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Wang L, Li D. - Invited Review - Current status, challenges and prospects for pig production in Asia. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:742-754. [PMID: 38419542 PMCID: PMC11016695 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Asia is not only the primary region for global pig production but also the largest consumer of pork worldwide. Although the pig production in Asia has made great progress in the past, it still is confronted with numerous challenges. These challenges include: inadequate land and feed resources, a substantial number of small-scale pig farms, escalating pressure to ensure environmental conservation, control of devastating infectious diseases, as well as coping with high temperatures and high humidity. To solve these problems, important investments of human and financial capital are required to promote large-scale production systems, exploit alternative feed resources, implement precision feeding, and focus on preventive medicine and vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics, improve pig breeding, and increase manure recycling. Implementation of these techniques and management practices will facilitate development of more environmentally-friendly and economically sustainable pig production systems in Asia, ultimately providing consumers with healthy pork products around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
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2
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Wu H, Liu Y, Dai C, Ye Y, Zhu H, Fang W. Life-cycle comparisons of economic and environmental consequences for pig production with four different models in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21668-21686. [PMID: 38393572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
China, the world's largest consumer and producer of pork in the world, is attracting increasing attention due to the environmental impacts of its pig production. Previous studies seldom comprehensively compare the environmental impacts of the pig production system with different models, resulting in different intensities of environmental impacts. We aim to comprehensively evaluate Chinese pig production with different breeding models and explore a more sustainable way for pig production. We use life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate and compare environmental impacts of pig production system with four main breeding models in China from 1998 to 2020: domestic breeding, small-scale breeding, medium-scale breeding, and large-scale breeding. The life cycle encompasses fertilizer production, feed production, feed processing, pig raising, waste treatment, and slaughtering. The impact categories including energy consumption (EN), global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EU), water use (WD), and land occupation (LO) are expressed with "100 kg live weight of fattening pig at farm gate." The results show that driven by governmental support, growing meat demand, and cost advantage, the scale breeding especially large-scale breeding simultaneously yielded greater net economic benefit and less environmental impact compared to other breeding models especially the domestic breeding. Due to mineral fertilizer application, feed production contributed over 50% of the total environmental impacts. Notably, the composition of feeds exerted significant influence on the environmental impacts arising from fertilizer production and feed processing. Furthermore, attributable to the substantial use of electricity and heat, as well as the concomitant emissions, pig raising contributed the largest GWP, while ranking second in terms of AP and EU. Notably, waste management constituted the third-largest EU, AP, and WD. In addition to promote scale breeding, we put forth several sustainable measures encompassing feed composition, cultivation practices, fertilizer utilization, and waste management for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Yongxin Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Chengjuan Dai
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Weixin Fang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
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3
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Wang Z, Sun F, Guo Q, Gooddy DC, Wu F. Global scale identification of catchments phosphorus source shifts with urbanization: A phosphate oxygen isotope and Bayesian mixing model approach. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121026. [PMID: 38134856 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Different scenarios of urban expansion can influence the dynamic characteristics of catchments in terms of phosphorus (P). It is important to identify the changes in P sources that occur during the process of urbanization to develop targeted policies for managing P in catchments. However, there is a knowledge gap in quantifying the variations of potential P sources associated with urbanization. By combining phosphate oxygen isotopes from global catchments with a Bayesian model and the urbanization process, we demonstrate that the characteristics of potential P sources (such as fertilizers, urban wastewater, faeces, and bedrock) change as urban areas expand. Our results indicate that using phosphate oxygen isotopes in conjunction with a Bayesian model provides direct evidence of the proportions of potential P sources. We classify catchment P loadings into three stages based on shifts in potential P sources during urban expansion. During the initial stage of urbanization (urban areas < 1.5 %), urban domestic and industrial wastewater are the main contributors to P loadings in catchments. In the mid-term acceleration stage (1.5 % ≤ urban areas < 3.5 %), efforts to improve wastewater treatment significantly reduce wastewater P input, but the increase in fertilizer P input offsets this reduction in sewage-derived P. In the high-level urbanization stage (urban areas ≥ 3.5 %), the proportions of the four potential P sources tend to stabilize. Remote areas bear the burden of excessive P loadings to meet the growing food demand and improved diets resulting from the increasing urban population. Our findings support the development of strategies for water quality management that better consider the driving forces of urbanization on catchment P loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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4
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Liu W, Qin T, Wu M, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Abakumov E, Chebykina E, Wang W, Wu D, Han C, Xie X, Cheng J, Hua X, Chi S, Xu J. Analyzing the phosphorus flow characteristics in the largest freshwater lake (Poyang Lake) watershed of China from 1950 to 2020 through a bottom-up approach of watershed-scale phosphorus substance flow model. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120546. [PMID: 37688855 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the historical patterns of phosphorus (P) cycling is essential for sustainable P management and eutrophication mitigation in watersheds. Currently, there is a lack of long-term watershed-scale models that analyze the flow of P substances and quantify the socioeconomic patterns of P flow. This study adopted a watershed perspective and incorporated crucial economic and social subsystems related to P production, consumption, and emissions throughout the entire life cycle. Based on this approach, a bottom-up watershed P flow analysis model was developed to quantify the P cycle for the first time in the Poyang Lake watershed from 1950 to 2020 and to explore the driving factors that influence its strength by analyzing multi-year P flow results. In general, the P cycle in the Poyang Lake watershed was no longer a naturally dominated cycle but significantly influenced by human activities during the flow dynamics between 1950 and 2015. Agricultural intensification and expansion of large-scale livestock farming continue to enhance the P flow in the study area. Fertilizer P inputs from cultivation account for approximately 60% of the total inputs to farming systems, but phosphate fertilizer utilization continues to decline. Feed P inputs have continued to increase since 2007. The expansion of large-scale farming and the demand for urbanization are the main factors leading to changes in feed P input patterns. The P utilization rate for livestock farming (PUEa) is progressively higher than international levels, with PUEa increasing from 0.64% (1950) to 9.7% (2020). Additionally, per capita food P consumption in the watershed increased from 0.67 kg to 0.80 kg between 1950 and 2020. The anthropogenic P emissions have increased from 1.67 × 104 t (1950) to 8.73 × 104 t (2020), with an average annual growth rate of 2.41%. Watershed-wide P pollution emissions have increased by more than five-fold. Population growth and agricultural development are important drivers of structural changes in P flows in the study area, and they induce changes in social conditions, including agricultural production, dietary structure, and consumption levels, further dominating the cyclic patterns of P use, discharge, and recycling. This study provides a broader and applicable P flow model to measure the characteristics of the P cycle throughout the watershed social system as well as provides methodological support and policy insights for large lakes in rapidly developing areas or countries to easily present P flow structures and sustainably manage P resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Chebykina
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337000, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Jiancheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinlong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sunlin Chi
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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5
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Liu X, Zhang D, Wu H, Elser JJ, Yuan Z. Uncovering the spatio-temporal dynamics of crop-specific nutrient budgets in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117904. [PMID: 37084647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two critical nutrients for agroecosystems. In meeting food demands, human use of both nutrients has crossed planetary boundaries for sustainability. Further, there has been a dramatic shift in their relative inputs and outputs, which may generate strong N:P imbalances. Despite enormous efforts on agronomic N and P budgets, the spatio-temporal characteristics of different crop types in using nutrients are unknown as are patterns in the stoichiometric coupling of these nutrients. Thus, we analyzed the annual crop-specific N and P budgets and their stoichiometric relations for producing ten major crops at the provincial level of China during 2004-2018. Results show that, China has generally witnessed excessive N and P input over the past 15 years, with the N balance remaining stable while the P balance increasing by more than 170%, thus resulting in a decline in the N:P mass ratios from 10.9 in 2004 to 3.8 in 2018. Crop-aggregated nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of N has increased by 10% in these years while most crops have shown a decreasing trend of this indicator for P, which reduced NUE of P from 75% to 61% during this period. At the provincial level, the nutrient fluxes of Beijing and Shanghai have obviously declined, while the nutrient fluxes of provinces such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia have increased significantly. Although N management has made progress, P management should be further explored in the future due to eutrophication concerns. More importantly, N and P management strategies for sustainable agriculture in China should take account of not only the absolute nutrient use, but also their stoichiometric balance for different crops in different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - James J Elser
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, 59860, USA
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Liu J, Li X, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wang R, Zhang X, Hou Y, Qu H, Wang L, He M, Kupczok A, He J. Highly efficient reduction of ammonia emissions from livestock waste by the synergy of novel manure acidification and inhibition of ureolytic bacteria. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107768. [PMID: 36709675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The global livestock system is one of the largest sources of ammonia emissions and there is an urgent need for ammonia mitigation. Here, we designed and constructed a novel strategy to abate ammonia emissions via livestock manure acidification based on a synthetic lactic acid bacteria community (LAB SynCom). The LAB SynCom possessed a wide carbon source spectrum and pH profile, high adaptability to the manure environment, and a high capability of generating lactic acid. The mitigation strategy was optimized based on the test and performance by adjusting the LAB SynCom inoculation ratio and the adding frequency of carbon source, which contributed to a total ammonia reduction efficiency of 95.5 %. Furthermore, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the LAB SynCom treatment reshaped the manure microbial community structure. Importantly, 22 manure ureolytic microbial genera and urea hydrolysis were notably inhibited by the LAB SynCom treatment during the treatment process. These findings provide new insight into manure acidification that the conversion from ammonia to ammonium ions and the inhibition of ureolytic bacteria exerted a synergistic effect on ammonia mitigation. This work systematically developed a novel strategy to mitigate ammonia emissions from livestock waste, which is a crucial step forward from traditional manure acidification to novel and environmental-friendly acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yutian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yaguang Hou
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Haoli Qu
- Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Anne Kupczok
