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Xie R, Fan D, Cheng X, Yin Y, Li H, Wegner SV, Chen F, Zeng W. Living therapeutics: Precision diagnosis and therapy with engineered bacteria. Biomaterials 2025; 321:123342. [PMID: 40252271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Abstract
Bacteria-based therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering the potential for targeted tumor delivery, immune activation, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, the unpredictable behavior, safety concerns, and limited efficacy of wild-type bacteria pose significant challenges to their clinical translation. Recent advancements in synthetic biology and chemical engineering have enabled the development of precisely engineered bacterial platforms with enhanced controllability, targeted delivery, and reduced toxicity. This review summarize the current progress of engineered bacteria in cancer therapy. We first introduce the theoretical underpinnings and key advantages of bacterial therapies in cancer. Subsequently, we delve into the applications of genetic engineering and chemical modification techniques to enhance their therapeutic potential. Finally, we address critical challenges and future prospects, with a focus on improving safety and efficacy. This review aims to stimulate further research and provide valuable insights into the development of engineered bacterial therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Duoyang Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Haohan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Tang Y, Yang T, Zhou P, Miao L, Chen H, Deng Y. Breaking the barriers in effective and safe Toll-like receptor stimulation via nano-immunomodulators for potent cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2025; 382:113667. [PMID: 40157608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an emerging strategy that awakens the intrinsic immune system for cancer treatment. Generally, successful immunotherapy of malignant tumours relies on the effective production of tumour-associated antigens and their lymph node delivery, antigen processing and presentation for T-cell activation, and the dismantling of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are potent stimulants in cancer immunotherapy, which can directly activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and further induce T cell activation for antitumour immune response and convert immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment to an immunogenic one for cooperative tumour ablation. However, TLR agonists for effective cancer immunotherapy have encountered essential challenges, such as insufficient immune activation and systemic side effects. In recent years, nano-immunomodulators with TLR agonists have been employed for tumour- and/or lymph node-targeted immune activation to improve the antitumour immune response and alleviate their systemic toxicities, providing a promising strategy for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we introduce the recent progress in developing various TLR nano-immunomodulators for cancer immunotherapy via APC activation and tumour microenvironment remodelling. Upon elucidating the rational design principles of nano-immunomodulators, we elucidate the advancement of TLR nanoagonists to break the barriers in effective and safe Toll-like receptor stimulation for potent cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong'an Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Huabing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yibin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Zheng J, Wu B, Xu F, Shan T, Li X, Tian J, Zhang W. An all-in-one PEGylated NIR-II conjugated polymer for high-resolution blood circulation imaging and photothermal immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2025; 317:123107. [PMID: 39827511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) has shown tremendous potential for in vivo monitoring of biological processes, offering high spatial resolution and real-time imaging capabilities. Conjugated polymers, commonly used as photothermal agents (PTAs) in photothermal therapy, have emerged as promising candidates for NIR-II imaging. However, their imaging efficiency is compromised by aggregation, which arises from strong π-π stacking interactions between their extended π-conjugated backbones. In this work, we designed a novel conjugated polymer (CP) and developed an integrated nanoplatform (CPN-PEGnk, n = 2 or 5) through PEGylation. Notably, CPN-PEG5k exhibited a red-shift in NIR absorption along with a marked increase in NIR-II fluorescence intensity (2.97 folds greater) compared to physically encapsulated nanoparticles (F127@CPN). Furthermore, CPN-PEG5k retained a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 58.6%. The exceptional NIR-II imaging performance of CPN-PEG5k was validated in detailed blood circulation imaging in mice, with a signal-to-background ratio of 8.9. In addition, in a breast cancer mouse model, CPN-PEG5k successfully eradicated tumors and stimulated immune responses, effectively suppressing tumor progression and metastasis. These findings underscore the potential of CPN-PEG5k in advancing conjugated polymer applications for NIR-II imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fengxiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tongtong Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiuyi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Liu S, Chen Y, Wei W, Jiang X, Tang J. Multifunctional Nanoplatform Based on Gelatin Nanoparticles with Immunomodulatory Capabilities for Combined Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy of Melanoma. Biomacromolecules 2025; 26:2996-3010. [PMID: 40207885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential, especially when combined with chemotherapy. In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanoplatform GNPs-DOX/R848 that combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of melanoma, in which gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were loaded with the immunomodulatory agent resiquimod (R848) and the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). GNPs possessed inherent immunomodulatory properties; when combined with R848, they induced a more pronounced polarization of M1-like macrophages by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, GNPs effectively delivered R848 and DOX to tumor cells, promoting stronger therapeutic effects of the drugs, which strongly induced the immunogenic cell death triggered by DOX, leading to the infiltration of T cells into the tumor tissue. The treatment of melanoma demonstrated that GNPs-DOX/R848 significantly reduced tumor volume, enhanced the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy, providing a new approach for the combined treatment of cancer with immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zongjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Suzhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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Yin J, Sun W, Xiong H, Yao W, Liu X, Jiang H, Wang X. Photoactivated in-situ engineered-bacteria as an efficient H 2S generator to enhance photodynamic immunotherapy via remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Biomaterials 2025; 322:123388. [PMID: 40344882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
Based on the unique biological advantages of bacteria and their derivatives, biosynthetic nanomaterials have been widely used in the field of tumor therapy. Although conventional bacterial treatments demonstrate potential in activating tumor immunity, their efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth remains constrained. In this study, a photoactivated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generator was successfully prepared by in-situ engineering of bacteria, after Pt/MoS2 nanocomposites were in-situ generated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and loaded with photosensitizer Ce6. This engineered-bacteria has been proved to have good tumor targeting ability and can enhance the effect of photodynamic therapy in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. While reactive oxygen species (ROS) is effectively released, the fragmentation of bacteria can accelerate the release of abundant H2S, and promote tumor-specific H2S gas therapy, which can effectively remodel the tumor microenvironment and promote the activation of anti-tumor immunotherapy. This engineered bacteria not only improves the tumor specificity and effectiveness of H2S treatment, but also provides a new idea for nanomaterials in bacterial-mediated synergistic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hongjie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Hu X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Guo P, Lv Y, Ma G, Wei W, Wang S. Versatile PLGA-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL METHODS 2025; 9:e2401623. [PMID: 39924767 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, which utilizes the immune system to fight cancer, represents a revolutionary method for cancer treatment. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer has emerged as a promising material for tumor immunotherapy due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility in drug delivery. By tuning the size, shape, and surface properties of PLGA-based systems, researchers have improved their ability to align with the requirements for diverse tumor immunotherapy modalities. In this review, the basic properties of the PLGA materials are first introduced and further the principal forms of the PLGA systems for controlled release are summarized and delivery applications are targeted. In addition, recent advances in the use of PLGA delivery systems are highlighted to enhance antitumor immune responses in terms of tumor vaccines, immunogenic cell death-mediated immune responses, tumor microenvironment modulation, and combination immunotherapies. Finally, prospects for the future research and clinical translation of PLGA materials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan Q, Li J, Jia S, Chen X, Wang S. Self-Accelerated Nanoregulators for Positive Feedback Ferroptosis-Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2408156. [PMID: 40026025 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Activating specific immunity through intelligent delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs shows great potential for effective tumor therapy. However, conventional tumor microenvironment-responsive nanomedicines are often difficult to achieve both specificity and sensitivity, leading to severe adverse effects or limited drug release efficiency. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor will also seriously restrict the treatment efficacy. In this work, a cascade-responsive multi-polyprodrug nanoregulator is developed. Under the tumor microenvironment with high hydrogen peroxide level, the nanoregulators can simultaneously release chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor (1-methyl-tryptophan) and cinnamaldehyde in a self-accelerating manner. The combination of reactive oxygen species-induced ferroptosis and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis can synergistically enhance immunogenic cell death and activate the immune response. The released1-methyl-tryptophan can promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation and reduce immune escape by inhibiting the tryptophan conversion. Meanwhile, it also enhances ferroptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species scavenging and cystine/glutamate antiporter expression, achieving the positive feedback ferroptosis-immunotherapy. This work provides a self-accelerated drug delivery strategy and a potential cooperation mode for tumor synergistic immunotherapy based on ferroptosis-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiansen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shitian Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Li M, Liu Q, Xie S, Weng D, He J, Yang X, Liu Y, You J, Liao J, Wang P, Lu X, Zhao J. Transformable Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Oxygen Vacancy-Rich MnO 2@Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres for Highly Efficient Cancer Sonodynamic Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2414162. [PMID: 39960349 PMCID: PMC11984894 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202414162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
Despite the promise of sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-mediated immunotherapy, the anticancer efficacy of current sonosensitizers is greatly limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and their inability to selectively respond to it. Herein, oxygen vacancy-rich MnO2@hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) core-shell nanospheres (denoted as Ov-MO@CPO) as an advanced TME-responsive sonosensitizer for sonodynamic immunotherapy is demonstrated. The Ov-MO@CPO maintains its structural integrity under neutral conditions but dissolves the pH-sensitive hydroxyapatite shell under acidic TME to release active oxygen vacancy-rich MnO2 core, which reinvigorates H2O2 consumption and hypoxia alleviation due to its catalase-like activity. Furthermore, the introduced oxygen vacancies optimize the electronic structure of Ov-MO@CPO, with active electronic states near the Fermi level and higher d-band center. It results in accelerated electron-hole pair separation and lower catalytic energy barriers to boost ultrasound (US)-initiated ROS production. These multimodal synergistic effects effectively reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. No evident toxic effects are observed in normal mouse tissues. Additionally, when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, Ov-MO@CPO-mediated SDT further improves the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This work affords a new avenue for developing TME-dependent sonosensitizers for SDT-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- The Key Lab of Low‐carbon Chem & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Songzuo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Desheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jinjun He
- The Key Lab of Low‐carbon Chem & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jinqi You
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jinghao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Emergency MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
| | - Xihong Lu
- The Key Lab of Low‐carbon Chem & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of BiotherapySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
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9
