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Duan Y, Nan Y, Xiao M, Yang Y. Toxicity of three microcystin variants on the histology, physiological and metabolism of hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109904. [PMID: 38508355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are prevalent harmful contaminants within shrimp aquaculture systems, exhibiting a diverse array of variants. Gut microbiota can engage in mutual interactions with the host through the gut-liver axis. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were subjected to three different variants of MCs (LR, YR, RR) at a concentration of 1 μg/L each, and elucidated the alterations in both intestinal microbiota and hepatopancreas physiological homeostasis. The results showed that all three variants of MCs prompted histological alterations in the hepatopancreas, induced elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (H2O2, T-SOD, and CAT), disturbed the transcription levels of immune-related genes (Crus, ALF, and Lys), along with an increase in apoptotic genes (Casp-3 and P53). Furthermore, the metabolic profiles of the hepatopancreas were perturbed, particularly in amino acid metabolism such as "lysine degradation" and "β-alanine metabolism"; the mTOR and FoxO signaling were also influenced, encompassing alterations in the transcription levels of related genes. Additionally, the alterations were observed in the intestinal microbiota's diversity and composition, particularly potential beneficial bacteria (Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Collinsella, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001), which exhibited a positive correlation with the metabolite berberine. These findings reveal that the three MCs variants can impact the health of the shrimp by interfering with the homeostasis of intestinal microbial and hepatopancreas physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, PR China.
| | - Yuxiu Nan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yukai Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
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2
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Drobac Backović D, Tokodi N. Cyanotoxins in food: Exposure assessment and health impact. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114271. [PMID: 38609248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The intricate nature of cyanotoxin exposure through food reveals a complex web of risks and uncertainties in our dietary choices. With the aim of starting to unravel this intricate nexus, a comprehensive review of 111 papers from the past two decades investigating cyanotoxin contamination in food was undertaken. It revealed a widespread occurrence of cyanotoxins in diverse food sources across 31 countries. Notably, 68% of the studies reported microcystin concentrations exceeding established Tolerable Daily Intake levels. Cyanotoxins were detected in muscles of many fish species, and while herbivorous fish exhibited the highest recorded concentration, omnivorous species displayed a higher propensity for cyanotoxin accumulation, exemplified by Oreochromis niloticus. Beyond fish, crustaceans and bivalves emerged as potent cyanotoxin accumulators. Gaps persist regarding contamination of terrestrial and exotic animals and their products, necessitating further exploration. Plant contamination under natural conditions remains underreported, yet evidence underscores irrigation-driven cyanotoxin accumulation, particularly affecting leafy vegetables. Finally, cyanobacterial-based food supplements often harbored cyanotoxins (57 % of samples were positive) warranting heightened scrutiny, especially for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae-based products. Uncertainties surround precise concentrations due to methodological variations (chemical and biochemical) and extraction limitations, along with the enigmatic fate of toxins during storage, processing, and digestion. Nonetheless, potential health consequences of cyanotoxin exposure via contaminated food include gastrointestinal and neurological disorders, organ damage (e.g. liver, kidneys, muscles), and even elevated cancer risks. While microcystins received significant attention, knowledge gaps persist regarding other cyanotoxins' accumulation, exposure, and effects, as well as combined exposure via multiple pathways. Intriguing and complex, cyanotoxin exposure through food beckons further research for our safer and healthier diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobac Backović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Nada Tokodi
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, Poland.
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Shu Y, Wang H, Jiang H, Zhou S, Zhang L, Ding Z, Hong P, He J, Wu H. Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide-mediated modulation of skin damage caused by microcystin-LR in tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123440. [PMID: 38290654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)-derived polysaccharides on microcystin leucine-arginine (MC-LR)-induced skin damage in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles. Tadpoles were exposed to 1 μg/L daily MC-LR, with or without 5.0 g/kg of dietary P. ostreatus polysaccharides, for 30 days. P. ostreatus polysaccharide supplementation significantly increased the dermal collagen fibrils, increased tight junction protein gene expression, decreased the amount of MC-LR accumulation in skin tissues, attenuated oxidative stress, downregulated apoptosis-associated gene transcription, decreased eosinophil numbers, and downregulated transcription of inflammation-related genes (e.g. TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α). The composition of the skin commensal microbiota of MC-LR-exposed tadpoles supplemented with P. ostreatus polysaccharides was similar to that of the no-treatment control group. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content was positively correlated with the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, including Chryseobacterium and Thauera. Therefore, P. ostreatus polysaccharides may alleviate MC-LR-induced skin barrier damage in tadpoles in two ways: 1) attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis mediated by increased glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase activity; and 2) alteration of the skin commensal microbiota composition to attenuate the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 inflammatory pathway response. Furthermore, P. ostreatus polysaccharides may increase skin GSH synthesis by promoting glycine production via the gut microbiota and may restore the MC-LR-damaged skin resistance to pathogenic bacteria by increasing antimicrobial peptide transcripts and lysozyme activity. This study highlights for the first time the potential application of P. ostreatus polysaccharides, an ecologically active substance, in mitigating the skin damage induced by MC-LR exposure, and may provide new insights for its further development in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zifang Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Pei Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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de Sousa Gomes-Gonçalves R, Araújo FG. Interdecadal changes in ichthyofauna in a tropical bay with high anthropogenic influences: functional stability despite turnover predominance. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:536-547. [PMID: 37874547 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional characteristics of species are of great importance for understanding their roles in ecosystems and can be used to detect long-term chances in the environment. We evaluated temporal changes (1983-1985 and 2017-2019) in taxonomic and functional indices of the fish fauna in shallow areas of a tropical bay heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities in recent decades. The hypothesis that functional indices change over time as a result of environmental degradation was tested. Our results showed a significant decrease in species richness and abundance over time, and in functional richness, while others functional diversity indices (divergency, evenness, and originality) remained stable. Thirteen functional groups were detected, some of which contained only one species, raising concerns about the loss of ecosystem functions due to ongoing changes. We also observed an increase in beta diversity over time, which may be the result of a decrease in local richness without leading to regional extinctions. Turnover was the most important process in structuring the fish fauna at the evaluated time scale. The relative stability of the functional structure and the higher levels of turnover seem to be related to the dominance of functional groups, within which species replace each other according to their responses to environmental filters that select for specific functional traits. Incorporating functional diversity indices and beta diversity variations in the fish community helped to enhance the existing information about this coastal system by offering improved estimates of biological diversity through diverse approaches. The predominance of turnover identified in the preset study suggests a dynamic and fluctuating species composition within the habitat. In this sense, habitat preservation should prioritize the protection of diverse habitats to accommodate a broad spectrum of species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Seropédica, Brazil
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Duan Y, Nan Y, Yang Y, Xing Y. Toxic effects of three variants of microcystins on the intestinal histology, physiological and metabolic response of Litopenaeus vannamei. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106809. [PMID: 38183775 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are harmful substances to the health of cultured shrimp, and there are many variants of MCs. Intestinal is the immune and metabolic center of the shrimp, and is also the target organ for MCs toxicity. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile were separately exposed to 1 μg/L of three MCs variants (LR, YR, RR) for 72 h respectively, and the changes of intestinal morphology, physiological response and metabolic function were analyzed. The results showed the three MCs variants stress caused intestinal mucosal damage and disordered the homeostasis of antimicrobial genes (ALF and Lys) expression. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (Nrf2 and GPx) and apoptosis factors (CytC and Casp-3) were increased, but that of detoxification gene (CYP450) was decreased. Furthermore, the intestinal metabolic pattern was also influenced by stresses, among which MC-LR induced more differential metabolites than that of MC-YR and MC-RR. The function of purine metabolism was highly influenced by the stress of three MCs variants, followed by amino acid metabolism, but there were differences in the types of amino acids. The metabolites citric acid, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, spermine, UMP, and indole contributed to the metabolic pathway network. Nineteen stress-related metabolites were identified as candidates for subsequent screening of potential biomarkers. These results revealed the toxic effects of three MCs variants on the intestinal physiological and metabolic homeostasis of the shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, PR China.
