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Bayhan H, Dogan S, Yilmaz Kardas B, Diken ME, Dirmenci T, Celikler S. Comprehensive antigenotoxic profile of endemic Cirsium steriolepis Petrak extracts against hydrogen peroxide induced toxicity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:3131-3152. [PMID: 39220321 PMCID: PMC11364836 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyto/genotoxicity have been widespread utilized for the safety risk assessment of synthetic/natural chemicals. Plants can protect organisms from harmful effects of xenobiotics. On the other hand, plants can extract toxic molecules from the environment which may disrupt mitosis and cytokinesis. However, the precise role of Cirsium steriolepis during this process is unknown. We showed that steriolepis didn't cause cyto/genotoxicity. Findings showed powerful inhibition in micronucleus formation and they are safe for healthy human lymphocytes in terms of their capacity to generate chromosomal aberrations. They caused significant increases in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) compared to control but they were able to decrease SCE frequency caused by H2O2. Additionally, the antibacterial efficiencies of the samples against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were up to 50% of the effectivity of penicillin/streptomycin. Steriolepis was able to protect the organism from the oxidative damage and didn't affect the normal developmental phases of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Bayhan
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Dogan
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Begumhan Yilmaz Kardas
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Diken
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Dirmenci
- Present Address: Department of Biology Education, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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2
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Üstündağ Ü, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. Comparative analysis of cyto-genotoxicity of zinc using the comet assay and chromosomal abnormality test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34940-0. [PMID: 39261406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity of the trace element zinc (Zn) in Allium cepa L. test material was examined. Toxicity was investigated in terms of physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical aspects. Germination percentage, root length, weight gain, mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) frequency, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and chlorophyll levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, and meristematic cell damage were used as indicators of toxicity. Additionally, the comet test was used to measure the degree of DNA damage. Four groups of A. cepa bulbs-one for control and three for applications-were created. While the bulbs in the treatment groups were germinated with Zn at concentrations of 35, 70, and 140 mg/L, the bulbs in the control group were germinated with tap water. Germination was carried out at room temperature for 72 h and 144 h. When the allotted time was over, the root tips and leaf samples were collected and prepared for spectrophotometric measurements and macroscopic-microscopic examinations. Consequently, Zn treatment led to significant reductions in physiological indicators such as weight gain, root length, and germination percentage. Zn exposure caused genotoxicity by decreasing the MI ratios and increasing the frequency of MN and CAs (p < 0.05). Zn promoted various types of CAs in root tip cells. The most observed of CAs was the sticky chromosome. Depending on the dose, Zn was found to cause an increase in tail lengths in comet analyses, which led to DNA damage. Exposure to Zn led to a significant decrease in chlorophyll levels and an increase in MDA and proline levels. It also promoted significant increases in SOD and CAT enzyme activities up to 70 mg/L dose and statistically significant decreases at 140 mg/L dose. Additionally, Zn exposure caused different types of anatomical damage. The most severe ones are epidermis and cortex cell damage. Besides, it was found that the Zn dose directly relates to all of the increases and decreases in physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical parameters that were seen as a result of Zn exposure. As a result, it has been determined that the Zn element, which is absolutely necessary in trace amounts for the continuation of the metabolic activities of the organisms, can cause toxicity if it reaches excessive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ünal Üstündağ
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
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3
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Fenech M, Holland N, Zeiger E, Chang PW, Kirsch-Volders M, Bolognesi C, Stopper H, Knudsen LE, Knasmueller S, Nersesyan A, Thomas P, Dhillon V, Deo P, Franzke B, Andreassi MG, Laffon B, Wagner KH, Norppa H, da Silva J, Volpi EV, Wilkins R, Bonassi S. Objectives and achievements of the HUMN project on its 26th anniversary. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108511. [PMID: 39233049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a nuclear abnormality that occurs when chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes are not properly segregated during mitosis and consequently are excluded from the main nuclei and wrapped within nuclear membrane to form small nuclei. This maldistribution of genetic material leads to abnormal cellular genomes which may increase risk of developmental defects, cancers, and accelerated aging. Despite the potential importance of MN as biomarkers of genotoxicity, very little was known about the optimal way to measure MN in humans, the normal ranges of values of MN in healthy humans and the prospective association of MN with developmental and degenerative diseases prior to the 1980's. In the early 1980's two important methods to measure MN in humans were developed namely, the cytokinesis-block MN (CBMN) assay using peripheral blood lymphocytes and the Buccal MN assay that measures MN in epithelial cells from the oral mucosa. These discoveries greatly increased interest to use MN assays in human studies. In 1997 the Human Micronucleus (HUMN) project was founded to initiate an international collaboration to (i) harmonise and standardise the techniques used to perform the lymphocyte CBMN assay and the Buccal MN assay; (ii) establish and collate databases of MN frequency in human populations world-wide which also captured demographic, lifestyle and environmental genotoxin exposure data and (iii) use these data to identify the most important variables affecting MN frequency and to also determine whether MN predict disease risk. In this paper we briefly describe the achievements of the HUMN project during the period from the date of its foundation on 9th September 1997 until its 26th Anniversary in 2023, which included more than 200 publications and 23 workshops world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia.
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | | - Peter Wushou Chang
- Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhwa, Taiwan; TUFTS University Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Varinderpal Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Bernhard Franzke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS 92010-000, Brazil; PPGBM, Federal University of Brazil (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Emanuela V Volpi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W6UW, UK.
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada 775 Brookfield Rd, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada.
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome 00166, Italy.
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Butulija S, Šobot AV, Todorović B, Petrović SM, Radovanović Ž, Ilić B, Matović B, Mihailović R, Zarubica A, Zmejkoski D, Tričković JF. Exploring the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of bacterial cellulose-cerium oxide nanoparticles hydrogel: Design, characterization and biomedical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133702. [PMID: 38972659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising natural polymer prized for its biocompatibility, microporosity, transparency, conformability, elasticity, and ability to maintain a moist wound environment while absorbing exudates. These attributes make BC an attractive material in biomedical applications, particularly in skin tissue repair. However, its lack of inherent antimicrobial activity limits its effectiveness. In this study, BC was enhanced by incorporating cerium (IV)-oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, resulting in a series of bacterial cellulose-CeO2 (BC-CeO2) composite materials. Characterization via FESEM, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. Notably, BC-CeO2-1 exhibited no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on peripheral blood lymphocytes, and it additionally protected cells from genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in H2O2-treated cultures. Redox parameters in blood plasma samples displayed concentration and time-dependent trends in PAB and LPP assays. The incorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles also bolstered antimicrobial activity, expanding the potential biomedical applications of these composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Butulija
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Valenta Šobot
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bratislav Todorović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, Serbia.
| | - Sanja M Petrović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, Serbia.
| | - Željko Radovanović
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojana Ilić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Matović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ružica Mihailović
- Veterinary Specialist Institute "Kraljevo", Žička 34, Kraljevo, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Zarubica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Filipović Tričković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Harte DSG, Lynch AM, Verma J, Rees P, Filby A, Wills JW, Johnson GE. A multi-biomarker micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3137-3153. [PMID: 38995349 PMCID: PMC11324684 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Genetic toxicity testing assesses the potential of compounds to cause DNA damage. There are many genetic toxicology screening assays designed to assess the DNA damaging potential of chemicals in early drug development aiding the identification of promising drugs that have low-risk potential for causing genetic damage contributing to cancer risk in humans. Despite this, in vitro tests generate a high number of misleading positives, the consequences of which can lead to unnecessary animal testing and/or the abandonment of promising drug candidates. Understanding chemical Mode of Action (MoA) is vital to identifying the true genotoxic potential of substances and, therefore, the risk translation into the clinic. Here we demonstrate a simple, robust protocol for staining fixed, human-lymphoblast p53 proficient TK6 cells with antibodies against ɣH2AX, p53 and pH3S28 along with DRAQ5™ DNA staining that enables analysis of un-lysed cells via microscopy approaches such as imaging flow cytometry. Here, we used the Cytek® Amnis® ImageStream®X Mk II which provides a high-throughput acquisition platform with the sensitivity of flow cytometry and spatial morphological information associated with microscopy. Using the ImageStream manufacturer's software (IDEAS® 6.2), a masking strategy was developed to automatically detect and quantify micronucleus events (MN) and characterise biomarker populations. The gating strategy developed enables the generation of a template capable of automatically batch processing data files quantifying cell-cycle, MN, ɣH2AX, p53 and pH3 populations simultaneously. In this way, we demonstrate how a multiplex system enables DNA damage assessment alongside MN identification using un-lysed cells on the imaging flow cytometry platform. As a proof-of-concept, we use the tool chemicals carbendazim and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) to demonstrate the assay's ability to correctly identify clastogenic or aneugenic MoAs using the biomarker profiles established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S G Harte
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anthony M Lynch
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jatin Verma
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Filby
- Core Flow Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John W Wills
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - George E Johnson
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
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6