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Yuan X, Kang Y, Li R, Niu G, Shi J, Yang Y, Fan Y, Ye J, Han J, Pei Z, Zhang Z, Ji X. Magnetically triggered thermoelectric heterojunctions with an efficient magnetic-thermo-electric energy cascade conversion for synergistic cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2369. [PMID: 40064895 PMCID: PMC11894112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectric therapy has been emerging as a promising and versatile strategy for targeting malignant tumors treatment. However, the lack of effective time-space controlled triggering of thermoelectric effect in vivo limits the application of thermoelectric therapy. Here a magnetically triggered thermoelectric heterojunction (CuFe2O4/SrTiO3, CFO/STO) for synergistic thermoelectric/chemodynamic/immuno-therapy is developed. The efficient magnetothermal nanoagent (CFO) is synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and thermoelectric nanomaterials (STO) are grown on its surface to create the heterojunction. To enhance oral delivery efficiency, a fusion membrane (M) of Staphylococcus aureus and macrophage cell membranes are coated the CFO/STO heterojunction, enabling effective targeting of orthotopic colorectal cancer. Once the CFO/STO@M reaches the tumor region, in vitro alternating magnetic field (AMF) stimulation activates the catalytic treatment through a magnetic-thermo-electric energy cascade conversion effect. Additionally, the immunogenic death of tumor cells, down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock protein HSP70, increasing expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1/VCAM-1), and M1 polarization of macrophages contribute to tumor immunotherapy. Overall, the magnetically triggered thermoelectric heterojunction based on CFO/STO@M shows remarkable antitumor capability in female mice, offering a promising approach to broaden both the scope of application and the effectiveness of catalytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Kang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaoli Niu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyue Fan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Han
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengcun Pei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuhong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Medical College, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
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10
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Park SY, Pylaeva E, Bhuria V, Gambardella AR, Schiavoni G, Mougiakakos D, Kim SH, Jablonska J. Harnessing myeloid cells in cancer. Mol Cancer 2025; 24:69. [PMID: 40050933 PMCID: PMC11887392 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-025-02249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated myeloid cells due to their plasticity play dual roles in both promoting and inhibiting tumor progression. Myeloid cells with immunosuppressive properties play a critical role in anti-cancer immune regulation. Cells of different origin, such as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid derived suppressor cells (also called MDSCs) and eosinophils are often expanded in cancer patients and significantly influence their survival, but also the outcome of anti-cancer therapies. For this reason, the variety of preclinical and clinical studies to modulate the activity of these cells have been conducted, however without successful outcome to date. In this review, pro-tumor activity of myeloid cells, myeloid cell-specific therapeutic targets, in vivo studies on myeloid cell re-polarization and the impact of myeloid cells on immunotherapies/genetic engineering are addressed. This paper also summarizes ongoing clinical trials and the concept of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapies, and suggests future research perspectives, offering new opportunities in the development of novel clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vikas Bhuria
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45147, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, Essen, Germany.
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11
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He Y, Hong Q, Chen S, Zhou J, Qiu S. Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer: a pathway to enhanced immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1558091. [PMID: 40098971 PMCID: PMC11911521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1558091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health concern due to its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options, particularly in advanced stages. Tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plays a key role in tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. TAMs exhibit plasticity, shifting between pro-inflammatory M1 and immunosuppressive M2 phenotypes, with the latter predominating in GC and contributing to poor outcomes. Recent therapeutic advancements focus on targeting TAMs, including inhibiting M2 polarization, reprogramming TAMs to M1 phenotypes, and combining TAM-targeted approaches with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Innovations in nanotechnology, metabolic reprogramming, and targeting key pathways such as interleukin-6 and C-C motif ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 further enhance these strategies. However, challenges remain, including the spatial and functional heterogeneity of TAMs within the TME and the need for selective targeting to avoid disrupting immune homeostasis. Ongoing research on TAM origins, functions, and interactions within the TME is crucial for developing precise and effective therapies. These advances hold promise not only for improving outcomes in GC but also for addressing other cancers with similarly complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengliang Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang
Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Rodponthukwaji K, Khowawisetsut L, Limjunyawong N, Kunwong N, Duangchan K, Sripinitchai S, Sathornsumetee S, Nguyen T, Srisawat C, Punnakitikashem P. Enhanced Anticancer Effects Through Combined Therapeutic Model of Macrophage Polarization and Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Multifunctional Lipid Nanocomposites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2025; 113:e37886. [PMID: 39972623 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Although the mono-anticancer therapy approach particularly directly targeting tumors is still common, this conventional method is generally deemed not effective and insufficient. In tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs, referred to as M2-polarized) play a crucial role in creating an immunosuppressive TME, contributing to various pro-tumorigenic effects. A promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth involves re-educating M2 macrophages into tumoricidal macrophages (M1). Therefore, combining macrophage reprogramming with cancer cell death induction in a single modality may offer synergistic benefits in cancer therapy. Here, we engineered a lipid-based delivery platform capable of co-delivering resiquimod (R848) and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (PIC). R848 in our nanosystem effectively triggered M2-to-M1 repolarization, as evidenced by the upregulation of M1 marker genes (TNF, IL6), the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and the downregulation of the M2 marker gene, MRC1. On the other hand, the presence of PIC increased caspase-3/7 activity leading to cancer cell death through the apoptotic pathway. This nanocarrier system established a multifunctional platform to enhance the anticancer effect. The synergistic effect of repolarized macrophages in combination with the induction of apoptosis, facilitated by our nanomedicine, was evident in a co-culture system of macrophage and cancer cells, showing a significant increase in cancer cell death compared to individual treatments. These findings attractively demonstrated the potential of our multifunctional lipid nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for anticancer treatment by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and simultaneously increasing cancer cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonlatth Rodponthukwaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natsuda Kunwong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kongpop Duangchan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Sripinitchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sith Sathornsumetee
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Primana Punnakitikashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Kuhl GC, Tangney M. Bacterial-Mediated In Situ Engineering of Tumour-Associated Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:723. [PMID: 40075571 PMCID: PMC11899205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical components of the tumour microenvironment (TME), significantly influencing cancer progression and treatment resistance. This review aims to explore the innovative use of engineered bacteria to reprogram TAMs, enhancing their anti-tumour functions and improving therapeutic outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review following a predefined protocol. Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant studies on TAMs, their phenotypic plasticity, and the use of engineered bacteria for reprogramming. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select studies, and data were extracted using standardised forms. Data synthesis was performed to summarise the findings, focusing on the mechanisms and therapeutic benefits of using non-pathogenic bacteria to modify TAMs. RESULTS The review summarises the findings that engineered bacteria can selectively target TAMs, promoting a shift from the tumour-promoting M2 phenotype to the tumour-fighting M1 phenotype. This reprogramming enhances pro-inflammatory responses and anti-tumour activity within the TME. Evidence from various studies indicates significant tumour regression and improved immune responses following bacterial therapy. CONCLUSIONS Reprogramming TAMs using engineered bacteria presents a promising strategy for cancer therapy. This approach leverages the natural targeting abilities of bacteria to modify TAMs directly within the tumour, potentially improving patient outcomes and offering new insights into immune-based cancer treatments. Further research is needed to optimise these methods and assess their clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Christina Kuhl
- Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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14
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Wang N, Wu S, Huang L, Hu Y, He X, He J, Hu B, Xu Y, Rong Y, Yuan C, Zeng X, Wang F. Intratumoral microbiome: implications for immune modulation and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. J Biomed Sci 2025; 32:23. [PMID: 39966840 PMCID: PMC11837407 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-025-01117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements have revealed the presence of a microbiome within tumor tissues, underscoring the crucial role of the tumor microbiome in the tumor ecosystem. This review delves into the characteristics of the intratumoral microbiome, underscoring its dual role in modulating immune responses and its potential to both suppress and promote tumor growth. We examine state-of-the-art techniques for detecting and analyzing intratumoral bacteria, with a particular focus on their interactions with the immune system and the resulting implications for cancer prognosis and treatment. By elucidating the intricate crosstalk between the intratumoral microbiome and the host immune system, we aim to uncover novel therapeutic strategies that enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments. Additionally, this review addresses the existing challenges and future prospects within this burgeoning field, advocating for the integration of microbiome research into comprehensive cancer therapy frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lanxiang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jourong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Center for Tumor Precision Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
| | - Xiantao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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15
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Li G, Yang H, Ke T, Tan N, Du X, Duan X, Zhou X, Zheng G, Liao C. Escherichia coli combination with PD-1 blockade synergistically enhances immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme by regulating the immune cells. J Transl Med 2025; 23:164. [PMID: 39920704 PMCID: PMC11806791 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary intracranial malignancy. It is characterized by insufficient infiltration of anti-tumor T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering it an "immune cold" disease. This immune deficiency results in poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated that bacteria can proliferate within tumors and activate immune responses. Therefore, in this study, we employed Escherichia coli (E. coli) in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies to treat GBM, with the aim of exploring the immune-activating potential of E. coli in GBM and its synergistic effect on anti-PD-1 therapy. METHODS The E. coli and anti-PD-1 antibody therapy were administered intravenously and intraperitoneally, respectively. Complete blood cell count, blood biochemical analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and agar plate culture were employed to evaluate the biosafety and tumor-targeting capability of E. coli. ELISA kits were used to detect innate immune cytokines. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate T cells. Tumor volume of tumor-bearing mice was recorded to evaluate the combined treatment efficacy. H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the tumor inhibition markers. RESULTS E.coli can specifically target into the tumor region, and activate the innate immune response in mice. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry results demonstrated that the combination treatment group exhibited a significant upregulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and a marked suppression of regulatory T cells compared to the control group. The expression of Ki67 was significantly downregulated, and TUNEL staining revealed an increased number of apoptotic cells in the combination treatment group. Furthermore, the tumor growth rate in the combination treatment group was significantly slower than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS E. coli exhibits potential anti-tumor activity and can activate the innate immune response and further regulate immune cells in the tumor tissues to synergize the effect of anti-PD-1 therapy on GBM, providing new insights to enhance the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Li
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tengfei Ke
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan Campus), Kunming, China
| | - Na Tan
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China.
