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Liu C, Chang X, Li F, Yan Y, Zuo X, Huang G, Li R. Transcriptome analysis of Citrus sinensis reveals potential responsive events triggered by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:499-512. [PMID: 38092896 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is a devastating immune-mediated disorder that has a detrimental effect on the citrus industry, with the distinguishing feature being an eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study explored the alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity, transcriptome, and RNA editing events of organelles in C. sinensis during CLas infection. Results indicated that there were fluctuations in the performance of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in plants affected by HLB. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3604 genes with altered expression patterns between CLas-infected and healthy samples, including those associated with photosynthesis, biotic interactions, and phytohormones. Samples infected with CLas showed a decrease in the expression of most genes associated with photosynthesis and gibberellin metabolism. It was discovered that RNA editing frequency and the expression level of various genes in the chloroplast and mitochondrion genomes were affected by CLas infection. Our findings provide insights into the inhibition of photosynthesis, gibberellin metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes during CLas infection in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yana Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiru Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiyan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Qi T, Yang W, Hassan MJ, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Li H, Peng Y. Genome-wide identification of Aux/IAA gene family in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and functional verification of TrIAA18 under different abiotic stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38684940 PMCID: PMC11057079 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an excellent leguminous cool-season forage with a high protein content and strong nitrogen-fixing ability. Despite these advantages, its growth and development are markedly sensitive to environmental factors. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the major growth hormone in plants, regulating plant growth, development, and response to adversity. Nevertheless, the specific regulatory functions of Aux/IAA genes in response to abiotic stresses in white clover remain largely unexplored. RESULTS In this study, we identified 47 Aux/IAA genes in the white clover genome, which were categorized into five groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The TrIAAs promoter region co-existed with different cis-regulatory elements involved in developmental and hormonal regulation, and stress responses, which may be closely related to their diverse regulatory roles. Collinearity analysis showed that the amplification of the TrIAA gene family was mainly carried out by segmental duplication. White clover Aux/IAA genes showed different expression patterns in different tissues and under different stress treatments. In addition, we performed a yeast two-hybrid analysis to investigate the interaction between white clover Aux/IAA and ARF proteins. Heterologous expression indicated that TrIAA18 could enhance stress tolerance in both yeast and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. CONCLUSION These findings provide new scientific insights into the molecular mechanisms of growth hormone signaling in white clover and its functional characteristics in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Qi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiefang Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujiao Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qinyu Zhou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hang Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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3
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Li K, Zhu Y, Sun K, He C. Identification of microRNAs and their target genes associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola prionantha. PLANTA 2024; 259:116. [PMID: 38592549 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Differentially expressed microRNAs were found associated with the development of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers in Viola prionantha, revealing potential roles of microRNAs in the developmental evolution of dimorphic flowers. In Viola prionantha, chasmogamous (CH) flowers are induced by short daylight, while cleistogamous (CL) flowers are triggered by long daylight. How environmental factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) affect dimorphic flower formation remains unknown. In this study, small RNA sequencing was performed on CH and CL floral buds at different developmental stages in V. prionantha, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified, and their target genes were predicted. In CL flowers, Viola prionantha miR393 (vpr-miR393a/b) and vpr-miRN3366 were highly expressed, while in CH flowers, vpr-miRN2005, vpr-miR172e-2, vpr-miR166m-3, vpr-miR396f-2, and vpr-miR482d-2 were highly expressed. In the auxin-activated signaling pathway, vpr-miR393a/b and vpr-miRN2005 could target Vpr-TIR1/AFB and Vpr-ARF2, respectively, and other DEmiRNAs could target genes involved in the regulation of transcription, e.g., Vpr-AP2-7. Moreover, Vpr-UFO and Vpr-YAB5, the main regulators in petal and stamen development, were co-expressed with Vpr-TIR1/AFB and Vpr-ARF2 and showed lower expression in CL flowers than in CH flowers. Some V. prionantha genes relating to the stress/defense responses were co-expressed with Vpr-TIR1/AFB, Vpr-ARF2, and Vpr-AP2-7 and highly expressed in CL flowers. Therefore, in V. prionantha, CH-CL flower development may be regulated by the identified DEmiRNAs and their target genes, thus providing the first insight into the formation of dimorphic flowers in Viola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Li
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Zuoming Zhang
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Jiao Y, Tan J, Guo H, Huang B, Ying Y, Ramakrishnan M, Zhang Z. Genome-wide analysis of the KNOX gene family in Moso bamboo: insights into their role in promoting the rapid shoot growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:213. [PMID: 38528453 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes, plant-specific homologous box transcription factors (TFs), play a central role in regulating plant growth, development, organ formation, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the KNOX genes in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the fastest growing plant, has not yet been conducted, and the specific biological functions of this family remain unknown. RESULTS The expression profiles of 24 KNOX genes, divided into two subfamilies, were determined by integrating Moso bamboo genome and its transcriptional data. The KNOX gene promoters were found to contain several light and stress-related cis-acting elements. Synteny analysis revealed stronger similarity with rice KNOX genes than with Arabidopsis KNOX genes. Additionally, several conserved structural domains and motifs were identified in the KNOX proteins. The expansion of the KNOX gene family was primarily regulated by tandem duplications. Furthermore, the KNOX genes were responsive to naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellin (GA) hormones, exhibiting distinct temporal expression patterns in four different organs of Moso bamboo. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays demonstrated that PeKNOX genes may play a role in promoting rapid shoot growth. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network enrichment analyses revealed several functional annotations for PeKNOXs. By regulating downstream target genes, PeKNOXs are involved in the synthesis of AUX /IAA, ultimately affecting cell division and elongation. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we identified and characterized a total of 24 KNOX genes in Moso bamboo and investigated their physiological properties and conserved structural domains. To understand their functional roles, we conducted an analysis of gene expression profiles using STEM and RNA-seq data. This analysis successfully revealed regulatory networks of the KNOX genes, involving both upstream and downstream genes. Furthermore, the KNOX genes are involved in the AUX/IAA metabolic pathway, which accelerates shoot growth by influencing downstream target genes. These results provide a theoretical foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid growth and establish the groundwork for future research into the functions and transcriptional regulatory networks of the KNOX gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeqing Ying
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Kubalová M, Müller K, Dobrev PI, Rizza A, Jones AM, Fendrych M. Auxin co-receptor IAA17/AXR3 controls cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana root solely by modulation of nuclear auxin pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2448-2463. [PMID: 38308183 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA auxin pathway plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development. Specifically, the IAA17/AXR3 protein participates in Arabidopsis thaliana root development, response to auxin and gravitropism. However, the mechanism by which AXR3 regulates cell elongation is not fully understood. We combined genetical and cell biological tools with transcriptomics and determination of auxin levels and employed live cell imaging and image analysis to address how the auxin response pathways influence the dynamics of root growth. We revealed that manipulations of the TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA pathway rapidly modulate root cell elongation. While inducible overexpression of the AXR3-1 transcriptional inhibitor accelerated growth, overexpression of the dominant activator form of ARF5/MONOPTEROS inhibited growth. In parallel, AXR3-1 expression caused loss of auxin sensitivity, leading to transcriptional reprogramming, phytohormone signaling imbalance and increased levels of auxin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AXR3-1 specifically perturbs nuclear auxin signaling, while the rapid auxin response remains functional. Our results shed light on the interplay between the nuclear and cytoplasmic auxin pathways in roots, revealing their partial independence but also the dominant role of the nuclear auxin pathway during the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kubalová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Müller
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Ivanov Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Annalisa Rizza
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
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6
