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Yang S, Li K, Liu H, Lu J, Yang H, Wu D. Enhancing citric acid tolerance of Acetobacter tropicalis using chemical and physical mutagenesis and adaptive evolution to improve the quality of lemon fruit vinegar. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2581-2596. [PMID: 38551187 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The high concentration of citric acid in lemons limits the production of lemon fruit vinegar because it inhibits the metabolism of acetic acid bacteria and reduces the utilization of raw materials. This study aimed to enhance the citric acid tolerance of Acetobacter tropicalis by using complex mutagenesis and adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and improving the quality of lemon fruit vinegar. After mutagenesis and ALE, A. tropicalis JY-135 grew well under 40 g/L citric acid, and it showed high physiological activity and excellent fermentation performance under high concentrations of citric acid. The survival rate and ATP content of JY-135 were 15.27 and 9.30 times higher than that of the original strain J-2736. In the fermentation of lemon fruit vinegar, the acid production and the number of aroma-active compounds were 1.61-fold and 2.17-fold than J-2736. In addition, we found that citric acid tolerance of JY-135 is related to the respiratory electron-transport chain and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This work is of great significance for the production of high-quality lemon fruit vinegar and the enrichment of seed resources of acetic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Kang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dianhui Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Hsieh MJ, Lin JT, Chuang YC, Lin CC, Lo YS, Ho HY, Chen MK. Limocitrin increases cytotoxicity of KHYG-1 cells against K562 cells by modulating MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2939-2951. [PMID: 37584500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are gaining popularity in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a natural flavonol compound limocitrin in increasing cytotoxicity of a permanent NK leukemia cell line KHYG-1 against an aggressive leukemia cell line K562. The findings revealed that limocitrin increased the expressions of cytolytic molecules perforin, granzymes A and B, and granulysin in KHYG-1 cells by inducing phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB, leading to increased lysis of K562 cells. Mechanistically, limocitrin was found to increase the expressions of t-Bid, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP to induce K562 cell apoptosis. Moreover, limocitrin reduced the expressions of SET and Ape1 to inhibit DNA repair mechanism, leading to caspase-independent K562 cell death. At the molecular level, limocitrin was found to increase the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK to increase granzyme B expression in KHYG-1 cells. Taken together, the study indicates that limocitrin increases cytotoxicity of NK cells against a range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Al-Sagheer AA, Abdel Monem UM, Sayed-Ahmed EE, Khalil BA. Navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract as a phytogenic feed supplement: impacts on growth, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolites of heat stressed growing rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1083-1094. [PMID: 34913400 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, using agricultural wastes in animal production has gained worldwide interest. Hence, herein, an eight-week trial was performed to explore the effects of supplemental navel orange peel extract (NPE) on the growth, feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant, and hematological parameters of heat-stressed rabbits. In total, 75 weaned rabbits were randomly assigned into five groups. The first group was reared in the winter (mild weather) and fed an untreated pelleted diet (W-NPE-0; control). The other four groups were reared in the summer (hot climate) and fed the control diet fortified with 0 (S-NPE-0), 250 (S-NPE-250), 500 (S-NPE-500), or 1000 (S-NPE-1000) mg NPE/kg diet. The results indicated that thermal-stressed rabbits (S-NPE-0) had significantly lower feed intake, growth performance, hematological indices, serum lipid profile, and antioxidative status, but higher lipid peroxidation compared to the W-NPE-0 group. However, the highest final weight and feed intake were recorded in the S-NPE-1000 group compared with the S-NPE-0 group. Also, supplemental NPE in the growing rabbit diet, especially the S-NPE-1000 group, enhanced the hematological and antioxidative indicators. In conclusion, NPE supplementation in growing rabbit diets could be used to efficiently mitigate the detrimental effects of chronic temperature stress on performance, hematobiochemical features, and oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Usama M Abdel Monem
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eslam E Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bakry A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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4
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Wang F, Hu Y, Chen H, Chen L, Liu Y. Exploring the roles of microorganisms and metabolites in the 30-year aging process of the dried pericarps of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' based on high-throughput sequencing and comparative metabolomics. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113117. [PMID: 37689884 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
GuangChenpi (GCP), the dried pericarps of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi', has been consumed daily as a food and dietary supplement in China for centuries. Its health benefits are generally recognized to be dependent on storage time. However, the specific roles of microorganisms and metabolites during long-term storage are still unclear. In this study, comparative metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to investigate the effects of co-existing microorganisms on the metabolites in GCP stored from 1 to 30 years. In total, 386 metabolites were identified and characterized. Most compounds were flavonoids (37%), followed by phenolic acids (20%). Seventeen differentially upregulated metabolites were identified as potential key metabolites in GCP, and 8 of them were screened out as key active ingredients by Venn diagram comparative analyses and verified by network pharmacology and molecular docking. In addition, long-term storage could promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Regarding the GCP microbiota, Xeromyces dominated the whole 30-year aging process.Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Bacillus thuringiensis and Xeromyces bisporus, the dominant bacterial and fungal species, were strongly associated with the key active metabolites. Our results suggested that the change of active ingredients caused by the dominant microbial is one of the mechanisms affecting the GCP aging process. Our study provides novel functional insights and research perspectives on microorganism-associated metabolite changes that may improve the GCP aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Abd El Latif MA, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Daley M, Lohakare J. Effect of Dietary Orange Peel Meal and Multi-Enzymes on Productive, Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2473. [PMID: 37570281 PMCID: PMC10416891 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of various concentrations of orange (Citrus sinensis) peel meal (OPM), with or without the supplementation of multi-enzymes, on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant properties, and blood metabolic profile of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks, assigned to eight dietary treatments with 30 broilers per treatment group. Four dietary orange peel meal (OPM) concentrations were supplemented, namely, the control (without OPM), and with 80, 160, and 240 