, Butnor JR, Nelson DM, Fitzpatrick MC, Keller SR. Genotypic variation and plasticity in climate-adaptive traits after range expansion and fragmentation of red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210008. [PMID: 35184589 PMCID: PMC8859516 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting range limits are predicted for many species as the climate warms. However, the rapid pace of climate change will challenge the natural dispersal capacity of long-lived, sessile organisms such as forest trees. Adaptive responses of populations will, therefore, depend on levels of genetic variation and plasticity for climate-responsive traits, which likely vary across the range due to expansion history and current patterns of selection. Here, we study levels of genetic and plastic variation for phenology and growth traits in populations of red spruce (Picea rubens), from the range core to the highly fragmented trailing edge. We measured more than 5000 offspring sampled from three genetically distinct regions (core, margin and edge) grown in three common gardens replicated along a latitudinal gradient. Genetic variation in phenology and growth showed low to moderate heritability and differentiation among regions, suggesting some potential to respond to selection. Phenology traits were highly plastic, but this plasticity was generally neutral or maladaptive in the effect on growth, revealing a potential liability under warmer climates. These results suggest future climate adaptation will depend on the regional availability of genetic variation in red spruce and provide a resource for the design and management of assisted gene flow. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoob Prakash
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sonia DeYoung
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Susanne Lachmuth
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA
| | - Jacquelyne L. Adams
- Bent Creek Experimental Forest, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC 28806, USA
| | - Kurt Johnsen
- Bent Creek Experimental Forest, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC 28806, USA
| | - John R. Butnor
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - David M. Nelson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA
| | - Matthew C. Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA
| | - Stephen R. Keller
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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17
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Ericaceous vegetation of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia will prevail in the face of climate change. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1858. [PMID: 35115621 PMCID: PMC8813939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change impacts the structure, functioning, and distribution of species and ecosystems. It will shift ecosystem boundaries, potentially affecting vulnerable ecosystems, such as tropical Africa's high mountain ecosystems, i.e., afroalpine ecosystems, and their highly susceptible uniquely adapted species. However, ecosystems along these mountains are not expected to respond similarly to the change. The ericaceous woody vegetation, located between the low-elevation broadleaf forests and high-elevation afroalpine vegetation, are anticipated to be affected differently. We hypothesize that projected climate change will result in an upward expansion and increasing dominance of ericaceous vegetation, which will negatively impact the endemic rich afroalpine ecosystems of the extensive Sanetti plateau. Hence, we modeled the impact of future climate change on the distribution of ericaceous vegetation and discussed its effect on bordering ecosystems in the Bale Mountains. We applied four familiar correlative modeling approaches: bioclim, domain, generalized linear methods, and support vector machines. We used WorldClim’s bioclimatic variables as environmental predictors and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report climate change scenarios, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for future climate projection. The results indicate increased ericaceous vegetation cover on the midaltitude of northwestern and northern parts of the massif, and the Sanetti plateau. We observed upward range expansion and increase of close ericaceous vegetation in midaltitudes, while receding from the lower range across the massif. Moreover, the current ericaceous vegetation range correlates to the temperature and precipitation trends, reaffirming the critical role of temperature and precipitation in determining species distributions along elevational gradients. The results indicate the high likelihood of considerable changes in this biodiversity hotspot in Eastern Africa.
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18
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Quarrell NJ, Strickland D, Norris DR. Investigating factors that set the lower elevational limit of Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biotic and abiotic factors responsible for determining ranges of most species are poorly understood. The Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766)) relies on perishable cached food for over-winter survival and late-winter breeding and the persistence of cached food could be a driver of range limits. We confirmed that the Canada Jay’s lower elevational limit on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, matches that of the subalpine zone (900 m) and then conducted simulated caching experiments to examine the influence of antimicrobial properties of subalpine tree species (biotic) and of temperature (abiotic) on the preservation of cached food. We found that two high-elevation species, yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) D.P. Little) and Amabilis fir (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes), preserved cached blueberries and chicken flesh better than other trees, but they also occurred well below the lower limit of Canada Jays. The effect of temperature was similarly unclear; while food cached at 1150 m retained 17% more mass than food cached at 550 m, there was no difference in percent mass remaining of food placed 70 m above versus 120 m below the Canada Jay’s lower elevational limit. Thus, we were unable to provide definitive evidence that either of the proposed abiotic or biotic factors was responsible for setting thelower elevational limit of resident Canada Jays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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19
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Godsoe W, Bellingham P, Moltchanova E. Disentangling niche theory and beta diversity change. Am Nat 2021; 199:510-522. [DOI: 10.1086/718592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Jiang Y, Ju T, Neaves LE, Li J, Tan W, Huang Y, Liu Y, Mao K. Distinct Genetic Structure Reflects Ploidy Level Differentiation in Newly Discovered, Extremely Small Populations of Xanthocyparis vietnamensis from Southwestern China. Front Genet 2021; 12:733576. [PMID: 34790221 PMCID: PMC8591046 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.733576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Population genetic assessment is crucial for the conservation and management of threatened species. Xanthocyparis vietnamensis is an endangered species that is currently restricted to karst mountains in southwestern China and Vietnam. This rare conifer was first recorded in 2002 from northern Vietnam and then in 2013 from Guangxi, China, yet nothing is known about its genetic diversity nor ploidy level variation, although previous cytological study suggest that Vietnamese populations are tetraploids. There have been about 45 individuals found to date in Guangxi, China. Here, we genotyped 33 X. vietnamensis individuals using 20 newly developed, polymorphic microsatellite loci, to assess the genetic variability of its extremely small populations. The genetic diversity of X. vietnamensis (HE = 0.511) was lower than that of two other heliophile species, Calocedrus macrolepis and Fokienia hodginsii, which have similar distribution ranges. This is consistent with the signature of a genetic bottleneck detected in X. vietnamensis. Although the population genetic differentiation coefficient across loci is moderate (FST = 0.125), STRUCTURE analysis revealed two distinct genetic clusters, namely the northern and southern population groups; DAPC analysis grouped the southern populations together in one cluster separate from the northern populations; AMOVA analysis detected a significant genetic differentiation between the two population groups (FRT = 0.089, p < 0.05), and BARRIER analysis detected a genetic barrier between them. Moreover, we detected differentiation in ploidy level between northern and southern populations, sampled individuals from the former and the later are all diploid and tetraploid cytotypes with mean genome sizes of 26.08 and 48.02 pg/2C, respectively. We deduced that heterogeneous geomorphology and historical events (e.g., human deforestation, Quaternary climate oscillations) may have contributed to population fragmentation and small population size in X. vietnamensis. Considering both genetic and ploidy level differentiation, we propose that two different management units (northern and southern) should be considered and a combination of in situ and ex situ conservation measures should be employed to preserve populations of this endangered species in southwestern China in the light of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tsam Ju
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linda E Neaves
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weining Tan
- Administration of Mulun National Nature Reserve of Guangxi, Huanjiang, China
| | - Yusong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