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Reddy VA, Saju JM, Nadimuthu K, Sarojam R. A non-canonical Aux/IAA gene MsIAA32 regulates peltate glandular trichome development in spearmint. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1284125. [PMID: 38375083 PMCID: PMC10875047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1284125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormone auxin controls various aspects of plant growth and development. The typical auxin signalling involves the degradation of canonical Aux/IAA proteins upon auxin perception releasing the auxin response factors (ARF) to activate auxin-regulated gene expression. Extensive research has been pursued in deciphering the role of canonical Aux/IAAs, however, the function of non-canonical Aux/IAA genes remains elusive. Here we identified a non-canonical Aux/IAA gene, MsIAA32 from spearmint (Mentha spicata), which lacks the TIR1-binding domain and shows its involvement in the development of peltate glandular trichomes (PGT), which are the sites for production and storage of commercially important essential oils. Using yeast two-hybrid studies, two canonical Aux/IAAs, MsIAA3, MsIAA4 and an ARF, MsARF3 were identified as the preferred binding partners of MsIAA32. Expression of a R2R3-MYB gene MsMYB36 and a cyclin gene MsCycB2-4 was altered in MsIAA32 suppressed plants indicating that these genes are possible downstream targets of MsIAA32 mediated signalling. Ectopic expression of MsIAA32 in Arabidopsis affected non-glandular trichome formation along with other auxin related developmental traits. Our findings establish the role of non-canonical Aux/IAA mediated auxin signalling in PGT development and reveal species-specific functionalization of Aux/IAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Jiang J, Wang Z, Chen Z, Wu Y, Mu M, Nie W, Zhao S, Cui G, Yin X. Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Family Based on Transcriptome Data from Caucasian Clover and Analysis of Expression Responses to Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15357. [PMID: 37895037 PMCID: PMC10607010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is an excellent perennial plant in the legume family Fabaceae, with a well-developed rhizome and strong clonal growth. Auxin is one of the most important phytohormones in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development. Auxin response factor (ARF) can regulate the expression of auxin-responsive genes, thus participating in multiple pathways of auxin transduction signaling in a synergistic manner. No genomic database has been established for Caucasian clover. In this study, 71 TaARF genes were identified through a transcriptomic database of Caucasian clover rhizome development. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the TaARFs into six (1-6) clades. Thirty TaARFs contained a complete ARF structure, including three relatively conserved regions. Physical and chemical property analysis revealed that TaARFs are unstable and hydrophilic proteins. We also analyzed the expression pattern of TaARFs in different tissues (taproot, horizontal rhizome, swelling of taproot, rhizome bud and rhizome bud tip). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that all TaARFs were responsive to phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate) in roots, stems and leaves. These results helped elucidate the role of ARFs in responses to different hormone treatments in Caucasian clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zirui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meiqi Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wanting Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siwen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guowen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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8
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Chen H, Song Z, Wang L, Lai X, Chen W, Li X, Zhu X. Auxin-responsive protein MaIAA17-like modulates fruit ripening and ripening disorders induced by cold stress in 'Fenjiao' banana. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125750. [PMID: 37453644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress severely affects the banana fruit softening and de-greening, significantly inhibiting the ripening processes. However, the mechanism of ripening disorder caused by chilling injury (CI) in banana fruit remains largely unknown. Herein, MaIAA17-like, an Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) family member, was found to be highly related to the softening and de-greening in 'Fenjiao' banana. Its expression was rapidly increased with fruit ripening and then gradually decreased under normal ripening conditions (22 °C). Notably, cold storage severely repressed MaIAA17-like expression but was rapidly increased following ethephon treatment for ripening in fruits without CI. However, the expression repression was not reverted in fruits with serious CI symptoms after 12 days of storage at 7 °C. AtMaIAA17-like bound and regulated the activities of promoters of chlorophyll (MaNOL and MaSGR1), starch (MaBAM6 and MaBAM8), and cell wall (MaSUR14 and MaPL8) degradation-related genes. MaIAA17-like also interacted with ethylene-insensitive 3-binding F-box protein (MaEBF1), further activating the expression of MaNOL, MaBAM8, MaPL8, and MaSUR14. Generally, the transient overexpression of MaIAA17-like promoted fruit ripening by inducing the expression of softening and de-greening related genes. However, silencing MaIAA17-like inhibited fruit ripening by reducing the expression of softening and de-greening related genes. These results imply that MaIAA17-like modulates fruit ripening by transcriptionally upregulating the key genes related to fruit softening and de-greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangcong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zunyang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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9
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Chaudhary C, Sharma N, Khurana P. Genome-wide identification of Aux/IAA and ARF gene families in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:257-270. [PMID: 35606614 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Somatic embryogenesis is an event that is triggered by the presence of auxin hormone for the induction of somatic cells to get converted to embryonic cells. Somatic embryogenesis represents the most important process of totipotency of plants. The role of auxins is widely understood during various stages of embryogenesis including polarity establishment, de-differentiation, re-differentiations, and morphogenesis. Many of the Aux/IAAs and ARFs which are part of auxin signaling components have been identified to play various roles during embryogenesis. In this analysis, the Aux/IAAs and ARFs of T. aestivum have been analyzed at the genome-scale; their structure, function, and evolutionary relatedness were determined. Several Aux/IAAs and ARFs components of T. aestivum have been found to exclusively regulate axis formation, meristem commitment, and other re-differentiation processes by differential expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanderkant Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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10
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Fang D, Zhang W, Ye Z, Hu F, Cheng X, Cao J. The plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) proteins: Structure and functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:685-695. [PMID: 36565613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) protein is a transcription factor involved in the formation and development of early lateral organs in plants. However, research on the SHI/STY protein family is not focused enough. In this article, we review recent studies on SHI/STY genes and explore the evolution and structure of SHI/STY. The biological functions of SHI/STYs are discussed in detail in this review, and the application of each biological function to modern agriculture is discussed. All SHI/STY proteins contain typical conserved RING-like zinc finger domain and IGGH domain. SHI/STYs are involved in the formation and development of lateral root, stem extension, leaf morphogenesis, and root nodule development. They are also involved in the regulation of pistil and stamen development and flowering time. At the same time, the regulation of some GA, JA, and auxin signals also involves these family proteins. For each aspect, unanswered or poorly understood questions were identified to help define future research areas. This review will provide a basis for further functional study of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuzhu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Subedi B, Schrick K. EYFP fusions to HD-Zip IV transcription factors enhance their stability and lead to phenotypic changes in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2119013. [PMID: 36154907 PMCID: PMC9519029 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2119013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives are extensively used for labeling cells, monitoring gene expression and/or tracking the localization or interactions of proteins. Previous reports of detrimental effects of fluorescent protein (FP) expression include cytotoxicity and interference with fusion protein function or localization. Only a few studies have documented the fluorescent tag-specific effects in plants. Here, we show that placing an enhanced yellow FP (EYFP) tag on the amino-terminus of GLABRA2 (GL2) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2), two developmentally important HD-Zip IV transcription factors from Arabidopsis, enhances their protein stability. Additionally, expression of EYFP:GL2 not only rescued the gl2 null mutant but also resulted in the abnormal development of abaxially curled leaves associated with EYFP-tag induced GL2 overexpression. Our study raises concerns on the use of FPs regarding their effects on the native properties of target proteins as well as biological consequences of fusion protein expression on morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Subedi
- Division of Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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12
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Maqsood H, Munir F, Amir R, Gul A. Genome-wide identification, comprehensive characterization of transcription factors, cis-regulatory elements, protein homology, and protein interaction network of DREB gene family in Solanum lycopersicum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1031679. [PMID: 36507398 PMCID: PMC9731513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is a drought-sensitive crop which has high susceptibility to adverse climatic changes. Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) are significant plant transcription factors that have a vital role in regulating plant abiotic stress tolerance by networking with DRE/CRT cis-regulatory elements in response to stresses. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was performed to conduct the genome-wide identification and characterization of DREB genes and promoter elements in Solanum lycopersicum. In genome-wide coverage, 58 SlDREB genes were discovered on 12 chromosomes that justified the criteria of the presence of AP2 domain as conserved motifs. Intron-exon organization and motif analysis showed consistency with phylogenetic analysis and confirmed the absence of the A3 class, thus dividing the SlDREB genes into five categories. Gene expansion was observed through tandem duplication and segmental duplication gene events in SlDREB genes. Ka/Ks values were calculated in ortholog pairs that indicated divergence time and occurrence of purification selection during the evolutionary period. Synteny analysis demonstrated that 32 out of 58 and 47 out of 58 SlDREB genes were orthologs to Arabidopsis and Solanum tuberosum, respectively. Subcellular localization predicted that SlDREB genes were present in the nucleus and performed primary functions in DNA binding to regulate the transcriptional processes according to gene ontology. Cis-acting regulatory element analysis revealed the presence of 103 motifs in 2.5-kbp upstream promoter sequences of 58 SlDREB genes. Five representative SlDREB proteins were selected from the resultant DREB subgroups for 3D protein modeling through the Phyre2 server. All models confirmed about 90% residues in the favorable region through Ramachandran plot analysis. Moreover, active catalytic sites and occurrence in disorder regions indicated the structural and functional flexibility of SlDREB proteins. Protein association networks through STRING software suggested the potential interactors that belong to different gene families and are involved in regulating similar functional and biological processes. Transcriptome data analysis has revealed that the SlDREB gene family is engaged in defense response against drought and heat stress conditions in tomato. Overall, this comprehensive research reveals the identification and characterization of SlDREB genes that provide potential knowledge for improving abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faiza Munir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Xu X, Wang R, Liu Y, Huang S, Wei H, Wei Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Diverse Auxin Responses during Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012495. [PMID: 36293351 PMCID: PMC9604407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin acts as a signaling molecule to regulate numerous developmental processes throughout all stages of plant growth. Understanding how auxin regulates various physiological and developmental processes has been a hot topic and an intriguing field. Recent studies have unveiled more molecular details into how diverse auxin responses function in every aspect of plant growth and development. In this review, we systematically summarized and classified the molecular mechanisms of diverse auxin responses, and comprehensively elaborated the characteristics and multilevel regulation mechanisms of the canonical transcriptional auxin response. On this basis, we described the characteristics and differences between different auxin responses. We also presented some auxin response genes that have been genetically modified in plant species and how their changes impact various traits of interest. Finally, we summarized some important aspects and unsolved questions of auxin responses that need to be focused on or addressed in future research. This review will help to gain an overall understanding of and some insights into the diverse molecular mechanisms of auxin responses in plant growth and development that are instrumental in harnessing genetic resources in molecular breeding of extant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Estrella-Maldonado H, Chan-León A, Fuentes G, Girón-Ramírez A, Desjardins Y, Santamaría JM. The interaction between exogenous IBA with sucrose, light and ventilation alters the expression of ARFs and Aux/IAA genes in Carica papaya plantlets. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:107-130. [PMID: 35725838 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between exogenous IBA with sucrose, light and ventilation, alters the expression of ARFs and Aux/IAA genes in in vitro grown Carica papaya plantlets. In vitro papaya plantlets normally show low rooting percentages during their ex vitro establishment that eventually leads to high mortality when transferred to field conditions. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) auxin is normally added to culture medium, to achieve adventitious root formation on in vitro papaya plantlets. However, the molecular mechanisms occurring when IBA is added to the medium under varying external conditions of sugar, light and ventilation have not been studied. Auxin response factors (ARF) are auxin-transcription activators, while auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) are auxin-transcription repressors, that modulate key components involved in auxin signaling in plants. In the present study, we identified 12 CpARF and 18 CpAux/IAA sequences in the papaya genome. The cis-acting regulatory elements associated to those CpARFs and CpAux/IAA gene families were associated with stress and hormone responses. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization and expression profiling analysis was performed on 6 genes involved in rhizogenesis formation (CpARF5, 6, 7 and CpAux/IAA11, 13, 14) from in vitro papaya plantlets exposed to different rhizogenesis-inducing treatments. In general, intact in vitro plantlets were not able to produce adventitious roots, when IBA (2 mg L-1) was added to the culture medium; they became capable to produce roots and increased their ex-vitro survival. However, the best rooting and survival % were obtained when IBA was added in combination with adequate sucrose supply (20 g L-1), increased light intensity (750 µmol photon m-2 s-1) and ventilation systems within the culture vessel. Interestingly, it was precisely under those conditions that promoted high rooting and survival %, where the highest expression of CpARFs, but the lowest expression of CpAux/IAAs occurred. One interesting case occurred when in vitro plantlets were exposed to high levels of light in the absence of added IBA, as high rooting and survival occurred, even though no exogenous auxin was added. In fact, plantlets from this treatment showed the right expression profile between auxin activators/repressors genes, in both stem base and root tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Estrella-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, C.P. 93600, Tlapacoyan, Veracruz, México.
| | - Arianna Chan-León
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gabriela Fuentes
- Independent Researcher, Calle 6a 279 a, Jardines de Vista Alegre, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Amaranta Girón-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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15
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Qin T, Sun C, Kazim A, Cui S, Wang Y, Richard D, Yao P, Bi Z, Liu Y, Bai J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Deep-Rooting and Shallow-Rooting Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2024. [PMID: 35956505 PMCID: PMC9370241 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The selection and breeding of deep rooting and drought-tolerant varieties has become a promising approach for improving the yield and adaptability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in arid and semiarid areas. Therefore, the discovery of root-development-related genes and drought tolerance signaling pathways in potato is important. In this study, we used deep-rooting (C119) and shallow-rooting (C16) potato genotypes, with different levels of drought tolerance, to achieve this objective. Both genotypes were treated with 150 mM mannitol for 0 h (T0), 2 h (T2), 6 h (T6), 12 h (T12), and 24 h (T24), and their root tissues were subjected to comparative transcriptome analysis. A total of 531, 1571, 1247, and 3540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in C16 and 1531, 1108, 674, and 4850 DEGs in C119 were identified in T2 vs. T0, T6 vs. T2, T12 vs. T6, and T24 vs. T12 comparisons, respectively. Gene expression analysis indicated that a delay in the onset of drought-induced transcriptional changes in C16 compared with C119. Functional enrichment analysis revealed genotype-specific biological processes involved in drought stress tolerance. The metabolic pathways of plant hormone transduction and MAPK signaling were heavily involved in the resistance of C16 and C119 to drought, while abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and salicylic acid signal transduction pathways likely played more important roles in C119 stress responses. Furthermore, genes involved in root cell elongation and division showed differential expression between the two genotypes under drought stress. Overall, this study provides important information for the marker-assisted selection and breeding of drought-tolerant potato genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Qin
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chao Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ali Kazim
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| | - Song Cui
- School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
| | - Yihao Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dormatey Richard
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiangping Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Q.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (D.R.); (P.Y.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.)
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16
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Wang H, Huang H, Shang Y, Song M, Ma H. Identification and characterization of auxin response factor (ARF) family members involved in fig ( Ficus carica L.) fruit development. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13798. [PMID: 35898939 PMCID: PMC9310797 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The auxin response factor (ARF) combines with AuxREs cis-acting elements in response to auxin to regulate plant development. To date, no comprehensive analysis of ARF genes expressed during fruit development has been conducted for common fig (Ficus carica L.). In this study, members of the FcARF gene family were screened, identified in the fig genome database and their features characterized using bioinformatics. Twenty FcARF genes were clustered into three classes, with almost similar highly conserved DBD (B3-like DNA binding domain), AUX/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene family) and MR domain structure among class members. Analysis of amino acid species in MR domain revealed 10 potential transcription activators and 10 transcription inhibitors, and 17 FcARF members were predicted to be located in the nucleus. DNA sequence analysis showed that the ARF gene family consisted of 4-25 exons, and the promoter region contained 16 cis-acting elements involved in stress response, hormone response and flavonoid biosynthesis. ARF genes were expressed in most tissues of fig, especially flower and peel. Transcriptomics analysis results showed that FcARF2, FcARF11 and FcARF12, belonging to class-Ia, were stably and highly expressed in the early development stage of flower and peel of 'Purple peel' fig. However, their expression levels decreased after maturity. Expression of class-Ic member FcARF3 conformed to the regularity of fig fruit development. These four potential transcription inhibitors may regulate fruit growth and development of 'Purple Peel' fig. This study provides comprehensive information on the fig ARF gene family, including gene structure, chromosome position, phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern. Our work provides a foundation for further research on auxin-mediated fig fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hantang Huang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkai Shang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
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17
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BnKAT2 Positively Regulates the Main Inflorescence Length and Silique Number in Brassica napus by Regulating the Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling Pathways. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131679. [PMID: 35807631 PMCID: PMC9269334 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brassica napus is the dominant oil crop cultivated in China for its high quality and high yield. The length of the main inflorescence and the number of siliques produced are important traits contributing to rapeseed yield. Therefore, studying genes related to main inflorescence and silique number is beneficial to increase rapeseed yield. Herein, we focused on the effects of BnKAT2 on the main inflorescence length and silique number in B. napus. We explored the mechanism of BnKAT2 increasing the effective length of main inflorescence and the number of siliques through bioinformatics analysis, transgenic technology, and transcriptome sequencing analysis. The full BnKAT2(BnaA01g09060D) sequence is 3674 bp, while its open reading frame is 2055 bp, and the encoded protein comprises 684 amino acids. BnKAT2 is predicted to possess two structural domains, namely KHA and CNMP-binding domains. The overexpression of BnKAT2 effectively increased the length of the main inflorescence and the number of siliques in B. napus, as well as in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The type-A Arabidopsis response regulator (A-ARR), negative regulators of the cytokinin, are downregulated in the BnKAT2-overexpressing lines. The Aux/IAA, key genes in auxin signaling pathways, are downregulated in the BnKAT2-overexpressing lines. These results indicate that BnKAT2 might regulate the effective length of the main inflorescence and the number of siliques through the auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways. Our study provides a new potential function gene responsible for improvement of main inflorescence length and silique number, as well as a candidate gene for developing markers used in MAS (marker-assisted selection) breeding to improve rapeseed yield.
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18
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Kim G, Ryu H, Sung J. Hormonal Crosstalk and Root Suberization for Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060811. [PMID: 35740936 PMCID: PMC9220869 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher plants in terrestrial environments face to numerous unpredictable environmental challenges, which lead to a significant impact on plant growth and development. In particular, the climate change caused by global warming is causing drought stress and rapid desertification in agricultural fields. Many scientific advances have been achieved to solve these problems for agricultural and plant ecosystems. In this review, we handled recent advances in our understanding of the physiological changes and strategies for plants undergoing drought stress. The activation of ABA synthesis and signaling pathways by drought stress regulates root development via the formation of complicated signaling networks with auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene signaling. An abundance of intrinsic soluble sugar, especially trehalose-6-phosphate, promotes the SnRK-mediated stress-resistance mechanism. Suberin deposition in the root endodermis is a physical barrier that regulates the influx/efflux of water and nutrients through complex hormonal and metabolic networks, and suberization is essential for drought-stressed plants to survive. It is highly anticipated that this work will contribute to the reproduction and productivity improvements of drought-resistant crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea;
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-043-261-2293 (H.R.); +82-043-261-2512 (J.S.)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-043-261-2293 (H.R.); +82-043-261-2512 (J.S.)