| | - Yuxiu Nan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yukai Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| | - Yifu Xing
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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Zhang H, Wu J, Fang N, Zhang S, Su X, Jiang H, Hong P, Wu H, Shu Y. Waterborne exposure to microcystin-leucine arginine induces endocrine disruption and gonadal dysplasia of Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167644. [PMID: 37806583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microcystins on the gonad development and reproduction endocrine in the tadpole stage on amphibians remains unclear. In this study, the tadpoles (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) were exposed to 0, 1, and 10 μg/L of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) for 60 days to explore the impacts of environmental realistic concentration MC-LR on gonad development and reproduction endocrine, respectively. After MC-LR exposure, the germ cell structure has changed, especially in oocytes. The 10 μg/L MC-LR exposure group showed a significantly diminished gonad somatic index (GSI) in females. However, the sex ratio of tadpoles did not differ significantly. Moreover, gene transcription (figla and nobox) related to ovarian development and genes (sox9 and dmrt1) associated with testicular development were down-regulated after MC-LR exposure. After MC-LR exposure, the gene transcripts encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh1 and gnrh2) were down-regulated in the hypothalamus, while gonadotropins (FSH and LH) levels increased in serum. The transcripts of testosterone synthesis-related genes (star, cyp11a1, 3β-hsd, cyp17a1, and 17β-hsd) were up-regulated in the gonads, and the testosterone (T) concentration increased in serum. However, key gene transcript (cyp19a1) involved in estradiol synthesis was down-regulated and the estradiol (E2) concentration decreased in serum, resulting in the absence of a compensatory mechanism for positive feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis to maintain E2 levels. The vitellogenin gene (vtg1) transcription level was significantly down-regulated. The E2/T content ratio decreased in MC-LR concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, MC-LR exposure interfered with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis in tadpoles, which in turn affects gonadal development, especially the ovaries. Overall, this study provides the initial evidence that MC-LR exerts significant effects on reproductive endocrinology and gonadal development in amphibian tadpoles, highlighting the susceptibility of the tadpole reproductive system to the environmental risks of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Juntao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Nanxi Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shengbin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Pei Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Xu W, Hu X, Li H, Tian X, Ouyang Z, Du Y, Chen J. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 on growth, immunity and intestinal microbiota of Penaeus vannamei under Microcystin-LR stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106763. [PMID: 37980848 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are biologically active cyclic heptapeptide compounds released by cyanobacteria in water bodies, and MC-LR is one of the most widespread and toxic isoforms. It frequently poses a serious threat to Penaeus vannamei aquaculture. Our previous study revealed that the supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 has a probiotic effect on P. vannamei health and whether Ep-M17 can alleviate the stressful effects of MC-LR on shrimp remains unclear. Therefore, in the present work, shrimp were fed MC-LR alone or combined with Ep-M17 for six weeks, and then evaluated the effects on histology, enzyme activity, gene expression, and intestinal flora. The results showed that MC-LR stress lead to slow growth and reduced survival rates in shrimp. However, feeding Ep-M17 significantly increased both the growth rate and survival rate. Meanwhile, MC-LR stress caused severe tissue damage in the hepatopancreas and intestines of shrimp, but Ep-M17 significantly reduced the toxic effects and protected the integrity of these tissues. Additionally, Ep-M17 significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and digestive enzymes, and induced higher expression of immune-related genes, thereby promoting the digestive and immune responses in shrimp. Furthermore, MC-LR stress disrupted the intestinal flora in shrimp intestines, while the use of Ep-M17 significantly increased the abundance of immune- and metabolism-related bacteria and inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria to maintain intestinal flora balance and intestinal health. In conclusion, our results indicate that Ep-M17 can reduce the toxic effect of MC-LR on shrimp and has a positive function in the prevention and control of shrimp diseases caused by MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Xiaoman Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Zhihang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
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Kurbatova S, Berezina N, Sharov A, Chernova E, Kurashov E, Krylova Y, Yershov I, Mavrin A, Otyukova N, Borisovskaya E, Fedorov R. Effects of Algicidal Macrophyte Metabolites on Cyanobacteria, Microcystins, Other Plankton, and Fish in Microcosms. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:529. [PMID: 37755955 PMCID: PMC10535574 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To control harmful algae blooms (HABs), methods based on natural mechanisms are now required. We investigated the effects of an algicide derived from macrophyte metabolites, namely mixtures of gallic, tetradecanoic, heptanoic, and octanoic acids (1:1:1:1 mass ratio, a total concentration of 14 mg/L), on the biomass of cyanobacteria and other plankton and the production of microcystins under experimental conditions. Two types of microcosms have been created: simple (microalgae, cyanobacteria, and zooplankton) and complex (microalgae, cyanobacteria, zooplankton, and planktivorous fish). We observed the dynamics of the phytoplankton structure, the concentrations of microcystins and chlorophyll-a, hydrochemistry, and the status of zooplankton and fish in both types of microcosms with and without algicide for one month (from 19 July to 19 August 2021). The introduction of algicide caused changes in phytoplankton structure, a drop in cyanobacterial biomass, and a decrease in the total concentration of microcystins. Surprisingly, the contributions of the most toxic microcystins (LR form) were higher in both types of microcosms exposed to algicide than in microcosms without algicide. The inhibitory effect on the cyanobacterial biomass was most significant in complex ecosystems (containing fish), while it was only observed at the end of the exposure in simple ecosystems. Not only algicide but also phytoplankton consumed by fish and zooplankton, as well as nutrient excretory activity by both consumers, seem to have impact on cyanobacterial biomass. This study found that the using chemical substances similar to macrophyte metabolites can help regulate HABs and cyanotoxins. However, the results differ depending on ecosystem type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kurbatova
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Nadezhda Berezina
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Sharov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Chernova
- St. Petersburg Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Kurashov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yulia Krylova
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Igor Yershov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Alexander Mavrin
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Natalia Otyukova
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Elena Borisovskaya
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Roman Fedorov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia; (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (Y.K.)
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9
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Wang W, Zhang H, Wei L, Ma Y, Jiang H, Yuen CNT, Zhang J, Wu H, Shu Y. Microcystin-leucine arginine causes brain injury and functional disorder in Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles by oxidative stress and inflammation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106509. [PMID: 36989925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a toxin commonly found in eutrophic waters worldwide, but its potential effects on amphibian brain toxicity and exposure mechanisms are unclear. In this study, Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles were exposed to MC-LR for 30 days at realistic ambient concentrations (0, 0.5, and 2 µg/L) to reveal its effects on brain health. The MC-LR bioaccumulation in the brain increased in dependence on the concentration of MC-LR exposure. Exposure to 0.5 and 2 µg/L MC-LR resulted in a significant down-regulation of the expression of structural components of the blood-brain barrier (CLDN1), while the expression of genes associated with inflammation (NLRP3, TNF, IL-1β, and CXCL12) was significantly up-regulated with increased number of eosinophils. In the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions, the number of vacuolated neuropils increased with increasing MC-LR exposure concentration, while the expression of genes associated with neuronal development (LGALS1, CACNA2D2, and NLGN4X) and neurotransmitter transmission (SLC6A13 and AChE) was significantly down-regulated. Moreover, the levels of neurotransmitters (5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and ACh) were significantly reduced. These results provide strong evidence that MC-LR exposure at realistic ambient concentrations of 0.5 and 2 µg/L can break the blood-brain barrier and raise the accumulation of MC-LR in the brain tissue, causing structural damage and functional disorder to brain neurons. Further, based on transcriptomic and biochemical analysis, it was revealed that MC-LR exposure induces DNA damage through oxidative stress and may be an important pathway causing brain structural damage and functional disorder. Overall, this study demonstrates the significant effects of MC-LR on the brain tissue of amphibians, highlighting the sensitivity of amphibians to MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Luting Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Calista N T Yuen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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10
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Seo Y, Yoon Y, Lee M, Jang M, Kim TH, Kim Y, Yoo HY, Min J, Lee T. Rapid electrochemical biosensor composed of DNA probe/iridium nanoparticle bilayer for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae detection in fresh water. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113218. [PMID: 36871331 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and require adequate detection and control systems. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a harmful cyanobacterium that produces the toxicant saxitoxin. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the presence of A. flos-aquae in lakes and rivers. We proposed a rapid electrochemical biosensor composed of DNA primer/iridium nanoparticles (IrNP) bilyer for the detection of A. flos-aquae in freshwater. The extracted A. flos-aquae gene (rbcL-rbcX) is used as a target, and it was fixed to the electrode using a 5'-thiolated DNA primer (capture probe). Then, Avidin@IrNPs complex for amplification of electrical signals was bound to the target through a 3'-biotinylated DNA primer (detection probe). To rapidly detect the target, an alternating current electrothermal flow technique was introduced in the detection step, which could reduce the detection time to within 20 min. To confirm the biosensor fabrication, atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphology. To evaluate the biosensor performance, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used. The target gene was detected at a concentration of 9.99 pg/mL in tap water, and the detection range was 0.1 ng/mL to 103 ng/mL with high selectivity. Based on the combined system, we employed A. flos-aquae in tap water. This rapid cyanobacteria detection system is a powerful tool for CyanoHABs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungro Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonbong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Badagian N, Pírez Schirmer M, Pérez Parada A, Gonzalez-Sapienza G, Brena BM. Determination of Microcystins in Fish Tissue by ELISA and MALDI-TOF MS Using a Highly Specific Single Domain Antibody. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020084. [PMID: 36828400 PMCID: PMC9966346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of simple, reliable, and cost-effective methods is critically important to study the spatial and temporal variation of microcystins (MCs) in the food chain. Nanobodies (Nbs), antigen binding fragments from camelid antibodies, present valuable features for analytical applications. Their small antigen binding site offers a focused recognition of small analytes, reducing spurious cross-reactivity and matrix effects. A high affinity and broad cross-reactivity anti-MCs-Nb, from a llama antibody library, was validated in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and bound to magnetic particles with an internal standard for pre-concentration in quantitative-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (Nb-QMALDI MS). Both methods are easy and fast; ELISA provides a global result, while Nb-QMALDI MS allows for the quantification of individual congeners and showed excellent performance in the fish muscle extracts. The ELISA assay range was 1.8-29 ng/g and for Nb-QMALDI, it was 0.29-29 ng/g fish ww. Fifty-five fish from a MC-containing dam were analyzed by both methods. The correlation ELISA/sum of the MC congeners by Nb-QMALDI-MS was very high (r Spearman = 0.9645, p < 0.0001). Using ROC curves, ELISA cut-off limits were defined to accurately predict the sum of MCs by Nb-QMALDI-MS (100% sensitivity; ≥89% specificity). Both methods were shown to be simple and efficient for screening MCs in fish muscle to prioritize samples for confirmatory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Badagian
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Macarena Pírez Schirmer
- Immunology Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Pérez Parada
- Technological Development Department, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 9, Rocha 27000, Uruguay
| | - Gualberto Gonzalez-Sapienza
- Immunology Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz M. Brena
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence:
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12
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Curren E, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Leong SCY. The toxic cosmopolitan cyanobacteria Moorena producens: insights into distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78178-78206. [PMID: 36190622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moorena producens is a benthic filamentous cyanobacteria that has been widely documented for its toxicity. This cyanobacterium colonizes both temperate (37%) and tropical (63%) regions, making it a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium with a global distribution. M. producens grows across coral reefs in multiple locations but recurringly blooms in Queensland, Australia. Today, nuisance blooms of M. producens have resulted in major disruptions to recreational activities along coastal areas and are known to cause adverse effects on organism and human health upon contact or ingestion. Specifically, marine organisms such as the green turtle Chelonia mydas and hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata were fatally poisoned by M. producens after consumption of this cyanobacterium. Reports record a range of effects on human health, from pain and blistering or even death upon ingestion of contaminated seafood. Blooms of M. producens are triggered by influxes of nitrogen, phosphate and iron, from surrounding coastal runoffs or sewage effluents. Additions of these nutrients can result in an increase in growth rate by 4-16 times. Iron bioavailability also plays a crucial role in bloom formation. A total of 231 natural products from 66 groups were identified from M. producens, with the three dominant groups: malyngamides, microcolins and dolastatins. These bioactive secondary metabolites have displayed toxicities against a range of carcinoma cell lines and organisms such as brine shrimp Artemia salina and goldfish Carassius auratus. This review provides a thorough insight to the distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity of M. producens, with reports on bloom events and implications on organism and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
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13
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Benayache NY, Afri-Mehennaoui FZ, Kherief-Nacereddine S, Vo-Quoc B, Hushchyna K, Nguyen-Quang T, Bouaïcha N. Massive fish death associated with the toxic cyanobacterial Planktothrix sp. bloom in the Béni-Haroun Reservoir (Algeria). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80849-80859. [PMID: 35729384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In July 2017, a massive bloom of the potentially toxic cyanobacterial species Planktothrix sp. was observed in the Béni-Haroun Reservoir (Algeria), which was followed by a massive fish death. Many questions were raised in association with the role of cyanotoxins and the fish massive mortality. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the variability of physicochemical and cyanobacterial parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and microcystins) throughout the period of July 2017 to June 2018; and (2) to determine the free and total MC levels in viscera and muscle tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which are found dead in the considered reservoir in October 2017. Our results showed microcystin (MC) concentrations in water samples (by the protein phosphatase PP2A assay) had reached 651.2 ng MC-LR equiv./L. Total MC levels (free + bound) in the viscera and muscle tissues of sampled dead fish were at 960.24 and 438.54 µg MC-LR equiv./kg dw, respectively. It is assumed that high concentrations of MC observed in the tissues of common carp induced a strong degradation of the visceral contents resulting in the complete lysis of the hepatopancreas, and presumably the massive fish death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila-Yasmine Benayache
- Laboratoire Biologie Et Environnement, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution UMR 8079, Université Paris-Saclay, 12 Route 128 (Bât. IDEEV), 91190, Gif-sur Yvette, France.
