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Ali I, Zhang H, Zaidi SAA, Zhou G. Understanding the intricacies of cellular senescence in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102273. [PMID: 38492810 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently the largest cause of mortality and disability globally, surpassing communicable diseases, and atherosclerosis is the main contributor to this epidemic. Aging is intimately linked to atherosclerosis development and progression, however, the mechanism of aging in atherosclerosis is not well known. To emphasize the significant research on the involvement of senescent cells in atherosclerosis, we begin by outlining compelling evidence that indicates various types of senescent cells and SASP factors linked to atherosclerotic phenotypes. We subsequently provide a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Further, we cover that senescence can be identified by both structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. Finally, we discuss that preventing accelerated cellular senescence represents an important therapeutic potential, as permanent changes may occur in advanced atherosclerosis. Together, the review summarizes the relationship between cellular senescence and atherosclerosis, and inspects the molecular knowledge, and potential clinical significance of senescent cells in developing senescent-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ali
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Dean TT, Jelú-Reyes J, Allen AC, Moore TW. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: An Emerging Direction for the Next Generation of Peptide Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1641-1661. [PMID: 38277480 PMCID: PMC10922862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Building on recent advances in peptide science, medicinal chemists have developed a hybrid class of bioconjugates, called peptide-drug conjugates, that demonstrate improved efficacy compared to peptides and small molecules independently. In this Perspective, we discuss how the conjugation of synergistic peptides and small molecules can be used to overcome complex disease states and resistance mechanisms that have eluded contemporary therapies because of their multi-component activity. We highlight how peptide-drug conjugates display a multi-factor therapeutic mechanism similar to that of antibody-drug conjugates but also demonstrate improved therapeutic properties such as less-severe off-target effects and conjugation strategies with greater site-specificity. The many considerations that go into peptide-drug conjugate design and optimization, such as peptide/small-molecule pairing and chemo-selective chemistries, are discussed. We also examine several peptide-drug conjugate series that demonstrate notable activity toward complex disease states such as neurodegenerative disorders and inflammation, as well as viral and bacterial targets with established resistance mechanisms.
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Al B, Bruno M, Röring RJ, Moorlag SJCFM, Suen TK, Klück V, Liu R, Debisarun PA, Gaal O, Bhat J, Kabelitz D, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Placek K. Peripheral T Cell Populations are Differentially Affected in Familial Mediterranean Fever, Chronic Granulomatous Disease, and Gout. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:2033-2048. [PMID: 37714974 PMCID: PMC10661758 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Both innate errors of immunity, such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and the common inflammatory disease gout are characterized by episodes of sterile inflammatory attacks in the absence of an infection. While these disorders encompass distinct pathologies due to differentially affected metabolic pathways and inflammasome activation mechanisms, their common features are the excessive production of interleukin (IL)-1ß and innate immune cell hyperreactivity. On the other hand, the role of T cells and innate-like lymphocytes such as gamma delta (γδ) T cells in these pathologies is ill-defined. In order to widen our understanding of T cell involvement in CGD, FMF and gout pathology, we developed multicolour immunophenotyping panels for flow cytometry to characterize γδ T cells as well as CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in terms of their cytokine production, activation status, memory or naive phenotypes, exhaustion status, homing receptor expression, and cytotoxic activity. Our study is the first deep immunophenotyping analysis of T cell populations in CGD, FMF, and gout patients. We found that CGD affects the frequencies and activation status of T cells, while gout impairs the cytokine production capacity of Vδ2 T cells. FMF was characterized by decreased percentages of regulatory T cells in circulation and attenuated IFN-γ production capacity by Vδ2 T cells. Autoinflammatory syndromes and congenital defects of phagocyte differentially affect T cell compartments. Future studies are warranted to assess whether these phenotypical changes are relevant for disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Al
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tsz Kin Suen
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Priya A Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Orsolya Gaal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jaydeep Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Wang T, Zhang K, You F, Ma R, Yang N, Tian S, An G, Yang L. Preconditioning of radiotherapy enhances efficacy of B7-H3-CAR-T in treating solid tumor models. Life Sci 2023; 331:122024. [PMID: 37574043 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Limited efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in treating solid tumors is largely due to the antigen heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). B7-H3 is over-expressed in most kind of solid tumors, making it a promising target for cancer treatment. This study aims to explore the effect of B7-H3-CAR-T therapy combined with radiotherapy in treating solid tumor models. METHODS Irradiated tumor cell lines were prepared and tested. A humanized B7-H3-CAR-T was constructed, and it was evaluated that B7-H3-CAR-T cytotoxicity against solid tumor models with preconditioning of radiotherapy in vitro and vivo. RESULTS Irradiation was found to increase expression level of B7-H3 in pancreatic cancer (PANC-1), colorectal cancer (HCT-15, SW620), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML-5), epidermoid carcinoma (KB) and glioma (U87-MG) human cell lines significantly. 6Gy irradiation was also found to up-regulate tumor-infiltration molecule like intracellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1 or FAS in HCT-15 cells, supporting a possible synergistic enhancement effect of radiotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that irradiation indeed significantly enhanced the ability of B7-H3-CAR-T to infiltrate and kill tumors. Interestingly in dual-tumor mouse model study, not only tumor cells on irradiation side were eradicated completely, irradiation also enhanced CAR-T tumor-killing ability on non-irradiated side, confirming the abscopal effect of irradiation existed with CAR-T therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that B7-H3-CAR-T therapy combined with radiotherapy may be a promising modality in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Kailu Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fengtao You
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Renyuxue Ma
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Nan Yang
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Shuaiyu Tian
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Gangli An
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China.