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Cui Y, Bian J, Lv Y, Li J, Deng XW, Liu X. Analysis of the Transcriptional Dynamics of Regulatory Genes During Peanut Pod Development Caused by Darkness and Mechanical Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904162. [PMID: 35693161 PMCID: PMC9178256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is an oil crop with important economic value that is widely cultivated around the world. It blooms on the ground but bears fruit underground. When the peg penetrates the ground, it enters a dark environment, is subjected to mechanical stress from the soil, and develops into a normal pod. When a newly developed pod emerges from the soil, it turns green and stops growing. It has been reported that both darkness and mechanical stress are necessary for normal pod development. In this study, we investigated changes in gene expression during the reverse process of peg penetration: developmental arrest caused by pod (Pattee 3 pods) excavation. Bagging the aerial pods was used to simulate loss of mechanical pressure, while direct exposure of the aerial pods was used to simulate loss of both mechanical pressure and darkness. After the loss of mechanical stress and darkness, the DEGs were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, plant-pathogen interaction, DNA replication, and circadian rhythm pathways. The DNA replication pathway was enriched by down-regulated genes, and the other four pathways were enriched by upregulated genes. Upregulated genes were also significantly enriched in protein ubiquitination and calmodulin-related genes, highlighting the important role of ubiquitination and calcium signaling in pod development. Further analysis of DEGs showed that phytochrome A (Phy A), auxin response factor 9 (IAA9), and mechanosensitive ion channel protein played important roles in geocarpy. The expression of these two genes increased in subterranean pods but decreased in aerial pods. Based on a large number of chloroplast-related genes, calmodulin, kinases, and ubiquitin-related proteins identified in this study, we propose two possible signal transduction pathways involved in peanut geocarpy, namely, one begins in chloroplasts and signals down through phosphorylation, and the other begins during abiotic stress and signals down through calcium signaling, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Our study provides valuable information about putative regulatory genes for peanut pod development and contributes to a better understanding of the biological phenomenon of geocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cui
- Shandong Laboratory for Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Weifang, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Bian
- Shandong Laboratory for Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Weifang, China
| | - Yuying Lv
- Shandong Laboratory for Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Weifang, China
| | - Jihua Li
- Shandong Laboratory for Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Weifang, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Shandong Laboratory for Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Weifang, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Shandong Laboratory for Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Weifang, China
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20
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Overexpression of EgrIAA20 from Eucalyptus grandis, a Non-Canonical Aux/ IAA Gene, Specifically Decouples Lignification of the Different Cell-Types in Arabidopsis Secondary Xylem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095068. [PMID: 35563457 PMCID: PMC9100763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood (secondary xylem) formation is regulated by auxin, which plays a pivotal role as an integrator of developmental and environmental cues. However, our current knowledge of auxin-signaling during wood formation is incomplete. Our previous genome-wide analysis of Aux/IAAs in Eucalyptus grandis showed the presence of the non-canonical paralog member EgrIAA20 that is preferentially expressed in cambium. We analyzed its cellular localization using a GFP fusion protein and its transcriptional activity using transactivation assays, and demonstrated its nuclear localization and strong auxin response repressor activity. In addition, we functionally tested the role of EgrIAA20 by constitutive overexpression in Arabidopsis to investigate for phenotypic changes in secondary xylem formation. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing EgrIAA20 were smaller and displayed impaired development of secondary fibers, but not of other wood cell types. The inhibition in fiber development specifically affected their cell wall lignification. We performed yeast-two-hybrid assays to identify EgrIAA20 protein partners during wood formation in Eucalyptus, and identified EgrIAA9A, whose ortholog PtoIAA9 in poplar is also known to be involved in wood formation. Altogether, we showed that EgrIAA20 is an important auxin signaling component specifically involved in controlling the lignification of wood fibers.
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21
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Effect of the PmARF6 Gene from Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) on the Development of Arabidopsis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030469. [PMID: 35328022 PMCID: PMC8949783 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is a core industrial tree species that is used for afforestation in southern China. Previous studies have shown that Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) are involved in the growth and development of various species, but the function of ARFs in Masson pine is unclear. In this research, we cloned and identified Masson pine ARF6 cDNA (PmARF6). The results showed that PmARF6 encodes a protein of 681 amino acids that is highly expressed in female flowers. Subcellular analysis showed that the PmARF6 protein occurred predominantly in the nucleus and cytomembrane of Masson pine cells. Compared with wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PmARF6 had fewer rosette leaves, and their flower development was slower. These results suggest that overexpression of PmARF6 may inhibit the flower and leaf development of Masson pine and provide new insights into the underlying developmental mechanism.
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22
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Identification of Peanut Aux/IAA Genes and Functional Prediction during Seed Development and Maturation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040472. [PMID: 35214804 PMCID: PMC8874715 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Auxin-responsive genes AUX/IAA are important during plant growth and development, but there are few relevant reports in peanut. In this study, 44 AhIAA genes were identified from cultivated peanut, of which 31 genes were expressed in seed at varying degrees. AhIAA-3A, AhIAA-16A and AhIAA-15B were up-regulated, while AhIAA-11A, AhIAA-5B and AhIAA-14B were down-regulated with seed development and maturation. The expression patterns of seven genes, AhIAA-1A, AhIAA-4A, AhIAA-10A, AhIAA-20A, AhIAA-1B, AhIAA-4B and AhIAA-19B, were consistent with the change trend of auxin, and expression in late-maturing variety LM was significantly higher than that in early-maturing EM. Furthermore, allelic polymorphism analysis of AhIAA-1A and AhIAA-1B, which were specifically expressed in seeds, showed that three SNP loci in 3′UTR of AhIAA-1A could effectively distinguish the EM- and LM- type germplasm, providing a basis for breeding markers development. Our results offered a comprehensive understanding of Aux/IAA genes in peanut and provided valuable clues for further investigation of the auxin signal transduction pathway and auxin regulation mechanism in peanut.
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Muellender MM, Savenkov EI, Reichelt M, Varrelmann M, Liebe S. The Virulence Factor p25 of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus Interacts With Multiple Aux/IAA Proteins From Beta vulgaris: Implications for Rhizomania Development. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:809690. [PMID: 35140697 PMCID: PMC8819154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.809690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizomania caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is characterized by excessive lateral root (LR) formation. Auxin-mediated degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors stimulates gene regulatory networks leading to LR organogenesis and involves several Aux/IAA proteins acting at distinctive stages of LR development. Previously, we showed that BNYVV p25 virulence factor interacts with BvIAA28, a transcriptional repressor acting at early stages of LR initiation. The evidence suggested that p25 inhibits BvIAA28 nuclear localization, thus, de-repressing transcriptional network leading to LR initiation. However, it was not clear whether p25 interacts with other Aux/IAA proteins. Here, by adopting bioinformatics, in vitro and in vivo protein interaction approaches we show that p25 interacts also with BvIAA2 and BvIAA6. Moreover, we confirmed that the BNYVV infection is, indeed, accompanied by an elevated auxin level in the infected LRs. Nevertheless, expression levels of BvIAA2 and BvIAA6 remained unchanged upon BNYVV infection. Mutational analysis indicated that interaction of p25 with either BvIAA2 or BvIAA6 requires full-length proteins as even single amino acid residue substitutions abolished the interactions. Compared to p25-BvIAA28 interaction that leads to redistribution of BvIAA28 into cytoplasm, both BvIAA2 and BvIAA6 remained confined into the nucleus regardless of the presence of p25 suggesting their stabilization though p25 interaction. Overexpression of p25-interacting partners (BvIAA2, BvIAA6 and BvIAA28) in Nicotiana benthamiana induced an auxin-insensitive phenotype characterized by plant dwarfism and dramatically reduced LR development. Thus, our work reveals a distinct class of transcriptional repressors targeted by p25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene I. Savenkov
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Varrelmann
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Department of Phytopathology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Liebe
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Department of Phytopathology, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Liebe,
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Hemati A, Alikhani HA, Ajdanian L, Babaei M, Asgari Lajayer B, van Hullebusch ED. Effect of Different Enriched Vermicomposts, Humic Acid Extract and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Amendments on the Growth of Brassica napus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020227. [PMID: 35050115 PMCID: PMC8781061 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is a specific and stable component of humus materials that behaves similarly to growth stimulants, esp. auxin hormones, contributing to improving growth indices and performance of plants. As a rich source of HA, vermicompost (VC) is also a plant growth stimulating bio-fertilizer that can enhance growth indices and performance in plants. The purpose of the present study is to compare the influence of VC enriched with bacterial and/or fertilizer, commercial humic acid (CHA) extract, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on improving growth characteristics and performance of rapeseed under greenhouse conditions. The results showed the complete superiority of VC over the CHA and IAA (approximately 8% increase in the dry weights of root and aerial organ and nearly three times increase in seed weight). The highest values of these indices were obtained with VC enriched with Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Phosphorus, Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens; the lowest value was obtained with VC enriched with urea. Additionally, the application of 3% VC and the control involved the highest and lowest values in all traits, respectively. The SPAD (chlorophyll index) value and stem diameter were not significantly affected by different application levels of VC. Overall, the applications of IAA and the CHA were not found to be suitable and therefore not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Hemati
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616422, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (E.D.v.H.)
| | - Hossein Ali Alikhani
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Ladan Ajdanian
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (L.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mehdi Babaei
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (L.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616422, Iran;
| | - Eric D. van Hullebusch
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (E.D.v.H.)