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City (Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China.
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16
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Zhang LY, Chen XT, Li RT, Meng W, Huang GQ, Chen YJ, Ge FJ, Zhang Q, Quan YJ, Zhang CT, Liu YF, Chen M, Chen JX. Overcoming hypoxia-induced breast cancer drug resistance: a novel strategy using hollow gold-platinum bimetallic nanoshells. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:85. [PMID: 39910569 PMCID: PMC11800444 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-025-03132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumor, is associated with drug resistance and a poor prognosis in BC. In this study, we present a strategy to overcome hypoxia-induced chemotherapy tolerance in BC. Specifically, we synthesized a hollow gold (Au)-platinum (Pt) bimetallic nanoshell for the first time, which acted as a drug delivery system (DDS) for doxorubicin (DOX). The photothermal effect, induced by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from the Au-Pt shell under near infrared-II (NIR-II) laser irradiation, not only directly causes tumor cell death through photothermal therapy (PTT), but also significantly enhances the catalase-like activity between Pt nanoparticles and endogenous H2O2. This, subsequently, results in a heightened yield of O2, which further facilitates the release of DOX. This process alleviates tumor hypoxia and down-regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which can reverse drug resistance and achieve more effective DOX chemotherapy effects. Significantly, the increased availability of oxygen further re-polarizes immunosuppressive M2 macrophages into antitumor M1 macrophages. This study presents a novel strategy to tackle tumor proliferation and enhance tumor response to chemotherapy, offering hope for reversing in drug resistance in cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Ying Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, 525200, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, 525200, China
| | - Rong-Tian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guo-Qin Huang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, 525200, China
| | - Yong-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Feng-Jun Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Yu-Jun Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Cai-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, 525200, China.
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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17
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Qin J, Liu J, Wei Z, Li X, Chen Z, Li J, Zheng W, Liu H, Xu S, Yong T, Zhao B, Gou S, Ju S, Teng GJ, Yang X, Gan L. Targeted intervention in nerve-cancer crosstalk enhances pancreatic cancer chemotherapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2025; 20:311-324. [PMID: 39496914 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024]
Abstract
Nerve-cancer crosstalk has gained substantial attention owing to its impact on tumour growth, metastasis and therapy resistance. Effective therapeutic strategies targeting tumour-associated nerves within the intricate tumour microenvironment remain a major challenge in pancreatic cancer. Here we develop Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-derived outer membrane vesicles conjugated with nerve-binding peptide NP41, loaded with the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor larotrectinib (Lar@NP-OMVs) for tumour-associated nerve targeting. Lar@NP-OMVs achieve efficient nerve intervention to diminish neurite growth by disrupting the neurotrophin/Trk signalling pathway. Moreover, OMV-mediated repolarization of M2-like tumour-associated macrophages to an M1-like phenotype results in nerve injury, further accentuating Lar@NP-OMV-induced nerve intervention to inhibit nerve-triggered proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells and angiogenesis. Leveraging this strategy, Lar@NP-OMVs significantly reduce nerve infiltration and neurite growth promoted by gemcitabine within the tumour microenvironment, leading to augmented chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer. This study sheds light on a potential avenue for nerve-targeted therapeutic intervention for enhancing pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianye Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuying Yong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Zhao
- Cultivation and Construction Site of the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanmiao Gou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Cultivation and Construction Site of the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Cultivation and Construction Site of the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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18
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Xu H, Wang Y, Liu G, Zhu Z, Shahbazi M, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Shi X, Zu M, Xiao B. Nano-Armed Limosilactobacillus reuteri for Enhanced Photo-Immunotherapy and Microbiota Tryptophan Metabolism against Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2410011. [PMID: 39739630 PMCID: PMC11831460 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202410011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
Despite being a groundbreaking approach to treating colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of immunotherapy is significantly compromised by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota. Here, leveraging the superior carrying capacity and innate immunity-stimulating property of living bacteria, a nanomedicine-engineered bacterium, LR-S-CD/CpG@LNP, with optical responsiveness, immune-stimulating activity, and the ability to regulate microbiota metabolome is developed. Immunoadjuvant (CpG) and carbon dot (CD) co-loaded plant lipid nanoparticles (CD/CpG@LNPs) are constructed and conjugated to the surface of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR) via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive linkers. The inherent photothermal and photodynamic properties of oral CD/CpG@LNPs induce in situ cytotoxic ROS generation and immunogenic cell death of colorectal tumor cells. The generated neoantigens and the released CpG function as a potent in situ vaccine that stimulates the maturation of immature dendritic cells. The mature dendritic cells and metabolites secreted by LR subsequently facilitated the tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to eradicate colorectal tumors. The further in vivo results demonstrate that the photo-immunotherapy and intestinal microbial metabolite regulation of LR-S-CD/CpG@LNPs collectively suppressed the growth of orthotopic colorectal tumors and their liver metastases, presenting a promising avenue for synergistic treatment of CRC via the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource InsectsCollege of SericultureTextile, and Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of PharmacyPersonalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengdu610054China
| | - Ga Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource InsectsCollege of SericultureTextile, and Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Mohammad‐Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 1Groningen9713 AVNetherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 1Groningen9713 AVNetherlands
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research GroupI3Bs — Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark, BarcoGuimarães4805‐017Portugal
- ICVS/3B's‐PT Government Associate LaboratoryBragaGuimarães4800‐058Portugal
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3Bs Research GroupI3Bs — Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark, BarcoGuimarães4805‐017Portugal
- ICVS/3B's‐PT Government Associate LaboratoryBragaGuimarães4800‐058Portugal
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource InsectsCollege of SericultureTextile, and Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Menghang Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource InsectsCollege of SericultureTextile, and Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of PharmacyPersonalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengdu610054China
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19
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Yalamandala BN, Moorthy T, Liu ZH, Huynh TMH, Iao HM, Pan WC, Wang KL, Chiang CS, Chiang WH, Liao LD, Liu YC, Hu SH. A Self-Cascading Catalytic Therapy and Antigen Capture Scaffold-Mediated T Cells Augments for Postoperative Brain Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2406178. [PMID: 39676476 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
The recruitment of T lymphocytes holds great potential for suppressing the most aggressive glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence with immunotherapy. However, the phenomenon of immune privilege and the generally low immunogenicity of vaccines often reduce the presence of lymphocytes within brain tumors, especially in brain tumor recurrence clusters. In this study, an implantable self-cascading catalytic therapy and antigen capture scaffold (CAS) that can boost catalytic therapy efficiency at post-surgery brain tumor and capture the antigens via urethane-polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol (PU-EO-PO) segments are developed for postoperative brain immunotherapy. The CAS consists of 3D-printed elastomers modified with iron (Fe2+) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, MIL88) and acts as a programmed peroxide mimic in cancer cells to initiate the Fenton reaction and sustain ROS production. With the assistance of chloroquine (CQ), autophagy is inhibited through lysosome deacidification, which interrupts the self-defense mechanism, further enhances cytotoxicity, and releases antigens. Then, CAS containing PU-EO-PO groups acts as an antigen depot to detain autologous tumor-associated antigens to dendritic cells maturation and T cell augments for sustained immune stimulation. CAS enhanced the immune response to postoperative brain tumors and improved survival through brain immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Nirosha Yalamandala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Thrinayan Moorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Thi My Hue Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hoi Man Iao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Laboratory for Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shang-Hsiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
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20