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Wang H, Wu B, Jiang N, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xu J, Wang H. The effects of influent chemical oxygen demand and strigolactone analog concentration on integral biogas upgrading and pollutants removal from piggery wastewater by different microalgae-based technologies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128483. [PMID: 36513303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based technologies are promising strategies for efficient wastewater treatment and biogas upgrading. In this study, three types of microalga-fungi/bacteria symbiotic systems stimulated with the strigolactone analog (GR24) were used to simultaneously remove nutrients from treated piggery wastewater and CO2 from biogas. The effects of initial concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and GR24 on nutrient removal and biogas upgrading were investigated. When the initial COD concentration was 1200 mg/L, the Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacteria co-cultivation systems achieved the best photosynthetic performance and microalgae growth. Moreover, under the appropriate COD concentration (1200 mg/L), the highest nutrient/CO2 removal efficiencies were obtained. In addition, 10-9 M GR24 significantly accelerated nutrient/CO2 removal efficiencies. These findings provide a theoretical basis for scale-up experiments using microalgae-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu H, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Dong Y, Sun J, Tran LSP, Li W. Aggravation of nitrogen losses driven by agriculture and livestock farming development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116795. [PMID: 36442330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses from crop-livestock production is a major threat to the environment and human health at regional, national and global scales. A comprehensive understanding of the sources, spatiotemporal distribution and drivers of N losses is of great significance for mitigating its negative impacts and promoting N sustainable management. Here, we used the county-scale N flow model to quantitatively analyze the N losses and their driving forces of crop-livestock production on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Between 2000 and 2018, the total N losses increased for more than 79% of counties on the QTP. The hotspot areas accounted for over 80% of total N losses, expanding from the east and south to the north and west of the QTP. NH3 was the main source of atmospheric N losses (over 80%) while the direct discharge of manure was the main source of water N losses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that chemical fertilizer caused the largest driving effect on atmospheric N losses, and the total output value of agriculture and forestry was the main driver of water N losses. Uneven distribution of crop production and livestock contributed to the aggravation of N losses. Over 70% of counties had grater manure N excretion than crops could take up, and large proportion of manure could not be returned to the field. More than 90% of the counties used grater amount of chemical fertilizer N than crops could take up, indicating that livestock manure has not yet fully replaced chemical fertilizer N. The results provide effective guidance and support for N utilization and management of livestock in agricultural and pastoral areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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9
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Tong B, Zhang L, Hou Y, Oenema O, Long W, Velthof G, Ma W, Zhang F. Lower pork consumption and technological change in feed production can reduce the pork supply chain environmental footprint in China. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:74-83. [PMID: 37118572 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of global pork production and consumption occurs in China, but the transition towards intensification is associated with worsening environmental impacts. Here we explore scenarios for implementing structural and technological changes across the pork supply chain to improve environmental sustainability and meet future demand. Following the middle-of-the-road socio-economic pathway (SSP2), we estimate that the environmental footprint from the pork supply chain will increase by ~50% from 2017 to 2050. Utilizing technologies that improve feed crop production and manure management could reduce phosphorus and nitrogen losses by three-quarters and one-third, respectively, with modest reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and cropland area. Reducing pork consumption had substantial mitigation potential. Increased feed and pork imports would decrease domestic environmental footprints and meet demand, but increase footprints elsewhere. We conclude that farm-specific technologies and structural adjustments can support the development of rural, small-scale pig farms near cropland and promote circular economy principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Tong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Oene Oenema
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Weitong Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Velthof
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Chen X, Wang M, Kroeze C, Chen X, Ma L, Chen X, Shi X, Strokal M. Nitrogen in the Yangtze River Basin: Pollution Reduction through Coupling Crop and Livestock Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17591-17603. [PMID: 36445871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Livestock production poses a threat to water quality worldwide. A better understanding of the contribution of individual livestock species to nitrogen (N) pollution in rivers is essential to improve water quality. This paper aims to quantify inputs of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to the Yangtze River from different livestock species at multiple scales and explore ways for reducing these inputs through coupling crop and livestock production. We extended the previously developed model MARINA (Model to Assess River Input of Nutrient to seAs) with the NUFER (Nutrient flows in Food chains, Environment, and Resource use) approach for livestock. Results show that DIN inputs to the Yangtze River vary across basins, sub-basins, and 0.5° grids, as well as across livestock species. In 2012, livestock production resulted in 2000 Gg of DIN inputs to the Yangtze River. Pig production was responsible for 55-85% of manure-related DIN inputs. Rivers in the downstream sub-basin received higher manure-related DIN inputs than rivers in the other sub-basins. Around 20% of the Yangtze basin is considered as a manure-related hotspot of river pollution. Recycling manure on cropland can avoid direct discharges of manure from pig production and thus reduce river pollution. The potential for recycling manure is larger in cereal production than in other crop species. Our results can help to identify effective solutions for coupling crop and livestock production in the Yangtze basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing100193, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Chen
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang050021, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing400715, China
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Purple Soil Quality and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Xing J, Song J, Liu C, Yang W, Duan H, Yabar H, Ren J. Integrated crop-livestock-bioenergy system brings co-benefits and trade-offs in mitigating the environmental impacts of Chinese agriculture. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:1052-1064. [PMID: 37118306 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural bioenergy utilization relies on crop and livestock production, favouring an integrated crop-livestock-bioenergy production model. Yet the integrated system's exact contribution to mitigating various environmental burdens from the crop production system and livestock production system remains unclear. Here we inventory the environmental impacts of each process in three subsystems at both national and regional scales in China, ultimately identifying key processes and impact categories. The co-benefits and trade-offs in nine impact categories are investigated by comparing the life cycle impacts in the background scenario (crop production system + livestock production system) and foreground scenario (integrated system). Freshwater eutrophication is the most serious impact category in both scenarios. Except terrestrial acidification, the mitigation effects on the other eight impact categories vary from 1.8% to 94.8%, attributed to fossil energy and chemical fertilizer offsets. Environmental trade-offs should be deliberated when expanding bioenergy utilization in the identified critical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junnian Song
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chaoshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Haiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Helmut Yabar
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jingzheng Ren
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Zhong S, Li J, Guo X. Analysis on the green total factor productivity of pig breeding in China: Evidence from a meta-frontier approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270549. [PMID: 35749462 PMCID: PMC9231730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig industry occupies an extremely significant position in agriculture. The input cost, output income and the amount of pollution emitted by pig farming of different scales are unequal. It is of great practical importance to reduce pollutant emission by improving efficiency for the development of hog breeding industry in China. With the addition of undesirable output, this paper uses the Slack Based Measure- Metafrontier Malmquist Luenberger index model considering scale heterogeneity to explore the evolution characteristics of China’s green total factor productivity of pig breeding (GTPB) based on the data of China’s 17 major pig producing provinces from 2004 to 2018. The results indicate that: (1) From 2004 to 2018, China’s large-scale GTPB is the highest, the medium-sized is the second, and the small-scale is the lowest. (2) In terms of regional distribution, China’s GTPB in western region is the highest, in eastern region is the second, and in central region is the lowest. (3) China’s GTPB shows efficiency growth and technological decline from 2004 to 2018. The pig breeding industry is generally fragile, which is greatly affected by emergencies. (4)The TGR of large-scale pig breeding is closest to 1, followed by middle-scale, and finally small-scale. According to the above empirical results, this text puts forward some policy suggestions to improve GTPB and environmental protection recommendations of hog breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhong
- School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang, PR China
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Junwei Li
- School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, PR China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Xu P, Houlton BZ, Zheng Y, Zhou F, Ma L, Li B, Liu X, Li G, Lu H, Quan F, Hu S, Chen A. Policy-enabled stabilization of nitrous oxide emissions from livestock production in China over 1978-2017. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:356-366. [PMID: 37117572 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating livestock-related nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is key for China to meet its 2060 carbon neutrality target. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude, spatiotemporal variation and drivers of Chinese livestock N2O emissions from 1978 to 2017. We developed scenarios to explore emissions mitigation potential and associated marginal abatement costs and social benefits. The average growth rate of China's livestock N2O emissions increased by 4.6% per year through 2006, falling sharply over 2007-2015 and gradually declining in 2017 due to a slowdown in population and meat-consumption growth rates. We estimate the technical mitigation potential of livestock N2O emissions in 2030 to be 7-21% (or 23.1-70.9 Gg N2O), with implementation costs of US$5.5 billion to US$6.0 billion. Priority regions for intervention were identified in the North China Plain, Northeast Plain and Lianghu Plain. Among mitigation opportunities, anaerobic digestion offers the greatest social benefit, while low crude protein feed is the most cost-effective option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiyao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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14
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Yan Y, Ren P, Wu Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Hua M, Xia W, Chen J. Structure comparison and anti-coagulant effects of the glycosaminoglycans from porcine duodenum and jejunum. Food Chem 2022; 373:131609. [PMID: 34819245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To make full use of the porcine sources and develop better choice of novel GAGs as anti-coagulants, two fractions of GAGs from the porcine jejunum (A) and duodenum (C) have been separated & purified. The products were further sulfated to give B and D in order to test the influence of sulfate pattern on the bioactivity. The results showed that the relative molecular weight range of A was 3000-50,000 (Mw, g/mol), whereas C had an average molecular weight of 75,885 (Mw, g/mol). A was identified as a novel heparan sulfate through enzymatic hydrolysis analysis. C was a chondroitin like polysaccharide mainly composed of β-d-GlcA-(1 → 4) and β-d-GalNAc-(1 → 3). A possessed controllable anti-coagulant activity (7 IU/mg) in vitro. The activity of D almost achieved the same magnitude of A. This study demonstrated the anticoagulant potential of the polysaccharides, providing solid foundation for development of anti-coagulants from porcine intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Panpan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Minyu Hua
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wang H, Zhao Z, Winiwarter W, Bai Z, Wang X, Fan X, Zhu Z, Hu C, Ma L. Strategies to reduce ammonia emissions from livestock and their cost-benefit analysis: A case study of Sheyang county. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118045. [PMID: 34488163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions, the majority of which arise from livestock production, are linked to high concentration of PM2.5 and lower air quality in China. NH3 mitigation options were well studied at the small-scale (laboratory or pilot), however, they lack of a large-scale test in China. This study fills this crucial gap by evaluating the cost-benefit of pioneering NH3 mitigation projects carried out for a whole county - Sheyang, Jiangsu province, China. Measures were implemented in 2019 following two distinct strategies, improved manure treatment for industrial livestock farms, and collection and central treatment for traditional livestock farms. Emission reductions of 16% were achieved in a short time. While this is remarkable, it falls short of expectations from small-scale studies. If measures were fully implemented according to purpose and meet expectations from the small scale, higher emission reductions of 42% would be possible. The cost benefit analysis presented in this study demonstrated advantages of central manure treatment over in-farm facilities. With improved implementation of mitigation strategies in industrial livestock farms, traditional livestock farms may play an increasing role in total NH3 emissions, which means such farms either need to be included in future NH3 mitigation policies or gradually replaced by industrial livestock farms. The study found an agricultural NH3 reduction technology route suitable for China's national conditions (such as the "Sheyang Model").