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25
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the Auxin/Indoleacetic Acid Gene Family and Response to Indole-3-Acetic Acid Stress in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:3102399. [PMID: 34746298 PMCID: PMC8564212 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) family genes respond to the hormone auxin, which have been implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes. In this study, all 25 Aux/IAA family genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by a reiterative database search and manual annotation. Our study provided comprehensive information of Aux/IAA family genes in buckwheat, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. Aux/IAA family genes were nonuniformly distributed in the buckwheat chromosomes and divided into seven groups by phylogenetic analysis. Aux/IAA family genes maintained a certain correlation and a certain species-specificity through evolutionary analysis with Arabidopsis and other grain crops. In addition, all Aux/IAA genes showed a complex response pattern under treatment of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These results provide valuable reference information for dissecting function and molecular mechanism of Aux/IAA family genes in buckwheat.
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26
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Aux/IAA and Auxin Response Factor Gene Family in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910494. [PMID: 34638833 PMCID: PMC8532000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aux/IAA and auxin response transcription factor (ARF) genes are key regulators of auxin responses in plants. A total of 25 MtIAA and 40 MtARF genes were identified based on the latest updated Medicago truncatula reference genome sequence. They were clustered into 10 and 8 major groups, respectively. The homologs among M. truncatula, soybean, and Arabidopsis thaliana shared close relationships based on phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure analysis revealed that MtIAA and MtARF genes contained one to four concern motifs and they are localized to eight chromosomes, except chromosome 6 without MtARFs. In addition, some MtIAA and MtARF genes were expressed in all tissues, while others were specifically expressed in specific tissues. Analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter region and expression profiles revealed the potential response of MtIAA and MtARF genes to hormones and abiotic stresses. The prediction protein–protein interaction network showed that some ARF proteins could interact with multiple Aux/IAA proteins, and the reverse is also true. The investigation provides valuable, basic information for further studies on the biological functions of MtIAA and MtARF genes in the regulation of auxin-related pathways in M. truncatula.
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Tabeta H, Watanabe S, Fukuda K, Gunji S, Asaoka M, Hirai MY, Seo M, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. An auxin signaling network translates low-sugar-state input into compensated cell enlargement in the fugu5 cotyledon. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009674. [PMID: 34351899 PMCID: PMC8341479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the effective mobilization of seed nutrient reserves is crucial during germination and for seedling establishment. The Arabidopsis H+-PPase-loss-of-function fugu5 mutants exhibit a reduced number of cells in the cotyledons. This leads to enhanced post-mitotic cell expansion, also known as compensated cell enlargement (CCE). While decreased cell numbers have been ascribed to reduced gluconeogenesis from triacylglycerol, the molecular mechanisms underlying CCE remain ill-known. Given the role of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) in cotyledon development, and because CCE in fugu5 is specifically and completely cancelled by ech2, which shows defective IBA-to-indoleacetic acid (IAA) conversion, IBA has emerged as a potential regulator of CCE. Here, to further illuminate the regulatory role of IBA in CCE, we used a series of high-order mutants that harbored a specific defect in IBA-to-IAA conversion, IBA efflux, IAA signaling, or vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity and analyzed the genetic interaction with fugu5-1. We found that while CCE in fugu5 was promoted by IBA, defects in IBA-to-IAA conversion, IAA response, or the V-ATPase activity alone cancelled CCE. Consistently, endogenous IAA in fugu5 reached a level 2.2-fold higher than the WT in 1-week-old seedlings. Finally, the above findings were validated in icl-2, mls-2, pck1-2 and ibr10 mutants, in which CCE was triggered by low sugar contents. This provides a scenario in which following seed germination, the low-sugar-state triggers IAA synthesis, leading to CCE through the activation of the V-ATPase. These findings illustrate how fine-tuning cell and organ size regulation depend on interplays between metabolism and IAA levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keita Fukuda
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | | | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Xiang N, Hu JG, Yan S, Guo X. Plant Hormones and Volatiles Response to Temperature Stress in Sweet Corn ( Zea mays L.) Seedlings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6779-6790. [PMID: 34115469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to emphasize on disclosing the regulative mechanism of sweet corn seedlings response to extreme temperature stress; transcriptomics and metabolomics for volatiles and plant hormones were integrated in this study. Results showed that low-temperature stress significantly impressed 20 volatiles; abscisic acid and salicylic acid accumulated, while auxin and jasmonic acid decreased. The regulatory patterns of vp14 and ABF for abscisic acid accumulation and signal transduction were elucidated in low-temperature stress. High-temperature stress influenced 31 volatiles and caused the reductions on zeatin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and auxin. The up-regulation of an ARR-B gene emphasized its function on zeatin signal transduction under high-temperature stress. Correlations among gene modules, phytohormones, and volatiles were analyzed for building the regulative network of sweet corn seedlings under temperature stress. The attained result might build foundations for improving early development of sweet corn by biological intervention or genomic-level modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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29
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Hussain S, Wang W, Ahmed S, Wang X, Adnan, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang N, Tian H, Chen S, Hu X, Wang T, Wang S. PIP2, An Auxin Induced Plant Peptide Hormone Regulates Root and Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646736. [PMID: 34054893 PMCID: PMC8161498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is one of the traditional plant hormones, whereas peptide hormones are peptides with hormone activities. Both auxin and plant peptide hormones regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development, and there are cross-talks between auxin and plant peptide hormones. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDES (PIPs) and PIP-LIKEs (PIPLs) are a new family of plant peptide hormone, and PIPL3/TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) has been shown to regulate lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. We report here the identification of PIP2 as an auxin response gene, and we found it plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl development in Arabidopsis. By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the expression of PIP2 but not PIP1 and PIP3 was induced by auxin, and auxin induced expression of PIP2 was reduced in nph4-1 and arf19-4, the lost-of-function mutants of Auxin Response Factor 7 (ARF7) and ARF19, respectively. By generating and characterizing overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP2, we found that root length in the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings was slightly shorter when compared with that in the Col wild type plants, but root length of the pip2 mutant seedlings remained largely unchanged. For comparison, we also generated overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP3, as well as pip2 pip3 double mutants. Surprisingly, we found that root length in the PIP3 overexpression plant seedlings is shorter than that of the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings, and the pip3 mutant seedlings also produced short roots. However, root length in the pip2 pip3 double mutant seedlings is largely similar to that in the pip3 single mutant seedlings. On the other hand, hypocotyl elongation assays indicate that only the 35S:PIP2 transgenic plant seedlings produced longer hypocotyls when compared with the Col wild type seedlings. Further analysis indicates that PIP2 promotes cell division as well as cell elongation in hypocotyls. Taken together, our results suggest that PIP2 is an auxin response gene, and PIP2 plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis likely via regulating cell division and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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30
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Zhu W, Zhang M, Li J, Zhao H, Ge W, Zhang K. Identification and Analysis of Aux/IAA Family in Acer rubrum. Evol Bioinform Online 2021; 17:1176934321994127. [PMID: 33953533 PMCID: PMC8044571 DOI: 10.1177/1176934321994127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin are important in all aspects of plant growth and development. The Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) gene responds to auxin induction as auxin early response gene family. Despite the physiological importance of the Aux/IAA gene, a systematic analysis of the Aux/IAA gene in Acer rubrum has not been reported. This paper describes the characterization of Acer rubrum Aux/IAA genes at the transcriptomic level and Acer yangbiense Aux/IAA genes at the genomic level, with 17 Acer rubrum AUX/IAA genes (ArAux/IAA) and 23 Acer yangbiense Aux/IAA (AyAux/IAA) genes identified. Phylogenetic analysis shows that AyAux/IAA and ArAux/IAA family genes can be subdivided into 4 groups and show strong evolutionary conservatism. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to test the expression profile of ArAux/IAA genes in different tissues under indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment. Most ArAux/IAA genes are responsive to exogenous auxin and have tissue-specific expression. Overall, these results will provide molecular-level insights into auxin metabolism, transport, and signaling in Acer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewen Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Wu C, Paciorek M, Liu K, LeClere S, Perez‐Jones A, Westra P, Sammons RD. Investigating the presence of compensatory evolution in dicamba resistant IAA16 mutated kochia (Bassia scoparia) †. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1775-1785. [PMID: 33236492 PMCID: PMC7986355 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of fitness costs has been reported for multiple herbicide resistance traits, but the underlying evolutionary mechanisms are not well understood. Compensatory evolution that ameliorates resistance costs, has been documented in bacteria and insects but rarely studied in weeds. Dicamba resistant IAA16 (G73N) mutated kochia was previously found to have high fecundity in the absence of competition, regardless of significant vegetative growth defects. To understand if costs of dicamba resistance can be compensated through traits promoting reproductive success in kochia, we thoroughly characterized the reproductive growth and development of different G73N kochia biotypes. Flowering phenology, seed production and reproductive allocation were quantified through greenhouse studies, floral (stigma-anthers distance) and seed morphology, as well as resulting mating and seed dispersal systems were studied through time-course microcopy images. RESULTS G73N covaried with multiple phenological, morphological and ecological traits that improve reproductive fitness: (i) 16-60% higher reproductive allocation; (ii) longer reproduction phase through early flowering (2-7 days); (iii) smaller stigma-anthers separation (up to 60% reduction of herkogamy and dichogamy) that can potentially promote selfing and reproductive assurance; (iv) 'winged' seeds with 30-70% longer sepals that facilitate long-distance seed dispersal. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that costs of herbicide resistance can be ameliorated through coevolution of other fitness penalty alleviating traits. As illustrated in a hypothetical model, the evolution of herbicide resistance is an ongoing fitness maximization process, which poses challenges to contain the spread of resistance. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wu
