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Deng Z, Grépin KA. Achilles' heel: elderly COVID-19 vaccination policy in China. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:90. [PMID: 39103903 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high overall COVID-19 vaccine coverage, the continuously low elderly vaccination rate in mainland China remains a dangerous threat as the country shifts away from its zero-Covid policy. This retrospective study uses the Multiple Streams Framework to examine how macro-level factors may explain poor elderly vaccination outcomes. METHODS We performed a thematic analysis of qualitative data obtained from 95 official press conferences from October 20, 2020, to February 27, 2023, vaccination-related policy documents, and media coverage, using both inductive and deductive coding approaches. RESULTS Our findings suggest that in the problem stream, elderly vaccination was not a "focusing event" during the initial vaccine rollout, resulting in delayed outreach to this population. Additionally, ideologically driven complacency and discrepancies in top-down implementation undermined elderly vaccination in the political stream. In the policy stream, precautious and ambiguous statements, inconsistent policy content, radical shifting media messages, and less age-friendly digital technologies also affected elderly vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The poor convergence of the three streams led the elderly to be the Achilles' heel of China's COVID-19 containment strategy. Future studies should focus on priority identification, adoption of enforcement measures, and timely and effective policy dissemination. The empirical lessons from China can inform and optimize elderly vaccination policy design and implementation in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Deng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Karen A Grépin
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Ni W, Xing Y, Li G, Du Z, Yang P, Wang Q, Yang X, Lyu B, Fa H, Shi Q, Xing Q. Windows of sensitivity for risk of adverse birth outcomes related to gestational PM 2.5 exposure: Evidence from a natural experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123759. [PMID: 38462193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
While numerous studies have associated maternal exposure to PM2.5 with adverse birth outcomes, findings remain inconsistent and difficult to generalize. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship and window of sensitivity between gestational exposure to PM2.5 and birth outcomes. We leveraged high-resolution satellite data to quantify gestational PM2.5 exposure at the individual level, along with a combined model to determine daily relative risks (RRs) of birth outcomes in COVID-19 prelockdown and lockdown groups. RRs between the two groups were further compared using a longitudinal pre-post non-experimental design to identify sensitivity windows of adverse birth outcomes. A total of 73,781 pregnant women from the COVID-19 prelockdown group and 6267 pregnant women from the lockdown group were included for analysis. The daily mean PM2.5 concentrations in the lockdown group decreased by 21.7% compared to the prelockdown group. During the first trimester, every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 significantly increased the risk of congenital abnormalities of major organs such as the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, urinary system, and respiratory system. Moreover, gestational exposure to PM2.5 during the first trimester was associated with higher risks of premature delivery and term low birth weight. While PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester was positively correlated with macrosomia. Gestational exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased risks of various adverse birth outcomes with specific sensitive windows. We demonstrated that gestational exposure to PM2.5 increased risks of various adverse birth outcomes with specific window of sensitivity through the natural experiment design. Our findings underscore the urgent need for policies and initiatives targeting PM2.5 reduction, especially during critical periods of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Xing
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Guoju Li
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhanhui Du
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinzheng Wang
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinmeng Yang
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bei Lyu
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongge Fa
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiuling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quansheng Xing
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
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3
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Liu HX, Chow BC, Hassel H, Huang YW, Liang W, Wang RB. Prospective association of eHealth literacy and health literacy with physical activity among Chinese college students: a multiple mediation analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1275691. [PMID: 38389943 PMCID: PMC10881736 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1275691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has decreased physical activity (PA) while increasing demand for electronic health resources. eHealth literacy (EHL) is expected to aid eHealth use and health promotion. EHL was raised on the grounds of health literacy (HL). This study explored the associations among EHL, HL, and PA in Chinese college students and identified mediating mechanisms in the EHL/HL-PA relationship. Methods An integrated social-cognitive model was proposed. A total of 947 Chinese college students (52.8% women, age = 19.87 ± 1.68 years) completed the three-wave data collection. Path analysis was performed. Results An adequate good-to-fit model was indicated. Perceived EHL (PEHL) was significantly associated with perceived HL (PHL) and HL performance (HLP); PHL was negatively related to HLP; PEHL was significantly associated with self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS); PHL had a significant effect on SS but not SE; HLP significantly affected SS but not SE; SS and SE positively predicted intention (INT), which then predicted PA. SS mediated PEHL/PHL-INT links; SE mediated the PEHL-INT link; SS and INT jointly mediated PEHL/PHL/HLP-PA; SE and INT jointly mediated PEHL-PA. Conclusion Relationships among EHL, HL, and PA were explored with multiple mediating mechanisms identified. Differential SE and SS roles in EHL/HL-PA links suggest new mechanisms to inform EHL/HL intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xuan Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bik Chu Chow
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Holger Hassel
- Institute for Applied Health Sciences, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
| | - YaJun Wendy Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Run Bin Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhou P, Zhang H, Liu L, Pan Y, Liu Y, Sang X, Liu C, Chen Z. Sustainable planning in Wuhan City during COVID-19: an analysis of influential factors, risk profiles, and clustered patterns. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241029. [PMID: 38152666 PMCID: PMC10751330 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is closely related to the intra-urban environment. It is important to understand the influence mechanism and risk characteristics of urban environment on infectious diseases from the perspective of urban environment composition. In this study, we used python to collect Sina Weibo help data as well as urban multivariate big data, and The random forest model was used to measure the contribution of each influential factor within to the COVID-19 outbreak. A comprehensive risk evaluation system from the perspective of urban environment was constructed, and the entropy weighting method was used to produce the weights of various types of risks, generate the specific values of the four types of risks, and obtain the four levels of comprehensive risk zones through the K-MEANS clustering of Wuhan's central urban area for zoning planning. Based on the results, we found: ①the five most significant indicators contributing to the risk of the Wuhan COVID-19 outbreak were Road Network Density, Shopping Mall Density, Public Transport Density, Educational Facility Density, Bank Density. Floor Area Ration, Poi Functional Mix ②After streamlining five indicators such as Proportion of Aged Population, Tertiary Hospital Density, Open Space Density, Night-time Light Intensity, Number of Beds Available in Designated Hospitals, the prediction accuracy of the random forest model was the highest. ③The spatial characteristics of the four categories of new crown epidemic risk, namely transmission risk, exposure risk, susceptibility risk and Risk of Scarcity of Medical Resources, were highly differentiated, and a four-level integrated risk zone was obtained by K-MEANS clustering. Its distribution pattern was in the form of "multicenter-periphery" gradient diffusion. For the risk composition of the four-level comprehensive zones combined with the internal characteristics of the urban environment in specific zones to develop differentiated control strategies. Targeted policies were then devised for each partition, offering a practical advantage over singular COVID-19 impact factor analyses. This methodology, beneficial for future public health crises, enables the swift identification of unique risk profiles in different partitions, streamlining the formulation of precise policies. The overarching goal is to maintain regular social development, harmonizing preventive measures and economic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lanjun Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li S, Guo J, Gu Y, Meng Y, He M, Yang S, Ge Z, Wang G, Yang Y, Jin R, Lu L, Liu P. Assessing airborne transmission risks in COVID-19 hospitals by systematically monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in the air. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0109923. [PMID: 37937995 PMCID: PMC10714815 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01099-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Risk management and control of airborne transmission in hospitals is crucial in response to a respiratory virus pandemic. However, the formulation of these infection control measures is often based on epidemiological investigations, which are an indirect way of analyzing the transmission route of viruses. This can lead to careless omissions in infection prevention and control or excessively restrictive measures that increase the burden on healthcare workers. The study provides a starting point for standardizing transmission risk management in designated hospitals by systemically monitoring viruses in the air of typical spaces in COVID-19 hospitals. The negative results of 359 air samples in the clean and emergency zones demonstrated the existing measures to interrupt airborne transmission in a designated COVID-19 hospital. Some positive cases in the corridor of the contaminant zone during rounds and meal delivery highlighted the importance of monitoring airborne viruses for interrupting nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhen Guo