g/kg of the diet. To each of these diets was added two concentrations of multi-enzyme inclusion (0 or 0.6 g as a combination of 0.5 g of Nutrikem and 0.1 g Optiphos per kg diet) in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted until 42 days of age. Body weight gain (BWG) was influenced during the grower period (22-42 days) and the overall period (0-42 days), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved by supplementations of OPM compared with the control for 22-42 days and overall (0-42 days) periods. Moreover, BWG, FCR during the grower and overall periods, and crude fiber digestibility were improved (p < 0.01) by multi-enzyme supplementation compared to the non-supplemented groups. Broilers with diets supplemented with OPM had considerably lower abdominal fat (p < 0.01) than the control. In addition, when compared to the non-supplemented enzyme group, serum T3 and T3/T4 ratios were significantly improved in response to enzyme addition. When compared to the control group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in the OPM groups, showing the largest improvement in antioxidant response. Interaction effects were observed only for serum SOD levels. Based on our findings, it is recommended that OPM be used as a feed supplement for raising broilers, and adding 0.6 m g/kg of multi-enzymes could provide additional benefits to the performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Abd El Latif
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Milton Daley
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
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Ahmed S, Habiba MU, Hossain MD, Hoque SAM, Rahman MM. Retardation of oxidative rancidity in ghee adding orange peel powder at different storage temperature. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:243-251. [PMID: 36618040 PMCID: PMC9813280 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of Orange Peel Powder (OPP) in ghee at different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 60 °C) for divergent storage periods (0, 7, 14 and 21 days). To compare the antioxidant potentiality, synthetic antioxidant BHA (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole) is used. Twelve ghee samples were prepared where one was control, another one was BHA treated and the rest ten were admixing OPP in ghee at different ratios. After sensory evaluation three highest scored ghee samples (0.5%. 1.0% and 1.5%) were selected. Samples were analyzed for peroxide (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) value and radical scavenging activity. Though storage temperature and storage period were increased OPP treated ghee samples peroxide, TBA and FFA values were lowered significantly compared to control samples. Moreover, 1.0% and 1.5% OPP treated ghee samples such values were lowered than BHA treated ghee samples and all these are on the favor of ghee quality. OPP treated ghee samples' DPPH quench potentiality is also stronger than BHA treated ghee samples. Therefore, OPP is a great source of antioxidants and this can be used in ghee as a natural source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmed
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Umme Habiba
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Delowar Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - S. A. Masudul Hoque
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Morshedur Rahman
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
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Guclu G, Polat S, Kelebek H, Capanoglu E, Selli S. Elucidation of the impact of four different drying methods on the phenolics, volatiles, and color properties of the peels of four types of citrus fruits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6036-6046. [PMID: 35462413 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus fruit peels are considered to be process waste in the fruit juice industry but they are a valuable raw material due to their volatile and bioactive components. Drying is one of the most common methods to preserve this material. In this study, four drying processes were applied to the peels of four kinds of citrus fruits. The drying processes were convective drying (CD), microwave drying (MD), conductive hydro drying (CHD), and freeze drying (FD). The citrus fruits used were orange, bitter orange, grapefruit, and lemon. RESULTS The influence of dehydration on the aroma and phenolic composition, microstructure, and color properties were studied in detail. It was determined that drying increased the amount of both phenolics and volatiles in the dried samples. The MD and FD methods better preserved the color and phenolics of the samples, and the MD and CD processes increased the amount of aroma substances. CONCLUSION The MD method would be more suitable for drying citrus peels due to its shorter duration and its positive effects on the phenolic and aroma components. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guclu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Polat
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Gur L, Cohen Y, Frenkel O, Schweitzer R, Shlisel M, Reuveni M. Mixtures of Macro and Micronutrients Control Grape Powdery Mildew and Alter Berry Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:978. [PMID: 35406958 PMCID: PMC9002579 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by the fungus Erysiphe necator is a major grape disease worldwide. It attacks foliage and berries and reduces yield and wine quality. Fungicides are mainly used for combating the disease. Fungicide resistance and the global requisite to reduce pesticide deployment encourage the use of environment-friendly alternatives for disease management. Our field experiments showed that the foliar application of the potassium phosphate fertilizer Top-KP+ (1-50-33 NPK) reduced disease incidence on leaves and clusters by 15-65% and severity by 75-90%, compared to untreated vines. Top-KP+ mixed with Nanovatz (containing the micronutrients boron (B) and zinc (Zn)) or with TruPhos Platinum (a mixture containing N, P2O5, K2O, Zn, B, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, and CO) further reduced disease incidence by 30-90% and disease severity by 85-95%. These fertilizers were as effective as the fungicide tebuconazole. Tank mixtures of fertilizers and tebuconazole further enhanced control efficacy in the vineyards. The modes of action of fertilizers in disease control were elucidated via tests with grape seedlings, microscopy, and berry metabolomics. Fertilizers applied preventively to the foliage of grape seedlings inhibited powdery mildew development. Application onto existing mildew colonies plasmolyzed mycelia and conidia and arrested the development of the disease. Berries treated with fertilizers or with a fungicide showed a significant increase in anti-fungal and antioxidant metabolites. Twenty-two metabolites, including non-protein amino acids and carbohydrates, known for their anti-fungal and bioactive effects, were significantly upregulated in grapes treated with fertilizers as compared to grapes treated with a fungicide, suggesting possible indirect activity against the pathogen. Esters and organic acids that contribute to wine quality were also upregulated. We conclude that integrating macro and micronutrients in spray programs in commercial vineyards shall control powdery mildew, reduce fungicide deployment, delay the buildup of fungicide resistance, and may improve wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Gur
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (L.G.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290000, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Yigal Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290000, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Ron Schweitzer
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel; (R.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Meir Shlisel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel; (R.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (L.G.); (M.R.)
