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Kane MS, Juncos JXM, Manzoor S, Grenett M, Oh JY, Pat B, Ahmed MI, Lewis C, Davies JE, Denney TS, McConathy J, Dell’Italia LJ. Gene expression and ultra-structural evidence for metabolic derangement in the primary mitral regurgitation heart. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae034. [PMID: 38854954 PMCID: PMC11157345 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aims Chronic neurohormonal activation and haemodynamic load cause derangement in the utilization of the myocardial substrate. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) heart shows an altered metabolic gene profile and cardiac ultra-structure consistent with decreased fatty acid and glucose metabolism despite a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 60%. Methods and results Metabolic gene expression in right atrial (RA), left atrial (LA), and left ventricular (LV) biopsies from donor hearts (n = 10) and from patients with moderate-to-severe PMR (n = 11) at surgery showed decreased mRNA glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), GLUT1, and insulin receptor substrate 2 and increased mRNA hexokinase 2, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase, and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, rate-limiting steps in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Pericardial fluid levels of neuropeptide Y were four-fold higher than simultaneous plasma, indicative of increased sympathetic drive. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy showed glycogen accumulation, glycophagy, increased lipid droplets (LDs), and mitochondrial cristae lysis. These findings are associated with increased mRNA for glycogen synthase kinase 3β, decreased carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2, and fatty acid synthase in PMR vs. normals. Cardiac magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake showed decreased LV [18F]FDG uptake and increased plasma haemoglobin A1C, free fatty acids, and mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns in a separate cohort of patients with stable moderate PMR with an LVEF > 60% (n = 8) vs. normal controls (n = 8). Conclusion The PMR heart has a global ultra-structural and metabolic gene expression pattern of decreased glucose uptake along with increased glycogen and LDs. Further studies must determine whether this presentation is an adaptation or maladaptation in the PMR heart in the clinical evaluation of PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame Selma Kane
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 700 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shajer Manzoor
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Maximiliano Grenett
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 700 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Betty Pat
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 700 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mustafa I Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1808 7th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clifton Lewis
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1808 7th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - James E Davies
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1808 7th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas S Denney
- Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 345 W Magnolia Ave, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Albama (UAB), 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Louis J Dell’Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 700 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Tu C, Caudal A, Liu Y, Gorgodze N, Zhang H, Lam CK, Dai Y, Zhang A, Wnorowski A, Wu MA, Yang H, Abilez OJ, Lyu X, Narayan SM, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG, Recchia FA, Wu JC. Tachycardia-induced metabolic rewiring as a driver of contractile dysfunction. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:479-494. [PMID: 38012305 PMCID: PMC11088531 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged tachycardia-a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality-can induce cardiomyopathy in the absence of structural disease in the heart. Here, by leveraging human patient data, a canine model of tachycardia and engineered heart tissue generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells, we show that metabolic rewiring during tachycardia drives contractile dysfunction by promoting tissue hypoxia, elevated glucose utilization and the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, a metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis disrupts the redox balance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), resulting in increased global protein acetylation (and in particular the acetylation of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase), a molecular signature of heart failure. Restoration of NAD redox by NAD+ supplementation reduced sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase acetylation and accelerated the functional recovery of the engineered heart tissue after tachycardia. Understanding how metabolic rewiring drives tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy opens up opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Tu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikoloz Gorgodze
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuqin Dai
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Wnorowski
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Luisa Mestroni
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Wei J, Duan X, Chen J, Zhang D, Xu J, Zhuang J, Wang S. Metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic heart. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:95-111. [PMID: 37768435 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This review article offers a detailed examination of metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic hearts, a condition that plays a pivotal role in the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The paper delves into the complex interplay between various metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and ketone body metabolism. In-depth insights into the shifts in substrate utilization, the role of different transporter proteins, and the potential impact of hypoxia-induced injuries are discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic targets and strategies that could minimize myocardial injury and promote cardiac recovery in the context of pressure overload hypertrophy (POH) are examined. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of metabolic adaptations in POH, highlighting the need for further research on potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Duan
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengwen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet, China.
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4
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Tocantins C, Martins JD, Rodrigues ÓM, Grilo LF, Diniz MS, Stevanovic-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Rizo-Roca D, Santos-Alves E, Rios M, Carvalho L, Moreno AJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Oliveira PJ, Pereira SP. Metabolic mitochondrial alterations prevail in the female rat heart 8 weeks after exercise cessation. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14069. [PMID: 37525474 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of high-caloric diets strongly contributes to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Exercise (along with diet intervention) is one of the primary non-pharmacological approaches to promote a healthier lifestyle and counteract the rampant prevalence of NCDs. The present study evaluated the effects of exercise cessation after a short period training on the cardiac metabolic and mitochondrial function of female rats. METHODS Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet and, after 7 weeks, the animals were kept on a sedentary lifestyle or submitted to endurance exercise for 3 weeks (6 days per week, 20-60 min/day). The cardiac samples were analysed 8 weeks after exercise cessation. RESULTS The consumption of the HFHS diet triggered impaired glucose tolerance, whereas the HFHS diet and physical exercise resulted in different responses in plasma adiponectin and leptin levels. Cardiac mitochondrial respiration efficiency was decreased by the HFHS diet consumption, which led to reduced ATP and increased NAD(P)H mitochondrial levels, which remained prevented by exercise 8 weeks after cessation. Exercise training-induced cardiac adaptations in redox balance, namely increased relative expression of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant enzymes persist after an eight-week exercise cessation period. CONCLUSIONS Endurance exercise modulated cardiac redox balance and mitochondrial efficiency in female rats fed a HFHS diet. These findings suggest that exercise may elicit cardiac adaptations crucial for its role as a non-pharmacological intervention for individuals at risk of developing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João D Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Óscar M Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanovic-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Santos-Alves
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manoel Rios
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J Moreno
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Fan L, Meng C, Wang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Lv S, Zhang J. Driving force of deteriorated cellular environment in heart failure: Metabolic remodeling. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100263. [PMID: 37557005 PMCID: PMC10432917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Though its latent mechanism and therapeutic manipulation are updated and developed ceaselessly, there remain great gaps in the cognition of heart failure. High morbidity and readmission rates among HF patients are waiting to be addressed. Recent studies have found that myocardial energy metabolism was closely related to heart failure, in which substrate utilization, as well as intermediate metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, might underlie systolic dysfunction and progression of HF. This article centers on the changes and counteraction of cardiac energy metabolism in the failing heart. Therefore, targeting impaired energy provision is of great potential in the treatment of HF. And shifting the objective from traditional neurohormones to improving the cellular environment is expected to further optimize the management of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenchen Meng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyang Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shichao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Packer M. Foetal recapitulation of nutrient surplus signalling by O-GlcNAcylation and the failing heart. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1199-1212. [PMID: 37434410 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the foetal heart is driven by increased glucose uptake and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which drives glycolysis. In contrast, the healthy adult heart is governed by sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promote fatty-acid oxidation and the substantial mitochondrial ATP production required for survival in a high-workload normoxic environment. During cardiac injury, the heart recapitulates the foetal signalling programme, which (although adaptive in the short term) is highly deleterious if sustained for long periods of time. Prolonged increases in glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes under stress leads to increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway; its endproduct - uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) - functions as a critical nutrient surplus sensor. UDP-GlcNAc drives the post-translational protein modification known as O-GlcNAcylation, which rapidly and reversibly modifies thousands of intracellular proteins. Both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation act at serine/threonine residues, but whereas phosphorylation is regulated by hundreds of specific kinases and phosphatases, O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which adds or removes GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine), respectively, from target proteins. Recapitulation of foetal programming in heart failure (regardless of diabetes) is accompanied by marked increases in O-GlcNAcylation, both experimentally and clinically. Heightened O-GlcNAcylation in the heart leads to impaired calcium kinetics and contractile derangements, arrhythmias related to activation of voltage-gated sodium channels and Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, mitochondrial dysfunction, and maladaptive hypertrophy, microvascular dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiomyopathy. These deleterious effects can be prevented by suppression of O-GlcNAcylation, which can be achieved experimentally by upregulation of AMPK and SIRT1 or by pharmacological inhibition of OGT or stimulation of OGA. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the heart are accompanied by reduced O-GlcNAcylation, and their cytoprotective effects are reportedly abrogated if their action to suppress O-GlcNAcylation is blocked. Such an action may represent one of the many mechanisms by which enhanced AMPK and SIRT1 signalling following SGLT2 inhibition leads to cardiovascular benefits. These observations, taken collectively, suggest that UDP-GlcNAc functions as a critical nutrient surplus sensor (which acting in concert with mTOR and HIF-1α) can promote the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- Imperial College, London, UK
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7
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Chronic kidney disease may also affect the myocardium through complex systemic changes, resulting in structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as impairments in both diastolic and systolic function. These cardiac changes in the setting of chronic kidney disease define a specific cardiomyopathic phenotype known as uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac function is tightly linked to its metabolism, and research over the past 3 decades has revealed significant metabolic remodeling in the myocardium during the development of heart failure. Because the concept of uremic cardiomyopathy has only been recognized in recent years, there are limited data on metabolism in the uremic heart. Nonetheless, recent findings suggest overlapping mechanisms with heart failure. This work reviews key features of metabolic remodeling in the failing heart in the general population and extends this to patients with chronic kidney disease. The knowledge of similarities and differences in cardiac metabolism between heart failure and uremic cardiomyopathy may help identify new targets for mechanistic and therapeutic research on uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dung Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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8
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Chhabra A, Jain N, Varshney R, Sharma M. H2S regulates redox signaling downstream of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors in a G6PD-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110664. [PMID: 37004833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) culminates in pathological hypertrophy - a condition underlying multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The ensuing signal transduction network appears to involve mutually communicating phosphorylation-cascades and redox signaling modules, although the regulators of redox signaling processes remain largely unknown. We previously showed that H2S-induced Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity is critical for suppressing cardiac hypertrophy in response to adrenergic stimulation. Here, we extended our findings and identified novel H2S-dependent pathways constraining β-AR-induced pathological hypertrophy. We demonstrated that H2S regulated early redox signal transduction processes - including suppression of cue-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidation of cysteine thiols (R-SOH) on critical signaling intermediates (including AKT1/2/3 & ERK1/2). Consistently, the maintenance of intracellular levels of H2S dampened the transcriptional signature associated with pathological hypertrophy upon β-AR-stimulation, as demonstrated by RNA-seq analysis. We further prove that H2S remodels cell metabolism by promoting G6PD activity to enforce changes in the redox state that favor physiological cardiomyocyte growth over pathological hypertrophy. Thus, our data suggest that G6PD is an effector of H2S-mediated suppression of pathological hypertrophy and that the accumulation of ROS in the G6PD-deficient background can drive maladaptive remodeling. Our study reveals an adaptive role for H2S relevant to basic and translational studies. Identifying adaptive signaling mediators of the β-AR-induced hypertrophy may reveal new therapeutic targets and routes for CVD therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Chhabra
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi 110054, India.