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming He
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Yang
- Beijing Zijing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Beijing Zijing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Zijing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhe Lu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Xiao H, Liu F, Unger JM. Dynamic zero-COVID policy and healthcare utilization patterns in China during the Shanghai COVID-19 Omicron outbreak. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:143. [PMID: 37821531 PMCID: PMC10567791 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2022, an outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron variant in Shanghai precipitated an extensive lockdown. We assessed changes in healthcare utilization during this outbreak and investigated the relationship between the stringency of mitigation strategies and disruptions in healthcare utilization. METHODS Using provincial-level data from routine health information systems covering all hospitals across Mainland China, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis to examine changes in healthcare utilization during the Shanghai outbreak. Linear regression was used to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the association between the relative changes in the move-out movement index, a proxy for the stringency in population-level mitigation strategies, and the estimated relative changes in healthcare utilization. RESULTS Overall, there were 22.9 billion outpatient visits and 1.2 billion discharged inpatients during the study period from January 2016 to May 2022, including 9.1 billion (39.7%) and 0.46 billion (38.2%) in the post-COVID-19 period (January 2020-May 2022), respectively. From March through May 2022, the outbreak resulted in an accumulative loss of 23.5 million (47%) outpatient visits and 0.6 million (55%) discharged inpatients in Shanghai, and a loss of 150.3 million (14%) outpatient visits and 3.6 million (7%) discharged inpatients in other regions. We find that for every 10-percentage point reduction in the relative change of move-out index, a 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0-3.4) percentage point decline in the relative change of outpatient visits, and a 4.3 (95% CI: 3.5-5.2) percentage points decline in the relative change of inpatient discharges. CONCLUSIONS The Shanghai COVID-19 Omicron outbreak associates with a substantial reduction in outpatient visits and inpatient discharges within Shanghai and other regions in China. The stringency of the COVID-19 lockdown policies associates with more profound reductions in healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Fang Liu
- Independent Researcher, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph M Unger
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Lansford JE, Skinner AT, Godwin J, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Giunta LD, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH. Pre-pandemic psychological and behavioral predictors of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in nine countries. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1203-1218. [PMID: 34895387 PMCID: PMC9189256 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents (N = 1,330; Mages = 15 and 16; 50% female), mothers, and fathers from nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, United States) reported on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, adolescents completed a lab-based task to assess tendency for risk-taking, and adolescents reported on their well-being. During the pandemic, participants (Mage = 20) reported on changes in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use compared to before the pandemic. Across countries, adolescents' internalizing problems pre-pandemic predicted increased internalizing during the pandemic, and poorer well-being pre-pandemic predicted increased externalizing and substance use during the pandemic. Other relations varied across countries, and some were moderated by confidence in the government's handling of the pandemic, gender, and parents' education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, UNICEF, and Institute for Fiscal Studies
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8
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Abdulla SA, Elawamy HA, Mohamed NAE, Abduallah EH, Amshahar HAA, Abuzaeid NK, Eisa MAM, Osman MEM, Konozy EHE. Association of ABO blood types and clinical variables with COVID-19 infection severity in Libya. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231187736. [PMID: 37489137 PMCID: PMC10363681 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231187736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The continuing COVID-19 pandemic is a coronavirus-related health emergency (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Inadequate efforts are still being made to address the illness situation in Libya, and this must change. To address these issues, we looked into the demography and trend of the disease as well as the potential risk factors for infection. Methods This study is a retrospective case-control study conducted online among 616 COVID-19 patients. The p0.05 value, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and analyzed from the drawn data. Results Males were at high risk of COVID-19 than females (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.042-1.622; p = 0.02). Anosmia and ageusia were more prominent in females. Patients with an "AB" blood group are significantly susceptible to infection. Adults (31 and above) are highly liable to infection. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking is a risk factor for those above 60 years (odds ratio = 2.228, 95% confidence interval: 1.145-4.336; p = 0.018). Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes and/or hypertension are more prone to COVID-19 (odds ratio = 10.045, 95% confidence interval: 3.078-32.794; p = 0.000 and odds ratio = 11.508, 95% confidence interval: 3.930-33.695; p = 0.000, respectively). Conclusion This study provided for the first time the demographic data and the trend of COVID-19 infection in Libya, which will assist the stakeholders and governmental bodies in planning protection strategies against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abdulla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Negia AE Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Enas H Abduallah
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya
| | - Habsa AA Amshahar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya
| | - Nadir K Abuzaeid
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory of Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed AM Eisa
- Department of Physiology, Al Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Makarim Elfadil M Osman
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karary University, Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan
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Wu M, Zhang Y, Markley M, Cassidy C, Newman N, Porter A. COVID-19 knowledge deconstruction and retrieval: an intelligent bibliometric solution. Scientometrics 2023:1-31. [PMID: 37360228 PMCID: PMC10230150 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been an unprecedented challenge that disruptively reshaped societies and brought a massive amount of novel knowledge to the scientific community. However, as this knowledge flood continues surging, researchers have been disadvantaged by not having access to a platform that can quickly synthesize emerging information and link the new knowledge to the latent knowledge foundation. Aiming to fill this gap, we propose a research framework and develop a dashboard that can assist scientists in identifying, retrieving, and understanding COVID-19 knowledge from the ocean of scholarly articles. Incorporating principal component decomposition (PCD), a knowledge mode-based search approach, and hierarchical topic tree (HTT) analysis, the proposed framework profiles the COVID-19 research landscape, retrieves topic-specific latent knowledge foundation, and visualizes knowledge structures. The regularly updated dashboard presents our research results. Addressing 127,971 COVID-19 research papers from PubMed, the PCD topic analysis identifies 35 research hotspots, along with their inner correlations and fluctuating trends. The HTT result segments the global knowledge landscape of COVID-19 into clinical and public health branches and reveals the deeper exploration of those studies. To supplement this analysis, we additionally built a knowledge model from research papers on the topic of vaccination and fetched 92,286 pre-Covid publications as the latent knowledge foundation for reference. The HTT analysis results on the retrieved papers show multiple relevant biomedical disciplines and four future research topics: monoclonal antibody treatments, vaccinations in diabetic patients, vaccine immunity effectiveness and durability, and vaccination-related allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Wu
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yi Zhang
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Alan Porter
- Search Technology, Inc., Norcross, USA
- Science, Technology & Innovation Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
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Mert N, Hou Y, Wang Q. What lies ahead of us? Collective future thinking in Turkish, Chinese, and American adults. Mem Cognit 2023; 51:773-790. [PMID: 35596039 PMCID: PMC9122249 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Collective future thinking, namely the anticipation of events for a group, is a relatively new research area in memory studies. Research to date with predominantly Western populations suggests that people tend to expect negative events for their country's future. In two studies, we investigated the emotional valence and perceived control of anticipated future events of one's country and examined the roles of country identification and national well-being in collective future thinking. US and Chinese college students (Study 1) and US, Chinese, and Turkish adults of a community sample (Study 2) imagined events that could happen to their respective countries in 1 week, 1 year, and 10-15 years. Participants rated each event on emotional valence and perceived control. They also completed measures for their country identification and perceived national well-being. Chinese participants imagined future events for their country to be more positive than did the US and Turkish participants, whereas US participants reported higher perceived control by their country for the future events than did Chinese and Turks. Country identification and national well-being predicted more positive future thinking and also mediated cultural differences in future-event valence and perceived country control. These original findings shed critical light on the characteristics of collective future thinking that are shaped by societal-cultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazike Mert
- Culture and Cognition Lab, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-4401, USA.