| | | | - Saliha Kherief-Nacereddine
- Laboratoire Biologie Et Environnement, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Bao Vo-Quoc
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling Lab (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro-Bible Hill, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Kateryna Hushchyna
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling Lab (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro-Bible Hill, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tri Nguyen-Quang
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling Lab (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro-Bible Hill, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Noureddine Bouaïcha
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution UMR 8079, Université Paris-Saclay, 12 Route 128 (Bât. IDEEV), 91190, Gif-sur Yvette, France
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14
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Duan Y, Xing Y, Zeng S, Dan X, Mo Z, Zhang J, Li Y. Integration of metagenomic and metabolomic insights into the effects of microcystin-LR on intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994188. [PMID: 36212851 PMCID: PMC9537473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a hazardous substance that threaten the health of aquatic animals. Intestinal microbes and their metabolites can interact with hosts to influence physiological homeostasis. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 1.0 μg/l MC-LR for 72 h, and the toxic effects of MC-LR on the intestinal microbial metagenomic and metabolomic responses of the shrimp were investigated. The results showed that MC-LR stress altered the gene functions of intestinal microbial, including ABC transporter, sulfur metabolism and riboflavin (VB2) metabolism, and induced a significant increase of eight carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Alternatively, intestinal metabolic phenotypes were also altered, especially ABC transporters, protein digestion and absorption, and the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acid. Furthermore, based on the integration of intestinal microbial metagenomic and metabolome, four bacteria species (Demequina globuliformis, Demequina sp. NBRC 110055, Sphingomonas taxi and Sphingomonas sp. RIT328) and three metabolites (yangonin, α-hederin and soyasaponin ii) biomarkers were identified. Overall, our study provides new insights into the effects of MC-LR on the intestinal microbial functions of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifu Xing
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Zeng
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueming Dan
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zequan Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiasong Zhang,
| | - Yanwei Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yanwei Li,
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15
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Shu Y, Jiang H, Yuen CNT, Wang W, He J, Zhang H, Liu G, Wei L, Chen L, Wu H. Microcystin-leucine arginine induces skin barrier damage and reduces resistance to pathogenic bacteria in Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113584. [PMID: 35512477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of the skin mucosal barrier and commensal microbiota for the health of amphibians, the potential of environmental contaminants to disrupt the skin mucosal barrier and microbiota have rarely been studied in toxicology. In this study, tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) were exposed to 0, 0.5, and 2 μg/L of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) for 30 days to explore the impacts of environmentally realistic MC-LR concentrations on the physical skin barrier, immune barrier, commensal microbiota, and skin resistance to pathogenic bacterial invasion. MC-LR exposure significantly reduced the collagen fibrils in the dermis of skin tissues and down-regulated tight junction and stratum corneum-related gene transcriptions, suggesting the damage caused by MC-LR to the physical barrier of the skin. Increased skin eosinophils and upregulated transcriptions of inflammation-related genes in the exposed tadpoles underline the development of skin inflammation resulting from MC-LR exposure even at environmentally realistic concentrations. Comparative transcriptome and immunobiochemical analyses found that antimicrobial peptides (Brevinin-1PLc, Brevinin-2GHc, and Ranatuerin-2PLa) and lysozyme were down-regulated in the exposed groups, while complement, pattern recognition receptor, and specific immune processes were up-regulated. However, the content of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide produced by bacteria increased in a dose-dependent pattern. The disc diffusion test showed a reduced ability of skin supernatant to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the exposed groups. Analysis of microbial 16 S rRNA gene by high-throughput sequencing revealed that MC-LR interfered with the abundance, composition, and diversity of the skin commensal microbiota, which favored the growth of pathogen-containing genera Rhodococcus, Acinetobacter, and Gordonibacter. In summary, the current study provides the first clues about the impact of MC-LR on the integrity and function of skin barrier of amphibians. These new toxicological evidences can facilitate a more comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risk of MC-LR to amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Calista N T Yuen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guangxuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Luting Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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16
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Duan Y, Zeng S, Lu Z, Dan X, Mo Z, Xing Y, Zhang J, Li Y. Responses of lipid metabolism and lipidomics in the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to microcystin-LR exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153245. [PMID: 35065121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxic substance that threatens the health of aquatic animals. Hepatopancreas is the target organ of MC-LR toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of MC-LR on hepatopancreas lipid metabolism and lipidomic responses in Litopenaeus vannamei. After MC-LR exposure for 72 h, the hepatopancreas showed obvious tissue damage, and the activities of several lipase isoenzymes were decreased. Furthermore, the relative gene expression levels of lipolysis (CPT1, AMPKα), lipogenesis (SREBP, FAS, ACC, 6PGD), and long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (ACDL, ACDVL, ACBP) were increased. MC-LR exposure also affected lipidomics homeostasis. Specifically, the levels of glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylglycerol), sphingolipids (sphingomyelin and ceramides) and cholesteryl ester were increased, and those of phosphatidylinositol and triglyceride were decreased. The significantly altered lipid molecules were mainly associated with the pathways of lipid and fatty acid metabolism and autophagy. These results reveal that MC-LR exposure influences lipid metabolism and lipidomic homeostasis in the shrimp hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Shimin Zeng
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zijun Lu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xueming Dan
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zequan Mo
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yifu Xing
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Yanwei Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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17
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da Silva LC, Martins MVA, Castelo WFL, Saibro MB, Rangel D, Pereira E, Bergamaschi S, Sousa SHME, Varela J, Laut L, Frontalini F, Chaves H, Reis AT, Aguilera O, Zaaboub N, Cheriyan E, Geraldes MC. Trace metals enrichment and potential ecological risk in sediments of the Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113485. [PMID: 35278908 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Sepetiba Bay (SB; SE Brazil) has been severely affected by growing of urbanization and industrial activity. This work aims to analyze the evolution of contamination by metals of sediments in SB. The results show a marked increasing trend in the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), which is consistent with the rapid populational and industrial growth, mostly since 1970 CE. The remobilization and redistribution of sediments by currents have contributed to the dispersion of metals from the main source of pollutants to relatively distant regions. "Moderately to strongly polluted" sediments are also recorded in some sites in deeper sedimentary layers (namely in preindustrial periods), probably due to lithologic sources of the sediments. The concentrations of PTEs in SB are relatively high when compared with those found globally and in other Brazilian water bodies. Samples of high-resolution sediment cores confirmed that potential ecological risk to the coastal system is influenced not only through human actions but also by natural causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Cristine da Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Alves Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade de Aveiro, GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Wellen Fernanda Louzada Castelo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo Barros Saibro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dandara Rangel
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 4° andar, Bloco E, sala 4018, CEP 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Pereira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Bergamaschi
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Mello E Sousa
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Pça. Do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josefa Varela
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 4° andar, Bloco E, sala 4018, CEP 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lazaro Laut
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia - LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 436, Urca, CEP 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Hernani Chaves
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - António Tadeu Reis
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 4° andar, Bloco E, sala 4018, CEP 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orangel Aguilera
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Laboratorio de Paleoecologia e Mudanças Globais Campus de Gragoatá, Bloco M, CEP: 24210-200 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Noureddine Zaaboub
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Department of Marine Science, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eldhose Cheriyan
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Mauro César Geraldes
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Sundaravadivelu D, Sanan TT, Venkatapathy R, Mash H, Tettenhorst D, DAnglada L, Frey S, Tatters AO, Lazorchak J. Determination of Cyanotoxins and Prymnesins in Water, Fish Tissue, and Other Matrices: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030213. [PMID: 35324710 PMCID: PMC8949488 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their toxins are a significant and continuing threat to aquatic life in freshwater, estuarine, and coastal water ecosystems. Scientific understanding of the impacts of HABs on aquatic ecosystems has been hampered, in part, by limitations in the methodologies to measure cyanotoxins in complex matrices. This literature review discusses the methodologies currently used to measure the most commonly found freshwater cyanotoxins and prymnesins in various matrices and to assess their advantages and limitations. Identifying and quantifying cyanotoxins in surface waters, fish tissue, organs, and other matrices are crucial for risk assessment and for ensuring quality of food and water for consumption and recreational uses. This paper also summarizes currently available tissue extraction, preparation, and detection methods mentioned in previous studies that have quantified toxins in complex matrices. The structural diversity and complexity of many cyanobacterial and algal metabolites further impede accurate quantitation and structural confirmation for various cyanotoxins. Liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of toxin analysis has become an essential tool for cyanotoxin detection and can potentially be used for the concurrent analysis of multiple toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby T. Sanan
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; (H.M.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.T.S.); (J.L.); Tel.: +1-513-569-7076 (J.L.)