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9
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Is the fundamental pathology in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy caused by a failure of glycogenolysis–glycolysis in costameres? J Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Different Hemodynamic Subtypes of Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010095. [PMID: 36671480 PMCID: PMC9855798 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is a common pathological condition in an ageing population imposing significant morbidity and mortality. Based on distinct hemodynamic features, i.e., ejection fraction (EF), transvalvular gradient and stroke volume, four different AS subtypes can be distinguished: (i) normal EF and high gradient, (ii) reduced EF and high gradient, (iii) reduced EF and low gradient, and (iv) normal EF and low gradient. These subtypes differ with respect to pathophysiological mechanisms, cardiac remodeling, and prognosis. However, little is known about metabolic changes in these different hemodynamic conditions of AS. Thus, we carried out metabolomic analyses in serum samples of 40 AS patients (n = 10 per subtype) and 10 healthy blood donors (controls) using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. A total of 1293 biochemicals could be identified. Principal component analysis revealed different metabolic profiles in all of the subgroups of AS (All-AS) vs. controls. Out of the determined biochemicals, 48% (n = 620) were altered in All-AS vs. controls (p < 0.05). In this regard, levels of various acylcarnitines (e.g., myristoylcarnitine, fold-change 1.85, p < 0.05), ketone bodies (e.g., 3-hydroxybutyrate, fold-change 11.14, p < 0.05) as well as sugar metabolites (e.g., glucose, fold-change 1.22, p < 0.05) were predominantly increased, whereas amino acids (e.g., leucine, fold-change 0.8, p < 0.05) were mainly reduced in All-AS. Interestingly, these changes appeared to be consistent amongst all AS subtypes. Distinct differences between AS subtypes were found for metabolites belonging to hemoglobin metabolism, diacylglycerols, and dihydrosphingomyelins. These findings indicate that relevant changes in substrate utilization appear to be consistent for different hemodynamic subtypes of AS and may therefore reflect common mechanisms during AS-induced heart failure. Additionally, distinct metabolites could be identified to significantly differ between certain AS subtypes. Future studies need to define their pathophysiological implications.
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Kuhn AR, van Bilsen M. Oncometabolism: A Paradigm for the Metabolic Remodeling of the Failing Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213902. [PMID: 36430377 PMCID: PMC9699042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is associated with profound alterations in cardiac intermediary metabolism. One of the prevailing hypotheses is that metabolic remodeling leads to a mismatch between cardiac energy (ATP) production and demand, thereby impairing cardiac function. However, even after decades of research, the relevance of metabolic remodeling in the pathogenesis of heart failure has remained elusive. Here we propose that cardiac metabolic remodeling should be looked upon from more perspectives than the mere production of ATP needed for cardiac contraction and relaxation. Recently, advances in cancer research have revealed that the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells, often coined as oncometabolism, directly impacts cellular phenotype and function. Accordingly, it is well feasible that the rewiring of cardiac cellular metabolism during the development of heart failure serves similar functions. In this review, we reflect on the influence of principal metabolic pathways on cellular phenotype as originally described in cancer cells and discuss their potential relevance for cardiac pathogenesis. We discuss current knowledge of metabolism-driven phenotypical alterations in the different cell types of the heart and evaluate their impact on cardiac pathogenesis and therapy.
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12
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Koju N, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1889-1904. [PMID: 35017669 PMCID: PMC9343382 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox couples function as cofactors or/and substrates for numerous enzymes to retain cellular redox balance and energy metabolism. Thus, maintaining cellular NADH and NADPH balance is critical for sustaining cellular homeostasis. The sources of NADPH generation might determine its biological effects. Newly-recognized biosynthetic enzymes and genetically encoded biosensors help us better understand how cells maintain biosynthesis and distribution of compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. It is essential but challenging to distinguish how cells sustain redox couple pools to perform their integral functions and escape redox stress. However, it is still obscure whether NADPH is detrimental or beneficial as either deficiency or excess in cellular NADPH levels disturbs cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis leading to redox stress, energy stress, and eventually, to the disease state. Additional study of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms of NADPH generation in different compartments, and the means by which NADPH plays a role in various diseases, will provide innovative insights into its roles in human health and may find a value of NADPH for the treatment of certain diseases including aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Koju
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng-hong Qin
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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13
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Wu B, Li P, Hong X, Xu C, Wang R, Liang Y. The receptor-like cytosolic kinase RIPK activates NADP-malic enzyme 2 to generate NADPH for fueling ROS production. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:887-903. [PMID: 35276409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a conserved immune response in Arabidopsis primarily mediated by respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase associated with the plasma membrane. A rapid increase in NADPH is necessary to fuel RBOHD proteins and thus maintain ROS production. However, the molecular mechanism by which NADPH is generated to fuel RBOHD remains unclear. In this study, we isolated a new mutant allele of FLAGELLIN-INSENSITIVE 4 (FIN4), which encodes the first enzyme in de novo NAD biosynthesis. fin4 mutants show reduced NADPH levels and impaired ROS production. However, FIN4 and other genes involved in NAD- and NADPH-generating pathways are not highly upregulated upon elicitor treatment, raising a possibility that a cytosolic NADP-linked dehydrogenase might be post-transcriptionally activated to maintain the NADPH supply close to RBOHD. To verify this possibility, we isolated the proteins associated with RPM1-INDUCED PROTEIN KINASE (RIPK), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase that regulates broad-spectrum ROS signaling in plant immunity, and identified NADP-malic enzyme 2 (NADP-ME2), an NADPH-generating enzyme. Compared with wild-type plants, nadp-me2 mutants display decreased NADP-ME activity, lower NADPH levels, and reduced ROS production in response to immune elicitors. Furthermore, we found that RIPK can directly phosphorylate NADP-ME2 and enhance its activity in vitro. The phosphorylation of the NADP-ME2 S371 residue contributes to ROS production upon immune elicitor treatment and susceptibility to the necrotrophic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum. Collectively, our study suggests that RIPK phosphorylates and activates NADP-ME2 to rapidly increase cytosolic NADPH, thus fueling RBOHD to sustain ROS production in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiufang Hong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cuihong Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Perez-Lobos R, Vio V, Casanova-Ortiz E, Farfan-Troncoso N, Zamorano-Cataldo M, Redel-Villarroel M, Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Israel Y, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. Sustained Energy Deficit Following Perinatal Asphyxia: A Shift towards the Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (TIGAR)-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Postnatal Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 35052577 PMCID: PMC8773255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Labor and delivery entail a complex and sequential metabolic and physiologic cascade, culminating in most circumstances in successful childbirth, although delivery can be a risky episode if oxygen supply is interrupted, resulting in perinatal asphyxia (PA). PA causes an energy failure, leading to cell dysfunction and death if re-oxygenation is not promptly restored. PA is associated with long-term effects, challenging the ability of the brain to cope with stressors occurring along with life. We review here relevant targets responsible for metabolic cascades linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, that we have identified with a model of global PA in rats. Severe PA induces a sustained effect on redox homeostasis, increasing oxidative stress, decreasing metabolic and tissue antioxidant capacity in vulnerable brain regions, which remains weeks after the insult. Catalase activity is decreased in mesencephalon and hippocampus from PA-exposed (AS), compared to control neonates (CS), in parallel with increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, associated with decreased glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity, a shift towards the TIGAR-dependent pentose phosphate pathway, and delayed calpain-dependent cell death. The brain damage continues long after the re-oxygenation period, extending for weeks after PA, affecting neurons and glial cells, including myelination in grey and white matter. The resulting vulnerability was investigated with organotypic cultures built from AS and CS rat newborns, showing that substantia nigra TH-dopamine-positive cells from AS were more vulnerable to 1 mM of H2O2 than those from CS animals. Several therapeutic strategies are discussed, including hypothermia; N-acetylcysteine; memantine; nicotinamide, and intranasally administered mesenchymal stem cell secretomes, promising clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Valentina Vio
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Nancy Farfan-Troncoso
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Marta Zamorano-Cataldo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Martina Redel-Villarroel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
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15