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Braun C, Azzano P, Gingras-Lessard F, Roy É, Samaan K, Graham F, Paradis L, Des Roches A, Bégin P. Abatacept to induce remission of peanut allergy during oral immunotherapy (ATARI): protocol for a phase 2a randomized controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1198173. [PMID: 37448803 PMCID: PMC10336224 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1198173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context While oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been shown to promote the remission of mild peanut allergy in young children, there is still an unmet need for a disease-modifying intervention for older patients and those with severe diseases. In mice models, abatacept, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) immunoglobulin fusion protein, has been shown to promote immune tolerance to food when used as an adjuvant to allergen immunotherapy. The goal of this study is to explore the potential efficacy of abatacept in promoting immune tolerance to food allergens during OIT in humans. Methods In this phase 2a proof-of-concept study (NCT04872218), 14 peanut-allergic participants aged from 14 to 55 years will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to abatacept vs. placebo for the first 24 weeks of a peanut OIT treatment (target maintenance dose of 300 mg peanut protein). The primary outcome will be the suppression of the OIT-induced surge in peanut-specific IgE/total IgE at 24 weeks, relative to the baseline. Sustained unresponsiveness will be assessed as a secondary outcome starting at 36 weeks by observing incremental periods of peanut avoidance followed by oral food challenges. Discussion This is the first study assessing the use of abatacept as an adjuvant to allergen immunotherapy in humans. As observed in preclinical studies, the ability of abatacept to modulate the peanut-specific immune response during OIT will serve as a proxy outcome for the development of clinical tolerance, given the small sample size. The study will also test a new patient-oriented approach to sustained tolerance testing in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Pneumology, Allergy, Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Azzano
- Department of Pediatric Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Florence Gingras-Lessard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Paradis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Des Roches
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Bégin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lee SH, Kim Y, Jeon BN, Kim G, Sohn J, Yoon Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim H, Cha H, Lee NE, Yang H, Chung JY, Jeong AR, Kim YY, Kim SG, Seo Y, Park S, Jung HA, Sun JM, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Park H, Yoon KW. Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Improves Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor by Activating CD8 + T Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204378. [PMID: 37097643 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) clinically benefits cancer treatment. However, the ICI responses are only achieved in a subset of patients, and the underlying mechanisms of the limited response remain unclear. 160 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) or anti-programmed death ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1) are analyzed to understand the early determinants of response to ICI. It is observed that high levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in tumors and plasma of patients are associated with prolonged survival. Further reverse translational studies using murine syngeneic tumor models reveal that soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) is a key molecule that increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 via activation of cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) in tumors and plasma is correlated with the level of ICAM-1 and ICI efficacy, suggesting that CXCL13 might be involved in the ICAM-1-mediated anti-tumor pathway. Using sICAM-1 alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 enhances anti-tumor efficacy in anti-PD-1-responsive tumors in murine models. Notably, combinatorial therapy with sICAM-1 and anti-PD-1 converts anti-PD-1-resistant tumors to responsive ones in a preclinical study. These findings provide a new immunotherapeutic strategy for treating cancers using ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Bu-Nam Jeon
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Sohn
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Yang
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Chung
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - A-Reum Jeong
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Yun Yeon Kim
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Kim
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | | | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
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Haydinger CD, Ashander LM, Tan ACR, Smith JR. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1: More than a Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050743. [PMID: 37237555 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions by binding to the β2 integrins macrophage antigen 1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, as well as other ligands. It has important roles in the immune system, including in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, and at the immunological synapse formed between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases from cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and regulation of the ICAM1 gene and the ICAM-1 protein. We discuss the roles of ICAM-1 in the normal immune system and a selection of diseases to highlight the breadth and often double-edged nature of its functions. Finally, we discuss current therapeutics and opportunities for advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Haydinger
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Liam M Ashander
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alwin Chun Rong Tan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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8
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Kolobarić N, Mihalj M, Kozina N, Matić A, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. Tff3-/- Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087315. [PMID: 37108475 PMCID: PMC10138311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A high salt intake causes hemodynamic changes and promotes immune response through cell activation and cytokine production, leading to pro-inflammatory conditions. Transgenic Tff3-/- knock-out mice (TFF3ko) (n = 20) and wild-type mice (WT) (n = 20) were each divided into the (1) low-salt (LS) group and (2) high-salt (HS) group. Ten-week-old animals were fed with standard rodent chow (0.4% NaCl) (LS) or food containing 4% NaCl (HS) for one week (7 days). Inflammatory parameters from the sera were measured by Luminex assay. The integrin expression and rates of T cell subsets of interest from the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were measured using flow cytometry. There was a significant increase in high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) only in the WT mice following the HS diet, while there were no significant changes in the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-6 as a response to treatment in either study groups. The rates of CD4+CD25+ T cells from MLNs decreased, while CD3+γδTCR+ from peripheral blood increased following the HS diet only in TFF3ko. γδTCR expressing T cell rates decreased in WT following the HS diet. The CD49d/VLA-4 expression decreased in the peripheral blood leukocytes in both groups following the HS diet. CD11a/LFA-1 expression significantly increased only in the peripheral blood Ly6C-CD11ahigh monocytes in WT mice following salt loading. In conclusion, salt-loading in knock-out mice caused a lower level of inflammatory response compared with their control WT mice due to gene depletion.
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Grants
- #IP-2014-09-6380/V-ELI Athero, PI I. Drenjančević Croatian Science Foundation
- VIF-2018-MEFOS-09-1509 (The influence of increased NaCl values on endothelial function in model TFF-/- mice and HAEC cell cultures) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- VIF-2019-MEFOS (The effect of increased NaCl values on the mechanisms of vascular reactivity in model of Tff3-/- mice and HAEC cell cultures, PI I. Drenjančević) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- VIF-2020-MEFOS (The effect of increased NaCl values on the mechanisms of vascular reactivity in model of Tff3-/- mice, Sprague-Dawley rats and HAEC cell cultures, PI I. Drenjančević) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kozina
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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9
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Komar AA. Molecular Peptide Grafting as a Tool to Create Novel Protein Therapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:2383. [PMID: 36903628 PMCID: PMC10005171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of peptides (synthetic or corresponding to discrete regions of proteins) has facilitated the understanding of protein structure-activity relationships. Short peptides can also be used as powerful therapeutic agents. However, the functional activity of many short peptides is usually substantially lower than that of their parental proteins. This is (as a rule) due to their diminished structural organization, stability, and solubility often leading to an enhanced propensity for aggregation. Several approaches have emerged to overcome these limitations, which are aimed at imposing structural constraints into the backbone and/or sidechains of the therapeutic peptides (such as molecular stapling, peptide backbone circularization and molecular grafting), therefore enforcing their biologically active conformation and thus improving their solubility, stability, and functional activity. This review provides a short summary of approaches aimed at enhancing the biological activity of short functional peptides with a particular focus on the peptide grafting approach, whereby a functional peptide is inserted into a scaffold molecule. Intra-backbone insertions of short therapeutic peptides into scaffold proteins have been shown to enhance their activity and render them a more stable and biologically active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; ; Tel.: +1-216-687-2516
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Gao N, Wang C, Yu Y, Xie L, Xing Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Cai Y. LFA-1/ ICAM-1 promotes NK cell cytotoxicity associated with the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis in murine model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010848. [PMID: 36206304 PMCID: PMC9581422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is one of the most common causes of posterior uveitis. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of OT have not been well elucidated. Here, we used C57BL/6 (B6) mice to establish OT by peroral infection with 20 cysts of the TgCtWh6 strain, and severe ocular damage was observed by histopathological analysis in the eyes of infected mice. RNA-sequencing results showed that infection with T. gondii increased the expression of the NK-mediated cytotoxicity gene pathway at Day 30 after ocular T. gondii infection. Both NK-cell and CD49a+ NK-cell subsets are increased in ocular tissues, and the expression levels of LFA-1 in NK cells and ICAM-1 in the OT murine model were upregulated upon infection. Furthermore, inhibition of the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1 with lifitegrast, a novel small molecule integrin antagonist, inhibited the protein expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in murine OT and NK cells, improved the pathology of murine OT and influenced the secretion of cytokines in the OT murine model. In conclusion, the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1 plays a role in the early regulation of the CD49a+ NK-cell proportion in an OT murine model. LFA-1/ ICAM-1 may be a key molecule in the pathogenesis of OT, and may provide new insights for potential immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiran Yu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linding Xie