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Kesti S, Macar O, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. Investigation of the protective role of Ginkgo biloba L. against phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by Trifloxystrobin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19937. [PMID: 39198657 PMCID: PMC11358517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Trifloxystrobin (TFS) is a widely used strobilurin class fungicide. Ginkgo biloba L. has gained popularity due to its recognized medicinal and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether Ginkgo biloba L. extract (Gbex) has a protective role against TFS-induced phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage in A. cepa. Different groups were formed from Allium cepa L. bulbs subjected to tap water (control), 200 mg/L Gbex (Gbex1), 400 mg/L Gbex (Gbex2), 0.8 g/L TFS solution (TFS), 200 mg/L Gbex + 0.8 g/L TFS (TFS + Gbex1) and 400 mg/L Gbex + 0.8 g/L TFS (TFS + Gbex2), respectively. The phenolic composition of Gbex and alterations in the morphological, physiological, biochemical, genotoxicity and anatomical parameters were evaluated. Rutin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, gallic acid, taxifolin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid and quercetin were the most prevalent phenolic substances in Gbex. Rooting percentage, root elongation, weight gain, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased by approximately 50%, 85%, 77%, 55% and 70%, respectively, as a result of TFS treatment compared to the control. In the TFS group, the mitotic index fell by 28% compared to the control group, but chromosomal abnormalities, micronuclei frequency and tail DNA percentage increased. Fragment, vagrant chromosome, sticky chromosome, uneven chromatin distribution, bridge, vacuole-containing nucleus, reverse polarization and irregular mitosis were the chromosomal abnormalities observed in the TFS group. The levels of proline (2.17-fold) and malondialdehyde (2.71-fold), as well as the activities of catalase (2.75-fold) and superoxide dismutase (2.03-fold) were increased by TFS in comparison to the control. TFS-provoked meristematic disorders were damaged epidermis and cortex cells, flattened cell nucleus and thickened cortex cell wall. Gbex combined with TFS relieved all these TFS-induced stress signs in a dose-dependent manner. This investigation showed that Gbex can play protective role in A. cepa against the phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by TFS. The results demonstrated that Gbex had this antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential owing to its high phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Kesti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Oksal Macar
- Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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7
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Kiraz A, Eciroglu H, Altin-Celik P, Donmez-Altuntas H. The increased chromosomal DNA damage in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Biotech Histochem 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39092615 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2383960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an inherited autoinflammatory disease. In this study, we aimed to assess chromosomal DNA damage and cell proliferation by using cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of untreated FMF patients carrying M694V and R202Q mutations, which are the most common MEFV gene mutations in Turkish society. The study included 20 untreated FMF patients with M694V and R202Q mutations and 20 healthy individuals of similar age and sex as the control group. Micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) were scored in the obtained bi-nucleated (BN) cells. Additionally, the nuclear division index (NDI) was calculated using the scores of mononuclear, binuclear, and multinuclear cells. We found that MN and NPBs frequencies in FMF patients were significantly higher than in controls, and number of metaphases was significantly lower (respectively, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in NBUDs frequencies and NDI values between FMF patients and controls (p > 0.05). Our study is the first to evaluate FMF patients' lymphocytes using the CBMN-cyt assay, as no previous research has been found in this respect. Increased MN and NPB frequencies may be useful as biomarkers for chromosomal DNA damage, and may indicate a potential for elevated cancer risk in untreated FMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Kiraz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamiyet Eciroglu
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pınar Altin-Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ayhan BS, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Macar O, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K, Özkan B. A comprehensive analysis of royal jelly protection against cypermethrin-induced toxicity in the model organism Allium cepa L., employing spectral shift and molecular docking approaches. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:105997. [PMID: 39084771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity of the pesticide cypermethrin and the protective properties of royal jelly against this toxicity were investigated using Allium cepa L., a model organism. Toxicity was evaluated using 6 mg/L cypermethrin, while royal jelly (250 mg/L and 500 mg/L) was used in combination with cypermethrin to test the protective effect. To comprehend toxicity and protective impact, growth, genotoxicity, biochemical, comet assay and anatomical parameters were employed. Royal jelly had no harmful effects when applied alone. On the other hand, following exposure to cypermethrin, there was a reduction in weight increase, root elongation, rooting percentage, mitotic index (MI), and chlorophyll a and b. Cypermethrin elevated the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), levels of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity rates of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A spectral change in the DNA spectrum indicated that the interaction of cypermethrin with DNA was one of the reasons for its genotoxicity, and molecular docking investigations suggested that tubulins, histones, and topoisomerases might also interact with this pesticide. Cypermethrin also triggered some critical meristematic cell damage in the root tissue. At the same time, DNA tail results obtained from the comet assay revealed that cypermethrin caused DNA fragmentation. When royal jelly was applied together with cypermethrin, all negatively affected parameters due to the toxicity of cypermethrin were substantially restored. However, even at the maximum studied dose of 500 mg/L of royal jelly, this restoration did not reach the levels of the control group. Thus, the toxicity of cypermethrin and the protective function of royal jelly against this toxicity in A. cepa, the model organism studied, were determined by using many different approaches. Royal jelly is a reliable, well-known and easily accessible protective functional food candidate against the harmful effects of hazardous substances such as pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Oksal Macar
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Burak Özkan
- Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, 28049 Giresun, Türkiye
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Bitgen N, Bayram F, Hamurcu Z, Baskol G, Ozturk F, Abdulrezzak U, Donmez-Altuntas H. The effects of iodine 131 treatment on chromosomal and oxidative DNA damage in papillary thyroid carcinoma. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 898:503797. [PMID: 39147446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine cancer with a good prognosis. Radioactive iodine is thought to be useful for individuals who have had a total or almost total thyroidectomy, but its effects are still controversial. The effects of radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) treatment on oxidative and chromosomal damage in PTC patients were examined in this study, which was carried out with 16 patients newly diagnosed with PTC and 20 healthy control subjects with similar age and gender. Blood samples were taken from patients with PTC at five sampling times (before total thyroidectomy, after total thyroidectomy, and seven days, six months, and one year after treatment) and from control subjects. The cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with PTC and controls were evaluated and plasma 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were measured. Furthermore, genome instability and oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes and plasma of patients with PTC were evaluated before total thyroidectomy (n=16), after total thyroidectomy (before I-131 treatment) (n=16), seven days (n=10), six months (n=5), and one year after treatment (n=5). The numbers of CBMN-cyt assay parameters (micronucleus; MN and nucleoplasmic bridges; NPB) and 8-OHdG levels in patients with PTC were determined to be significantly higher than in those of the control subjects and these values significantly decreased after total thyroidectomy (before I-131 treatment). While the number of MN, apoptotic, and necrotic cells increased after I-131 treatment, it significantly decreased after six months and one year after treatment. The results achieved in this study suggest that I-131 treatment may pose a threat to cells and that radioactive iodine therapy should be avoided (if possible) for patients with PTC after total thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmiye Bitgen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fahri Bayram
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gulden Baskol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Figen Ozturk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ummuhan Abdulrezzak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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10
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Massaro L, De Sanctis S, Franchini V, Regalbuto E, Alfano G, Focaccetti C, Benvenuto M, Cifaldi L, Sgura A, Berardinelli F, Marinaccio J, Barbato F, Rossi E, Nardozi D, Masuelli L, Bei R, Lista F. Study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced in human fibroblasts by exposure to pulsed and continuous 1.6 GHz radiofrequency. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1419525. [PMID: 39145180 PMCID: PMC11323689 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1419525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of radiofrequency (RF) sources, ranging from household appliances to telecommunications devices and military equipment, raises concerns among people and regulatory agencies about the potential health risks of RF exposure. Consequently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been done to investigate the biological effects, in particular non-thermal, of this non-ionizing radiation. To date, this issue is still being debated due to the controversial results that have been reported. Furthermore, the impact of different RF signal modulations on biological systems remains poorly investigated. The present in vitro study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of continuous or pulsed 1.6 GHz RF in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Methods HDF cultures were exposed to continuous and pulsed 1.6 GHz RF, for 2 h, with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 0.4 W/kg. The potential biological effects of 1.6 GHz RF on HDF were assessed with a multi-methodological approach, analyzing the effects on cell cycle, ultrastructure, protein expression, mitotic spindle, CREST stained micronuclei, chromosome segregation and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci. Results 1.6 GHz RF exposure modified proteins expression and morphology of HDF. Specifically, the expression of different heat-shock proteins (HSP) (i.e., HSP-90, HSP-60, and HSP-25) and phospho-AKT were affected. In addition, both continuous and pulsed RF modified the cytoskeletal organization in HDF and increased the number of lysosomes, while the formation of autophagosomes was observed only after pulsed RF exposure. Mitotic spindle anomalies were also found after exposure. However, no significant effect was observed on cell cycle, chromosome segregation, CREST-stained micronuclei and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci. Conclusion The results of the present study show the absence of genotoxic damage in 1.6 GHz RF exposed HDF and, although mitotic spindle alterations were observed, they did not have an aneugenic effect. On the other hand, changes in some proteins expression and cell ultrastructure in exposed HDF suggest that RF can potentially induce cell alterations at the morphological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Massaro
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Sanctis
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Franchini
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Regalbuto
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Alfano
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Barbato
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Rossi
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Nardozi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
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11
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Balakin VE, Rozanova OM, Strelnikova NS, Smirnova EN, Belyakova TA. Study of Radiosensitivity and Induction of Radiation Adaptive Response in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Patients with Oncological Diseases Using the Micronuclear Test. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024:10.1134/S1607672924600362. [PMID: 39023669 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672924600362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Radiosensitivity to low and medium doses of X-ray radiation and the ability to induce a radiation adaptive response (RAR) of lymphocytes during in vitro irradiation of peripheral blood of patients with cancer were studied. The criterion for cytogenetic damage was the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin-blocked binucleate lymphocytes in culture. It was found that the spontaneous level of cytogenetic damage in the lymphocytes of patients was 2.6 times higher than in healthy volunteers, and there was also significant interindividual variability in values compared to the control cohort. There were no differences in mean values for radiosensitivity to low and medium doses of X-ray between the study groups. There was no correlation between the spontaneous level of MN in lymphocytes and the radiosensitivity of individuals in both groups. RAR was induced with the same frequency and to the same extent in lymphocytes from both patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Balakin
- Physical-Technical Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Protvino, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - O M Rozanova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - N S Strelnikova
- Physical-Technical Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Protvino, Moscow oblast, Russia.