- STK Bio-Ag Technologies Ltd., Petach Tikva 4951447, Israel
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Hussien Abou Baker D, Ahmed Ibrahim E, Abd El-Rhaman Salama Z. Citrus Peels as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Industrial and Therapeutic Applications. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS - CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS, DIVERSITY, NON-CONVENTIONAL INDUSTRIAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture wastes are considered a good starting point to discover for new drugs all over the world. In this context, Agriculture wastes contain millions of compounds to be screened to find bioactive compounds responsible for the activity to be used in drugs. Citrus agriculture is one of the most important commercial and industrial agricultural activities in the world. The peel waste of Citrus species is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as essential oils, flavones, polyphenols, and pigment. Citrus peel has been widely used in the medicine industry. The waste peel of citrus consider a rich source of pharmacologically active metabolites with antioxidant activities.
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Abdelghffar EA, El-Nashar HAS, Al-Mohammadi AGA, Eldahshan OA. Orange fruit ( Citrus sinensis) peel extract attenuates chemotherapy-induced toxicity in male rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:9443-9455. [PMID: 34606555 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of several types of cancers and autoimmune disorders. Unfortunately, it causes severe side effects on many organs due to its oxidative stress effect. Objective: The present study aims to tentatively identify the phytochemical constituents of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel extract (OFPE) and elucidate the chemopreventive effects of OFPE on CYP drug induced organ toxicity. Methods: The high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS) technique was used to identify the compounds. Thirty-five male rats were divided into five groups (GP; n = 7): GP1: normal control, GP2: OFPE 0.5 only, GP3: CYP-only, GP4: OFPE 0.25 + CYP, and GP5: OFPE 0.5 + CYP. Results: Twenty-nine compounds of polyphenolic nature, mainly flavonoids, anthocyanidins, phenolic acids and limonoids were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Among these compounds, naringin, hesperidin, diosmin, rutin, neohesperidin and limonin were the predominant compounds in the examined extract. Serum cellular markers were found to be decreased significantly upon treatment with OFPE (especially high dose). Also, a significant prophylactic effect against liver, kidney, and heart injuries induced by CYP via decreasing inflammation (serum TNF-α, IL-1β & IL-6) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was also revealed. Also, an increase in antioxidant levels (serum TAO, and cellular GSH & CAT in tissue homogenates) confirmed the protective efficacy of OFPE against CYP toxicity. Conclusions: The present study reveals some chemopreventive properties and beneficial effects of OFPE on CYP-induced organ toxicity via its antioxidant status and immunoregulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abdelghffar
- Department of Biology, Collage of Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | | | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Rachtanapun P, Klunklin W, Jantrawut P, Jantanasakulwong K, Phimolsiripol Y, Seesuriyachan P, Leksawasdi N, Chaiyaso T, Ruksiriwanich W, Phongthai S, Sommano SR, Punyodom W, Reungsang A, Ngo TMP. Characterization of Chitosan Film Incorporated with Curcumin Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060963. [PMID: 33801132 PMCID: PMC8004135 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a phenolic compound derived from turmeric roots (Curcuma longa L.). This research studied the effects of curcumin extract on the properties of chitosan films. The film characteristics measured included mechanical properties, visual aspects, color parameters, light transmission, moisture content, water solubility, water vapor permeability, infrared spectroscopy, and antioxidant activity. The results suggest that adding curcumin to chitosan-based films increases yellowness and light barriers. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed interactions between the phenolic compounds of the extract and the chitosan, which may have improved the mechanical properties and reduced the moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability of the films. The antioxidant activity of the films increased with increasing concentrations of the curcumin extract. This study shows the potential benefits of incorporating curcumin extract into chitosan films used as active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchai Rachtanapun
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.R.S.); (W.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Warinporn Klunklin
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.R.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.R.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Phisit Seesuriyachan
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.R.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suphat Phongthai
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.K.); (K.J.); (Y.P.); (P.S.); (N.L.); (T.C.); (S.P.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.R.)