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Zhang L, Chen X, Zhou B, Meng W, Zeng H, Chen Y, Huang G, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen M, Chen J. Cocktail strategy-based nanomedicine: A synergistic cascade of starvation, NIR-II photothermal, and gas therapy for enhanced tumor immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2025; 193:316-333. [PMID: 39701339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a highly promising strategy in the realm of cancer treatment, wherein immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered a potential trigger for anti-tumor immunity by inducing adaptive immunity to dying cell antigens. This process is often accompanied by the exposure, active secretion, or passive release of a large number of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which activate dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance their antigen-presenting capacity. Subsequently, it promotes the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, ultimately leading to tumor growth inhibition. In addition, polarizing the M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to the M1 phenotype is another way to activate anti-tumor immunity, which can further enhance the effect of anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we engineered a composite nanoparticle of UiO-66-NH2@Gold nanoshells@GOx-P-Arg (denoted as UGsGP). The gold nano shells in UGsGP exhibit a broad Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) absorption to give a high photothermal conversion efficiency and achieve photothermal therapy (PTT). The GOx in UGsGP involves the breakdown of glucose, which results in a decrease in ATP levels and an inhibition of HSP90 and HSP70 production, ultimately enhancing the heat sensitivity of the tumor for PTT. In addition, GOx-mediated starvation therapy by glucose exhaustion produces a substantial amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can then react with P-Arg to produce intratumoral NO Thus, the synergistic effect of PTT resensitization, the photothermally-enhanced GOx-mediated starvation, and NO-based gas therapy promote the induction of ICD and the polarization of TAMs. The combination therapy exhibits significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) Gold nanoshells on the surface of UiO-66-NH2 display a broad absorption spectrum ranging from 900 to 1700 nm, combined with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 74.0 %, demonstrating their remarkable ability to harness and convert light energy into heat for effective tumor ablation. (2) Under laser irradiation, GOx within the UGsGPs effectively consumes glucose, increasing intratumoral H2O2 levels, which then reacts with P-Arg to produce NO within the tumor. Concurrently, the reduction in ATP levels suppresses HSP90 and HSP70 production, thereby enhancing the tumor's sensitivity to photothermal therapy. (3) The synergistic combination of NO gas therapy, starvation therapy, and PTT promotes ICD induction and TAM polarization, thereby improving the therapeutic outcomes for primary and distant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming 525200, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Haifeng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yingshan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming 525200, China.
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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21
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Chen F, Qiu Y, Liu J. NIR responsive nanosystem based on upconversion nanoparticle-engineered bacteria for immune/photodynamic combined therapy with bacteria self-clearing capability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 678:583-594. [PMID: 39305626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/27/2024]
Abstract
Biological engineering bacteria hold great promise in tumor therapy due to their targeted delivery, tumor penetration, and tumor-specific activation capabilities. However, the use of live bacteria raises safety concerns, as they can potentially cause infections or adverse immune responses in patients. Additionally, most biological engineering bacteria are only responsive to blue light, which has limited penetration depth within biological tissues. To address these limitations, we have developed a nanoplatform that combines dual-emission upconversion nanoparticles (referred to as DDUCNPs), which can realize dual-wavelength emission under dual-wavelength excitation, with biological engineering bacteria for tumor treatment and the self-clearance of biological engineering bacteria after therapy in the near-infrared (NIR) window. This design allows us to utilize 980 nm light, which is converted to blue light by the DDUCNPs, to activate the bacteria and promote the controlled release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) for precise tumor ablation. Subsequently, we employ 808 nm excitation to achieve light conversion into the red light, thereby activating photosensitizer molecules and generating singlet oxygen (ROS) for in vivo clearance of the bacteria involved in the treatment. Simultaneously, the generated ROS also undergoes photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the tumor to enhance the therapeutic effect. By combining these elements on a single platform, our system achieves the activation and self-clearance of biological engineering bacteria in the NIR window, effectively enabling tumor treatment. This approach overcomes the limitations of blue light penetration and addresses safety concerns associated with live bacteria, offering a promising strategy for precise and controlled tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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22
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Yang F, Ge Y, Zhang Y, Cui Z, Lin S, Ni W, Sun Z, Shen D, Zhu J, Liu L, Zhao S, Huang N, Sun F, Lu Y, Shi S, Li J. NIR-Activated Hydrogel with Dual-Enhanced Antibiotic Effectiveness for Thorough Elimination of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:2952-2965. [PMID: 39760335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a critical health crisis globally. Traditional strategies using antibiotics can lead to drug-resistance, while inorganic antimicrobial agents can cause severe systemic toxicity. Here, we have developed a dual-antibiotic hydrogel delivery system (PDA-Ag@Levo/CMCS), which can achieve controlled release of clinical antibiotics levofloxacin (Levo) and classic nanoscale antibiotic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), effectively eliminating drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Benefiting from the photothermal (PTT) effect of polydopamine (PDA), the local high temperature generated by PDA-Ag@Levo/CMCS can quickly kill bacteria through continuous and responsive release of dual-antibiotics to restore sensitivity to ineffective antibiotics. Moreover, AgNPs could significantly improve the efficiency of traditional antibiotics by disrupting bacterial membranes and reducing their toxicity to healthy tissues. A clever combination of PTT and drug-combination therapy can effectively eliminate biofilms and drug-resistant bacteria. Mechanism studies have shown that PDA-Ag@Levo might eliminate drug-resistant P. aeruginosa by disrupting biofilm formation and protein synthesis, and inhibit the resistance mutation of P. aeruginosa by promoting the expression of related genes, such as rpoS, dinB, and mutS. Collectively, the synergistic effect of this dual-antibiotic hydrogel combined with PTT provides a creative strategy for eliminating drug-resistant bacteria in chronic infection wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200435, China
| | - Yuqi Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200435, China
| | - Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shiyang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenxuan Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zijiu Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jichao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200435, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200435, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200435, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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23
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Yazdimamaghani M, Kolupaev OV, Lim C, Hwang D, Laurie SJ, Perou CM, Kabanov AV, Serody JS. Tumor microenvironment immunomodulation by nanoformulated TLR 7/8 agonist and PI3k delta inhibitor enhances therapeutic benefits of radiotherapy. Biomaterials 2025; 312:122750. [PMID: 39126779 PMCID: PMC11401478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Infiltration of immunosuppressive cells into the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is associated with suppressed effector T cell (Teff) responses, accelerated tumor growth, and poor clinical outcomes. Previous studies from our group and others identified infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) as critical contributors to immune dysfunction in the orthotopic claudin-low tumor model, limiting the efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy. However, approaches to target these cells in the TME are currently lacking. To overcome this barrier, polymeric micellular nanoparticles (PMNPs) were used for the co-delivery of small molecule drugs activating Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) and inhibiting PI3K delta (PI3Kδ). The immunomodulation of the TME by TLR7/8 agonist and PI3K inhibitor led to type 1 macrophage polarization, decreased MDSC accumulation and selectively decreased tissue-resident Tregs in the TME, while enhancing the T and B cell adaptive immune responses. PMNPs significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of local radiation therapy (RT) in mice bearing orthotopic claudin-low tumors compared to RT alone. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RT combined with a nanoformulated immunostimulant diminished the immunosuppressive TME resulting in tumor regression. These findings set the stage for clinical studies of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdimamaghani
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oleg V Kolupaev
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chaemin Lim
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonia J Laurie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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24
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Chen X, Tian P, Chai W, Zhang L, Qin M, Fan M, Liang N, Kim J, Wang Y, Lu WW, Wang D, Cui X, Pan H. A Multisynergistic Strategy for Bone Tumor Treatment: Orchestrating Oxidative Stress and Autophagic Flux Inhibition by Environmental-Response Nanoparticle. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2402872. [PMID: 39663711 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Tumor therapy has advanced significantly in recent years, but tumor cells can still evade and survive the treatment through various mechanisms. Notably, tumor cells use autophagy to sustain viability by removing impaired mitochondria and clearing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the aim is to amplify intracellular oxidative stress by inhibiting mitochondrial autophagic flux. Multisynergistic environmental-response nanoparticles (ERNs) are engineered by integrating gold nanoparticles and copper peroxide with borosilicate bioactive glass. The controlled release of copper and inhibition of autophagy flux triggered an overabundance and accumulation of oxidative stress within the tumor cells. This stress triggered immunogenic tumor cell death, believed to initiate a systemic immune response. The tumor microenvironment (TME) transitioned back to a normal physiological state as tumor cells are ablated. ERNs responded to the microenvironment changes by depositing hydroxyapatite on the surface and spontaneously enhancing bone regeneration. This innovative formulation facilitates the functional transition of ERNs from "anti-tumor therapy" to "biomineralization" that kills cancers and induces new bone formation. Overall, it is shown that the ERNs effectively eradicate cancers by utilizing chemodynamic therapy, starvation therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Chen
- School of materials science and engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Chai
- School of materials science and engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Muyan Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Mengke Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Na Liang
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Jua Kim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150070, P.R. China
| | - Weijia William Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Deping Wang
- School of materials science and engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Healthemes Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518120, P.R. China
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Cao Y, Yan W, Yi W, Yin Q, Li Y. Bioengineered therapeutic systems for improving antitumor immunity. Natl Sci Rev 2025; 12:nwae404. [PMID: 40114728 PMCID: PMC11925021 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, a monumental advancement in antitumor therapy, still yields limited clinical benefits owing to its unguaranteed efficacy and safety. Therapeutic systems derived from cellular, bacterial and viral sources possess inherent properties that are conducive to antitumor immunotherapy. However, crude biomimetic systems have restricted functionality and may produce undesired toxicity. With advances in biotechnology, various toolkits are available to add or subtract certain properties of living organisms to create flexible therapeutic platforms. This review elaborates on the creation of bioengineered systems, via gene editing, synthetic biology and surface engineering, to enhance immunotherapy. The modifying strategies of the systems are discussed, including equipment for navigation and recognition systems to improve therapeutic precision, the introduction of controllable components to control the duration and intensity of treatment, the addition of immunomodulatory components to amplify immune activation, and the removal of toxicity factors to ensure biosafety. Finally, we summarize the advantages of bioengineered immunotherapeutic systems and possible directions for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenlu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenzhe Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