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanqing Zhao
- School of Land Science and Space Planning, Hebei GEO University, 136 East Huai' an Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2444, Laxenburg, Austria; Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9, PL 65-417, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiping Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Dong Y, Beazley R. Long-term dynamics of nitrogen flow in a typical agricultural and pastoral region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its optimization strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117684. [PMID: 34252713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays a central role in livestock development and food production in agricultural and pastoral regions, while its flow and loss can affect environmental quality, biodiversity and human health. A comprehensive understanding of the sources, patterns and drivers of N flow helps to alleviate its negative effects and promote sustainable management. We developed a county-scale N flow model to quantitatively analyze the N use efficiency (NUE), N losses and their driving forces in the food production and consumption system (FCPS) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). More sustainable N utilization was further investigated through scenario analyses. Our results revealed that N fluxes doubled from 1998 to 2018 to maintain the growing demands for human food production and consumption in Ledu County, which was related to the increasing N losses to the atmosphere and water environment. The surging N fluxes greatly changed the N distribution pattern, resulting in a relatively low NUE (mean value: 29.41%) in the crop-production subsystem (CPS) and a relatively high NUE (mean value: 23.50%) in the livestock-breeding subsystem (LBS). The CPS contributed the most to the N losses. The urban population, animal-derived consumption, crop planting structure, imported fodder and N fertilizer application level were closely associated with N losses. The scenario analysis indicated that combined reasonable changes in planting structure, precision animal feeding, fertilizer management, diets and conversion of cropland into pasture could reduce N losses in 2030 to 5%-61% of Business as usual level. Our results highlighted the strong anthropogenic impact on the N flow of food production and consumption and suggested a sustainable N flow management strategy to harmonize the relationship between N flow and anthropogenically driven factors on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yongxiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Robert Beazley
- Department of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fernow Hall 302, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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17
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Jin X, Zhang N, Zhao Z, Bai Z, Ma L. Nitrogen budgets of contrasting crop-livestock systems in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117633. [PMID: 34247004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The crop-livestock system is responsible for a large proportion of global reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses, especially from China. There are diverse livestock systems with contrasting differences in feed, livestock and manure management. However, it is not yet well understood which factors greatly impact on the nitrogen (N) budgets and losses of each system. In this study, we systematically evaluated the N budgets of the crop-livestock production system from 1980 to 2050 in China by identifying the differences of 20 distinct livestock systems. During 1980 to 2010, the total N flow through the crop-livestock system increased from 21.4 to 49.7 Tg, with large variations in different input/output pathways, due to the strong livestock transitions of production towards to a monogastric and landless industrial system. Different systems contributed differently to the total N budgets in 2010. For example, the landless industrial system contributed 67% of livestock product N output, but accounted for 80% of total mineral N fertilizer use and feed N imports by the whole crop-livestock system. The mixed system had the highest rate of N use efficiency at system level due to high dependence on recycled N. N losses were diversely distributed by different systems, with the mixed ruminant system responsible for the majority of NH3-N emission in livestock production, and the grazing ruminant system dominant in NO3-N losses in feed production. The total N entering the crop-livestock system is estimated to be 53.9 Tg with total N losses of 41.3 Tg in 2050 under a business-as-usual scenario. However, this amount could be significantly decreased through combined measures that indicate a considerable potential for future improvements. Overall, our results provide new insights into N use and the management of livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Zhanqing Zhao
- School of Land Science and Space Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
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18
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Bai Z, Ma W, Zhao H, Guo M, Oenema O, Smith P, Velthof G, Liu X, Hu C, Wang P, Zhang N, Liu L, Guo S, Fan X, Winiwarter W, Ma L. Food and feed trade has greatly impacted global land and nitrogen use efficiencies over 1961-2017. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:780-791. [PMID: 37117983 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
International trade of agricultural products has complicated and far-reaching impacts on land and nitrogen use efficiencies. We analysed the productivity of cropland and livestock and associated use of feed and fertilizer efficiency for over 240 countries, and estimated these countries' cumulative contributions to imports and exports of 190 agricultural products for the period 1961-2017. Crop trade has increased global land and partial fertilizer nitrogen productivities in terms of protein production, which equalled savings of 2,270 Mha cropland and 480 Tg synthetic fertilizer nitrogen over the analysed period. However, crop trade decreased global cropland productivity when productivity is expressed on an energy (per calorie) basis. Agricultural trade has generally moved towards optimality, that is, has increased global land and nitrogen use efficiencies during 1961-2017, but remains at a relatively low level. Overall, mixed impacts of trade on resource use indicate the need to rethink trade patterns and improve their optimality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Wageningen University, Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengchu Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Oene Oenema
- Wageningen University, Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gerard Velthof
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Mathematics and Science, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiguang Wang
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sujuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
- The Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
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19
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Muhmood A, Wang X, Dong R, Xiao H, Wu S. Quantitative characterization and effective inactivation of biological hazards in struvite recovered from digested poultry slurry. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117659. [PMID: 34537629 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Struvite formed from digested poultry slurries can serve as an alternative to chemical fertilizers; however, the biological safety of such products is questionable. Therefore, quantification and inactivation of foodborne pathogens existing in struvite are important. Herein, the dynamics of foodborne pathogens' (Streptococcus faecalis, S. typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli) living status, whether culturable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) in struvite, were quantified for the first time. Meanwhile, inactivation technologies, namely high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB), cold plasma, and hot air treatment, were evaluated and compared for their potential to inactivate/kill foodborne pathogens in struvite. An increase in precipitation pH from 9.0 to 11.0 decreased the culturable count of pathogens in the struvite from 75 to 86% to 7-20%, while the VBNC pathogen counts increased from 16 to 24% to 35-55%. Among the tested inactivation technologies, the HHAIB treatment at 130 °C for 120 s killed approximately 68-79% of foodborne pathogens in struvite precipitated at pH 9.0. VBNC pathogens increased from 16 to 24% to 57-68% after HHAIB treatment at 130 °C for 120 s. Struvite treatment with different inactivation technologies did not change its crystalline structure; however, it reduced functional group abundance. Therefore, further research on inactivation technologies is required to achieve better pathogen reduction efficiency in struvite to make it a biologically safe fertilizer for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Soil Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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20
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Wang Y, Cai Z, Lang X, Yan X, Xu K. Nitrogen cascade in the agriculture-food-environment system of the Yangtze Delta, 1998-2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147442. [PMID: 33991925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) cascade in rural areas of Changshu County should be measured and evaluated due to the large increase in anthropogenic disturbances in China's Yangtze Delta. Here, we developed a village-scale N flow model using Changshu County and its towns as a case study. The model included four subsystems and was used to describe the driving forces behind the N cascade from agricultural food production and household consumption to the environment (agriculture-food-environment) system. It was found that from 1998 to 2018 the N input increased from 274.63 to 848.65 kg N ha-1. The cropland N use efficiency (NUEc) decreased by 10.35%, whereas the livestock feed N use efficiency (NUEa) increased by 51.84%. A relatively lower NUE, with a higher N input, was found in Shajiabang Town, which was attributed to hairy crab farming. Changes in dietary patterns led to the food N cost (FNC) being in the range of 4.59-7.74 kg kg-1. Over the past two decades, the N losses from the agriculture-food-environment system decreased by 45.40% from 12,436.60 t N yr-1 (1998). The contribution of the croplands, livestock-breeding, and household consumption to the N losses were 32.44%, 37.78%, and 29.78%, respectively. About 62.83% of the total N losses entered the water environment. Nitrogen emissions from the croplands accounted for 63.21% of the N losses into the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions accounted for 38.50% of the gas emissions, followed by NH3 (28.36%) and N2O (2.81%). The total N losses decreased annually but losses to the water environment increased by 5.10% from 60.16% (1998). The contribution of food production to the total N loss displayed a decreasing trend, while that of food consumption exhibited an increasing trend. Population growth and increased volumes of domestic waste in the Changsu area were the main driving forces for the increased contribution of household food consumption. The significant decline in cropland area and increase in built-up and heavily trafficked areas indicated an overall increase in anthropogenic disturbances, stimulating the N cascade in the Yangtze Delta from 1998 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiulu Lang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kaiqin Xu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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21
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Tiseo K, Pires J, Criscuolo NG, Van Boeckel TP. Geographically targeted surveillance of livestock could help prioritize intervention against antimicrobial resistance in China. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:596-602. [PMID: 37118162 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals is being fuelled by the widespread use of veterinary antimicrobials. China is the largest global consumer of veterinary antimicrobials, and improving AMR surveillance strategies in this region could help prioritize intervention and preserve antimicrobial efficacy. Here we mapped AMR rates in pigs, chickens and cattle in China using 446 surveys of event-based surveillance between 2000 and 2019 for foodborne bacteria, in combination with geospatial models to identify locations where conducting new surveys could have the highest benefits. Using maps of uncertainty, we show that eastern China currently has the highest AMR rates, and southwestern and northeastern China would benefit the most from additional surveillance efforts. Instead of distributing new surveys evenly across administrative divisions, using geographically targeted surveillance could reduce AMR prediction uncertainty by two-fold. In a context of competing disease control priorities, our findings present a feasible option for optimizing surveillance efforts-and slowing the spread of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katie Tiseo
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - João Pires
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington DC, USA.