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yien Xing
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (J W); (Y C)
| | - Yihong Cai
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (J W); (Y C)
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11
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Martin TM, Burke SJ, Batdorf HM, Burk DH, Ghosh S, Dupuy SD, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. ICAM-1 Abundance Is Increased in Pancreatic Islets of Hyperglycemic Female NOD Mice and Is Rapidly Upregulated by NF-κB in Pancreatic β-Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:569-581. [PMID: 35851539 PMCID: PMC9845432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified as an autoimmune disease where pancreatic β-cells are specifically targeted by cells of the immune system. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Herein, we identified that the Icam1 gene and ICAM-1 protein were selectively elevated in female NOD mice relative to male mice, fitting with the sexual dimorphism of diabetes onset in this key mouse model of T1D. In addition, ICAM-1 abundance was greater in hyperglycemic female NOD mice than in age-matched normoglycemic female NOD mice. Moreover, we discovered that the Icam1 gene was rapidly upregulated in response to IL-1β in mouse, rat, and human islets and in 832/13 rat insulinoma cells. This early temporal genetic regulation requires key components of the NF-κB pathway and was associated with rapid recruitment of the p65 transcriptional subunit of NF-κB to corresponding κB elements within the Icam1 gene promoter. In addition, RNA polymerase II recruitment to the Icam1 gene promoter in response to IL-1β was consistent with p65 occupancy at κB elements, histone chemical modifications, and increased mRNA abundance. Thus, we conclude that β-cells undergo rapid genetic reprogramming by IL-1β to enhance expression of the Icam1 gene and that elevations in ICAM-1 are associated with hyperglycemia in NOD mice. These findings are highly relevant to, and highlight the importance of, pancreatic β-cell communication with the immune system. Collectively, these observations reveal a portion of the complex molecular events associated with onset and progression of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Martin
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - Heidi M. Batdorf
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - David H. Burk
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Samuel D. Dupuy
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Michael D. Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
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12
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Rahiman N, Mohammadi M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-mediated approaches for restoration of multiple sclerosis. J Control Release 2022; 343:620-644. [PMID: 35176392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complicated immunopathology which necessitates considering multifactorial aspects for its management. Nano-sized pharmaceutical carriers named nanoparticles (NPs) can support impressive management of disease not only in early detection and prognosis level but also in a therapeutic manner. The most prominent initiator of MS is the domination of cellular immunity to humoral immunity and increment of inflammatory cytokines. The administration of several platforms of NPs for MS management holds great promise so far. The efforts for MS management through in vitro and in vivo (experimental animal models) evaluations, pave a new way to a highly efficient therapeutic means and aiding its translation to the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Rahiman N, Zamani P, Badiee A, Arabi L, Alavizadeh SH, Jaafari MR. An insight into the role of liposomal therapeutics in the reversion of Multiple Sclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1795-1813. [PMID: 34747298 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune disease, has complicated immunopathology, which makes its management relevant to various factors. Novel pharmaceutical vehicles, especially liposomes, can support efficacious handling of this disease both in early detection and prognosis and also in a therapeutic manner. The most well-known trigger of MS onset is the predominance of cellular to humoral immunity and enhancement of inflammatory cytokines level. The installation of liposomes as nanoparticles to control this disease holds great promise up to now. AREAS COVERED Various types of liposomes with different properties and purposes have been formulated and targeted immune cells with their surface manipulations. They may be encapsulated with anti-inflammatory, MS-related therapeutics, or immunodominant myelin-specific peptides for attaining a higher therapeutic efficacy of the drugs or tolerance induction. Cationic liposomes are also highly applicable for gene delivery of the anti-inflammatory cytokines or silencing the inflammatory cytokines. Liposomes have also been used as biotools for comprehending MS pathomechanisms or as diagnostic agents. EXPERT OPINION The efforts to manage MS through nanomedicine, especially liposomal therapeutics, pave a new avenue to a high-throughput medication of this autoimmune disease and their translation to the clinic in the future for overcoming the challenges that MS patients confront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Abstract
A paradigm shift has recently occurred in the field of cancer therapeutics. Traditional anticancer agents, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and small-molecule drugs targeting specific signalling pathways, have been joined by cellular immunotherapies based on T cell engineering. The rapid adoption of novel, patient-specific cellular therapies builds on scientific developments in tumour immunology, genetic engineering and cell manufacturing, best illustrated by the curative potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD19-expressing malignancies. However, the clinical benefit observed in many patients may come at a cost. In up to one-third of patients, significant toxicities occur that are directly associated with the induction of powerful immune effector responses. The most frequently observed immune-mediated toxicities are cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. This Review discusses our current understanding of their pathophysiology and clinical features, as well as the development of novel therapeutics for their prevention and/or management. This Review discusses our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies, and how this might be used for the prevention or management of these toxicities.
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15
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Gupta P, Mohanty D. SMMPPI: a machine learning-based approach for prediction of modulators of protein-protein interactions and its application for identification of novel inhibitors for RBD:hACE2 interactions in SARS-CoV-2. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6220172. [PMID: 33839740 PMCID: PMC8083326 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule modulators of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are being pursued as novel anticancer, antiviral and antimicrobial drug candidates. We have utilized a large data set of experimentally validated PPI modulators and developed machine learning classifiers for prediction of new small molecule modulators of PPI. Our analysis reveals that using random forest (RF) classifier, general PPI Modulators independent of PPI family can be predicted with ROC-AUC higher than 0.9, when training and test sets are generated by random split. The performance of the classifier on data sets very different from those used in training has also been estimated by using different state of the art protocols for removing various types of bias in division of data into training and test sets. The family-specific PPIM predictors developed in this work for 11 clinically important PPI families also have prediction accuracies of above 90% in majority of the cases. All these ML-based predictors have been implemented in a freely available software named SMMPPI for prediction of small molecule modulators for clinically relevant PPIs like RBD:hACE2, Bromodomain_Histone, BCL2-Like_BAX/BAK, LEDGF_IN, LFA_ICAM, MDM2-Like_P53, RAS_SOS1, XIAP_Smac, WDR5_MLL1, KEAP1_NRF2 and CD4_gp120. We have identified novel chemical scaffolds as inhibitors for RBD_hACE PPI involved in host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Docking studies for some of the compounds reveal that they can inhibit RBD_hACE2 interaction by high affinity binding to interaction hotspots on RBD. Some of these new scaffolds have also been found in SARS-CoV-2 viral growth inhibitors reported recently; however, it is not known if these molecules inhibit the entry phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debasisa Mohanty
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology research group at NII, New Delhi 110067, India
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16
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Kumar J, Reccia I, Virdis F, Podda M, Sharma AK, Halawa A. Belatacept in renal transplantation in comparison to tacrolimus and molecular understanding of resistance pattern: Meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Transplant 2021; 11:70-86. [PMID: 33816147 PMCID: PMC8009058 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i3.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T-cell costimulation blocking agent belatacept has been identified as a possible substitute for calcineurin inhibitors, however, no consensus has been established against its use over the standard care agent Tacrolimus.
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of belatacept based maintenance immuno-suppressive regimens in comparison to tacrolimus in renal transplantion.
METHODS We did extensive search of all the available literature comparing the role of belatacept to tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients by searching the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Crossref, Scopus, clinical trials registry on October 5, 2020.
RESULTS The literature search identified four randomized controlled trials (n = 173 participants) comparing belatacept with tacrolimus. There was no significant difference in estimated renal function at 12 mo [mean difference 4.12 mL/min/1.73 m2, confidence interval (CI): -2.18 to 10.42, P = 0.20]. Further, belatacept group was associated with significant increase in biopsy proven acute rejection [relative risk (RR) = 3.27, CI: 0.88 to 12.11, P = 0.08] and worse 12 mo allograft survival (RR = 4.51, CI: 1.23 to 16.58, P = 0.02). However, incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus was lower with belatacept at 12 mo (RR = 0.26, CI: 0.07 to 0.99, P = 0.05).
