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Mansour AH, Rabie MH, El-Said EA, Abo El-Maaty HM. Interactive effects of dietary protein and nano-chitosan on growth performance, immune response, and histological aspects of lymphoid organs in broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:62. [PMID: 38278967 PMCID: PMC10817830 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of partial replacement of dietary soybean meal by three plant protein sources: coconut, rocket seed, and black cumin meals with their combination in the presence or absence of nano-chitosan (NCH) on growth performance and immune response in broiler chickens. Five starter and grower diets were formulated and used from 1 to 42 days of age. The NCH was added to starter and grower diets at 1.0 g/kg. Five-hundred-fifty-day-old Arbor Acres Plus broiler chicks were randomly divided into ten treatments with five equal replications. Final body weight (FBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and blood plasma parameters were investigated. Histological aspects of lymphoid organs (thymus: T, bursa of Fabricius: B, and spleen: S) were characterized. Apart from added NCH, the FBW, BWG, and FCR of broilers fed the diets containing the tested plant proteins were significantly superior to the control ones. However, FI of birds fed the diets containing CM alone or combined with RSM plus BCM was significantly reduced. All experimental broilers displayed high plasma levels of IgG compared with the control group. There were significant increases in plasma concentrations of IgM, IgA, and T4 for groups that fed the diets containing RSM, BCM, and mixture of CM, RSM, and BCM compared with their controls. The T3 levels of broilers fed the tested plant proteins were significantly increased compared with the controls. Aside from plant protein source, broilers fed the NCH-enriched diets achieved significant increases in levels of IgM, TAC, and FSH and activities of CAT and SOD but reduced the MDA level compared with control. The interactions between plant protein source and added nano-chitosan were not interrelated. Furthermore, CM, RSM, and BCM can be used as complementary dietary proteins singly or combined with NCH with no adverse effects on growth performance. Addition of NCH molecules has a positive effect on live body weight and increases feed intake compared with control chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Mansour
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - M H Rabie
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Said
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hayam M Abo El-Maaty
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Zhao T, Cai Y, Jiang Y, He X, Wei Y, Yu Y, Tian X. Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:283. [PMID: 37468460 PMCID: PMC10356842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which the innate immune response controls the antigen-specific response, the adjuvants' action mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated. Adjuvants can be categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems. Immunostimulants are danger signal molecules that lead to the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to promote the production of antigen signals and co-stimulatory signals, which in turn enhance the adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, delivery systems are carrier materials that facilitate antigen presentation by prolonging the bioavailability of the loaded antigens, as well as targeting antigens to lymph nodes or APCs. The adjuvants' action mechanisms are systematically summarized at the beginning of this review. This is followed by an introduction of the mechanisms, properties, and progress of classical vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, since some of the adjuvants under investigation exhibit greater immune activation potency than classical adjuvants, which could compensate for the deficiencies of classical adjuvants, a summary of the adjuvant platforms under investigation is subsequently presented. Notably, we highlight the different action mechanisms and immunological properties of these adjuvant platforms, which will provide a wide range of options for the rational design of different vaccines. On this basis, this review points out the development prospects of vaccine adjuvants and the problems that should be paid attention to in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Wallen M, Aqil F, Spencer W, Gupta RC. Exosomes as an Emerging Plasmid Delivery Vehicle for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1832. [PMID: 37514019 PMCID: PMC10384126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its introduction more than three decades ago, gene therapy has fallen short of its expected potential for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases and continues to lack widespread clinical use. The fundamental limitation in clinical translatability of this therapeutic modality has always been an effective delivery system that circumvents degradation of the therapeutic nucleic acids, ensuring they reach the intended disease target. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) for the purpose of introducing exogenous genes presents an additional challenge due to its size and potential immunogenicity. Current pDNA methods include naked pDNA accompanied by electroporation or ultrasound, liposomes, other nanoparticles, and cell-penetrating peptides, to name a few. While the topic of numerous reviews, each of these methods has its own unique set of limitations, side effects, and efficacy concerns. In this review, we highlight emerging uses of exosomes for the delivery of pDNA for gene therapy. We specifically focus on bovine milk and colostrum-derived exosomes as a nano-delivery "platform". Milk/colostrum represents an abundant, scalable, and cost-effective natural source of exosomes that can be loaded with nucleic acids for targeted delivery to a variety of tissue types in the body. These nanoparticles can be functionalized and loaded with pDNA for the exogenous expression of genes to target a wide variety of disease phenotypes, overcoming many of the limitations of current gene therapy delivery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Ramesh C Gupta
- 3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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4
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Kehagia E, Papakyriakopoulou P, Valsami G. Advances in intranasal vaccine delivery: A promising non-invasive route of immunization. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00529-7. [PMID: 37179163 PMCID: PMC10173027 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of vaccination has been proven particularly significant the last three years, as it is revealed to be the most efficient weapon for the prevention of several infections including SARS-COV-2. Parenteral vaccination is the most applicable method of immunization, for the prevention of systematic and respiratory infections, or central nervous system disorders, involving T and B cells to a whole-body immune response. However, the mucosal vaccines, such as nasal vaccines, can additionally activate the immune cells localized on the mucosal tissue of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This dual stimulation of the immune system, along with their needle-free administration favors the development of novel nasal vaccines to produce long-lasting immunity. In recent years, the nanoparticulate systems have been extensively involved in the formulation of nasal vaccines as polymeric, polysaccharide and lipid ones, as well as in the form of proteosomes, lipopeptides and virosomes. Advanced delivery nanosystems have been designed and evaluated as carriers or adjuvants for nasal vaccination. To this end, several nanoparticulate vaccines are undergone clinical trials as promising candidates for nasal immunization, while nasal vaccines against influenza type A and B and hepatitis B have been approved by health authorities. This comprehensive literature review aims to summarize the critical aspects of these formulations and highlight their potential for the future establishment of nasal vaccination. Both preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies are incorporated, summarized, and critically discussed, as well as the limitations of nasal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kehagia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Greece
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5