| | - Kangshan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Beissinger SR, Riddell EA. Why Are Species’ Traits Weak Predictors of Range Shifts? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-092849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examine the evidence linking species’ traits to contemporary range shifts and find they are poor predictors of range shifts that have occurred over decades to a century. We then discuss reasons for the poor performance of traits for describing interspecific variation in range shifts from two perspectives: ( a) factors associated with species’ traits that degrade range-shift signals stemming from the measures used for species’ traits, traits that are typically not analyzed, and the influence of phylogeny on range-shift potential and ( b) issues in quantifying range shifts and relating them to species’ traits due to imperfect detection of species, differences in the responses of altitudinal and latitudinal ranges, and emphasis on testing linear relationships between traits and range shifts instead of nonlinear responses. Improving trait-based approaches requires a recognition that traits within individuals interact in unexpected ways and that different combinations of traits may be functionally equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Beissinger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eric A. Riddell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50050, USA
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22
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Fuentes G, González F, Saavedra J, López-Sepúlveda P, Victoriano PF, Stuessy TF, Ruiz-Ponce E. Assessing signals of selection and historical demography to develop conservation strategies in the Chilean emblematic Araucaria araucana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20504. [PMID: 34654850 PMCID: PMC8521589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of genetic diversity reduces the ability of species to evolve and respond to environmental change. Araucaria araucana is an emblematic conifer species from southern South America, with important ethnic value for the Mapuche people (Pehuenche); the Chilean Government has catalogued its conservation status as vulnerable. Climatic fluctuations were potentially a major impact in the genetic variation within many tree species. In this context, the restricted geographic distribution of A. araucana in Chile appears to be a consequence of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During the past two centuries, strong human intervention has also affected the geographical distribution and population sizes of A. araucana. Reduction of population size may cause loss of genetic diversity, which could affect frequency of adaptive loci. The aims of this study were to know the existence of potential loci under selection and populations with genetic, demographic disequilibrium in the Chilean distribution of A. araucana. Based on 268 polymorphic AFLP loci, we have investigated potential loci under selection and genetic, demographic disequilibrium within seven Chilean populations of Araucaria araucana. Correlation of 41 outlier loci with the environmental variables of precipitation and temperature reveals signatures of selection, whereas 227 neutral loci provide estimates of demographic equilibrium and genetic population structure. Three populations are recommended as priorities for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Fuentes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fidelina González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Javier Saavedra
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Patricio López-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pedro F Victoriano
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tod F Stuessy
- Herbarium and Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Ponce
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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23
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Daco L, Colling G, Matthies D. Altitude and latitude have different effects on population characteristics of the widespread plant Anthyllis vulneraria. Oecologia 2021; 197:537-549. [PMID: 34601636 PMCID: PMC8505396 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Widespread plants may provide natural models for how population processes change with temperature and other environmental variables and how they may respond to global change. Similar changes in temperature can occur along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients, but hardly any study has compared the effects of the two types of gradients. We studied populations of Anthyllis vulneraria along a latitudinal gradient from Central Europe to the range limit in the North and an altitudinal gradient in the Alps from 500 m to the altitudinal limit at 2500 m, both encompassing a change in annual mean temperature of c. 11.5 °C. Plant size and reproduction decreased, but plant density increased along both gradients, indicating higher recruitment and demographic compensation among vital rates. Our results support the view that demographic compensation may be common in widespread species in contrast to the predictions of the abundant centre model of biogeography. Variation in temperature along the gradients had the strongest effects on most population characteristics, followed by that in precipitation, solar radiation, and soil nutrients. The proportion of plants flowering, seed set and seed mass declined with latitude, while the large variation in these traits along the altitudinal gradient was not related to elevation and covarying environmental variables like annual mean temperature. This suggests that it will be more difficult to draw conclusions about the potential impacts of future climate warming on plant populations in mountains, because of the importance of small-scale variation in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Daco
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Münster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Fondation Faune-Flore, 24 rue Münster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Colling
- Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Münster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Diethart Matthies
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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24
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Zangiabadi S, Zaremaivan H, Brotons LI, Mostafavi H, Ranjbar H. Using climatic variables alone overestimate climate change impacts on predicting distribution of an endemic species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256918. [PMID: 34473770 PMCID: PMC8412407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species distribution is constrained by both dynamic and static environmental variables. However, relative contribution of dynamic and static variables in determining species distributions is not clear and has far reaching implications for range change dynamics in a changing world. Prunus eburnea (Spach) Aitch. & Hemsl. is an endemic and medicinal plant species of Iran. It has rendered itself as ecologically important for its functions and services and is currently in need of habitat conservation measures requiring investigation of future potential distribution range. We conducted sampling of 500 points that cover most of Iran plateau and recorded the P. eburnea presence and absence during the period 2015-2017. In this study, we evaluated impacts of using only climatic variables versus combined with topographic and edaphic variables on accuracy criteria and predictive ability of current and future habitat suitability of this species under climate change (CCSM4, RCP 2.6 in 2070) by generalized linear model and generalized boosted model. Models' performances were evaluated using area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and the true skill statistic. Then, we evaluated here, driving environmental variables determining the distribution of P. eburnea by using principal component analysis and partitioning methods. Our results indicated that prediction with high accuracy of the spatial distribution of P. eburnea requires both climate information, as dynamic primary factors, but also detailed information on soil and topography variables, as static factors. The results emphasized that environmental variable grouping influenced the modelling prediction ability strongly and the use of only climate variables would exaggerate the predicted distribution range under climate change. Results supported using both dynamic and static variables improved accuracy of the modeling and provided more realistic prediction of species distribution under influence of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Zangiabadi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Zaremaivan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - LIuis Brotons
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- InForest Jru (CTFC-CREAF), Solsona, Spain
- CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Ranjbar
- Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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25
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López-Goldar X, Agrawal AA. Ecological Interactions, Environmental Gradients, and Gene Flow in Local Adaptation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:796-809. [PMID: 33865704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-standing interest in local adaptation of plants to their biotic and abiotic environment, existing theory, and many case studies, little work to date has addressed within-species evolution of concerted strategies and how these might contrast with patterns across species. Here we consider the interactions between pollinators, herbivores, and resource availability in shaping plant local adaptation, how these interactions impact plant phenotypes and gene flow, and the conditions where multiple traits align along major environmental gradients such as latitude and elevation. Continued work in emerging model systems will benefit from the melding of classic experimental approaches with novel population genetic analyses to reveal patterns and processes in plant local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé López-Goldar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Anurag A Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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26