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyBayer CropScienceChesterfieldMOUSA
| | - Marta Paciorek
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyBayer CropScienceChesterfieldMOUSA
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyBayer CropScienceChesterfieldMOUSA
| | - Sherry LeClere
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyBayer CropScienceChesterfieldMOUSA
| | | | - Phil Westra
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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32
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Hane M, Wijaya HC, Nyon YA, Sakihama Y, Hashimoto M, Matsuura H, Hashidoko Y. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) produced by Paraburkholderia phenazinium CK-PC1 aids postgermination growth of Xyris complanata seedlings with germination induced by Penicillium rolfsii Y-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:77-84. [PMID: 33577649 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Symbiosis of Penicillium rolfsii Y-1 is essential for the seed germination of Hawaii yellow-eyed grass (Xyris complanata). However, the local soil where the plants grow naturally often suppresses the radicle growth of the seedlings. This radicle growth was drastically restored by coinoculation of Paraburkholderia phenazinium isolate CK-PC1, which is a rhizobacterium of X. complanata. It was found that the isolate CK-PC1 produced phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA, 1) as a major metabolite. The biological effects of PCA (1) were investigated using the seeds of X. complanata and Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and it was uncovered that the symbiosis of the isolate CK-PC1was essential for the postgermination growth of X. complanata and the metabolite PCA (1) might partially contribute to promote the growth of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Hane
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yanetri A Nyon
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Yasuko Sakihama
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hashidoko
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Yang S, Zhang Z, Chen W, Li X, Zhou S, Liang C, Li X, Yang B, Zou X, Liu F, Ou L, Ma Y. Integration of mRNA and miRNA profiling reveals the heterosis of three hybrid combinations of Capsicum annuum varieties. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:224-241. [PMID: 33410724 PMCID: PMC7808418 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1852064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Capsicum annuum is also known as chili which is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in the world. Breeding new varieties with heterosis could improve the quality of pepper, increase yield, growth potential, disease resistance, adaptability, and seed viability. To investigate the heterosis among three cross combinations of different parents, the mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis was performed. A total number of 22,659,009 to 36,423,818 clean data were generated from mRNA-seq with 81 libraries, and the unique mapped reads were from 35,495,567 (86.81%) to 46,466,622 (88.95%). The plant-hormone signal transduction pathway (40 genes) was detected with a higher DEG number. The SAUR32L, GID1, PYR1, EIN2. ERF1, PR1, JAR1-like, IAA from this pathway play a key role in plant development. From the miRNA-seq, the number of clean reads was ranging from 12,132,221 to 25,632,680. A total of 220 miRNAs were predicted in this study, and all of them were identified as novel miRNA. The top three candidate KEGG pathways of miRNA were ribosome signaling pathway (13 miRNAs), spliceosome pathway (13 miRNAs), and plant hormone signal transduction pathways (10 miRNAs). With the mRNA and miRNA integrated analysis, we found some key genes were regulated by some miRNAs. Among them, the scarecrow-like 6 protein can be up or down regulated by mir8, mir120, mir184, mir_214, mir125, and mir130. The function of Della protein was regulated by mir24, mir74, mir94, mir139, and mir190. This study contributes to understanding how heterosis regulates the traits, such as crop production, fruit weight, and fruit length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhang
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shudong Zhou
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengliang Liang
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institution of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqing Ma
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan, China
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Wang F, Niu H, Xin D, Long Y, Wang G, Liu Z, Li G, Zhang F, Qi M, Ye Y, Wang Z, Pei B, Hu L, Yuan C, Chen X. OsIAA18, an Aux/IAA Transcription Factor Gene, Is Involved in Salt and Drought Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:738660. [PMID: 34868122 PMCID: PMC8637529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins play an important regulatory role in the developmental process of plants and their responses to stresses. A previous study has shown that constitutive expression of OsIAA18, an Aux/IAA transcription factor gene of rice improved salt and osmotic tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. However, little work is known about the regulatory functions of the OsIAA18 gene in regulating the abiotic stress tolerance of rice. In this study, the OsIAA18 gene was introduced into the rice cultivar, Zhonghua 11 and the OsIAA18 overexpression in rice plants exhibited significantly enhanced salt and drought tolerance compared to the wild type (WT). Moreover, overexpression of OsIAA18 in rice increased endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and the overexpression of OsIAA18 in rice plants showed hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment at both the germination and postgermination stages compared to WT. Overexpression of OsIAA18 upregulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling pathways, proline biosynthesis pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system in the overexpression of OsIAA18 in rice plants under salt and drought stresses. Proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly increased, whereas malonaldehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion radical (O2 -) content were significantly decreased in the transgenic plants under salt and drought stresses. Taken together, we suggest that OsIAA18 plays a positive role in drought and salt tolerance by regulating stress-induced ABA signaling. The OsIAA18 gene has a potential application in genetically modified crops with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Feibing Wang,
| | - Haofei Niu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Dongqing Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Yi Long
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Guangpeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Zongmei Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Gang Li
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region, Huai’an, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyang Qi
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Zunxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Baolei Pei
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Laibao Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Caiyong Yuan
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region, Huai’an, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
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Singh H, Kaur K, Singh M, Kaur G, Singh P. Plant Cyclophilins: Multifaceted Proteins With Versatile Roles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:585212. [PMID: 33193535 PMCID: PMC7641896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.585212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins constitute a family of ubiquitous proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug. Several of these proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a proline residue, essential for correct folding of the proteins. Compared to prokaryotes and other eukaryotes studied until now, the cyclophilin gene families in plants exhibit considerable expansion. With few exceptions, the role of the majority of these proteins in plants is still a matter of conjecture. However, recent studies suggest that cyclophilins are highly versatile proteins with multiple functionalities, and regulate a plethora of growth and development processes in plants, ranging from hormone signaling to the stress response. The present review discusses the implications of cyclophilins in different facets of cellular processes, particularly in the context of plants, and provides a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins fine-tune the diverse physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mangaljeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Waadt R. Phytohormone signaling mechanisms and genetic methods for their modulation and detection. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:31-40. [PMID: 32622326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones enable plants to regulate their development, growth and physiology according to the environmental requirements. Knowledge about the underlying signaling mechanisms, combined with the ability to pharmacologically or genetically manipulate phytohormone responses is steadily being incorporated into modern plant biology research and agriculture. This knowledge also enabled the development of genetically encoded phytohormone indicators that allow the tracking of spatiotemporal phytohormone dynamics and signaling processes in vivo. This review aims to provide an overview about core phytohormone signaling mechanisms, and about genetic tools for the manipulation and in vivo tracking of phytohormone actions.