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.R.S.); (W.P.)
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.R.S.); (W.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Thi Minh Phuong Ngo
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environment, The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
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Wang Y, Liu XJ, Chen JB, Cao JP, Li X, Sun CD. Citrus flavonoids and their antioxidant evaluation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3833-3854. [PMID: 33435726 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and are an important source of daily intake of antioxidant supplements. Many studies have shown that citrus flavonoids promote health through antioxidation. In this review, the biosynthesis, composition and distribution of citrus flavonoids were concluded. The detection methods of antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids were divided into four categories: chemical, cellular, animal and clinical antioxidant capacity evaluation systems. The modeling methods, applicable scenarios, and their relative merits were compared based on these four systems. The antioxidant functions of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems were also discussed, especially the regulation of the Nrf2-antioxidases pathway. Some shortcomings in the current research were pointed out, and some suggestions for progress were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Vlaicu PA, Untea AE, Panaite TD, Turcu RP. Effect of dietary orange and grapefruit peel on growth performance, health status, meat quality and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1845576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Biologie si Nutritie Animala, Department, Chemistry and Animal Nutrition Physiology, Balotesti, Romania
| | | | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Biologie si Nutritie Animala, Department, Chemistry and Animal Nutrition Physiology, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Raluca Paula Turcu
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Biologie si Nutritie Animala, Department, Chemistry and Animal Nutrition Physiology, Balotesti, Romania
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14
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Mota IF, Pinto PR, Loureiro JM, Rodrigues AE. Purification of syringaldehyde and vanillin from an oxidized industrial kraft liquor by chromatographic processes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Mahato N, Sinha M, Sharma K, Koteswararao R, Cho MH. Modern Extraction and Purification Techniques for Obtaining High Purity Food-Grade Bioactive Compounds and Value-Added Co-Products from Citrus Wastes. Foods 2019; 8:E523. [PMID: 31652773 PMCID: PMC6915388 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus contains a range of highly beneficial bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins that show antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and help in building the body's immune system. On consumption or processing, approximately 50% of the fruit remains as inedible waste, which includes peels, seeds, pulp, and segment residues. This waste still consists of substantial quantities of bioactive compounds that cause environmental pollution and are harmful to the ecosystem because of their high biological oxygen demand. In recent years, citrus cultivation and the production of processed foods have become a major agricultural industry. In addition to being a substantial source of economy, it is an ideal and sustainable and renewable resource for obtaining bioactive compounds and co-products for food and pharmaceutical industries. In the present article, the various methods of extraction, conventional and modern, as well as separation and isolation of individual bioactive compounds from the extraction mixture and their determination have been reviewed. This article presents both aspects of extraction methods, i.e., on a small laboratory scale and on an industrial mass scale. These methods and techniques have been extensively and critically reviewed with anticipated future perspectives towards the maximum utilization of the citrus waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Mahato
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Mukty Sinha
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India.
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
| | - Rakoti Koteswararao
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India.
| | - Moo Hwan Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Ciriminna R, Fidalgo A, Delisi R, Tamburino A, Carnaroglio D, Cravotto G, Ilharco LM, Pagliaro M. Controlling the Degree of Esterification of Citrus Pectin for Demanding Applications by Selection of the Source. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7991-7995. [PMID: 30023570 PMCID: PMC6044687 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Analyzed by a quantitative method based on diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, pectins extracted from different regions (outer skin, peel, and waste) of citrus fruits (red orange, lemon, and grapefruit) via microwave-assisted hydrodiffusion show significant variations. All polymers obtained are low-methoxyl pectins, with high contents in galacturonic acid regions. The degree of esterification (DE) of pectin extracted from different regions increases in the order waste < peel < outer skin for red orange, inverting for lemon. Thus, the pectins with the lowest DE are those extracted from red orange waste and lemon outer skin (∼25%). These findings open the route to nutraceutical- and pharmaceutical-grade pectins from citrus, in which the source fruit and its regions may be chosen, according to the desired DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alexandra Fidalgo
- Centro
de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Delisi
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Tamburino
- Dipartimento
Agricoltura, Legambiente Sicilia, via Tripoli 3, 90138 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diego Carnaroglio
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and Centre for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces, Università
degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Milestone, via Fabenefratelli, 1-5, 24010 Sorisole, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and Centre for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces, Università
degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura M. Ilharco
- Centro
de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- E-mail: (L.M.I.)
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- E-mail: (M.P.)