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Ait Hamdan Y, El Amerany F, Desbrières J, Aghrinane A, Oudadesse H, Rhazi M. The evolution of the global COVID-19 epidemic in Morocco and understanding the different therapeutic approaches of chitosan in the control of the pandemic. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022; 80:1-27. [PMID: 36466080 PMCID: PMC9685138 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a new viral respiratory disease caused by a virus that belongs to Coronaviridae family, has been identified. It is a very severe flu that negatively affects the functions of the lung and other respiratory organs. COVID-19 virus can be transmitted between people either by touching an infected person or by direct contact with their respiratory droplets. Therefore, the COVID-19 virus has become a global concern due to its rapid spread and severity. Based on the World Health Organization report from 2 March 2020 to 24 October 2022, the total infected cases and deaths in Morocco are around 1,265,389 (3.46%) and 16,280 (0.04%), respectively. Recently, some scientists have found that chitosan, a polymer existed in nature, can inhibit COVID-19 infection and repair damaged tissue. Therefore, understanding chitosan mechanisms in controlling COVID-19, might lead to innovative strategies in the medical field, such as developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, and replacing vaccines, which have negative side effects. This review aims to show the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, specifically in Morocco, its pathophysiology, and its ability to silence the immune system. This review also provides an overview of the treatments and measures applied to protect human beings and how chitosan acts and controls COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ait Hamdan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fatima El Amerany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Jacques Desbrières
- IPREM, University of Pau and Adour Countries (UPPA), Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 PAU Cedex 09, France
| | - Abdessadek Aghrinane
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
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Tang J, Cai L, Xu C, Sun S, Liu Y, Rosenecker J, Guan S. Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020226. [PMID: 35055244 PMCID: PMC8777913 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Chuanfei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Si Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Joseph Rosenecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
| | - Shan Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
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Safarzadeh M, Sadeghi S, Azizi M, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Pouriran R, Haji Molla Hoseini M. Chitin and chitosan as tools to combat COVID-19: A triple approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:235-244. [PMID: 33930442 PMCID: PMC8078037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The progressive and fatal outbreak of the newly emerged coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, necessitates rigorous collaboration of all health care systems and researchers from all around the world to bring such a devastating pandemic under control. As there is so far no officially approved drug or ideal vaccine for this disease, investigations on this infectious disease are actively pursued. Chitin and chitosan have shown promising results against viral infections. In this review, we first delve into the problematic consequences of viral pandemics followed by an introduction on SARS-CoV-2 taxonomical classification. Then, we elaborate on the immunology of COVID-19. Common antiviral therapies and their related limitations are described and finally, the potential applicability of chitin and chitosan to fight this overwhelming viral pandemic is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Azizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Padh H, Yagnik B, Sharma D, Desai P. EpiMix Based Novel Vaccine Candidate for Shigella: Evidence of Prophylactic Immunity in Balb/c Mice. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1095-1110. [PMID: 33551691 PMCID: PMC7846920 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Shigella is one of the leading causes of mortality in children and infants. Availability of vaccine could prevent the Shigella infection and reduce the mortality. Conventional approaches of vaccine development against shigellosis have not resulted in desirable vaccine. As shigellosis may be caused by multiple strains and serotypes, there is a need to develop a multivalent vaccine, capable of providing protection against multiple Shigella strains. To develop broad spectrum vaccine, we had previously derived a pool of conserved epitopes against Shigella by using multiple immunoinformatic tools. In this study, the identified conserved epitopes derived from the Outer Membrane Proteins A and C of Shigella were chemically synthesized, and the EpiMix made up of 5 epitopes coupled to a carrier protein, ovalbumin was developed and validated for its immunogenicity. The intramuscular immunization with EpiMix in Balb/c mice led to increase in EpiMix specific serum IgG, and significant increase in fecal IgA as well as in IL-4, IL-2and IFN-γ levels. Further, the EpiMix immunized mice showed protection when challenged against S. flexneri ATCC 12022 using the intraperitoneal route. Moreover, the analysis of cytokine profile and IFN-γ/IL4 ratio in post Shigella challenge immunized mice suggested the high levels of IFN-γ levels and possible dominance of Th1 response, playing pivotal role in the elimination of Shigella. Collectively, the results demonstrate the immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of the EpiMix in the murine shigellosis model. However, the detailed study and further optimisation of epitopes would substantiate the prospective use of EpiMix as a prophylactic candidate for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Padh
- Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Bhrugu Yagnik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054 India
- BRD School of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Drashya Sharma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054 India
- BRD School of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Priti Desai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054 India
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Institutional Area, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426 India
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9
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Souci L, Jaunet H, Le Diguerher G, Guionnet JM, Béven V, Paboeuf F, Montier T, Dory D. Intranasal inoculations of naked or PLGA-PEI nanovectored DNA vaccine induce systemic and mucosal antibodies in pigs: A feasibility study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:194-201. [PMID: 32619800 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa are the routes of entry of most pathogens into animals' organisms. Reducing the important global burden of mucosal infectious diseases in livestock animals is required in the field of veterinary public health. For veterinary respiratory pathogens, one possible strategy is the development of intranasal (IN) DNA vaccination. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of IN DNA vaccination in pigs, an important species in livestock production industry, and a source of zoonotic diseases. To achieve this goal, we used a DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus (PrV) encoding the immunogenic glycoprotein B (pcDNA3-gB plasmid). When pigs were inoculated with the naked DNA vaccine through the IN route, PrV-specific IgG and IgA type antibodies were detected in porcine sera. Interestingly, mucosal salivary IgA antibodies against PrV were also detected, at similar levels to those measured following intramuscular injection (positive controls). Furthermore, the IN delivery of pcDNA3-gB combined with PLGA-PEI nanoparticles resulted in similar levels of antibodies but was associated with an increase in the duration of detection of mucosal IgA for 2 out of 3 pigs. Our results suggest that there is room to improve the efficacy of IN DNA vaccination in pigs through optimization of IN inoculations, for example by using nanoparticles such as PLGA-PEI. Further studies will be dedicated to optimizing and testing the protective potential of IN DNA vaccination procedures against PrV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Gérald Le Diguerher
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Pig Production and Experimental Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guionnet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Pig Production and Experimental Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Véronique Béven
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Pig Production and Experimental Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Tristan Montier
- SynNanoVect platform - UMR INSERM 1078, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, Ploufragan, France.