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Israeli A, Reed JW, Ori N. Genetic dissection of the auxin response network. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1082-1090. [PMID: 32807951 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of gene families during evolution, which can generate functional overlap or specialization among their members, is a characteristic feature of signalling pathways in complex organisms. For example, families of transcriptional activators and repressors mediate responses to the plant hormone auxin. Although these regulators were identified more than 20 years ago, their overlapping functions and compensating negative feedbacks have hampered their functional analyses. Studies using loss-of-function approaches in basal land plants and gain-of-function approaches in angiosperms have in part overcome these issues but have still left an incomplete understanding. Here, we propose that renewed emphasis on genetic analysis of multiple mutants and species will shed light on the role of gene families in auxin response. Combining loss-of-function mutations in auxin-response activators and repressors can unravel complex outputs enabled by expanded gene families, such as fine-tuned developmental outcomes and robustness. Similar approaches and concepts may help to analyse other regulatory pathways whose components are also encoded by large gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Israeli
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jason W Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
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Kim SH, Bahk S, An J, Hussain S, Nguyen NT, Do HL, Kim JY, Hong JC, Chung WS. A Gain-of-Function Mutant of IAA15 Inhibits Lateral Root Development by Transcriptional Repression of LBD Genes in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1239. [PMID: 32903377 PMCID: PMC7434933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root development is known to be regulated by Aux/IAA-ARF modules in Arabidopsis thaliana. As components, several Aux/IAAs have participated in these Aux/IAA-ARF modules. In this study, to identify the biological function of IAA15 in plant developments, transgenic plant overexpressing the gain-of-function mutant of IAA15 (IAA15P75S OX) under the control of dexamethasone (DEX) inducible promoter, in which IAA15 protein was mutated by changing Pro-75 residue to Ser at the degron motif in conserved domain II, was constructed. As a result, we found that IAA15P75S OX plants show a decreased number of lateral roots. Coincidently, IAA15 promoter-GUS reporter analysis revealed that IAA15 transcripts were highly detected in all stages of developing lateral root tissues. It was also verified that the IAA15P75S protein is strongly stabilized against proteasome-mediated protein degradation by inhibiting its poly-ubiquitination, resulting in the transcriptional repression of auxin-responsive genes. In particular, transcript levels of LBD16 and LBD29, which are positive regulators of lateral root formation, dramatically repressed in IAA15P75S OX plants. Furthermore, it was elucidated that IAA15 interacts with ARF7 and ARF19 and binds to the promoters of LBD16 and LBD29, strongly suggesting that IAA15 represses lateral root formation through the transcriptional suppression of LBD16 and LBD29 by inhibiting ARF7 and ARF19 activity. Taken together, this study suggests that IAA15 also plays a key negative role in lateral root formation as a component of Aux/IAA-ARF modules.
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Sun M, Li H, Li Y, Xiang H, Liu Y, He Y, Qi M, Li T. Tomato YABBY2b controls plant height through regulating indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase (GH3.8) expression. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110530. [PMID: 32563468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing is a desirable agronomic trait in cultivation management. Dwarf plants are lodging-resistant, compact, and perform well under high-density planting. The use of dwarf genetic resources is one approach to improve crop yield. YABBY2b in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) encodes a transcription factor that regulates plant height. In this study, we created YABBY2b knockout mutant lines, and the resulting yabby2b plants exhibited reduced height and smaller flowers and fruits. The RNA-seq analysis showed that 17 genes responding to gibberellin and auxin were differentially expressed. We hypothesized that indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 (GH3.8) played a crucial role in the resulting yabby2b dwarf phenotype. Further analysis showed that YABBY2b suppresses GH3.8 gene expression by directly binding to its promoter, and that this contributes to auxin-mediated repression of GH3.8. Moreover, the silencing of GH3.8 led to increased plant height. Combined, our data suggest that YABBY2b may positively regulate plant height in tomato by inhibiting the expression of growth suppressor GH3.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Sun
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Yanbing Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Yudong Liu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Yi He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Tianlai Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
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Huang C, Yang M, Shao D, Wang Y, Wan S, He J, Meng Z, Guan R. Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:530. [PMID: 32736518 PMCID: PMC7430850 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of leaf shape development and plant stature have made important contributions to the fields of plant breeding and developmental biology. The optimization of leaf morphology and plant height to improve lodging resistance and photosynthetic efficiency, increase planting density and yield, and facilitate mechanized harvesting is a desirable goal in Brassica napus. Results Here, we investigated a B. napus germplasm resource exhibiting up-curled leaves and a semi-dwarf stature. In progeny populations derived from NJAU5737 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11), we found that the up-curled leaf trait was controlled by a dominant locus, BnUC2. We then fine mapped the BnUC2 locus onto an 83.19-kb interval on chromosome A05 using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We further determined that BnUC2 was a major plant height QTL that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation in two BC5F3 family populations derived from NJAU5737 and ZS11. This result implies that BnUC2 was also responsible for the observed semi-dwarf stature. The fine mapping interval of BnUC2 contained five genes, two of which, BnaA05g16700D (BnaA05.IAA2) and BnaA05g16720D, were revealed by comparative sequencing to be mutated in NJAU5737. This result suggests that the candidate gene mutation (BnaA05g16700D, encoding Aux/IAA2 proteins) in the conserved Degron motif GWPPV (P63S) was responsible for the BnUC2 locus. In addition, investigation of agronomic traits in a segregated population indicated that plant height, main inflorescence length, and branching height were significantly reduced by BnUC2, whereas yield was not significantly altered. The determination of the photosynthetic efficiency showed that the BnUC2 locus was beneficial to improve the photosynthetic efficiency. Our findings may provide an effective foundation for plant type breeding in B. napus. Conclusions Using SNP and SSR markers, a dominant locus (BnUC2) related to up-curled leaves and semi-dwarf stature in B. napus has been fine mapped onto an 83.19-kb interval of chromosome A05 containing five genes. The BnaA05.IAA2 is inferred to be the candidate gene responsible for the BnUC2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danlei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubei Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianbo He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zuqing Meng
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Xue X, Sun K, Zhu Z. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 gates morning phased auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:935-940. [PMID: 32430181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock controls plant behaviors to anticipate day-night switch and keeps plant fitness. Here, we reported that plant response to auxin is also strictly governed by clock. The amplitude of auxin-responsive gene expressions gradually declined from morning to the dusk, and then enhanced from dusk to dawn. Plants with defects in both CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and its closest homologue LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) (cca1 lhy) showed comparable responses to auxin at different time points in consecutive days, suggesting that CCA1 and LHY were required for gating auxin responses. Moreover, CCA1/LHY physically interacted with the core transcriptional repressors (Aux/IAA proteins), which might further modulate plant sensitivity to auxin. Taken together, we demonstrate that the central morning phased circadian oscillator CCA1 plays a pivotal role in gating auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaiwen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Genome-wide characterization and expression analyses of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:10242. [PMID: 32581321 PMCID: PMC7314776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aux/IAA genes are early auxin-responsive genes and essential for auxin signaling transduction. There is little information about Aux/IAAs in the agriculturally important cereal, barley. Using in silico method, we identified and subsequently characterized 36 Aux/IAAs from the barley genome. Based on their genomic sequences and the phylogenic relationship with Arabidopsis and rice Aux/IAA, the 36 HvIAAs were categorized into two major groups and 14 subgroups. The indication of the presence or absence of these domains for the biological functions and acting mechanisms was discussed. The cis-element distributions in HvIAA promoters suggests that the HvIAAs expressions may not only regulated by auxin (the presence of AuxREs and TGA-element) but also by other hormones and developmental and environmental cues. We then studied the HvIAAs expression in response to NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Like the promoter analysis, only 14 HvIAAs were upregulated by NAA over two-fold at 4 h. HvIAAs were clustered into three groups based on the spatiotemporal expression data. We confirmed by qRT-PCR that most HvIAAs, especially HvIAA3, HvIAA7, HvIAA8, HvIAA18, HvIAA24 and HvIAA34, are expressed in the developing barley spike compared within seedling, suggesting their roles in regulating spike development. Taken together, our data provide a foundation for further revealing the biological function of these HvIAAs.
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Wang R, Wang X, Liu K, Zhang XJ, Zhang LY, Fan SJ. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Halophyte Zoysia macrostachya in Response to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E458. [PMID: 32260413 PMCID: PMC7238138 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most severe environmental stresses, salt stress can cause a series of changes in plants. In salt tolerant plant Zoysia macrostachya, germination, physiology, and genetic variation under salinity have been studied previously, and the morphology and distribution of salt glands have been clarified. However, no study has investigated the transcriptome of such species under salt stress. In the present study, we compared transcriptome of Z. macrostachya under normal conditions and salt stress (300 mmol/L NaCl, 24 h) aimed to identify transcriptome responses and molecular mechanisms under salt stress in Z. macrostachya. A total of 8703 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 4903 up-regulated and 3800 down-regulated ones. Moreover, a series of molecular processes were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and these processes were suggested to be closely related to salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya. The identified DEGs concentrated on regulating plant growth via plant hormone signal transduction, maintaining ion homeostasis via salt secretion and osmoregulatory substance accumulation and preventing oxidative damage via increasing the activity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging system. These changes may be the most important responses of Z. macrostachya under salt stress. Some key genes related to salt stress were identified meanwhile. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luo-Yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (X.W.); (K.L.); (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (X.W.); (K.L.); (X.-J.Z.)