CONCLUSION The evidence reviewed in this meta-analysis suggested that belatacept-based maintenance immunosuppression regimens were associated with an increased risk allograft loss in renal transplant recipients with equivalent renal functioning against standard tacrolimus; however, observed significantly reduced new onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation incidence and lower serum low density lipid profile levels in belatacept group. In addition, the adaptation of belatacept in renal transplantation has been forestalled by increased rates of rejection and resistance owing to development of various effector memory T cells through, parallel differentiation and immunological plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Kumar
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Reccia
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Virdis
- Department of Emergency General Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Podda
- Department of Surgery, General, Emergency and Robotic Surgical Unit, San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro 08100, Italy
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Transplantation, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Halawa
- Department of Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
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17
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Nizamudeen ZA, Xu ER, Karthik V, Halawa M, Arkill KP, Jackson AM, Bates DO, Emsley J. Structural assessment of SARS-CoV2 accessory protein ORF7a predicts LFA-1 and Mac-1 binding potential. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20203837. [PMID: 33305306 PMCID: PMC7796194 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF7a is an accessory protein common to SARS-CoV1 and the recently discovered SARS-CoV2, which is causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The ORF7a protein has a structural homology with ICAM-1 which binds to the T lymphocyte integrin receptor LFA-1. As COVID-19 has a strong immune component as part of the disease, we sought to determine whether SARS-CoV2 would have a similar structural interaction with LFA-1. Using molecular docking simulations, we found that SARS-CoV2 ORF7a has the key structural determinants required to bind LFA-1 but also the related leukocyte integrin Mac-1, which is also known to be expressed by macrophages. Our study shows that SARS-CoV2 ORF7a protein has a conserved Ig immunoglobulin-like fold containing an integrin binding site that provides a mechanistic hypothesis for SARS-CoV2's interaction with the human immune system. This suggests that experimental investigation of ORF7a-mediated effects on immune cells such as T lymphocytes and macrophages (leukocytes) could help understand the disease further and develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Nizamudeen
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Emma-Ruoqi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Vivin Karthik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
| | - Mohamed Halawa
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Kenton P. Arkill
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Andrew M. Jackson
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David O. Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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18
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Esen E, Sergin I, Jesudason R, Himmels P, Webster JD, Zhang H, Xu M, Piskol R, McNamara E, Gould S, Capietto AH, Delamarre L, Walsh K, Ye W. MAP4K4 negatively regulates CD8 T cell-mediated antitumor and antiviral immunity. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/45/eaay2245. [PMID: 32220977 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During cytotoxic T cell activation, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) engages its ligands on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or target cells to enhance T cell priming or lytic activity. Inhibiting LFA-1 dampens T cell-dependent symptoms in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease. However, the therapeutic potential of augmenting LFA-1 function is less explored. Here, we show that genetic deletion or inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) enhances LFA-1 activation on CD8 T cells and improves their adherence to APCs or LFA-1 ligand. In addition, loss of Map4k4 increases CD8 T cell priming, which culminates in enhanced antigen-dependent activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity, resulting in impaired tumor growth and improved response to viral infection. LFA-1 inhibition reverses these phenotypes. The ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) proteins reportedly regulate T cell-APC conjugation, but the molecular regulator and effector of ERM proteins in T cells have not been defined. In this study, we demonstrate that the ERM proteins serve as mediators between MAP4K4 and LFA-1. Last, systematic analyses of many organs revealed that inducible whole-body deletion of Map4k4 in adult animals is tolerated under homeostatic conditions. Our results uncover MAP4K4 as a potential target to augment antitumor and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Esen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ismail Sergin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajiv Jesudason
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Himmels
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Piskol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin McNamara
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gould
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lélia Delamarre
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Walsh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Weilan Ye
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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Israelov H, Ravid O, Atrakchi D, Rand D, Elhaik S, Bresler Y, Twitto-Greenberg R, Omesi L, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Gosselet F, Schnaider Beeri M, Cooper I. Caspase-1 has a critical role in blood-brain barrier injury and its inhibition contributes to multifaceted repair. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:267. [PMID: 32907600 PMCID: PMC7488082 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation might activate and injure the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a common feature of many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We previously developed an in vitro BBB injury model in which the organophosphate paraoxon (PX) affects the BBB endothelium by attenuating junctional protein expression leading to weakened barrier integrity. The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory cellular response at the BBB to elucidate critical pathways that might lead to effective treatment in CNS pathologies in which the BBB is compromised. We hypothesized that caspase-1, a core component of the inflammasome complex, might have important role in BBB function since accumulating evidence indicates its involvement in brain inflammation and pathophysiology. Methods An in vitro human BBB model was employed to investigate BBB functions related to inflammation, primarily adhesion and transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Caspase-1 pathway was studied by measurements of its activation state and its role in PBMCs adhesion, transmigration, and BBB permeability were investigated using the specific caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765. Expression level of adhesion and junctional molecules and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in vitro and in vivo at the BBB endothelium after exposure to PX. The potential repair effect of blocking caspase-1 and downstream molecules was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and Nanostring technology. Results PX affected the BBB in vitro by elevating the expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 leading to increased adhesion of PBMCs to endothelial monolayer, followed by elevated transendothelial-migration which was ICAM-1 and LFA-1 dependent. Blocking caspase-8 and 9 rescued the viability of the endothelial cells but not the elevated transmigration of PBMCs. Inhibition of caspase-1, on the other hand, robustly restored all of barrier insults tested including PBMCs adhesion and transmigration, permeability, and VE-cadherin protein levels. The in vitro inflammatory response induced by PX and the role of caspase-1 in BBB injury were corroborated in vivo in isolated blood vessels from hippocampi of mice exposed to PX and treated with VX-765. Conclusions These results shed light on the important role of caspase-1 in BBB insult in general and specifically in the inflamed endothelium, and suggest therapeutic potential for various CNS disorders, by targeting caspase-1 in the injured BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Israelov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orly Ravid
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Daniel Rand
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirin Elhaik
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Bresler
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Twitto-Greenberg
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liora Omesi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute for Health and Medical Professions, Department of Sports Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- UR 2465, Blood-brain barrier Laboratory (LBHE), Artois University, F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel. .,The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research - The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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20
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Haram K, Mortensen JH, Myking O, Magann EF, Morrison JC. The Role of Oxidative Stress, Adhesion Molecules and Antioxidants in Preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rev 2020; 15:105-112. [PMID: 30663572 DOI: 10.2174/1573402115666190119163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a consequence of reduction in the antioxidant capacity and excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS). Oxidative agents, which are overproduced due to ischemic-reperfusion injury in the placenta, may overwhelm the normal antioxidant activity. This imbalance is a key feature in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity is associated with the synthesis of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids such as F2-isoprostanes and thromboxane, which are known to be upregulated in preeclampsia. Biochemical markers of lipid peroxidation, such as malondialdehyde and F2-isoprostane in the placenta, are also increased. Adhesion molecules participate in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by contributing to a reduced invasion by the trophoblast and increased vascular endothelial damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and GPX play important roles counteracting oxidative stress. Other antioxidant factors participate in the etiology of preeclampsia. Levels of antioxidants such as Lycopene, Coenzyme 10, as well as some vitamins, are reduced in preeclamptic gestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Haram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Helge Mortensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Myking
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Everett F Magann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - John C Morrison
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, MS, United States
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21
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Interleukin-1 β Enhances Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion Ability on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7267142. [PMID: 31949440 PMCID: PMC6948307 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7267142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to sites of injury via the bloodstream has been demonstrated. However, the underlying mechanisms of umbilical cord MSC adhesion to endothelial cells during transendothelial migration are still unclear. In this study, our data showed that IL-1β induced LFA-1 expression on MSCs and ICAM-1 expression on HUVECs. We then pretreated MSCs with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The results showed that IL-1β induced LFA-1 expression on the surface of MSCs via the protein synthesis pathway. Through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitor SB 203580, we found that IL-1β induces the expression of LFA-1 through p38 MAPK signaling and enhances ICAM-1 expression in HUVECs. In addition, IL-1β-induced MSC adhesion to HUVECs was found to be inhibited by IL-1RA and the LFA-1 inhibitor lovastatin. These results indicate that IL-1β promotes the cell adhesion of MSCs to HUVECs through LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. We address the evidence that the cell adhesion mechanism of IL-1β promotes MSC adhesion to HUVECs. The implications of these findings could enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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22