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10
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Barclay TG, Day CM, Petrovsky N, Garg S. Review of polysaccharide particle-based functional drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:94-112. [PMID: 31227171 PMCID: PMC6626612 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates the significant role polysaccharide particles play in functional drug delivery. The importance of these systems is due to the wide variety of polysaccharides and their natural source meaning that they can provide biocompatible and biodegradable systems with a range of both biological and chemical functionality valuable for drug delivery. This functionality includes protection and presentation of working therapeutics through avoidance of the reticuloendothelial system, stabilization of biomacromolecules and increasing the bioavailability of incorporated small molecule drugs. Transport of the therapeutic is also key to the utility of polysaccharide particles, moving drugs from the site of administration through mucosal binding and transport and using chemistry, size and receptor mediated drug targeting to specific tissues. This review also scrutinizes the methods of synthesizing and constructing functional polysaccharide particle drug delivery systems that maintain and extend the functionality of the natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Barclay
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Candace Minhthu Day
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 1 Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Oligonucleotide therapy: An emerging focus area for drug delivery in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:206-215. [PMID: 31136735 PMCID: PMC7094617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapies are advanced novel interventions used in the management of various respiratory diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). These agents primarily act by gene silencing or RNA interference. Better methodologies and techniques are the need of the hour that can deliver these agents to tissues and cells in a target specific manner by which their maximum potential can be reached in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Nanoparticles play an important role in the target-specific delivery of drugs. In addition, oligonucleotides also are extensively used for gene transfer in the form of polymeric, liposomal and inorganic carrier materials. Therefore, the current review focuses on various novel dosage forms like nanoparticles, liposomes that can be used efficiently for the delivery of various oligonucleotides such as siRNA and miRNA. We also discuss the future perspectives and targets for oligonucleotides in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Xiang L, Gong L, Zhang J, Zhang L, Hu W, Wang W, Lu Q, Zeng H. Probing molecular interactions of PEGylated chitosan in aqueous solutions using a surface force apparatus. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20571-20581. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of contact time, solution pH and PEGylation degree on the non-covalent interaction behavior of chitosan are systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Lu Gong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Wenjihao Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Wenda Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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13
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Li M, Li J, Zeng R, Yang J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Song X, Yao Z, Ma C, Li W, Wang K, Wei L. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication Is Promoted by Autophagy-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis. J Virol 2018; 92:e02193-17. [PMID: 29386287 PMCID: PMC5874425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02193-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in children worldwide. Virus-host interactions affect the progression and prognosis of the infection. Autophagy plays important roles in virus-host interactions. Respiratory epithelial cells serve as the front line of host defense during RSV infection, However, it is still unclear how they interact with RSV. In this study, we found that RSV induced autophagy that favored RSV replication and exacerbated lung pathology in vivo Mechanistically, RSV induced complete autophagy flux through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-MTOR) signaling pathway in HEp-2 cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the functions of autophagy in RSV replication and found that RSV replication was increased in HEp-2 cells treated with rapamycin but decreased remarkably in cells treated with 3-methylademine (3-MA) or wortmannin. Knockdown key molecules in the autophagy pathway with short hairpinp RNA (shRNA) against autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), or BECN1/Beclin 1 or treatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and AMPK inhibitor (compound C) suppressed RSV replication. 3-MA or shATG5/BECN1 significantly decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis at 48 hours postinfection (hpi). Blocking apoptosis with Z-VAD-FMK partially restored virus replication at 48 hpi. Those results provide strong evidence that autophagy may function as a proviral mechanism in a cell-intrinsic manner during RSV infection.IMPORTANCE An understanding of the mechanisms that respiratory syncytial virus utilizes to interact with respiratory epithelial cells is critical to the development of novel antiviral strategies. In this study, we found that RSV induces autophagy through a ROS-AMPK signaling axis, which in turn promotes viral infection. Autophagy favors RSV replication through blocking cell apoptosis at 48 hpi. Mechanistically, RSV induces mitophagy, which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and therefore decreases cytochrome c release and apoptosis induction. This study provides a novel insight into this virus-host interaction, which may help to exploit new antiviral treatments targeting autophagy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ruihong Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Departments of Internal Medicine & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaotian Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, Shanghai 455 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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14
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Rational design and evaluation of HBsAg polymeric nanoparticles as antigen delivery carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:804-812. [PMID: 29343454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work is focused on the development and evaluation of single dose sustained-release Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded nanovaccine for Hepatitis B. The conventional treatment suffers from repeated administration and hence requires a booster dose. Therefore, polymeric nanovaccine of HBsAg was developed by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, utilizing central composite design for formulation optimization. The effects of independent variables (like polymer amount, stabilizer concentration, aqueous/organic phase ratio and homogenizer speed) were also studied on critical quality attributes like particle size and entrapment efficiency. Nanovaccine was characterized in terms of physicochemical parameters, release, internalization and in vivo immunological evaluation in BALB/c mice after administration by different routes such as oral, sub-cutaneous, nasal and intramuscular. The designed nanovaccine demonstrated nanometric size with smooth surface, negative zeta potential, maximum entrapment, sustained release and better internalization in macrophage and MRC-5 cell line. The immune-stimulating activity of nanovaccine administered by different routes was evaluated by measuring anti-HBsAg titre like specific immunoglobulin IgG and IgA response and cytokine level (interleukin-2, interferon-Y) measurement. The results indicated that the nanovaccine administered by intramuscular route produced better humoral as well as cellular responses and potential carriers for antigen delivery at single dose administration via intramuscular route.