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Oddou-Muratorio S, Petit-Cailleux C, Journé V, Lingrand M, Magdalou JA, Hurson C, Garrigue J, Davi H, Magnanou E. Crown defoliation decreases reproduction and wood growth in a marginal European beech population. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:193-204. [PMID: 33928352 PMCID: PMC8324029 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abiotic and biotic stresses related to climate change have been associated with increased crown defoliation, decreased growth and a higher risk of mortality in many forest tree species, but the impact of stresses on tree reproduction and forest regeneration remains understudied. At the dry, warm margin of species distributions, flowering, pollination and seed maturation are expected to be affected by drought, late frost and other stresses, eventually resulting in reproduction failure. Moreover, inter-individual variation in reproductive performance versus other performance traits (growth, survival) could have important consequences for population dynamics. This study investigated the relationships among individual crown defoliation, growth and reproduction in a drought-prone population of European beech, Fagus sylvatica. METHODS We used a spatially explicit mating model and marker-based parentage analyses to estimate effective female and male fecundities of 432 reproductive trees, which were also monitored for basal area increment and crown defoliation over 9 years. KEY RESULTS Female and male fecundities varied markedly between individuals, more than did growth. Both female fecundity and growth decreased with increasing crown defoliation and competition, and increased with size. Moreover, the negative effect of defoliation on female fecundity was size-dependent, with a slower decline in female fecundity with increasing defoliation for the large individuals. Finally, a trade-off between growth and female fecundity was observed in response to defoliation: some large trees maintained significant female fecundity at the expense of reduced growth in response to defoliation, while some other defoliated trees maintained high growth at the expense of reduced female fecundity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, while decreasing their growth, some large defoliated trees still contribute to reproduction through seed production and pollination. This non-coordinated decline of growth and fecundity at individual level in response to stress may compromise the evolution of stress-resistance traits at population level, and increase forest tree vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthieu Lingrand
- URFM, INRAE, Avignon, France
- ECOBIOP, INRAE, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Joseph Garrigue
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la forêt de la Massane, France
| | | | - Elodie Magnanou
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la forêt de la Massane, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
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27
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Martin-Roy R, Nygård E, Nouhaud P, Kulmuni J. Differences in Thermal Tolerance between Parental Species Could Fuel Thermal Adaptation in Hybrid Wood Ants. Am Nat 2021; 198:278-294. [PMID: 34260873 DOI: 10.1086/715012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGenetic variability is essential for adaptation and could be acquired via hybridization with a closely related lineage. We use ants to investigate thermal adaptation and the link between temperature and genetic variation arising from hybridization. We test for differences in cold and heat tolerance between Finnish Formica polyctena and Formica aquilonia wood ants and their naturally occurring hybrids. Using workers, we find that the parental individuals differ in both cold and heat tolerances and express thermal limits that reflect their global distributions. Hybrids, however, cannot combine thermal tolerance of parental species as they have the same heat tolerance as F. polyctena but not the same cold tolerance as F. aquilonia. We then focus on a single hybrid population to investigate the relationship between temperature variation and genetic variation across 16 years using reproductive individuals. On the basis of the thermal tolerance results, we expected the frequency of putative F. polyctena alleles to increase in warm years and F. aquilonia alleles to increase in cold years. We find support for this in hybrid males but not in hybrid females. These results contribute to understanding the outcomes of hybridization, which may be sex specific or depend on the environment. Furthermore, genetic variability resulting from hybridization could help hybrid wood ants cope with changing thermal conditions.
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28
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Chelini MC, Brock K, Yeager J, Edwards DL. Environmental drivers of sexual dimorphism in a lizard with alternative mating strategies. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1241-1255. [PMID: 34101919 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relative importance of sexual and natural selection in shaping morphological traits is a long-standing goal of evolutionary ecology. Male-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is typically associated with male-male competition. Similarly, male polymorphisms are considered a consequence of competitive social interactions. This classic paradigm overlooks the fact that environmental factors mediate social interactions and can lead to ecological adaptations. Common side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana, are a model system for this paradigm due to well-known rock-paper-scissors social dynamics between male morphs. SSD in this species has been considered primarily a consequence of social interactions, with male size resulting from the number of morphs in each population and female size being constrained through fecundity benefits. We test if the environment explains intraspecific variation in SSD and number of male morphs in U. stansburiana. By compiling data from 49 populations, we show that environmental variables are stronger predictors of SSD than the number of male morphs. Similarly, we show that the environment mediates SSD and potentially contributes to morph loss in colder environments. We propose that the environment favours smaller males in areas of high seasonality. Our results demonstrate the importance of the environment as a mediator of SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinsey Brock
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Justin Yeager
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L Edwards
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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29
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Marqués L, Peltier DMP, Camarero JJ, Zavala MA, Madrigal-González J, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Ogle K. Disentangling the Legacies of Climate and Management on Tree Growth. Ecosystems 2021; 25:215-235. [PMID: 35210936 PMCID: PMC8827397 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLegacies of past climate conditions and historical management govern forest productivity and tree growth. Understanding how these processes interact and the timescales over which they influence tree growth is critical to assess forest vulnerability to climate change. Yet, few studies address this issue, likely because integrated long-term records of both growth and forest management are uncommon. We applied the stochastic antecedent modelling (SAM) framework to annual tree-ring widths from mixed forests to recover the ecological memory of tree growth. We quantified the effects of antecedent temperature and precipitation up to 4 years preceding the year of ring formation and integrated management effects with records of harvesting intensity from historical forest management archives. The SAM approach uncovered important time periods most influential to growth, typically the warmer and drier months or seasons, but variation among species and sites emerged. Silver fir responded primarily to past climate conditions (25–50 months prior to the year of ring formation), while European beech and Scots pine responded mostly to climate conditions during the year of ring formation and the previous year, although these responses varied among sites. Past management and climate interacted in such a way that harvesting promoted growth in young silver fir under wet and warm conditions and in old European beech under drier and cooler conditions. Our study shows that the ecological memory associated with climate legacies and historical forest management is species-specific and context-dependent, suggesting that both aspects are needed to properly evaluate forest functioning under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marqués
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Edificio Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Drew M. P. Peltier
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
| | - J. Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE–CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Edificio Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Madrigal-González
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Ecología, Edafología, Parasitología, Química agrícola, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
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30
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Wason J, Battles J, Berdugo MB, Casson P, Tourville J, Dovciak M. Sentinel Research Sites in Global Change Research: Whiteface Mountain, New York. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/045.028.s1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Wason
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - John Battles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Monica B. Berdugo
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Paul Casson
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203
| | - Jordon Tourville
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY–ESF), Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Martin Dovciak
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY–ESF), Syracuse, NY 13210
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31