| | - E N Smirnova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - T A Belyakova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia
- Logunov Institute for High Energy Physics, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute,", Protvino, Moscow oblast, Russia
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12
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Buitrago-Rodríguez MY, Rangel N, Vega-Valderrama JD, Pulido-Medellín M, Rondón-Lagos M. Unraveling chromosomal and genotoxic damage in individuals occupationally exposed to coal from underground mining. Front Genet 2024; 15:1422938. [PMID: 39027885 PMCID: PMC11254797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1422938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Coal mining is a vital sector in Colombia, contributing significantly to the nation's economy and the development of its regions. However, despite its importance, it has led to a gradual decline in the health of mine workers and nearby residents. While the adverse health effects of open-pit coal mining on exposed individuals have been well-documented in Colombia and globally, studies investigating genetic damage in underground coal miners are lacking. Methods The aim of our study was to evaluate chromosomal and genotoxic damage, in peripheral blood samples from a group of underground coal miners and residents of areas exposed to coal, in the town of Samacá, Boyacá-Colombia, and in a group of unexposed individuals by using banding and molecular cytogenetic techniques, as well as cytokinesis block micronucleus assays. Results Our results suggest that occupational exposure to coal induces chromosomal and genotoxic damage in somatic cells of underground coal miners. Chromosomal and genotoxic damage is an important step in carcinogenesis and the development of many other diseases. Our findings provide valuable insights into the effects of coal dust exposure on chromosomal integrity and genetic stability. Conclusion Our pilot study suggests that occupational exposure to coal induces chromosomal damage in underground coal miners, highlighting the importance of validating these findings with a larger sample size. Our results highlight the need to implement prevention and protection measures, as well as educational programs for underground coal miners. Characterizing and estimating exposure risks are extremely important for the safety of people exposed occupationally and environmentally to coal and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Rangel
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan D. Vega-Valderrama
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Martín Pulido-Medellín
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
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13
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Alves F, Andrada HE, Fico BA, Reinaldi JS, Tavares DC, Squarisi IS, Montanha GS, Nuevo LG, de Carvalho HWP, Pérez CA, Molina EF. Facilitating Seed Iron Uptake through Amine-Epoxide Microgels: A Novel Approach to Enhance Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus) Germination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14570-14580. [PMID: 38887997 PMCID: PMC11229000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the initial stages of plant growth by using polymeric gels for seed priming presents a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate a microgel derived from polyetheramine-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and a bisepoxide (referred to as micro-PPO) as a promising alternative to optimize the seed germination process. The micro-PPO integrated with an iron micronutrient showed a positive impact on seed germination compared with control (Fe solutions) in which the root length yield improved up to 39%. Therefore, the element map by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence shows that the Fe intensities in the seed primers with the micro-PPO-Fe gel are about 3-fold higher than those in the control group, leading to a gradual distribution of Fe species through most internal embryo tissues. The use of micro-PPO for seed priming underscores their potential for industrial applications due to the nontoxicity results in zebrafish assays and environmentally friendly synthesis of the water-dispersible monomers employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe
B. Alves
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Heber E. Andrada
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Bruno A. Fico
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Julia S. Reinaldi
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Denise C. Tavares
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Iara S. Squarisi
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sgarbiero Montanha
- Grupo
de Estudo em Fertilizantes Especiais e Nutrição, Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade
de São Paulo, Av.Centerário 303, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Via dei Sardi 70, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Laura G. Nuevo
- Grupo
de Estudo em Fertilizantes Especiais e Nutrição, Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade
de São Paulo, Av.Centerário 303, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Hudson W. P. de Carvalho
- Grupo
de Estudo em Fertilizantes Especiais e Nutrição, Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade
de São Paulo, Av.Centerário 303, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
- Chair
of Soil Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic
University, Lot 660, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Carlos A. Pérez
- Brazilian
Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian
Centre for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, 13083-1000 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Molina
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
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14
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Jurgelėnė Ž, Jagminas A, Montvydienė D, Stankevičiūtė M, Sauliutė G, Pažusienė J, Butrimienė R, Mikalauskaitė A, Jokšas K, Kazlauskienė N, Karabanovas V. Toxicity of different-sized cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2O 4) nanoparticles to Oncorhynchus mykiss at early development stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39735-39747. [PMID: 38833050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
As innovative and versatile agents with potential applications in a wide range of fields including medicine, electronics, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and energy storage devices, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are significant attention. However, our knowledge of the harmful effects of different-sized NPs, particularly of their effects on aquatic animals, is limited. In this study, we evaluated the impact of different-sized (sub-2, 5, and 15 nm) cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs on the biological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos and larvae. The NPs were characterized using techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental analysis, and were tested for impact through a series of toxicity, genotoxicity, and biochemical assays at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The obtained results showed that toxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs depended on the size of NPs and the developmental stage of the fish. Our results, which revealed significant changes in biological parameters of O. mykiss under exposure to CoFe2O4 NPs, imply that these NPs may be not environmentally safe. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that embryos of the control group were clearly separated from those exposed to NPs of various sizes. However, in the exposed larvae, the effects of control and the smallest-sized NPs (sub-2 nm) differed from those induced by larger NPs (5 nm and 15 nm). Additional research is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the observed variations, which would be advantageous for both managing the risk of NPs to humans and advancing the field of aquatic nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živilė Jurgelėnė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3B, 08660, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arūnas Jagminas
- State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Agnė Mikalauskaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko St. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Vitalijus Karabanovas
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3B, 08660, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Av. 11, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Antonopoulou M, Tzamaria A, Pedrosa MFF, Ribeiro ARL, Silva AMT, Kaloudis T, Hiskia A, Vlastos D. Spirulina-based carbon materials as adsorbents for drinking water taste and odor control: Removal efficiency and assessment of cyto-genotoxic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172227. [PMID: 38582104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The sensory quality of drinking water, and particularly its taste and odor (T&O) is a key determinant of consumer acceptability, as consumers evaluate water by their senses. Some of the conventional treatment processes to control compounds which impart unpleasant T&O have limitations because of their low efficiency and/or high costs. Therefore, there is a great need to develop an effective process for removing T&O compounds without secondary concerns. The primary objective of this study was to assess for the first time the effectiveness of spirulina-based carbon materials in removing geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from water, two commonly occurring natural T&O compounds. The efficiency of the materials to remove environmentally relevant concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB (ng L-1) from ultrapure and raw water was investigated using a sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) method. Moreover, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the spirulina-based materials were assessed for the first time to evaluate their safety and their potential in the treatment of water for human consumption. Based on the results, spirulina-based materials were found to be promising for drinking water treatment applications, as they did not exert geno-cytotoxic effects on human cells, while presenting high efficiency in removing GSM and 2-MIB from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Anna Tzamaria
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Marta F F Pedrosa
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R L Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Patr. Gregoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Patr. Gregoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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16
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Elkama A, Şentürk K, Karahalil B. Assessment of genotoxicity biomarkers in gasoline station attendants due to occupational exposure. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:337-351. [PMID: 38597775 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241247089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Gasoline station attendants are exposed to numerous chemicals that might have genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, such as benzene in fuel vapor and particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust emission. According to IARC, benzene and diesel particulates are Group 1 human carcinogens, and gasoline has been classified as Group 2A "possibly carcinogenic to humans." At gas stations, self-service is not implemented in Turkey; fuel-filling service is provided entirely by employees, and therefore they are exposed to those chemicals in the workplace during all working hours. Genetic monitoring of workers with occupational exposure to possible genotoxic agents allows early detection of cancer. We aimed to investigate the genotoxic damage due to exposures in gasoline station attendants in Turkey. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the Comet, chromosomal aberration, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gasoline station attendants (n = 53) had higher tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment values than controls (n = 61). In gasoline station attendants (n = 46), the frequencies of chromatid gaps, chromosome gaps, and total aberrations were higher compared with controls (n = 59). Increased frequencies of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges were determined in gasoline station attendants (n = 47) compared with controls (n = 40). Factors such as age, duration of working, and smoking did not have any significant impact on genotoxic endpoints. Only exposure increased genotoxic damage in gasoline station attendants independently from demographic and clinical characteristics. Occupational exposure-related genotoxicity risk may increase in gasoline station attendants who are chronically exposed to gasoline and various chemicals in vehicle exhaust emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Elkama
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Şentürk
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
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17
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Šobot AV, Janić M, Popović I, Lazarević-Pašti T, Momić T, Krstić A, Tričković JF. Aqueous sage leave extract attenuates inflammation and oxidant-induced genotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:137-146. [PMID: 38963137 PMCID: PMC11223510 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has used sage (Salvia officinalis L.) preparations for centuries to prevent and treat various inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced conditions. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the bioactive properties of a sage leave extract obtained with environmentally friendly aqueous extraction and lyophilisation in primary human peripheral blood cells. To that end we measured the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC, respectively) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Non-cytotoxic concentrations determined with the trypan blue assay were used to assess the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, and PAB assay), antigenotoxic (CBMN assay), immunomodulatory (IL-1β and TNF-α), and neuroprotective effects (AChE inhibition). The extract contained high TPC (162 mg GAE/g of dry extract) and TFC (39.47 mg QE/g of dry extract) concentrations, while β-thujone content was unexpectedly low (below 0.9 %). Strong radical-scavenging activity combined with glutathione reductase activation led to a decrease in basal and H2O2-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. A decrease in TNF-α and increase in IL-1β levels suggest complex immunomodulatory response that could contribute to antioxidant and, together with mild AChE inhibition, neuroprotective effects. Overall, this study has demonstrated that aqueous sage leave extract reduces the levels of thujone, 1,8-cineole, pinene, and terpene ketones that could be toxic in high concentrations, while maintaining high concentrations of biologically active protective compounds which have a potential to prevent and/or treat inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valenta Šobot
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Janić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Popović
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Momić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Krstić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Filipović Tričković
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Barrera LM, Ortiz LD, Grisales HDJ, Camargo M. Survival analysis and associated factors of highgrade glioma patients. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2024; 44:191-206. [PMID: 39088535 PMCID: PMC11374120 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction High-grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and they usually have a quick fatal course. Average survival is 18 months, mainly, because of tumor resistance to Stupp protocol. Objective To determine high-grade glioma patient survival and the effect of persuasion variables on survival. Materials and methods We conducted a longitudinal descriptive study in which 80 untreated recently diagnosed high-grade glioma patients participated. A survey was conducted regarding their exposure to some risk factors, degree of genetic instability in peripheral blood using micronucleus quantification on binuclear lymphocytes, micronuclei in reticulocytes and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes. In the statistical analysis, this study constructed life tables, used the Kaplan-Meier, and the log-rank test, and in the multivariate analysis, a Cox proportional hazards model was constructed. Results Eighty patients' clinical, demographic and lifestyle characteristics were analyzed, as well as their survival rates and the average survival time is 784 days (interquartile range: 928). Factors like age, exposure at work to polycyclic hydrocarbons and the number of sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes in the first sampling was significantly survivalrelated in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion We determined that only three of the analyzed variables have an important effect on survival time when it comes to high-grade glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Marcela Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Escuela Ciencias de la Vida, Programa de Medicina, Universidad EIA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Leon Darío Ortiz
- Instituto de Cancerología, Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Hugo de Jesús Grisales
- Grupo de Investigación Demografía y Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Ibarra-Arellano MA, Caprio LA, Hada A, Stotzem N, Cai L, Shah S, Melms JC, Wünneman F, Izar B, Schapiro D. micronuclAI: Automated quantification of micronuclei for assessment of chromosomal instability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595722. [PMID: 38854106 PMCID: PMC11160592 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that drives metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. CIN results from chromosome mis-segregation events during anaphase, as excessive chromatin is packaged in micronuclei (MN), that can be enumerated to quantify CIN. Despite recent advancements in automation through computer vision and machine learning, the assessment of CIN remains a predominantly manual and time-consuming task, thus hampering important work in the field. Here, we present micronuclAI , a novel pipeline for automated and reliable quantification of MN of varying size, morphology and location from DNA-only stained images. In micronucleAI , single-cell crops are extracted from high-resolution microscopy images with the help of segmentation masks, which are then used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to output the number of MN associated with each cell. The pipeline was evaluated against manual single-cell level counts by experts and against routinely used MN ratio within the complete image. The classifier was able to achieve a weighted F1 score of 0.937 on the test dataset and the complete pipeline can achieve close to human-level performance on various datasets derived from multiple human and murine cancer cell lines. The pipeline achieved a root-mean-square deviation (RMSE) value of 0.0041, an R 2 of 0.87 and a Pearson's correlation of 0.938 on images obtained at 10X magnification. We tested the approach in otherwise isogenic cell lines in which we genetically dialed up or down CIN rates, and also on a publicly available image data set (obtained at 100X) and achieved an RMSE value of 0.0159, an R 2 of 0.90, and a Pearson's correlation of 0.951. Given the increasing interest in developing therapies for CIN-driven cancers, this method provides an important, scalable, and rapid approach to quantifying CIN on routinely obtained images. We release a GUI-implementation for easy access and utilization of the pipeline.