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15
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Chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA reduces CXCR4 expression and sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170122. [PMID: 28446538 PMCID: PMC6434078 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been reported as a poor prognostic biomarker in human breast cancers, and has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target of breast cancer treatment. The present study aims to investigate the delivery efficiency of siRNA by chitosan into breast cancer cells, and then to examine the regulatory role by chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA on CXCR4 expression and on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the siRNA could be capsuled by chitosan into nanoparticles with a diameter of 80-110 nm, and with a zeta potential of 20-50 mV. The chitosan nanoparticle delivered siRNA efficiently into breast cancer MCF-7 cells significantly reduced the expression of CXCR4 in both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the reduced CXCR4 by chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA was associated with increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Reduced growth and increased apoptosis of MCF-7 cells were observed in the CXCR4 siRNA group than in the control siRNA group. Taken together, our results present the treatment potential of chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA targeting CXCR4 in breast cancers.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yanhang Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Hasselmo
Hall, 312 Church Street S. E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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17
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Qiao L, Zhang Y, Chai F, Tan Y, Huo C, Pan Z. Chimeric virus-like particles containing a conserved region of the G protein in combination with a single peptide of the M2 protein confer protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:131-40. [PMID: 27154395 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine composed of the conserved antigenic epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the chimeric RSV VLPs HBcΔ-tG and HBcΔ-tG/M282-90 were generated based on the truncated hepatitis B virus core protein (HBcΔ). HBcΔ-tG consisted of HBcΔ, the conserved region (aa 144-204) of the RSV G protein. HBcΔ-tG was combined with a single peptide (aa 82-90) of the M2 protein to generate HBcΔ-tG/M282-90. Immunization of mice with the HBcΔ-tG or HBcΔ-tG/M282-90 VLPs elicited RSV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody production and conferred protection against RSV infection. Compared with HBcΔ-tG, HBcΔ-tG/M282-90 induced decreased Th2 cytokine production (IL-4 and IL-5), increased Th1 cytokine response (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2), and increased ratios of IgG2a/IgG1 antibodies, thereby relieving pulmonary pathology upon subsequent RSV infection. Our results demonstrated that chimeric HBcΔ-tG/M282-90 VLPs represented an effective RSV subunit vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiluo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunling Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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18
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Sarwar A, Katas H, Samsudin SN, Zin NM. Regioselective Sequential Modification of Chitosan via Azide-Alkyne Click Reaction: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Derivatives and Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123084. [PMID: 25928293 PMCID: PMC4415788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the attention of researchers has been drawn toward the synthesis of chitosan derivatives and their nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial activities. In this study, chitosan derivatives with different azides and alkyne groups were synthesized using click chemistry, and these were further transformed into nanoparticles by using the ionotropic gelation method. A series of chitosan derivatives was successfully synthesized by regioselective modification of chitosan via an azide-alkyne click reaction. The amino moieties of chitosan were protected during derivatization by pthaloylation and subsequently unblocked at the end to restore their functionality. Nanoparticles of synthesized derivatives were fabricated by ionic gelation to form complexes of polyanionic penta-sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and cationic chitosan derivatives. Particle size analysis showed that nanoparticle size ranged from 181.03 ± 12.73 nm to 236.50 ± 14.32 nm and had narrow polydispersity index and positive surface charge. The derivatives and corresponding nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activities against three gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and three fungal strains, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all derivatives ranged from 31.3 to 250 µg/mL for bacteria and 188 to1500 µg/mL for fungi and was lower than that of native chitosan. The nanoparticles with MIC ranging from 1.56 to 25 µg/mLfor bacteria and 94 to 750 µg/mL for fungi exhibited higher activity than the chitosan derivatives. Chitosan O-(1-methylbenzene) triazolyl carbamate and chitosan O-(1-methyl phenyl sulfide) triazolyl carbamate were the most active against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. The hemolytic assay on erythrocytes and cell viability test on two different cell lines (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells V79 and Human hepatic cell line WRL68) demonstrated the safety; suggesting that these derivatives could be used in future medical applications. Chitosan derivatives with triazole functionality, synthesized by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and their nanoparticles showed significant enhancement in antibacterial and antifungal activities in comparison to those associated with native, non-altered chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Sarwar
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Noradila Samsudin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Novel Antibiotic Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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García-Valdez O, Champagne-Hartley R, Saldívar-Guerra E, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Modification of chitosan with polystyrene and poly(n-butyl acrylate) via nitroxide-mediated polymerization and grafting from approach in homogeneous media. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization was used to graft modify solubilized chitosan, allowing the reaction to be performed homogeneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. García-Valdez
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada K7L 3N6
- Polymerization Processes Department
| | | | - E. Saldívar-Guerra
- Polymerization Processes Department
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA) Blvd
- Saltillo
- México
| | - P. Champagne
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada K7L 3N6
- Department of Civil Engineering
| | - M. F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada K7L 3N6
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20
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Rossey I, Sedeyn K, De Baets S, Schepens B, Saelens X. CD8+ T cell immunity against human respiratory syncytial virus. Vaccine 2014; 32:6130-7. [PMID: 25223272 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) was first discovered in the 1950s, but despite decades of research, a licensed vaccine against it is not available. Epidemiological studies indicate that antibodies directed against the fusion protein (F) partially correlate with protection. In addition, an F-specific monoclonal antibody is licensed as a prophylactic treatment in children who are at high risk of developing complications following HRSV infection. Therefore, most HRSV-oriented vaccination strategies focus on inducing a humoral immune response against F. In the quest for the development of a safe HRSV vaccine, the induction of a T cell immune response has received a lot less attention. T cell immunity directed against HRSV has not been associated unequivocally with protection against HRSV and CD4(+) T helper cell responses may even worsen disease due to HRSV. However, many studies support a protective role for CD8(+) T cells in clearance of HRSV from the lungs. In this review we highlight the clinical and experimental evidence in favor of a CD8(+) T lymphocyte-based vaccination strategy to protect against HRSV. First, we describe how T cell responses and T cell memory are induced in the lungs upon respiratory viral infection. HRSV has evolved mechanisms that hamper CD8(+) T cell priming and effector functions. We appraise the information on HRSV-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity gained from laboratory mouse studies, taking into account the advantages and limitations of this animal model and, where possible, the accordance with clinical evidence. Finally, we focus on recent efforts to develop T cell based vaccines against HRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iebe Rossey
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Baets
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent 9052, Belgium.