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Zhao Y, Kong W, Zhu J, Qu F. Bimodal accurate H 2O 2 regulation to equalize tumor-associated macrophage repolarization and immunogenic tumor cell death elicitation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:20403-20412. [PMID: 39583561 PMCID: PMC11580027 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc06305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous implementation of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) repolarization and immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD) elicitation enables tumor immunotherapy with high efficacy. However, the inconsistency of stimulation tolerance restricts simultaneous implementation. To address this obstacle, we validate that an H2O2-mediated regulatory strategy could achieve coordinated occurrences. To accomplish this, a bimodal responsive modulator is constructed, namely ZnO2-ATM (ATM: 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole), as an immune adjuvant to coordinate the occurrence of TAM repolarization and ICD elicitation through the endo/exogenous synergistic responsive production of H2O2. H2O2 produced by ZnO2-ATM reverses the immune-suppressive TAM from an M2 to an M1 phenotype, but induces tumor cell necrosis and promotes damage-related molecular pattern release, thereby evoking ICD. This H2O2-mediation bimodal responsive therapeutic strategy to induce the synergistic occurrence of TAM repolarization and ICD elicitation promotes effective immune effects against tumors, demonstrating that the ZnO2-ATM nanoadjuvant could be expected to provide new tools and paradigms for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 China
| | - Weiheng Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Cancer Hospital of Chinese Science Academy Hangzhou Zhejiang 310004 China
| | - Fengli Qu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022 China
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Chen Y, Mao K, Han D, Ma R, Sun T, Zhang H, Han B. Nanomedicine based on chemotherapy-induced immunogenic death combined with immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1511423. [PMID: 39697556 PMCID: PMC11652165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1511423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemo-immunotherapy based on inducing tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD)with chemotherapy drugs has filled the gaps between traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It is verified that paclitaxel (PTX) can induce breast tumor ICD. From this basis, a kind of nanoparticle that can efficiently deliver different drug components simultaneously is constructed. The purpose of this study is for the sake of exploring the scheme of chemotherapy-induced ICD combined with other immunotherapy to enhance tumor immunogenicity and inhibit the growth, metastasis, and recurrence of breast tumors, so as to provide a research basis for solving the tough problem of breast cancer treatment. Methods Nanomedicine loaded with PTX, small interference RNA that suppresses CD47 expression (CD47siRNA, siCD47), and immunomodulator R848 were prepared by the double emulsification method. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 were characterized. Established the tumor-bearing mice model of mouse breast cancer cell line (4T1) in situ and observed the effect of intravenous injection of NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 on the growth of 4T1 tumor in situ. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of drugs on tumor immune cells. Results NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 nano-drug with tumor therapeutic potential were successfully prepared by double emulsification method, with particle size of 121.5 ± 4.5 nm and surface potential of 36.1 ± 2.5 mV. The calreticulin on the surface of cell membrane and extracellular ATP or HMGB1 of 4T1 cells increased through treatment with NPs. NP/PTX-treated tumor cells could cause activation of BMDCs and BMDMs. After intravenous injection, NP/PTX could quickly reach the tumor site and accumulate for 24 h. The weight and volume of tumor in situ in the breast cancer model mice injected with nanomedicine through the tail vein were significantly lower than those in the PBS group. The ratio of CD8+/CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and the percentage of dendritic cells in peripheral blood increased significantly in breast cancer model mice injected with nano-drugs through the tail vein. Discussion Briefly, the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel can induce breast cancer to induce ICD. The nanomedicine which can deliver PTX, CD47siRNA, and R848 at the same time was prepared by double emulsification. NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 nano-drug can be enriched in the tumor site. The experiment of 4T1 cell tumor-bearing mice shows that the nano-drug can enhance tumor immunogenicity and inhibit breast tumor growth, which provides a new scheme for breast cancer treatment. (Graphical abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center of The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kuirong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Ruolin Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center of The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang Y, Sun C, Liu Z, Zhang S, Gao K, Yi F, Zhou W, Liu H. Nanoengineered Endocytic Biomaterials for Stem Cell Therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202410714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
AbstractStem cells, ideal for the tissue repair and regeneration, possess extraordinary capabilities of multidirectional differentiation and self‐renewal. However, the limited spontaneous differentiation potential makes it challenging to harness them for tissue repair without external intervention. Although conventional approaches using biomolecules, small organic molecules, and ions have shown specific and effective functions, they face challenges such as in vivo diffusion and degradation, poor internalization, and side effects on adjacent cells. Nanoengineered biomaterials offer a solution by solidifying and nanosizing these soluble regulating molecules and ions, facilitating their uptake by stem cells. Once inside lysosomes, these nanoparticles release their contents in a controlled “molecule or ion storm,” efficiently altering the intracellular biological and chemical microenvironment to tune the differentiation of stem cells. This newly emerged approach for regulating stem cell fate has attracted much attention in recent years. This method has shown promising results and is poised to enhance clinical stem cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the design principles for nanoengineered biomaterials, discusses the categories and characteristics of nanoparticles, summarizes the application of nanoparticles in tissue repair and regeneration, and discusses the direction of nanoparticle‐enhanced stem cell therapy and prospects for its clinical application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
| | - Fan Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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Liang Y, Zhang S, Wang D, Ji P, Zhang B, Wu P, Wang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Duan Y, Yuan L. Dual-Functional Nanodroplet for Tumor Vasculature Ultrasound Imaging and Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Remodeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401274. [PMID: 39031111 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Accurately evaluating tumor neoangiogenesis and conducting precise interventions toward an immune-favorable microenvironment are of significant clinical importance. In this study, a novel nanodroplet termed as the nanodroplet-based ultrasound contrast agent and therapeutic (NDsUCA/Tx) is designed for ultrasound imaging and precise interventions of tumor neoangiogenesis. Briefly, the NDsUCA/Tx shell is constructed from an engineered CMs containing the tumor antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) extracellular domain 2-3, and CD93 ligand multimerin 2. The core is composed of perfluorohexane and the immune adjuvant R848. After injection, NDsUCA/Tx is found to be enriched in the tumor vasculature with high expression of CD93. When triggered by ultrasound, the perfluorohexane in NDsUCA/Tx underwent acoustic droplet vaporization and generated an enhanced ultrasound signal. Some microbubbles exploded and the resultant debris (with tumor antigen and R848) together with the adsorbed VEGF are taken up by nearby cells. This cleared the local VEGF for vascular normalization, and also served as a vaccine to activate the immune response. Using a syngeneic mouse model, the satisfactory performance of NDsUCA/Tx in tumor vasculature imaging and immune activation is confirmed. Thus, a multifunctional NDsUCA/Tx is successfully developed for molecular imaging of tumor neoangiogenesis and precise remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Siyan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Ji
- Department of Digestive Surgery Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Pengying Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Lantian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyou Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
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Wang C, Feng Q, Shi S, Qin Y, Lu H, Zhang P, Liu J, Chen B. The Rational Engineered Bacteria Based Biohybrid Living System for Tumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401538. [PMID: 39051784 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Living therapy based on bacterial cells has gained increasing attention for their applications in tumor treatments. Bacterial cells can naturally target to tumor sites and active the innate immunological responses. The intrinsic advantages of bacteria attribute to the development of biohybrid living carriers for targeting delivery toward hypoxic environments. The rationally engineered bacterial cells integrate various functions to enhance the tumor therapy and reduce toxic side effects. In this review, the antitumor effects of bacteria and their application are discussed as living therapeutic agents across multiple antitumor platforms. The various kinds of bacteria used for cancer therapy are first introduced and demonstrated the mechanism of antitumor effects as well as the immunological effects. Additionally, this study focused on the genetically modified bacteria for the production of antitumor agents as living delivery system to treat cancer. The combination of living bacterial cells with functional nanomaterials is then discussed in the cancer treatments. In brief, the rational design of living therapy based on bacterial cells highlighted a rapid development in tumor therapy and pointed out the potentials in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiliner Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Si Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yuxuan Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Hongli Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Baizhu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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31