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Sikder S, Rush CM, Govan BL, Alim MA, Ketheesan N. Anti-streptococcal antibody and T-cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells initiate the development of rheumatic carditis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:263-271. [PMID: 31617241 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0919-096rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of group A streptococcal and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis M-protein specific Abs and T-cells in endothelial cell activation was investigated using cultured rat aortic endothelial cells, and in a rat model of autoimmune valvulitis. Heat inactivated serum and mononuclear cells from streptococcal M-protein immunized rats independently induced upregulation of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in cultured cells. We also observed T-cell migration across endothelial cell monolayers incubated with serum from M-protein-immunized rats. Furthermore, we observed VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in the myocardium of rats injected with M-protein compared to control animals. These observations support the contention that initial interactions between streptococcal M-protein specific Abs and/or T-cells with the heart endothelium lead to endothelial cell activation followed by transmigration of M-protein specific T-cells into heart tissue leading to an inflammatory process that leads to carditis in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchandan Sikder
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Current affiliation: Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,Current affiliation: School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Catherine M Rush
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Brenda L Govan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Md A Alim
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Current affiliation: Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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23
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Chatterjee D, Kaur G, Muradia S, Singh B, Agrewala JN. ImmtorLig_DB: repertoire of virtually screened small molecules against immune receptors to bolster host immunity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3092. [PMID: 30816123 PMCID: PMC6395627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Host directed therapies to boost immunity against infection are gaining considerable impetus following the observation that use of antibiotics has become a continuous source for the emergence of drug resistant strains of pathogens. Receptors expressed by the cells of immune system play a cardinal role in initiating sequence of events necessary to ameliorate many morbid conditions. Although, ligands for the immune receptors are available; but their use is limited due to complex structure, synthesis and cost-effectiveness. Virtual screening (VS) is an integral part of chemoinformatics and computer-aided drug design (CADD) and aims to streamline the process of drug discovery. ImmtorLig_DB is a repertoire of 5000 novel small molecules, screened from ZINC database and ranked using structure based virtual screening (SBVS) against 25 immune receptors which play a pivotal role in defending and initiating the activation of immune system. Consequently, in the current study, small molecules were screened by docking on the essential domains present on the receptors expressed by cells of immune system. The screened molecules exhibited efficacious binding to immune receptors, and indicated a possibility of discovering novel small molecules. Other features of ImmtorLig_DB include information about availability, clustering analysis, and estimation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of the screened small molecules. Structural comparisons indicate that predicted small molecules may be considered novel. Further, this repertoire is available via a searchable graphical user interface (GUI) through http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/bvs/immtor/ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurkirat Kaur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Shilpa Muradia
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Balvinder Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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24
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Lee HJ, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Antibody-Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Chembiochem 2019; 20:422-436. [PMID: 30240550 PMCID: PMC6377337 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
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25
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111In-DANBIRT In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:6508724. [PMID: 30538613 PMCID: PMC6257909 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6508724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related morbidity and mortality remain a global concern. Atherosclerotic disease follows a slow and silent progression, and the transition from early-stage lesions to vulnerable plaques remains difficult to diagnose. Inflammation is a key component of the development of atherosclerotic plaque and consequent life-threatening complications. This study assessed 111In-DANBIRT as an in vivo, noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting an inflammatory marker, Lymphocyte Function Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1), in atherosclerotic plaques. Methods. Selective binding of 111In-DANBIRT was assessed using Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to filtered air and ozone (1 ppm) by inhalation for 4 hours to induce a circulating leukocytosis and neutrophilia in peripheral blood. After 24 hours, whole blood was collected and incubated with radiolabeled DANBIRT (68Ga-DANBIRT and 111In-DANBIRT). Isolated cell component smeared slides using cytospin technique were stained with Wright-Giemsa stain. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging was performed 3 hours after administration at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks of HFD diet, followed by tissue harvesting for biodistribution, serum lipid analysis, and histology. 3D autoradiography was performed in both groups 24 hours after administration of 111In-DANBIRT. Results. Increased specific uptake of radiolabeled DANBIRT by neutrophils in the ozone-exposed group was evidenced by the acute immune response due to 4-hour ozone exposure. Molecular imaging performed at 3 hours using SPECT/CT imaging evidenced an exponential longitudinal increase in 111In-DANBIRT uptake in atherosclerosis lesions in HFD-fed mice compared to normal-diet-fed mice. Such results were consistent with increased immune response to vascular injury in cardiovascular and also immune tissues, correlated by 24 hours after administration of 3D autoradiography. Histologic analysis confirmed atherosclerotic disease progression with an increased vascular lesion area in HFD-fed mice compared to normal-diet-fed mice. Conclusion. 111In-DANBIRT is a promising molecular imaging probe to assess inflammation in evolving atheroma and atherosclerotic plaque.
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26
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Tai Y, Wang Q, Korner H, Zhang L, Wei W. Molecular Mechanisms of T Cells Activation by Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:642. [PMID: 29997500 PMCID: PMC6028573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between T cell and dendritic cells (DCs) that leads to T cell activation affects the progression of the immune response including autoimmune diseases. Antigen presentation on immune cell surface, formation of an immunological synapse (IS), and specific identification of complex by T cells including two activating signals are necessary steps that lead to T cell activation. The formation of stimulatory IS involves the inclusion of costimulatory molecules, such as ICAM-1/LFA-1 and CD28/B7-1, and so on. Some fusion proteins and monoclonal antibodies targeting costimulatory molecules have been developed and approved to treat autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis. These biological agents, including CTLA-4- and LFA-3-Ig, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, could prevent the successful engagement of DCs by T cell with significant efficacy and safety profile. In this article, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms of T cell activation during the interaction between T cells and DCs, and summarized some biological agents that target costimulatory molecules involved in the regulation of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Korner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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27
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Abstract
This paper reviews naturally occurring cell adhesion inhibitors derived from a plant, microbial and marine origin. Plant-derived inhibitors are classified according to a type of structure. Microbially and marine-derived inhibitors were described according to age. In addition, effects of inhibitors on cell proliferation and that of standards on cell adhesion are listed as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takamatsu
- Division of Natural Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine the proposed role of immune modulation in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RECENT FINDINGS Diabetic kidney disease has not historically been considered an immune-mediated disease; however, increasing evidence is emerging in support of an immune role in its pathophysiology. Both systemic and local renal inflammation have been associated with DKD. Infiltration of immune cells, predominantly macrophages, into the kidney has been reported in a number of both experimental and clinical studies. In addition, increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to disease progression. Consequently, a variety of therapeutic strategies involving modulation of the immune response are currently being investigated in diabetic kidney disease. Although no current therapies for DKD are directly based on immune modulation many of the therapies in clinical use have anti-inflammatory effects along with their primary actions. Macrophages emerge as the most likely beneficial immune cell target and compounds which reduce macrophage infiltration to the kidney have shown potential in both animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala B Hickey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Finian Martin
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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29
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Contribution of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) to control Mycobacterium avium infection. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:527-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Gonzalez-Salinas R, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Gulias-Cañizo R, Sánchez-Vela MA, Ochoa-De La Paz L, Zamora R, Quiroz-Mercado H. Current Anti-Integrin Therapy for Ocular Disease. Semin Ophthalmol 2017; 33:634-642. [DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1388411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cell Biology Department, Advanced Research Center, I.P.N. (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lenin Ochoa-De La Paz
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Biochemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Quiroz-Mercado
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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31
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Hartwell BL, Pickens CJ, Leon M, Berkland C. Multivalent Soluble Antigen Arrays Exhibit High Avidity Binding and Modulation of B Cell Receptor-Mediated Signaling to Drive Efficacy against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1893-1907. [PMID: 28474886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A pressing need exists for antigen-specific immunotherapies (ASIT) that induce selective tolerance in autoimmune disease while avoiding deleterious global immunosuppression. Multivalent soluble antigen arrays (SAgAPLP:LABL), consisting of a hyaluronic acid (HA) linear polymer backbone cografted with multiple copies of autoantigen (PLP) and cell adhesion inhibitor (LABL) peptides, are designed to induce tolerance to a specific multiple sclerosis (MS) autoantigen. Previous studies established that hydrolyzable SAgAPLP:LABL, employing a degradable linker to codeliver PLP and LABL, was therapeutic in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in vivo and exhibited antigen-specific binding with B cells, targeted the B cell receptor (BCR), and dampened BCR-mediated signaling in vitro. Our results pointed to sustained BCR engagement as the SAgAPLP:LABL therapeutic mechanism, so we developed a new version of the SAgA molecule using nonhydrolyzable conjugation chemistry, hypothesizing it would enhance and maintain the molecule's action at the cell surface to improve efficacy. "Click SAgA" (cSAgAPLP:LABL) uses hydrolytically stable covalent conjugation chemistry (Copper-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC)) rather than a hydrolyzable oxime bond to attach PLP and LABL to HA. We explored cSAgAPLP:LABL B cell engagement and modulation of BCR-mediated signaling in vitro through flow cytometry binding and calcium flux signaling assays. Indeed, cSAgAPLP:LABL exhibited higher avidity B cell binding and greater dampening of BCR-mediated signaling than hydrolyzable SAgAPLP:LABL. Furthermore, cSAgAPLP:LABL exhibited significantly enhanced in vivo efficacy compared to hydrolyzable SAgAPLP:LABL, achieving equivalent efficacy at one-quarter of the dose. These results indicate that nonhydrolyzable conjugation increased the avidity of cSAgAPLP:LABL to drive in vivo efficacy through modulated BCR-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Hartwell