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Morsy MA, Khalaf HM, Rifaai RA, Bayoumi AMA, Khalifa EMMA, Ibrahim YF. Canagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats through targeting glucose metabolism and inhibiting NOX2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111902. [PMID: 34328119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is defined as chronic noninfectious inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Its incidence and predominance have increased globally, with no effective agents for preventing its recurrence or treatment until now. AIM The current study aimed to investigate the possible role of canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2), to prevent and treat acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in a rat model. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intrarectal instillation of 1 ml of 4% (v/v) AA. Rats were treated orally with either CANA (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days before or after colitis induction or sulfasalazine (360 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days before colitis induction. RESULTS AA resulted in a significant increase in disease activity index, colonic weight over length ratio, colon macroscopic damage score, and histological signs of colitis. All of these effects were significantly decreased by CANA administration. Additionally, CANA markedly inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by significantly reducing the up-regulated levels in malondialdehyde, total nitrite, NF-κB, interleukin-1β, and TNF-α, and significantly increasing the down-regulated levels in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10. CANA significantly inhibited caspase-3 level while rescued survivin expression in colons. Finally, CANA reduced the elevated levels of pyruvic acid and G6PDH activity, as well as the levels of p22phox and NOX2 in the AA-induced colitis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence that CANA has protective and therapeutic effects against AA-induced colitis by the impact of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M A Bayoumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Esraa M M A Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Yasmine F Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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16
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Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Mollace V. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072476. [PMID: 34371986 PMCID: PMC8308586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In order to safeguard the structure and the functionality of the myocardium, it is extremely important to adequately support the cardiomyocytes. Two cellular organelles of cardiomyocytes are essential for cell survival and to ensure proper functioning of the myocardium: mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are responsible for the energy metabolism of the myocardium, and regulate the processes that can lead to cell death. The sarcoplasmic reticulum preserves the physiological concentration of the calcium ion, and triggers processes to protect the structural and functional integrity of the proteins. The alterations of these organelles can damage myocardial functioning. A proper nutritional balance regarding the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients leads to a significant improvement in the symptoms and consequences of heart disease. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, small quantities of red meat, and high quantities of olive oil, reduces and improves the pathological condition of patients with heart failure. In addition, nutritional support and nutraceutical supplementation in patients who develop heart failure can contribute to the protection of the failing myocardium. Since polyphenols have numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this review gathers what is known about the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich bergamot fruit on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the role of bergamot polyphenols in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-475-8006
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17
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Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115783. [PMID: 34071350 PMCID: PMC8198887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a reduced capacity to generate sufficient energy when failing, resulting in an energy-starved condition with diminished functions. Studies have identified numerous changes in metabolic pathways in the failing heart that result in reduced oxidation of both glucose and fatty acid substrates, defects in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation, and inefficient substrate utilization for the ATP that is produced. Recent early-phase clinical studies indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation and antioxidants that target the mitochondria may improve heart function during failure by increasing compensatory glucose oxidation. Adrenergic receptors (α1 and β) are a key sympathetic nervous system regulator that controls cardiac function. β-AR blockers are an established treatment for heart failure and α1A-AR agonists have potential therapeutic benefit. Besides regulating inotropy and chronotropy, α1- and β-adrenergic receptors also regulate metabolic functions in the heart that underlie many cardiac benefits. This review will highlight recent studies that describe how adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic pathways may be able to restore cardiac energetics to non-failing levels that may offer promising therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition characterized by excess accumulation of reducing equivalents (e.g., NADH, NADPH, GSH), surpassing the activity of endogenous oxidoreductases. Excessive reducing equivalents can perturb cell signaling pathways, change the formation of disulfide bonding in proteins, disturb mitochondrial homeostasis or decrease metabolism. Reductive stress is influenced by cellular antioxidant load, its flux and a subverted homeostasis that paradoxically can result in excess ROS induction. Balanced reducing equivalents and antioxidant enzymes that contribute to reductive stress can be regulated by Nrf2, typically considered as an oxidative stress induced transcription factor. Cancer cells may coordinate distinct pools of redox couples under reductive stress and these may link to biological consequences from both molecular and translational standpoints. In cancer, there is recent interest in understanding how selective induction of reductive stress may influence therapeutic management and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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19
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Dhagia V, Kitagawa A, Jacob C, Zheng C, D'Alessandro A, Edwards JG, Rocic P, Gupte R, Gupte SA. G6PD activity contributes to the regulation of histone acetylation and gene expression in smooth muscle cells and to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H999-H1016. [PMID: 33416454 PMCID: PMC7988761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00488.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine 1) the mechanism(s) that enables glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to regulate serum response factor (SRF)- and myocardin (MYOCD)-driven smooth muscle cell (SMC)-restricted gene expression, a process that aids in the differentiation of SMCs, and 2) whether G6PD-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inhibition of G6PD activity increased (>30%) expression of SMC-restricted genes and concurrently decreased (40%) the growth of human and rat SMCs ex vivo. Expression of SMC-restricted genes decreased (>100-fold) across successive passages in primary cultures of SMCs isolated from mouse aorta. G6PD inhibition increased Myh11 (47%) while decreasing (>50%) Sca-1, a stem cell marker, in cells passaged seven times. Similarly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated expression of the loss-of-function Mediterranean variant of G6PD (S188F; G6PDS188F) in rats promoted transcription of SMC-restricted genes. G6PD knockdown or inhibition decreased (48.5%) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, enriched (by 3-fold) H3K27ac on the Myocd promoter, and increased Myocd and Myh11 expression. Interestingly, G6PD activity was significantly higher in aortas from JCR rats with MetS than control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treating JCR rats with epiandrosterone (30 mg/kg/day), a G6PD inhibitor, increased expression of SMC-restricted genes, suppressed Serpine1 and Epha4, and reduced blood pressure. Moreover, feeding SD control (littermates) and G6PDS188F rats a high-fat diet for 4 mo increased Serpine1 and Epha4 expression and mean arterial pressure in SD but not G6PDS188F rats. Our findings demonstrate that G6PD downregulates transcription of SMC-restricted genes through HDAC-dependent deacetylation and potentially augments the severity of vascular diseases associated with MetS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study gives detailed mechanistic insight about the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype by metabolic reprogramming and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate that G6PD controls the chromatin modifications by regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone 3-lysine 9 and 27. Notably, inhibition of G6PD decreases HDAC activity and enriches H3K27ac on myocardin gene promoter to enhance the expression of SMC-restricted genes. Also, we demonstrate for the first time that G6PD inhibitor treatment accentuates metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming to reduce neointimal formation in coronary artery and large artery elastance in metabolic syndrome rats.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Hemodynamics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Christina Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Connie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rakhee Gupte
- Raadysan Biotech., Incorporated, Fishkill, New York
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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20
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Pasqua T, Rocca C, Giglio A, Angelone T. Cardiometabolism as an Interlocking Puzzle between the Healthy and Diseased Heart: New Frontiers in Therapeutic Applications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:721. [PMID: 33673114 PMCID: PMC7918460 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism represents a crucial and essential connecting bridge between the healthy and diseased heart. The cardiac muscle, which may be considered an omnivore organ with regard to the energy substrate utilization, under physiological conditions mainly draws energy by fatty acids oxidation. Within cardiomyocytes and their mitochondria, through well-concerted enzymatic reactions, substrates converge on the production of ATP, the basic chemical energy that cardiac muscle converts into mechanical energy, i.e., contraction. When a perturbation of homeostasis occurs, such as an ischemic event, the heart is forced to switch its fatty acid-based metabolism to the carbohydrate utilization as a protective mechanism that allows the maintenance of its key role within the whole organism. Consequently, the flexibility of the cardiac metabolic networks deeply influences the ability of the heart to respond, by adapting to pathophysiological changes. The aim of the present review is to summarize the main metabolic changes detectable in the heart under acute and chronic cardiac pathologies, analyzing possible therapeutic targets to be used. On this basis, cardiometabolism can be described as a crucial mechanism in keeping the physiological structure and function of the heart; furthermore, it can be considered a promising goal for future pharmacological agents able to appropriately modulate the rate-limiting steps of heart metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S. (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, E. and E.S. (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S. (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Miranda-Silva D, Lima T, Rodrigues P, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the tip of the iceberg. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:453-478. [PMID: 33411091 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifaceted syndrome with a complex aetiology often associated with several comorbidities, such as left ventricle pressure overload, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and kidney disease. Its pathophysiology remains obscure mainly due to the complex phenotype induced by all these associated comorbidities and to the scarcity of animal models that adequately mimic HFpEF. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction are currently accepted as key players in HFpEF pathophysiology. However, we have just started to unveil HFpEF complexity and the role of calcium handling, energetic metabolism, and mitochondrial function remain to clarify. Indeed, the enlightenment of such cellular and molecular mechanisms represents an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic approaches and thus to improve HFpEF treatment options. In the last decades, the number of research groups dedicated to studying HFpEF has increased, denoting the importance and the magnitude achieved by this syndrome. In the current technological and web world, the amount of information is overwhelming, driving us not only to compile the most relevant information about the theme but also to explore beyond the tip of the iceberg. Thus, this review aims to encompass the most recent knowledge related to HFpEF or HFpEF-associated comorbidities, focusing mainly on myocardial metabolism, oxidative stress, and energetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Lima
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Yeh CH, Chou YJ, Kao CH, Tsai TF. Mitochondria and Calcium Homeostasis: Cisd2 as a Big Player in Cardiac Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239238. [PMID: 33287440 PMCID: PMC7731030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing of human populations has become a problem throughout the world. In this context, increasing the healthy lifespan of individuals has become an important target for medical research and governments. Cardiac disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in ageing populations and results in significant increases in healthcare costs. Although clinical and basic research have revealed many novel insights into the pathways that drive heart failure, the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac ageing and age-related cardiac dysfunction are still not fully understood. In this review we summarize the most updated publications and discuss the central components that drive cardiac ageing. The following characters of mitochondria-related dysfunction have been identified during cardiac ageing: (a) disruption of the integrity of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) contact sites; (b) dysregulation of energy metabolism and dynamic flexibility; (c) dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ control; (d) disturbance to mitochondria–lysosomal crosstalk. Furthermore, Cisd2, a pro-longevity gene, is known to be mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and MAM. The expression level of Cisd2 decreases during cardiac ageing. Remarkably, a high level of Cisd2 delays cardiac ageing and ameliorates age-related cardiac dysfunction; this occurs by maintaining correct regulation of energy metabolism and allowing dynamic control of metabolic flexibility. Together, our previous studies and new evidence provided here highlight Cisd2 as a novel target for developing therapies to promote healthy ageing
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiao Yeh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Heng Kao
- Center of General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5149) (C.-H.K.); +886-2-2826-7293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-3-211-8700 (C.-H.K.); +886-2-2828-0872 (T.-F.T.)
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5149) (C.-H.K.); +886-2-2826-7293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-3-211-8700 (C.-H.K.); +886-2-2828-0872 (T.-F.T.)
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23
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Fernandez-Caggiano M, Kamynina A, Francois AA, Prysyazhna O, Eykyn TR, Krasemann S, Crespo-Leiro MG, Vieites MG, Bianchi K, Morales V, Domenech N, Eaton P. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier abundance mediates pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1223-1231. [PMID: 33106688 PMCID: PMC7610404 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes rely on metabolic substrates, not only to fuel cardiac output, but also for growth and remodelling during stress. Here we show that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) abundance mediates pathological cardiac hypertrophy. MPC abundance was reduced in failing hypertrophic human hearts, as well as in the myocardium of mice induced to fail by angiotensin II or through transverse aortic constriction. Constitutive knockout of cardiomyocyte MPC1/2 in mice resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and reduced survival, while tamoxifen-induced cardiomyocyte-specific reduction of MPC1/2 to the attenuated levels observed during pressure overload was sufficient to induce hypertrophy with impaired cardiac function. Failing hearts from cardiomyocyte-restricted knockout mice displayed increased abundance of anabolic metabolites, including amino acids and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates and reducing cofactors. These hearts showed a concomitant decrease in carbon flux into mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, as corroborated by complementary 1,2-[13C2]glucose tracer studies. In contrast, inducible cardiomyocyte overexpression of MPC1/2 resulted in increased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and sustained carrier expression during transverse aortic constriction protected against cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that loss of the MPC1/2 causally mediates adverse cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandez-Caggiano
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Alisa Kamynina
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Asvi A Francois
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf UKE, Institute for Neuropathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria G Crespo-Leiro
- Unidad de Cirugia Cardiaca y Trasplante, Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia Vieites
- Unidad de Cirugia Cardiaca y Trasplante, Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, John Vane Science Centre, University of London, London, UK
| | - Valle Morales
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, John Vane Science Centre, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nieves Domenech
- Unidad de Cirugia Cardiaca y Trasplante, Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Eaton
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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24
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Greenwell AA, Gopal K, Ussher JR. Myocardial Energy Metabolism in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570421. [PMID: 33041869 PMCID: PMC7526697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most metabolically demanding organ in the body, the heart must generate massive amounts of energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the oxidation of fatty acids, carbohydrates and other fuels (e.g., amino acids, ketone bodies), in order to sustain constant contractile function. While the healthy mature heart acts omnivorously and is highly flexible in its ability to utilize the numerous fuel sources delivered to it through its coronary circulation, the heart’s ability to produce ATP from these fuel sources becomes perturbed in numerous cardiovascular disorders. This includes ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction, as well as in various cardiomyopathies that often precede the development of overt heart failure. We herein will provide an overview of myocardial energy metabolism in the healthy heart, while describing the numerous perturbations that take place in various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and the cardiomyopathy associated with the rare genetic disease, Barth Syndrome. Based on preclinical evidence where optimizing myocardial energy metabolism has been shown to attenuate cardiac dysfunction, we will discuss the feasibility of myocardial energetics optimization as an approach to treat the cardiac pathology associated with these various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Greenwell
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Nguyen TD, Schulze PC. Lipid in the midst of metabolic remodeling - Therapeutic implications for the failing heart. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:120-132. [PMID: 32791076 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A healthy heart relies on an intact cardiac lipid metabolism. Fatty acids represent the major source for ATP production in the heart. Not less importantly, lipids are directly involved in critical processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and cell death by functioning as building blocks or signaling molecules. In the development of heart failure, perturbations in fatty acid utilization impair cardiac energetics. Furthermore, they may affect glucose and amino acid metabolism and induce the synthesis of several lipid intermediates, whose biological functions are still poorly understood. This work outlines the pivotal role of lipid metabolism in the heart and provides a lipocentric view of metabolic remodeling in heart failure. We will also critically revisit therapeutic attempts targeting cardiac lipid metabolism in heart failure and propose specific strategies for future investigations in this regard.
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26
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Linkage between Carbon Metabolism, Redox Status and Cellular Physiology in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Devoid of SOD1 or SOD2 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070780. [PMID: 32664606 PMCID: PMC7397328 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells may generate energy both by fermentation and aerobic respiration, which are dependent on the type and availability of carbon sources. Cells adapt to changes in nutrient availability, which entails the specific costs and benefits of different types of metabolism but also may cause alteration in redox homeostasis, both by changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in cellular reductant molecules contents. In this study, yeast cells devoid of the SOD1 or SOD2 gene and fermentative or respiratory conditions were used to unravel the connection between the type of metabolism and redox status of cells and also how this affects selected parameters of cellular physiology. The performed analysis provides an argument that the source of ROS depends on the type of metabolism and non-mitochondrial sources are an important pool of ROS in yeast cells, especially under fermentative metabolism. There is a strict interconnection between carbon metabolism and redox status, which in turn has an influence on the physiological efficiency of the cells. Furthermore, pyridine nucleotide cofactors play an important role in these relationships.
