1
|
Hönning A, Tomczyk S, Hermes J, Grossegesse M, Hofmann N, Michel J, Neumann M, Nitsche A, Hoppe B, Eckmanns T, Schmidt-Traub H, Zappel K. Follow-up SARS-CoV-2 serological study of a health care worker cohort following COVID-19 booster vaccination. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:436. [PMID: 38658874 PMCID: PMC11040945 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that Omicron breakthrough infections can occur at higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels compared to previous variants. Estimating the magnitude of immunological protection induced from COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection remains important due to varying local pandemic dynamics and types of vaccination programmes, particularly among at-risk populations such as health care workers (HCWs). We analysed a follow-up SARS-CoV-2 serological survey of HCWs at a tertiary COVID-19 referral hospital in Germany following the onset of the Omicron variant. METHODS The serological survey was conducted in January 2022, one year after previous surveys in 2020 and the availability of COVID-19 boosters including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, and mRNA-1273. HCWs voluntarily provided blood for serology and completed a comprehensive questionnaire. SARS-CoV-2 serological analyses were performed using an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody levels were reported according to HCW demographic and occupational characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate these associations. RESULTS In January 2022 (following the fourth COVID-19 wave in Germany including the onset of the Omicron variant), 1482/1517 (97.7%) HCWs tested SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, compared to 4.6% in December 2020 (second COVID-19 wave). Approximately 80% had received three COVID-19 vaccine doses and 15% reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG geometric mean titres ranged from 335 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 258-434) among those vaccinated twice and without previous infection to 2204 (95% CI: 1919-2531) among those vaccinated three times and with previous infection. Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination combinations including a mRNA-1273 booster were significantly associated with the highest IgG antibody levels compared to other schemes. There was an 8-to 10-fold increase in IgG antibody levels among 31 HCWs who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection in May 2020 to January 2022 after COVID-19 booster vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the importance of ongoing COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies in the context of variants such as Omicron and despite hybrid immunity from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly for at-risk populations such as HCWs. Where feasible, effective types of booster vaccination, such as mRNA vaccines, and the appropriate timing of administration should be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hönning
- Centre for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sara Tomczyk
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hermes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Neumann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoppe
- Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Zappel
- Centre for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ciccone EJ, Zhu DR, Gunderson AK, Hawke S, Ajeen R, Lodge EK, Shook-Sa BE, Abernathy H, Garrett HE, King E, Alavian N, Reyes R, Taylor JL, Beatty C, Chung C, Mendoza CE, Weber DJ, Markmann AJ, Premkumar L, Juliano JJ, Boyce RM, Aiello AE. Magnitude and Durability of the Antibody Response to mRNA-Based Vaccination Among SARS-CoV-2 Seronegative and Seropositive Health Care Personnel. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae009. [PMID: 38293246 PMCID: PMC10826795 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Few studies have described changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in response to infection and vaccination at frequent intervals and over extended follow-up periods. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses among a prospective cohort of health care personnel over 18 months with up to 22 samples per person. Antibody levels and live virus neutralization were measured before and after mRNA-based vaccination with results stratified by (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection status prior to initial vaccination and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection at any point during follow-up. We found that the antibody response to the first dose was almost 2-fold higher in individuals who were seropositive prior to vaccination, although neutralization titers were more variable. The antibody response induced by vaccination appeared to wane over time but generally persisted for 8 to 9 months, and those who were infected at any point during the study had slightly higher antibody levels over time vs those who remained uninfected. These findings underscore the need to account for SARS-CoV-2 natural infection as a modifier of vaccine responses, and they highlight the importance of frequent testing of longitudinal antibody titers over time. Together, our results provide a clearer understanding of the trajectories of antibody response among vaccinated individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna R Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | - Sam Hawke
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Rawan Ajeen
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases
| | - Evans K Lodge
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Bonnie E Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | - Haley E Garrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Elise King
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases
| | - Naseem Alavian
- Division of Hospital Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Raquel Reyes
- Division of Hospital Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Cherese Beatty
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Carmen E Mendoza
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - David J Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan J Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Ross M Boyce