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20
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Ladeira C. The use of effect biomarkers in chemical mixtures risk assessment - Are they still important? MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503768. [PMID: 38821670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Human epidemiological studies with biomarkers of effect play an invaluable role in identifying health effects with chemical exposures and in disease prevention. Effect biomarkers that measure genetic damage are potent tools to address the carcinogenic and/or mutagenic potential of chemical exposures, increasing confidence in regulatory risk assessment decision-making processes. The micronucleus (MN) test is recognized as one of the most successful and reliable assays to assess genotoxic events, which are associated with exposures that may cause cancer. To move towards the next generation risk assessment is crucial to establish bridges between standard approaches, new approach methodologies (NAMs) and tools for increase the mechanistically-based biological plausibility in human studies, such as the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) framework. This paper aims to highlight the still active role of MN as biomarker of effect in the evolution and applicability of new methods and approaches in human risk assessment, with the positive consequence, that the new methods provide a deeper knowledge of the mechanistically-based biology of these endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC, Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon 1990-096, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal.
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21
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Özkan B, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçin E, Acar A. Investigation of multidirectional toxicity induced by high-dose molybdenum exposure with Allium test. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8651. [PMID: 38622233 PMCID: PMC11018863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the multifaceted toxicity induced by high doses of the essential trace element molybdenum in Allium cepa L. was investigated. Germination, root elongation, weight gain, mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), Comet assay, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and anatomical parameters were used as biomarkers of toxicity. In addition, detailed correlation and PCA analyzes were performed for all parameters discussed. On the other hand, this study focused on the development of a two hidden layer deep neural network (DNN) using Matlab. Four experimental groups were designed: control group bulbs were germinated in tap water and application group bulbs were germinated with 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/L doses of molybdenum for 72 h. After germination, root tips were collected and prepared for analysis. As a result, molybdenum exposure caused a dose-dependent decrease (p < 0.05) in the investigated physiological parameter values, and an increase (p < 0.05) in the cytogenetic (except MI) and biochemical parameter values. Molybdenum exposure induced different types of CAs and various anatomical damages in root meristem cells. Comet assay results showed that the severity of DNA damage increased depending on the increasing molybdenum dose. Detailed correlation and PCA analysis results determined significant positive and negative interactions between the investigated parameters and confirmed the relationships of these parameters with molybdenum doses. It has been found that the DNN model is in close agreement with the actual data showing the accuracy of the predictions. MAE, MAPE, RMSE and R2 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the DNN model. Collective analysis of these metrics showed that the DNN model performed well. As a result, it has been determined once again that high doses of molybdenum cause multiple toxicity in A. cepa and the Allium test is a reliable universal test for determining this toxicity. Therefore, periodic measurement of molybdenum levels in agricultural soils should be the first priority in preventing molybdenum toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Özkan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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22
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Řehulka J, Bradík J. Study of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities as in situ biomarkers of genotoxic risk of chemicals in special fish stock in water supply reservoirs. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13909. [PMID: 38151724 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In three water-supply reservoirs in the catchment area of the Odra River (Czech Republic), a special fish stock was monitored for control of health to estimate the mutagenic effect of chemicals. The results contribute to obtaining initial information about the morphology of erythrocyte abnormalities classified in 21 categories in 16 fish species in reservoirs with abundant salmonids (the Morávka Reservoir) or with the prevalence of cyprinids (the Kružberk and Šance Reservoirs), not directly exposed to the adverse environmental effects such as industrial, urban, agricultural and intensive farming activities. The different intensities and prevalence of nuclear abnormalities (NA) and cytoplasmic abnormalities (CA) in fish from the same reservoir habitat show that to be able to obtain an objective view of the genotoxic risk of chemicals, it is necessary to respect the different requirements of the fish for the exploitation of the food available in the biotope and to subject all representatives of piscivorous, omnivorous and benthophagous fishes in the reservoir to cytogenetic analysis. The occurrence of certain categories of erythrocyte abnormalities in diseased fish draws attention to the need to know the state of health of the fish and to employ this knowledge to exclude parasitological, viral and other infectious agents. These results are the first report of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities in native fish. They should serve to check which of the categories examined could be of use in assessing the genotoxic risk in other stagnant and running aquatic ecosystems affected by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Řehulka
- Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bradík
- Mathematical Institute, Silesian University in Opava, Opava, Czech Republic
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23
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Sannino A, Romeo S, Scarfì MR, Pinchera D, Schettino F, Alonzo M, Allocca M, Zeni O. The effect of exposure to radiofrequency LTE signal and coexposure to mitomycin-C in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:97-109. [PMID: 37493434 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the cellular effects of radiofrequency exposure, 1950 MHz, long-term evolution (LTE) signal, administered alone and in combination with mitomycin-C (MMC), a well-known cytotoxic agent. Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells were exposed/sham exposed in a waveguide-based system under strictly controlled conditions of both electromagnetic and environmental parameters, at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.3 and 1.25 W/kg. Chromosomal damage (micronuclei formation), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS] formation), and cell cycle progression were analyzed after exposure and coexposure. No differences between exposed samples and sham-controls were detected following radiofrequency exposure alone, for all the experimental conditions tested and biological endpoints investigated. When radiofrequency exposure was followed by MMC treatment, 3 h pre-exposure did not modify MMC-induced micronuclei. Pre-exposure of 20 h at 0.3 W/kg did not modify the number of micronuclei induced by MMC, while 1.25 W/kg resulted in a significant reduction of MMC-induced damage. Absence of effects was also detected when CW was used, at both SAR levels. MMC-induced ROS formation resulted significantly decreased at both SAR levels investigated, while cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were not affected by coexposures. The results here reported provide no evidence of direct effects of 1950 MHz, LTE signal. Moreover, they further support our previous findings on the capability of radiofrequency pre-exposure to induce protection from a subsequent toxic treatment, and the key role of the modulated signals and the experimental conditions adopted in eliciting the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Romeo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Pinchera
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering "Maurizio Scarano" (DIEI), University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Schettino
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering "Maurizio Scarano" (DIEI), University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Mario Alonzo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Zeni
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Naples, Italy
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24
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Gajski G, Kašuba V, Milić M, Gerić M, Matković K, Delić L, Nikolić M, Pavičić M, Rozgaj R, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kopjar N. Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503749. [PMID: 38575251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.3±4.3 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 0.7±1.3 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.1±3.2. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 850 individual values, was 14 MNi, 3 NPBs, and 9 NBUDs. Results from our database also showed an association of the tested genomic instability parameters with age and sex but also with other lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering several anthropometric and lifestyle factors when conducting biomonitoring studies. Overall, the normal and cut-off values attained here present normal values for the general population that can later serve as baseline values for further human biomonitoring studies either in Croatia or worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Delić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Odhiambo DA, Pittman AN, Rickard AG, Castillo RJ, Bassil AM, Chen J, Ravotti ML, Xu ES, Himes JE, Daniel AR, Watts TL, Williams NT, Luo L, Kirsch DG, Mowery YM. Preclinical Evaluation of the ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 as a Radiosensitizer for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1315-1327. [PMID: 38104870 PMCID: PMC11294978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite aggressive multimodal treatment that typically includes definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), locoregional recurrence rates approach 50% for patients with locally advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thus, more effective therapeutics are needed to improve patient outcomes. We evaluated the radiosensitizing effects of ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) inhibitor (ATRi) BAY 1895344 in preclinical models of HNSCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Murine and human HPV-negative HNSCC cells (MOC2, MOC1, JHU-012) were treated with vehicle or ATRi with or without 4 Gy. Checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation and DNA damage (γH2AX) were evaluated by Western blot, and ATRi half-maximal inhibitory concentration was determined by MTT assay for HNSCC cells and immortalized murine oral keratinocytes. In vitro radiosensitization was tested by clonogenic assay. Cell cycle distribution and mitotic catastrophe were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mitotic aberrations were quantified by fluorescent microscopy. Tumor growth delay and survival were assessed in mice bearing MOC2 or JHU-012 transplant tumors treated with vehicle, ATRi, RT (10 Gy × 1 or 8 Gy × 3), or combined ATRi + RT. RESULTS ATRi caused dose-dependent reduction in checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation at 1 hour post-RT (4 Gy) and dose-dependent increase in γH2AX at 18 hours post-RT. Addition of RT to ATRi led to decreased BAY 1895344 half-maximal inhibitory concentration in HNSCC cell lines but not in normal tissue surrogate immortalized murine oral keratinocytes. Clonogenic assays demonstrated radiosensitization in the HNSCC cell lines. ATRi abrogated the RT-induced G2/M checkpoint, leading to mitosis with unrepaired DNA damage and increased mitotic aberrations (multinucleated cells, micronuclei, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges). ATRi and RT significantly delayed tumor growth in MOC2 and JHU-012 in vivo models, with improved overall survival in the MOC2 model. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that BAY 1895344 increased in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity in HPV-negative HNSCC preclinical models, suggesting therapeutic potential warranting evaluation in clinical trials for patients with locally advanced or recurrent HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashlyn G Rickard