| | - Yubo Hou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Culture and Cognition Lab, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-4401, USA
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Naeimi R, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A, Parsa H, Mahjour S, Safarpour F, Almukhtar M, Mechaal A, Chemaitelly H, Sartip B, Marhoommirzabak E, Ardekani A, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB, Rostami A. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101786. [PMID: 36590788 PMCID: PMC9795163 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The higher hospitalisation rates of those aged 0-19 years (referred to herein as 'children') observed since the emergence of the immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and subvariants, along with the persisting vaccination disparities highlighted a need for in-depth knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology in children. Here, we conducted this systematic review to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants in children worldwide. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we searched international and preprinted scientific databases from December 1, 2019 to July 10, 2022. Pooled seroprevalences were estimated according to World Health Organization (WHO) regions (at 95% confidence intervals, CIs) using random-effects meta-analyses. Associations with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and sources of heterogeneity were investigated using sub-group and meta-regression analyses. The protocol used in this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350833). FINDINGS We included 247 studies involving 757,075 children from 70 countries. Seroprevalence estimates varied from 7.3% (5.8-9.1%) in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to 37.6% (18.1-59.4%) in the fifth wave and 56.6% (52.8-60.5%) in the sixth wave. The highest seroprevalences in different pandemic waves were estimated for South-East Asia (17.9-81.8%) and African (17.2-66.1%) regions; while the lowest seroprevalence was estimated for the Western Pacific region (0.01-1.01%). Seroprevalence estimates were higher in children at older ages, in those living in underprivileged countries or regions, and in those of minority ethnic backgrounds. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that, by the end of 2021 and before the Omicron wave, around 50-70% of children globally were still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clearly emphasising the need for more effective vaccines and better vaccination coverage among children and adolescents, particularly in developing countries and minority ethnic groups. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Naeimi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Hamid Parsa
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Sanaz Mahjour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fatemeh Safarpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Amal Mechaal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar-Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Behnam Sartip
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elika Marhoommirzabak
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Yin X, Büyüktahtakın IE, Patel BP. COVID-19: Data-Driven optimal allocation of ventilator supply under uncertainty and risk. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2023; 304:255-275. [PMID: 34866765 PMCID: PMC8632406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2021.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new risk-averse multi-stage stochastic epidemics-ventilator-logistics compartmental model to address the resource allocation challenges of mitigating COVID-19. This epidemiological logistics model involves the uncertainty of untested asymptomatic infections and incorporates short-term human migration. Disease transmission is also forecasted through a new formulation of transmission rates that evolve over space and time with respect to various non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as wearing masks, social distancing, and lockdown. The proposed multi-stage stochastic model overviews different scenarios on the number of asymptomatic individuals while optimizing the distribution of resources, such as ventilators, to minimize the total expected number of newly infected and deceased people. The Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) is also incorporated into the multi-stage mean-risk model to allow for a trade-off between the weighted expected loss due to the outbreak and the expected risks associated with experiencing disastrous pandemic scenarios. We apply our multi-stage mean-risk epidemics-ventilator-logistics model to the case of controlling COVID-19 in highly-impacted counties of New York and New Jersey. We calibrate, validate, and test our model using actual infection, population, and migration data. We also define a new region-based sub-problem and bounds on the problem and then show their computational benefits in terms of the optimality and relaxation gaps. The computational results indicate that short-term migration influences the transmission of the disease significantly. The optimal number of ventilators allocated to each region depends on various factors, including the number of initial infections, disease transmission rates, initial ICU capacity, the population of a geographical location, and the availability of ventilator supply. Our data-driven modeling framework can be adapted to study the disease transmission dynamics and logistics of other similar epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Yin
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - I Esra Büyüktahtakın
- Systems Optimization and Data Analytics Lab (SODAL), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Bhumi P Patel
- Systems Optimization and Data Analytics Lab (SODAL), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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13
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Do COVID-19 pandemic-related behavior changes affect perioperative respiratory adverse events in children undergoing cardiac interventional catheterization? BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 36577959 PMCID: PMC9795114 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suddenly broke out in China in December 2019. Pandemic-related behavioral changes can cause perioperative respiratory adverse events in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Here, we compared the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in CHD children with and without upper respiratory infection (URI) undergoing the cardiac catheterization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This prospective observational single-center study was based at a tertiary care center in Shanghai, China. A total of 359 children with CHD with and without recent URI were included between January 2019 and March 2021. The overall incidence of PRAEs (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, coughing, airway secretion, airway obstruction, and oxygen desaturation) in non-URI and URI children undergoing elective cardiac catheterization was compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify the potential risk factors associated with PRAEs. RESULTS Of the 564 children enrolled, 359 completed the study and were finally analyzed. The incidence of URIs decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic (14% vs. 41%, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the overall PRAEs also significantly declined regardless of whether the child had a recent URI (22.3% vs. 42.3%, P = 0.001 for non-URI and 29.2% vs. 58.7%, P = 0.012 for URI, respectively). Post-operative agitation in children without URI occurred less frequently during the pandemic than before (2.3% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.001). Behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic (odds ratio = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76-4.58) and recent URI (odds ratio = 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.92) were associated with PRAEs. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic-related behavioral changes were associated with a reduction in PRAEs in non-URI and URI children undergoing elective therapeutic cardiac catheterization.
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14
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Su Z, Zhang H, McDonnell D, Ahmad J, Cheshmehzangi A, Yuan C. Crisis communication strategies for health officials. Front Public Health 2022; 10:796572. [PMID: 36483240 PMCID: PMC9725173 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.796572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mixed messaging among health officials are prevalent amid COVID-19. Crisis communication strategies have the potential to help health officials effectively address issues such as mixed messages and improve their crisis communication efficacy. However, there is a dearth of insights in the literature. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, this study aims to examine practical strategies health officials can utilize to improve their crisis communication efficacy. Methods A literature review on effective crisis communication strategies amid COVID-19 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, with a focus on scholarly literature published in English. Results The findings of the study identified the following strategies that health officials can utilize to improve their crisis communication capabilities: (1) develop fact-based, transparent, and accountable messaging, (2) utilize people-centered and empathetic persuasive strategies, and (3) leverage international collaboration for consistent messaging and comprehensive crisis communication. Conclusion COVID-19 has challenged health officials with unprecedented crisis communication duties and responsibilities. In this study, we underscored the importance of effective crisis communication amid global health emergencies like COVID-19, and identified communication strategies health officials could adopt or adapt to improve their crisis communication efficacy. Future research could explore strategies health officials can use to better communicate with government officials and media professionals to further help health officials improve their crisis communication capabilities, their abilities to avoid preventable miscommunication or mixed messaging, and in turn, society's collective strengthen in curbing and controlling the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Su
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland,Dean McDonnell
| | | | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Changrong Yuan
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Changrong Yuan
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15
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Analysis of the Government and Capital Market’s Response to Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Based on the Development of Smart Health Care. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:8122322. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous prominence of medical problems, the construction of a smart medical system has received more and more attention. With coronavirus disease 2019 in a state of regular prevention and control, the epidemic prevention and control in China had produced favorable effects. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the emergency governance mechanism in China was crucial to epidemic prevention and control worldwide. This paper empirically analyzed the effects of epidemic prevention and control based on the dual perspective of epidemic governance and capital market, taking the daily outbreak data at the provincial level in China as the sample. The findings were as follows: (1) The accumulation of epidemic medical treatment experience in each province and city produced a positive emergency effect on preventing and controlling the dissemination of epidemic. The effective medical security mechanism was one of the most important mechanisms for the significant emergency effect, with the effective material security as a critical supplement. (2) Companies and corporations with stronger capabilities for emergency medical treatment received more positive responses from the capital market comparatively. Aiming at diversifying directions and measurements for the improvement of emergency governance, this paper provided theoretical bases for improving the emergency governance system against major public health emergencies by using the Chinese characteristics.
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16
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Trends in Rifampicin Resistance among Patients with Presumptive TB in the Pre-COVID and COVID-Era. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 29:100335. [PMID: 36337167 PMCID: PMC9617635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID 19 pandemic has had its impact on tuberculosis notification, incidence, and management, particularly in the context of rifampicin-resistant TB. We set out to determine the trends in rifampicin resistant tuberculosis between the pre-COVID and COVID era in a resource-constrained setting. Methods This was a retrospective review of single early morning sputum from presumed tuberculosis between January 2016 and May 2022 in a regional TB referral and treatment centre in South-western, Nigeria. We used a molecular beacon to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and mutations in the rpoB gene using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We analyzed 19,892 of 20,589 presumptive TB with complete data. Most subjects were in the age group 18–45 years (10,594; 53.3 %) and were males (11,492; 57.8 %). Of the 19,892 presumptive TB, 4,526 (22.8 %) were in pre-COVID-19 era (Jan 2016-December 2019) and 15,366 (77.2 %) cases were in COVID-19 era (Jan 2020-May 2022). The MTB notification declined during the COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era (10.5 % vs 12.9 %, p < 0.001). The annual prevalence of MTB rose from 5.6 % (2016) to a peak of 23.2 % in 2019 (pre-COVID-19 era), followed by a decline to 12.8 % in 2020 and 8.6 % in 2022 (COVID-19 era), p = <0.001). The overall incidence of RR-TB was 3.8 %. The incidence of RR was higher during pre-COVID-19 than the COVID-19 era, 9.5 % vs 2.5 %, p = <0.001. The incidence of RR-TB declined substantially from 28.0 % in 2016 to 1.6 % in 2021 but rose exponentially to 5.4 % in 2022. After controlling for confounders, only the pre-COVID-19 status was associated with increased odds for RR (adjusted odds ratio 3.3, 95 % confidence interval, 2.049, 5.421). Conclusion This study found a progressive decline in MTB notification since the COVID-19 pandemic's outbreak. Furthermore, RR-TB notification decreased gradually in the pre-COVID-19 era, with a resurgence in 2022. In the era of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to increase intervention efforts in order to halt the decline in MTB detection rates and the resurgence of RR-TB.