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin L, Tang R, Wu S, Guo X, Huang H, Hou L, Chen X, Zhu T, Gou J, Zhong J, Pan H, Cui L, Chen Y, Xia X, Feng J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Xu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Chen W, Li J, Zhu F. Antibody persistence and safety after heterologous boosting with orally aerosolised Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously: 12-month analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2155251. [PMID: 36503413 PMCID: PMC10519268 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody persistence and safety up to 12 months of heterologous orally administered adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in individuals who were primed with two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) previously, has not been reported yet. This randomized, open-label, single-centre trial included Chinese adults who have received two-dose CoronaVac randomized to low-dose or high-dose aerosolised Ad5-nCoV group, or CoronaVac group. In this report, we mainly evaluated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus at 12 months after the booster dose and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) till month 12. Of 419 participants, all were included in the safety analysis and 120 (28.64%) were included in the immunogenicity analysis. Serum NAb GMT against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 was 204.36 (95% CI 152.91, 273.14) in the low-dose group and 171.38 (95% CI 121.27, 242.19) in the high-dose group at month 12, significantly higher than the GMT in the CoronaVac group (8.00 [95% CI 4.22, 15.17], p < 0.0001). Serum NAb GMT against omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus was 40.97 (95% CI 30.15, 55.67) in the low-dose group and 35.08 (95% CI 26.31, 46.77) in the high-dose group at month 12, whereas the GMT in the CoronaVac group was below the lower limit of detection. No vaccine-related SAEs were observed. Orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV following two-dose CoronaVac priming has a good safety profile and is persistently more immunogenic than three-dose CoronaVac within 12 months after the booster dose.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05043259..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiling Guo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Donghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Gou
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Donghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Feng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoYu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuopei Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahluwalia P, Vashisht A, Singh H, Sahajpal NS, Mondal AK, Jones K, Farmaha J, Bloomquist R, Carlock CM, Fransoso D, Sun C, Day T, Prah C, Vuong T, Ray P, Bradshaw D, Galvis MM, Fulzele S, Raval G, Moore JX, Cortes J, James JN, Kota V, Kolhe R. Ethno-demographic disparities in humoral responses to the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29067. [PMID: 37675796 PMCID: PMC10536788 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on global health, but rapid vaccine administration resulted in a significant decline in morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we sought to explore the temporal changes in the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Augusta, GA, USA, and investigate any potential associations with ethno-demographic features. Specifically, we aimed to compare the naturally infected individuals with naïve individuals to understand the immune response dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. A total of 290 HCWs were included and assessed prospectively in this study. COVID status was determined using a saliva-based COVID assay. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were quantified using a chemiluminescent immunoassay system, and IgG levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. We examined the changes in antibody levels among participants using different statistical tests including logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis. Our findings revealed a significant decline in NAb and IgG levels at 8-12 months postvaccination. Furthermore, a multivariable analysis indicated that this decline was more pronounced in White HCWs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-4.08, p = 0.02) and IgG (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.04-4.11, p = 0.03) among the whole cohort. Booster doses significantly increased IgG and NAb levels, while a decline in antibody levels was observed in participants without booster doses at 12 months postvaccination. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the dynamics of immune response and the potential influence of demographic factors on waning immunity to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, our findings emphasize the value of booster doses to ensure durable immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashutosh Vashisht
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Ashis K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kimya Jones
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jaspreet Farmaha
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Drew Fransoso
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Christina Sun
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Tyler Day
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Comfort Prah
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Trinh Vuong
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Patty Ray
- Clinical Trials Office, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Girindra Raval
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Jorge Cortes
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Vamsi Kota