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas 1520 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chad J Pickens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Martin Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas 1520 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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32
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Liang Y, Tsoi LC, Xing X, Beamer MA, Swindell WR, Sarkar MK, Berthier CC, Stuart PE, Harms PW, Nair RP, Elder JT, Voorhees JJ, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. A gene network regulated by the transcription factor VGLL3 as a promoter of sex-biased autoimmune diseases. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:152-160. [PMID: 27992404 PMCID: PMC5289297 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect 7.5% of the US population, and they are among the leading causes of death and disability. A notable feature of many autoimmune diseases is their greater prevalence in females than in males, but the underlying mechanisms of this have remained unclear. Through the use of high-resolution global transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated a female-biased molecular signature associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disease and linked this to extensive sex-dependent co-expression networks. This signature was independent of biological age and sex-hormone regulation and was regulated by the transcription factor VGLL3, which also had a strong female-biased expression. On a genome-wide level, VGLL3-regulated genes had a strong association with multiple autoimmune diseases, including lupus, scleroderma and Sjögren's syndrome, and had a prominent transcriptomic overlap with inflammatory processes in cutaneous lupus. These results identified a VGLL3-regulated network as a previously unknown inflammatory pathway that promotes female-biased autoimmunity. They demonstrate the importance of studying immunological processes in females and males separately and suggest new avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria A Beamer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Moral MEG, Siahaan TJ. Conjugates of Cell Adhesion Peptides for Therapeutics and Diagnostics Against Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:3425-3443. [PMID: 29357802 PMCID: PMC5835217 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180118154514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed cell-surface receptors are hallmarks of many disease states and are often used as markers for targeting diseased cells over healthy counterparts. Cell adhesion peptides, which are often derived from interacting regions of these receptor-ligand proteins, mimic surfaces of intact proteins and, thus, have been studied as targeting agents for various payloads to certain cell targets for cancers and autoimmune diseases. Because many cytotoxic agents in the free form are often harmful to healthy cells, the use of cell adhesion peptides in targeting their delivery to diseased cells has been studied to potentially reduce required effective doses and associated harmful side-effects. In this review, multiple cell adhesion peptides from extracellular matrix and ICAM proteins were used to selectively direct drug payloads, signal-inhibitor peptides, and diagnostic molecules, to diseased cells over normal counterparts. RGD constructs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of diagnostic and drug-peptide conjugates against cancer cells. From this precedent, novel conjugates of antigenic and cell adhesion peptides, called Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitors (BPIs), have been designed to selectively regulate immune cells and suppress harmful inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases. Similar peptide conjugations with imaging agents have delivered promising diagnostic methods in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. BPIs have also been shown to generate immune tolerance and suppress autoimmune diseases in animal models of type-1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Collectively, these studies show the potential of cell adhesion peptides in improving the delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents to diseased cells in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E G Moral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Laboratory, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Laboratory, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Pflugfelder SC, Stern M, Zhang S, Shojaei A. LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction as a Therapeutic Target in Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 33:5-12. [PMID: 27906544 PMCID: PMC5240001 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder associated with inflammation of the lacrimal gland and ocular surface. The interaction of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with its cognate ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is known to have important roles in the interaction of a variety of cells involved in immune responses and inflammation, including those prominent in ocular surface inflammation. Lifitegrast, an LFA-1 antagonist that blocks binding of ICAM-1 to LFA-1, has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of signs and symptoms of DED. In this review, we evaluate research findings to explore the potential role of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in the pathophysiology of DED, and the evidence supporting LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction as a rational therapeutic target in DED. The results of our review suggest that LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction may play important roles in the cell-mediated immune response and inflammation associated with DED, including facilitating the homing of dendritic cells to the lymph nodes, interaction of dendritic cells with T cells and subsequent T cell activation/differentiation, migration of activated CD4+ T cells from the lymph nodes to the ocular surface, reactivation of T cells by resident antigen-presenting cells at the ocular surface, and recruitment and retention of LFA-1-expressing T cells in the conjunctival epithelium. Based on the available evidence, inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction represents a rational targeted approach in treating DED. Notably, inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 binding with lifitegrast offers a novel approach to reducing ocular surface inflammation in this condition.
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Hartwell BL, Martinez-Becerra FJ, Chen J, Shinogle H, Sarnowski M, Moore DS, Berkland C. Antigen-Specific Binding of Multivalent Soluble Antigen Arrays Induces Receptor Clustering and Impedes B Cell Receptor Mediated Signaling. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:710-22. [PMID: 26771518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A pressing need exists for autoimmune disease therapies that act in an antigen-specific manner while avoiding global immunosuppression. Multivalent soluble antigen arrays (SAgAPLP:LABL), designed to induce tolerance to a specific multiple sclerosis autoantigen, consist of a flexible hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer backbone cografted with multiple copies of autoantigen peptide (PLP) and cell adhesion inhibitor peptide (LABL). Previous in vivo studies revealed copresentation of both signals on HA was necessary for therapeutic efficacy. To elucidate therapeutic cellular mechanisms, in vitro studies were performed in a model B cell system to evaluate binding and specificity. Compared to HA and HA arrays containing only grafted PLP or LABL, SAgAPLP:LABL displaying both PLP and LABL exhibited greatly enhanced B cell binding. Furthermore, the binding avidity of SAgAPLP:LABL was primarily driven by the PLP antigen, determined via flow cytometry competitive dissociation studies. Fluorescence microscopy showed SAgAPLP:LABL induced mature receptor clustering that was faster than other HA arrays with only one type of grafted peptide. SAgAPLP:LABL molecules also reduced and inhibited IgM-stimulated signaling as discerned by a calcium flux assay. The molecular mechanisms of enhanced antigen-specific binding, mature receptor clustering, and dampened signaling observed in B cells may contribute to SAgAPLP:LABL therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Hartwell
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , 1520 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Francisco J Martinez-Becerra
- Immunology Core Laboratory of the Kansas Vaccine Institute, University of Kansas 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Heather Shinogle
- Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michelle Sarnowski
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - David S Moore
- Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , 1520 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Myerson JW, Brenner JS, Greineder CF, Muzykantov VR. Systems approaches to design of targeted therapeutic delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 7:253-65. [PMID: 25946066 PMCID: PMC4713047 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery aims to improve therapeutic effects and enable mechanisms that are not feasible for untargeted agents (e.g., due to impermeable biological barriers). To achieve targeting, a drug or its carrier should possess properties providing specific accumulation from circulation at the desired site. There are several examples of systems-inspired approaches that have been applied to achieve this goal. First, proteomics analysis of plasma membrane fraction of the vascular endothelium has identified a series of target molecules and their ligands (e.g., antibodies) that deliver conjugated cargoes to well-defined vascular cells and subcellular compartments. Second, selection of ligands binding to cells of interest using phage display libraries in vitro and in vivo has provided peptides and polypeptides that bind to normal and pathologically altered cells. Finally, large-scale high-throughput combinatorial synthesis and selection of lipid- and polymer-based nanocarriers varying their chemical components has yielded a series of carriers accumulating in diverse organs and delivering RNA interference agents to diverse cells. Together, these approaches offer a basis for systems-based design and selection of targets, targeting molecules, and targeting vehicles. Current studies focus on expanding the arsenal of these and alternative targeting strategies, devising drug delivery systems capitalizing on these strategies and evaluation of their benefit/risk ratio in adequate animal models of human diseases. These efforts, combined with better understanding of mechanisms and unintended consequences of these targeted interventions, need to be ultimately translated into industrial development and the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Host ICAMs play a role in cell invasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6049. [PMID: 25586702 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and participate in diverse cellular processes including host-pathogen interactions. ICAM-1 is expressed on various cell types including macrophages, whereas ICAM-4 is restricted to red blood cells. Here we report the identification of an 11-kDa synthetic protein, M5, that binds to human ICAM-1 and ICAM-4, as shown by in vitro interaction studies, surface plasmon resonance and immunolocalization. M5 greatly inhibits the invasion of macrophages and erythrocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition of ICAM-1 expression also results in reduced M. tuberculosis invasion of macrophages. ICAM-4 binds to P. falciparum merozoites, and the addition of recombinant ICAM-4 to parasite cultures blocks invasion of erythrocytes by newly released merozoites. Our results indicate that ICAM-1 and ICAM-4 play roles in host cell invasion by M. tuberculosis and P. falciparum, respectively, either as receptors or as crucial accessory molecules.