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Zhong Y, Chu C, Myers JA, Gilbert GS, Lutz JA, Stillhard J, Zhu K, Thompson J, Baltzer JL, He F, LaManna JA, Davies SJ, Aderson-Teixeira KJ, Burslem DF, Alonso A, Chao KJ, Wang X, Gao L, Orwig DA, Yin X, Sui X, Su Z, Abiem I, Bissiengou P, Bourg N, Butt N, Cao M, Chang-Yang CH, Chao WC, Chapman H, Chen YY, Coomes DA, Cordell S, de Oliveira AA, Du H, Fang S, Giardina CP, Hao Z, Hector A, Hubbell SP, Janík D, Jansen PA, Jiang M, Jin G, Kenfack D, Král K, Larson AJ, Li B, Li X, Li Y, Lian J, Lin L, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Luan F, Luo Y, Ma K, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, McShea W, Memiaghe H, Mi X, Morecroft M, Novotny V, O’Brien MJ, Ouden JD, Parker GG, Qiao X, Ren H, Reynolds G, Samonil P, Sang W, Shen G, Shen Z, Song GZM, Sun IF, Tang H, Tian S, Uowolo AL, Uriarte M, Wang B, Wang X, Wang Y, Weiblen GD, Wu Z, Xi N, Xiang W, Xu H, Xu K, Ye W, Yu M, Zeng F, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zimmerman JK. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3137. [PMID: 34035260 PMCID: PMC8149669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Chengjin Chu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - James A. Lutz
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA
| | - Jonas Stillhard
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Resources and Management, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kai Zhu
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- grid.494924.6UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Bush Estate, Midlothian, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Baltzer
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Fangliang He
- grid.17089.37Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Joseph A. LaManna
- grid.259670.f0000 0001 2369 3143Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kristina J. Aderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.419531.bConservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA USA
| | - David F.R.P. Burslem
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- grid.467700.20000 0001 2182 2028Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kuo-Jung Chao
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, https://www.nchu.edu.tw/en-index
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.iae.cas.cn/
| | - Lianming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.kib.cas.cn/
| | - David A. Orwig
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA USA
| | - Xue Yin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Xinghua Sui
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Zhiyao Su
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, https://english.scau.edu.cn/
| | - Iveren Abiem
- grid.412989.f0000 0000 8510 4538Department of Plant Science and Technology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria ,The Nigerian Montane Forest Project, Taraba State, Nigeria ,grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Norm Bourg
- grid.419531.bConservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA USA
| | - Nathalie Butt
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.xtbg.cas.cn/
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Wei-Chun Chao
- grid.412046.50000 0001 0305 650XDepartment of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University,
| | - Hazel Chapman
- grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Yun Chen
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University,
| | - David A. Coomes
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Cordell
- grid.497404.a0000 0001 0662 4365Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii USA
| | - Alexandre A. de Oliveira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Hu Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.isa.cas.cn/
| | - Suqin Fang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Christian P. Giardina
- grid.497404.a0000 0001 0662 4365Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii USA
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, http://en.nwpu.edu.cn/
| | - Andrew Hector
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P. Hubbell
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick A. Jansen
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.wbg.cas.cn/
| | - Guangze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, http://en.nefu.edu.cn/
| | - David Kenfack
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.453560.10000 0001 2192 7591Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J. Larson
- grid.253613.00000 0001 2192 5772Wilderness Institute and Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA
| | - Buhang Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Xiankun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.gxib.cn/
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, http://ritf.caf.ac.cn/
| | - Juyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.scbg.ac.cn/
| | - Luxiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.xtbg.cas.cn/
| | - Feng Liu
- The Administrative Bureau of Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve, http://www.xsbn.gov.cn/nbhbhq/nbhbhq.dhtml
| | - Yankun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering, Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, http://www.hljifee.org.cn/
| | - Yu Liu
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Fuchen Luan
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve, https://cbl.elab.cnic.cn/
| | - Yahuang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.kib.cas.cn/
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean M. McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.419533.90000 0000 8612 0361Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD USA
| | - William McShea
- grid.419531.bConservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA USA
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Mike Morecroft
- grid.238406.b0000 0001 2331 9653Natural England, York, UK
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- grid.447761.70000 0004 0396 9503Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology and the University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovicve, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J. O’Brien
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan den Ouden
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey G. Parker
- grid.419533.90000 0000 8612 0361Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD USA
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.wbg.cas.cn/
| | - Haibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Glen Reynolds
- Southeast Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Pavel Samonil
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Weiguo Sang
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China,
| | - Guochun Shen
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Guo-Zhang Michael Song
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University,
| | - I-Fang Sun
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University,
| | - Hui Tang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Songyan Tian
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering, Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, http://www.hljifee.org.cn/
| | - Amanda L. Uowolo
- grid.497404.a0000 0001 0662 4365Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii USA
| | - María Uriarte
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.gxib.cn/
| | - Xihua Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Youshi Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - George D. Weiblen
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve, https://cbl.elab.cnic.cn/
| | - Nianxun Xi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Wusheng Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.gxib.cn/
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, http://ritf.caf.ac.cn/
| | - Kun Xu
- Yunnan Lijiang Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Instituted of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.kib.cas.cn/
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.scbg.ac.cn/
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/
| | - Fuping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.isa.cas.cn/
| | - Minhua Zhang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve, https://cbl.elab.cnic.cn/
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Jess K. Zimmerman
- grid.267033.30000 0004 0462 1680Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA
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32
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Germination response to water availability in populations of Festuca pallescens along a Patagonian rainfall gradient based on hydrotime model parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10653. [PMID: 34017012 PMCID: PMC8137931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to water availability is a key physiological trait for grassland species located in arid and semiarid environments, where successful germination is closely related to rainfall dynamics. Festuca pallescens inhabits diverse environments along a steep precipitation gradient in North Patagonia, thus offering a suitable model for the study of germination behavior in response to water availability. By analyzing germination in nine populations using a hydrotime model approach, we aimed to find within-species variation. Seed population behavior was analyzed under different hydric conditions using hydrotime model parameters (hydrotime, mean base water potential and its standard deviation). We estimated the mean base water potential for F. pallescens (ψb(50) = − 2.79 ± 0.45 MPa), which did not differ significantly between populations. However, the hydrotime parameter (θH) varied markedly, suggesting physiological adaptation to local environments. Higher values of θH were found in populations located at the extremes of the distribution gradient, indicating that germination may be prevented or delayed in conditions that are suboptimal for the species. Since the variation in hydrotime model parameters did not follow a cline, micro-environmental cues may have the greatest influence on the physiological behavior of the species, rather than the macroscale rainfall gradient.