| | | | - Heath Mash
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; (H.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Dan Tettenhorst
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; (H.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Lesley DAnglada
- Office of Water, Science and Technology, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20004, USA; (L.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sharon Frey
- Office of Water, Science and Technology, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20004, USA; (L.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Avery O. Tatters
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA;
| | - James Lazorchak
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- Correspondence: (T.T.S.); (J.L.); Tel.: +1-513-569-7076 (J.L.)
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19
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Park H, Kim G, Seo Y, Yoon Y, Min J, Park C, Lee T. Improving Biosensors by the Use of Different Nanomaterials: Case Study with Microcystins as Target Analytes. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:525. [PMID: 34940282 PMCID: PMC8699174 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The eutrophication of lakes and rivers without adequate rainfall leads to excessive growth of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) that produce toxicants, green tides, and unpleasant odors. The rapid growth of CyanoHABs owing to global warming, climate change, and the development of rainforests and dams without considering the environmental concern towards lakes and rivers is a serious issue. Humans and livestock consuming the toxicant-contaminated water that originated from CyanoHABs suffer severe health problems. Among the various toxicants produced by CyanoHABs, microcystins (MCs) are the most harmful. Excess accumulation of MC within living organisms can result in liver failure and hepatocirrhosis, eventually leading to death. Therefore, it is essential to precisely detect MCs in water samples. To date, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been the standard methods for the detection of MC and provide precise results with high reliability. However, these methods require heavy instruments and complicated operation steps that could hamper the portability and field-readiness of the detection system. Therefore, in order for this goal to be achieved, the biosensor has been attracted to a powerful alternative for MC detection. Thus far, several types of MC biosensor have been proposed to detect MC in freshwater sample. The introduction of material is a useful option in order to improve the biosensor performance and construct new types of biosensors. Introducing nanomaterials to the biosensor interface provides new phenomena or enhances the sensitivity. In recent times, different types of nanomaterials, such as metallic, carbon-based, and transition metal dichalcogenide-based nanomaterials, have been developed and used to fabricate biosensors for MC detection. This study reviews the recent advancements in different nanomaterial-based MC biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (H.P.); (G.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Gahyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (H.P.); (G.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yoseph Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (H.P.); (G.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yejin Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (H.P.); (G.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (H.P.); (G.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (H.P.); (G.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.)
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Abdallah MF, Van Hassel WHR, Andjelkovic M, Wilmotte A, Rajkovic A. Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:786. [PMID: 34822570 PMCID: PMC8619289 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential to bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates which are the dominant climate types in developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, and mitigation) with a special focus on their contamination in (sea)food from all the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as this has received less attention. A total of 65 publications have been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting the contamination by one or more cyanotoxins in seafood and edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil and China conducted more research on cyanotoxin contamination in food in comparison to other countries. The majority of research focused on the detection of microcystins using different analytical methods. The detected levels mostly surpassed the provisional tolerable daily intake limit set by the World Health Organization, indicating a real risk to the exposed population. Assessment of cyanotoxin contamination in foods from developing countries still requires further investigations by conducting more survey studies, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple categories of cyanotoxins in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Wannes H. R. Van Hassel
- Sciensano, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Sciensano Research Institute, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Ju-liette Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- BCCM/ULC Cyanobacteria Collection, InBios-Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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21
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Dos Santos Costa R, Quadra GR, de Oliveira Souza H, do Amaral VS, Navoni JA. The link between pharmaceuticals and cyanobacteria: a review regarding ecotoxicological, ecological, and sanitary aspects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41638-41650. [PMID: 34118004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are important for ecosystem functioning, but eutrophication may affect the surrounding biome by losing ecosystem services and/or through affecting the cyanotoxins production that threatens ecological and human health. Pollution is an environmental issue that affects aquatic ecosystems worldwide, and the knowledge of the role of synthetic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals is still scarce. Therefore, studies coupling these two relevant issues are essential to better understand the ecological risks and the potential threats to public health. Thus, an overview of ecotoxicological tests performed in the literature exposing cyanobacteria to pharmaceuticals and the possible consequences regarding ecological and sanitary aspects was conducted. Moreover, a risk assessment was performed to enable a better understanding of pharmaceuticals affecting cyanobacteria ecology. Most of the studies found in the literature tested isolated pharmaceuticals in laboratory conditions, while others assessed mixture effects on in situ conditions. The endpoints most assessed were growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The studies also point out that cyanobacteria may present resistance or sensitivity depending on the concentrations and the therapeutic class, which may cause a change in the ecosystem dynamics and/or sanitary implications due to cyanotoxin production. The risk assessment highlighted that antibiotics are among the most relevant substances due to the chemical diversity and higher levels found in the environment than other therapeutic classes. This review highlighted gaps regarding cyanotoxin release into aquatic environments due to the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and the need for more realistic experiments to better understand the potential consequences for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Dos Santos Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Centro de Biociências, Natal, 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Rabelo Quadra
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Brazil
| | - Helena de Oliveira Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Oceanografia Química, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brasil
| | - Viviane Souza do Amaral
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Centro de Biociências, Natal, 59064-741, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Natal, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Julio Alejandro Navoni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Centro de Biociências, Natal, 59064-741, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Diretoria Acadêmica de Recursos Naturais, Natal, 59015-000, Brazil.
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22
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Chia MA, Abdulwahab R, Ameh I, Balogun JK, Auta J. Farmed tilapia as an exposure route to microcystins in Zaria-Nigeria: A seasonal investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116366. [PMID: 33401213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the contamination of farmed fish by microcystins, however, alternations in levels of contamination resulting from seasonal changes are infrequently described. This investigation is focused on the seasonal accumulation of microcystins in farmed Nile Tilapia muscle tissue across three farms located in Zaria, Nigeria, as a means of assessing the health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated fish. Total microcystins and cyanobacteria content, respectively, in muscle tissue and gut of tilapia varied, seasonally in the farms. Microcystin levels were higher in fish tissues analyzed in the dry season than the rainy season at Nagoyi and Danlami ponds. Correlating with the levels of microcystins found in fish tissues, the highest dissolved microcystins levels in all the fish farms occurred in the dry season, where the Bal and Kol fish farm had the highest concentration (0.265 ± 0.038 μgL-1). Gut analysis of fish obtained from the ponds, revealed a predominance of Microcystis spp. among other cyanobacteria. Estimation of total daily intake of consumed contaminated Nile tilapia muscles reveal values exceeding WHO recommended (0.04 μg kg-1 body weight) total daily intake of MC-LR. Consumption of tilapia from Danlami pond presented the greatest risk with a value of 0.093 μg kg-1 total daily intake. Results of the present study necessitate the implementation of legislation and monitoring programs for microcystins and other cyanobacteria contaminants of fish obtained from farms and other sources in Zaria and indeed several other African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilu Ameh
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Jehu Auta
- Department Biology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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23
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Restivo VE, Kidd KA, Surette MG, Servos MR, Wilson JY. Rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) from a river impacted by municipal wastewater effluents have altered gut content microbiomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141724. [PMID: 32889463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent contains pharmaceuticals and personal care products known to affect fish health and reproduction. The microbiome is a community of bacteria integral in maintaining host health and is influenced by species, diet, and environment. This study investigated changes in the diversity and composition of the gut content microbiome of rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) at ten sites on the Grand River, Ontario, Canada. Gut contents were collected in fall 2018 from these fish at sites upstream and downstream of two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; Waterloo and Kitchener). 16S rRNA genes were sequenced to determine the composition and diversity (alpha and beta) of microbial taxa present. Gut content bacterial alpha diversity increased downstream of both WWTP outfalls; dominance of bacterial amplicon sequence variants decreased compared to upstream fish. Fish collected at different sites had distinct bacterial communities, with upstream samples dominant in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and downstream samples increasingly abundant in Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. In mammals, increased abundance of Proteobacteria is indicative of microbial dysbiosis and has been linked to altered health outcomes, but this is not yet known for fish. This research indicates that the fish gut content microbiome was altered downstream of WWTP effluent outfalls and could lead to negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Epidemiology and Toxicology of Ciguatera Poisoning in the Colombian Caribbean. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100504. [PMID: 33019517 PMCID: PMC7601626 DOI: 10.3390/md18100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera is a food intoxication caused by the consumption of primarily coral fish; these species exist in large numbers in the seas that surround the Colombian territory. The underreported diagnosis of this clinical entity has been widely highlighted due to multiple factors, such as, among others, ignorance by the primary care practitioner consulted for this condition as well as clinical similarity to secondary gastroenteric symptoms and common food poisonings of bacterial, parasitic or viral etiology. Eventually, it was found that people affected by ciguatoxins had trips to coastal areas hours before the onset of symptoms. Thanks to multiple studies over the years, it has been possible to identify the relation between toxigenic dinoflagellates and seagrasses, as well as its incorporation into the food chain, starting by fish primarily inhabiting reef ecosystems and culminating in the intake of these by humans. Identifying the epidemiological link, its cardinal symptoms and affected systems, such as gastrointestinal, the peripheral nervous system and, fortunately with a low frequency, the cardiovascular system, leads to a purely clinical diagnostic impression without necessitating further complementary studies; in addition, what would also help fight ciguatera poisoning is performing an adequate treatment of the symptoms right from the start, without underestimating or overlooking any associated complications.