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Xiao B, Shi X, Xu X, Liu J, Pan Y, Xu H, Sun W, Slater NKH, Patra HK, Gao J, Shen Y, Tang J. In situ formed reactive oxygen species-responsive dipyridamole prodrug hydrogel: Spatiotemporal drug delivery for chemoimmunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 375:454-466. [PMID: 39216598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of combined cancer immunotherapy, the strategic combination of therapeutics targeting both cancer cells and macrophages holds immense potential. However, the major challenges remain on how to achieve facile spatiotemporal delivery of these therapies, allowing ease of manipulation and ensuring differential drug release for enhanced synergistic therapeutic effects. In the present study, we introduced a tumor microenvironment (TME)-adapted hydrogel with the phenylboronic acid-modified dipyridamole prodrug (DIPP) as a crosslinker. This prodrug hydrogel scaffold, 3BP@DIPPGel, could be formed in situ by a simple mixture of DIPP and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and loaded with a high ratio of 3-bromopyruvic acid (3BP). The 3BP@DIPPGel enables spatiotemporal localized delivery of dipyridamole (DIP) and 3BP with distinct release kinetics that effectively reshape the immunosuppressive TME. Upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation, 3BP@DIPPGel preferentially released 3BP, inducing tumor-specific pyroptosis via the ROS/BAX/caspase-3/GSDME signaling pathway and decreasing the secretion of chemokines such as CCL8 to counteract macrophage recruitment. Subsequently, the crosslinked DIP is released, triggering the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization towards the immunostimulatory M1 phenotype via the CCR2/JAK2/STAT3 cascade signaling pathway. This dual action from 3BP@DIPPGel leads to the restoration of tumor cell immunogenicity with high efficacy and activation of immune cells. Furthermore, the 3BP@DIPPGel-based chemoimmunotherapy upregulates the expression of sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 and hence sensitizing tumors to anti-CD24 therapy in the tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, this strategy can have significant potential in the prevention of tumor metastases and recurrence. To the best of our understanding, this study represents a pioneering showcase of tumor pyroptosis, induced by glycolytic inhibitors, which can be effectively coordinated with DIP-mediated TAM polarization for immune activation, offering a new paradigm for differentially sustained drug delivery to foster cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yixuan Pan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fan Q, Fu ZW, Xu M, Lv F, Shi JS, Zeng QQ, Xiong DH. Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4064-4079. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Fu
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jia-Song Shi
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Hai Xiong
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
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Qin S, He G, Yang J. Nanomaterial combined engineered bacteria for intelligent tumor immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:9795-9820. [PMID: 39225508 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of human death worldwide. Compared to traditional therapies, tumor immunotherapy has received a lot of attention and research focus due to its potential to activate both innate and adaptive immunity, low toxicity to normal tissue, and long-term immune activity. However, its clinical effectiveness and large-scale application are limited due to the immunosuppression microenvironment, lack of spatiotemporal control, expensive cost, and long manufacturing time. Recently, nanomaterial combined engineered bacteria have emerged as a promising solution to the challenges of tumor immunotherapy, which offers spatiotemporal control, reversal of immunosuppression, and scalable production. Therefore, we summarize the latest research on nanomaterial-assisted engineered bacteria for precise tumor immunotherapies, including the cross-talk of nanomaterials and bacteria as well as their application in different immunotherapies. In addition, we further discuss the advantages and challenges of nanomaterial-engineered bacteria and their future prospects, inspiring more novel and intelligent tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Qin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanzhong He
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang B, Zhou S, Lu S, Xiang X, Yao X, Lei W, Pei Q, Xie Z, Chen X. Paclitaxel Prodrug Enables Glutathione Depletion to Boost Cancer Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:26690-26703. [PMID: 39303096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we constructed a paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug (PA) by conjugating PTX with acrylic acid as a cysteine-depleting agent. The as-synthesized PA can assemble with diacylphosphatidylethanolamine-PEG2000 to form stable nanoparticles (PA NPs). After endocytosis into cells, PA NPs can specifically react with cysteine and trigger release of PTX for chemotherapy. On the other hand, the depletion of cysteine can greatly downregulate the intracellular content of glutathione and lead to oxidative stress outburst-provoking ferroptosis. The released PTX can elicit antitumor immune response by inducing immunogenic cell death, thus promoting dendritic cells maturation and cascaded cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation, which not only produces a robust immunotherapy effect but also synergizes the ferroptosis therapy by inhibiting cysteine transport via the release of interferon-γ in the activated immune system. As a result, PA NPs exhibit favorable in vitro and in vivo antitumor performance with reduced systemic toxicity. Our work highlights the potential of simple molecular design of prodrugs for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy toward malignant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shaojin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiumin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Deng XC, Liang JL, Zhang SM, Wang YZ, Lin YT, Meng R, Wang JW, Feng J, Chen WH, Zhang XZ. Interference of ATP-Adenosine Axis by Engineered Biohybrid for Amplifying Immunogenic Cell Death-Mediated Antitumor Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405673. [PMID: 39022876 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) often results in the production and accumulation of adenosine (ADO), a byproduct that negatively impacts the therapeutic effect as well as facilitates tumor development and metastasis. Here, an innovative strategy is elaborately developed to effectively activate ICD while avoiding the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine. Specifically, ZIF-90, an ATP-responsive consumer, is synthesized as the core carrier to encapsulate AB680 (CD73 inhibitor) and then coated with an iron-polyphenol layer to prepare the ICD inducer (AZTF), which is further grafted onto prebiotic bacteria via the esterification reaction to obtain the engineered biohybrid (Bc@AZTF). Particularly, the designed Bc@AZTF can actively enrich in tumor sites and respond to the acidic tumor microenvironment to offload AZTF nanoparticles, which can consume intracellular ATP (iATP) content and simultaneously inhibit the ATP-adenosine axis to reduce the accumulation of adenosine, thereby alleviating adenosine-mediated immunosuppression and strikingly amplifying ICD effect. Importantly, the synergy of anti-PD-1 (αPD-1) with Bc@AZTF not only establishes a collaborative antitumor immune network to potentiate effective tumoricidal immunity but also activates long-lasting immune memory effects to manage tumor recurrence and rechallenge, presenting a new paradigm for ICD treatment combined with adenosine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Tong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Ran Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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Zhang JY, Su YH, Wang X, Yao X, Du JZ. Recent Progress on Nanomedicine-Mediated Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e2001. [PMID: 39425549 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the largest number of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They play an essential role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis, which makes them a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. TAMs are usually divided into two categories: pro-tumoral M2-like TAMs and antitumoral M1 phenotypes at either extreme. The reprogramming of M2-like TAMs toward a tumoricidal M1 phenotype is of particular interest for the restoration of antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Notably, nanomedicines have shown great potential for cancer therapy due to their unique structures and properties. This review will briefly describe the biological features and roles of TAMs in tumor, and then discuss recent advances in nanomedicine-mediated repolarization of TAMs for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, perspectives on nanomedicine-mediated repolarization of TAMs for effective cancer immunotherapy are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-He Su
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Ren Y, Wang F, Tu X, Tong Z, Liu L, Zheng Y, Zhao P, Cheng J, Li J, Fang W, Liu X. The long-term effectiveness and mechanism of oncolytic virotherapy combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody in colorectal cancer patient. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1412-1426. [PMID: 39068234 PMCID: PMC11405277 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be resistant to immunotherapy. In our phase-I clinical trial, one patient achieved a 313-day prolonged response during the combined treatment of oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms, we performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis on this patient and three non-responders. Our investigation unveiled that, initially, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of this responder presented minimal infiltration of T cells and natural killer cells, along with a relatively higher presence of macrophages compared to non-responders. Remarkably, during treatment, there was a progressive increase in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells in the responder's tumor tissue. This was accompanied by a significant upregulation of transcription factors associated with T-cell activation and cytotoxicity, including GATA3, EOMES, and RUNX3. Furthermore, dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood samples from the responder revealed a rapid decrease in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), suggesting its potential as an early blood biomarker of treatment efficacy. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combined oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy in certain CRC patients and provide molecular evidence that virotherapy can potentially transform a "cold" TME into a "hot" one, thereby improving sensitivity to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Liu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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Liu J, He C, Tan W, Zheng JH. Path to bacteriotherapy: From bacterial engineering to therapeutic perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 352:122897. [PMID: 38971366 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The major reason for the failure of conventional therapies is the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Many malignant tumors reprogram their surface antigens to evade the immune surveillance, leading to reduced antigen-presenting cells and hindered T-cell activation. Bacteria-mediated cancer immunotherapy has been extensively investigated in recent years. Scientists have ingeniously modified bacteria using synthetic biology and nanotechnology to enhance their biosafety with high tumor specificity, resulting in robust anticancer immune responses. To enhance the antitumor efficacy, therapeutic proteins, cytokines, nanoparticles, and chemotherapeutic drugs have been efficiently delivered using engineered bacteria. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of oncolytic bacterial therapies, covering bacterial design and the intricate interactions within TMEs. Additionally, it offers an in-depth comparison of the current techniques used for bacterial modification, both internally and externally, to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness. Finally, we outlined the challenges and opportunities ahead in the clinical application of oncolytic bacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Liu
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China.