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33
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Phylogenetic and Functional Traits Verify the Combined Effect of Deterministic and Stochastic Processes in the Community Assembly of Temperate Forests along an Elevational Gradient. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Explaining community assembly mechanisms along elevational gradients dominated by deterministic processes or stochastic processes is a pressing challenge. Many studies suggest that phylogenetic and functional diversity are significant indicators of the process. In this study, we analyzed the structure and beta diversity of phylogenetic and functional traits along an elevational gradient and discussed the effects of environmental and spatial factors. We found that the phylogenetic and functional traits showed inconsistent changes, and their variations were closely related to the abiotic environment. The results suggested that the community assembly of woody plants was obviously affected by the combined effect of deterministic processes and the stochastic hypothesis (primarily by the latter). Phylogenetic and functional traits had a certain relationship but changed according to different rules. These results enhance our understanding of the assembly mechanism of forest communities by considering both phylogenetic and functional traits.
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34
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Effect of Extracts from Dominant Forest Floor Species of Clear-Cuts on the Regeneration and Initial Growth of Pinus sylvestris L. with Respect to Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050916. [PMID: 34063305 PMCID: PMC8147409 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change influences the ecological environment and affects the recruitment of plants, in addition to population dynamics, including Scots pine regeneration processes. Therefore, the impact of cover-dominant species extracts on the germination of pine seeds and morpho-physiological traits of seedling under different environmental conditions was evaluated. Increasing temperature reinforces the plant-donor allelochemical effect, reduces Scots pine seed germination, and inhibits seedling morpho-physiological parameters. Conditions unfavourable for the seed germination rate were observed in response to the effect of aqueous extracts of 2-year-old Vaccinium vitis-ideae and 1-year-old Calluna vulgaris under changing environmental conditions. The lowest radicle length and hypocotyl growth were observed in response to the effect of 1-year-old C. vulgaris and 2-year-old Rumex acetosella under increasing temperature (+4 °C) conditions. The chlorophyll a + b concentration in control seedlings strongly decreased from 0.76 to 0.66 mg g−1 (due to current environmental and changing environmental conditions). These factors may reduce the resistance of Scots pine to the effects of dominant species and affect the migration of Scots pine habitats to more favourable environmental conditions.
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35
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Usinowicz J, Levine JM. Climate-driven range shifts reduce persistence of competitors in a perennial plant community. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1890-1903. [PMID: 33432781 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the impacts of climate change on species persistence in diverse natural communities requires a way to account for indirect effects mediated through species interactions. In particular, we expect species to experience major changes in competition as they track favorable climates. Here, we combine experimental data with a recently developed theoretical framework based on coexistence theory to measure the impact of climate-driven range shifts on alpine plant persistence under climate change. We transplanted three co-dominant alpine perennial species to five elevations, creating a maximum of 5°C increase in average growing-season temperature. We statistically modeled species' demographic rates in response to the environment and interpolated species' intrinsic ranges-the environmental mapping of reproduction in the absence of competition. We used low-density population growth rates-species' initial rate of invasion into an established community-as a metric of persistence. Further analysis of low-density growth rates (LGRs) allowed us to parse the direct impacts of climate change from indirect impacts mediated by shifting competition. Our models predict qualitatively different range shifts for each species based on the climate conditions under which growth rates are maximized and where they are zero. Overall, climate change is predicted to increase the intrinsic (competition free) growth rates of all species, as warmer and wetter conditions increase the favorability of alpine habitat. However, these benefits are entirely negated by increased competition arising from greater overlap between competitors in their intrinsic ranges. Species were highly dispersal limited, which can prevent species from tracking shifting intrinsic ranges by reducing population spread rates. Yet dispersal limitation also promoted species' persistence because it promotes persistence mechanisms. Our study demonstrates the complex pathways by which climate change impacts species' persistence by altering their competitive environment, and highlights how a persistence framework based on LGRs can help disentangle impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Usinowicz
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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36
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Midolo G, Kuss P, Wellstein C. Land use and water availability drive community-level plant functional diversity of grasslands along a temperature gradient in the Swiss Alps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142888. [PMID: 33131863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits of mountain grassland communities strongly depend upon temperature variation along elevational gradients. However, little is known to what degree the direction of such trait-temperature relationships is shaped by other environmental factors or land-use types. Here, we investigated context-dependent patterns of plant functional trait variation in alpine grassland communities. Specifically, we tested whether temperature (degree-days) variation along an elevational gradient, interacts with water availability, soil properties and land-use type to moderate such patterns. We used cover-abundance and plant-trait data from 236 grassland relevés of the Swiss Alps along an elevational range of 500-2400 m a.s.l. with plant traits being specific leaf area (L), seed releasing height (H) and seed mass (S). We used indices capturing different dimensions of plant functional diversity as response variables, i.e. community weighted mean (CWM), trait range (TR) and functional dispersion (FDis). Land-use type and water availability interacted significantly with degree-days determining the responses of multiple plant traits community attributes. Specific leaf area (CWML) and seed releasing height (CWMH) increased with temperature in meadows and pastures, while no significant trend was detected in fallows. In meadows, seed mass (CWMS) increased and was at the same time less constrained (higher TRS) with increasing temperature. In pastures and fallows, by contrast, no seed trait-temperature trends were detected. In addition, water availability interacted with increasing temperature affecting functional dispersion: FDisL decreased only in sites with higher site water balance and TRS and FDisS increased in sites with low mean summer precipitation. Our findings suggest that functional diversity of grasslands might respond to climate warming with strong ecological differences depending on land-use types and water availability. Based on our results, managed meadows and pastures most likely change in direction to species with more acquisitive strategies, whereas in fallows, no specific trajectory of change is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Midolo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Patrick Kuss
- Institute of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Wellstein
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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37