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21
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Xu Y, Yuen PW, Lam JKW. Intranasal DNA Vaccine for Protection against Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Delivery Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:378-415. [PMID: 25014738 PMCID: PMC4190526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal delivery of DNA vaccines has become a popular research area recently. It offers some distinguished advantages over parenteral and other routes of vaccine administration. Nasal mucosa as site of vaccine administration can stimulate respiratory mucosal immunity by interacting with the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT). Different kinds of DNA vaccines are investigated to provide protection against respiratory infectious diseases including tuberculosis, coronavirus, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) etc. DNA vaccines have several attractive development potential, such as producing cross-protection towards different virus subtypes, enabling the possibility of mass manufacture in a relatively short time and a better safety profile. The biggest obstacle to DNA vaccines is low immunogenicity. One of the approaches to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccine is to improve DNA delivery efficiency. This review provides insight on the development of intranasal DNA vaccine for respiratory infections, with special attention paid to the strategies to improve the delivery of DNA vaccines using non-viral delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pak-Wai Yuen
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jenny Ka-Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Kumar A, Pandey AN, Jain SK. Nasal-nanotechnology: revolution for efficient therapeutics delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:681-93. [PMID: 24901207 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.920431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have gained interest to overcome the problems of restricted absorption of therapeutic agents from the nasal cavity, depending upon the physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological properties of the human nose. OBJECTIVE The well-tolerated and non-invasive nasal drug delivery when combined with the nanotechnology-based novel formulations and carriers, opens the way for the effective systemic and brain targeting delivery of various therapeutic agents. To accomplish competent drug delivery, it is imperative to recognize the interactions among the nanomaterials and the nasal biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling involved in patho-biology of the disease under consideration. METHODS Quite a few systems have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials for intranasal (IN) delivery. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chitosan, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and PLGA-based nanosystems have also been studied in vitro and in vivo for the delivery of several therapeutic agents which shown promising concentrations in the brain after nasal administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of nanomaterials including peptide-based nanotubes and nanogels (NGs) for vaccine delivery via nasal route is a new approach to control the disease progression. In this review, the recent developments in nanotechnology utilized for nasal drug delivery have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrish Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Aditya Nath Pandey
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
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23
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Köping-Höggård M, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 4:185-96. [PMID: 15889992 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is considerable excitement within the nanotechnology field with regard to the potential use of nanosystems as carriers for mucosal vaccine delivery. Indeed, many of the vaccines available, including protein antigens and DNA vaccines, are very unstable and need to be protected from degradation in the biologic environment. In addition, their efficacy is limited by their poor capacity to cross biologic barriers and reach the target sites. As a consequence, the design of appropriate antigen carriers that could help overcome these problems has become a significant challenge. The goal of the present article is to review the recent advances in the design of polymeric nanosystems intended to be used as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. More specifically, the authors present nanocarriers that have been made of safe materials, such as biodegradable polyesters and polysaccharides. The information accumulated regarding the in vivo behavior of these nanocarriers indicates that they are able to facilitate the transport of the associated antigen across the nasal epithelium, thus leading to efficient antigen presentation to the immune system. Furthermore, the results suggest that not only the size and surface properties but also the polymer composition and the structural architecture of the nanosystems are critical for the optimization of these antigen carriers. In conclusion, future studies intended to provide increased knowledge regarding these properties and how they relate to the efficiency of the immune responses, will undoubtedly affect the design of new and more effective nasal vaccine delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Köping-Höggård
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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24
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Abstract
Many vaccine candidates are highly purified, sometimes monomeric antigens and as a result, not very immunogenic. Antigen delivery systems optimize the presentation of antigens. They also play a major role in solving the problem of there being an increasing number of vaccines but limited opportunities in which to include these vaccines in immunization programs. The number of injections is restricted and combining vaccines may lead to immunological and physicochemical incompatibility. In this review, the current status with respect to parenteral and mucosal delivery systems is discussed. These include lipid-based systems such as liposomes and immunostimulating complexes, as well as polymeric microspheres. In addition, developments in needle-free, dermal delivery devices such as jet injectors, microneedles and patches are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Kersten
- Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Unit Research and Development, P.O. Box 457, 3720 BA BILHOVEN, The Netherlands.
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25
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Single low-dose un-adjuvanted HBsAg nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust, durable immunity. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:923-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Coué G, Hermanns I, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ, Engbersen JFJ. Development and in vitro Evaluation of Antigen-Loaded Poly(amidoamine) Nanoparticles for Respiratory Epithelium Applications. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1787-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hagiwara K, Kishimoto S, Ishihara M, Koyama Y, Mazda O, Sato T. In vivo gene transfer using pDNA/chitosan/chondroitin sulfate ternary complexes: influence of chondroitin sulfate on the stability of freeze-dried complexes and transgene expression in vivo. J Gene Med 2013; 15:83-92. [PMID: 23307647 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan has been investigated as a promising nonviral vector. However, several problems still remain, such as a relatively low transfection efficiency and instability under physiological conditions. We previously demonstrated that a chondroitin sulfate (CS) coating enhanced the transfection efficiency and physicochemical stability of plasmid DNA (pDNA)/chitosan complexes in vitro. In the present study, the effects of coating pDNA/chitosan complexes with CS on the stability in freeze-dry rehydration processes and gene expression in vivo were investigated. METHODS Freeze-drying storage at -20 °C, 4 °C, or room temperature, freezing storage at -20 °C, or liquid storage at 4 °C or room temperature, were examined for preservation conditions of pDNA/chitosan/CS ternary complexes by a gel retardation assay, measurements of sizes and zeta potentials, and a luciferase assay. Moreover, to determine the transfection efficiency of the ternary complexes in vivo, suicide gene therapy was carried out in Huh-7-implanted mice using herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase coding pDNA and ganciclovir. RESULTS The freeze-dried pDNA/chitosan/CS ternary complexes showed sufficient cell transfection ability in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ternary complexes were associated with a significant suppression of tumor growth and a histopathologically high anti-tumor effect by intratumoral injection to tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The CS coating enhanced the preservation stability of the pDNA/chitosan complexes after freeze-drying-rehydration and their transgene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hagiwara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Buschmann MD, Merzouki A, Lavertu M, Thibault M, Jean M, Darras V. Chitosans for delivery of nucleic acids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1234-70. [PMID: 23872012 PMCID: PMC7103275 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives to efficient viral vectors in gene therapy are desired because of their poor safety profiles. Chitosan is a promising non-viral nucleotide delivery vector because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity and ease of manufacturing. Since the transfection efficiency of chitosan polyplexes is relatively low compared to viral counterparts, there is an impetus to gain a better understanding of the structure-performance relationship. Recent progress in preparation and characterisation has enabled coupling analysis of chitosans structural parameters that has led to increased TE by tailoring of chitosan's structure. In this review, we summarize the recent advances that have lead to a more rational design of chitosan polyplexes. We present an integrated review of all major areas of chitosan-based transfection, including preparation, chitosan and polyplexes physicochemical characterisation, in vitro and in vivo assessment. In each, we present the obstacles to efficient transfection and the strategies adopted over time to surmount these impediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Buschmann
- Dept. Chemical Engineering and Inst. Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Nanotechnological Approaches for Genetic Immunization. DNA AND RNA NANOBIOTECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES 2013. [PMCID: PMC7121080 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36853-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic immunization is one of the important findings that provide multifaceted immunological response against infectious diseases. With the advent of r-DNA technology, it is possible to construct vector with immunologically active genes against specific pathogens. Nevertheless, site-specific delivery of constructed genetic material is an important contributory factor for eliciting specific cellular and humoral immune response. Nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential for the site-specific delivery of biomolecules. Several polymeric and lipidic nanocarriers have been utilized for the delivery of genetic materials. These systems seem to have better compatibility, low toxicity, economical and capable to delivering biomolecules to intracellular site for the better expression of desired antigens. Further, surface engineering of nanocarriers and targeting approaches have an ability to offer better presentation of antigenic material to immunological cells. This chapter gives an overview of existing and emerging nanotechnological approaches for the delivery of genetic materials.