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22
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Long W, Wang H, Hou Y, Chadwick D, Ma Y, Cui Z, Zhang F. Mitigation of Multiple Environmental Footprints for China's Pig Production Using Different Land Use Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4440-4451. [PMID: 33793238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pig production contributes considerably to land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) and reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions. Land use strategies were widely proposed, but the spillover effects on biological flow are rarely explored. Here, we simultaneously assessed the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and cropland footprints of China's pig production at the provincial scale in 2017. The environmental impacts of land use strategies were further evaluated. Results show that one kg live-weight pig production generated an average of 1.9 kg CO2-equiv and 59 g Nr emissions, occupying 3.5 m2 cropland, with large regional variations. A large reduction in GHG (58-64%) and Nr (12-14%) losses and occupied cropland (10-11%) could be achieved simultaneously if combined strategies of intensive crop production, improved feed-protein utilization efficiency, and feeding co-products were implemented. However, adopting a single strategy may have environmental side-effects. Reallocating cropland that pigs used for feed to plant food alternatives would enhance human-edible energy (3-20 times) and protein delivery (1-5 times) and reduce C and N footprints, except for rice and vegetables. Reallocating cropland to beef and milk production would decrease energy and protein supply. Therefore, a proper combination of land use strategies is essential to alleviate land use changes and nutrient emissions without sacrificing food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dave Chadwick
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Yifei Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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23
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Chen GL, Xiao L, Xia QL, Wang Y, Yuan JH, Chen H, Wang SQ, Zhu YY. Characterization of Different Phosphorus Forms in Flooded and Upland Paddy Soils Incubated with Various Manures. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3259-3266. [PMID: 33553944 PMCID: PMC7860232 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for crop production, and animal manures are rich in P. When using animal manures as alternatives to synthetic fertilizers, it is important to know the kinetics of P release from different animal manures and the forms, amounts, and dynamics of P in manure-treated soils. We chose four types of manure, viz., pig manure (PM), chicken manure (CM), dairy manure (DM), and commercial organic compost (OM), and evaluated the P release rate and availability in water solution and flooded/upland paddy soils. The WEP/total P (TP) and the water-extractable P (WEP) concentrations are highest for OM with the order: OM > PM > CM > DM. An increase in soil Olsen-P concentration was observed for the addition of manure with a varying application rate of P from low to moderate to high. The release capacity of Olsen-P in flooded conditions was higher than that in upland conditions. Under the flooded soil, PM and OM have faster release rates than CM and OM in the upland soil. Moreover, PM significantly increased available P by 29% in the flooded paddy soil while moderately inorganic P increased by 17% in the upland paddy soil. Olsen-P has a significant linear relationship with available P (Resin-P + NaHCO3-Pi; R 2 = 0.104; P < 0.01) and moderately inorganic P (NaOH-Pi + HCl-P; R 2 = 0.286; P < 0.01). The structural equation model showed that the organic input was beneficial to the conversion of moderately inorganic P to available P. Our results indicate that PM amendment promotes the release of available P in paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Chen
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National
Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Xia
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National
Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National
Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National
Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shen-Qiang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National
Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi-Yong Zhu
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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24
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Cui M, Guo Q, Wei R, Tian L. Human-driven spatiotemporal distribution of phosphorus flux in the environment of a mega river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141781. [PMID: 33207526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Large river basins transport considerable nutrients to the ocean every year. However, phosphorus (P) generated by human activities not only threatens aquatic ecosystem health in the river basin, but also has a negative effect on the estuary water environment. To better understand the environmental effects of anthropogenic P in a mega basin, we examined its inputs and distribution characteristics, and analyzed the factors driving it in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) and sub-catchments. Anthropogenic P flux in the sub-catchments gradually increased from upper to lower reaches, and hotspots were primarily concentrated in traditional agricultural areas such as the Sichuan Basin and the Middle-Lower Yangtze plains. Agricultural sources were the main anthropogenic P inputs, of which fertilizer P was the leading contributor and driver of P changes, but livestock manure also accounted for a high proportion. Presently, anthropogenic P inputs in the YRB are considerably higher than in other parts of the world. Although long-distance transportation allows some P from the entire basin to be deposited in freshwater, a large amount of P still reaches the estuary and has a negative effect on water quality, outweighing the influence of local coastal inputs. To maintain the ecological health of the river basin and estuary, it will be necessary to further improve P utilization efficiency and encourage greater cooperation between different regions in the river basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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25
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Cao Y, Bai Z, Misselbrook T, Wang X, Ma L. Ammonia emissions from different pig production scales and their temporal variations in the North China Plain. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:23-33. [PMID: 32909911 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1815895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pig production systems in China are shifting from small to industrial scale. Significant variation in housing ammonia (NH3) emissions can exist due to differences in diet, housing design, and management practices. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the impacts of farm-scale in China, which may be critical in identifying hotspots and mitigation targets. Here, continuous in-situ NH3 concentration measurements were made at pig farms of different scales for sows and fattening pigs over periods of 3-6 days during two different seasons (summer vs. winter). For the sow farms, NH3 emission rates were greater at the small farm (summer: 0.52 g pig-1 hr-1; winter: 0.21 g pig-1 hr-1) than at the large farm (summer: 0.34 g pig-1 hr-1; winter: 0.12 g pig-1 hr-1). For the fattening pig farms, NH3 emission rates were greater at the large farm (summer: 0.22 g pig-1 hr-1; winter: 0.16 g pig-1 hr-1) than at the small farm (summer: 0.19 g pig-1 hr-1; winter: 0.07 g pig-1 hr-1). Regardless of farm scale, the NH3 emission rates measured in summer were greater than those in winter; the NH3 emission rates were greater in the daytime than at the nighttime; a positive relationship (R2 = 0.06-0.68) was established between temperature and NH3 emission rate, whereas a negative relationship (R2 = 0.10-0.47) was found between relative humidity and NH3 emission rate. The effect of farm-scale on indoor NH3 concentration could mostly be explained by the differences in ventilation rates between farms. The diurnal variation in NH3 concentration could be partly explained by ventilation rate (R2 = 0.48-0.78) in the small traditional farms and by emission rate (R2 = 0.26-0.85) in the large industrial farms, except for the large fattening pig farm in summer. Overall, mitigation of NH3 emissions from sow farms should be a top priority in the North China Plain. Implications: The present study firstly examined the farm-scale effect of ammonia emissions in the North China Plain. Of all farms, the sow farm was identified as the greatest source of ammonia emission. Regardless of farm scale, ammonia emission rates were observed to be higher in summer. Ammonia concentrations were mostly higher in the large industrial farms partly due to lower ventilation rates than in the small traditional farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science , Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science , Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tom Misselbrook
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research , Okehampton, UK
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science , Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science , Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhang M, Li Z, Li J, Huang T, Peng G, Tang W, Yi G, Zhang L, Song Y, Liu T, Hu X, Ren L, Liu H, Butler JE, Han H, Zhao Y. Revisiting the Pig IGHC Gene Locus in Different Breeds Uncovers Nine Distinct IGHG Genes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2137-2145. [PMID: 32929042 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgG subclass diversification is common in placental mammals. It has been well documented in humans and mice that different IgG subclasses, with diversified functions, synergistically regulate humoral immunity. However, our knowledge on the genomic and functional diversification of IgG subclasses in the pig, a mammalian species with high agricultural and biomedical importance, is incomplete. Using bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing and newly assembled genomes generated by the PacBio sequencing approach, we characterized and mapped the IgH C region gene locus in three indigenous Chinese breeds (Erhualian, Xiang, and Luchuan) and compared them to that of Duroc. Our data revealed that IGHG genes in Chinese pigs differ from the Duroc, whereas the IGHM, IGHD, IGHA, and IGHE genes were all single copy and highly conserved in the pig breeds examined. Most striking were differences in numbers of IGHG genes: there are seven genes in Erhualian pigs, six in the Duroc, but only five in Xiang pigs. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all reported porcine IGHG genes could be classified into nine subclasses: IGHG1, IGHG2a, IGHG2b, IGHG2c, IGHG3, IGHG4, IGHG5a, IGHG5b, and IGHG5c. Using sequence information, we developed a mouse mAb specific for IgG3. This study offers a starting point to investigate the structure-function relationship of IgG subclasses in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaochuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; and
| | - John E Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Haitang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
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27
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Wang F, Wang Y, Cai Z, Chen X. Environmental losses and driving forces of nitrogen flow in two agricultural towns of Hebei province during 1997-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114636. [PMID: 32380391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) losses from food production and consumption have resulted in noticeable environmental impacts, e.g., air pollution and climate change, saturation of soil N, and water eutrophication. In the present study, a rural-scale N flow model was constructed in Quzhou county, Hebei province to investigate the characteristics of the N flux, N use efficiency (NUE), and N loss and their driving factors in the food production and consumption system during 1997-2017. Our results show that the N fluxes of the crop-production subsystem (CPS), the livestock-breeding subsystem (LBS), and the household-consumption subsystem (HCS) all followed an upward trend. During 1997-2017, the N losses from the system were high (51.38%), and the CPS was a major source. When the N fertilizer application level was optimal (403-475 kg N ha-1), the NUE in the CPS (NUEc) decreased sharply, resulting in a higher N cost than that observed at larger scales. For the LBS, the NUE of animal feed (NUEa) was high (46.37%); however, the waste utilization rate of the HCS was below 30%. The chemical fertilizer application level, feed input, animal-food demand, and livestock manure application level were closely related to the environmental N losses. Due to the lack of reasonable N treatment and utilization methods, the increasing N losses are expected to have a large future impact on environmental issues such as haze, soil acidification, and frequent algal blooms. Therefore, adjusting N management in the processes of food production and consumption is of great significance to the improvement of global NUE and reduction of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