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Yue J, Li R. Phylogenetic relatedness of woody angiosperm assemblages and its environmental determinants along a subtropical elevational gradient in China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:111-116. [PMID: 33997543 PMCID: PMC8103416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The species composition of plant communities is determined by a number of factors, including current environmental conditions as well as biogeographical and evolutionary history. Despite evidence that plant diversity decreases and species relatedness increases along latitudinal and environmental gradients (e.g., low temperatures), it remains unclear whether these same patterns occur along elevational gradients, especially in the subtropical mountainous areas harboring rich biodiversity. In this study, we explored the pattern of phylogenetic relatedness of woody angiosperm assemblages and examined the effects of temperature variables on the phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm woody plants using generalized linear model in subtropical forest communities along a broad elevational gradient in the Dulong Valley of Yunnan Province, China. Our results showed that woody angiosperm species in local forest plots tend to be more phylogenetically related at higher elevations and in areas with lower temperatures. Additionally, winter average temperature, rather than mean annual temperature, is a major predictor of the pattern of increasing phylogenetic relatedness with increasing elevation. This finding is consistent with the prediction of 'Tropical Niche Conservatism' hypothesis, which highlights the role of niche constraints in driving phylogenetic community assembly along an elevational gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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38
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Xiong F, Nie X, Yang L, Wang L, Li J, Zhou G. Non-target metabolomics revealed the differences between Rh. tanguticum plants growing under canopy and open habitats. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33639841 PMCID: PMC7913229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheum tanguticum (Rh. tanguticum) is an important traditional Chinese medicine plant, "Dahuang", which contains productive metabolites and occupies wide habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Plants occupying wide habitats usually vary in phenotypes such as in morphology and metabolism, thereby developing into different ecotypes. Under canopy and open habitats are a pair of dissimilar habitats which possess Rh. tanguticum plants. However, few studies have focused on the effect of habitats on Rh. tanguticum growth, particularly combining morphological and metabolic changes. This study focused on Rh. tanguticum plants growing in under canopy and open habitats where morphology and metabolism changes were quantified using non-target metabolism methods. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that the two dissimilar habitats led to Rh. tanguticum developing into two distinct ecotypes where the morphology and metabolism were simultaneously changed. Under canopy habitats bred morphologically smaller Rh. tanguticum plants which had a higher level of metabolites (22 out of 31) which included five flavonoids, four isoflavonoids, and three anthracenes. On the other hand, the open habitats produced morphologically larger Rh. tanguticum plants having a higher level of metabolites (9 out of 31) including four flavonoids. 6 of the 31 metabolites were predicted to have effect targets, include 4 represent for under canopy habitats and 2 for open habitats. Totally, 208 targets were connected, among which 42 were communal targets for both under canopy and open habitats represent compounds, and 100 and 66 were unique targets for under canopy superior compounds and open habitats superior compounds, respectively. In addition, aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, sennoside A and sennoside B were all more accumulated in under canopy habitats, and among which aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were significantly higher in under canopy habitats. CONCLUSIONS This study determined that Rh. tanguticum growing in under canopy and in open habitats developed into two distinct ecotypes with morphological and metabolic differences. Results of network pharmacology study has indicated that "Dahuang" coming from different habitats, such as under canopy and open habitats, are different in effect targets and thus may have different medicinal use. According to target metabolomics, under canopy habitats may grow better "Dahuang".
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Nature Protected Area Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China.
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39
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Wei Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang W, Niyati N, Guo Y, Wang X. Chinese caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) in China: Current distribution, trading, and futures under climate change and overexploitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142548. [PMID: 33035977 PMCID: PMC7521209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chinese caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is a precious traditional medicine which is mostly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Due to its medicinal values, it has become one of the most valuable biological commodities and widely traded in recent years worldwide. However, its habitat has changed profoundly in recent years under global warming as well as anthropogenic pressures, resulting in a sharp decline in its wild population in recent years. Based on the occurrence samples, this paper estimates the potential distribution of caterpillar fungus using MaxEnt model. The model simulates potential geographical distribution of the species under current climate conditions, and examine future distributions under different climatic change scenarios (i.e., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 have been modelled in 2050s and 2070s, respectively). For examining the impacts of climate change in future, the integrated effects of climatic impact, trading, and overexploitation had been analyzed in detailed routes. The results show that: 1) The distribution patterns of caterpillar fungus under scenario RCP 2.6 have been predicted without obvious changes. However, range shift has been observed with significant shrinks across all classes of suitable areas in Tianshan, Kunlun Mountains, and the southwestern QTP in 2050s and 2070s under RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. 2) The exports were decreasing drastically in recent years. Guangzhou and Hongkong are two international super import and consumption centres of caterpillar fungus in the world. 3) Both ecological and economic sustainable utilization of the caterpillar fungus has been threatened by the combined pressures of climate change and overexploitation. A strict but effective regulation and protection system, even a systematic management plan not just on the collectors but the whole explore process are urgently needed and has to be issued in the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; College of Geosciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Jinniu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naudiyal Niyati
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanlong Guo
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Reciprocal Common Garden Altitudinal Transplants Reveal Potential Negative Impacts of Climate Change on Abies religiosa Populations in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve Overwintering Sites. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Reciprocal altitudinal transplants of Abies religiosa seedlings within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) allow prediction of the impacts of climatic change, because they grow in sites with a climate that differs from that of their origin. Background and Objectives: Climatic change is generating a mismatch between the sites currently occupied by forest populations and the climate to which they have adapted. This study determined the effect on the survival and growth of A. religiosa seedlings of transfer to sites that were warmer or colder than that of the origin of their seeds. Materials and Methods: Eleven provenances of A. religiosa, collected along an altitudinal gradient (3000 to 3550 m a.s.l.), were assayed in common gardens in three sites of contrasting altitude: 3400, 3000 and 2600 m a.s.l. The results were evaluated by fitting a response curve with a mixed model. Results: The climate transfer distance for the seasonal balance between the temperature conducive to growth (degree days above 5 °C) and the available precipitation (a ratio expressed as dryness index) dominated the shape of the response function curve. The rainy season (June–October) dryness index transfer distance was critical for survival, while that of the cold and dry season (November–February) was critical for aerial biomass, and the annual index was critical for the increase in basal diameter. The effect of climatic transfer distance is much more negative (triggering about 45% mortality) when transfer is toward warmer and dryer sites (at 400 m lower in altitude, +1.9 °C warmer and 16% less precipitation), than when shifting toward colder and wetter sites (400 m higher in altitude, resulting in 95% survival). Conclusions: The projected higher temperatures and lower precipitation due to climatic change will undoubtedly cause severe mortality in young A. religiosa seedlings. A 400 m shift upwards in altitude to compensate for climatic change (assisted migration) appears to be a feasible management action.