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Adaptor regulation of LFA-1 signaling in T lymphocyte migration: Potential druggable targets for immunotherapies? Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3484-99. [PMID: 25251823 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) plays a key role in leukocyte trafficking and in adaptive immune responses through interactions with adhesive ligands, such as ICAM-1. Specific blockade of these interactions has validated LFA-1 as a therapeutic target in many chronic inflammatory diseases, however LFA-1 antagonists have not been clinically successful due to the development of a general immunosuppression, causing fatal side effects. Growing evidence has now established that LFA-1 mediates an array of intracellular signaling pathways by triggering a number of downstream molecules. In this context, a class of multimodular domain-containing proteins capable of recruiting two or more effector molecules, collectively known as "adaptor proteins," has emerged as important mediators in LFA-1 signal transduction. Here, we provide an overview of the adaptor proteins involved in the intracellular signaling cascades by which LFA-1 regulates T-cell motility and immune responses. The complexity of the LFA-1-associated signaling delineated in this review suggests that it may be an important and challenging focus for future research, enabling the identification of "tunable" targets for the development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Chakraborty S, Núñez D, Hu SY, Domingo MP, Pardo J, Karmenyan A, Chiou A. FRET based quantification and screening technology platform for the interactions of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102572. [PMID: 25032811 PMCID: PMC4102529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a pivotal role in cellular adhesion including the extravasation and inflammatory response of leukocytes, and also in the formation of immunological synapse. However, irregular expressions of LFA-1 or ICAM-1 or both may lead to autoimmune diseases, metastasis cancer, etc. Thus, the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases. Here, we developed one simple 'in solution' steady state fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique to obtain the dissociation constant (Kd) of the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1. Moreover, we developed the assay into a screening platform to identify peptides and small molecules that inhibit the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. For the FRET pair, we used Alexa Fluor 488-LFA-1 conjugate as donor and Alexa Fluor 555-human recombinant ICAM-1 (D1-D2-Fc) as acceptor. From our quantitative FRET analysis, the Kd between LFA-1 and D1-D2-Fc was determined to be 17.93±1.34 nM. Both the Kd determination and screening assay were performed in a 96-well plate platform, providing the opportunity to develop it into a high-throughput assay. This is the first reported work which applies FRET based technique to determine Kd as well as classifying inhibitors of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Núñez
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shih-Yang Hu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - María Pilar Domingo
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julian Pardo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón I+D Foundation, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragón, Aragón I+D Foundation, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Artashes Karmenyan
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eva Ma Gálvez
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kapp TG, Rechenmacher F, Sobahi TR, Kessler H. Integrin modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 23:1273-95. [PMID: 24050747 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.818133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors, which enable adhesion, proliferation, and migration of cells by recognizing binding motifs in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. As transmembrane linkers between the cytoskeleton and the ECM, they are able to recruit a huge variety of proteins and to influence signaling pathways bidirectionally, thereby regulating gene expression and cell survival. Hence, integrins play a key role in various physiological as well as pathological processes, which has turned them into an attractive target for pharmaceutical research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest therapeutic developments of drug candidates and recently patented integrin ligands are summarized. EXPERT OPINION Integrins have been proven to be valuable therapeutic targets in the treatment of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, where leukocyte adhesion processes are regulated by them. Furthermore, they play an important role in pathological angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, being a promising target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Kapp
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching , Germany
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Zhao R, Song Z, Dong R, Li H, Shen C, Zheng S. Polymorphism of ITGB2 gene 3'-UTR+145C/A is associated with biliary atresia. Digestion 2014; 88:65-71. [PMID: 23921155 DOI: 10.1159/000352025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating disease of infants, invariably leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and death if untreated. The etiology of BA is unknown, although infectious, immune, and genetic causes have been suggested. This study was designed to investigate whether polymorphism of the ITGB2 (CD18) gene is associated with susceptibility to BA. METHODS The ITGB2 gene promoter and 16 exons were genotyped following amplification and sequencing, with associations assessed using Fischer's exact test in 106 patients diagnosed with BA and 108 unrelated healthy controls. RESULTS We found one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ITGB2 promoter region (-680 C/T) and five SNPs in exons, including: -111 T/C in exon 1, 117 G/A in exon 3, 819 G/A in exon 7, 1101 C/A in exon 10, and 3'-UTR+145C/A in exon 16. There were no significant differences in genotype and allelic frequencies of any of the SNPs between controls and patients with BA in both the promoter and exons 1, 3, 7, and 10. 3'-UTR+145C/A showed a significant increase in the C allele frequency (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.39-3.46, p = 0.0006) and a significant increase in the CC genotype (p = 0.001) in BA patients compared with healthy controls. Using a reporter gene assay, the construct that contained the risk allele (3'-UTR+145 C) showed significantly higher luciferase activity than the nonrisk A allele (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence of a possible role of ITGB2 3'-UTR+145C/A polymorphism in the pathogenesis of BA.