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | - Joshua Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University
| | - Madison L Ravotti
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
| | - Eric S Xu
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
| | | | | | - Tammara L Watts
- Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University
| | | | - Lixia Luo
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
| | - David G Kirsch
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology and Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto
| | - Yvonne M Mowery
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
- Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University
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26
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Stavropoulou LS, Efthimiou I, Giova L, Manoli C, Sinou PS, Zografidis A, Lamari FN, Vlastos D, Dailianis S, Antonopoulou M. Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cyto-Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Potential of Salvia verticillata Hydromethanolic Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38475577 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study comprises the phytochemical characterization, the evaluation of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), and the investigation of the cyto-genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of hydromethanolic extract derived from Salvia verticillata L. leaves. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and HPLC-DAD were used for the characterization of the extract and determination of the major ingredients. Afterwards, the TPC and AA were determined. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the extract on cultured human lymphocytes at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg mL-1 was investigated via the Cytokinesis Block MicroNucleus (CBMN) assay. Moreover, its antigenotoxic potential against the mutagenic agent mitomycin C (MMC) was assessed using the same assay. The hydromethanolic extract comprises numerous metabolites, with rosmarinic acid being the major compound. It had a high value of TPC and exerted significant AA as shown by the results of the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Radical Scavenging Activity by DPPH• assays. A dose-dependent cytotoxic potential was recorded, with the highest dose (50 μg mL-1) exhibiting statistically significant cytotoxicity. None of the tested concentrations induced significant micronuclei (MN) frequencies, indicating a lack of genotoxicity. All tested concentrations reduced the MMC-mediated genotoxic effects, with the two lowest showing statistically significant antigenotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini S Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Lambrini Giova
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Manoli
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Paraskevi S Sinou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aris Zografidis
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini N Lamari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, GR-30131 Agrinio, Greece
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27
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Talbot EJ, Joshi L, Thornton P, Dezfouli M, Tsafou K, Perkinton M, Khoronenkova S. cGAS-STING signalling regulates microglial chemotaxis in genome instability. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1188-1206. [PMID: 38084916 PMCID: PMC10853792 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA damage signalling and repair is a hallmark of age-related and genetic neurodegenerative disease. One mechanism implicated in disease progression is DNA damage-driven neuroinflammation, which is largely mediated by tissue-resident immune cells, microglia. Here, we utilise human microglia-like cell models of persistent DNA damage and ATM kinase deficiency to investigate how genome instability shapes microglial function. We demonstrate that upon DNA damage the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING axis drives chronic inflammation and a robust chemokine response, exemplified by production of CCL5 and CXCL10. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that cell migratory pathways were highly enriched upon IFN-β treatment of human iPSC-derived microglia, indicating that the chemokine response to DNA damage mirrors type I interferon signalling. Furthermore, we find that STING deletion leads to a defect in microglial chemotaxis under basal conditions and upon ATM kinase loss. Overall, this work provides mechanistic insights into cGAS-STING-dependent neuroinflammatory mechanisms and consequences of genome instability in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisha Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Thornton
- Neuroscience, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mahya Dezfouli
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Tsafou
- Department of Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Çobanoğlu H, Çayır A. Occupational exposure to radiation among health workers: Genome integrity and predictors of exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 893:503726. [PMID: 38272632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate genomic instabilities in healthcare workers who may experience varying levels of radiation exposure through various radiological procedures. It also sought to determine if factors related to the work environment and dosimeter reading could effectively explain the observed genomic instabilities. Utilizing the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) on peripheral blood lymphocytes, we assessed a spectrum of genomic aberrations, including nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), nuclear budding (NBUD), micronucleus (MN) formation, and total DNA damage (TDD). The study uncovered a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of distinct DNA anomalies among radiology workers (with a significance level of P < 0.0001 for all measurements). Notably, parameters such as total working hours, average work duration, and time spent in projection radiography exhibited significant correlations with MN and TDD levels in these workers. The dosimeter readings demonstrated a positive correlation with the frequency of NPB and NBUD, indicating a substantial association between radiation exposure and these two genomic anomalies. Our multivariable models identified the time spent in projection radiography as a promising parameter for explaining the overall genomic instability observed in these professionals. Thus, while dosimeters alone may not fully explain elevated total DNA damage, intrinsic work environment factors hold potential in indicating exposure levels for these individuals, providing a complementary approach to monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey.
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29
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Campos Gudiño R, Rutherford KA, McManus KJ. Evaluating Chromosome Instability and Genotoxicity Through Single Cell Quantitative Imaging Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:309-331. [PMID: 38913318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Across eukaryotes, genome stability is essential for normal cell function, physiology, and species survival. Aberrant expression of key genes or exposure to genotoxic agents can have detrimental effects on genome stability and contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Chromosome instability (CIN), or ongoing changes in chromosome complements, is a frequent form of genome instability observed in cancer and is a driver of genetic and cell-to-cell heterogeneity that can be rapidly detected and quantitatively assessed using surrogate markers of CIN. For example, single cell quantitative imaging microscopy (QuantIM) can be used to simultaneously identify changes in nuclear areas and micronucleus formation. While changes in nuclear areas are often associated with large-scale changes in chromosome complements (i.e., ploidy), micronuclei are small extra-nuclear bodies found outside the primary nucleus that have previously been employed as a measure of genotoxicity of test compounds. Here, we present a facile QuantIM approach that allows for the rapid assessment and quantification of CIN associated phenotypes and genotoxicity. First, we provide protocols to optimize and execute CIN and genotoxicity assays. Secondly, we present the critical imaging settings, optimization steps, downstream statistical analyses, and data visualization strategies employed to obtain high quality and robust data. These approaches can be easily applied to assess the prevalence of CIN associated phenotypes and genotoxic stress for a myriad of experimental and clinical contexts ranging from direct tests to large-scale screens of various genetic contexts (i.e., aberrant gene expression) or chemical compounds. In summary, this QuantIM approach facilitates the identification of novel CIN genes and/or genotoxic agents that will provide greater insight into the aberrant genes and pathways underlying CIN and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Campos Gudiño
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kailee A Rutherford
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Skrodenytė-Arbačiauskienė V, Butrimienė R, Kalnaitytė-Vengelienė A, Bagdonas S, Montvydienė D, Stankevičiūtė M, Sauliutė G, Jokšas K, Kazlauskienė N, Karitonas R, Matviienko N, Jurgelėnė Ž. A multiscale study of the effects of a diet containing CdSe/ZnS-COOH quantum dots on Salmo trutta fario L.: Potential feed-related nanotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167696. [PMID: 37827305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) receive widespread attention in industrial and biomedical fields, but the risks posed by the use of nanoparticles to aquatic organisms and the associated toxicological effects are still not well understood. In this study, effects of the 7-day dietary exposure of Salmo trutta fario L. juveniles to CdSe/ZnS-COOH QDs were evaluated at molecular, cellular, physiological and whole-organism levels. Fish feeding with QDs-contaminated feed resulted in an increased somatic index of the liver, a genotoxic effect on peripheral blood erythrocytes, altered enzyme activity and decreased MDA level. Furthermore, Cd levels in the gills and liver tissues of the exposed fish were found to be significantly higher than in those of the control fish. Alpha diversity indexes of the gut microbiota of the QDs-exposed S. trutta fario L. individuals exhibited a decreasing trend. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the gut microbiota of the control fish was significantly different from that of the fish exposed to QDs (p < 0.05). Additionally, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) performed using an effect size (LEfSe) algorithm unveiled 19 significant taxonomic differences at different taxonomic levels between the control group and the QDs-exposed group. In the QDs-exposed group, the relative abundance of the genus Citrobacter (Proteobacteria phylum) in the gut microbiota was found to be significantly increased whereas that of the genus Mycoplasma (Tenericutes phylum) significantly decreased compared to the control group. In summary, QDs-contaminated diet affects the gut microbiota of fish by significantly changing the relative abundance of some taxa, potentially leading to dysbiosis. This, together with morphophysiological, cytogenetic and biochemical changes, poses a risk to fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Butrimienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Kalnaitytė-Vengelienė
- Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 9, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 9, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania
| | - Danguolė Montvydienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nijolė Kazlauskienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Karitonas
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Nataliia Matviienko
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania; NAAS Institute of Fisheries, Obukhivska str. 135, Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Živilė Jurgelėnė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius LT-08412, Lithuania.