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Dehghan S, Kheiri MT, Tabatabaiean M, Darzi S, Tafaghodi M. Dry-powder form of chitosan nanospheres containing influenza virus and adjuvants for nasal immunization. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:981-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu Z, Lv D, Liu S, Gong J, Wang D, Xiong M, Chen X, Xiang R, Tan X. Alginic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles loaded with legumain DNA vaccine: effect against breast cancer in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60190. [PMID: 23577091 PMCID: PMC3618226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumain-based DNA vaccines have potential to protect against breast cancer. However, the lack of a safe and efficient oral delivery system restricts its clinical application. Here, we constructed alginic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles (A.C.NPs) as an oral delivery carrier for a legumain DNA vaccine. First, we tested its characteristic in acidic environments in vitro. DNA agarose electrophoresis data show that A.C.NPs protected DNA better from degradation in acidic solution (pH 1.5) than did chitosan nanoparticles (C.NPs). Furthermore, size distribution analysis showed that A.C.NPs tended to aggregate and form micrometer scale complexes in pH<2.7, while dispersing into nanoparticles with an increase in pH. Mice were intragastrically administrated A.C.NPs carrying EGFP plasmids and EGFP expression was detected in the intestinal Peyer’s patches. Full-length legumain plasmids were loaded into different delivery carriers, including C.NPs, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and A.C.NPs. A.C.NPs loaded with empty plasmids served as a control. Oral vaccination was performed in the murine orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model. Our data indicate that tumor volume was significantly smaller in groups using A.C.NPs or attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as carriers. Furthermore, splenocytes co-cultured them with 4T1 cells pre-stimulated with CoCl2, which influenced the translocation of legumain from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, showed a 4.7 and 2.3 folds increase in active cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+/CD8+/CD25+) when treated with A.C.NPs carriers compared with PBS C.NPs. Our study suggests that C.NPs coated with alginic acid may be a safe and efficient tool for oral delivery of a DNA vaccine. Moreover, a legumain DNA vaccine delivered orally with A.C.NPs can effectively improve autoimmune response and protect against breast cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liu
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shu Liu
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency in Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Da Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education in Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Rong Xiang
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Mucosal Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7121168 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4744-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of RNA interference-based drugs is dependent on accumulation at the target site in therapeutically relevant amounts. Local administration to the mucosal surfaces lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts allows access into diseased areas without the necessity to overcome serum nuclease degradation, rapid renal and hepatic clearance and non-specific tissue accumulation associated with systemic delivery. This work describes RNAi therapeutics focused on pulmonary, oral, rectal and intravaginal routes of administration. Mucosal barrier components including site variations and delivery considerations are addressed in order to design an effective mucosal delivery strategy.
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Grant EV, Thomas M, Fortune J, Klibanov AM, Letvin NL. Enhancement of plasmid DNA immunogenicity with linear polyethylenimine. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2937-48. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evita V. Grant
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Mini Thomas
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Alexander M. Klibanov
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Norman L. Letvin
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
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Jabbal-Gill I, Watts P, Smith A. Chitosan-based delivery systems for mucosal vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1051-67. [PMID: 22708875 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.697455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucosal vaccine development faces several challenges and opportunities. Critical issues for effective mucosal vaccination include the antigen-retention period that enables interaction with the lymphatic system, choice of adjuvant that is nontoxic and induces the required immune response and possibly an ability to mimic mucosal pathogens. Chitosan-based delivery systems are reviewed here as they address these issues and hence represent the most promising candidates for the delivery of mucosal vaccines. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive literature search was conducted, to locate relevant studies published within the last 5 years. Mucosal delivery via nasal and oral routes is evaluated with respect to chitosan type, dosage forms, co-adjuvanting with novel adjuvants and modulation of the immune system. EXPERT OPINION It is concluded that chitosan derivatives offer advantageous opportunities such as nanoparticle and surface charge manipulation that facilitate vaccine targeting. Nevertheless, these technologies represent a longer-term goal. By contrast, chitosan (unmodified form) with or without a co-adjuvant has significant toxicology and human data to support safe mucosal administration, and thus has the potential for earlier product introduction into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjit Jabbal-Gill
- Archimedes Development Ltd, Albert Einstein Centre, Nottingham Science & Technology Park, University Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
The current vaccine market is gaining momentum in the development of alternative administration routes namely intranasal, oral, topical, pulmonary, vaginal, and rectal; the nasal route offers the most promising opportunity for vaccine administration. It can enhance convenience, safety, elicit both local and systemic immune responses; thus potentially provide protection from pathogens at the site of entry. Nasal vaccine innovation comes with both opportunities and challenges. The innovative strategies used by industry and researchers to overcome the hurdles are discussed in this article: these include live-attenuated vaccines, adjuvants, mucoadhesives, particulate delivery systems, virus-like particles, vaccine manufacture, challenges of regulatory authorities, and the nasal vaccine impact on market potential. Critical issues for effective nasal vaccination are the antigen-retention period that enables its interaction with the lymphatic system and choice of an adjuvant that is nontoxic and induces the required immune response. Co-adjuvanting by means of a mucoadhesive technology addresses some of these issues. ChiSys(®), a natural bioadhesive with proven intranasal safety profile, has already demonstrated efficacy for several nasally delivered vaccines including norovirus. With the looming threat of a pandemic, alternatives such as intranasal vaccination will ultimately facilitate greater public compliance and rapid mass global vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjit Jabbal-Gill
- Archimedes Development Ltd., Albert Einstein Centre, Nottingham Science & Technology Park, University Boulevard, Nottingham, UK.