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27
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Snyder J, Zhai R, Lackey AI, Sato PY. Changes in Myocardial Metabolism Preceding Sudden Cardiac Death. Front Physiol 2020; 11:640. [PMID: 32612538 PMCID: PMC7308560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is widely recognized as a major cause of death worldwide and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Centuries of research have focused on defining mechanistic alterations that drive cardiac pathogenesis, yet sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a common unpredictable event that claims lives in every age group. The heart supplies blood to all tissues while maintaining a constant electrical and hormonal feedback communication with other parts of the body. As such, recent research has focused on understanding how myocardial electrical and structural properties are altered by cardiac metabolism and the various signaling pathways associated with it. The importance of cardiac metabolism in maintaining myocardial function, or lack thereof, is exemplified by shifts in cardiac substrate preference during normal development and various pathological conditions. For instance, a shift from fatty acid (FA) oxidation to oxygen-sparing glycolytic energy production has been reported in many types of cardiac pathologies. Compounded by an uncoupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation this leads to accumulation of undesirable levels of intermediate metabolites. The resulting accumulation of intermediary metabolites impacts cardiac mitochondrial function and dysregulates metabolic pathways through several mechanisms, which will be reviewed here. Importantly, reversal of metabolic maladaptation has been shown to elicit positive therapeutic effects, limiting cardiac remodeling and at least partially restoring contractile efficiency. Therein, the underlying metabolic adaptations in an array of pathological conditions as well as recently discovered downstream effects of various substrate utilization provide guidance for future therapeutic targeting. Here, we will review recent data on alterations in substrate utilization in the healthy and diseased heart, metabolic pathways governing cardiac pathogenesis, mitochondrial function in the diseased myocardium, and potential metabolism-based therapeutic interventions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - R Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A I Lackey
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - P Y Sato
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abstract
Significance: Reducing equivalents (NAD(P)H and glutathione [GSH]) are essential for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and for modulating cellular metabolism. Reductive stress induced by excessive levels of reduced NAD+ (NADH), reduced NADP+ (NADPH), and GSH is as harmful as oxidative stress and is implicated in many pathological processes. Recent Advances: Reductive stress broadens our view of the importance of cellular redox homeostasis and the influences of an imbalanced redox niche on biological functions, including cell metabolism. Critical Issues: The distribution of cellular NAD(H), NADP(H), and GSH/GSH disulfide is highly compartmentalized. Understanding how cells coordinate different pools of redox couples under unstressed and stressed conditions is critical for a comprehensive view of redox homeostasis and stress. It is also critical to explore the underlying mechanisms of reductive stress and its biological consequences, including effects on energy metabolism. Future Directions: Future studies are needed to investigate how reductive stress affects cell metabolism and how cells adapt their metabolism to reductive stress. Whether or not NADH shuttles and mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase enzyme can regulate hypoxia-induced reductive stress is also a worthy pursuit. Developing strategies (e.g., antireductant approaches) to counteract reductive stress and its related adverse biological consequences also requires extensive future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Badolia R, Ramadurai DKA, Abel ED, Ferrin P, Taleb I, Shankar TS, Krokidi AT, Navankasattusas S, McKellar SH, Yin M, Kfoury AG, Wever-Pinzon O, Fang JC, Selzman CH, Chaudhuri D, Rutter J, Drakos SG. The Role of Nonglycolytic Glucose Metabolism in Myocardial Recovery Upon Mechanical Unloading and Circulatory Support in Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation 2020; 142:259-274. [PMID: 32351122 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant improvements in myocardial structure and function have been reported in some patients with advanced heart failure (termed responders [R]) following left ventricular assist device (LVAD)-induced mechanical unloading. This therapeutic strategy may alter myocardial energy metabolism in a manner that reverses the deleterious metabolic adaptations of the failing heart. Specifically, our previous work demonstrated a post-LVAD dissociation of glycolysis and oxidative-phosphorylation characterized by induction of glycolysis without subsequent increase in pyruvate oxidation through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this dissociation are not well understood. We hypothesized that the accumulated glycolytic intermediates are channeled into cardioprotective and repair pathways, such as the pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism, which may mediate myocardial recovery in R. METHODS We prospectively obtained paired left ventricular apical myocardial tissue from nonfailing donor hearts as well as R and nonresponders at LVAD implantation (pre-LVAD) and transplantation (post-LVAD). We conducted protein expression and metabolite profiling and evaluated mitochondrial structure using electron microscopy. RESULTS Western blot analysis shows significant increase in rate-limiting enzymes of pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism in post-LVAD R (post-R) as compared with post-LVAD nonresponders (post-NR). The metabolite levels of these enzyme substrates, such as sedoheptulose-6-phosphate (pentose phosphate pathway) and serine and glycine (1-carbon metabolism) were also decreased in Post-R. Furthermore, post-R had significantly higher reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels, reduced reactive oxygen species levels, improved mitochondrial density, and enhanced glycosylation of the extracellular matrix protein, α-dystroglycan, all consistent with enhanced pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism that correlated with the observed myocardial recovery. CONCLUSIONS The recovering heart appears to direct glycolytic metabolites into pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism, which could contribute to cardioprotection by generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to enhance biosynthesis and by reducing oxidative stress. These findings provide further insights into mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of glycolysis induction during the recovery of failing human hearts after mechanical unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Badolia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.).,Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Dinesh K A Ramadurai
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.D.A.)
| | - Peter Ferrin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.).,Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Thirupura S Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Aspasia Thodou Krokidi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Stephen H McKellar
- Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Michael Yin
- Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Abdallah G Kfoury
- Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Omar Wever-Pinzon
- Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - James C Fang
- Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.).,Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salt Lake City (J.R.)
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.B., D.K.A.R., P.F., I.T., T.S.S., A.T.K., S.N., C.H.S., D.C., S.G.D.).,Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City (R.B., I.T., S.H.M., M.Y., A.G.K., O.W.-P., J.C.F., C.H.S., S.G.D.)
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Badmus OO, Olatunji LA. Dexamethasone causes defective glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dependent antioxidant barrier through endoglin in pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:667-677. [PMID: 32259461 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid therapy has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic effects during pregnancy. Inflammation-mediated cardiac dysfunction, an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality, has been linked to defective glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) dependent antioxidant defenses and increased endoglin expression. We therefore sought to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on cardiac endoglin and G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to nonpregnant (PRE(-)), DEX-exposed nonpregnant (PRE(-) + DEX), pregnant (PRE(+)), and DEX-exposed pregnant (PRE(+) + DEX) rats, respectively (n = 6 per group). PRE(-) and PRE(+) rats received vehicle (per oral (po)), while PRE(-) + DEX and PRE(+) + DEX groups were administered DEX (0.2 mg/kg po) between gestational days 14 and 19, respectively. Results showed that DEX caused increased cardiac pro-inflammatory markers (adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, endoglin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), tissue injury markers (LDH, GGT, AST, ALT, and ALP), metabolic disturbances (elevated fasting plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), lactate, cardiac FFA, and lactate) and depressed G6PD-dependent antioxidant defenses (G6PD activity, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and nitric oxide) in pregnant and nonpregnant rats. The present study demonstrates that DEX led to increased cardiac endoglin and VCAM-1 that is accompanied by defective G6PD-dependent antioxidant defenses but not cardiac lipid accumulation in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto O Badmus
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Adelusi TI, Du L, Hao M, Zhou X, Xuan Q, Apu C, Sun Y, Lu Q, Yin X. Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling unfolds therapeutic targets for redox imbalanced-mediated diseases and diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109732. [PMID: 31945695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia/oxidative stress has been implicated in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications while the components of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling are being exploited as therapeutic targets for the treatment/management of these pathologies. Antioxidant agents like drugs, nutraceuticals and pure compounds that target the proteins of this pathway and their downstream genes hold the therapeutic strength to put the progression of this disease at bay. Here, we elucidate how the modulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE had been exploited for the treatment/management of end-stage diabetic kidney complication (diabetic nephropathy) by looking into (1) Nrf2 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation by some protein kinases at specific amino acid sequences and (2) Keap1 downregulation/Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein inhibition (PPI) as potential therapeutic mechanisms exploited by Nrf2 activators for the modulation of diabetic nephropathy biomarkers (Collagen IV, Laminin, TGF-β1 and Fibronectin) that ultimately lead to the amelioration of this disease progression. Furthermore, we brought to limelight the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE and finally elucidate how the modulation of this signaling pathway could be further explored to create novel therapeutic milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chowdhury Apu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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32
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Tu D, Gao Y, Yang R, Guan T, Hong JS, Gao HM. The pentose phosphate pathway regulates chronic neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:255. [PMID: 31805953 PMCID: PMC6896486 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation are increasingly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP, a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis) converts glucose-6-phosphate into pentoses and generates ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH thereby governing anabolic biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Brains and immune cells display high activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. A postmortem study reveals dysregulation of G6PD enzyme in brains of PD patients. However, spatial and temporal changes in activity/expression of G6PD in PD remain undetermined. More importantly, it is unclear how dysfunction of G6PD and the PPP affects neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. METHODS We examined expression/activity of G6PD and its association with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in multiple chronic PD models generated by an intranigral/intraperitoneal injection of LPS, daily subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 days, or transgenic expression of A53T α-synuclein. Primary microglia were transfected with G6PD siRNAs and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine effects of G6PD knockdown on microglial activation and death of co-cultured neurons. LPS alone or with G6PD inhibitor(s) was administrated to mouse substantia nigra or midbrain neuron-glia cultures. While histological and biochemical analyses were conducted to examine microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo, rotarod behavior test was performed to evaluate locomotor impairment in mice. RESULTS Expression and activity of G6PD were elevated in LPS-treated midbrain neuron-glia cultures (an in vitro PD model) and the substantia nigra of four in vivo PD models. Such elevation was positively associated with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, inhibition of G6PD by 6-aminonicotinamide and dehydroepiandrosterone and knockdown of microglial G6PD attenuated LPS-elicited chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, microglia with elevated G6PD activity/expression produced excessive NADPH and provided abundant substrate to over-activated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) leading to production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knockdown and inhibition of G6PD ameliorated LPS-triggered production of ROS and activation of NF-кB thereby dampening microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that G6PD-mediated PPP dysfunction and neuroinflammation exacerbated each other mediating chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration and locomotor impairment. Insight into metabolic-inflammatory interface suggests that G6PD and NOX2 are potential therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhen Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ru Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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Abstract
Metabolic pathways integrate to support tissue homeostasis and to prompt changes in cell phenotype. In particular, the heart consumes relatively large amounts of substrate not only to regenerate ATP for contraction but also to sustain biosynthetic reactions for replacement of cellular building blocks. Metabolic pathways also control intracellular redox state, and metabolic intermediates and end products provide signals that prompt changes in enzymatic activity and gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that the changes in cardiac metabolism that occur during development, exercise, and pregnancy as well as with pathological stress (eg, myocardial infarction, pressure overload) are causative in cardiac remodeling. Metabolism-mediated changes in gene expression, metabolite signaling, and the channeling of glucose-derived carbon toward anabolic pathways seem critical for physiological growth of the heart, and metabolic inefficiency and loss of coordinated anabolic activity are emerging as proximal causes of pathological remodeling. This review integrates knowledge of different forms of cardiac remodeling to develop general models of how relationships between catabolic and anabolic glucose metabolism may fortify cardiac health or promote (mal)adaptive myocardial remodeling. Adoption of conceptual frameworks based in relational biology may enable further understanding of how metabolism regulates cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.A.G.)