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28
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Wang H, Zhang X, Ma Y, Hou Y. Mitigation potential for carbon and nitrogen emissions in pig production systems: lessons from the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138482. [PMID: 32304969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China produces approximately half of the world's pork at a high environmental cost. Implementing mitigation measures requires a better understanding of pig farming systems that are often diverse in practice. Nutrient uses and losses can be largely altered due to these variations but have not, however, been fully evaluated; moreover, attention is rarely paid to pollution swapping. Our study evaluated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) flows among pig farms on the North China Plain using the mass flow approach. The impacts of advanced mitigation measures on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and on C and N emissions were further analyzed via scenario analyses. The results showed that large variations among farms were observed by comparing the best-performing farms ("top 20%") with the "other" farms; the comparisons showed 31.3 vs. 21.3% for the system NUE, 3.0 vs. 5.7 kg N ·100 kg liveweight gain (LWG)-1 for manure N losses, and 108.1 vs. 146.4 kg CO2-eg·100 kg LWG-1 for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, respectively. Lower system NUE was caused by lower NUEs of pigs, followed by high N emissions from manure and excessive manure application. Scenario analyses indicated that the total N loss of systems can be mitigated by 10-13% through dietary manipulation and by 26%, 27%, and 13% by low-emission storage, biogas production with improved storage, and balanced fertilization, respectively. Anaerobic digestion was solely effective for GHG mitigation (46% reduction), but no impacts were observed for all other low-NH3 measures. Combining mitigation measures simultaneously decreased total N and GHG losses by 56% and 54%, respectively, and increased the system NUEs by 89%. The wide variations among farms suggest largely attainable improvements in productivity and nutrient use by closing the management gaps related to these factors. Proper combinations of advanced measures are further needed to achieve more effective mitigation goals for multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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Wang Z, Hartmann TE, Wang X, Cui Z, Hou Y, Meng F, Yu X, Wu J, Zhang F. Phosphorus flow analysis in the maize based food-feed-energy systems in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109319. [PMID: 32151842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential and limiting nutrient for agricultural systems, where the demand for agricultural products such as food, feed, and bio-fuel are the major drivers of the intensification of agricultural production systems. Globally, maize is one of three main cereal crops, a main feedstock for animal production and a substrate for the production of bio-ethanol. This study investigated P flows through the multiple utilization systems of maize (as represented by the subsystems of food, feed and energy production) at a crop level of 2016 as reference year and made future predictions of P flows for the year 2030 based on different scenarios for food-feed-energy systems in China. For 2016, the subsystem of animal production resulted in the highest waste of P due to inappropriate manure management, but the subsystem of value-added products (Bio-fuel production, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), maize-oil) showed the lowest P use efficiency (39%). From the value-added subsystem, 17% of P from the process flow to the subsystem of animal production as DDGS, and 61% of P is wasted associated with wastewater and sludge. Future scenarios of structural adjustments in the maize consumption system predict that the supply of maize for animal feed will be threatened if the policy of the Biofuel National Promotion before 2020 is fully implemented in China, as current maize production will not meet the future demand of food, feed and energy simultaneously. The results emphasized the use of P waste resources and better sludge management from a systems perspective. This also implied the importance of exploring coordinated development and integrated strategies for sustainable P flow management in multiple utilization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | | | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xingchen Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jiechen Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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Li A, Strokal M, Bai Z, Kroeze C, Ma L. How to avoid coastal eutrophication - a back-casting study for the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:676-690. [PMID: 31539976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a serious problem in Chinese seas. We explore possibilities to avoid coastal eutrophication without compromising food production in the North China Plain. We used the Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrient to seAs (MARINA 1.0) for back-casting and scenario analysis. Avoiding coastal eutrophication by 2050 implies required reductions in river export of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) by 50-90% for the Hai, Huai and Huang rivers. We analyzed the potential to meet these targets in 54 scenarios assuming improvements in manure recycling, fertilizer application, animal feed and wastewater treatment. Results indicate that combining manure recycling while reducing synthetic fertilizer use are effective options to reduce nutrient inputs to seas. Without such options, direct discharge of manure are important sources of water pollution. In the 7-25 scenarios with the low eutrophication potential, 40-100% of the N and P in untreated manure is recycled on land to replace synthetic fertilizers. Our results can support the formulation of effective environmental policies to avoid coastal eutrophication in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China.
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Li J, Bi Z, Ma S, Chen B, Cai C, He J, Schwarz S, Sun C, Zhou Y, Yin J, Hulth A, Wang Y, Shen Z, Wang S, Wu C, Nilsson LE, Walsh TR, Börjesson S, Shen J, Sun Q, Wang Y. Inter-host Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli among Humans and Backyard Animals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107009. [PMID: 31642700 PMCID: PMC6910777 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapidly increasing dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in both humans and animals poses a global threat to public health. However, the transmission of CRE between humans and animals has not yet been well studied. OBJECTIVES We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and drivers of CRE transmission between humans and their backyard animals in rural China. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive sampling strategy in 12 villages in Shandong, China. Using the household [residents and their backyard animals (farm and companion animals)] as a single surveillance unit, we assessed the prevalence of CRE at the household level and examined the factors associated with CRE carriage through a detailed questionnaire. Genetic relationships among human- and animal-derived CRE were assessed using whole-genome sequencing-based molecular methods. RESULTS A total of 88 New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases-type carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (NDM-EC), including 17 from humans, 44 from pigs, 12 from chickens, 1 from cattle, and 2 from dogs, were isolated from 65 of the 746 households examined. The remaining 12 NDM-EC were from flies in the immediate backyard environment. The NDM-EC colonization in households was significantly associated with a) the number of species of backyard animals raised/kept in the same household, and b) the use of human and/or animal feces as fertilizer. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that a large proportion of the core genomes of the NDM-EC belonged to strains from hosts other than their own, and several human isolates shared closely related core single-nucleotide polymorphisms and blaNDM genetic contexts with isolates from backyard animals. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we are the first to report evidence of direct transmission of NDM-EC between humans and animals. Given the rise of NDM-EC in community and hospital infections, combating NDM-EC transmission in backyard farm systems is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenwang Bi
- Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shizhen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Cai
- China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Innovation Office, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Junjia He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chengtao Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yin
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Anette Hulth
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lennart E. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ye ZL, Ghyselbrecht K, Monballiu A, Pinoy L, Meesschaert B. Fractionating various nutrient ions for resource recovery from swine wastewater using simultaneous anionic and cationic selective-electrodialysis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:424-434. [PMID: 31163318 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Different from current nutrient recovery technologies of recovering one or two nutrient components (PO43- or NH4+) from wastewater, this study aimed to fractionate various nutrient anions and cations simultaneously, including PO43-, SO42-, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, into several streams. The recovered streams could be further paired together to produce high-value products. A novel electrodialysis process was developed by integrating monovalent selective anion and cation exchange membranes into an electrodialysis stack. Results revealed that nutrient recovery was achieved effectively by fractionating PO43- and SO42- into the anionic product stream, whereas bivalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) were extracted in the cationic product stream and the monovalent cations (K+ and NH4+) were concentrated in the brine stream. For the permeation capabilities of anions, SO42- and Cl- possessed the higher preference, whereas PO43- permeated the membrane more difficult. As to the cations, the permeation sequence was: NH4+≈K+ >Ca2+>Mg2+≈Na+. Enhancing voltage values not only promoted ion migration rates, but also led to the increase of energy consumption. Although elevating initial phosphate concentration in the anionic product streams from 60 mg/L to 470 mg/L did not influence phosphate fractionation significantly, the current efficiency decreased from 3.55% to 0.65% and a remarkable increased of energy consumption from 29.42 kWh/kg NaH2PO4 to 160.13 kWh/kg NaH2PO4 was observed. Further experiments were conducted for phosphorus recovery by pairing two recovered product streams, which revealed that phosphate precipitation could be achieved by using inherent Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the wastewater without dosing external cation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Long Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen City, Fujian, 361021, China; Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Karel Ghyselbrecht
- Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Annick Monballiu
- Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Luc Pinoy
- Cluster for Sustainable Chemical Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Technology Campus Ghent, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Boudewijn Meesschaert
- Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium.