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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39
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Liu J, Li B, Li L, Ming X, Xu ZP. Advances in Nanomaterials for Immunotherapeutic Improvement of Cancer Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2403024. [PMID: 38773882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Immuno-stimulative effect of chemotherapy (ISECT) is recognized as a potential alternative to conventional immunotherapies, however, the clinical application is constrained by its inefficiency. Metronomic chemotherapy, though designed to overcome these limitations, offers inconsistent results, with effectiveness varying based on cancer types, stages, and patient-specific factors. In parallel, a wealth of preclinical nanomaterials holds considerable promise for ISECT improvement by modulating the cancer-immunity cycle. In the area of biomedical nanomaterials, current literature reviews mainly concentrate on a specific category of nanomaterials and nanotechnological perspectives, while two essential issues are still lacking, i.e., a comprehensive analysis addressing the causes for ISECT inefficiency and a thorough summary elaborating the nanomaterials for ISECT improvement. This review thus aims to fill these gaps and catalyze further development in this field. For the first time, this review comprehensively discusses the causes of ISECT inefficiency. It then meticulously categorizes six types of nanomaterials for improving ISECT. Subsequently, practical strategies are further proposed for addressing inefficient ISECT, along with a detailed discussion on exemplary nanomedicines. Finally, this review provides insights into the challenges and perspectives for improving chemo-immunotherapy by innovations in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, China
- GoodMedX Tech Limited Company, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Ming
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, and Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518107, China
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Gao P, Duan Z, Xu G, Gong Q, Wang J, Luo K, Chen J. Harnessing and Mimicking Bacterial Features to Combat Cancer: From Living Entities to Artificial Mimicking Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405075. [PMID: 39136067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial-derived micro-/nanomedicine has garnered considerable attention in anticancer therapy, owing to the unique natural features of bacteria, including specific targeting ability, immunogenic benefits, physicochemical modifiability, and biotechnological editability. Besides, bacterial components have also been explored as promising drug delivery vehicles. Harnessing these bacterial features, cutting-edge physicochemical and biotechnologies have been applied to attenuated tumor-targeting bacteria with unique properties or functions for potent and effective cancer treatment, including strategies of gene-editing and genetic circuits. Further, the advent of bacteria-inspired micro-/nanorobots and mimicking artificial systems has furnished fresh perspectives for formulating strategies for developing highly efficient drug delivery systems. Focusing on the unique natural features and advantages of bacteria, this review delves into advances in bacteria-derived drug delivery systems for anticancer treatment in recent years, which has experienced a process from living entities to artificial mimicking systems. Meanwhile, a summary of relative clinical trials is provided and primary challenges impeding their clinical application are discussed. Furthermore, future directions are suggested for bacteria-derived systems to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Liver Transplant Center, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Liver Transplant Center, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Liver Transplant Center, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Liver Transplant Center, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Liver Transplant Center, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Liver Transplant Center, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Chang J, Yin W, Zhi H, Chen S, Sun J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Xue L, Zhang X, Zhang T, Dong H, Li Y. Copper Deposition in Polydopamine Nanostructure to Promote Cuproptosis by Catalytically Inhibiting Copper Exporters of Tumor Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308565. [PMID: 38339770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cuproptosis is an emerging programmed cell death, displaying great potential in cancer treatment. However, intracellular copper content to induce cuproptosis is unmet, which mainly ascribes to the intracellular pumping out equilibrium mechanism by copper exporter ATP7A and ATP7B. Therefore, it is necessary to break such export balance mechanisms for desired cuproptosis. Mediated by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) coordination, herein a strategy to efficiently assemble copper ions into polydopamine nanostructure (PDA-DTC/Cu) for reprogramming copper metabolism of tumor is developed. The deposited Cu2+ can effectively trigger the aggregation of lipoylated proteins to induce cuproptosis of tumor cells. Beyond elevating intracellular copper accumulation, PDA-DTC/Cu enables to break the balance of copper metabolism by disrupting mitochondrial function and restricting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy supply, thus catalytically inhibiting the expressions of ATP7A and ATP7B of tumor cells to enhance cuproptosis. Meanwhile, the killed tumor cells can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate the immune response. Besides, PDA-DTC/Cu NPs can promote the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs ) to relieve the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Collectively, PDA-DTC/Cu presented a promising "one stone two birds" strategy to realize copper accumulation and inhibit copper export simultaneously to enhance cuproptosis for 4T1 murine breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weimin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jiuyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yuge Zhao
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Huang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liangyi Xue
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Zeng X, Chen Q, Chen T. Nanomaterial-assisted oncolytic bacteria in solid tumor diagnosis and therapeutics. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10672. [PMID: 39036084 PMCID: PMC11256190 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer presents a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the intratumoral heterogeneity and the dynamic microenvironmental niche. Natural or genetically engineered oncolytic bacteria have always been hailed by scientists for their intrinsic tumor-targeting and oncolytic capacities. However, the immunogenicity and low toxicity inevitably constrain their application in clinical practice. When nanomaterials, characterized by distinctive physicochemical properties, are integrated with oncolytic bacteria, they achieve mutually complementary advantages and construct efficient and safe nanobiohybrids. In this review, we initially analyze the merits and drawbacks of conventional tumor therapeutic approaches, followed by a detailed examination of the precise oncolysis mechanisms employed by oncolytic bacteria. Subsequently, we focus on harnessing nanomaterial-assisted oncolytic bacteria (NAOB) to augment the effectiveness of tumor therapy and utilizing them as nanotheranostic agents for imaging-guided tumor treatment. Finally, by summarizing and analyzing the current deficiencies of NAOB, this review provides some innovative directions for developing nanobiohybrids, intending to infuse novel research concepts into the realm of solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdi Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- School of PharmacyJiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
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Shuwen H, Yifei S, Xinyue W, Zhanbo Q, Xiang Y, Xi Y. Advances in bacteria-based drug delivery systems for anti-tumor therapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1518. [PMID: 38939727 PMCID: PMC11208082 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bacteria have gained considerable attention as a promising drug carrier that is critical in improving the effectiveness and reducing the side effects of anti-tumor drugs. Drug carriers can be utilised in various forms, including magnetotactic bacteria, bacterial biohybrids, minicells, bacterial ghosts and bacterial spores. Additionally, functionalised and engineered bacteria obtained through gene engineering and surface modification could provide enhanced capabilities for drug delivery. This review summarises the current studies on bacteria-based drug delivery systems for anti-tumor therapy and discusses the prospects and challenges of bacteria as drug carriers. Furthermore, our findings aim to provide new directions and guidance for the research on bacteria-based drug systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Huzhou Central HospitalFifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of HuzhouHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Song Yifei
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Wu Xinyue
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Qu Zhanbo
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Huzhou Central HospitalFifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yu Xiang
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yang Xi
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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Pan Y, Cheng J, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Fan W, Chen X. Immunological nanomaterials to combat cancer metastasis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6399-6444. [PMID: 38745455 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis causes greater than 90% of cancer-associated deaths, presenting huge challenges for detection and efficient treatment of cancer due to its high heterogeneity and widespread dissemination to various organs. Therefore, it is imperative to combat cancer metastasis, which is the key to achieving complete cancer eradication. Immunotherapy as a systemic approach has shown promising potential to combat metastasis. However, current clinical immunotherapies are not effective for all patients or all types of cancer metastases owing to insufficient immune responses. In recent years, immunological nanomaterials with intrinsic immunogenicity or immunomodulatory agents with efficient loading have been shown to enhance immune responses to eliminate metastasis. In this review, we would like to summarize various types of immunological nanomaterials against metastasis. Moreover, this review will summarize a series of immunological nanomaterial-mediated immunotherapy strategies to combat metastasis, including immunogenic cell death, regulation of chemokines and cytokines, improving the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, activation of the STING pathway, enhancing cytotoxic natural killer cell activity, enhancing antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and enhancing chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Furthermore, the synergistic anti-metastasis strategies based on the combinational use of immunotherapy and other therapeutic modalities will also be introduced. In addition, the nanomaterial-mediated imaging techniques (e.g., optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, photoacoustic imaging, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, radionuclide imaging, etc.) for detecting metastasis and monitoring anti-metastasis efficacy are also summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of immunological nanomaterial-based anti-metastasis are also elucidated with the intention to accelerate its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