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernandes ER, Taminato M, de Souza Apostolico J, Gabrielonni MC, Lunardelli VAS, Maricato JT, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Rosa DS. Robust specific RBD responses and neutralizing antibodies after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac vaccination in SARS-CoV-2- seropositive individuals. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100083. [PMID: 36845213 PMCID: PMC9942448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background The pandemic unleashed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 500 million people worldwide and caused more than 6 million deaths. Cellular and humoral immunity induced by infection or immunization are key factors in controlling the viral burden and avoiding the recurrence of coronavirus disease. The duration and effectiveness of immunity after infection is relevant to pandemic policy interventions, including the timing of vaccine boosters. Objectives We sought to evaluate longitudinal binding and functional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in police officers and health care workers with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 and compare with SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals after vaccination with adenovirus-based ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca-Fiocruz) or the inactivated CoronaVac vaccine (Sinovac-Butantan Institute). Methods A total of 208 participants were vaccinated. Of these, 126 (60.57%) received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and 82 (39.42%) received the CoronaVac vaccine. Prevaccination and postvaccination blood was collected, and the amount of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the neutralizing ability of the antibodies to block the interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and receptor-binding domain were determined. Results Subjects with preexisting SARS-CoV-2 immunity and who received a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac have similar or superior antibody levels when compared with levels in seronegative individuals even after 2 doses of the vaccine. Neutralizing antibody titers of seropositive individuals were higher with a single dose of either ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac compared with those of seronegative individuals. After 2 doses, both groups reached a plateau response. Conclusions Our data reinforce the importance of vaccine boosters to increase specific binding and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ruz Fernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
| | - Monica Taminato
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
| | - Juliana de Souza Apostolico
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
| | | | | | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo.,Instituto do Sono, São Paulo
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo.,Instituto do Sono, São Paulo
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grau Gómez G, Martínez Lacasa X, Costa R, Barreiro B, Leal M, Padilla E, Pérez P, Garreta M, Vidal J, Jaen A, Monzón Camps H. Serological response to COVID-19 pneumonia and increasing severity over 18 months in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:397-407. [PMID: 36538188 PMCID: PMC9765378 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present an 18-month serological follow-up of 294 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim was to assess the dynamics of serological response and its correlation with clinical worsening, as well as to describe clinical worsening determinants. Results of the study showed an early immunoglobulin M response, which clearly diminished starting at 4 months, but nonetheless, a small group of patients remained positive. As for immunoglobulin G, levels were higher up to 6 months in patients who presented clinical worsening during hospitalization. High titers of the immunoglobulin were maintained in all patients during follow-up, which would indicate that humoral immunity due to infection is long-lasting. Male sex, presence of myalgias and extensive radiological affectation were significantly correlated with clinical worsening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Grau Gómez
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Martínez Lacasa
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Costa
- Pneumology Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Leal
- Pneumology Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Padilla
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pepa Pérez
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Garreta
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Vidal
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Citometry Department. Catlab, Fundacio Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Angeles Jaen
- Unitat de Recerca. Fundació, Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Monzón Camps
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fortunati S, Giannetto M, Giliberti C, Bolchi A, Ferrari D, Locatelli M, Bianchi V, Boni A, De Munari I, Careri M. Smart Immunosensors for Point-of-Care Serological Tests Aimed at Assessing Natural or Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5463. [PMID: 35891142 PMCID: PMC9325165 DOI: 10.3390/s22145463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Innovative and highly performing smart voltammetric immunosensors for rapid and effective serological tests aimed at the determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were developed and validated in human serum matrix. Two immunosensors were developed for the determination of immunoglobulins directed against either the nucleocapsid or the spike viral antigen proteins. The immunosensors were realized using disposable screen-printed electrodes modified with nanostructured materials for the immobilization of the antigens. Fast quantitative detection was achieved, with analysis duration being around 1 h. Signal readout was carried out through a smart, compact and battery-powered potentiostat, based on a Wi-Fi protocol and devised for the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This device is used for the acquisition, storage and sharing of clinical data. Outstanding immunosensors' sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (100%) were assessed, according to the diagnostic guidelines for epidemiological data. The overall performance of the sensing devices, combined with the portability of the IoT-based device, enables their suitability as a high-throughput diagnostic tool. Both of the immunosensors were validated using clinical human serum specimens from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, provided by IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fortunati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Marco Giannetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Chiara Giliberti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Angelo Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | | | - Valentina Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Boni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Ilaria De Munari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Maria Careri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tomaiuolo R, Di Resta C, Viganò M, Banfi G, Russo C, Linardos G, Ranno S, Perno CF, Giuffrida F. Six months SARS-CoV-2 serology in a cohort of mRNA vaccinated subjects over 90 years old. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12446. [PMID: 35858893 PMCID: PMC9298708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a progressive decline and remodelling of the immune system. Also, the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines has been observed to depend on subjects' age. The post-vaccination data about patients aged > 90 years old is scarcely represented in the literature. The antibody titre profiles of elderly vaccinated subjects (age > 90 years old) were evaluated and compared with profiles obtained in a younger population (age 23-69 years old). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing post-vaccination serological data in subjects aged 90 + years old. This study suggests that distinct SARS-CoV-2 viral-specific antibody response profiles vary based on anti-N serostatus, age, and sex in the very elderly adults. The data obtained could impact the organisation of the vaccination campaign (i.e., prioritisation strategies, administration of additional doses) and the factors that facilitate intentions to receive the vaccination among elderly adults (i.e., vaccine effectiveness).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Viganò
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tomaiuolo R, Restelli U, Faggiano FC, Di Resta C, Al Bitar Nehme S, Giuliani F, Derrico P, Ricciardi W, Banfi G, Ritrovato M. Health technology assessment to employ COVID-19 serological tests as companion diagnostics in the vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1463-1477. [PMID: 35749147 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In scenarios of vaccine scarcity or contexts of organizational complexity, it is necessary to define prioritization strategies for allocating vaccine doses in compliance with the criterion of equity and efficiency of health resources. In this context, the COVIDIAGNOSTIX project, based on the health technology assessment (HTA), assessed the role of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests as a companion diagnostic in the definition of the vaccination strategies for the vaccine administration. To guarantee evidence support for health policy choices, two different vaccine strategies were analyzed, one based on administering the vaccine booster dose to the entire population (VACCINE strategy) and the other based on allocation criteria (TEST&VACCINE strategy). METHODS The decision-oriented HTA (DoHTA) method, integrated with specific modeling and simulation techniques, helped define the perimeter to make health policy choices. RESULTS The processing of the scores attributed to the key performance indicators concerning all the evaluation domains shows a performance of 94.34% for the TEST&VACCINE strategy and 83.87% for the VACCINE strategy. CONCLUSIONS TEST&VACCINE strategy can be the most advantageous in various scenarios due to greater speed from an operational and an economic point of view. The assessment schemes defined by COVIDIAGNOSTIX (i.e., technologies/intended use/settings) can easily and quickly be exported and adapted to respond to similar health "policy questions".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Restelli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,LIUC - Università Cattaneo, Castellanza, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Sami Al Bitar Nehme
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuliani
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferrari D, Ambrosi A, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Locatelli M, Banfi G. Evaluation of antibody titer kinetics and SARS-CoV-2 infections in a large cohort of healthcare professionals ten months after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine. J Immunol Methods 2022; 506:113293. [PMID: 35660546 PMCID: PMC9161676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Real-world population studies have shown waning immunity, over time, after receiving the two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. Studies reporting the long-term humoral response are important to drive future vaccination strategies like the introduction of the booster dose. Yet, available literature on long follow-up periods is scarce. Covidiagnostix is a multicenter study aiming to assess the antibody response in >1000 healthcare professionals (HCPs) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods Serum was tested at time-0 (T0), before the first dose and then at T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, 21, 42, 177 and 302 days after T0. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein were measured to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured to assess vaccine response. Results The antibody titer observed 10 months post-vaccination showed a decrease of approximately 80% from the peak measured at T2, yet the median titer of the seronegatives HCPs was still higher than seropositives before vaccination. We identified 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs within 6 months after receiving the first dose and another 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs between 6 and 10 months post-vaccination. Conclusion Vaccination induced a humoral response which is well detectable even 10 months post-vaccination. Yet a high anti-spike serum antibody titer does not guarantee protection from infection. Differences in symptomatology between SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred within the first 6 months post-vaccination and the following 4 months, and differences in COVID-19 prevalence and vaccination coverage observed in these two time intervals were consistent with a decrease in vaccine efficacy 6 months after receiving the first dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Swartz MD, DeSantis SM, Yaseen A, Brito FA, Valerio-Shewmaker MA, Messiah SE, Leon-Novelo LG, Kohl HW, Pinzon-Gomez CL, Hao T, Zhang S, Talebi Y, Yoo J, Ross JR, Gonzalez MO, Wu L, Kelder SH, Silberman M, Tuzo S, Pont SJ, Shuford JA, Lakey D, Boerwinkle E. Antibody Duration After Infection From SARS-CoV-2 in the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:193-201. [PMID: 35514141 PMCID: PMC9833436 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the duration of antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that causes COVID-19 is important to controlling the current pandemic. Participants from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey (Texas CARES) with at least 1 nucleocapsid protein antibody test were selected for a longitudinal analysis of antibody duration. A linear mixed model was fit to data from participants (n = 4553) with 1 to 3 antibody tests over 11 months (1 October 2020 to 16 September 2021), and models fit showed that expected antibody response after COVID-19 infection robustly increases for 100 days postinfection, and predicts individuals may remain antibody positive from natural infection beyond 500 days depending on age, body mass index, smoking or vaping use, and disease severity (hospitalized or not; symptomatic or not).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Swartz