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Surface Tradeoffs and Elevational Shifts at the Largest Italian Glacier: A Thirty-Years Time Series of Remotely-Sensed Images. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss occurring in mountain ecosystems calls for integrative approaches to improve monitoring processes in the face of human-induced changes. With a combination of vegetation and remotely-sensed time series data, we quantitatively identify the responses of land-cover types and their associated vegetation between 1987 and 2016. Fuzzy clustering of 11 Landsat images was used to identify main land-cover types. Vegetation belts corresponding to such land-cover types were identified by using species indicator analysis performed on 80 vegetation plots. A post-classification evaluation of trends, magnitude, and elevational shifts was done using fuzzy membership values as a proxy of the occupied surfaces by land-cover types. Our findings show that forests and scrublands expanded upward as much as the glacier retreated, i.e., by 24% and 23% since 1987, respectively. While lower alpine grassland shifted upward, the upper alpine grassland lost 10% of its originally occupied surface showing no elevational shift. Moreover, an increase of suitable sites for the expansion of the subnival vegetation belt has been observed, due to the increasing availability of new ice-free areas. The consistent findings suggest a general expansion of forest and scrubland to the detriment of alpine grasslands, which in turn are shifting upwards or declining in area. In conclusion, alpine grasslands need urgent and appropriate monitoring processes ranging from the species to the landscape level that integrates remotely-sensed and field data.
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Abdelaziz M, Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Berbel M, García-Muñoz A, Gómez JM, Perfectti F. Asymmetric Reproductive Barriers and Gene Flow Promote the Rise of a Stable Hybrid Zone in the Mediterranean High Mountain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687094. [PMID: 34512685 PMCID: PMC8424041 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid zones have the potential to shed light on evolutionary processes driving adaptation and speciation. Secondary contact hybrid zones are particularly powerful natural systems for studying the interaction between divergent genomes to understand the mode and rate at which reproductive isolation accumulates during speciation. We have studied a total of 720 plants belonging to five populations from two Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species presenting a contact zone in the Sierra Nevada mountains (SE Spain). The plants were phenotyped in 2007 and 2017, and most of them were genotyped the first year using 10 microsatellite markers. Plants coming from natural populations were grown in a common garden to evaluate the reproductive barriers between both species by means of controlled crosses. All the plants used for the field and greenhouse study were characterized by measuring traits related to plant size and flower size. We estimated the genetic molecular variances, the genetic differentiation, and the genetic structure by means of the F-statistic and Bayesian inference. We also estimated the amount of recent gene flow between populations. We found a narrow unimodal hybrid zone where the hybrid genotypes appear to have been maintained by significant levels of a unidirectional gene flow coming from parental populations and from weak reproductive isolation between them. Hybrid plants exhibited intermediate or vigorous phenotypes depending on the analyzed trait. The phenotypic differences between the hybrid and the parental plants were highly coherent between the field and controlled cross experiments and through time. The highly coherent results obtained by combining field, experimental, and genetic data demonstrate the existence of a stable and narrow unimodal hybrid zone between Erysimum mediohispanicum and Erysimum nevadense at the high elevation of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelaziz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Abdelaziz
| | - A. Jesús Muñoz-Pajares
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratório Associado, Plant Biology, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade Do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Fornelo e Vairão, Portugal
- Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Modesto Berbel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana García-Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José M. Gómez
- Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco Perfectti
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Gagne MA, Smith DD, McCulloh KA. Limited physiological acclimation to recurrent heatwaves in two boreal tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1680-1696. [PMID: 32785621 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of extreme heat and drought events has drastically risen in recent decades and will likely continue throughout the century. Northern forests have already seen increases in tree mortality and a lack of new recruitment, which is partially attributed to these extreme events. Boreal species, such as paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and white spruce (Picea glauca), appear to be more sensitive to these changes than lower-latitude species. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of repeated heatwaves and drought on young paper birch and white spruce trees by examining (i) responses in leaf gas exchange and plant growth and (ii) thermal acclimation of photosynthetic and respiratory traits to compare ecophysiological responses of two co-occurring, yet functionally dissimilar species. To address these objectives, we subjected greenhouse-grown seedlings to two consecutive summers of three 8-day long, +10 °C heatwaves in elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions with and without water restriction. The data show that heatwave stress reduced net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and growth-more severely so when combined with drought. Acclimation of both photosynthesis and respiration did not occur in either species. The combination of heat and drought stress had a similar total effect on both species, but each species adjusted traits differently to the combined stress. Birch experienced greater declines in gas exchange across both years and showed moderate respiratory but not photosynthetic acclimation to heatwaves. In spruce, heatwave stress reduced the increase in basal area in both experimental years and had a minor effect on photosynthetic acclimation. The data suggest these species lack the ability to physiologically adjust to extreme heat events, which may limit their future distributions, thereby altering the composition of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan A Gagne
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 322 Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 322 Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katherine A McCulloh
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 322 Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Pattern of Plant Community Distribution along the Elevational Gradient and Anthropogenic Disturbance in Gole Forest, Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6536374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vegetation-environment relationships are usually studied along elevational gradient. The patterns of plant community distribution in Gole forest, Ethiopia, were studied along elevational gradient and disturbances. Disturbances were recorded following the elevational gradient. For vegetation data collection, 62 sample plots of size 20 × 20 m were established along an elevational gradient (2728–3480 m.a.s.l). Data on species composition and environmental variables were measured and recorded in each plot. The elevation of each sample plot was measured using Garmin GPS. Anthropogenic disturbances in each plot were estimated using the following scales: 0 = no disturbance, 1 = slightly disturbed, 2 = moderately disturbed, and 3 = highly disturbed. R statistical package was used for cluster and ordination analysis. Boxplots and analysis of variance were used to assess the relationships between plant communities and environmental variables. Sorensen’s similarity coefficient was used to detect similarities and dissimilarities among communities. A total of 114 plant species belonging to 57 families and 94 genera were identified. Five plant community types were identified using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. Every plant community had differences in composition and environmental variables. The variation in plant community distributions was significantly related to elevation and disturbance. Plant community distribution was negatively correlated with elevation (
) and also with disturbance (
). Sorensen’s similarity index showed that there was a difference in the distribution of plant species composition among the communities. The difference in plant community distribution of Gole forest was significantly related to elevation. Disturbances also have a considerable influence on the plant communities and mitigation of disturbance should be the main measure that needs to be taken into account in conservation planning in the study area.