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Li Y, An S, Zhang F, Liu X, Hu B. Influence of Ligneous Bulking Agents on the Complexation of Heavy Metals to Humic Substances Formed in Pig Manure Composting. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:323-329. [PMID: 31230134 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of different lignin sources on humic substance formation during composting, this study selected two lignin sources, including wood sawdust and maize straw, to be co-composted with pig manure. Humic substances (HS) were characterized based on their fluorescence characteristics and complexing behaviors with heavy metals. The results showed that lignin sources, especially wood sawdust, were more conducive in promoting the formation of humic acids (HAs) than inorganic matter. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra also proved the positive effects of lignin on the formation of HAs during the humification process. The binding capacities of HAs isolated from mature composts for Cu and Cd followed the order of WS-90 > MS-90 > I-90, indicating that organic bulking agents are superior at increasing the complexing capacity of HAs. This finding suggests that the co-composting of pig manure with ligneous bulking agents is more advantageous at reducing the environmental risk of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Siyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fengsong Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Baiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Liu H, Zhao M, Soomro AF, Memon MZ, Dupont V. Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis to discern synergy during the co-pyrolysis of microalgae and swine manure digestate. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:170. [PMID: 31297158 PMCID: PMC6599296 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-pyrolysis of wastes with other feedstock can synergistically improve the rate of biomass decomposition and also help to resolve the issues related to limited availability feedstock. In this regards, synergistic interaction between feedstock during co-pyrolysis is an important aspect of research. As the constituents of aquatic and lignocellulosic biomass are different, and the decomposition pattern of aquatic biomass is dissimilar when compared to lignocellulosic biomass, it is important to understand whether these two biomasses interact during co-pyrolysis. RESULTS Synergism in the co-pyrolysis of microalgae (MA), swine manure digestate (SWD), and their blends (MA/SWD) (w/w %), 2.5/7.5 (MD-1), 5/5 (MD-2), and 7.5/2.5 (MD-3), was evaluated based on decomposition behavior, gas yields, extent of thermal degradation, and kinetics. Extractives and volatiles in biomass enhanced the reaction kinetics and products yields, as indicated by the reduction in apparent activation energy of the blends, accompanied by an increase in H2, total gas yield, and extent in degradation. Thermogravimetric data, via isoconversional methods, were interpreted to achieve the apparent activation energies for the thermal degradation of the MA, SWD, and their blends. The best fit reaction models were identified using compensation effect and generalized master plots methods. Semi-quantitative method was used to quantify the evolved gas species. H2, CO, and CO2 were noted to be the dominant gases, implying that tar cracking and reforming reactions were predominant. CONCLUSIONS Overall, synergy was noticed with respect to the pyrolysis of SWD biomass to gas products in the presence of MA biomass, whereas synergy was witnessed up to 50 w/w % MA in view of kinetic parameters as evaluation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Abdul F. Soomro
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | | | - Valerie Dupont
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
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Lam Y, Fry JP, Nachman KE. Applying an environmental public health lens to the industrialization of food animal production in ten low- and middle-income countries. Global Health 2019; 15:40. [PMID: 31196114 PMCID: PMC6567672 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Industrial food animal production (IFAP) is characterized by dense animal housing, high throughput, specialization, vertical integration, and corporate consolidation. Research in high-income countries has documented impacts on public health, the environment, and animal welfare. IFAP is proliferating in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where increased consumption of animal-source foods has occurred alongside rising incomes and efforts to address undernutrition. However, in these countries IFAP’s negative externalities could be amplified by inadequate infrastructure and resources to document issues and implement controls. Methods Using UN FAOSTAT data, we selected ten LMICs where food animal production is expanding and assessed patterns of IFAP growth. We conducted a mixed methods review to explore factors affecting growth, evidence of impacts, and information gaps; we searched several databases for sources in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Data were extracted from 450+ sources, comprising peer-reviewed literature, government documents, NGO reports, and news articles. Results In the selected LMICs, not only has livestock production increased, but the nature of expansion appears to have involved industrialized methods, to varying extents based on species and location. Expansion was promoted in some countries by explicit government policies. Animal densities, corporate structure, and pharmaceutical reliance in some areas mirrored conditions found in high-income countries. There were many reported weaknesses in regulation and capacity for enforcement surrounding production and animal welfare. Global trade increasingly influences movement of and access to inputs such as feed. There was a nascent, compelling body of scientific literature documenting IFAP’s negative environmental and public health externalities in some countries. Conclusions LMICs may be attracted to IFAP for economic development and food security, as well as the potential for increasing access to animal-source foods and the role these foods can play in alleviating undernutrition. IFAP, however, is resource intensive. Industrialized production methods likely result in serious negative public health, environmental, and animal welfare impacts in LMICs. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic effort to assess IFAP trends through an environmental public health lens for a relatively large group of LMICs. It contributes to the literature by outlining urgent research priorities aimed at informing national and international decisions about the future of food animal production and efforts to tackle global undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyan Lam
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 840, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Jillian P Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 840, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.,Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 840, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., W7007, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Lassaletta L, Estellés F, Beusen AHW, Bouwman L, Calvet S, van Grinsven HJM, Doelman JC, Stehfest E, Uwizeye A, Westhoek H. Future global pig production systems according to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:739-751. [PMID: 30790747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global pork production has increased fourfold over the last 50 years and is expected to continue growing during the next three decades. This may have considerable implications for feed use, land requirements, and nitrogen emissions. To analyze the development of the pig production sector at the scale of world regions, we developed the IMAGE-Pig model to describe changes in feed demand, feed conversion ratios (FCRs), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen excretion for backyard, intermediate and intensive systems during the past few decades as a basis to explore future scenarios. For each region and production system, total production, productive characteristics and dietary compositions were defined for the 1970-2005 period. The results show that due to the growing pork production total feed demand has increased by a factor of two (from 229 to 471Tg DM). This is despite the improvement of FCRs during the 1970-2005 period, which has reduced the feed use per kg of product. The increase of nitrogen use efficiency was slower than the improvement of FCRs due to increasing protein content in the feed rations. As a result, total N excretion increased by more than a factor of two in the 1970-2005 period (from 4.6 to 11.1 Tg N/year). For the period up to 2050, the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) provide information on levels of human consumption, technical development and environmental awareness. The sustainability of pig production systems for the coming decades will be based not only on the expected efficiency improvements at the level of animal breeds, but also on four additional pillars: (i) use of alternative feed sources not competing with human food, (ii) reduction of the crude protein content in rations, (iii) the proper use of slurries as fertilizers through coupling of crop and livestock production and (iv) moderation of the human pork consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Lassaletta
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands; CEIGRAM/Department of Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Fernando Estellés
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arthur H W Beusen
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lex Bouwman
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Salvador Calvet
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan C Doelman
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Stehfest
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Aimable Uwizeye
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal Production and Health Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Teagasc - Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Henk Westhoek
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, the Netherlands
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Li H, Li H, Xie P, Li Z, Yin Y, Blachier F, Kong X. Dietary supplementation with fermented Mao-tai lees beneficially affects gut microbiota structure and function in pigs. AMB Express 2019; 9:26. [PMID: 30778768 PMCID: PMC6379501 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota positively contribute to livestock nutrition and metabolism. The manipulation of these microbes may improve animal health. Some feed additives improve livestock health and metabolism by regulating gut microbiota composition and activity. We fed hybrid pigs diets supplemented with 0% (control), 5% (treat 1), 10% (treat 2), or 15% (treat 3) fermented Mao-tai lees (FML) for 90 days. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bioamines, and microbial communities found in colonic contents were analyzed to investigate microbiota composition and metabolic profiles. Concentrations of straight-chain fatty acids (e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and tyramine increased with FML supplementation content. Contrary to the minor effects of 5% and 10% FML on gut microbiota, 15% FML influenced beta diversity (Jaccard or Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) but not alpha diversity (number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon diversity) of pig gut microbial communities compared to the control group. Notably, 15% FML animals were characterized by a higher abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Akkermansia) but lower abundances of potential pathogens (Escherichia). Numerous genes associated with metabolism (e.g., starch, sucrose, and sulfur-compounds metabolism) showed a higher relative abundance in the 15% FML than in the control group. Additionally, most Phascolarctobacterium, Treponema, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium bacterial markers in the 15% FML group were positively correlated with straight-chain fatty acid concentrations, suggesting that these bacteria are likely associated with SCFA production. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of 15% FML on fermentation of undigested compounds and gut microbiota composition in the colon. Thus, 15% FML supplementation in pig feed may possibly represent a way to optimize pig colon health for livestock farming.