- Correspondence: Michael D. Swartz, PhD, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030 ()
| | - Stacia M DeSantis
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ashraf Yaseen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frances A Brito
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luis G Leon-Novelo
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harold W Kohl
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas, USA,The University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Cesar L Pinzon-Gomez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tianyao Hao
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yashar Talebi
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joy Yoo
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica R Ross
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael O Gonzalez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leqing Wu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven H Kelder
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen J Pont
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - David Lakey
- University of Texas System, Office of Health Affairs, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Complete (Humoral and Cellular) Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in a Group of Healthcare Workers-Assessment of Factors Affecting Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050710. [PMID: 35632467 PMCID: PMC9146884 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the best way to limit the extent of the COVID pandemic. Knowledge of the duration of the immune response will allow the planning of a vaccination protocol. This study aims to validate the complete (humoral and cellular) immune responses over time in large population groups following the full vaccination of healthcare professionals in real-life conditions and to assess the relationship between antibody levels and T-cell activity in relation to the characteristics of the study group. The samples for the study were obtained from volunteers (staff of two hospitals) on three occasions: before vaccination, T0, then 4–9 weeks after full vaccination (two doses BNT162b2), T1, and 7–9 months after vaccination, T2. The humoral response was investigated by the titre of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to S1 protein. Assays were performed three times at intervals. The cellular response was assessed in a subgroup of 189 subjects by QuanT-Cell SARS-CoV-2 (IGRA). The assay was performed once. A group of 344 subjects fully vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine were included in the study. The humoral response was observed in 100% of subjects at both 4–7 weeks and 7–9 months, but antibody titres fell by almost 90% in this interval. The cellular response was observed in 94% (177/189) of subjects 7–9 months after the second dose of vaccine. In subjects with a negative cellular response, eight out of 12 smoked. A factor associated with greater immunogenicity of vaccination was past SARS-CoV-2 infection. The administration of full BNT162b2 vaccination (two doses) induces humoral and cellular responses detectable even more than six months after vaccination. Smoking may be a factor associated with impaired cellular response to vaccination.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fenollar F, Thomas L, Raoult D, Gautret P. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to save vaccine doses. Vaccine 2022; 40:2984-2985. [PMID: 35440413 PMCID: PMC9001172 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colombini A, Viganò M, Tomaiuolo R, Di Resta C, Corea F, Sabetta E, Ferrari D, De Vecchi E, Maria Spanò S, Banfi G. Exploratory assessment of serological tests to determine antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2: Appropriateness and limits. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24363. [PMID: 35334493 PMCID: PMC9102736 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological tests can be used to detect antibodies in the serum of subject's after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Currently, variability in antibody titers and the availability of a multiplicity of serological tests have made it necessary to highlight their appropriateness and limitations in various diagnostic settings. METHODS This study is part of Covidiagnostix, a multicenter project aimed at the assessment of the health technology used in SARS-CoV-2 serological tests. Based on data gained from the analysis of over 5000 subjects, a selected number of serum samples, representative of different diagnostic settings, were analyzed first by qualitative immunoassays (IgA, M, and G MILLIPLEX® SARS-CoV-2 tests based on Luminex® ) to define the immunoglobulins serum composition and subsequently by four serological diagnostic tests (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S by Roche, SARS-CoV-2 IgG by Siemens Healthcare, and CHORUS SARS-CoV-2 "NEUTRALIZING" Ab by DIESSE). The first WHO International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 was also analyzed using the same methods. RESULTS This study evaluated the antibody content and titer of the WHO Standard and serum of subjects with/without previous infection and before/after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION The definition of antibodies in the WHO standard and the analysis of serum samples allowed for the identification of the appropriateness of serological tests in each diagnostic setting, increasing the effectiveness of the resulting laboratory data. Furthermore, we found that it would be optimal to produce new international standards against the S1 domain and RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for a more effective serological monitoring of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colombini