| | - Bradford G Hill
- the Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY (B.G.H.).
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Yen WC, Liu HY, Hwang TL, Stern A, Chiu DTY. The Redox Role of G6PD in Cell Growth, Cell Death, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091055. [PMID: 31500396 PMCID: PMC6770671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in cells. NADPH also plays key roles in cellular processes mediated by redox signaling. Insufficient G6PD activity predisposes cells to growth retardation and demise. Severely lacking G6PD impairs embryonic development and delays organismal growth. Altered G6PD activity is associated with pathophysiology, such as autophagy, insulin resistance, infection, inflammation, as well as diabetes and hypertension. Aberrant activation of G6PD leads to enhanced cell proliferation and adaptation in many types of cancers. The present review aims to update the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and emphasizes how G6PD modulates redox signaling and affects cell survival and demise, particularly in diseases such as cancer. Exploiting G6PD as a potential drug target against cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem H Tran
- 1 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Zhao V Wang
- 1 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Bustamante D, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. The Long-Term Impairment in Redox Homeostasis Observed in the Hippocampus of Rats Subjected to Global Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) Implies Changes in Glutathione-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes and TIGAR-Dependent Shift Towards the Pentose Phosphate Pathways: Effect of Nicotinamide. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:472-490. [PMID: 31187430 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that global perinatal asphyxia (PA) induces a regionally sustained increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and GSSG/GSH ratio, a decrease in tissue-reducing capacity, a decrease in catalase activity, and an increase in apoptotic caspase-3-dependent cell death in rat neonatal brain up to 14 postnatal days, indicating a long-term impairment in redox homeostasis. In the present study, we evaluated whether the increase in GSSG/GSH ratio observed in hippocampus involves changes in glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the enzymes reducing glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and hydroperoxides, respectively, as well as catalase, the enzyme protecting against peroxidation. The study also evaluated whether there is a shift in the metabolism towards the penthose phosphate pathway (PPP), by measuring TIGAR, the TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, associated with delayed cell death, further monitoring calpain activity, involved in bax-dependent cell death, and XRCC1, a scaffolding protein interacting with genome sentinel proteins. Global PA was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns removed by a cesarean section from on term rat dams into a water bath at 37 °C for 21 min. Asphyxia-exposed and sibling cesarean-delivered fetuses were manually resuscitated and nurtured by surrogate dams. Animals were euthanized at postnatal (P) days 1 or 14, dissecting samples from hippocampus to be assayed for glutathione, GR, GPx (all by spectrophotometry), catalase (Western blots and ELISA), TIGAR (Western blots), calpain (fluorescence), and XRCC1 (Western blots). One hour after delivery, asphyxia-exposed and control neonates were injected with either 100 μl saline or 0.8 mmol/kg nicotinamide, i.p., shown to protect from the short- and long-term consequences of PA. It was found that global PA produced (i) a sustained increase of GSSG levels and GSSG/GSH ratio at P1 and P14; (ii) a decrease of GR, GPx, and catalase activity at P1 and P14; (iii) a decrease at P1, followed by an increase at P14 of TIGAR levels; (iv) an increase of calpain activity at P14; and (v) an increase of XRCC1 levels, but only at P1. (vi) Nicotinamide prevented the effect of PA on GSSG levels and GSSG/GSH ratio, and on GR, GPx, and catalase activity, also on increased TIGAR levels and calpain activity observed at P14. The present study demonstrates that the long-term impaired redox homeostasis observed in the hippocampus of rats subjected to global PA implies changes in GR, GPx, and catalase, and a shift towards PPP, as indicated by an increase of TIGAR levels at P14.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lespay-Rebolledo
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Tapia-Bustos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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Stochelski MA, Wilmanski T, Walters M, Burgess JR. D3T acts as a pro-oxidant in a cell culture model of diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101078. [PMID: 30593978 PMCID: PMC6306693 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States and peripheral neuropathy (PN) affects at least 50% of diabetic patients. Medications available for patients ameliorate symptoms (pain), but do not protect against cellular damage and come with severe side effects, leading to discontinued use. Our research group uses differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with advanced glycation end products (AGE) as a model to mimic diabetic conditions and to study the mechanisms of oxidative stress mediated cell damage and antioxidant protection. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a common antioxidant supplement, was previously shown by our group to fully protect against AGE-induced damage. We have also shown that 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), a cruciferous vegetable constituent and potent inducer of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)- like 2 (Nrf2), can significantly increase cellular GSH concentrations and protect against oxidant species-induced cell death. Paradoxically, D3T conferred no protection against AGE-induced cell death or neurite degeneration. In the present study we establish a mechanism for this paradox by showing that D3T in combination with AGE increased oxidant species generation and depleted GSH via inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) activity and increased expression of the NADPH generating enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Blocking NADPH generation with the G6PD inhibitor dehydroepiandrosterone was found to protect against AGE-induced oxidant species generation, loss of viability, and neurite degeneration. It further reversed the D3T potentiation effect under AGE-treated conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that strategies aimed at combating oxidative stress that rely on upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system via Nrf2 may backfire and promote further damage in diabetic PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz A Stochelski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Tomasz Wilmanski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mitchell Walters
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - John R Burgess
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Chhabra A, Mishra S, Kumar G, Gupta A, Keshri GK, Bharti B, Meena RN, Prabhakar AK, Singh DK, Bhargava K, Sharma M. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is critical for suppression of cardiac hypertrophy by H 2S. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:6. [PMID: 29531803 PMCID: PMC5841415 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-017-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), recently identified as the third endogenously produced gaseous messenger, is a promising therapeutic prospect for multiple cardio-pathological states, including myocardial hypertrophy. The molecular niche of H2S in normal or diseased cardiac cells is, however, sparsely understood. Here, we show that β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overstimulation, known to produce hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes, rapidly decreased endogenous H2S levels. The preservation of intracellular H2S levels under these conditions strongly suppressed hypertrophic responses to adrenergic overstimulation, thus suggesting its intrinsic role in this process. Interestingly, unbiased global transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed an integrated metabolic circuitry, centrally linked by NADPH homeostasis, as the direct target of intracellular H2S augmentation. Within these gene networks, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first and rate-limiting enzyme (producing NADPH) in pentose phosphate pathway, emerged as the critical node regulating cellular effects of H2S. Utilizing both cellular and animal model systems, we show that H2S-induced elevated G6PD activity is critical for the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy in response to adrenergic overstimulation. We also describe experimental evidences suggesting multiple processes/pathways involved in regulation of G6PD activity, sustained over extended duration of time, in response to endogenous H2S augmentation. Our data, thus, revealed H2S as a critical endogenous regulator of cardiac metabolic circuitry, and also mechanistic basis for its anti-hypertrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Chhabra
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Mishra
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Asheesh Gupta
- Biochemical Pharmacology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Keshri
- Biochemical Pharmacology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Brij Bharti
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Prabhakar
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | | | - Kalpana Bhargava
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
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Sodium acetate and androgen receptor blockade improve gestational androgen excess-induced deteriorated glucose homeostasis and antioxidant defenses in rats: roles of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:65-75. [PMID: 30267975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional challenges and androgen excess have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes and poor fetal outcome, but the mechanisms are not well delineated. The effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) on glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome induced by gestational androgen excess is also not known. We tested the hypothesis that blockade of androgen receptor (AR) and suppression of late gestational androgen excess prevents glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were treated (sc) with olive oil, testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg) singly or in combination with SCFA (sodium acetate; 200 mg/kg; p.o.) or AR blocker (flutamide; 7.5 mg/kg; p.o.) between gestational days 14 and 19. The results showed that late gestational androgen excess led to glucose deregulation, poor fetal outcome, increased plasma and hepatic free fatty acid and lactate dehydrogenase, liver function marker enzymes, malondialdehyde, uric acid, ADA and XO activities. Conversely, gestational androgen excess resulted in reduced body weight gain, visceral adiposity, plasma and hepatic anti-oxidant defenses (glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenosine and nitric oxide). However, all these effects were ameliorated by either sodium acetate or flutamide treatment. The study demonstrates that suppression of testosterone by SCFA or AR blockade protects against glucose deregulation and poor fetal outcome by improvement of anti-oxidant defenses and replenishment of hepatic oxidative capacity through suppression of ADA/XO pathway. Hence, utility of SCFA should be encouraged for prevention of glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome.