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Schäfer D, Vincent H, Fischer M, Kempel A. The importance of genetic diversity for the translocation of eight threatened plant species into the wild. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wright SJ, Heurich M, Buchmann CM, Böcker R, Schurr FM. The importance of individual movement and feeding behaviour for long-distance seed dispersal by red deer: a data-driven model. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:44. [PMID: 33133610 PMCID: PMC7594291 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-distance seed dispersal (LDD) has strong impacts on the spatiotemporal dynamics of plants. Large animals are important LDD vectors because they regularly transport seeds of many plant species over long distances. While there is now ample evidence that behaviour varies considerably between individual animals, it is not clear to what extent inter-individual variation in behaviour alters seed dispersal by animals. METHODS We study how inter-individual variation in the movement and feeding behaviour of one of Europe's largest herbivores (the red deer, Cervus elaphus) affects internal seed dispersal (endozoochory) of multiple plant species. We combine movement data of 21 individual deer with measurements of seed loads in the dung of the same individuals and with data on gut passage time. These data serve to parameterize a model of passive dispersal that predicts LDD in three orientations (horizontal as well as upward and downward in elevation).With this model we investigate to what extent per-seed probabilities of LDD and seed load vary between individuals and throughout the vegetation period (May-December). Subsequently, we test whether per-seed LDD probability and seed load are positively (or negatively) correlated so that more mobile animals disperse more (or less) seeds. Finally, we examine whether non-random associations between per-seed LDD probability and seed load affect the LDD of individual plant species. RESULTS The studied deer dispersed viable seeds of at least 62 plant species. Deer individuals varied significantly in per-seed LDD probability and seed loads. However, more mobile animals did not disperse more or less seeds than less mobile ones. Plant species also did not differ significantly in the relationship between per-seed LDD probability and seed load. Yet plant species differed in how their seed load was distributed across deer individuals and in time, and this caused their LDD potential to differ more than twofold. For several plant species, we detected non-random associations between per-seed LDD probability and seed load that generally increased LDD potential. CONCLUSIONS Inter-individual variation in movement and feeding behaviour means that certain deer are substantially more effective LDD vectors than others. This inter-individual variation reduces the reliability of LDD and increases the sensitivity of LDD to the decline of deer populations. Variation in the dispersal services of individual animals should thus be taken into account in models in order to improve LDD projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Wright
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 1, 60316 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carsten M. Buchmann
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhard Böcker
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank M. Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Multi-taxon patterns from high Andean peatlands: assessing climatic and landscape variables. COMMUNITY ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-020-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Demographic history and adaptive synonymous and nonsynonymous variants of nuclear genes in Rhododendron oldhamii (Ericaceae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16658. [PMID: 33028947 PMCID: PMC7542430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographic events are important in shaping the population genetic structure and exon variation can play roles in adaptive divergence. Twelve nuclear genes were used to investigate the species-level phylogeography of Rhododendron oldhamii, test the difference in the average GC content of coding sites and of third codon positions with that of surrounding non-coding regions, and test exon variants associated with environmental variables. Spatial expansion was suggested by R2 index of the aligned intron sequences of all genes of the regional samples and sum of squared deviations statistic of the aligned intron sequences of all genes individually and of all genes of the regional and pooled samples. The level of genetic differentiation was significantly different between regional samples. Significantly lower and higher average GC contents across 94 sequences of the 12 genes at third codon positions of coding sequences than that of surrounding non-coding regions were found. We found seven exon variants associated strongly with environmental variables. Our results demonstrated spatial expansion of R. oldhamii in the late Pleistocene and the optimal third codon position could end in A or T rather than G or C as frequent alleles and could have been important for adaptive divergence in R. oldhamii.
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Brice MH, Vissault S, Vieira W, Gravel D, Legendre P, Fortin MJ. Moderate disturbances accelerate forest transition dynamics under climate change in the temperate-boreal ecotone of eastern North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4418-4435. [PMID: 32358990 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several temperate tree species are expected to migrate northward and colonize boreal forests in response to climate change. Tree migrations could lead to transitions in forest types, but these could be influenced by several non-climatic factors, such as disturbances and soil conditions. We analysed over 10,000 forest inventory plots, sampled from 1970 to 2018 in meridional Québec, Canada, to identify what environmental conditions promote or prevent regional-scale forest transitions. We used a continuous-time multi-state Markov model to quantify the probabilities of transitions between forest states (temperate, boreal, mixed, pioneer) as a function of climate (mean temperature and climate moisture index during the growing season), soil conditions (pH and drainage) and disturbances (severity levels of natural disturbances and logging). We further investigate how different disturbance types and severities impact forests' short-term transient dynamics and long-term equilibrium using properties of Markov transition matrices. The most common transitions observed during the study period were from mixed to temperate states, as well as from pioneer to boreal forests. In our study, transitions were mainly driven by natural and anthropogenic disturbances and secondarily by climate, whereas soil characteristics exerted relatively minor constraints. While major disturbances only promoted transitions to the pioneer state, moderate disturbances increased the probability of transition from mixed to temperate states. Long-term projections of our model under the current environmental conditions indicate that moderate disturbances would promote a northward shift of the temperate forest. Moreover, disturbances reduced turnover and convergence time for all transitions, thereby accelerating forest dynamics. Contrary to our expectation, mixed to temperate transitions were not driven by temperate tree recruitment but by mortality and growth. Overall, our results suggest that moderate disturbances could catalyse rapid forest transitions and accelerate broad-scale biome shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Brice
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Vissault
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Willian Vieira
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Legendre
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Li F, Park Y. Habitat availability and environmental preference drive species range shifts in concordance with climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Li
- Department of Biology Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Seuk Park
- Department of Biology Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
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