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganò
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sestina Maria Spanò
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Costa C, Migliore E, Galassi C, Scozzari G, Ciccone G, Coggiola M, Pira E, Scarmozzino A, La Valle G, Cassoni P, Cavallo R. Factors Influencing Level and Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG after BNT162b2 Vaccine: Evidence from a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030474. [PMID: 35335105 PMCID: PMC8955419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating quantitative IgG response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers (HCW), and exploring the role of demographic, clinical, and occupational factors as predictors of IgG levels. On May 2021, among 6687 HCW at the largest tertiary care University-Hospital of Northwestern Italy, at a median of 15 weeks (Interquartile range-IQR 13.6−16.0) after second-dose, serological response was present in 99.8%. Seropositivity was >97% in all the subgroups, except those self-reporting immunodeficiency (94.9%). Overall, the median serological IgG value was 990 BAU/mL (IQR 551−1870), with most of subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or with shorter time lapse (2−8 weeks) between vaccination and serology with values in the highest quintile (>2080). At multivariable analysis, significant predictors of lower values were increasing age, male, current smoking, immunodeficiency, recent occupational contacts, and increasing time lapse from vaccination; conversely, previous infection and recent household contacts were significantly associated with higher IgG levels. Subjects with previous infection kept a very high level (around 2000 BAU/mL) up to 120 days. These results, besides supporting a high serological response up to 4−5 months, suggest predictive factors of faster decay of IgG levels that could be useful in tailoring vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(11)-6335953
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gitana Scozzari
- Hospital Medical Direction, Ospedale Molinette, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giovannino Ciccone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Maurizio Coggiola
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrico Pira
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonio Scarmozzino
- Hospital Medical Direction, Ospedale Molinette, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giovanni La Valle
- Hospital Medical Direction, Ospedale Molinette, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choudhary HR, Parai D, Chandra Dash G, Kshatri JS, Mishra N, Choudhary PK, Pattnaik D, Panigrahi K, Behera S, Ranjan Sahoo N, Podder S, Mishra A, Raghav SK, Mishra SK, Pradhan SK, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Mondal N, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:778129. [PMID: 35004746 PMCID: PMC8727751 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.778129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine. Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines. Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kumudini Panigrahi
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Susmita Behera
- Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati College & Hospital, Berhampur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nityananda Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tarkowski M, de Jager W, Schiuma M, Covizzi A, Lai A, Gabrieli A, Corbellino M, Bergna A, Ventura CD, Galli M, Riva A, Antinori S. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Isotypes, and Neutralization Activity Against Viral Variants, According to BNT162b2-Vaccination and Infection History. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793191. [PMID: 34975897 PMCID: PMC8718396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific antibody production and plasma neutralizing capacity against B.1 wild-type-like strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants-of-concern, in subjects with different Covid-19 disease and vaccination histories. Methods Adult subjects were: 1) Unvaccinated/hospitalized for Covid-19; 2) Covid-19-recovered followed by one BNT162b2 vaccine dose; and 3) Covid-19-naïve/2-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated. Multiplex Luminex® immunoassays measured IgG, IgA, and IgM plasma levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-1 (S), and nucleocapsid proteins. Neutralizing activity was determined in Vero E6 cytopathic assays. Results Maximum anti-RBD IgG levels were similar in Covid-19‑recovered individuals 8‒10 days after single-dose vaccination and in Covid-19-naïve subjects 7 days after 2nd vaccine dosing; both groups had ≈2‑fold higher anti-RBD IgG levels than Unvaccinated/Covid-19 subjects tracked through 2 weeks post-symptom onset. Anti-S IgG expression patterns were similar to RBD within each group, but with lower signal strengths. Viral antigen-specific IgA and IgM levels were more variable than IgG patterns. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulins were not detected in Covid-19-naïve subjects. Neutralizing activity against the B.1 strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants, was highest in Covid‑19-recovered/single-dose vaccinated subjects; although neutralization against the Delta variant in this group was only 26% compared to B.1 neutralization, absolute anti-Delta titers suggested maintained protection. Neutralizing titers against the Gamma and Delta variants were 33‒77% and 26‒67%, respectively, versus neutralization against the B.1 strain (100%) in the three groups. Conclusion These findings support SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine usefulness regardless of Covid-19 history, and confirm remarkable protection provided by a single vaccine dose in people who have recovered from Covid-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarkowski
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Schiuma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Covizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bergna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Della Ventura