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25
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Wu JL, Liu WX, Wen CG, Qian GM, Hu BQ, Jian SQ, Yang G, Dong J. Effect of microcystin on the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes from Cristaria plicata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105526. [PMID: 32569999 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) is a cyclic heptapeptide toxin. Nuclear factor erythocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can enhance cellular survival by mediating phase 2 detoxification and antioxidant genes. In this study, CpNrf2 cDNA sequences were cloned from freshwater bivalve Cristaria plicata. The full-length CpNrf2 cDNA sequence was 4259 bp, and its homology was the highest with Mizuhopecten yessoensis, reaching 46%. CpNrf2 transcription levels were examined in all tested tissues, and the highest level was in hepatopancreas from C. plicata. The recombinant protein pET32-CpNrf2 was purified with the content of 1.375 mg/mL. The expression levels of CpNrf2 mRNA were raised in hepatopancreas after MC stimulation. After CpNrf2 knockdown, CpNrf2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated after 24 h. Compared with control group, the expression levels of ARE-driven enzymes (CpMnSOD, CpCuZnSOD, CpTRX, CpPrx, CpSe-GPx and Cpsigma-GST) were significantly increased, and those enzyme activities were also significantly up-regulated in MC-stimulated group. However, in CpNrf2-iRNA group, they were significantly down-regulated. The results revealed that Nrf2/ARE pathway is very crucial to protect molluscs from MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Lian Wu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Science & Technology, Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Liu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chun-Gen Wen
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guo-Ming Qian
- Rice Seed Stock of Dengjiabu Jiangxi, Yintan 335200, China
| | - Bao-Qing Hu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shao-Qing Jian
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Science & Technology, Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
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26
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Peng L, Tang Q, Gu J, Lei L, Chen W, Song L. Seasonal variation of microcystins and their accumulation in fish in two large shallow lakes of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:790-800. [PMID: 32424447 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of microcystins (MCs) has been widely observed in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, but its seasonal and specific variations remain unclear. In the present study, dissolved MCs in water, algal cell-bound MCs and muscle tissue MCs of nine fish species were investigated monthly in two of the largest shallow lakes in China: Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu. The fish species were grouped as carnivorous, planktivorous, and omnivorous fish. Seasonal variations in dissolved and algal cell-bound MCs in water and MCs contents of fish hepatopancreas and muscle were investigated in the two lakes from 2009 to 2010. Dissolved MCs in water ranged from 0.35 to 2.56 µg l-1 in Lake Taihu and 0.16 to 2.45 µg l-1 in Lake Chaohu, and showed seasonally a unimodal distribution. Algal cell-bound MCs also showed a similar seasonal variation in both lakes, but dissolved MCs in water peaked about one month later than algal cell-bound MCs. The MCs content in the Fish muscle was higher MCs from October to December than in the other months. For most of the fish species, it exceeded the tolerable daily intake value established by the WHO. The averaged MCs content in the muscle of carnivorous, planktivorous, omnivorous fish was 48.2, 28.7 and 37.8 μg kg-1 in Lake Taihu, respectively, and 27.8, 18.6 and 20.4 μg kg-1 in Lake Chaohu. It was significantly higher in carnivorous fish than in planktivorous and omnivorous fish, indicating that carnivorous fish has a higher exposure risk to the local people when consuming the harvested fish. The average ratio of hepatopancreas to muscle MCs contents was 13.0, 25.2, 13.8 for carnivorous, planktivorous, omnivorous fishes in Lake Taihu, respectively, and 18.0, 24.9, 14.8 in Lake Chaohu. These ratio for planktivorous fish almost doubled that for carnivorous and omnivorous fish. High correlation of MC content in carnivorous, omnivorous and planktivorous fish indicates that MCs can be delivered along trophic levels in the food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Quehui Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiguang Gu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, PR China.
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de Sousa Gomes-Gonçalves R, Silva de Aguiar F, Costa de Azevedo MC, Araújo FG. Functional stability despite anthropogenic influences on the ichthyofauna of a tropical bay. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105016. [PMID: 32662443 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Classifying species into groups based on taxonomic relationship and functions are objective approaches to evaluate environmental and anthropogenic influences on coastal fishes. We evaluated temporal (1993-1995 and 2012-2015) changes in the taxonomic and functional indices in three zones of a tropical bay heavily impacted over the recent decades. We tested the hypothesis that both indices decrease over time as result of the environmental degradation. A decrease in the taxonomic richness and abundance was observed mainly of the inner zone. The functional structure remained relatively stable, but the functional originality decreased significantly between the two periods. This functional loss is of particular concern because the loss of species with unique treats may generate a series of ecosystem damage. This information tells us that the use of functional indices is essential to complement taxonomic assessments and to detect a more detailed understanding of the real dimension of biodiversity loss in impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela de Sousa Gomes-Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva de Aguiar
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Costa de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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de Oliveira DT, da Costa AAF, Costa FF, da Rocha Filho GN, do Nascimento LAS. Advances in the Biotechnological Potential of Brazilian Marine Microalgae and Cyanobacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122908. [PMID: 32599827 PMCID: PMC7356545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due the worldwide need to improve care for the environment and people, there is a great demand for the development of new renewable, sustainable, and less polluting technologies for food, health, and environmental industries. The marine environment is one of the main areas investigated in the search for alternatives to the raw materials currently used. Thereby, cyanobacteria and marine microalgae are microorganisms that are capable of producing a diverse range of metabolites useful for their cellular maintenance, but that also represent a great biotechnological potential. Due its great potential, they have an enormous appeal in the scientific research where, the biological activity of metabolites produced by these microorganisms, such as the antioxidant action of sterols are, some examples of biotechnological applications investigated around the world. Thereby, Brazil due to its extensive biodiversity, has high potential as a raw material supplier of marine waters, researching cyanobacteria and microalgae metabolites and their applications. Thus, this rapid review intends to present some important contributions and advances from Brazilian researchers, using the biomass of Brazilian cyanobacteria and marine microalgae, in order to illustrate the value of what has already been discovered and the enormous potential of what remains unexplored so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Terra de Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.T.d.O.); (L.A.S.d.N.); Tel.: +55-919-8171-4947
| | - Ana Alice Farias da Costa
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Fernandes Costa
- Campus of Salinópolis, Universidade Federal do Pará, Salinópolis, Pará, CEP 68721-000, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Narciso da Rocha Filho
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luís Adriano Santos do Nascimento
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.T.d.O.); (L.A.S.d.N.); Tel.: +55-919-8171-4947
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Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050298. [PMID: 32380720 PMCID: PMC7290910 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Steinsfjorden, an important Norwegian location for noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), is often affected by cyanobacterial blooms caused by microcystin (MC)-producing Planktothrix spp. The impact of MCs on noble crayfish as a food source and crayfish health is largely unknown. We investigated the quantities and correlations of MCs in noble crayfish and lake water during and after a cyanobacterial bloom peaking in June–July 2015. Noble crayfish and water samples were collected monthly from June to October 2015 and in October 2016. The content of MCs was analysed by ELISA from tail muscle, intestine, stomach and hepatopancreas. PCR analysis for Planktothrix gene markers was performed on crayfish stomach content. Water samples were analysed for phytoplankton composition, biomass and MCs. PCR-positive stomach contents indicated Planktothrix to be part of the noble crayfish diet. Concentrations of MCs were highest in the hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine, peaking in August–September. Tail muscle contained low concentrations of MCs. Similar levels of MCs were found in crayfish from 2016. Except in September 2015, a normal portion of boiled noble crayfish tails was below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for MCs for humans. Removing the intestine more than halved the content of MCs and seems a reasonable precautionary measure for noble crayfish consumers.
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Krishnan A, Koski G, Mou X. Characterization of microcystin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Toxicon 2019; 173:20-26. [PMID: 31734250 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a class of hepatotoxins that are commonly produced by freshwater cyanobacteria. MCs harm liver cells through inhibiting protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) and can produce dualistic effects, i.e., cell death and uncontrolled cellular proliferation. The induction of programmed cell death, i.e., apoptosis, in MC treated hepatic cells has been described previously; however, its exact pathway remains unclear. To address this, HepG2 human hepatoma cells were exposed to MC-LR, the most prevalent isomer of MCs, and morphological and physiological responses were examined. Microscopy and Alamar Blue assay showed that HepG2 cells responded to MC-LR treatment with apoptosis characteristics, such as clumping and shrinking of cells and detachment from the monolayer culture surface. A fluorescent caspase activation assay further revealed activation of all tested apoptosis-dependent caspases (i.e., caspase-3/7, 8 and 9) after 24 h of MC-LR treatment. Furthermore, caspase-8 was found being activated 4 h after MC-LR treatment, earlier than observed activation of caspase-9 (8 h after MC-LR treatment). These data demonstrated that MC-LR can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and that the extrinsic pathway may be activated before the intrinsic pathway. This indicates that extrinsic pathway is more sensitive than intrinsic pathway in MC induced apoptosis. This knowledge contributes to a better understanding of MC hepatotoxicity and can be further used for developing treatments for MC exposed hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Krishnan
- Biological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Gary Koski
- Biological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Xiaozhen Mou
- Biological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States.