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Jiang S, Hua H, Sheng H, Jarvie HP, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Liu X. Phosphorus footprint in China over the 1961-2050 period: Historical perspective and future prospect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:687-695. [PMID: 30212698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus footprint (PF) is a novel concept to analyze human burdens on phosphorus resources. However, research on PF approach is still limited, and current several PF studies include incomplete phosphorus sources and have limited quantitative interpretation about the drivers of PF changes, which can help understand future trends of PF. This study develops a more comprehensive PF model by considering crop, livestock and aquatic food, and non-food goods, which covers the mainly phosphorus containing products consumed by human. The model is applied to quantify China's PF from 1961 to 2014, and the results of the model are also used to analyze the factors driving the PF changes and explored China's PF scenarios for 2050 using an econometric analysis model (STIRPAT). The result shows that China's PF increased over 11-fold, from 0.9 to 10.6 Tg between 1961 and 2014. The PF of livestock food dominated China's PF, accounting for 57% of the total in 1961 and 45% in 2014. The key factors driving the increase in China's PF are the increase in population and urbanization rate, with contributions of 38% and 33%, respectively. We showed that in the baseline scenario, China's PF would increase by 70% during 2014-2050 and cause the depletion of China's phosphate reserves in 2045. However, in the best case scenario, China's PF would decrease by 15% in 2050 compared with that in 2014, and it would have 50% of current phosphate reserve remaining by 2050. Several mitigation measures are then proposed by considering China's realities from both production and consumption perspective, which can provide valuable policy insights to other rapid developing countries to mitigate the P footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Helen P Jarvie
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Ma L, Bai Z, Ma W, Guo M, Jiang R, Liu J, Oenema O, Velthof GL, Whitmore AP, Crawford J, Dobermann A, Schwoob M, Zhang F. Exploring Future Food Provision Scenarios for China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1385-1393. [PMID: 30609901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing sustainable food systems is essential, especially for emerging economies, where food systems are changing rapidly and affect the environment and natural resources. We explored possible future pathways for a sustainable food system in China, using multiple environmental indicators linked to eight of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Forecasts for 2030 in a business as usual scenario (BAU) indicate increases in animal food consumption as well as increased shortages of the land available and the water needed to produce the required food in China. Associated greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen and phosphorus losses could become 10-42% of global emissions in 2010. We developed three main pathways besides BAU [produce more and better food (PMB), consume and waste less food (CWL), and import more food (IMF)] and analyzed their impacts and contributions to achieving one or more of the eight SDGs. Under these scenarios, the demand for land and water and the emissions of GHG and nutrients may decrease by 7-55% compared to BAU, depending on the pathway followed. A combination of PMB and CWL was most effective, while IMF externalizes impacts to countries exporting to China. Modestly increasing feed or food imports in a selective manner could ease the pressure on natural resources. Our modeling framework allows us to analyze the effects of changes in food production-consumption systems in an integrated manner, and the results can be linked to the eight SDGs. Despite formidable technological, social, educational, and structural barriers that need to be overcome, our study indicates that the ambitious targets of China's new agricultural and environmental strategy appear to be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research , Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shijiazhuang 050021 , China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research , Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shijiazhuang 050021 , China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , China
| | - Mengchu Guo
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Junguo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Oene Oenema
- Wageningen, Environmental Research P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Gerard L Velthof
- Wageningen, Environmental Research P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - John Crawford
- Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Herts AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | | | - Marie Schwoob
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI) , 41, rue du Four 75006 Paris , France
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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Huang H, Li B, Li J, Zhang P, Yu W, Zhao N, Guo G, Young B. Influence of process parameters on the heavy metal (Zn 2+, Cu 2+ and Cr 3+) content of struvite obtained from synthetic swine wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:658-665. [PMID: 30500746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Struvite recovered from swine wastewater can be used as a good slow release fertilizer. Nevertheless, the presence of heavy metals would be easily precipitated with struvite and increase the ecological risk for its agricultural use. This paper investigated the possibility of using process variables for heavy metal (Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cr3+) minimization during struvite crystallization in swine wastewater. The heavy metal content, effect ratios (ER) of the citric acid concentration under varying conditions were tested and their SEM, EDS and XRD patterns were compared for morphology analysis. The results show that an increase in pH decreased the content of Cu, Zn and Cr in recovered precipitates. Heavy metal content in the precipitates increased markedly with their initial concentrations in the solution. The effect ratio calculation indicates that Cr has the strongest co-precipitation potential, followed by Zn and Cu. An increase in citric acid concentration reduced the heavy metal removal efficiency (14.3, 27.7 and 28.1% for Cu, Zn and Cr, respectively) but did not decrease their content in struvite precipitates. What is more, increase of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) to soluble phosphate molar ratio significantly decreased Cu, Zn removal efficiency (52.2 and 50% respectively), while Mg:PO4P molar ratio had much less effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China; Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ning Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Guojun Guo
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Brent Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Peng Z, Zhang J, Fanning S, Wang L, Li M, Maheshwari N, Sun J, Li F. Effects of metal and metalloid pollutants on the microbiota composition of feces obtained from twelve commercial pig farms across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:577-586. [PMID: 30092513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metal and metalloid contamination and microbiota composition of pig feces is an important step required to support the design and implementation of effective pollution control and prevention strategies. A survey was implemented in 12 locations across China to investigate the content of metals and metalloids, and the main composition of the microbial communities of commercially reared pigs during two growth periods, defined as the early (Q group) and the later fattening growth phases (H group). These data showed widespread Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe pollution in pig feces. The concentration of Zn in the Q group feces was nearly two times higher than the levels measured in the H group. The microbial composition of the Q group exhibited greater richness of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and fewer bacteria associated with zoonotic diseases compared with the microbial composition of the H group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that Cu and northern latitudes had a significant positive effect on the richness of bacterial communities in pig feces. Zn and Cd exhibited the biggest impact on microbial community composition based on canonical correspondence analysis. Functional metagenomic prediction indicated that about 0.8% genes present in the pig feces bacteria community are related to human diseases, and significantly more predicted pathogenic genes were detected in the H group than in the Q group. These results support the need to monitor heavy metal contamination and to control for zoonotic pathogens disseminated from pig feces in Chinese pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7(th) Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Weifang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39, Siping Road, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, Shandong Province 261401, P.R. China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7(th) Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Weifang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39, Siping Road, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, Shandong Province 261401, P.R. China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7(th) Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Nikunj Maheshwari
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jun Sun
- Weifang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39, Siping Road, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, Shandong Province 261401, P.R. China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7(th) Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.