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Zhang A, Li J, Zhao G, Geng S, Zhuang S, Wang B, Zhang F. Intranasal co-administration with the mouse zona pellucida 3 expressing construct and its coding protein induces contraception in mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:6785-92. [PMID: 21262188 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The zona pellucida 3 (ZP3), an autoantigen, once used to develop contraceptive vaccine has been faced a safety issue. Avoiding its pathogenic T cell activation, we intranasally co-delivered the mZP3 DNA- and protein-based vaccines in mice and observed that a higher level of sIgA and IgG antibodies in vaginal washes, bronchoalveolar lavages and serum and yielded a lower level of fertility and mean litter size. Importantly, histological analysis showed that normal follicular developments of the infertile mice were not disrupted in the co-delivered group. Thus, the intranasal co-delivery may present a safe strategy for the development of contraceptive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, PR China
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McNeela EA, Lavelle EC. Recent Advances in Microparticle and Nanoparticle Delivery Vehicles for Mucosal Vaccination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 354:75-99. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Dhadwar SS, Kiernan J, Wen J, Hortelano G. Repeated oral administration of chitosan/DNA nanoparticles delivers functional FVIII with the absence of antibodies in hemophilia A mice. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2743-50. [PMID: 20961391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of hemophilia A is expensive and involves regular infusions of factor (F)VIII concentrates. The supply of functional FVIII is further compromised by the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the development of an alternative safe, cost effective, non-invasive treatment that circumvents immune response induction is desirable. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of oral administration of chitosan nanoparticles containing FVIII DNA to provide sustainable FVIII activity in hemophilia A mice. METHODS Nanoparticles were characterized for morphology, DNA protection and transfection efficiency. Oral administration of nanoparticles containing canine FVIII in C57Bl/6 FVIII(-/-) hemophilia A mice was evaluated for biodistribution, plasma FVIII activity and phenotypic correction. Sustainable FVIII expression was elucidated after repeated nanoparticle administration. Immune responses to repeated oral nanoparticle administration were also investigated. RESULTS Chitosan nanoparticles had a particle size range of 200-400 nm and protected DNA from endonuclease and pH degradation. In addition, nanoparticles transfected HEK 293 cells resulted in expression of eGFP, luciferase and FVIII. Hemophilia A mice that ingested chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated transient canine FVIII expression reaching > 100 mU 1 day after treatment, together with partial phenotypic correction. The delivered FVIII plasmid DNA was detected in the intestine and, to a lesser extent, in the liver. Importantly, repeated weekly administrations restored FVIII activity. Furthermore, inhibitors and non-neutralizing FVIII antibodies were not detectable. CONCLUSIONS Repeat oral administration of FVIII DNA formulated in chitosan nanoparticles resulted in sustained FVIII activity in hemophilic mice, and thus may provide a non-invasive alternative treatment for hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Dhadwar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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DNA-based applications in nanobiotechnology. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:715295. [PMID: 20652049 PMCID: PMC2905923 DOI: 10.1155/2010/715295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have shown great potential in fabrication and construction of nanostructures and devices. The very properties that make DNA so effective as genetic material also make it a very suitable molecule for programmed self-assembly. The use of DNA to assemble metals or semiconducting particles has been extended to construct metallic nanowires and functionalized nanotubes. This paper highlights some important aspects of conjugating the unique physical properties of dots or wires with the remarkable recognition capabilities of DNA which could lead to miniaturizing biological electronics and optical devices, including biosensors and probes. Attempts to use DNA-based nanocarriers for gene delivery are discussed. In addition, the ecological advantages and risks of nanotechnology including DNA-based nanobiotechnology are evaluated.
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Luppi B, Bigucci F, Cerchiara T, Zecchi V. Chitosan-based hydrogels for nasal drug delivery: from inserts to nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:811-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.495981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Anderson R, Huang Y, Langley JM. Prospects for defined epitope vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:585-602. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illustrates the complex immunity and immunopathology to this ubiquitous virus, starting from the failed formalin-inactivated vaccine trials performed in the 1960s. An attractive alternative to traditional live or killed virus vaccines is a defined vaccine composed of discrete antigenic epitopes for which immunological activities have been characterized as comprehensively as possible. Here we present cumulative data on murine and human CD4, CD8 and neutralization epitopes identified in RSV proteins along with information regarding their associated immune responses and host-dependent variability. Identification and characterization of RSV epitopes is a rapidly expanding topic of research with potential contributions to the tailored design of improved safe and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pediatrics and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Joanne M Langley
- Department of Pediatrics, Community Health & Epidemiology and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
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Chitosan-based formulations for delivery of DNA and siRNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:12-27. [PMID: 19796660 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among non-viral vectors, chitosan and chitosan derivatives have been developed in vitro and in vivo for DNA and siRNA delivery systems because of their cationic charge, biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as their mucoadhesive and permeability-enhancing properties. However, the transfection efficiency of chitosan is too low for clinical application. Studies indicated that the transfection efficiency depends on a series of chitosan-based formulation parameters, such as the Mw of chitosan, its degree of deacetylation, the charge ratio of chitosan to DNA/siRNA (N/P ratio), the chitosan salt form used, the DNA/siRNA concentration, pH, serum, additives, preparation techniques of chitosan/nucleic acid particles and routes of administration. In this paper, chitosan-based formulations for the delivery of DNA and siRNA were reviewed to facilitate the process of chitosan vector development for clinical application. In addition to formulation optimization, chitosan structure modification or additive incorporation is an effective way to improve the stability of the polyplex in biological fluids, enhance targeted cell delivery and facilitate endo-lysosomal release of the complex. In summary, the transfection efficiency of chitosan-based delivery systems can be adjusted by changing formulation-related parameters.