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Liu W, Zhan C, Zhang T, Zhang X. Microcystin-LR influences the in vitro oocyte maturation of zebrafish by activating the MAPK pathway. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 215:105261. [PMID: 31419757 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria and their production of microcystins (MCs) exert significant toxicity on reproduction of fish, especially the process of oogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that MCs have negative impacts on the quantity and quality of mature oocytes in female zebrafish. However, the underlying mechanisms of MCs disrupting oocyte maturation (OM) have been rarely reported. In the present study, in vitro oocytes (immature) were separated from zebrafish and treated with 1, 10, 100 μg/L MC-LR. The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity was downregulated significantly in oocytes exposed to 10 and 100 μg/L MC-LR for both 2 and 4 h. The phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were detected without noticeable change in all oocytes treated with MC-LR for 2 h, whereas the activated levels of MAPK subtypes (ERK, p38 and JNK) increased remarkably in the 100 μg/L MC-LR treatment of 4 h. In the oocytes exposed to 100 μg/L MC-LR for 4 h, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rates changed abnormally and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity increased significantly, in accordance with the upregulation of Cyclin B protein levels. Moreover, the MAPK inhibitors (10 μM) were applied to explore the role of MAPK subtypes during MC-LR influencing OM and results showed that ERK inhibitor U0126 and p38 inhibitor SB203580 mitigated the effects of 100 μg/L MC-LR-induced MAPK hyper-phosphorylation and elevated GVBD in the oocytes. In conclusion, the present study indicates that microcystins disrupt the meiotic maturation by the pathway of MC-PP2A-MAPK-OM due to the phosphorylation disorder in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunhua Zhan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tongzhou Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Stable-isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of microcystin conjugates with cysteine and glutathione in biotic matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5267-5275. [PMID: 31129692 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins are cyclic peptide toxins with hepatotoxic and tumor-promoting properties, which are produced in significant quantities (up to tens of μg/L) in freshwater cyanobacterial water blooms. Several studies reported microcystin accumulation in fish with possible food transfer to humans. These compounds are further metabolized to cysteine and glutathione conjugates which can be present in tissues in significant concentrations. In this study, we focused on the development and evaluation of robust and highly sensitive SPE-LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of microcystin conjugates in fish tissue samples. For the first time, we demonstrate the use of isotopically labeled internal standards which are essential for accurate and precise determination of analytes in complex biotic matrices. LLOQs of respective microcystin conjugates (signal-to-noise ratio; S/N > 10, peak-to-peak method) ranged from 3.3 to 5.0 ng/g of tissue fresh weight (FW). The calibration was linear within a range of concentrations from 1 to 70 ng/mL for all analyzed conjugates. The precision and repeatability of the method were very good with recoveries in the range of 88.5-107.6% and relative standard deviations between 8.8 and 13.2% for all analytes. In the follow-up study, fully validated method was used for the determination of microcystin conjugate levels in common carp exposed to microcystin-containing cyanobacterial biomass under controlled conditions. Significant amounts of microcystin conjugates (up to 55 ng/g) were found in the tissues of fish after 7 weeks of exposure. Our method was shown to be robust, sensitive, selective, and suitable for the determination of trace levels of microcystin conjugates in fish tissues.
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Díez-Quijada L, Prieto AI, Guzmán-Guillén R, Jos A, Cameán AM. Occurrence and toxicity of microcystin congeners other than MC-LR and MC-RR: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 125:106-132. [PMID: 30597222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins is being increasingly reported. This is a reason for concern as they can induce toxic effects both in humans and in the environment. Among them, microcystins (MCs) are the best described and most diverse group of cyanobacterial toxins, and MC-LR and MC-RR are the congeners most widely investigated. However, the number of MC variants has also increased in recent years. Some of these minority variants have been shown to have a different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic profile, but research focused on them is still limited. Moreover, in some water bodies these minority variants can be the predominant toxins. Nonetheless, MC-LR is the only one used for risk evaluation purposes at present. In order to contribute to more realistic risk assessments in the future, the aim of this review was to compile the available information in the scientific literature regarding the occurrence and concentration of minority MCs in water and food samples, and their toxic effects. The data retrieved demonstrate the congener-specific toxicity of MCs, as well as many data gaps in relation to analytical or mechanistic aspects, among others. Therefore, further research is needed to improve the toxicological characterization of these toxins and the exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Díez-Quijada
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Remedios Guzmán-Guillén
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Tokodi N, Drobac D, Meriluoto J, Lujić J, Marinović Z, Važić T, Nybom S, Simeunović J, Dulić T, Lazić G, Petrović T, Vuković-Gačić B, Sunjog K, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Subakov-Simić G, Miljanović B, Codd GA, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacterial effects in Lake Ludoš, Serbia - Is preservation of a degraded aquatic ecosystem justified? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1047-1062. [PMID: 29710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are present in many aquatic ecosystems in Serbia. Lake Ludoš, a wetland area of international significance and an important habitat for waterbirds, has become the subject of intense research interest because of practically continuous blooming of cyanobacteria. Analyses of water samples indicated a deterioration of ecological condition and water quality, and the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria (the most abundant Limnothrix redekei, Pseudanabaena limnetica, Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis spp.). Furthermore, microcystins were detected in plants and animals from the lake: in macrophyte rhizomes (Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia and Nymphaea elegans), and in the muscle, intestines, kidneys, gonads and gills of fish (Carassius gibelio). Moreover, histopathological deleterious effects (liver, kidney, gills and intestines) and DNA damage (liver and gills) were observed in fish. A potential treatment for the reduction of cyanobacterial populations employing hydrogen peroxide was tested during this study. The treatment was not effective in laboratory tests although further in-lake trials are needed to make final conclusions about the applicability of the method. Based on our observations of the cyanobacterial populations and cyanotoxins in the water, as well as other aquatic organisms and, a survey of historical data on Lake Ludoš, it can be concluded that the lake is continuously in a poor ecological state. Conservation of the lake in order to protect the waterbirds (without urgent control of eutrophication) actually endangers them and the rest of the biota in this wetland habitat, and possibly other ecosystems. Thus, urgent measures for restoration are required, so that the preservation of this Ramsar site would be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Tokodi
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Damjana Drobac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Tamara Važić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Nybom
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Subakov-Simić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Miljanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Zhihua L, Panton S, Marshall L, Fernandes A, Rose M, Smith F, Holmes M. Spatial analysis of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in fish collected from UK and proximate marine waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:727-734. [PMID: 29289018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Some commonly consumed marine fish species are considered to display a higher risk of bio-accumulating organic environmental contaminants such as PBDEs. As part of a study to investigate the spatial distribution of these contaminants, data on polybrominated diphenlyethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) were collected and analysed by introducing a web-based resource which enables efficient spatial, species and concentration level representations. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analyses permits correlations within the data to be predicted. The data provide current information on levels of PBDE and PBB occurrence, allowing identification of locations that show higher contaminant levels. 135 fish samples of various species were analysed from UK marine waters, but encompassing the waters around Norway in the North and to the Algarve in the South. PBDEs were observed in all samples with the majority of measured congeners being detected. The concentrations ranged from 0.087 μg/kg to 8.907 μg/kg whole weight (ww) for the sum of all measured PBDE congeners. PBBs occurred less frequently showing a corresponding range of <0.02 μg/kg to 0.97 μg/kg ww for the sum of seven PBB congeners. Concentrations vary depending on species and locations where landed, e.g. PBBs occurred more frequently and at higher levels in grey mullet from French waters. The high frequency of PBDE occurrence makes it prudent to continue the monitoring of these commonly consumed marine fish species. The web-based resource provides a flexible and efficient tool for assessors and policy-makers to monitor and evaluate levels within caught fish species improving evidenced-based decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhihua
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S Panton
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Lisa Marshall
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Fernandes
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - M Rose
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - F Smith
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Mel Holmes
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Hu X, Zhang R, Ye J, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wu C. Monitoring and research of microcystins and environmental factors in a typical artificial freshwater aquaculture pond. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5921-5933. [PMID: 29235032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater aquaculture ponds are important artificially regulated aquatic ecosystems which provide a large number of freshwater fish products in China. The cyanobacteria bloom and microcystin (MC) pollution caused by anthropogenic eutrophication have attracted much attention due to their toxic effects. To provide an insight into the cyanobacterial problem in the ponds, the environmental parameters and MCs of a typical artificial pond in the Yangtze River Delta region of China were monitored and studied from May to December 2015. During the monitoring period, the ponds were in serious eutrophication with total phosphorus (TP) concentrations between 0.95 and 1.80 μg/L, and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations between 1.1 and 4.86 μg/L. High feed coefficient and high fish stock were the main reasons for the eutrophication. The results showed that the water temperature was the key factor that affected the cyanobacteria blooming in the pond. The chlorophyll a concentration was significantly positively correlated with the cyanobacteria density during the blooming season. MC-LR and MC-RR existed simultaneously and showed a significant positive correlation. The peak concentrations of dissolved MC-LR and MC-RR in the pond water were 40.6 and 4.7 μg/L, respectively, which is considered highly toxic. Free MC-LR and MC-RR were also found in the aquaculture products. MC-LR concentrations in the bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) liver and shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) muscle were up to 2.64 and 4.17 μg/kg, respectively. MC-RR concentration was up to 1.89 μg/kg in the black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) liver. The results implied the potential health risks for citizens and pets caused by current artificial freshwater aquaculture pond systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Hu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
| | - Rongfei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Jinyun Ye
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
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Hu M, Qu X, Pan L, Fu C, Jia P, Liu Q, Wang Y. Effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa on the silver carp Hypophthalmichtys molitrix revealed by hepatic RNA-seq and miRNA-seq. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10456. [PMID: 28874710 PMCID: PMC5585339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing was applied to analyze the effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa on the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Silver carps were exposed to two cyanobacteria species (toxic and non-toxic) for RNA-seq and miRNA-seq analysis. RNA-seq revealed that the liver tissue contained 105,379 unigenes. Of these genes, 143 were significantly differentiated, 82 were markedly up-regulated, and 61 were remarkably down-regulated. GO term enrichment analysis indicated that 35 of the 154 enriched GO terms were significantly enriched. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that 17 of the 118 enriched KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. A considerable number of disease/immune-associated GO terms and significantly enriched KEGG pathways were also observed. The sequence length determined by miRNA-seq was mainly distributed in 20-23 bp and composed of 882,620 unique small RNAs, and 53% of these RNAs were annotated to miRNAs. As confirmed, 272 known miRNAs were differentially expressed, 453 novel miRNAs were predicted, 112 miRNAs were well matched with 7,623 target genes, and 203 novel miRNAs were matched with 15,453 target genes. qPCR also indicated that Steap4, Cyp7a1, CABZ01088134.1, and PPP1R3G were significantly differentially expressed and might play major roles in the toxic, detoxifying, and antitoxic mechanisms of microcystin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghong Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion (CREEFN) of the Ministry Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture Ministry, Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiancheng Qu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion (CREEFN) of the Ministry Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture Ministry, Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Pan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chunxue Fu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peixuan Jia