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ferrari D, Clementi N, Criscuolo E, Ambrosi A, Corea F, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Mancini N, Locatelli M, Plebani M, Banfi G. Antibody Titer Kinetics and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Six Months after Administration with the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111357. [PMID: 34835288 PMCID: PMC8620373 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies reporting the long-term humoral response after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine are important to drive future vaccination strategies. Yet, available literature is scarce. Covidiagnostix is a multicenter study designed to assess the antibody response in >1000 healthcare professionals (HCPs) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Serum was tested at time-0 (T0), before the first dose, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, 21, 42, and 180 days after T0. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein were measured to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured to assess the vaccine response. Neutralization activity against the D614G, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants were also analyzed. Results: Six months post-vaccination HCPs showed an antibody titer decrease of approximately 70%, yet, the titer was still one order of magnitude higher than that of seropositive individuals before vaccination. We identified 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs. None showed severe symptoms. Interestingly, most of them showed titers at T2 above the neutralization thresholds obtained from the neutralization activity experiments. Conclusion: Vaccination induces a humoral response which is well detectable even six months post-vaccination. Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 cases, yet post-vaccination infection is possible even in the presence of a high anti-S serum antibody titer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale (CVSA) Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906633; Fax: +39-0521-905151
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Corea
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padua University School of Medicine, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferrari D, Clementi N, Spanò SM, Albitar-Nehme S, Ranno S, Colombini A, Criscuolo E, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Viganó M, Mancini N, De Vecchi E, Locatelli M, Mangia A, Perno CF, Banfi G. Harmonization of six quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serological assays using sera of vaccinated subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:144-151. [PMID: 34425105 PMCID: PMC8378065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Vaccines, to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection, were produced and reliable assays are needed for their evaluation. The WHO produced an International-Standard (WHO-IS) to facilitate the standardization/comparison of serological methods. The WHO-IS, produced in limited amount, was never tested for reproducibility. This study aims at developing a reproducible and accessible working standard (WS) to complement the WHO-IS. Materials and methods Sera from vaccinated individuals were used to produce the WSs. The WHO-IS, the WSs and single serum samples (n = 48) were tested on 6 quantitative serological devices. Neutralization assays were performed for the 48 samples and compared with their antibody titers. Results The WS carry an antibody titer 20-fold higher than the WHO-IS. It was reproducible, showed both good linearity and insignificant intra- and inter-laboratory variability. However, the WSs behave differently from the WHO-IS. Analysis of the 48 samples showed that single correlation factors are not sufficient to harmonize results from different assays. Yet, all the devices predict neutralization activity based on the antibody titer. Conclusions A reproducible and highly concentrated WS, specific for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 Spike-glycoprotein was produced. Such characteristics make it particularly suited for the harmonization of commercially available assays and the consequent evaluation of post-vaccinated individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Sestina Maria Spanò
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Sami Albitar-Nehme
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganó
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Havervall S, Marking U, Greilert-Norin N, Ng H, Gordon M, Salomonsson AC, Hellström C, Pin E, Blom K, Mangsbo S, Phillipson M, Klingström J, Hober S, Nilsson P, Åberg M, Thålin C. Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103523. [PMID: 34391088 PMCID: PMC8357428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports demonstrate robust serological responses to a single dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data on immune responses following a single-dose adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection are however limited, and current guidelines recommend a two-dose regimen regardless of preexisting immunity. METHODS We compared RBD-specific IgG and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern following two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in SARS-CoV-2 naïve healthcare workers (n=65) and a single dose of the adenovector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 82 healthcare workers more than (n=45) and less than (n=37) 11 months post mild SARS-CoV-2 infection at time of vaccination. FINDINGS The post-vaccine levels of RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern including Delta lineage 1.617.2 were similar or higher in participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine post SARS-CoV-2 infection (both more than and less than 11 months post infection) compared to SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. INTERPRETATION Our data support that a single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine that is administered up to at least 11 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection serves as an effective immune booster. This provides a possible rationale for a single-dose vaccine regimen. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Havervall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Marking
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Greilert-Norin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henry Ng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Max Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Hellström
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Pin
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden; Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry. Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|