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31
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Liu S, Guan L, Peng C, Cheng Y, Cheng H, Wang F, Ma M, Zheng R, Ji Z, Cui P, Ren Y, Li L, Shi C, Wang J, Huang X, Cai X, Qu D, Zhang H, Mao Z, Liu H, Wang P, Sha W, Yang H, Wang L, Ge B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses host DNA repair to boost its intracellular survival. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1820-1836.e10. [PMID: 37848028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) triggers distinct changes in macrophages, resulting in the formation of lipid droplets that serve as a nutrient source. We discover that Mtb promotes lipid droplets by inhibiting DNA repair responses, resulting in the activation of the type-I IFN pathway and scavenger receptor-A1 (SR-A1)-mediated lipid droplet formation. Bacterial urease C (UreC, Rv1850) inhibits host DNA repair by interacting with RuvB-like protein 2 (RUVBL2) and impeding the formation of the RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RAD51 DNA repair complex. The suppression of this repair pathway increases the abundance of micronuclei that trigger the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and subsequent interferon-β (IFN-β) production. UreC-mediated activation of the IFN-β pathway upregulates the expression of SR-A1 to form lipid droplets that facilitate Mtb replication. UreC inhibition via a urease inhibitor impaired Mtb growth within macrophages and in vivo. Thus, our findings identify mechanisms by which Mtb triggers a cascade of cellular events that establish a nutrient-rich replicative niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Liru Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yuanna Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Mingtong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yefei Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Liru Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chenyue Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xia Cai
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Di Qu
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China; Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
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32
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Sauliutė G, Makaras T, Pažusienė J, Valskienė R, Bučaitė A, Markuckas A, Markovskaja S, Stankevičiūtė M. A comparative analysis of multi-biomarker responses to environmental stress: Evaluating differences in landfill leachate and pathogenic oomycete effects between wild and captive Salmo trutta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165420. [PMID: 37433333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is one of the major means by which organisms can manage with environmental factor changes. Captivity-related stress and artificial rearing settings have been shown to dramatically alter fish response plasticity in terms of physiology, behavior, and health, potentially reducing overall fitness and fish survival. Understanding the variations in plasticity between captive-bred (kept in a homogenous environment) and wild fish populations in response to varied environmental pressures is becoming increasingly important, particularly in risk assessment research. In this study, we investigated whether captive-bred trout (Salmo trutta) are more susceptible to stress stimuli than their wild counterparts. In both wild and captive-bred trout, we investigated a battery of biomarkers that depicts the effects at various levels of biological organization in response to landfill leachate as a chemical pollutant, and after exposure to pathogenic oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica. According to the findings, wild trout were more susceptible to chemical stimuli based on cytogenetic damage and catalase activity changes, whereas captive-bred trout were more sensitive to biological stress as evidenced by changes in overall fish activity and increasing cytogenetic damage in gills erythrocytes. Our findings emphasize the significance of exercising caution when conducting risk assessments of environmental pollutants using captive-bred animals, especially when seeking to extrapolate hazards and better understand the consequences of environmental contamination on wild fish populations. Additional comparative studies are required to investigate the impact of environmental stressors on multi-biomarker responses in both wild and captive fish populations in order to uncover changes in the plasticity of various traits that can result in adaptation or maladaptation to environmental stimuli within these fish populations, affecting data comparability and transferability to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Sauliutė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Tomas Makaras
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Valskienė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Bučaitė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Markuckas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Markovskaja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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33
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Sharma K, Koundal S, Chadha P, Saini HS. Assessment of textile industry effluent (untreated and microbially treated) induced genotoxic, haematological, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in fresh water fish Channa punctata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112086-112103. [PMID: 37824055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The unregulated expulsion of untreated textile water into water bodies is a major hazard to aquatic ecosystems. The present investigation was contrived to estimate the impact of textile dye bath effluent (untreated and microbially treated) on fish Channa punctata. Untreated effluent-exposed fish showed extremely altered behaviour (air gulping, erratic and speedy movements, increased opercular activity) and morphology (deposition of dyes on skin and scales, high pigmentation, mucus exudation). Significantly increased micronuclei (1.61-, 1.28-, 1.38-fold) and aberrant cell frequency (1.37-, 1.45-, 1.28-fold) was observed in untreated group as compared to treated group after 15, 30, and 45 days of exposure. Tail length, % tail intensity, tail moment and olive tail moment were also enhanced in all the exposed tissues. However, maximum damage was noticed in gill tissues showing 1.19-, 1.37-, 1.34- and 1.50-fold increased TL, %TI, TM and OTM in untreated group as compared to treated group after 45 days of exposure. On comparing untreated and treated groups, increased blood parameters and significantly reduced white blood cell count (WBC) were noticed in treated group. Significantly enhanced alterations in biochemical parameters were also analysed in untreated group. Reduced alterations in enzymological levels of fishes exposed to treated effluent indicate lesser toxic nature of the degraded metabolites of dye. Histological analysis in fishes exposed to untreated effluent showed several deformities in liver (necrosis, congestion, fusion of cells and melanomacrophage infiltration) and gill tissues (necrosis, bending of lamellae and severe aneurysm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis further reaffirmed the pathologies observed in histological analysis. Fewer structural alterations were noticed in treated effluent fishes. The results concluded that untreated effluent inflicted toxicity potential on morphology as well as physiological defects in fish, and the severity increased with increasing duration of exposure, whereas reduction in toxicity in microbially treated groups can be analysed for aquacultural purposes owing to their lesser toxic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Satish Koundal
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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34
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di Vito R, Acito M, Fatigoni C, Schiesser CH, Davies MJ, Mangiavacchi F, Villarini M, Santi C, Moretti M. Genotoxicity assessment of 1,4-anhydro-4-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal) in human liver HepG2 and HepaRG cells. Toxicology 2023; 499:153663. [PMID: 37924933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Anhydro-4-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal) is a highly water-soluble selenosugar with interesting antioxidant and skin-tissue-repair properties; it is highly stable in simulated gastric and gastrointestinal fluids and is a potential pharmaceutical ingredient that may be administered orally. Hepatic toxicity is often a major problem with novel drugs and can result in drug withdrawal from the market. Predicting hepatotoxicity is therefore essential to minimize late failure in the drug-discovery process. Herein, we report in vitro studies to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SeTal in HepG2 and hepatocyte-like differentiated HepaRG cells. Except for extremely high concentrations (10 mM, 68 h-treatment in HepG2), SeTal did not affect the viability of each cell type. While the highest examined concentrations (0.75 and 1 mM in HepG2; 1 mM in HepaRG) were observed to induce primary DNA damage, SeTal did not exhibit clastogenic or aneugenic activity toward either HepG2 or HepaRG cells. Moreover, no significant cytostasis variations were observed in any experiment. The clearly negative results observed in the CBMN test suggest that SeTal might be used as a potential active pharmaceutical ingredient. The present study will be useful for the selection of non-toxic concentrations of SeTal in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella di Vito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carl H Schiesser
- Seleno Therapeutics Pty. Ltd., Brighton East, Victoria 3187, Australia.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Seleno Therapeutics Pty. Ltd., Brighton East, Victoria 3187, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Francesca Mangiavacchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Pehlivan ÖC, Cavuşoğlu K, Yalçin E, Acar A. In silico interactions and deep neural network modeling for toxicity profile of methyl methanesulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117952-117969. [PMID: 37874518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity induced by the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in Allium cepa L. was investigated. For this aim, bulbs were divided into 4 groups as control and application (100, 500 and 4000 µM MMS) and germinated for 72 h at 22-24 °C. At the end of the germination period root tips were collected and made ready for analysis by applying traditional preparation methods. Germination, root elongation, weight, mitotic index (MI) values, micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormality (CAs) numbers, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and anatomical structures of bulbs were used as indicators to determine toxicity. Moreover the extent of DNA fragmentation induced by MMS was determined by comet assay. To confirm the DNA fragmentation induced by MMS, the DNA-MMS interaction was examined with molecular docking. Correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to examine the relationship between all parameters and understand the underlying structure and relationships among these parameters. In the present study, a deep neural network (DNN) with two hidden layers implemented in Matlab has been developed for the comparison of the estimated data with the real data. The effect of MDA levels, SOD and CAT activities at 4 different endpoints resulting from administration of various concentrations of MMS, including MN, MI, CAs and DNA damage, was attempted to be estimated by DNN model. It is assumed that the predicted results are in close agreement with the actual data. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using 4 different metrics, MAE, MAPE, RMSE and R2, which together show that the model performs commendably. As a result, the highest germination, root elongation, weight gain and MI were measured in the control group. MMS application caused a decrease in all physiological parameters and an increase in cytogenetic (except MI) and biochemical parameters. MMS application caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and CAT) up to a concentration of 500 µM and a decrease at 4000 µM. MMS application induced different types of CAs and anatomical damages in root meristem cells. The results of the comet assay showed that the severity of DNA fragmentation increased with increasing MMS concentration. Molecular docking analysis showed a strong DNA-MMS interaction. The results of correlation and PCA revealed significant positive and negative interactions between the studied parameters and confirmed the interactions of these parameters with MMS. It has been shown that the DNN model developed in this study is a valuable resource for predicting genotoxicity due to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In addition, this model has the potential to help evaluate the genotoxicity status of various chemical compounds. At the end of the study, it was concluded that MMS strongly supports a versatile toxicity in plant cells and the selected parameters are suitable indicators for determining this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Can Pehlivan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Kültiğin Cavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye
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36
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Muzaffar I, Jabeen G, Kanwal Z, Manzoor F. Evaluation of cyto-genotoxicity biomarkers, changes in histology and antioxidant defense system of Oreochromis niloticus induced by the industrial effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104309. [PMID: 37924962 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution mainly by industrial effluents has been a major concern since a few decades. The current study evaluated cyto-genotoxicity of industrial effluents on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal levels by hematotoxicity, blood biochemistry analysis, micronucleus assay, antioxidants and cerebral toxicity. The significant elevation in differential leukocytes of exposed fish was indicative of infections and compromised immune system. The acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused significant decline in aspartame transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and renal function enzymes. Necrosis, hyperplastic growth, hypertrophy and toxicant accumulation exhibited cerebral toxicity potential of industrial toxicants. A significant decrease in antioxidants, GSH, SOD and catalase (0.14, 0.66 and 1549 unit/mg protein) in chronic exposure group in comparison to 0.18, 2.83, 7680 and 6200.8 values of GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT, respectively. Results showed that acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused genotoxicity with higher frequencies of formation of micronuclei and cytokaryotic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Muzaffar
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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37
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Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė E, Jokšas K, Stakėnienė R, Rybakovas A, Nalivaikienė R, Višinskienė G, Arbačiauskas K. Pollution patterns and their effects on biota within lotic and lentic freshwater ecosystems: How well contamination and response indicators correspond? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122294. [PMID: 37544404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often severely polluted with chemical substances of anthropogenic origin, which can pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, patterns and sources of heavy metals (HMs, 6 metals) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 16 hydrocarbons), contamination indicators, environmental genotoxicity measures and metrics of ecological status in lotic and lentic ecosystems were collated for the first time. Chemical analysis has confirmed previously reported long-term contamination at certain study sites. The sediments of Lake Talkša, located in a city and characterized by exclusive anthropogenic pressure, exhibited the highest levels of contamination by both HMs and PAHs. Through positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, vehicle and industrial emissions were identified as the primary sources of HMs and PAHs. Our results revealed that frequencies of genotoxic aberrations were higher in river sites compared to lakes, with the highest genotoxic risk observed in the Nemunas River below industrial cities Alytus and Kaunas. Surprisingly, even the severely contaminated Lake Talkša showed only a "moderate" grade of genotoxic risk, highlighting the potential for adaptation of biota to long-term contamination especially in lentic ecosystems. The ecological quality status assessed by macroinvertebrate metrics, which may be sensitive to observed high biological contamination, appeared to be unrelated to contamination patterns. Consequently, to obtain the robust information on anthropogenic contamination and its effects, a combination of various assessment methods and metrics should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rimutė Stakėnienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Reda Nalivaikienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Kęstutis Arbačiauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, LT- 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Zarcone G, Lenski M, Martinez T, Talahari S, Simonin O, Garçon G, Allorge D, Nesslany F, Lo-Guidice JM, Platel A, Anthérieu S. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products and Conventional Cigarettes on the Generation of Oxidative Stress and Genetic and Epigenetic Lesions in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:847. [PMID: 37888697 PMCID: PMC10611330 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cig) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are often used as smoking cessation aids, while the harm reduction effects of these alternatives to cigarettes are still the subject of controversial debate, in particular regarding their carcinogenic potential. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of e-cig, HTP and conventional cigarette emissions on the generation of oxidative stress and genetic and epigenetic lesions in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Our results show that HTP were less cytotoxic than conventional cigarettes while e-cig were not substantially cytotoxic in BEAS-2B cells. E-cig had no significant effect on the Nrf2 pathway, whereas HTP and cigarettes increased the binding activity of Nrf2 to antioxidant response elements and the expression of its downstream targets HMOX1 and NQO1. Concordantly, only HTP and cigarettes induced oxidative DNA damage and significantly increased DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations. Neither histone modulations nor global DNA methylation changes were found after acute exposure, regardless of the type of emissions. In conclusion, this study reveals that HTP, unlike e-cig, elicit a biological response very similar to that of cigarettes, but only after a more intensive exposure: both tobacco products induce cytotoxicity, Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress and genetic lesions in human epithelial pulmonary cells. Therefore, the health risk of HTP should not be underestimated and animal studies are required in order to determine the tumorigenic potential of these emerging products.