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Mihrshahi S, Dharmayani PNA, Amin J, Bhatti A, Chau JY, Ronto R, Turnip D, Taylor M. Higher Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress among International University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Australian Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14101. [PMID: 36360979 PMCID: PMC9658209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and related disruptions have not only affected university students' learning and academic outcomes, but also other issues, such as food security status, mental health and employment. In Australia, international students faced additional pressures due to sudden border closures and lack of eligibility for government-provided financial support. This study explored the experiences of domestic and international university students residing in Australia during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across a range of outcomes. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between July and September 2020 at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. The online survey included food insecurity status, mental health (psychological distress), disruptions to study, employment and sleep. A total of 105 students (n = 66 domestic and n = 39 international) completed the survey. Respondents reported having food insecurity (41.9%) and psychological distress (52.2%, with high and very high levels), with international students reporting significantly higher food insecurity (OR = 9.86 (95% CI 3.9-24.8), p < 0.001) and psychological distress scores (t(90) = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.30 to 8.81, p = 0.009) than domestic students. About one quarter of all respondents reported disruptions to study and employment status around the time of the survey. When asked what government support should be provided for international students, 'financial aid' was the most frequently suggested form of support. This research may help governments and educational institutions design appropriate support, particularly financial and psychological, for both international and domestic university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mihrshahi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Janaki Amin
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alexandra Bhatti
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Josephine Y. Chau
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Rimante Ronto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Diana Turnip
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Melanie Taylor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
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18
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Duan W, Qin T. The Impact of China's Legal System on Public Health and Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013598. [PMID: 36294176 PMCID: PMC9603202 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the methods used to ensure the quality of public health and life changed. This study used empirical research methods to analyze the development of China's legal system during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the quality of public health and life and to clarify its importance in ensuring the quality of public health and life. (2) Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the development of China's rule of law system during the COVID-19 pandemic by using two authoritative databases, the Peking University Magic Key Database and the China Judicial Documents Network, and examined the scope of public health and quality of life under this system. (3) Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, China's rule of law system, with the main objective of controlling the pandemic, developed rapidly, effectively ensuring the quality of public health and life in different areas. As part of this system, the administrative activities of government departments played a key role. (4) Conclusions: During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, China's legal system protected the quality of public health and life from the impact of the pandemic in many areas. Meanwhile, along with the important role of government administrative law enforcement activities in the prevention and control of a pandemic, the quality of public health and life should also be protected against illegal administrative acts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Duan
- School of Humanities and Law, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tianbao Qin
- Research Institute of Environmental Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-3694
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19
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Jin Y, Sha S, Tian T, Wang Q, Liang S, Wang Z, Liu Y, Cheung T, Su Z, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Network analysis of comorbid depression and anxiety and their associations with quality of life among clinicians in public hospitals during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:193-200. [PMID: 35780965 PMCID: PMC9242942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are common among clinicians working in public hospitals even in the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Network analysis is a novel approach to explore interactions between mental health problems at the symptom level. This study examined the network structure of comorbid depression and anxiety and their associations with quality of life (QOL) among hospital clinicians in China during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 4931 participants were recruited from October 13 to 22, 2020. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure depressive and anxiety symptoms, and QOL, respectively. Central and bridge symptoms were identified with centrality and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. RESULTS The prevalence of depression (defined as PHQ-9 total score ≥ 5) was 35.1 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) = 33.73-36.41 %)], the prevalence of anxiety (GAD-7 total score ≥ 5) was 32.5 % (95 % CI = 31.20-33.84 %), while the prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety was 26.9 % (95 % CI = 25.7-28.2 %). "Impaired motor skills", "Trouble relaxing" and "Uncontrollable worry" were the central symptoms in the whole depression-anxiety network. "Irritability", "Feeling afraid" and "Sad mood" were the most key bridge symptoms linking depression and anxiety. Three symptoms ("Fatigue", "Trouble relaxing" and "Nervousness") were the most strongly and negatively associated with QOL. Neither gender nor the experiences of caring for COVID-19 patients was associated with network global strength, distribution of edge weights or individual edge weights. LIMITATIONS The causality between variables could not be established. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by self-report measures, which may result in recall bias and limitations in capturing clinical phenomena. CONCLUSIONS Both the central (i.e., "Impaired motor skills", "Trouble relaxing" and "Uncontrollable worry") and bridge symptoms (i.e., "Irritability", "Feeling afraid" and "Sad mood") identified in this network analysis should be targeted in specific treatment and preventive measures for comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms among clinicians in the late stage of the pandemic. Furthermore, "Fatigue", "Trouble relaxing" and "Nervousness" are key symptoms to address to improve clinicians' QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Tengfei Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqi Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia,Corresponding author
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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20
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Cao J, Liu D, Zhang G, Shang M. The Impact of Digital Contact Tracing Apps Overuse on Prevention of COVID-19: A Normative Activation Model Perspective. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091371. [PMID: 36143407 PMCID: PMC9504210 DOI: 10.3390/life12091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have used digital contact tracing apps (DCTAs) to implement contact tracing. Although the use of DCTAs has contributed to the prevention and control of COVID-19, there are doubts in academia about their actual effectiveness. In this study, the role of DCTAs in the prevention of COVID-19 was analyzed in terms of both the responsibility and inconvenience to life in a large-scale DCTA overuse environment, based on the normative activation model. The findings suggest that the overuse of a DCTA activates people’s personal norms by triggering awareness of the consequences and ascription of responsibility, leading people to consistently cooperate with the government to prevent COVID-19. However, the inconvenience of living with DCTA overuse weakens the effect of the awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility and the role of the ascription of responsibility in influencing personal norms. These effects may bear on people’s willingness to consistently cooperate with the government to prevent COVID-19. The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of DCTA in counteracting pandemics from a social responsibility perspective in a large-scale environment where DCTA is used, enriching the literature on DCTA research in the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study can also help governments develop and improve policies to prevent COVID-19, as well as improve the DCTAs’ operating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Cao
- School of Business, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Global Business, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Department of Business, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Meng Shang
- School of Flight, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455008, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (M.S.)
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21
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Qian Y, Huang J, Zhao L, Cheong IH, Cao S, Xiong L, Zhu Q. Which Matters More in Fighting COVID-19—Government Policy or Community Participation? Front Public Health 2022; 10:927553. [PMID: 35903372 PMCID: PMC9315311 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.927553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a heavily populated megacity, Shanghai faces major epidemic risks. However, Shanghai's control of COVID-19 has been successful owing to both the strict government policy and wide community participation. Here, we investigated the impact of these stakeholders and examined who played a major role across different epidemic stages. Design We extended the classic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model considering the heterogeneous contact structure in four social sceneries, i.e., school, workplace, public entertainment venues, and neighborhood community, which could reflect the impact of lockdown policy and wide participation of residents happened at the community level. Result The simulation results showed that without lockdown policy and only with community participation, the daily new confirmed cases would gradually increase to more than 7,000 [292/1,000,000] at the end of Sep. However, without community participation and only with a lockdown policy, the daily new confirmed cases sharply decreased to 30 [1.2/1,000,000] at the end of the 1st month and remained low for several months. However, when a lockdown policy was gradually lifted, the new confirmed cases increased exponentially, eventually reaching more than 17,000 [708/1,000,000]. Therefore, a government lockdown policy was necessary for the rapid control of COVID-19 during the outbreak stage while community participation is more important in keeping the number of new confirmed cases low during the reopening stage. Conclusion Government lockdown policy and community participation play different roles in the control of COVID-19 at different stages of the epidemic: although the government played a leading role in setting up policies, the broader participation of community fever clinics (CFCs) and the general public were especially crucial in winning the battle against COVID-19 in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaoling Huang
| | - Laijun Zhao
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Cao
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiong
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Consumption among Chinese Residents: Evidence from Provincial-Level Panel Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137612. [PMID: 35805271 PMCID: PMC9265380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected people’s daily lives, including their dietary behaviors. Using a panel data set of 31 provinces from 2015 to 2020, this study employed two-way fixed effects (FE) models to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary consumption among Chinese residents. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic positively affected residents’ consumption of grain, eggs, dairy, and white meat (poultry and aquatic products), while it had a negative effect on individuals’ red meat consumption in both urban and rural areas. These results were robust to different measures of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the number of confirmed cases, suspect cases, and dead cases. Comparatively, the changes in food consumption induced by the COVID-19 pandemic were more prominent for Chinese residents who lived in rural areas than urban areas. In addition, compared to their counterparts, the dietary consequences of the pandemic were more pronounced for residents living in the eastern region and regions with a high old-age dependency ratio and low illiteracy rate. Furthermore, the estimation results of the quantile regression model for panel data suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic had relatively larger impacts on the dietary consumption of Chinese residents at lower quantiles of food consumption compared with those at higher quantiles. Overall, the results of this study suggested that Chinese residents had a healthier diet after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We discussed possible mechanisms, including health awareness, income, food supply and prices, and other behavioral changes during COVID-19 (e.g., physical activity and cooking). To further improve residents’ dietary behaviors and health, our study proposed relevant measures, such as increasing residents’ dietary knowledge, ensuring employment and income, and strengthening the food supply chain resilience during the pandemic.