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Effects of Dietary Intake of Japanese Mushrooms on Visceral Fat Accumulation and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050610. [PMID: 29757949 PMCID: PMC5986490 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A lot of Japanese people are generally known for having a healthy diet, and consume a variety of mushrooms daily. Many studies have reported anti-obesity effects of mushrooms, but few have investigated the effects of consuming a variety of edible mushroom types together in realistic quantities. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation with a variety of mushroom types affects visceral fat accumulation and gut microbiota in mice. The most popular mushroom varieties in Japan were lyophilized and mixed according to their local production ratios. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat (HF) diet, HF with 0.5% mushroom mixture (equivalent to 100 g mushrooms/day in humans) or HF with 3% mushroom mixture (equivalent to 600 g mushrooms/day in humans) for 4 weeks. The mice were then sacrificed, and blood samples, tissue samples and feces were collected. Our results show that mushroom intake suppressed visceral fat accumulation and increased the relative abundance of some short chain fatty acid- and lactic acid-producing gut bacteria. These findings suggest that mushroom intake is an effective strategy for obesity prevention.
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Lahey R, Carley AN, Wang X, Glass CE, Accola KD, Silvestry S, O'Donnell JM, Lewandowski ED. Enhanced Redox State and Efficiency of Glucose Oxidation With miR Based Suppression of Maladaptive NADPH-Dependent Malic Enzyme 1 Expression in Hypertrophied Hearts. Circ Res 2018; 122:836-845. [PMID: 29386187 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Metabolic remodeling in hypertrophic hearts includes inefficient glucose oxidation via increased anaplerosis fueled by pyruvate carboxylation. Pyruvate carboxylation to malate through elevated ME1 (malic enzyme 1) consumes NADPH necessary for reduction of glutathione and maintenance of intracellular redox state. OBJECTIVE To elucidate upregulated ME1 as a potential maladaptive mechanism for inefficient glucose oxidation and compromised redox state in hypertrophied hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS ME1 expression was selectively inhibited, in vivo, via non-native miR-ME1 (miRNA specific to ME1) in pressure-overloaded rat hearts. Rats subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or Sham surgery received either miR-ME1 or PBS. Effects of ME1 suppression on anaplerosis and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were studied in isolated hearts supplied 13C-enriched substrate: palmitate, glucose, and lactate. Human myocardium collected from failing and nonfailing hearts during surgery enabled RT-qPCR confirmation of elevated ME1 gene expression in clinical heart failure versus nonfailing human hearts (P<0.04). TAC induced elevated ME1 content, but ME1 was lowered in hearts infused with miR-ME1 versus PBS. Although Sham miR-ME1 hearts showed no further reduction of inherently low anaplerosis in normal heart, miR-ME1 reduced anaplerosis in TAC to baseline: TAC miR-ME1=0.034±0.004; TAC PBS=0.081±0.005 (P<0.01). Countering elevated anaplerosis in TAC shifted pyruvate toward oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Importantly, via the link to NADPH consumption by pyruvate carboxylation, ME1 suppression in TAC restored GSH content, reduced lactate production, and ultimately improved contractility. CONCLUSIONS A maladaptive increase in anaplerosis via ME1 in TAC is associated with reduced GSH content. Suppressing increased ME1 expression in hypertrophied rat hearts, which is also elevated in failing human hearts, reduced pyruvate carboxylation thereby normalizing anaplerosis, restoring GSH content, and reducing lactate accumulation. Reducing ME1 induced favorable metabolic shifts for carbohydrate oxidation, improving intracellular redox state and enhanced cardiac performance in pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lahey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Andrew N Carley
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Xuerong Wang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Carley E Glass
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Kevin D Accola
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Scott Silvestry
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - J Michael O'Donnell
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (A.N.C., E.D.L.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL (A.N.C., C.E.G., E.D.L.); Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (R.L., A.N.C., X.W., J.M.O., E.D.L.); and Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (C.E.G., E.D.L.) and Department of Surgery, Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Florida Hospital Transplant Center (K.D.A., S.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/reduced NAD+ (NADH) and NADP+/reduced NADP+ (NADPH) redox couples are essential for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and for modulating numerous biological events, including cellular metabolism. Deficiency or imbalance of these two redox couples has been associated with many pathological disorders. Recent Advances: Newly identified biosynthetic enzymes and newly developed genetically encoded biosensors enable us to understand better how cells maintain compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. The concept of redox stress (oxidative and reductive stress) reflected by changes in NAD(H)/NADP(H) has increasingly gained attention. The emerging roles of NAD+-consuming proteins in regulating cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis are active research topics. CRITICAL ISSUES The biosynthesis and distribution of cellular NAD(H) and NADP(H) are highly compartmentalized. It is critical to understand how cells maintain the steady levels of these redox couple pools to ensure their normal functions and simultaneously avoid inducing redox stress. In addition, it is essential to understand how NAD(H)- and NADP(H)-utilizing enzymes interact with other signaling pathways, such as those regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor, to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and energy metabolism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies are needed to investigate the inter-relationships among compartmentalized NAD(H)/NADP(H) pools and how these two dinucleotide redox couples collaboratively regulate cellular redox states and cellular metabolism under normal and pathological conditions. Furthermore, recent studies suggest the utility of using pharmacological interventions or nutrient-based bioactive NAD+ precursors as therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. Thus, a better understanding of the cellular functions of NAD(H) and NADP(H) may facilitate efforts to address a host of pathological disorders effectively. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 251-272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pyridine dinucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), were discovered more than 100 years ago as necessary cofactors for fermentation in yeast extracts. Since that time, these molecules have been recognized as fundamental players in a variety of cellular processes, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene transcription, among many others. Given their critical role as mediators of cellular responses to metabolic perturbations, it is unsurprising that dysregulation of NAD and NADP metabolism has been associated with the pathobiology of many chronic human diseases. Recent Advances: A biochemistry renaissance in biomedical research, with its increasing focus on the metabolic pathobiology of human disease, has reignited interest in pyridine dinucleotides, which has led to new insights into the cell biology of NAD(P) metabolism, including its cellular pharmacokinetics, biosynthesis, subcellular localization, and regulation. This review highlights these advances to illustrate the importance of NAD(P) metabolism in the molecular pathogenesis of disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Perturbations of NAD(H) and NADP(H) are a prominent feature of human disease; however, fundamental questions regarding the regulation of the absolute levels of these cofactors and the key determinants of their redox ratios remain. Moreover, an integrated topological model of NAD(P) biology that combines the metabolic and other roles remains elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As the complex regulatory network of NAD(P) metabolism becomes illuminated, sophisticated new approaches to manipulating these pathways in specific organs, cells, or organelles will be developed to target the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease, opening doors for the next generation of redox-based, metabolism-targeted therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 180-212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Fessel
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William M Oldham
- 2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Integration of flux measurements to resolve changes in anabolic and catabolic metabolism in cardiac myocytes. Biochem J 2017; 474:2785-2801. [PMID: 28706006 PMCID: PMC5545928 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although ancillary pathways of glucose metabolism are critical for synthesizing cellular building blocks and modulating stress responses, how they are regulated remains unclear. In the present study, we used radiometric glycolysis assays, [13C6]-glucose isotope tracing, and extracellular flux analysis to understand how phosphofructokinase (PFK)-mediated changes in glycolysis regulate glucose carbon partitioning into catabolic and anabolic pathways. Expression of kinase-deficient or phosphatase-deficient 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes co-ordinately regulated glycolytic rate and lactate production. Nevertheless, in all groups, >40% of glucose consumed by the cells was unaccounted for via catabolism to pyruvate, which suggests entry of glucose carbons into ancillary pathways branching from metabolites formed in the preparatory phase of glycolysis. Analysis of 13C fractional enrichment patterns suggests that PFK activity regulates glucose carbon incorporation directly into the ribose and the glycerol moieties of purines and phospholipids, respectively. Pyrimidines, UDP-N-acetylhexosamine, and the fatty acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol and triglycerides showed lower 13C incorporation under conditions of high PFK activity; the isotopologue 13C enrichment pattern of each metabolite indicated limitations in mitochondria-engendered aspartate, acetyl CoA and fatty acids. Consistent with this notion, high glycolytic rate diminished mitochondrial activity and the coupling of glycolysis to glucose oxidation. These findings suggest that a major portion of intracellular glucose in cardiac myocytes is apportioned for ancillary biosynthetic reactions and that PFK co-ordinates the activities of the pentose phosphate, hexosamine biosynthetic, and glycerolipid synthesis pathways by directly modulating glycolytic intermediate entry into auxiliary glucose metabolism pathways and by indirectly regulating mitochondrial cataplerosis.