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Hintersteiner M, Kallen J, Schmied M, Graf C, Jung T, Mudd G, Shave S, Gstach H, Auer M. Identification and X-ray co-crystal structure of a small-molecule activator of LFA-1-ICAM-1 binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4322-6. [PMID: 24692345 PMCID: PMC4314669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of protein-protein interactions by small molecules is a concept with few examples reported to date. Herein we describe the identification and X-ray co-crystal structure determination of IBE-667, an ICAM-1 binding enhancer for LFA-1. IBE-667 was designed based on the SAR information obtained from an on-bead screen of tagged one-bead one-compound combinatorial libraries by confocal nanoscanning and bead picking (CONA). Cellular assays demonstrate the activity of IBE-667 in promoting the binding of LFA-1 on activated immune cells to ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Kallen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Campus, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Mario Schmied
- Affiliation when work was performed: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchBrunnerstrasse 59, 1235 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Christine Graf
- Affiliation when work was performed: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchBrunnerstrasse 59, 1235 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Thomas Jung
- Affiliation when work was performed: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchBrunnerstrasse 59, 1235 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Gemma Mudd
- The University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences (CSE) and School of Biomedical Sciences (CMVM)CH Waddington Building, 3.07, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JD (UK)
| | - Steven Shave
- The University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences (CSE) and School of Biomedical Sciences (CMVM)CH Waddington Building, 3.07, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JD (UK)
| | - Hubert Gstach
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical Univ. of ViennaWaehringerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Manfred Auer
- The University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences (CSE) and School of Biomedical Sciences (CMVM)CH Waddington Building, 3.07, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JD (UK)
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Hintersteiner M, Kallen J, Schmied M, Graf C, Jung T, Mudd G, Shave S, Gstach H, Auer M. Identifizierung und Strukturbestimmung eines niedermolekularen Aktivators der LFA-1/ICAM-1-Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kollmann CS, Bai X, Tsai CH, Yang H, Lind KE, Skinner SR, Zhu Z, Israel DI, Cuozzo JW, Morgan BA, Yuki K, Xie C, Springer TA, Shimaoka M, Evindar G. Application of encoded library technology (ELT) to a protein–protein interaction target: Discovery of a potent class of integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2353-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gokhale A, Kanthala S, Latendresse J, Taneja V, Satyanarayanajois S. Immunosuppression by co-stimulatory molecules: inhibition of CD2-CD48/CD58 interaction by peptides from CD2 to suppress progression of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 82:106-18. [PMID: 23530775 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting co-stimulatory molecules to modulate the immune response has been shown to have useful therapeutic effects for autoimmune diseases. Among the co-stimulatory molecules, CD2 and CD58 are very important in the early stages of generation of an immune response. Our goal was to utilize CD2-derived peptides to modulate protein-protein interactions between CD2 and CD58, thereby modulating the immune response. Several peptides were designed based on the structure of the CD58-binding domain of CD2 protein. Among the CD2-derived peptides, peptide 6 from the F and C β-strand region of CD2 protein exhibited inhibition of cell-cell adhesion in the nanomolar concentration range. Peptide 6 was evaluated for its ability to bind to CD58 in Caco-2 cells and to CD48 in T cells from rodents. A molecular model was proposed for binding a peptide to CD58 and CD48 using docking studies. Furthermore, in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the therapeutic ability of the peptide to modulate the immune response in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. In vivo studies indicated that peptide 6 was able to suppress the progression of CIA. Evaluation of the antigenicity of peptides in CIA and transgenic animal models indicated that this peptide is not immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Gokhale
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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Wu SH, Núnez D, Hu SY, Domingo MP, Chen YC, Wei PK, Pardo J, Gálvez EM, Chiou A. The effect of acidic pH on the inhibitory efficacy of peptides against the interaction ICAM-1/LFA-1 studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:159-66. [PMID: 24487103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptides have been developed for therapeutic applications for decades. The therapeutic efficacy often depends not only on the stabilization of the peptides but also on their binding specificity and affinity to the target molecules to interfere with designated molecular interaction. In this study, the binding affinity of human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) chimera and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) derived peptides was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection, and the results were compared with that of the interaction (of ICAM-1) with the LFA-1 whole protein. To mimic diverse pathological situations in vivo where a low pH has been reported, we studied pH regulated binding affinity of ICAM-1/LFA-1 at pH 7.4, 6.5, and 4.0 without and with magnesium ion. We have found that the binding affinity of LFA-1 whole protein and ICAM-1 increases significantly as the environmental pH decreases, regardless of the absence or the presence of magnesium ion. The affinity of different (LFA-1) derived peptides also depends on the pH, although in all cases the peptides retain its ability to inhibit ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction. The biomedical relevance of these data has been confirmed using a cell aggregation assay, suggesting that LFA-1 derived peptides show great potential for peptide drug development with a wide functional window of pH range for potential applications in LFA-1 related tumor therapy and autoimmune disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - David Núnez
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Fac. Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Shih-Yang Hu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - María Pilar Domingo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Julián Pardo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Fac. Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Aragón I+D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza 50004, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), Aragón I+D Foundation (ARAID), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Eva M Gálvez
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.
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Hickey FB, Martin F. Diabetic kidney disease and immune modulation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:602-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of monoclonal antibodies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:83-124. [PMID: 23299465 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-012-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their functional derivatives represents a growing segment of the development pipeline in the pharmaceutical industry. More than 25 mAbs and derivatives have been approved for a variety of therapeutic applications. In addition, around 500 mAbs and derivatives are currently in different stages of development. mAbs are considered to be large molecule therapeutics (in general, they are 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than small chemical molecule therapeutics), but they are not just big chemicals. These compounds demonstrate much more complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour than small molecules. Because of their large size and relatively poor membrane permeability and instability in the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, parenteral administration is the most usual route of administration. The rate and extent of mAb distribution is very slow and depends on extravasation in tissue, distribution within the particular tissue, and degradation. Elimination primarily happens via catabolism to peptides and amino acids. Although not definitive, work has been published to define the human tissues mainly involved in the elimination of mAbs, and it seems that many cells throughout the body are involved. mAbs can be targeted against many soluble or membrane-bound targets, thus these compounds may act by a variety of mechanisms to achieve their pharmacological effect. mAbs targeting soluble antigen generally exhibit linear elimination, whereas those targeting membrane-bound antigen often exhibit non-linear elimination, mainly due to target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD). The high-affinity interaction of mAbs and their derivatives with the pharmacological target can often result in non-linear pharmacokinetics. Because of species differences (particularly due to differences in target affinity and abundance) in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mAbs, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of mAbs has been used routinely to expedite the development of mAbs and their derivatives and has been utilized to help in the selection of appropriate dose regimens. Although modelling approaches have helped to explain variability in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs, there is a clear need for more complex models to improve understanding of pharmacokinetic processes and pharmacodynamic interactions of mAbs with the immune system. There are different approaches applied to physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling of mAbs and important differences between the models developed. Some key additional features that need to be accounted for in PBPK models of mAbs are neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn; an important salvage mechanism for antibodies) binding, TMDD and lymph flow. Several models have been described incorporating some or all of these features and the use of PBPK models are expected to expand over the next few years.
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Núñez D, Domingo MP, Sánchez-Martínez D, Cebolla V, Chiou A, Velázquez-Campoy A, Pardo J, Gálvez EM. Recombinant production of human ICAM-1 chimeras by single step on column refolding and purification. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Goksu Erol AY, Nazli M, Elis Yildiz S. Significance of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions in preeclamptic placentae. Endocrine 2012; 42:125-31. [PMID: 22396143 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most important problems affecting pregnant women, etiologic factors in its development are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression levels of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in preeclamptic and control healthy placentas. Placental tissue samples were obtained after delivery from patients diagnosed with PE, and from normal term pregnants and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression levels of the two adhesion molecules PECAM-1 and ICAM-1. A strong expression of PECAM-1 in endothelial cells lining the vessel walls of placental villi in placentas of control group was found, but the intensity of PECAM-1 expression was highly reduced in placentas of PE group (p = 0.017). Conversely, a strong expression of ICAM-1 was observed in placental villi in PE, significantly higher than that of normal placentas (p = 0.005). The findings of a decrease of PECAM-1 expression and an increase of ICAM-1 expression in preeclamptic placenta suggest the existence of functional roles of these adhesion molecules in the pathophysiology of PE, probably by contributing to the reduced trophoblast invasion and the increased vascular damage, respectively. Inhibiting ICAM-1 (i.e., with ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody) and promoting PECAM-1 expression may be good therapeutic approaches to prevent PE symptoms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azize Yasemin Goksu Erol
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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