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17
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Sun X, Baldwin EA, Plotto A, Manthey JA, Duan Y, Bai J. Effects of thermal processing and pulp filtration on physical, chemical and sensory properties of winter melon juice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:543-550. [PMID: 27099203 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Winter melon (Benincasa hispida) is a widely consumed crop in Asia, and believed to impart special benefits to human health. The nutritional composition and sensory properties of four juice types, resulting from a combination of pulp levels (low/high pulp, LP/HP) and thermal processing (with/without boiling, B/NB), LPNB, HPNB, LPB and HPB, were compared. RESULTS The juices had low sugars (< 20 g kg-1 ) and low titratable acidity (about 2 g kg-1 ). The insoluble solids, glucose, fructose and citric acid content in LP juice were significantly lower than in HP juice. The phenolic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were detected at 10-45 mg L-1 levels, and the antioxidant activity ranged from 36 to 49 mg gallic acid L-1 . C6 and C9 aldehydes were mainly found in HP juice, and boiling induced the accumulation of sulfur compounds and C5 aldehydes. The LPNB juice showed the highest acceptability in the sensory panel. The frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) reconstituted with LPNB was preferable to regular FCOJ for 31% of panelists and not different for 20% of panelists. CONCLUSION The low sugar/low acid LPNB juice with 'fresh' flavor could be developed to replace water for reconstituting FCOJ with enhanced nutritional value. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Sun
- USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Baldwin
- USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - John A Manthey
- USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Yongping Duan
- USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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18
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Alzawqari MH, Al-Baddany AA, Al-Baadani HH, Alhidary IA, Khan RU, Aqil GM, Abdurab A. Effect of feeding dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves on growth performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler during the finisher phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17077-82. [PMID: 27209636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding dried sweet orange peel (SOP) and lemon grass leaves (LGL) as feed additives on broiler growth performance, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status. A total of 192-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chickens were distributed randomly into 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per each treatment. The dietary treatments included a control diet without any feed additive (T1), a diet containing 0.8 % SOP (T2), a diet containing 0.8 % LGL (T3), and a diet containing combination of 0.4 % SOP + 0.4 % LGL (T4) was fed during the growth period from 22 to 42 days. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass traits, serum components, and antioxidant status were measured. At the end of the experimental period, the results indicated that supplementation of SOP and LGL alone or in combination did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect BWG, FI, FCR, and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Serum total protein was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in T3 and T4 compared to the other treatments. Also, serum globulin increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated groups. Serum glucose, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and very low density lipoprotein decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups, while cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein decreased in T2 compared to the other groups. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher total antioxidant status was observed in T2 compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that SOP, LGL, and their combination may positively modify some serum components and the antioxidant status without any beneficial effect on growth performance and carcass traits in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Alzawqari
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
| | - A A Al-Baddany
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
| | - H H Al-Baadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - I A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - G M Aqil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
| | - A Abdurab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
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19
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. Molecules 2016; 21:247. [PMID: 26907240 PMCID: PMC6273684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently the search for new drugs from natural resources is of growing interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Natural products have been the source of new drugs since ancient times. Plants are a good source of secondary metabolites which have been found to have beneficial properties. The present study is a review of the chemistry and pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. This review reveals the therapeutic potential of C. sinensis as a source of natural compounds with important activities that are beneficial for human health that could be used to develop new drugs.
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20
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ÇİFTÇİ M, ŞİMŞEK ÜG, DALKILIÇ B, AZMAN MA, YILMAZ Ö, İFLAZOĞLU MUTLU S, ÖZÇELIK M, BAYKALIR Y, TONBAK F, BAHŞİ M. Effect of dietary orange peel extract on physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of Japanese quail reared under low ambient temperature. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1504-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Lu FC, Lee CY, Wang CL. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on yam (Dioscorea spp.) tuber weights and secondary metabolite content. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1266. [PMID: 26421239 PMCID: PMC4586806 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely distributed in nature. They live in the roots of higher plants, in a symbiotic relationship. In this study, five commercial species of yams (Dioscorea spp.) were inoculated with six species of AMF, Glomus clarum, G. etunicatum, G. fasciculatum, Gigaspora sp., G. mosseae, and Acaulospora sp., in field cultivation conditions to investigate the influence of AMF inoculation on tuber weights and secondary metabolite content in yam tubers. The results showed that mycorrhizae formation rates ranged from 63.33% to 90%. G. etunicatum inoculation treatment increased the tube weights of the five species of yam tubers by 39%, 35%, 20%, 56%, and 40% for Tainung 1, Tainung 2, Ercih, Zihyuxieshu, and Tainung 5, respectively. The content of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin, was significantly increased by the AMF treatment in tuber flesh and peel of all the tested yam species. Specifically, the maximums exchange of secondary metabolite contents increased to 40%, 42%, and 106% for polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin, respectively, in the tuber fresh. This study revealed that different species of yam had varying degrees of affinity with various AMF species; selecting effective AMF species is necessary to facilitate yam growth and improve the quality and quantity of yam tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fun-Chi Lu
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Lee
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Li Wang
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan
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22
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Asha A, Manjunatha M, Rekha RM, Surendranath B, Heartwin P, Rao J, Magdaline E, Sinha C. Antioxidant activities of orange peel extract in ghee (butter oil) stored at different storage temperatures. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:8220-7. [PMID: 26604397 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activities of butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) and orange peel powder extract in ghee stored at different storage temperatures (T1:6 ± 2 °C; T2: 32 ± 2 °C; T3:60 ± 2 °C) were evaluated during storage period of 21 days. Peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and free fatty acids (FFA) of ghee samples were analyzed during the study. PV, TBA and FFA of ghee samples increased significantly while radical scavenging activity (RSA) of ghee samples decreased significantly at accelerated temperature (T3) as compared to the temperatures at T1 and T2. Effect of storage temperature on development of peroxides and TBA of ghee samples was significantly higher than the effect of treatment and storage period while treatment had more significant effect on the change in FFA and RSA as compared to storage temperature and storage period. Ghee incorporated with orange peel extract (OPE) showed stronger activity in quenching DPPH radicals and least development of PV, TBA and FFA than ghee incorporated with BHA and control. The study revealed that orange peel could be a good natural source of antioxidants which can be used in fat rich food products like ghee to retard oxidative deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - M Manjunatha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - R M Rekha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - B Surendranath
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - P Heartwin
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - J Rao
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - E Magdaline
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
| | - Chitranayak Sinha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 560030 India
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23
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Pourhossein Z, Qotbi AAA, Seidavi A, Laudadio V, Centoducati G, Tufarelli V. Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:105-10. [PMID: 24990585 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract (SOPE) on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-day broilers (Ross-308) were randomly allocated to treatments varying in supplemental SOPE added in the drinking water. The experimental groups consisted of three treatments fed for 42 days as follows: a control treatment without feed extract, a treatment containing 1000 ppm of SOPE and a treatment containing 1250 ppm of SOPE. All treatments were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza (AI), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines. Antibody titer response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was higher in the group fed 1250 ppm of SOPE (P < 0.05) as well as for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Similarly, antibody titer responses to all vaccines were constantly elevated (P < 0.05) by SOPE enrichment in a dose-dependent manner. Relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius were unaffected by treatments. Dietary SOPE supplementation may improve the immune response and diseases resistance, indicating that it can constitute a useful additive in broiler feeding. Thus, supplying SOPE in rations may help to improve relative immune response in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Pourhossein
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Galván D’Alessandro L, Vauchel P, Przybylski R, Chataigné G, Nikov I, Dimitrov K. Integrated process extraction–adsorption for selective recovery of antioxidant phenolics from Aronia melanocarpa berries. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Impact of structural and textural membrane properties on lemon juice clarification. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Oil palm phenolics attenuate changes caused by an atherogenic diet in mice. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:443-56. [PMID: 22527284 PMCID: PMC3573186 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Water-soluble phenolics from the oil palm possess significant biological properties. Purpose In this study, we aimed to discover the role of oil palm phenolics (OPP) in influencing the gene expression changes caused by an atherogenic diet in mice. Methods We fed mice with either a low-fat normal diet (14.6 % kcal/kcal fat) with distilled water, or a high-fat atherogenic diet (40.5 % kcal/kcal fat) containing cholesterol. The latter group was given either distilled water or OPP. We harvested major organs such as livers, spleens and hearts for microarray gene expression profiling analysis. We determined how OPP changed the gene expression profiles caused by the atherogenic diet. In addition to gene expression studies, we carried out physiological observations, blood hematology as well as clinical biochemistry, cytokine profiling and antioxidant assays on their blood sera. Results Using Illumina microarrays, we found that the atherogenic diet caused oxidative stress, inflammation and increased turnover of metabolites and cells in the liver, spleen and heart. In contrast, OPP showed signs of attenuating these effects. The extract increased unfolded protein response in the liver, attenuated antigen presentation and processing in the spleen and up-regulated antioxidant genes in the heart. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction validated the microarray gene expression fold changes observed. Serum cytokine profiling showed that OPP attenuated inflammation by modulating the Th1/Th2 axis toward the latter. OPP also increased serum antioxidant activity to normal levels. Conclusion This study suggests that OPP may possibly attenuate atherosclerosis and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0346-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Karaman S, Ozturk I, Yalcin H, Kayacier A, Sagdic O. Comparison of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and artificial neural networks for estimation of oxidation parameters of sunflower oil added with some natural byproduct extracts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:49-58. [PMID: 21769881 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple pomace, orange peel and potato peel, which have important antioxidative compounds in their structures, are byproducts obtained from fruit or vegetable processing. Use of vegetable extracts is popular and a common technique in the preservation of vegetable oils. Utilization of apple pomace, orange peel and potato peel extracts as natural antioxidant agents in refined sunflower oil during storage in order to reduce or retard oxidation was investigated. All byproduct extracts were added at 3000 ppm to sunflower oil and different nonlinear models were constructed for the estimation of oxidation parameters. RESULTS Peroxide values of sunflower oil samples containing different natural extracts were found to be lower compared to control sample. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for the construction of models that could predict the oxidation parameters and were compared to multiple linear regression (MLR) for the determination of the best model with high accuracy. It was shown that the ANFIS model with high coefficient of determination (R(2) = 0.999) performed better compared to ANN (R(2) = 0.899) and MLR (R(2) = 0.636) for the prediction of oxidation parameters CONCLUSION Incorporation of different natural byproduct extracts into sunflower oil provided an important retardation in oxidation during storage. Effective predictive models were constructed for the estimation of oxidation parameters using ANFIS and ANN modeling techniques. These models can be used to predict oxidative parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Karaman