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qigen Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion (CREEFN) of the Ministry Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture Ministry, Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Levizou E, Statiris G, Papadimitriou T, Laspidou CS, Kormas KA. Lettuce facing microcystins-rich irrigation water at different developmental stages: Effects on plant performance and microcystins bioaccumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:193-200. [PMID: 28550806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the microcystins (MCs)-rich irrigation water effect on lettuce of different developmental stages, i.e. during a two months period, covering the whole period from seed germination to harvest at marketable size of the plant. We followed four lettuce plant groups receiving MCs-rich water (1.81μgl-1 of dissolved MCs), originating from the Karla Reservoir, central Greece: 1) from seeds, 2) the cotyledon, 3) two true leaves and 4) four true leaves stages, all of which were compared to control plants that received tap water. Lettuce growth, photosynthetic performance, biochemical and mineral characteristics, as well as MCs accumulation in leaves, roots and soil were measured. The overall performance of lettuce at various developmental stages pointed to increased tolerance since growth showed minor alterations and non-enzymatic antioxidants remained unaffected. Plants receiving MCs-rich water from the seed stage exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity, chlorophylls and leaf nitrogen content. Nevertheless, considerable MCs accumulation in various plant tissues occurred. The earlier in their development lettuce plants started receiving MCs-rich water, the more MCs they accumulated: roots and leaves of plants exposed to MCs-rich water from seeds and cotyledons stage exhibited doubled MCs concentrations compared to respective tissues of the 4 Leaves group. Furthermore, roots accumulated significantly higher MCs amounts than leaves of the same plant group. Concerning human health risk, the Estimated Daily Intake values (EDI) of Seed and Cotyledon groups leaves exceeded Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) by a factor of 6, while 2 Leaves and 4 Leaves groups exceeded TDI by a factor of 4.4 and 2.4 respectively. Our results indicate that irrigation of lettuce with MCs-rich water may constitute a serious public health risk, especially when contaminated water is received from the very early developmental stages (seed and cotyledon). Finally, results obtained for the tolerant lettuce indicate that MCs bioaccumulation in edible tissues is not necessarily coupled with phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Levizou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 384 46 Volos, Greece.
| | - George Statiris
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 384 46 Volos, Greece
| | - Theodoti Papadimitriou
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 383 33 Volos, Greece
| | - Chrysi S Laspidou
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 383 33 Volos, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, 384 46 Volos, Greece
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Haque F, Banayan S, Yee J, Chiang YW. Extraction and applications of cyanotoxins and other cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:164-175. [PMID: 28544902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cyanobacteria in bodies of water has caused cyanobacterial blooms, which have become an increasing cause of concern, largely due to the presence of toxic secondary metabolites (or cyanotoxins). Cyanotoxins are the toxins produced by cyanobacteria that may be harmful to surrounding wildlife. They include hepatotoxins, neurotoxins and dermatotoxins, and are classified based on the organs they affect. There are also non-toxic secondary metabolites that include chelators and UV-absorbing compounds. This paper summarizes the optimal techniques for secondary metabolite extraction and the possible useful products that can be obtained from cyanobacteria, with additional focus given to products derived from secondary metabolites. It becomes evident that the potential for their use as biocides, chelators, biofuels, biofertilizers, pharmaceuticals, food and feed, and cosmetics has not yet been comprehensively studied or extensively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Haque
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sara Banayan
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Josephine Yee
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yi Wai Chiang
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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40
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Yang K, Chen Q, Zhang D, Zhang H, Lei X, Chen Z, Li Y, Hong Y, Ma X, Zheng W, Tian Y, Zheng T, Xu H. The algicidal mechanism of prodigiosin from Hahella sp. KA22 against Microcystis aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7750. [PMID: 28798298 PMCID: PMC5552873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Microcystis aeruginosa blooms have occurred throughout the world, causing huge economic losses and destroying aquatic ecosystems. It is necessary to develop effective and ecofriendly methods to control M. aeruginosa blooms. Here, we report a high algicidal activity of prodigiosin (PG) against M. aeruginosa as well as the algicidal mechanism. PG showed high algicidal activity against M. aeruginosa, with a 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 5.87 μg/mL in 72 h. A combination of methods, including propidium iodide and Annexin V-fluorescein staining assays and light and electron microscopy indicated the existence of two modes of cell death with features similar to those in eukaryotic programmed cell death: necrotic-like and apoptotic-like. Biochemical and physiological analyses showed that PG generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce lipid peroxidation, damage the membrane system and destroy the function of the photosystem. A proteomics analysis revealed that many proteins were differentially expressed in response to PG stress and that most of these proteins were involved in important metabolic processes, which may trigger necrotic-like or apoptotic-like cell death. The present study sheds light on the multiple toxicity mechanisms of PG on M. aeruginosa and its potential for controlling the occurrence of M. aeruginosa blooms in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Qiuliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Zhangran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yaling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Tianling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.
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41
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Jiang Y, Yang Y, Wu Y, Tao J, Cheng B. Microcystin Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Fish at Different Trophic Levels from the Eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:69-74. [PMID: 28213674 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variations of microcystins (MCs) in fishes with different trophic levels were studied monthly in Lake Chaohu in 2014. MCs content in muscle was highest in phytoplanktivorous Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (H. molitrix), followed by omnivorous Carassius auratus (C. auratus), and was lowest in herbivorous Parabramis pekinensis (P. pekinensis) and carnivorous Coilia ectenes (C. ectenes). MCs concentration in liver was highest in C. auratus, followed by H. molitrix, and was lowest in P. pekinensis and C. ectene. The main uptake routes of MCs for C. auratus and H. molitrix were via the diet. The mechanism to counteract MCs had not been well developed in C. ectenes. H. molitrix and C. auratus from the western region as they had higher mean concentrations of MCs than fishes from the eastern region. The estimated daily intakes of MCs in 45.4% of muscle samples were higher than the provisional tolerable daily intake set by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmeng Yang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Tao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Huang X, Wang J, Li C. Effect of pure microcystin-LR on activity and transcript level of immune-related enzymes in the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:702-710. [PMID: 28466205 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) in freshwater and marine waters released by toxin-producing cyanobacteria have negative impacts to the aquatic environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pure microcystin-LR on activity and transcript level of immune-related enzymes in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. After exposed to varying concentrations of pure microcystin-LR (MC-LR) for 30 days, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), peroxidase (POD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and transcript level of cMn-sod, lzm, gpx were investigated in the hepatopancreas of white shrimp (L. vannamei). Immune-related enzyme activities responded differently to MC-LR exposure. SOD, GPx, and POD activity in the hepatopancreas were activated in a concentration-dependent manner while LZM activity was significantly inhibited in the treatment groups. ACP and AKP activity showed an increase, followed by a decrease. The transcript levels of cMn-sod, lzm, and gpx were consistent with changes in their encoding enzyme activity. These results demonstrated that sub-chronical exposure to MC-LR induced the alteration of immune-related enzymes and corresponding genes in the hepatopancreas, which may help explain the presence of detoxification mechanisms in crustaceans and how they were protected from MC-LR stress for a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, East Huguangyan, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Algae Breeding and Application, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Xianghu Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, East Huguangyan, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Algae Breeding and Application, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Jianzhu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-hazards and Eco-environment in Three Gorges Area, Hubei Province, The Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Changling Li
- Department of Aquaculture, Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, East Huguangyan, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Algae Breeding and Application, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
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43
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Greer B, Maul R, Campbell K, Elliott CT. Detection of freshwater cyanotoxins and measurement of masked microcystins in tilapia from Southeast Asian aquaculture farms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4057-4069. [PMID: 28429062 PMCID: PMC5437195 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a rise in freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) globally, as well as increasing aquaculture practices. HABs can produce cyanotoxins, many of which are hepatotoxins. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for nine cyanotoxins across three classes including six microcystins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a. The method was used to analyse free cyanotoxin(s) in muscle (n = 34), liver (n = 17) and egg (n = 9) tissue samples of 34 fish sourced from aquaculture farms in Southeast Asia. Conjugated microcystin was analysed by Lemieux oxidation to ascertain the total amount of microcystin present in muscle. Some tilapia accumulated free microcystin-LR in the muscle tissue at a mean of 15.45 μg/kg dry weight (dw), with total microcystin levels detected at a mean level of 110.1 μg/kg dw, indicating that the amount of conjugated or masked microcystin present in the fish muscle accounted for 85% of the total. Higher levels of cyanotoxin were detected in the livers, with approximately 60% of those tested being positive for microcystin-LR and microcystin-LF, along with cylindrospermopsin. Two fish from one of the aquaculture farms contained cylindrospermopsin in the eggs; the first time this has been reported. The estimated daily intake for free and total microcystins in fish muscle tissue was 2 and 14 times higher, respectively, than the tolerable daily intake value. This survey presents the requirement for further monitoring of cyanotoxins, including masked microcystins, in aquaculture farming in these regions and beyond, along with the implementation of guidelines to safeguard human health. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Greer
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Ronald Maul
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
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First report of neurotoxic effect of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii on the motility of trematode metacercariae. J Helminthol 2017; 92:244-249. [PMID: 28349851 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that can produce cytotoxic (cylindrospermopsin) and neurotoxic cyanotoxins (saxitoxins). In Brazil the strains of C. raciborskii are reported to produce only saxitoxins (STX) and their effect on fish parasites has not been tested to date. The fish Poecilia vivipara Bloch and Schneider is a common host for the trematode Pygidiopsis macrostomum Travassos off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, and this fish-parasite interaction is a model for behavioural and ecotoxicological studies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the motility of metacercariae of P. macrostomum from P. vivipara exposed to 40 mg l-1 and 400 mg l-1 of crude lyophilized extract of the cyanobacterium C. raciborskii (CYRF-01) for 48 h. The fish were separated into groups of ten individuals and, after exposure, five fish from each group were dissected for counting and checking the motility of metacercariae. The other five fish were dissected after 48 h in clean water. The detection and quantification of STX in the solutions of cyanobacteria, and the gills and guts of fish, were performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The crude extract of C. raciborskii caused temporary paralysis in metacercariae of P. macrostomum after exposure of fish to both concentrations, and the motility recovered after the fish were kept for 48 h in clean water. STX was detected in the guts and gills of all fish analysed, suggesting that this toxin is involved in the paralysis of metacercariae. This is the first report on the action of neurotoxins in metacercariae of fish.