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Li W, Dang C, Ye Y, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Qian X, Shi J, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Wang T, Chen X, Wang F. Overexpression of Grapevine VvIAA18 Gene Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1323. [PMID: 32075333 PMCID: PMC7072961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins are transcriptional regulators that regulate developmental process and responses to phytohormones and stress treatments. However, the regulatory functions of the Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine) Aux/IAA transcription factor gene VvIAA18 have not been reported. In this study, the VvIAA18 gene was successfully cloned from grapevine. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that VvIAA18 was localized to the nucleus. Expression analysis in yeast showed that the full length of VvIAA18 exhibited transcriptional activation. Salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants and Escherichia. coli was significantly enhanced by VvIAA18 overexpression. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that overexpression of VvIAA18 up-regulated the salt stress-responsive genes, including pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (NtP5CS), late embryogenesis abundant protein (NtLEA5), superoxide dismutase (NtSOD), and peroxidase (NtPOD) genes, under salt stress. Enzymatic analyses found that the transgenic plants had higher SOD and POD activities under salt stress. Meanwhile, component analysis showed that the content of proline in transgenic plants increased significantly, while the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly. Based on the above results, the VvIAA18 gene is related to improving the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. The VvIAA18 gene has the potential to be applied to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Changxi Dang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Zunxin Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Laibao Hu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Xingzhi Qian
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Jiabin Shi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Yanyun Guo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Qing Zhou
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Tailin Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Xinhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Feibing Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.); (T.W.)
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PtrARF2.1 Is Involved in Regulation of Leaf Development and Lignin Biosynthesis in Poplar Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174141. [PMID: 31450644 PMCID: PMC6747521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important regulators modulating the expression of auxin-responsive genes in various biological processes in plants. In the Populus genome, a total of 39 ARF members have been identified, but their detailed functions are still unclear. In this study, six poplar auxin response factor 2 (PtrARF2) members were isolated from P. trichocarpa. Expression pattern analysis showed that PtrARF2.1 is highly expressed in leaf tissues compared with other PtrARF2 genes and significantly repressed by exogenous auxin treatment. PtrARF2.1 is a nuclear-localized protein without transcriptional activation activity. Knockdown of PtrARF2.1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in poplars led to the dwarf plant, altered leaf shape, and reduced size of the leaf blade, while overexpression of PtrARF2.1 resulted in a slight reduction in plant height and the similar leaf phenotype in contrast to the wildtype. Furthermore, histological staining analysis revealed an ectopic deposition of lignin in leaf veins and petioles of PtrARF2.1-RNAi lines. RNA-Seq analysis showed that 74 differential expression genes (DEGs) belonging to 12 transcription factor families, such as NAM, ATAF and CUC (NAC), v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), ethylene response factors (ERF) and basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH), were identified in PtrARF2.1-RNAi leaves and other 24 DEGs were associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Altogether, the data indicate that PtrARF2.1 plays an important role in regulating leaf development and influences the lignin biosynthesis in poplars.
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Lee ZH, Hirakawa T, Yamaguchi N, Ito T. The Roles of Plant Hormones and Their Interactions with Regulatory Genes in Determining Meristem Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164065. [PMID: 31434317 PMCID: PMC6720427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in their meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays a key role in forming all of the aerial structures of plants, including floral meristems (FMs). The FMs subsequently give rise to the floral organs containing reproductive structures. Studies in the past few decades have revealed the importance of transcription factors and secreted peptides in meristem activity using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, imaging, and modeling technologies have allowed us to explore the interplay between transcription factors, secreted peptides, and plant hormones. Two different classes of plant hormones, cytokinins and auxins, and their interaction are particularly important for controlling SAM and FM development. This review focuses on the current issues surrounding the crosstalk between the hormonal and genetic regulatory network during meristem self-renewal and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Hong Lee
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirakawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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Zheng M, Hu M, Yang H, Tang M, Zhang L, Liu H, Li X, Liu J, Sun X, Fan S, Zhang J, Terzaghi W, Pu H, Hua W. Three BnaIAA7 homologs are involved in auxin/brassinosteroid-mediated plant morphogenesis in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:883-897. [PMID: 31011789 PMCID: PMC6647246 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BnaIAA7 crosstalk with BR signaling is mediated by the interaction between BnaARF8 and BnaBZR1 to regulate rapeseed plant morphogenesis. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential regulators of plant morphogenesis. However, their roles in rapeseed have not been reported. Here, we identified an extremely dwarf1 (ed1) mutant of rapeseed that displays reduced stature, short hypocotyls, as well as wavy and curled leaves. We isolated ED1 by map-based cloning, and found that it encodes a protein homologous to AtIAA7. ED1 acts as a repressor of IAA signaling, and IAA induces its degradation through its degron motif. A genomic-synteny analysis revealed that ED1 has four homologs in rapeseed, but two were not expressed. Analyses of transcriptomes and of various mutant BnaIAA7s in transgenic plants revealed that the three expressed BnaIAA7 homologs had diverse expression patterns. ED1/BnaC05.IAA7 predominantly functioned in stem elongation, BnaA05.IAA7 was essential for reproduction, while BnaA03.IAA7 had the potential to reduce plant height. Physical interaction assays revealed that the three BnaIAA7 homologs interacted in different ways with BnaTIRs/AFBs and BnaARFs, which may regulate the development of specific organs. Furthermore, BnaARF8 could directly interact with the BnaIAA7s and BnaBZR1. We propose that BnaIAA7s interact with BR signaling via BnaARF8 and BnaBZR1 to regulate stem elongation in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Maolong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Min Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jinglin Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xingchao Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shihang Fan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
| | - Huiming Pu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Jiang M, Hu H, Kai J, Traw MB, Yang S, Zhang X. Different knockout genotypes of OsIAA23 in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 generating different phenotypes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:467-479. [PMID: 31004275 PMCID: PMC6586719 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated several Osiaa23 rice mutants with different knockout genotypes, resulting in different phenotypes, which suggested that different genetic backgrounds or mutation types influence gene function. The Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) gene family performs critical roles in auxin signal transduction in plants. In rice, the gene OsIAA23 (Os06t0597000) is known to affect development of roots and shoots, but previous knockouts in OsIAA23 have been sterile and difficult for research continuously. Here, we isolate new Osiaa23 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in japonica (Wuyunjing24) and indica (Kasalath) rice, with extensive genome re-sequencing to confirm the absence of off-target effects. In Kasalath, mutants with a 13-amino acid deletion showed profoundly greater dwarfing, lateral root developmental disorder, and fertility deficiency, relative to mutants with a single amino acid deletion, demonstrating that those 13 amino acids in Kasalath are essential to gene function. In Wuyunjing24, we predicted that mutants with a single base-pair frameshift insertion would experience premature termination and strong phenotypic defects, but instead these lines exhibited negligible phenotypic difference and normal fertility. Through RNA-seq, we show here that new mosaic transcripts of OsIAA23 were produced de novo, which circumvented the premature termination and thereby preserved the wild-type phenotype. This finding is a notable demonstration in plants that mutants can mask loss of function CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the target gene through de novo changes in alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huaying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Milton Brian Traw
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sihai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Ke Y, Abbas F, Zhou Y, Yu R, Yue Y, Li X, Yu Y, Fan Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of the Aux/IAA Family Genes Related to Floral Scent Formation in Hedychium coronarium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3235. [PMID: 31266179 PMCID: PMC6651449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays a key role in different plant growth and development processes, including flower opening and development. The perception and signaling of auxin depend on the cooperative action of various components, among which auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins play an imperative role. In a recent study, the entire Aux/IAA gene family was identified and comprehensively analyzed in Hedychium coronarium, a scented species used as an ornamental plant for cut flowers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Aux/IAA gene family in H. coronarium is slightly contracted compared to Arabidopsis, with low levels of non-canonical proteins. Sequence analysis of promoters showed numerous cis-regulatory elements related to various phytohormones. HcIAA genes showed distinct expression patterns in different tissues and flower developmental stages, and some HcIAA genes showed significant responses to auxin and ethylene, indicating that Aux/IAAs may play an important role in linking hormone signaling pathways. Based on the expression profiles, HcIAA2, HcIAA4, HcIAA6 and HcIAA12, were selected as candidate genes and HcIAA2 and HcIAA4 were screened for further characterization. Downregulation of HcIAA2 and HcIAA4 by virus-induced gene silencing in H. coronarium flowers modified the total volatile compound content, suggesting that HcIAA2 and HcIAA4 play important roles in H. coronarium floral scent formation. The results presented here will provide insights into the putative roles of HcIAA genes and will assist the elucidation of their precise roles during floral scent formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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50
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Multiple Auxin-Response Regulators Enable Stability and Variability in Leaf Development. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1746-1759.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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