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Kanagaraj K, Phillippi MA, Narayan P, Szolc B, Perrier JR, McLane A, Wolden SL, Barker CA, Wang Q, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency in the Peripheral Blood of Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Fractionated Total Body Irradiation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:121-130. [PMID: 37793357 PMCID: PMC10946645 DOI: 10.1159/000534433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established method for assessing chromosome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes resulting from exposure to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to measure cytogenetic DNA damage and hematology parameters in vivo based on MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from adult and pediatric leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by total body irradiation (TBI) as part of the conditioning regimen. CBMN assay cultures were prepared from fresh blood samples collected before and at 4 and 24 h after the start of TBI, corresponding to doses of 1.25 Gy and 3.75 Gy, respectively. For both age groups, there was a significant increase in MN yields with increasing dose (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in the nuclear division index (NDI; p < 0.0001). In the pre-radiotherapy samples, there was a significantly higher NDI measured in the pediatric cohort compared to the adult due to an increase in the percentage of tri- and quadri-nucleated cells scored. Complete blood counts with differential recorded before and after TBI at the 24-h time point showed a rapid increase in neutrophil (p = 0.0001) and decrease in lymphocyte (p = 0.0006) counts, resulting in a highly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 14.45 ± 1.85 after 3.75 Gy TBI (pre-exposure = 4.62 ± 0.49), indicating a strong systemic inflammatory response. Correlation of the hematological cell subset counts with cytogenetic damage, indicated that only the lymphocyte subset survival fraction (after TBI compared with before TBI) showed a negative correlation with increasing MN frequency from 0 to 1.25 Gy (r = -0.931; p = 0.007). Further, the data presented here indicate that the combination of CBMN assay endpoints (MN frequency and NDI values) and hematology parameters could be used to assess cytogenetic damage and early hematopoietic injury in the peripheral blood of leukemia patients, 24 h after TBI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Kanagaraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A. Phillippi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratyush Narayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Szolc
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda McLane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Wolden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A. Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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da Silva MF, de Lima LVA, de Oliveira LM, Semprebon SC, Silva NDO, de Aguiar AP, Mantovani MS. Regulation of cytokinesis and necroptosis pathways by diosgenin inhibits the proliferation of NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 330:122033. [PMID: 37598976 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim Overcoming resistance to apoptosis and antimitotic chemotherapy is crucial for effective treatment of lung cancer. Diosgenin (DG), a promising phytochemical, can regulate various molecular pathways implicated in tumor formation and progression. However, the precise biological activity of DG in lung cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative activity of DG in NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells to explore the underlying antimitotic mechanisms and alternative cell death pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 2D culture system, we analyzed cell viability, multinucleated cell frequency, cell concentration, cell cycle changes, cell death induction, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nuclear DNA damage, particularly in relation to target gene expression. We also evaluated the antiproliferative activity of DG in a 3D culture system of spheroids, assessing volume changes, cell death induction, and inhibition of proliferation recovery and clonogenic growth. KEY FINDINGS DG reduced cell viability and concentration while increasing the frequency of cells with multiple nuclei, particularly binucleated cells resulting from daughter cell fusion. This effect was associated with genes involved in cytokinesis regulation (RAB35, OCRL, BIRC5, and AURKB). Additionally, DG-induced cell death was linked to necroptosis, as evidenced by increased intracellular ROS production and RIPK3, MLKL, TRAF2, and HSPA5 gene expression. In tumor spheroids, DG increased spheroid volume, induced cell death, and inhibited proliferation recovery and clonogenic growth. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides new insights into the biological activities of DG in lung cancer cells, contributing to the development of novel oncological therapies.
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Akuwudike P, López-Riego M, Dehours C, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Impact of fractionated cisplatin and radiation treatment on cell growth and accumulation of DNA damage in two normal cell types differing in origin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14891. [PMID: 37689722 PMCID: PMC10492820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the impact of chemotherapy on radiotherapy-induced second malignant neoplasms is controversial. We estimated how cisplatin modulates the in vitro response of two normal cell types to fractionated radiation. AHH-1 lymphoblasts and VH10 fibroblasts were irradiated at 1 Gy/fraction 5 and 3 times per week during 12 and 19 days, respectively, and simultaneously treated with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.7 and 3.3 µM of cisplatin twice a week. Cell growth during treatment was monitored. Cell growth/cell death and endpoints related to accumulation of DNA damage and, thus, carcinogenesis, were studied up to 21 days post treatment in cells exposed to radiation and the lowest cisplatin doses. Radiation alone significantly reduced cell growth. The impact of cisplatin alone below 3.3 µM was minimal. Except the lowest dose of cisplatin in VH10 cells, cisplatin reduced the inhibitory effect of radiation on cell growth. Delayed cell death was highest in the combination groups while the accumulation of DNA damage did not reveal a clear pattern. In conclusion, fractionated, concomitant exposure to radiation and cisplatin reduces the inhibitory effect of radiation on cell proliferation of normal cells and does not potentiate delayed effects resulting from accumulation of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cloé Dehours
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Polytech Angers l École d'Ingénieurs, Angers, France
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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Kiranatlioglu-Firat F, Demir H, Cuce I, Altın-Celik P, Eciroglu H, Bayram F, Donmez-Altuntas H. Increased oxidative and chromosomal DNA damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: its role in pathogenesis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1721-1728. [PMID: 36441439 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased DNA damage has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, but controlled studies are lacking in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Therefore, we assessed oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, chromosomal DNA damage, cell proliferation and cell death in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with AS as well as the possible role of DNA damage in the development of the disease. In total, 25 newly diagnosed AS patients who had not received anti-inflammatory agents and 25 healthy controls were recruited. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and chromosomal DNA damage was assessed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) method. Compared to controls, the micronucleus (MN) frequencies, nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) frequencies, nuclear bud (NBUD) frequencies, apoptotic cell frequencies, necrotic cell frequencies and plasma 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in patients with AS (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively), and the metaphase cell numbers, binucleated (BN) cell frequencies and nuclear division index (NDI) values were significantly lower in patients with AS (p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Thus, the present findings suggested that oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, and chromosomal DNA damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS similar to other chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, the increased plasma 8-OHdG levels, MN frequencies, NPB frequencies and NBUD frequencies in AS patients may reflect an increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huseyin Demir
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Palace Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Isa Cuce
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pinar Altın-Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamiyet Eciroglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fahri Bayram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamiyet Donmez-Altuntas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Bertucci A, Wilkins RC, Lachapelle S, Turner HC, Brenner DJ, Garty G. Comparison of Isolated Lymphocyte and Whole Blood-Based CBMN Assays for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:110-120. [PMID: 37573770 PMCID: PMC10859551 DOI: 10.1159/000533488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a mass-casualty nuclear/radiological event, there will be an important need for rapid and accurate estimation of absorbed dose for biological triage. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established and validated cytogenetic biomarker used to assess DNA damage in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Here, we describe an intercomparison experiment between two biodosimetry laboratories, located at Columbia University (CU) and Health Canada (HC) that performed different variants of the human blood CBMN assay to reconstruct dose in human blood, with CU performing the assay on isolated lymphocytes and using semi-automated scoring whereas HC used the more conventional whole blood assay. Although the micronucleus yields varied significantly between the two assays, the predicted doses closely matched up to 4 Gy - the range from which the HC calibration curve was previously established. These results highlight the importance of a robust calibration curve(s) across a wide age range of donors that match the exposure scenario as closely as possible and that will account for differences in methodology between laboratories. We have seen that at low doses, variability in the results may be attributed to variation in the processing while at higher doses the variation is dominated by inter-individual variation in cell proliferation. This interlaboratory collaboration further highlights the usefulness of the CBMN endpoint to accurately reconstruct absorbed dose in human blood after ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Currently at: Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ruth C. Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Montero-Montoya R, Suárez-Larios K, Serrano-García L. Paraoxon and glyphosate induce DNA double-strand breaks but are not type II topoisomerase poisons. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 890:503657. [PMID: 37567644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the pesticides paraoxon and glyphosate cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by poisoning the enzyme Type II topoisomerase (topo II). Peripheral lymphocytes in G0 phase, treated with the pesticides, plus or minus ICRF-187, an inhibitor of Topo II, were stimulated to proliferate; induced cytogenetic damage was measured. Micronuclei, chromatin buds, nucleoplasmic bridges, and extranuclear fragments were induced by treatments with the pesticides, irrespective of the pre-treatment with ICRF-187. These results indicate that the pesticides do not act as topo II poisons. The induction of DSB may occur by other mechanisms, such as effects on other proteins involved in recombination repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Montero-Montoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Karen Suárez-Larios
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Serrano-García