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Lv A, Luo T, Duckett J. Centralization vs. Decentralization in COVID-19 Responses: Lessons from China. JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS, POLICY AND LAW 2022; 47:411-427. [PMID: 34847219 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9626908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have begun to examine whether centralized or decentralized (or federal) political systems have better responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we probe beneath the surface of China's political system to examine the balance between centralized and decentralized authority in China's handling of the pandemic. We focus not on the much-studied later response phase but on the detection and early response phases. We show that after the SARS epidemic of 2003, China sought to improve its systems by both centralizing early infectious disease reporting and decentralizing authority to respond to local health emergencies. But these adjustments in the central-local balance of authority after SARS did not change "normal times" authority relations and incentive structures in the political system-indeed they strengthened local authority. As a result, local leaders had both the enhanced authority and the incentives to prioritize tasks that determine their political advancement at the cost of containing the spread of COVID-19. China's efforts to balance central and local authority show just how difficult it is to get that balance right, especially in the early phases of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Luo
- Manchester Metropolitan University
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Gu L, Yang L, Wang L, Guo Y, Wei B, Li H. Understanding the spatial diffusion dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the city system in China. Soc Sci Med 2022; 302:114988. [PMID: 35512611 PMCID: PMC9046135 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the spatial epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 is crucial in understanding the routine of spatial diffusion and in surveillance, prediction, identification and prevention of another potential outbreak. However, previous studies attempting to evaluate these spatial diffusion dynamics are limited. Using city as the research unit and spatial association analysis as the primary strategy, this study explored the changing primary risk factors impacting the spatial spread of COVID-19 across Chinese cities under various diffusion assumptions and throughout the epidemic stage. Moreover, this study investigated the characteristics and geographical distributions of high-risk areas in different epidemic stages. The results empirically indicated rapid intercity diffusion at the early stage and primarily intracity diffusion thereafter. Before countermeasures took effect, proximity, GDP per capita, medical resources, outflows from Wuhan and intercity mobility significantly affected early diffusion. With speedily effective countermeasures, outflows from the epicenter, proximity, and intracity outflows played an important role. At the early stage, high-risk areas were mainly cities adjacent to the epicenter, with higher GDP per capita, or a combination of higher GDP per capita and better medical resources, with more outflow from the epicenter, or more intercity mobility. After countermeasures were effected, cities adjacent to the epicenter, or with more outflow from the epicenter or more intracity mobility became high-risk areas. This study provides an insightful understanding of the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 across cities. The findings are informative for effectively handling the potential recurrence of COVID-19 in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Binggan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Leung KK, Zhang R, Hashim MJ, Fang M, Xu J, Sun D, Li X, Liu Y, Deng H, Zeng D, Lin Z, He P, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Liang D, Xing A, Lee SS, Memish ZA, Jiang G, Khan G. Effectiveness of containment strategies in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:609-614. [PMID: 35537237 PMCID: PMC9052634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial resources deployed to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission, controlling the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major challenge. New variants of the virus are frequently emerging leading to new waves of infection and re-introduction of control measures. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of containment strategies implemented in the early phase of the pandemic. METHODS Real-world data for COVID-19 cases was retrieved for the period Jan 1 to May 1, 2020 from a number of different sources, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Facebook, Epidemic Forecasting and Google Mobility Reports. We analyzed data for 18 countries/regions that deployed containment strategies such as travel restrictions, lockdowns, stay-at-home requests, school/public events closure, social distancing, and exposure history information management (digital contact tracing, DCT). Primary outcome measure was the change in the number of new cases over 30 days before and after deployment of a control measure. We also compared the effectiveness of centralized versus decentralized DCT. Time series data for COVID-19 were analyzed using Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend tests to investigate the impact of these measures on changes in the number of new cases. The rate of change in the number of new cases was compared using M-K z-values and Sen's slope. RESULTS In spite of the widespread implementation of conventional strategies such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing, school closures, and stay-at-home requests, analysis revealed that these measures could not prevent the spread of the virus. However, countries which adopted DCT with centralized data storage were more likely to contain the spread. CONCLUSIONS Centralized DCT was more effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. Early implementation of centralized DCT should be considered in future outbreaks. However, challenges such as public acceptance, data security and privacy concerns will need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Kit Leung
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rusheng Zhang
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hashim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mingying Fang
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, 279 Zhou Zhu Gong Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Derek Sun
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Sophia Technologies, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China
| | - Haohui Deng
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China
| | - Dingyuan Zeng
- Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Peiqing He
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, China
| | - Xuehong Zhu
- Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Dachao Liang
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China
| | - Abao Xing
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Guangdong 523120, China; Affiliated Dongguan Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 523120, China
| | - Shui-Shan Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research & Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Ahmad Z, El-Kafrawy SA, Alandijany TA, Giannino F, Mirza AA, El-Daly MM, Faizo AA, Bajrai LH, Kamal MA, Azhar EI. A global report on the dynamics of COVID-19 with quarantine and hospitalization: A fractional order model with non-local kernel. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107645. [PMID: 35276575 PMCID: PMC8857780 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a compartmental mathematical model has been utilized to gain a better insight about the future dynamics of COVID-19. The total human population is divided into eight various compartments including susceptible, exposed, pre-asymptomatic, asymptomatic, symptomatic, quarantined, hospitalized and recovered or removed individuals. The problem was modeled in terms of highly nonlinear coupled system of classical order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which was further generalized with the Atangana-Balaeanu (ABC) fractional derivative in Caputo sense with nonlocal kernel. Furthermore, some theoretical analyses have been done such as boundedness, positivity, existence and uniqueness of the considered. Disease-free and endemic equilibrium points were also assessed. The basic reproduction was calculated through next generation technique. Due to high risk of infection, in the present study, we have considered the reported cases from three continents namely Americas, Europe, and south-east Asia. The reported cases were considered between 1st May 2021 and 31st July 2021 and on the basis of this data, the spread of infection is predicted for the next 200 days. The graphical solution of the considered nonlinear fractional model was obtained via numerical scheme by implementing the MATLAB software. Based on the fitted values of parameters, the basic reproduction number ℜ0 for the case of America, Asia and Europe were calculated as ℜ0≈2.92819, ℜ0≈2.87970 and ℜ0≈2.23507 respectively. It is also observed that the spread of infection in America is comparatively high followed by Asia and Europe. Moreover, the effect of fractional parameter is shown on the dynamics of spread of infection among different classes. Additionally, the effect of quarantined and treatment of infected individuals is also shown graphically. From the present analysis it is observed that awareness of being quarantine and proper treatment can reduce the infection rate dramatically and a minimal variation in quarantine and treatment rates of infected individuals can lead us to decrease the rate of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit'a degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta 81100, Italy.
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Francesco Giannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
| | - Ahmed A Mirza
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arwa A Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Chau JPC, Lo SHS, Zhao J, Butt L, Saran R, Lam SKY, Thompson DR. Lessons from the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China: Perspectives on frontline nursing. J Infect Prev 2022; 23:206-213. [PMID: 36003135 PMCID: PMC9082098 DOI: 10.1177/17571774221092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of COVID-19 has been an ordeal for nurses worldwide. It is
crucial to understand their experiences at the frontline, attempt to allay
their concerns, and help inform future pandemic response capabilities. Aims To explore nurses’ lived experiences at the frontline in order to identify
and address their concerns and help enhance future responses to infectious
disease outbreaks. Methods A qualitative study was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were
conducted with 60 registered nurses who came to Hubei from different parts
of China to care for patients with COVID-19. Interviews were audio-recorded
and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Results Six major themes emerged: emotional turmoil due to personal and professional
concerns, quality issues with personal protective equipment and associated
physical discomfort, witnessing and managing patient distress, readiness of
emergency response mechanisms in the health system, collective community
awareness and preparedness, and heightened professional pride and confidence
in future epidemic control. Discussion Nurses were placed in challenging and unfamiliar situations to deal with
unexpected and unpredictable events which caused considerable psychological
and physical distress. Support in the form of government edicts, hospital
management policies, community generosity and collegiality was highly
welcomed by the nurses. Policy makers and managers should ensure that nurses
are provided with the support and resources necessary for dealing with
large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. Priority should be given to risk
assessment, infection prevention and control, and patient and staff health
and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita Pak Chun Chau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Zhao
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Laveeza Butt
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ravneet Saran
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Kwun Yu Lam
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhong Y, Zhao H, Wang X, Ji J. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to explain junior nurses’ and final‐year student nurses’ intention to care for COVID‐19 patients in China: a multisite cross‐sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:2259-2267. [PMID: 35434870 PMCID: PMC9115239 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore junior nurses' and final‐year student nurses' intention to care for COVID‐19 patients amidst the Delta COVID‐19 variant outbreak in China using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a framework. Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has intensified global nursing shortage. Junior nurses and final‐year student nurses represent the backbone of the future frontline nursing workforce. The TPB is a valid theoretical model for predicting nurses' caring behaviours. Methods A 47‐item self‐administered questionnaire was disseminated online to a convenience sample of 547 junior nurses and final‐year student nurses located in 13 regions across mainland China. Results Approximately 63.4% of the participants intended to care for COVID‐19 patients voluntarily and 65.6% by non‐voluntary assignment. The TPB model significantly predicted 45% of the variance in behavioural intention, subjective norms being the strongest predictor. Gender, vaccination status and ethical perceptions regarding frontline work significantly correlated with the intention to provide care. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of social, organisational and family support underpinning future junior nurses' professional commitment in times of public health crisis. Implications for nursing management Pandemic‐tailored workplace training programmes for nurses/student nurses that emphasize on self‐care and ethical issue discussions are warranted. Hospital managers should collaborate with community partners to offer additional family support for nurses in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhong