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Responses to reductive stress in the cardiovascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:114-124. [PMID: 27940350 PMCID: PMC5462861 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that reductive stress represents a disturbance in the redox state that is harmful to biological systems. On a cellular level, the presence of increased reducing equivalents and the lack of beneficial fluxes of reactive oxygen species can prevent growth factor-mediated signaling, promote mitochondrial dysfunction, increase apoptosis, and decrease cell survival. In this review, we highlight the importance of redox balance in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and consider the tenuous balance between oxidative and reductive stress. We explain the role of reductive stress in models of protein aggregation-induced cardiomyopathies, such as those caused by mutations in αB-crystallin. In addition, we discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in models of heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion to illustrate how oxidants may mediate the adaptive responses to injury. NADPH oxidase 4, a hydrogen peroxide generator, also has a major role in promoting vascular homeostasis through its regulation of vascular tone, angiogenic responses, and effects on atherogenesis. In contrast, the lack of antioxidant enzymes that reduce hydrogen peroxide, such as glutathione peroxidase 1, promotes vascular remodeling and is deleterious to endothelial function. Thus, we consider the role of oxidants as necessary signals to promote adaptive responses, such as the activation of Nrf2 and eNOS, and the stabilization of Hif1. In addition, we discuss the adaptive metabolic reprogramming in hypoxia that lead to a reductive state, and the subsequent cellular redistribution of reducing equivalents from NADH to other metabolites. Finally, we discuss the paradoxical ability of excess reducing equivalents to stimulate oxidative stress and promote injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
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46
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Gupta A, Houston B. A comprehensive review of the bioenergetics of fatty acid and glucose metabolism in the healthy and failing heart in nondiabetic condition. Heart Fail Rev 2017; 22:825-842. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park YJ, Choe SS, Sohn JH, Kim JB. The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Adipocyte 2017; 6:147-153. [PMID: 28425844 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1288321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. One hallmark characteristics of obesity is chronic inflammation that is coordinately controlled by complex signaling networks in adipose tissues. Compelling evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its related signaling pathways play crucial roles in the progression of chronic inflammation in obesity. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an anabolic pathway that utilizes the glucoses to generate molecular building blocks and reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH. In particular, NADPH acts as one of the key modulators in the control of ROS through providing an electron for both ROS generation and scavenging. Recently, we have reported that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, is implicated in adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in obesity. Mechanistically, G6PD potentiates generation of ROS that augments pro-inflammatory responses in adipose tissue macrophages, leading to systemic insulin resistance. Here, we provide an overview of cell type- specific roles of G6PD in the regulation of ROS balance as well as additional details on the significance of G6PD that contributes to pro-oxidant NADPH generation in obesity-related chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyung Sohn
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Liu HY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. What has passed is prolog: new cellular and physiological roles of G6PD. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1047-1064. [PMID: 27684214 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1223296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
G6PD deficiency has been the most pervasive inherited disorder in the world since having been discovered. G6PD has an antioxidant role by functioning as a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) provider to reduce excessive oxidative stress. NADPH can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), respectively. Hence, G6PD also has a pro-oxidant role. Research in the past has focused on the enhanced susceptibility of G6PD-deficient cells or individuals to oxidative challenge. The cytoregulatory role of G6PD has largely been overlooked. By using a metabolomic approach, it is noted that upon oxidant challenge, G6PD-deficient cells will reprogram the GSH metabolism from regeneration to synthesis with exhaustive energy consumption. Recently, new cellular/physiologic roles of G6PD have been discovered. By using a proteomic approach, it has been found that G6PD plays a regulatory role in xenobiotic metabolism possibly via NOX and the redox-sensitive Nrf2-signaling pathway to modulate the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Since G6PD is a key regulator responsible for intracellular redox homeostasis, G6PD deficiency can alter redox balance leading to many abnormal cellular effects such as the cellular inflammatory and immune response against viral infection. G6PD may play an important role in embryogenesis as G6PD-knockdown mouse cannot produce offspring and G6PD-deficient C. elegans with defective egg production and hatching. This array of findings indicates that the cellular and physiologic roles of G6PD, other than the classical role as an antioxidant enzyme, deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Arnold Stern
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,d Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou , Taiwan
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Ham M, Choe SS, Shin KC, Choi G, Kim JW, Noh JR, Kim YH, Ryu JW, Yoon KH, Lee CH, Kim JB. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Improves Insulin Resistance With Reduced Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Diabetes 2016; 65:2624-38. [PMID: 27284106 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, plays important roles in redox regulation and de novo lipogenesis. It was recently demonstrated that aberrant upregulation of G6PD in obese adipose tissue mediates insulin resistance as a result of imbalanced energy metabolism and oxidative stress. It remains elusive, however, whether inhibition of G6PD in vivo may relieve obesity-induced insulin resistance. In this study we showed that a hematopoietic G6PD defect alleviates insulin resistance in obesity, accompanied by reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Compared with wild-type littermates, G6PD-deficient mutant (G6PD(mut)) mice were glucose tolerant upon high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Intriguingly, the expression of NADPH oxidase genes to produce reactive oxygen species was alleviated, whereas that of antioxidant genes was enhanced in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed G6PD(mut) mice. In diet-induced obesity (DIO), the adipose tissue of G6PD(mut) mice decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by downregulated proinflammatory macrophages. Accordingly, macrophages from G6PD(mut) mice greatly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory signaling cascades, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of G6PD(mut) bone marrow to wild-type mice attenuated adipose tissue inflammation and improved glucose tolerance in DIO. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of macrophage G6PD would ameliorate insulin resistance in obesity through suppression of proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Ham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Cheul Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je-Won Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Kim DB, Chung WC, Lee SJ, Sung HJ, Woo S, Kim HS, Jeong YO, Lee H, Kim YJ. Analysis of risk factor and clinical characteristics of angiodysplasia presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:669-77. [PMID: 26828247 PMCID: PMC4939498 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Angiodysplasia is important in the differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), but the clinical features and outcomes associated with UGIB from angiodysplasia have not been characterized. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of angiodysplasia presented as UGIB. METHODS Between January 2004 and December 2013, a consecutive series of patients admitted with UGIB were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-five patients with bleeding from angiodysplasia were enrolled. We compared them with an asymptomatic control group (incidental finding of angiodysplasia in health screening, n = 58) and bleeding control group (simultaneous finding of angiodysplasia and peptic ulcer bleeding, n = 28). RESULTS When patients with UGIB from angiodysplasia were compared with the asymptomatic control group, more frequent rates of nonantral location and large sized lesion (≥ 1 cm) were evident in multivariate analysis. When these patients were compared with the bleeding control group, they were older (mean age: 67.94 ± 9.16 years vs.55.07 ± 13.29 years, p = 0.03) and received less transfusions (p = 0.03). They also had more frequent rate of recurrence (40.0% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Non-antral location and large lesions (≥ 1 cm) could be risk factors of UGIB of angiodysplasia. UGIB due to angiodysplasia was more common in older patients. Transfusion requirement would be less and a tendency of clinical recurrence might be apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Correspondence to Woo Chul Chung, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93 Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon 16247, Korea Tel: +82-31-249-7138 Fax: +82-31-253-8898 E-mail:
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