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Pawar D, Goyal AK, Mangal S, Mishra N, Vaidya B, Tiwari S, Jain AK, Vyas SP. Evaluation of mucoadhesive PLGA microparticles for nasal immunization. AAPS JOURNAL 2010; 12:130-7. [PMID: 20077052 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were prepared and coated with chitosan and trimethyl chitosan (TMC) to evaluate the effect of coating material for nasal vaccine delivery. The developed formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and mucin adsorption ability. Plain PLGA microparticles demonstrated negative zeta potential. However, coated microparticles showed higher positive zeta potential. Results indicated that TMC microparticles demonstrated substantially higher mucin adsorption when compared to chitosan-coated microparticles and plain PLGA microparticles. The coated and uncoated microparticles showed deposition in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue under fluorescence microscopy. The coated and uncoated microparticles were then administered intranasally to mice. Immune-adjuvant effect was determined on the basis of specific antibody titer observed in serum and secretions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was observed that coated particles showed a markedly increased anti-HBsAg titer as compared to plain PLGA microparticles, but the results were more pronounced with the TMC-coated PLGA microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Pawar
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, MP 470 003, India
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Wu H, Dennis VA, Pillai SR, Singh SR. RSV fusion (F) protein DNA vaccine provides partial protection against viral infection. Virus Res 2009; 145:39-47. [PMID: 19540885 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a RSV F DNA vaccine incorporated with a mucosal adjuvant. Two DNA vaccine vectors (DRF-412 and DRF-412-P) were developed containing residues 412-524 of the RSV F gene. These antigenic regions were cloned into the phCMV1 DNA vaccine vector. One of the DNA vaccine vectors, DRF-412, contained the ctxA(2)B region of the cholera toxin gene as a mucosal adjuvant. The in vitro expressions of these DNA vectors were confirmed in Cos-7 cells by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. In vivo expression of the cloned gene was further confirmed in mouse muscle tissue by immunohistological analysis. The active transcription of the RSV F gene in mouse muscle cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. The purified DRF-412 and DRF-412-P DNA vectors were used to immunize mice by intramuscular injections. Our results indicated that DRF-412 and DRF-412-P vaccine vectors were as effective as live RSV in inducing neutralization antibody, systemic Ab (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b) responses, and mucosal antibody responses (Ig A). The Th1 (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. We observed that mice inoculated with vector DRF-412 induced a higher mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine immune response than DRF-412-P. Reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that mice immunized with the DRF-412 vector contained less viral RNA in lung tissue and the lung immunohistology study confirmed that mice immunized with DRF-412 had better protection than those immunized with the DRF-412-P vector. These results indicate that the RSV DRF-412 vaccine vector, which contains the cholera toxin subunit ctxA2B as a mucosal adjuvant may provide a better DNA vaccination strategy against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Wu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
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Jean M, Smaoui F, Lavertu M, Méthot S, Bouhdoud L, Buschmann MD, Merzouki A. Chitosan–plasmid nanoparticle formulations for IM and SC delivery of recombinant FGF-2 and PDGF-BB or generation of antibodies. Gene Ther 2009; 16:1097-110. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Boyoglu S, Vig K, Pillai S, Rangari V, Dennis VA, Khazi F, Singh SR. Enhanced delivery and expression of a nanoencapsulated DNA vaccine vector for respiratory syncytial virus. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:463-72. [PMID: 19341819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study evaluated the efficiency of chitosan-encapsulated DNA-based respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine. Antigenic regions of RSV F, M2, and G genes were cloned into the human cytomegalovirus promoter-based constitutive expression vector, resulting in a DNA vaccine vector named DR-FM2G. This vector was used to formulate DNA-chitosan nanoparticles (DCNPs) using a complex coacervation process that yielded an encapsulation efficiency of 94.7%. The DCNP sizes ranged from 80 to 150 nm with uniform size distribution and spherical shape. DNA release was between 50% and 60% when DCNPs were incubated with similar gastrointestinal fluid (pH 2), whereas 21% to 25% of DNA was released from DCNPs in 30 minutes at pH 10. Differential scanning calorimetry showed DCNPs to be more stable than naked DNA or chitosan, offering protection from DNA degradation by nucleases. DCNPs were not toxic to cells when used at concentrations < or =400 microg/mL. Immunohistochemical and real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed a higher level of RSV protein expression in mouse tissues given when DCNPs were injected intravenously as compared with naked DNA. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study evaluated the efficiency of chitosan-encapsulated DNA-based respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, showing a higher level of RSV protein expression in mouse tissues given when DCNPs were injected intravenously as compared with naked DNA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- COS Cells
- Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Chitosan/pharmacology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- DNA, Viral/administration & dosage
- DNA, Viral/immunology
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Injections, Intravenous
- Mice
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/ultrastructure
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Surface Properties/drug effects
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Boyoglu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, USA
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Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:140-57. [PMID: 19121350 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The great interest in mucosal vaccine delivery arises from the fact that mucosal surfaces represent the major site of entry for many pathogens. Among other mucosal sites, nasal delivery is especially attractive for immunization, as the nasal epithelium is characterized by relatively high permeability, low enzymatic activity and by the presence of an important number of immunocompetent cells. In addition to these advantageous characteristics, the nasal route could offer simplified and more cost-effective protocols for vaccination with improved patient compliance. The use of nanocarriers provides a suitable way for the nasal delivery of antigenic molecules. Besides improved protection and facilitated transport of the antigen, nanoparticulate delivery systems could also provide more effective antigen recognition by immune cells. These represent key factors in the optimal processing and presentation of the antigen, and therefore in the subsequent development of a suitable immune response. In this sense, the design of optimized vaccine nanocarriers offers a promising way for nasal mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Csaba
- Drug Formulation and Delivery Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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