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Lee J, Lee S, Jiang X. Cyanobacterial Toxins in Freshwater and Food: Important Sources of Exposure to Humans. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:281-304. [PMID: 28245155 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A recent ecological study demonstrated a significant association between an increased risk of nonalcoholic liver disease mortality and freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. Moreover, previous epidemiology studies highlighted a relationship between cyanotoxins in drinking water with liver cancer and damage and colorectal cancer. These associations identified cyanobacterial blooms as a global public health and environmental problem, affecting freshwater bodies that are important sources for drinking water, agriculture, and aquafarms. Furthermore, as a result of climate change, it is expected that our freshwater environments will become more favorable for producing harmful blooms that produce various cyanotoxins. Food is an important source of cyanotoxin exposure to humans, but it has been less addressed. This paper synthesizes information from the studies that have investigated cyanotoxins in freshwater and food on a global scale. We also review and summarize the health effects and exposure routes of cyanotoxins and candidates for cyanotoxin treatment methods that can be applied to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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Araújo FG, Pinto SM, Neves LM, de Azevedo MCC. Inter-annual changes in fish communities of a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil: What can be inferred from anthropogenic activities? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:102-113. [PMID: 27614564 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We assessed inter-annual changes in fish assemblages of a tropical bay which experienced a heavily industrialized process in the last decades. A highly significant difference in community structure among the bay zones, and a decrease in fish richness and abundance over time were found. Changes in fish richness and abundance between the two first (1987-1988 and 1993-1995) and the two latter time periods (1998-2001 and 2012-2013) were sharpest in the inner bay zone, the most impacted bay area, and in the middle zone, whereas the outer zone remained comparatively stable over time. These changes coincided with increased metal pollution (mainly, Zn and Cd) in the bay and with the enlargement of the Sepetiba Port. Spatial changes in the fish community structure among the bay zones were related to differences in salinity, transparency and depth with this latter variable acting as a buffer stabilizing temporal community changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Samara Macedo Pinto
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mitrano Neves
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Costa de Azevedo
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Umehara A, Takahashi T, Komorita T, Orita R, Choi JW, Takenaka R, Mabuchi R, Park HD, Tsutsumi H. Widespread dispersal and bio-accumulation of toxic microcystins in benthic marine ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:492-500. [PMID: 27756043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacteria produce toxic microcystins (MCs), which travel from freshwater areas into the sea. The MCs produced by cyanobacteria in a freshwater reservoir were discharged frequently into the adjacent Isahaya Bay, remained in the surface sediments, and then accumulated in various macrobenthic animals on the seafloor. The MCs were transported further outside of Isahaya Bay (Ariake Bay), and the median values of the MC contents in the sediments were in the same levels in both bays, while their temporal variations were also similar during the study period. Therefore, the fluctuations of the MC contents in the surface sediments were physically controlled by the timing of the discharge from the reservoir. The MC contents in polychaetes and oysters collected in Isahaya Bay increased markedly during winter. The median values of the carbon-based MC contents in the sediments, primary consumers, and secondary consumers in the bay were 87, 160, and 250 ngMC gC-1, respectively. These results demonstrated bio-accumulation at lower trophic levels in benthic marine ecosystems. An understanding of the processes occurring between sediments and macrobenthic animals is important for clarifying MC dynamics in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Umehara
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
| | - Tohru Takahashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Komorita
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Orita
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Jin-Woo Choi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-Myon, Geoji, 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Risa Takenaka
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Mabuchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ho-Dong Park
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsutsumi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
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Rezaitabar S, Esmaili Sari A, Bahramifar N, Ramezanpour Z. Transfer, tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystin LR in the phytoplanktivorous and carnivorous fish in Anzali wetland, with potential health risks to humans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1130-1138. [PMID: 27697341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine Microcystin LR concentration in the aquatic ecosystem of the Anzali wetland in Iran. Extraction and detection of MC-LR from the water and fish samples was conducted by the SPE and HPLC-UV apparatus. Our results showed that among toxic cyanobacteria, Anabaena was the dominant genera during the study period. The results indicated that MC-LR content in water ranged from 0.18 to 3.02μg/L in dissolved fraction and undetectable level to 1.13μg/L in cellular fraction, in all three seasons. The results of PCA revealed that the environmental parameters including EC, Chl-a, PO43-, pH and temperature were the most effective factors influencing the MC-LR production. Results further showed the mean concentration of MC-LR in muscle and liver of silver carp ranged from 10.12 to 40.98 and from undetectable to 44.34μg/kg w.w, respectively. The mean concentration of MC-LR in northern pike was 15.18 to 35.1μg/kg w.w in muscle and undetectable to 51.91μg/kg w.w in liver samples. Our results suggest that consumption of fish harvested from the Anzali wetland seems to be unsafe for humans, based on obtained estimated daily intake values which were higher than the tolerable daily intake value recommended by WHO. In addition, bioaccumulation factor of MC-LR in edible tissues of fish was estimated based on lipid normalization. The results showed that the BAF of MC-LR in silver carp (1047±185L/kg of lipid) was lower than the northern pike (1272±185L/kg of lipid), although the difference was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rezaitabar
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Esmaili Sari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Nader Bahramifar
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Ramezanpour
- Department of Ecology, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, POB: 41635-3464, Rasht, Iran.
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49
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Eguzozie KU, Mavumengwana V, Nkosi D, Kayitesi E, Nnabuo-Eguzozie EC. Screening of Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxin, Microcystins in Hyperscum Water Samples from an Inland Sub Saharan Drinking Freshwater Reservoir. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:728-736. [PMID: 27647015 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study which probed the occurrence and quantitative variations hepatotoxic microcystin in a Sub Saharan drinking freshwater reservoir was carried out between November 2014 and March 2015. Results reveal the presence of MCYST-YR, MCYST-LR, MCYST-RR, MCYST-LA and MCYST-LF variants either in cells collected directly from bloom or toxic isolates cultured under laboratory conditions. Two minor microcystin congeners (MCYST-(H4)YR) and (D-Asp3, Dha7) MCYST-RR) were identified, but not quantified. Variants dominance were in the order MCYST-LR > MCYST-RR > MCYST-YR > MCYST-LA > MCYST-LF across sampling sites. Maximum and minimum concentrations of quantified MCYSTs congeners were (489.25, 50.95 µg toxin/g DW), (98.92, 9.11 µg toxin/g DW), (140.25, 12.07 µg toxin/g DW), (56.99, 6.20 µg toxin/g DW) and (50.46, 3.65 µg toxin/g DW) for MCYST-LR, MCYST-YR, MCYST-RR, MCYST-LA and MCYST-LF, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed there was a high significant difference between mean microcystin concentrations across sampling sites (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Uchenna Eguzozie
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg "Doornfontein Campus", Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg "Doornfontein Campus", Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg "Doornfontein Campus", Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg "Doornfontein Campus", Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Emmanuella Chioma Nnabuo-Eguzozie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa "Florida Campus", Florida, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa
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Bownik A. Harmful algae: Effects of cyanobacterial cyclic peptides on aquatic invertebrates-a short review. Toxicon 2016; 124:S0041-0101(16)30319-1. [PMID: 27984061 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. Cyclic peptides, microcystins and nodularin commonly detected in water reservoirs of different parts of the world may induce various detrimental effects in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to humans. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the effects of microcystins and nodularin on aquatic invertebrates: zooplankton, decapods and mollusks. Accumulation of microcystins and nodularin in these organisms and possible transfer of the cyanotoxins through the food web and possible threat to humans as consumers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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