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
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Uckoo RM, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Chromatographic Techniques for the Separation of Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1093.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram M. Uckoo
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 1500 Research Parkway Ste A120, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - G. K. Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 1500 Research Parkway Ste A120, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Bhimanagouda S. Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 1500 Research Parkway Ste A120, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
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Soto ML, Moure A, Domínguez H, Parajó JC. Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds by adsorption: A review. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hassan FA, Ismail A, Hamid AA, Azlan A, Al-sheraji SH. Characterisation of fibre-rich powder and antioxidant capacity of Mangifera pajang K. fruit peels. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SMARSH DN, LIBURT N, STRELTSOVA J, McKEEVER K, WILLIAMS CA. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in intensely exercising horses administered nutraceutical extracts. Equine Vet J 2010:317-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amarowicz R, Carle R, Dongowski G, Durazzo A, Galensa R, Kammerer D, Maiani G, Piskula MK. Influence of postharvest processing and storage on the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in foods. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S151-83. [PMID: 19065581 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The review is based on the evaluation of electronically collated data published between 2002 to June 2006. It is based on 325 references dealing with the following subclasses of phenolic compounds: hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, chalcones, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, monomeric flavanols and anthocyanins. Only publications dealing directly with the effects of storage and postharvest processing on the phenolic acid and flavonoid contents of foods were considered. The expectation that the structural diversity even within each subgroup, and the number of different procedures and of different parameters would make finding homogenous tendencies unlikely, has, in most instances, been confirmed. By adding a database Excel table combined with a focused and unified evaluation, specific additional information was rendered accessible and concise. It holds true for most of the subclasses in question that the effect of storage and food processing on the polyphenol content is negligible in comparison to the differences between different varieties of plants. Variety dependence must always be considered, for all classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, Olsztyn, Poland
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Corradini C, Borromei C, Cavazza A, Merusi C, De Rossi A, Nicoletti I. Determination of Flavanones in Citrus Byproducts and Nutraceutical Products by a Validated RP-HPLC Method. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902901374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Corradini
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Borromei
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Cavazza
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Merusi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
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Lin LZ, Harnly JM, Pastor-Corrales MS, Luthria DL. The polyphenolic profiles of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Food Chem 2008; 107:399-410. [PMID: 25544796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the phenolic profiles obtained by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS), 24 common bean samples, representing 17 varieties and 7 generic off-the-shelf items, belonging to ten US commercial market classes can be organized into six different groups. All of them contained the same hydroxycinnaminic acids, but the flavonoid components showed distinct differences. Black beans contained primarily the 3-O-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin, while pinto beans contained kaempferol and its 3-O-glycosides. Light red kidney bean contained traces of quercetin 3-O-glucoside and its malonates, but pink and dark red kidney beans contained the diglycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. Small red beans contained kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, while no flavonoids were detected in alubia, cranberry, great northern, and navy beans. This is the first report of the tentative identification of quercetin 3-O-pentosylhexoside and flavonoid glucoside malonates, and the first detailed detection of hydroxycinnamates, in common beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food Composition and Method Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 103000 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-3000, USA
| | - James M Harnly
- Food Composition and Method Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 103000 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-3000, USA
| | - Marcial S Pastor-Corrales
- Vegetable Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 103000 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-3000, USA
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Food Composition and Method Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 103000 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-3000, USA
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Mertens-Talcott SU, De Castro WV, Manthey JA, Derendorf H, Butterweck V. Polymethoxylated flavones and other phenolic derivates from citrus in their inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of talinolol in Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:2563-8. [PMID: 17348674 DOI: 10.1021/jf063138v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies investigating drug interactions with citrus compounds focus on the major grapefruit furanocoumarins bergamottin, dihydroxybergamottin, and the flavonoid naringenin. This study evaluated the influence of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), tangeretin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3,4'-heptamethoxyflavone, and sinensetin, as well as other minor occurring citrus phenols, hesperetin, limettin, 7-OH-coumarin, 7-geranyloxycoumarin, and eriodictyol, on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of the beta-blocker talinolol using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model and was used to determine the structure-function aspects of the interaction. The transport of talinolol across Caco-2 cells monolayers was determined in the absence and presence of distinct concentrations of the calcium-channel blocker verapamil (a known inhibitor of P-glycoprotein) and citrus compounds. A sigmoid dose-response model was used to fit the data and to estimate the IC50 values of the potential inhibitors. Results from this study show that PMFs significantly decreased talinolol transport from the basolateral to apical side, where tangeretin had the lowest IC50 of 3.2 micromol/L, followed by nobiletin, heptamethoxyflavone, and sinensetin with IC50 values of 3.5, 3.8, and 3.9 micromol/L, respectively. However, the efficacy of the compounds did not appear to be dependent on the number of methoxy groups. Other citrus compounds did not have any significant effect on the transport of talinolol. This study suggests that PMFs have a high potential in the interaction with P-gp-mediated talinolol transport in Caco-2 cells. Based on their relatively low concentrations (< or =3 microg/mL) in citrus, the clinical relevance of these interactions needs to be further elucidated in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100494, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Lin LZ, Harnly JM. A screening method for the identification of glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolic compounds using a standard analytical approach for all plant materials. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:1084-96. [PMID: 17256956 PMCID: PMC3762687 DOI: 10.1021/jf062431s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A screening method was developed for the systematic identification of glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in plant food materials based on an initial, standard analytical method. This approach applies the same analytical scheme (aqueous methanol extraction, reverse phase liquid chromatographic separation, and diode array and mass spectrometric detection) to every sample and standard. This standard approach allows the cross-comparison of compounds in samples, standards, and plant materials previously identified in the published literature. Thus, every analysis contributes to a growing library of data for retention times and UV/vis and mass spectra. Without authentic standards, this method provides provisional identification of the phenolic compounds: identification of flavonoid backbones, phenolic acids, saccharides, and acyls but not the positions of the linkages between these subclasses. With standards, this method provides positive identification of the full compound: identification of subclasses and linkages. The utility of the screening method is demonstrated in this study by the identification of 78 phenolic compounds in cranberry, elder flower, Fuji apple peel, navel orange peel, and soybean seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Room 202B, Building 161, BARC-E,103000 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-3000
| | - James M. Harnly
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Room 202B, Building 161, BARC-E,103000 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-3000
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Xu G, Ye X, Chen J, Liu D. Effect of heat treatment on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:330-5. [PMID: 17227062 DOI: 10.1021/jf062517l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the effects of heat treatment on huyou (Citrus paradisi Changshanhuyou) peel in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a photodiode array (PDA) detector was used in this study for the analysis of phenolic acids (divided into four fractions: free, ester, glycoside, and ester-bound) and flavanone glycosides (FGs) in huyou peel (HP) before and after heat treatment. The results showed that after heat treatment, the free fraction of phenolic acids increased, whereas ester, glycoside, and ester-bound fractions decreased and the content of total FGs declined (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of HP increased (P < 0.05), which was evaluated by total phenolics contents (TPC) assay, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS*+) method, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The correlation coefficients among TPC, ABTS, FRAP assay, and total cinnamics and benzoics (TCB) in the free fraction were significantly high (P < 0.05), which meant that the increase of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of HP extract was due at least in part to the increase of TCB in free fraction. In addition, FGs may be destroyed when heated at higher temperature for a long time (for example, 120 degrees C for 90 min or 150 degrees C for 30 min). Therefore, it is suggested that a proper and reasonable heat treatment could be used to enhance the antioxidant capacity of citrus peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Mahattanatawee K, Manthey JA, Luzio G, Talcott ST, Goodner K, Baldwin EA. Total antioxidant activity and fiber content of select Florida-grown tropical fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7355-63. [PMID: 16968105 DOI: 10.1021/jf060566s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen tropical fruits from south Florida (red guava, white guava, carambola, red pitaya (red dragon), white pitaya (white dragon), mamey sapote, sapodilla, lychee, longan, green mango, ripe mango, green papaya, and ripe papaya) were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total soluble phenolics (TSP), total ascorbic acid (TAA), total dietary fiber (TDF), and pectin. ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, radical scavenging activity) assays were used to determine antioxidant activity. The TSP, ORAC, and DPPH ranged from 205.4 to 2316.7 g gallic acid equiv/g puree, <0.1 to 16.7 micromol Trolox equiv/g puree, and 2.1 to 620.2 microg gallic acid equiv/g puree, respectively. The TAA, TDF, and pectin ranged from 7.5 to 188.8 mg/100 g, 0.9 to 7.2 g/100 g, and 0.20 to 1.04 g/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activities, TSP, TAA, TDF, and pectin were influenced by cultivar (papaya, guava, and dragon fruit) and ripening stage (papaya and/or mango). Antioxidant activity showed high correlations with levels of TSP compounds (r = 0.96) but low correlations with levels of ascorbic acid (r = 0.35 and 0.23 for ORAC and DPPH data, respectively). The antioxidant activities evaluated by both ORAC and DPPH showed similar trends where red guava and carambola exhibited the highest and sapodilla and green papaya exhibited the lowest levels. Guava and mamey sapote exhibited the highest TDF and pectin levels. Many of the tropical fruits were shown to contain an abundance of hydrolyzable tannins, ellagic acid conjugates, and flavone glycosides. Preliminary descriptions are given of the phenols in red/white pitaya (dragonfruit), lychee, and mamey sapote, these fruit being thus far uncharacterized in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Mahattanatawee
- Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory, South Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 Avenue S, Northwest, Winter Haven, Florida 33881, USA
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Mandalari G, Bennett RN, Bisignano G, Saija A, Dugo G, Lo Curto RB, Faulds CB, Waldron KW. Characterization of flavonoids and pectins from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a major byproduct of essential oil extraction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:197-203. [PMID: 16390199 DOI: 10.1021/jf051847n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bergamot peel is an underutilized byproduct of the essential oil and juice-processing industry. As with other Citrus peels, it still contains exploitable components, such as pectins and flavonoids. Commercial glycoside hydrolases, specifically a combination of pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, solubilized a high percentage of the material (81.94%). The flavonoid profile of the peel consisted of characteristic Citrus species flavanone rutinosides and neohesperosides derived from naringenin, eriodictyol, and hesperetin. In addition, a number of minor flavanone and flavone glycosides, not found in orange and lemon peels, were identified. The majority of flavonoids were extracted in the two 70% v/v EtOH extractions. Processing this material clearly has economic potential leading to low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Messina, Vill. SS. Annunziata 98168 Messina, Italy
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