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Feng J, Liu Y, Zheng X, Gao M, Wang L, Rodrigues LR, Wen Y, Pan H, Li G, Zhang L, Wan B, Zhang Y. Protein-assisted synthesis of chitosan-coated minicells enhance dendritic cell recruitment for therapeutic immunomodulation within pulmonary tumors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122031. [PMID: 38553230 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer therapies is significantly compromised by the immunosuppressive tumor milieu. Herein, we introduce a previously unidentified therapeutic strategy that harnesses the synergistic potential of chitosan-coated bacterial vesicles and a targeted chemotherapeutic agent to activate dendritic cells, thereby reshaping the immunosuppressive milieu for enhanced cancer therapy. Our study focuses on the protein-mediated modification of bacterium-derived minicells with chitosan molecules, facilitating the precise delivery of Doxorubicin to tumor sites guided by folate-mediated homing cues. These engineered minicells demonstrate remarkable specificity in targeting lung carcinomas, triggering immunogenic cell death and releasing tumor antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns, including calreticulin and high mobility group box 1. Additionally, the chitosan coating, coupled with bacterial DNA from the minicells, initiates the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA release. These orchestrated events culminate in dendritic cell maturation via activation of the stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway, resulting in the recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and the secretion of interferon-β, interferon-γ, and interleukin-12. Consequently, this integrated approach disrupts the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, impeding tumor progression. By leveraging bacterial vesicles as potent dendritic cell activators, our strategy presents a promising paradigm for synergistic cancer treatment, seamlessly integrating chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical and Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiaoran Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Yuting Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Hangcheng Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Gege Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical and Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China; Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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Jia J, Wang X, Lin X, Zhao Y. Engineered Microorganisms for Advancing Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313389. [PMID: 38485221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered microorganisms have attracted significant interest as a unique therapeutic platform in tumor treatment. Compared with conventional cancer treatment strategies, engineering microorganism-based systems provide various distinct advantages, such as the intrinsic capability in targeting tumors, their inherent immunogenicity, in situ production of antitumor agents, and multiple synergistic functions to fight against tumors. Herein, the design, preparation, and application of the engineered microorganisms for advanced tumor therapy are thoroughly reviewed. This review presents a comprehensive survey of innovative tumor therapeutic strategies based on a series of representative engineered microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, microalgae, and fungi. Specifically, it offers extensive analyses of the design principles, engineering strategies, and tumor therapeutic mechanisms, as well as the advantages and limitations of different engineered microorganism-based systems. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects in this field, which can inspire new ideas for the design of creative tumor therapy paradigms utilizing engineered microorganisms and facilitate their clinical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
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Elzoghby AO, Samir O, Emam HE, Soliman A, Abdelgalil RM, Elmorshedy YM, Elkhodairy KA, Nasr ML. Engineering nanomedicines for immunogenic eradication of cancer cells: Recent trends and synergistic approaches. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2475-2504. [PMID: 38828160 PMCID: PMC11143780 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer immunotherapy is mainly attributed to poor tumor immunogenicity as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to failure of immune response. Numerous therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic, photothermal, magnetic, chemodynamic, sonodynamic and oncolytic therapy, have been developed to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells and thereby elicit immunogenicity and boost the antitumor immune response. However, many challenges hamper the clinical application of ICD inducers resulting in modest immunogenic response. Here, we outline the current state of using nanomedicines for boosting ICD of cancer cells. Moreover, synergistic approaches used in combination with ICD inducing nanomedicines for remodeling the TME via targeting immune checkpoints, phagocytosis, macrophage polarization, tumor hypoxia, autophagy and stromal modulation to enhance immunogenicity of dying cancer cells were analyzed. We further highlight the emerging trends of using nanomaterials for triggering amplified ICD-mediated antitumor immune responses. Endoplasmic reticulum localized ICD, focused ultrasound hyperthermia, cell membrane camouflaged nanomedicines, amplified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, metallo-immunotherapy, ion modulators and engineered bacteria are among the most innovative approaches. Various challenges, merits and demerits of ICD inducer nanomedicines were also discussed with shedding light on the future role of this technology in improving the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Omar Samir
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Hagar E. Emam
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Riham M. Abdelgalil
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Yomna M. Elmorshedy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Kadria A. Elkhodairy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud L. Nasr
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
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Song W, He Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Zhong L, Yan F, Sun L. Image-Guided Photothermal and Immune Therapy of Tumors via Melanin-Producing Genetically Engineered Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305764. [PMID: 38368252 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a new treatment modality for tumors. However, the efficient delivery of photothermal agents into tumors remains difficult, especially in hypoxic tumor regions. In this study, an approach to deliver melanin, a natural photothermal agent, into tumors using genetically engineered bacteria for image-guided photothermal and immune therapy is developed. An Escherichia coli MG1655 is transformed with a recombinant plasmid harboring a tyrosinase gene to produce melanin nanoparticles. Melanin-producing genetically engineered bacteria (MG1655-M) are systemically administered to 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor-targeting properties of MG1655-M in the hypoxic environment integrate the properties of hypoxia targeting, photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapeutic agents in an "all-in-one" manner. This eliminates the need for post-modification to achieve image-guided hypoxia-targeted cancer photothermal therapy. Tumor growth is significantly suppressed by irradiating the tumor with an 808 nm laser. Furthermore, strong antitumor immunity is triggered by PTT, thereby producing long-term immune memory effects that effectively inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence. This work proposes a new photothermal and immune therapy guided by an "all-in-one" melanin-producing genetically engineered bacteria, which can offer broad potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Song
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Yaling He
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Shanxin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330019, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
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Li JX, Shu N, Zhang YJ, Tong QS, Wang L, Zhang JY, Du JZ. Self-Assembled Nanoparticles from the Amphiphilic Prodrug of Resiquimod for Improved Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25665-25675. [PMID: 38735053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually adopt a tumor-promoting M2-like phenotype, which largely impedes the immune response and therapeutic efficacy of solid tumors. Repolarizing TAMs from M2 to the antitumor M1 phenotype is crucial for reshaping the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Herein, we developed self-assembled nanoparticles from the polymeric prodrug of resiquimod (R848) to reprogram the TIME for robust cancer immunotherapy. The polymeric prodrug was constructed by conjugating the R848 derivative to terminal amino groups of the linear dendritic polymer composed of linear poly(ethylene glycol) and lysine dendrimer. The amphiphilic prodrug self-assembled into nanoparticles (PLRS) of around 35 nm with a spherical morphology. PLRS nanoparticles could be internalized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vitro and thus efficiently repolarized macrophages from M2 to M1 and facilitated the maturation of APCs. In addition, PLRS significantly inhibited tumor growth in the 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model with much lower systemic side effects. Mechanistic studies suggested that PLRS significantly stimulated the TIME by repolarizing TAMs into the M1 phenotype and increased the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into the tumor. This study provides an effective polymeric prodrug-based strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of R848 in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Shu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi-Song Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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50
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Wang S, Jiao W, Guo J, Zhang N, Liu X. Nanomaterials in modulating tumor-associated macrophages and enhancing immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4809-4823. [PMID: 38695349 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are predominantly present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a crucial role in shaping the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. These TAMs primarily exhibit a tumor-promoting M2-like phenotype, which is associated with the suppression of immune responses and facilitation of tumor progression. Interestingly, recent research has highlighted the potential of repolarizing TAMs from an M2 to a pro-inflammatory M1 status-a shift that has shown promise in impeding tumor growth and enhancing immune responsiveness. This concept is particularly intriguing as it offers a new dimension to cancer therapy by targeting the tumor microenvironment, which is a significant departure from traditional approaches that focus solely on tumor cells. However, the clinical application of TAM-modulating agents is often challenged by issues such as insufficient tumor accumulation and off-target effects, limiting their effectiveness and safety. In this regard, nanomaterials have emerged as a novel solution. They serve a dual role: as delivery vehicles that can enhance the accumulation of therapeutic agents in the tumor site and as TAM-modulators. This dual functionality of nanomaterials is a significant advancement as it addresses the key limitations of current TAM-modulating strategies and opens up new avenues for more efficient and targeted therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest mechanisms and strategies involving nanomaterials in modulating macrophage polarization within the TME. It delves into the intricate interactions between nanomaterials and macrophages, elucidating how these interactions can be exploited to drive macrophage polarization towards a phenotype that is more conducive to anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, the review explores the burgeoning field of TAM-associated nanomedicines in combination with tumor immunotherapy. This combination approach is particularly promising as it leverages the strengths of both nanomedicine and immunotherapy, potentially leading to synergistic effects in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Wangbo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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