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton Campus Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Huan Zhao
- School of Science, Psychology, and Sport, Federation University, Berwick Campus Berwick VIC Australia
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Shandong P.R. China
| | - Ji Ji
- Department of Nursing Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Shandong P.R. China
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29
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Ding D, Zhang R. China's COVID-19 Control Strategy and Its Impact on the Global Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:857003. [PMID: 35359767 PMCID: PMC8964044 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.857003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health crises are challenging for governments and health systems, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented huge challenges to humans worldwide. In the context of COVID-19 in China, we explore China's control strategies and challenges. Our analysis examines seven strategies: digital technology pandemic prevention, zero-case policy, all-staff nucleic acid testing, all-staff vaccinations, the long-term quarantine system, and the official accountability system. Additionally, it considers three challenges: repeated pandemic waves, increased downward pressure on the economy and social exhaustion. We identify the causes of these challenges, including social and natural factors, and the controls put in place. We contend that China's control strategies slowed the spread of the global pandemic and that Chinese vaccines have promoted global vaccine equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Ding
- School of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruilian Zhang
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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30
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Chen X, Chen J, Zhang M, Dong RK, Li J, Dong Z, Ye Y, Tong L, Zhao R, Cao W, Li P, Zhang SX. Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833865. [PMID: 35370861 PMCID: PMC8972157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Chinese Open Science Network, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Strategy, School of Economic and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Sociology and Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyao Tong
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenrui Cao
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peikai Li
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen X. Zhang
- Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Family Enterprise Discipline, Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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31
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Chouikha A, Fares W, Laamari A, Haddad-Boubaker S, Belaiba Z, Ghedira K, Kammoun Rebai W, Ayouni K, Khedhiri M, Ben Halima S, Krichen H, Touzi H, Ben Dhifallah I, Guerfali FZ, Atri C, Azouz S, Khamessi O, Ardhaoui M, Safer M, Ben Alaya N, Guizani I, Kefi R, Gdoura M, Triki H. Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia (North Africa) through Several Successive Waves of COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:624. [PMID: 35337031 PMCID: PMC8956073 DOI: 10.3390/v14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Documenting the circulation dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in different regions of the world is crucial for monitoring virus transmission worldwide and contributing to global efforts towards combating the pandemic. Tunisia has experienced several waves of COVID-19 with a significant number of infections and deaths. The present study provides genetic information on the different lineages of SARS-CoV-2 that circulated in Tunisia over 17 months. Lineages were assigned for 1359 samples using whole-genome sequencing, partial S gene sequencing and variant-specific real-time RT-PCR tests. Forty-eight different lineages of SARS-CoV-2 were identified, including variants of concern (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs) and variants under monitoring (VUMs), particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, A.27, Zeta and Eta. The first wave, limited to imported and import-related cases, was characterized by a small number of positive samples and lineages. During the second wave, a large number of lineages were detected; the third wave was marked by the predominance of the Alpha VOC, and the fourth wave was characterized by the predominance of the Delta VOC. This study adds new genomic data to the global context of COVID-19, particularly from the North African region, and highlights the importance of the timely molecular characterization of circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Chouikha
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Wasfi Fares
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Asma Laamari
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Sondes Haddad-Boubaker
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Zeineb Belaiba
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Kais Ghedira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
| | - Wafa Kammoun Rebai
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (W.K.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Kaouther Ayouni
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Marwa Khedhiri
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Samar Ben Halima
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Henda Krichen
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Henda Touzi
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Imen Ben Dhifallah
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Fatma Z. Guerfali
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII) (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (F.Z.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Chiraz Atri
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII) (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (F.Z.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Saifeddine Azouz
- Genomics Plateform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Oussema Khamessi
- Laboratoire de Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques (LR16IPT08), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Monia Ardhaoui
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology & Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Safer
- National Observatory of New and Emergent Diseases, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.S.); (N.B.A.)
| | - Nissaf Ben Alaya
- National Observatory of New and Emergent Diseases, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.S.); (N.B.A.)
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology & Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (W.K.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Mariem Gdoura
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Henda Triki
- Reasearch Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Approach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (W.F.); (A.L.); (S.H.-B.); (Z.B.); (K.A.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (I.B.D.); (M.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.B.H.); (H.K.)
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.A.); (I.G.)
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Chavez-Ecos F, Barrenechea-Pulache A, Comandé D, Bendezu-Quispe G. Seroprevalence and lethality by SARS-CoV-2 in indigenous populations of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12552. [PMID: 35003919 PMCID: PMC8684739 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has presented some of the highest numbers of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the world. Even though indigenous communities represent 8% of the total population in this region, the impact of COVID-19 on this historically vulnerable population has only been briefly explored. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and lethality attributable to SARS-CoV-2 in the indigenous population of LAC. Methods A systematic review was conducted utilizing multiple databases (registry PROSPERO: CRD42020207862). Studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese were selected between December 1st, 2019, and April 14th, 2021. The evaluation of the quality of the study was carried out utilizing the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A qualitative synthesis of the data analyzed was conducted following the MOOSE and PRISMA declarations. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were carried out in a Brazilian population, three in a Mexican population, and one in a Colombian population. Four studies reported data about the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in indigenous populations of Brazil (range: 4.2–81.65%). Twelve studies reported lethality in indigenous people (eight in Brazil, three in Mexico, and one in Colombia). In Brazil, a lethality of 53.30% was described in a hospital setting and between 1.83% and 4.03% in community studies. In Mexico, the lethality of COVID-19 ranged between 16.5% and 19.9%. Meanwhile, in Colombia, a lethality of 3.41% was reported. Most studies were deemed to be of good quality. Conclusions Despite COVID-19 affecting indigenous populations of LAC, there is limited evidence of the seroprevalence and lethality of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 in this population. Future investigations should ensure standardized methods that allow comparability among studies and ensure the precision of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Fabian Chavez-Ecos
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Ica, Universidad Nacional "San Luis Gonzaga", Ica, Peru
| | | | - Daniel Comandé
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Bendezu-Quispe
- Centro de Investigación Epidemiológica en Salud Global, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Shan D, Liu C, Li S, Zheng Y. Increased anxiety from fear of Omicron in China as compared to North America and Western Europe: A cross-sectional Kendall's tau-b analysis using the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item questionnaire. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:977361. [PMID: 36111310 PMCID: PMC9468740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policies dealing with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic vary across the globe, the different governmental responses then affect the public perception of COVID-19. Many unofficial Chinese media outlets frequently spread misinformation about COVID-19 and exaggerated reports of rare sequelae of Omicron for monetization and attention seeking, leading to panics in the Chinese public. In comparison the attitudes toward Omicron in other countries around the world, especially in North America and Western Europe have shifted to a more relaxed stance. OBJECTIVE This article primarily aims to investigate the association between Chinese people's attitudes toward the potential after-effects of Omicron and their anxiety status, as compared to these of people living in North America or Western Europe. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey via the Credamo and collected valid data from 500 Chinese (not living in Shanghai), another 500 Chinese (living in Shanghai) and 500 people living in North America or Western Europe in June 2022. Kendall's coefficient of rank correlation tau-sub-b was used to examine this association. RESULTS The results suggested that subjective attitudes of Chinese participants toward the sequelae of Omicron were positively and significantly associated with their anxiety status [i.e., the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scores] in Shanghai (China) (Tb = 0.44, p < 0.01) and other parts of China outside Shanghai (Tb = 0.37, p < 0.01). However, no such significant correlation was found in North America & Western Europe (Tb = -0.01, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that Chinese participants who were more worried about the after-effects of Omicron had higher levels of anxiety. Although it is true that Long COVID-19 should be a concern, exaggerated media reporting can impact negatively on an individual's mental wellbeing. Only through the dissemination of robust scientific studies, the misinformation and the fears that follow it can be put to rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoyang Li
- Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuandian Zheng
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Artiga-Sainz LM, Ibáñez-Navarro A, Morante-Ruiz M, Bilbao JSV, Rodríguez de Lema-Tapetado G, Sarria-Santamera A, Quintana-Díaz M. Overview of coronavirus pandemic. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC DESIGNING TO MITIGATE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300555 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91172-6.00013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the last months of 2019, numerous cases of respiratory illness such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were described in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in China. At the same time, several research groups identified and reported the etiological agent, that included within the Coronaviridae family and the order Nidovirales, named SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, the pathological and clinical status caused by the pathogen is commonly known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a short period, the outbreak of emerging spread across the world. Therefore the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Many different public health and epidemiological studies have been published since the COVID-19 outbreak, but fatality rates (those that relate the number of cases to mortality) are difficult to assess with certainty. Mean and median case-fatality rates worldwide are near to 3% and 2%, respectively. The median infection fatality calculated from serologic prevalence varies from 0.00% to 1.63% but is mostly estimated between 0.27% and 0.9%. These indexes are influenced by geographic location, socioeconomic status, sex, age, and health conditions, among others.