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Ma S, Luo Z, Hu S, Chen D. Promoting information technology for the sustainable development of the phosphate fertilizer industry: a case study of Guizhou Province, China. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181160. [PMID: 30564408 PMCID: PMC6281935 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The information technology revolution has brought unprecedented opportunities to the sustainable development of the traditional phosphate fertilizer industry. In this paper, the changes in characteristic indexes during this technological progress and business innovation are investigated at the industrial level and for different stakeholders using scenario simulation analysis based on system dynamics. The results show that information technology will have a significant impact on the traditional fertilizer industry. The popularity of information technology represents a win-win situation for industries, farmers, enterprises and governments. The sustainable development of the phosphate fertilizer industry promoted by information technology means that agrochemical services are a new growth point for the industry, and farmers will be the largest beneficiaries. Enterprises will adjust their product structures to achieve the relevant phosphate reduction goals before 2020. At the government level, the indirect benefits from energy savings, water conservation and reductions in non-point source pollution control treatment also increase significantly. In the new production and sales model, the development of the phosphate fertilizer industry is completely decoupled from resource consumption. In the future, this technological progress will eventually form a sustainable network of industrial innovation patterns. Our finding suggests that the application of information technology in the phosphate fertilizer industry can stimulate the vitality of each entity in the industry and achieve a win-win situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Industrial Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Department of Resources and Environment Business, China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Industrial Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanying Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Industrial Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Industrial Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Bai Z, Ma W, Ma L, Velthof GL, Wei Z, Havlík P, Oenema O, Lee MRF, Zhang F. China's livestock transition: Driving forces, impacts, and consequences. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar8534. [PMID: 30035221 PMCID: PMC6051741 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
China's livestock industry has experienced a vast transition during the last three decades, with profound effects on domestic and global food provision, resource use, nitrogen and phosphorus losses, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the driving forces around this transition and its national and global consequences. The number of livestock units (LUs) tripled in China in less than 30 years, mainly through the growth of landless industrial livestock production systems and the increase in monogastric livestock (from 62 to 74% of total LUs). Changes were fueled through increases in demand as well as, supply of new breeds, new technology, and government support. Production of animal source protein increased 4.9 times, nitrogen use efficiency at herd level tripled, and average feed use and GHG emissions per gram protein produced decreased by a factor of 2 between 1980 and 2010. In the same period, animal feed imports have increased 49 times, total ammonia and GHG emissions to the atmosphere doubled, and nitrogen losses to watercourses tripled. As a consequence, China's livestock transition has significant global impact. Forecasts for 2050, using the Shared Socio-economic Pathways scenarios, indicate major further changes in livestock production and impacts. On the basis of these possible trajectories, we suggest an alternative transition, which should be implemented by government, processing industries, consumers, and retailers. This new transition is targeted to increase production efficiency and environmental performance at system level, with coupling of crop-livestock production, whole chain manure management, and spatial planning as major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
- Wageningen University, Department of Soil Quality, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Gerard L. Velthof
- Wageningen University, Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhibiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Petr Havlík
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Oene Oenema
- Wageningen University, Department of Soil Quality, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael R. F. Lee
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Somerset BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wang M, Ma L, Strokal M, Ma W, Liu X, Kroeze C. Hotspots for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Food Production in China: A County-Scale Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5782-5791. [PMID: 29671326 PMCID: PMC5956281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Food production in China results in large losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the environment. Our objective is to identify hotspots for N and P losses to the environment from food production in China at the county scale. To do this, we used the NUFER (Nutrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use) model. Between 1990 and 2012, the hotspot area expanded by a factor of 3 for N, and 24 for P. In 2012 most hotspots were found in the North China Plain. Hotspots covered less than 10% of the Chinese land area, but contributed by more than half to N and P losses to the environment. Direct discharge of animal manure to rivers was an important cause of N and P losses. Food production was found to be more intensive in hotspots than in other counties. Synthetic fertilizer use and animal numbers in hotspots were a factor of 4-5 higher than in other counties in 2012. Also the number of people working in food production and the incomes of farmers are higher in hotspots than in other counties. This study concludes with suggestions for region-specific pollution control technologies for food production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural
Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
- Phone/Fax: +31 317 483776. E-mail:
| | - Lin Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural
Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Phone/Fax: 86-0-311-85810877. E-mail:
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Bai Z, Lee MRF, Ma L, Ledgard S, Oenema O, Velthof GL, Ma W, Guo M, Zhao Z, Wei S, Li S, Liu X, Havlík P, Luo J, Hu C, Zhang F. Global environmental costs of China's thirst for milk. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2198-2211. [PMID: 29417720 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
China has an ever-increasing thirst for milk, with a predicted 3.2-fold increase in demand by 2050 compared to the production level in 2010. What are the environmental implications of meeting this demand, and what is the preferred pathway? We addressed these questions by using a nexus approach, to examine the interdependencies of increasing milk consumption in China by 2050 and its global impacts, under different scenarios of domestic milk production and importation. Meeting China's milk demand in a business as usual scenario will increase global dairy-related (China and the leading milk exporting regions) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 35% (from 565 to 764 Tg CO2eq ) and land use for dairy feed production by 32% (from 84 to 111 million ha) compared to 2010, while reactive nitrogen losses from the dairy sector will increase by 48% (from 3.6 to 5.4 Tg nitrogen). Producing all additional milk in China with current technology will greatly increase animal feed import; from 1.9 to 8.5 Tg for concentrates and from 1.0 to 6.2 Tg for forage (alfalfa). In addition, it will increase domestic dairy related GHG emissions by 2.2 times compared to 2010 levels. Importing the extra milk will transfer the environmental burden from China to milk exporting countries; current dairy exporting countries may be unable to produce all additional milk due to physical limitations or environmental preferences/legislation. For example, the farmland area for cattle-feed production in New Zealand would have to increase by more than 57% (1.3 million ha) and that in Europe by more than 39% (15 million ha), while GHG emissions and nitrogen losses would increase roughly proportionally with the increase of farmland in both regions. We propose that a more sustainable dairy future will rely on high milk demanding regions (such as China) improving their domestic milk and feed production efficiencies up to the level of leading milk producing countries. This will decrease the global dairy related GHG emissions and land use by 12% (90 Tg CO2eq reduction) and 30% (34 million ha land reduction) compared to the business as usual scenario, respectively. However, this still represents an increase in total GHG emissions of 19% whereas land use will decrease by 8% when compared with 2010 levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R F Lee
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Science, North Wyke, UK
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Stewart Ledgard
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Oene Oenema
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Mengchu Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Mathematics and Science, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Petr Havlík
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
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Qian Y, Song K, Hu T, Ying T. Environmental status of livestock and poultry sectors in China under current transformation stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:702-709. [PMID: 29223896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intensive animal husbandry had aroused great environmental concerns in many developed countries. However, some developing countries are still undergoing the environmental pollution from livestock and poultry sectors. Driven by the large demand, China has experienced a remarkable increase in dairy and meat production, especially in the transformation stage from conventional household breeding to large-scale industrial breeding. At the same time, a large amount of manure from the livestock and poultry sector is released into waterbodies and soil, causing eutrophication and soil degradation. This condition will be reinforced in the large-scale cultivation where the amount of manure exceeds the soil nutrient capacity, if not treated or utilized properly. Our research aims to analyze whether the transformation of raising scale would be beneficial to the environment as well as present the latest status of livestock and poultry sectors in China. The estimation of the pollutants generated and discharged from livestock and poultry sector in China will facilitate the legislation of manure management. This paper analyzes the pollutants generated from the manure of the five principal commercial animals in different farming practices. The results show that the fattening pigs contribute almost half of the pollutants released from manure. Moreover, the beef cattle exert the largest environmental impact for unitary production, about 2-3 times of pork and 5-20 times of chicken. The animals raised with large-scale feedlots practice generate fewer pollutants than those raised in households. The shift towards industrial production of livestock and poultry is easier to manage from the environmental perspective, but adequate large-scale cultivation is encouraged. Regulation control, manure treatment and financial subsidies for the manure treatment and utilization are recommended to achieve the ecological agriculture in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Kaihui Song
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Tao Hu
- China Program, WWF-US, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Tianyu Ying
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Yuan Z, Jiang S, Sheng H, Liu X, Hua H, Liu X, Zhang Y. Human Perturbation of the Global Phosphorus Cycle: Changes and Consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2438-2450. [PMID: 29402084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus (P) cycle is an important Earth system process. While natural P mobilization is slow, humans have been altering P cycle by intensifying P releases from lithosphere to ecosystems. Here, we examined magnitudes of which humans have altered the P cycles by integrating the estimates from recent literatures, and furthermore illustrated the consequences. Based on our synthesis, human alterations have tripled the global P mobilization in land-water continuum and increased P accumulation in soil with 6.9 ± 3.3 Tg-P yr-1. Around 30% of atmospheric P transfer is caused by human activities, which plays a significant role than previously thought. Pathways involving with human alterations include phosphate extraction, fertilizers application, wastes generation, and P losses from cropland. This study highlights the importance of sustainable P supply as a control on future food security because of regional P scarcity, food demand increase and continuously P intensive food production. Besides, accelerated P loads are responsible for enhanced eutrophication worldwide, resulting in water quality impairment and aquatic biodiversity losses. Moreover, the P enrichment can definitely stimulate the cycling of carbon and nitrogen, implying the great need for incorporating P in models predicting the response of carbon and nitrogen cycles to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Songyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Gao B, Huang Y, Huang W, Shi Y, Bai X, Cui S. Driving forces and impacts of food system nitrogen flows in China, 1990 to 2012. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:430-441. [PMID: 28810152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food nitrogen (N), which includes animal-food (AN) and plant-food N (PN), has been driven by population growth (PG), dietary changes associated with income growth (DC) and rural-urban migration (M) over the past three decades, and these changes combined with their N cost, have caused some effect on N use in China's food system. Although there is an increasing literature on food N and its environmental impacts in China, the relative magnitude of these driving forces are not well understood. Here we first quantify the differences in per capita AN and PN consumption in urban and rural areas and their impacts on N input to the food system during 1990-2012, and then quantify the relative contributions of DC, PG and M in the overall N change during this period. Our results show that a resident registered as living in city required 0.5kg more ANyr-1 and 0.5kg less PNyr-1 than one living in a rural area, in 2012. DC, PG and M accounted for 52%, 31% and 17% of the total AN increase, respectively. These three factors caused 46% of the increased N use for food production over the past two decades. Another 54% was mainly caused by the declining in N use efficiencies of the food system. Food-sourced N loss intensity in urban and rural areas were 502 and 162kgNhm-2 in 2012, a three-fold difference due to the increasing amount and a linear rural-urban flow of N input, and inadequate N recovery via solid waste and wastewater treatment in cities. Our study highlights China is facing higher risks of environmental N pollution with urbanization, because of the high demand for AN and higher food-sourced N loss intensity in urban than in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- School of Biotechnology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yalan Shi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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