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Venkatesan V, Christopher AC, Rhiel M, Azhagiri MKK, Babu P, Walavalkar K, Saravanan B, Andrieux G, Rangaraj S, Srinivasan S, Karuppusamy KV, Jacob A, Bagchi A, Pai AA, Nakamura Y, Kurita R, Balasubramanian P, Pai R, Marepally SK, Mohankumar KM, Velayudhan SR, Boerries M, Notani D, Cathomen T, Srivastava A, Thangavel S. Editing the core region in HPFH deletions alters fetal and adult globin expression for treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:671-688. [PMID: 37215154 PMCID: PMC10197010 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a commonly adapted strategy to ameliorate β-hemoglobinopathies. However, the continued production of defective adult hemoglobin (HbA) limits HbF tetramer production affecting the therapeutic benefits. Here, we evaluated deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) mutations and identified an 11-kb sequence, encompassing putative repressor region (PRR) to β-globin exon-1 (βE1), as the core deletion that ablates HbA and exhibits superior HbF production compared with HPFH or other well-established targets. PRR-βE1-edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) retained their genome integrity and their engraftment potential to repopulate for long-term hematopoiesis in immunocompromised mice producing HbF positive cells in vivo. Furthermore, PRR-βE1 gene editing is feasible without ex vivo HSPC culture. Importantly, the editing induced therapeutically significant levels of HbF to reverse the phenotypes of both sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia major. These findings imply that PRR-βE1 gene editing of patient HSPCs could lead to improved therapeutic outcomes for β-hemoglobinopathy gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Venkatesan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abisha Crystal Christopher
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Manuel Rhiel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manoj Kumar K. Azhagiri
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathibha Babu
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaivalya Walavalkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Bharath Saravanan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sumathi Rangaraj
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Karthik V. Karuppusamy
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Annlin Jacob
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Abhirup Bagchi
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Aswin Anand Pai
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 3050074, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 3050074, Japan
| | | | - Rekha Pai
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Srujan Kumar Marepally
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | | | - Shaji R. Velayudhan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimple Notani
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Saravanabhavan Thangavel
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
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Kaya M, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçin E, Acar A. DNA fragmentation and multifaceted toxicity induced by high-dose vanadium exposure determined by the bioindicator Allium test. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8493. [PMID: 37231203 PMCID: PMC10212953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity of vanadium (VCI3) in Allium cepa L. was studied. Germination-related parameters, mitotic index (MI), catalase (CAT) activity, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, micronucleus (MN) frequency and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were investigated. The effects of VCI3 exposure on the DNA of meristem cells were investigated with the help of comet assay, and the relationships between physiological, cytogenetic and biochemical parameters were revealed by correlation and PCA analyses. A. cepa bulbs were germinated with different concentrations of VCI3 for 72 h. As a result, the maximum germination (100%), root elongation (10.4 cm) and weight gain (6.85 g) were determined in the control. VCI3 treatment caused significant decreases in all tested germination-related parameters compared to the control. The highest percentage of MI (8.62%) was also observed in the control. No CAs were found in the control, except for a few sticky chromosomes and unequal distribution of chromatin (p > 0.05). VCI3 treatment caused significant decreases in MI and increases in the frequencies of CAs and MN, depending on the dose. Similarly, the comet assay showed that DNA damage scores increased with increasing VCI3 doses. The lowest root MDA (6.50 µM/g) level and SOD (36.7 U/mg) and CAT (0.82 OD240nmmin/g) activities were also measured in the control. VCI3 treatment caused significant increases in root MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, VCI3 treatment induced anatomical damages such as flattened cell nucleus, epidermis cell damage, binuclear cell, thickening in the cortex cell wall, giant cell nucleus, damages in cortex cell and unclear vascular tissue. All examined parameters showed significant negative or positive correlations with each other. PCA analysis confirmed the relations of investigated parameters and VCI3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaya
- Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Lee Y, Jin YW, Seong KM, Wilkins RC, Jang S. Improving radiation dosimetry with an automated micronucleus scoring system: correction of automated scoring errors. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01030-7. [PMID: 37195317 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dose estimations performed by automated counting of micronuclei (MN) have been studied for their utility for triage following large-scale radiological incidents; although speed is essential, it also is essential to estimate radiation doses as accurately as possible for long-term epidemiological follow-up. Our goal in this study was to evaluate and improve the performance of automated MN counting for biodosimetry using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. We measured false detection rates and used them to improve the accuracy of dosimetry. The average false-positive rate for binucleated cells was 1.14%; average false-positive and -negative MN rates were 1.03% and 3.50%, respectively. Detection errors seemed to be correlated with radiation dose. Correction of errors by visual inspection of images used for automated counting, called the semi-automated and manual scoring method, increased accuracy of dose estimation. Our findings suggest that dose assessment of the automated MN scoring system can be improved by subsequent error correction, which could be useful for performing biodosimetry on large numbers of people rapidly, accurately, and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Seongjae Jang
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kostić-Vuković J, Kolarević S, Sunjog K, Subotić S, Višnjić-Jeftić Ž, Rašković B, Poleksić V, Vuković-Gačić B, Lenhardt M. Combined use of biomarkers to assess the impact of untreated wastewater from the Danube River, Serbia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6. [PMID: 37193873 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study a battery of bioassays, both in vivo (metals and metalloids concentrations, erythrocyte morphometry, comet assay, micronucleus assay, and histopathological analyses) on vimba bream Vimba vimba (L., 1758) and white bream Blicca bjoerkna (L., 1758), and in vitro (treatment of HepG2 cells with native water samples) was applied to assess the harmful potential of untreated wastewater. Faecal indicator bacteria were quantified to assess the microbiological water quality. Vimba bream had significantly higher Fe concentrations in both liver and muscle, while white bream had higher Ca and Cu concentrations in liver. Vimba bream had a significantly higher level of DNA damage in both liver and blood cells, in comparison to white bream. Low levels of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities were observed in both species. Erythrocytes morphometry did not show significant interspecific differences. Histopathological analyses revealed a similar response of the studied species, with a significantly higher presence of ceroid pigments in the liver of vimba bream. Treatment of HepG2 cells revealed the high genotoxic potential of water downstream of the discharge point. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of effect-based monitoring, in order to enforce more efficient management of natural resources and implementation of wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kostić-Vuković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Subotić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Animal Ecology and Zoogeography, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka Višnjić-Jeftić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Porto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
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49
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Acar A, Singh D. Monitoring genotoxic, biochemical and morphotoxic potential of penoxsulam and the protective role of European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6787. [PMID: 37101000 PMCID: PMC10133280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at exploring to explore the penoxsulam toxicity and protective effects of blueberry extract in roots of Allium cepa L. The effective concentration (EC50) of penoxsulam was determined at 20 µg/L by the root growth inhibition test as the concentration reducing the root length by 50%. The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated with tap water, blueberry extracts (25 and 50 mg/L), penoxsulam (20 µg/L) and combination of blueberry extracts (25 and 50 mg/L) with penoxsulam (20 µg/L) for 96 h. The results revealed that penoxsulam exposure inhibited cell division, rooting percentage, growth rate, root length and weight gain in the roots of A. cepa L. In addition, it induced chromosomal anomalies such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, vagrant chromosome and c-mitosis and DNA strand breaks. Further, penoxsulam treatment enhanced malondialdehyde content and SOD, CAT and GR antioxidant enzyme activities. Molecular docking results supported the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT and GR. Against all these toxicity, blueberry extracts reduced penoxsulam toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest amount of recovery for cytological, morphological and oxidative stress parameters was observed when using blueberry extract at a concentration of 50 mg/L. In addition, blueberry extracts application showed a positive correlation with weight gain, root length, mitotic index and rooting percentage whereas a negative correlation with micronucleus formation, DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation indicating its protecting effects. As a result, it has been seen that the blueberry extract can tolerate all these toxic effects of penoxsulam depending on the concentration, and it has been understood that it is a good protective natural product against such chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Divya Singh
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India
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50
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Macar O, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E, Acar A. Assessing the combined toxic effects of metaldehyde mollucide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4888. [PMID: 36966255 PMCID: PMC10039924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of metaldehyde in agriculture to combat mollusks endangers both the environment and non-target organisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity caused by metaldehyde in Allium cepa with the help of physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters. Also, DNA fragmentation caused by metaldehyde in root tip cells was measured by the "Comet Assay" method. The control group was germinated with tap water and the application groups were germinated with 20 mg/L metaldehyde, 40 mg/L metaldehyde, 100 mg/L metaldehyde and 200 mg/L metaldehyde for 72 h. The results of the physiological parameters showed that metaldehyde had a growth-limiting effect in A. cepa, depending on the application dose. According to root elongation levels, the EC50 (effective concentration) value for metaldehyde was 60.6 mg/L in A. cepa. As the treatment dose increased, the incidence of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations gradually increased while mitotic index decreased. Metaldehyde exposure induced damages such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, reverse polarization, bridge, and multipolar anaphase. In addition, metaldehyde caused cell damage in epidermis and cortex, thickening of the cortex cell wall and flattened cell nucleus in root meristem. Increasing doses of metaldehyde application also increased malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. As a result, it has been determined that the toxicity of metaldehyde in plants is versatile and the A. cepa test material is a suitable biological indicator to determine this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksal Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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