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Wang J, Yuan B, Lu X, Liu X, Li L, Geng S, Zhang H, Lai X, Lyu Y, Feng H, Jing R, Guo J, Huang Y, Liang X, Yu W, Fang H. Willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among the elderly and the chronic disease population in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4873-4888. [PMID: 34906026 PMCID: PMC8903911 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2009290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional field survey was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 among 7259 participants to investigate the public perception, willingness, and information sources for COVID-19 vaccination, with the focus on the elderly and non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) population. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify associated factors of the vaccination willingness. The willingness rate of the elderly to accept the future COVID-19 vaccine (79.08%) was lower than that of the adults aged 18-59 (84.75%). The multiple analysis didn't identify significant relationship between NCD status and the vaccination intention. The main reasons for vaccine hesitancy by the public were: concern for vaccine safety, low infection risk, waiting and seeing others getting vaccinated, concern of vaccine effectiveness and price. Their relative importance differed between adults aged 18-59 and the elderly, and between adults aged 18-59 with or without NCD. Perception for vaccination importance, vaccine confidence, and trust in health workers were significant predictors of the vaccination intention in both age groups. The elderly who perceived high infection risk or had trust in governments were more likely to accept the vaccine. Compared with the adults aged 18-59, the elderly used fewer sources for COVID-19 vaccination information and more trusted in traditional media and family, relatives, and friends for getting vaccination recommendations. To promote vaccine uptake, the vaccination campaigns require comprehensive interventions to improve vaccination attitude, vaccine accessibility and affordability, and tailor strategies to address specific concerns among different population groups and conducted via their trusted sources, especially for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Yuan
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shufan Geng
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lai
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huangyufei Feng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rize Jing
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xun Liang
- School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Center for Vaccine Economics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Bin Du and colleagues explore the Wuhan response to managing critically ill patients in a novel disease pandemic, and lessons learnt for dealing with future pandemics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Rare, Complex and Critical Diseases, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Vandergeest P, Marschke M, MacDonnell M. Seafarers in fishing: A year into the COVID-19 pandemic. MARINE POLICY 2021; 134:104796. [PMID: 34539041 PMCID: PMC8440203 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper builds on our earlier publication that examined COVID-19, instability and migrant fish workers in Asia during the initial six months of the pandemic. Drawing on interviews with port-based support organizations and various other international organizations, we outline how pre-existing structural marginalizations of seafarers in distant water fishing has made them particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of pandemic management policies for seafarers. We focus our analysis on obstacles to crew change and reduced access to crucial shore services. The basis of these longer term marginalizations includes the exclusion of fishing from the Maritime Labor Convention, the marginal status of fishing among global organizations concerned with seafarers, the dispersed ownership of fishing vessels compared to concentrated corporate ownership in shipping, lack of unionization, and frequent inaccessibility of consular assistance in fishing ports. We also highlight differences among important fishing ports, showing that repatriation of crew and access to shore services is the outcome of negotiation among a constellation of port-based actors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Marschke
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada
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38
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Meng Z, Shan S, Zhang R. China's COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy and Its Impact on the Global Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4649-4655. [PMID: 34815726 PMCID: PMC8604646 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s338701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health crises are challenging for governments and health systems. Vaccines are a key solution to viruses, and immunization has always played a critical role during public health crises in the past century. In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we explore China's vaccination strategies and challenges. Accordingly, we identify the causes of the high vaccination rate in China, including technical and nontechnical factors. Considering the impact of China's high vaccination rate on the global pandemic, we argue that it has strengthened China's opportunities and capabilities to participate in global development, enhanced the equity of vaccines and given the world community more choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Meng
- School of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China.,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujin Shan
- School of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilian Zhang
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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39
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Lyu Y, Lai X, Ma X, Cao L, Lei H, Wang J, Zhang H, Jing R, Feng H, Guo J, Li L, Fang H. The Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Under Different Methods of Investigation: Based on Online and On-Site Surveys in China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:760388. [PMID: 34900909 PMCID: PMC8655695 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.760388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines became available in December 2020, increasingly more surveys were organized to examine the acceptance of vaccination, while most of them were conducted online. This study aimed to explore the difference between online and traditional on-site surveys in terms of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. From November to December 2020, an online survey (n = 2013) and an on-site survey (n = 4,316) were conducted simultaneously in China. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors of acceptance, and propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to balance the outcomes. As a result, 90.0% of the online respondents accepted COVID-19 vaccination, while it was only 82.1% in the on-site survey. After applying PSM, the acceptance rate of the on-site survey was declined to 78.6%. The age structure, residence location, education, and health status were observed as important factors in addressing vaccination acceptance, which needed to be specifically considered when designing online surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lai
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lei
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rize Jing
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huangyufei Feng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center—Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Center for Vaccine Economics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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40
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Lu HJ, Wang XR, Liu YY, Chang L. Disease Prevalence and Fatality, Life History Strategies, and Behavioral Control of the COVID Pandemic. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 8:20-29. [PMID: 34777951 PMCID: PMC8576458 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world by surprise and raised many questions. One of the questions is whether infectious diseases indeed drive fast life history (LH) as the extent research suggests. This paper challenges this assumption and raises a different perspective. We argue that infectious diseases enact either slower or faster LH strategies and the related disease control behavior depending on disease severity. We tested and supported the theorization based on a sample of 662 adult residents drawn from all 32 provinces and administrative regions of mainland China. The findings help to broaden LH perspectives and to better understand unusual social phenomena arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Rui Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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41
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Gudina EK, Siebeck M, Eshete MT. Evidence Gaps and Challenges in the Fight Against COVID-19 in Africa: Scoping Review of the Ethiopian Experience. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4511-4521. [PMID: 34764709 PMCID: PMC8575488 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s333545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia, like many African countries, took immediate actions to contain the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and its impacts. However, the pandemic control measures were not guided by robust local evidence and not tailored to national contexts. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the evidence gaps and challenges of COVID-19 control measures in Ethiopia during the early months of the pandemic. DESIGN Scoping Review. DATA SOURCE Searches were conducted in PubMed, LitCovid, Web of Sciences, Embase, MedRx, ChemRxiv, BioRx, and Google Scholar. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Peer-reviewed or pre-print original research articles on COVID-19 from Ethiopia during a period of January 1, 2020 and October 10, 2020 were included in this review. RESULTS Of 573 articles found, 64 were eligible for inclusion. However, only 25 of them were peer-reviewed; 78% (50/64) were based on cross-sectional descriptive studies. Most of the studies focused on human behavior and healthcare system; only 13 articles addressed epidemiology and clinical spectrum of COVID-19. The studies have revealed a good level of awareness and a favorable attitude by community and healthcare workers (HCWs) towards COVID-19 and its control. However, the practices of infection prevention were found to be low among HCWs and the community. The outbreak unfolded at a slower rate than initially feared but the impact of the counter measures against COVID-19 on the delivery of essential healthcare services was felt more than the direct impact of the pandemic. Moreover, the actions taken by the country did not appear to be tailored to the pattern of the outbreak and existing local evidence. The overall number of published COVID-19-related scientific articles from Ethiopia during the review period was found to be limited. CONCLUSION COVID-19 control in Ethiopia was challenged by lack of robust local scientific evidence, and the pandemic control measures were not adapted to local context and the outbreak patterns. Thus, Ethiopia and other African countries should design culturally sensitive and locally acceptable public health interventions for COVID-19 and potential future outbreaks based on locally generated scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Center for International Health at LMU, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Siebeck
- Center for International Health at LMU, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Education, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Million Tesfaye Eshete
- Center for International Health at LMU, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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42
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Wang H, Zhou X, Jiang T, Wang X, Lu J, Li J. Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among overseas and domestic Chinese university students: a cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4829-4837. [PMID: 34714726 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1989914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To vaccinate the Chinese on a nationwide scale timely and effectively, it is necessary to assess the vaccination uptake intention of the public. University students are opinion leaders, who have an important impact on the vaccination uptake intention of others around them. As a group with strong population mobility, overseas university students have an extra influence on the spread of COVID-19 and the prevention and control of the pandemic. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the vaccination uptake intention of overseas and domestic university students to promote vaccination and control the pandemic globally. However, little is known about the COVID-19 vaccination uptake intention among overseas and domestic university students. This study aimed to explore the difference between overseas and domestic Chinese university students' COVID-19 vaccination uptake intentions and influencing factors using the Health Belief Model. A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted among 370 overseas university students and 463 domestic university students between January and February 2021. More than half of the respondents (536, 64.3%) reported vaccination uptake intentions, with overseas and domestic university students reporting similar vaccination uptake intentions (64.1% vs 64.6%, p > .05). Perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action were important factors that influenced the vaccination intention among overseas and domestic university students. It is worth trying to communicate the benefits of the vaccine, enhance the role of cues to action, and eliminate the potential barriers among overseas and domestic university students through creative propagation to further promote the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Wang
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlin Li
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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43
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Age-Related Digital Divide during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111285. [PMID: 34769801 PMCID: PMC8582816 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
China has adopted a variety of digital technologies to effectively combat the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. The massive utilisation of digital technologies, however, to a great extent, magnifies the age-related digital divide. This paper aims to examine the impacts of the age-related digital divide on older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases of three age-related digital divide scenarios, including older people taking public transportation, seeking medical care, as well as conducting digital transactions, are collected from Chinese official news outlets. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerates the pace of digital technology utilisation but exacerbates the age-related digital divide. Such an age-related digital divide has largely excluded older adults from both the real society and the virtual society. Older adults' personal attitudes and motivations, as well as education and income, governmental policies, and family and social supports, are all major contributors to the severe impacts of the age-related digital divide on old adults during the pandemic. More measures should be adopted to bridge the age-related digital divide and build a senior-friendly e-society.
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44
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sedentary Time and Behaviour in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111286. [PMID: 34769800 PMCID: PMC8583678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the change in sedentary time during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on health outcomes in the general population. One thousand six hundred and one articles published after 2019 were retrieved from five databases, of which 64 and 40 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Studies were grouped according to population: children (<18 years), adults (18–64 years) and older adults (>65 years). Average sedentary time was calculated, with sub-analyses performed by country, behaviour type and health outcomes. Children were most affected, increasing their sedentary time by 159.5 ± 142.6 min day−1, followed by adults (+126.9 ± 42.2 min day−1) and older adults (+46.9 ± 22.0 min day−1). There were no sex differences in any age group. Screen time was the only consistently measured behaviour and accounted for 46.8% and 57.2% of total sedentary time in children and adults, respectively. Increases in sedentary time were negatively correlated with global mental health, depression, anxiety and quality of life, irrespective of age. Whilst lockdown negatively affected all age groups, children were more negatively affected than adults or older adults, highlighting this population as a key intervention target. As lockdowns ease worldwide, strategies should be employed to reduce time spent sedentary. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020208909).
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45
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Blockchain as an enabling technology in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 11:1369-1382. [PMID: 34513552 PMCID: PMC8421063 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impacts caused by the unprecedented transmission of COVID-19 have given rise to new challenges that are shaking the structures of humanity. Several enabling technologies are currently being used as key strategies in creating improvements and responses to the difficulties created by the pandemic and blockchain is one of these solution proposals. Within this scenario, this work aims to study and analyze how the blockchain technology can help in the struggle against the COVID-19 pandemic through a systematic review of the literature. Although the study is limited by the moment when the crisis is still in progress, the results show that it is clear that the adoption of the blockchain can effectively help in the fight against the coronavirus, considering that the main features of the blockchain can support the successful implementation of many use cases. This paper has the role of assisting academics and professionals in identifying the application focus of the blockchain, as well as showing the main opportunities and challenges and the relevance of the subject to the current context of the pandemic.
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46
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Ning J, Chu Y, Liu X, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li W, Zhang H. Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48298-48311. [PMID: 33904137 PMCID: PMC8075720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused huge impacts on human health and the economic operation of the world. Analyzing and summarizing the early propagation law can help reduce the losses caused by public health emergencies in the future. Early data on the spread of COVID-19 in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of mainland China except for Hubei, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan were selected in this study. Spatio-temporal analysis, inflection point analysis, and correlation analysis are used to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics in the early COVID-19 spread. The results suggested that (1) the total confirmed cases have risen in an "S"-shaped curve over time, and the daily new cases have first increased and finally decreased; (2) the spatial distributions of both total and daily new cases show a trend of more in the east and less in the west, with a "multi-center agglomeration distribution" around Hubei Province and some major cities; (3) the spatial agglomeration of total confirmed cases has been increasing over time, while that of the daily new cases shows much more obvious in the mid-stage; and (4) timely release of the first-level public health emergency response can accelerate the emergence of the epidemic inflection point. The above analysis results have a specific reference value for the government's policy-making and measures to face public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Ning
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuhan Chu
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Daojun Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jinting Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wangjun Li
- The school of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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47
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Li Q, Zhan X, Wang J, Lu H. Considerations and guidance to control the rebound in COVID-19 cases. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:341-344. [PMID: 34456212 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a serious crisis for healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 vaccine coverage has increased in many countries, but the COVID-19 epidemic has rapidly expanded, with a daily increase of 30,390 COVID-19 cases and 9,761 deaths since August 12, 2021. This article provides a brief overview of growing concerns about a rebound of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Delta variant and public health epidemic control measures that have recently been relaxed. As of August 13, 2021, 465,679 cases of COVID-19 due to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in over 120 countries. Epidemic control measures were relaxed in some areas, such as allowing large gatherings and improper criteria for ending self-isolation. Even in China, where the epidemic was tightly controlled with strict non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), new COVID-19 cases, and asymptomatic cases in particular, spiked in the first 13 days of August. More importantly, most of those cases were local, while most of the cases accounting for the previous increase were imported. Therefore, relaxed epidemic control measures and asymptomatic infections possibly caused by the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 may increase the risk of virus transmission. Accordingly, suggestions for COVID-19 containment, such as encouraging vaccination of the general population, using Internet of Things technology (loT) to reduce the possibility of contact with the asymptomatic infected, and enhancing disease surveillance, have been offered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangming Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangnan, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
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48
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Li L, Jing R, Guo J, Song Y, Geng S, Wang J, Zhang H, Lai X, Lyu Y, Feng H, Yu W, Zhu H, Fang H. The associations of geographic location and perceived risk of infection with the intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in China. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1351-1360. [PMID: 34404320 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1969917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines are a critical tool against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet little is known regarding the associations of geographic location and perceived risk with the intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in China. METHODS An on-site survey of adults aged 18 or older (n = 7261) was conducted from November to December, 2020 in China, and this survey selected six provinces based on the geographic location. RESULTS In the total sample, 82.5% reported that they would intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Compared with Hubei province, respondents' intentions to get vaccinated decreased by 70% in Zhejiang, 61% in Guangdong, 87% in Gansu, and 71% in Jilin, respectively. However, within Hubei province, compared with Wuhan city, respondents' intentions to get vaccinated in other cities were not significantly different. Respondents with higher perceived risk of infection were associated with increased odds of intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. CONCLUSION Our study identified priority geographic regions that need to pay attention on the vaccination campaign and help design effective immunization strategies to increase the vaccine uptake against COVID-19. More attention should be paid to adults residing farther from the epicenter of the outbreak and having lower perceived risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- National Immunization Program, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rize Jing
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Song
- National Immunization Program, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shufan Geng
- National Immunization Program, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lai
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huangyufei Feng
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Immunization Program, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Center for Vaccine Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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49
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Zhang Y, Bao X, Yan J, Miao H, Guo C. Anxiety and Depression in Chinese Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:697642. [PMID: 34485228 PMCID: PMC8416059 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.697642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a global health threat. Aims: This study assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese students during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored potential moderating factors. Methods: We searched English and Chinese databases using pertinent keywords for articles published and unpublished, up until November 2020. The estimate of the overall prevalence of anxiety and depression was conducted through a random-effects model. Results: A total of 31 cross-sectional studies were included. The overall prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese students during the COVID-19 pandemic was 24.0% (95% CI [20.0-29.0%]) and 22.0% (95% CI [18.0-27.0%]) respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that Chinese middle school students were at heightened risk of anxiety, while university students were at heightened risk of depression. Students who lived in higher-risk areas presented severe anxiety and depression, especially during the late period of the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions: Overall, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a high prevalence of anxiety in Chinese students and a high prevalence of depression among Chinese students in high-risk areas. Therefore, comprehensive and targeted psychological interventions should be developed to address the mental health of students in different grades, especially in high-risk areas and during the late period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuqin Bao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yan
- Department of Medcine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Hualing Miao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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50
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Wang Y, Hua L, Zou S, Deng T, Chen Y, Cao W, Wu C, Zhou Y, Zou H. The Homeless People in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Victims of the Strict Pandemic Control Measures of the Government. Front Public Health 2021; 9:679429. [PMID: 34458220 PMCID: PMC8387877 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.679429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: By implementing aggressive control measures, China has rapidly and effectively controlled the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the neglected homeless population may become victims of that perceived success. Due to political sensitivity, we know little about them. Aims: This study aimed to investigate how the pandemic and the pandemic control strategies of the government affected the lives of the homeless people in mainland China. Methods: A total of 103 eligible participants experiencing absolute homelessness were recruited from Guangzhou City during July and August 2020. Surveys measured demographic characteristics including health status, changes in daily living, and actions of the government toward the homeless during the pandemic. Sankey diagrams and ordered logit regression models were used to examine the impact on the homeless of inhumane government efforts to drive the homeless away. Qualitative materials were analyzed by using an inductive approach to provide more details. Results: First, the homeless people in Guangzhou tended to be male, aged 40 to 64 years, less well-educated, and they originated from outside Guangdong although they were living in the city center. Most had little connection with their families. After a long period of homelessness, almost half of the participants were in poor health with various conditions, which made them extremely vulnerable to COVID-19. Second, the pandemic caused a substantial decline in incomes of homeless people, had less of a negative impact on their food intake, and affected sleep time in different ways. Third, during the COVID-19 pandemic, humanitarian aid from local governments of China decreased, whereas inhumane efforts to drive the homeless away intensified. Fourth, quantitative models and qualitative materials demonstrate the devastating effect of the strict pandemic control strategy of the government on the lives of homeless people, which may further cause their health problems. Conclusion: This study for the first time illustrated the characteristic features of the street homeless population in mainland China and their living situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and most importantly demonstrated the devastating effect of the strict pandemic control of the government, which has been considered a great success in previous studies, on lives of homeless people. Urgent measures should be taken to ensure the protection of the homeless population and prevent an impending humanitarian crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Hua
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Attainment, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Government, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Zou
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Attainment, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taofeng Deng
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Attainment, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Chen
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Attainment, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Cao
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Attainment, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhan Wu
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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