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Görlitz M, Justen L, Rochette PJ, Buonanno M, Welch D, Kleiman NJ, Eadie E, Kaidzu S, Bradshaw WJ, Javorsky E, Cridland N, Galor A, Guttmann M, Meinke MC, Schleusener J, Jensen P, Söderberg P, Yamano N, Nishigori C, O'Mahoney P, Manstein D, Croft R, Cole C, de Gruijl FR, Forbes PD, Trokel S, Marshall J, Brenner DJ, Sliney D, Esvelt K. Assessing the safety of new germicidal far-UVC technologies. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:501-520. [PMID: 37929787 DOI: 10.1111/php.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the crucial importance of enhanced indoor air quality control measures to mitigate the spread of respiratory pathogens. Far-UVC is a type of germicidal ultraviolet technology, with wavelengths between 200 and 235 nm, that has emerged as a highly promising approach for indoor air disinfection. Due to its enhanced safety compared to conventional 254 nm upper-room germicidal systems, far-UVC allows for whole-room direct exposure of occupied spaces, potentially offering greater efficacy, since the total room air is constantly treated. While current evidence supports using far-UVC systems within existing guidelines, understanding the upper safety limit is critical to maximizing its effectiveness, particularly for the acute phase of a pandemic or epidemic when greater protection may be needed. This review article summarizes the substantial present knowledge on far-UVC safety regarding skin and eye exposure and highlights research priorities to discern the maximum exposure levels that avoid adverse effects. We advocate for comprehensive safety studies that explore potential mechanisms of harm, generate action spectra for crucial biological effects and conduct high-dose, long-term exposure trials. Such rigorous scientific investigation will be key to determining safe and effective levels for far-UVC deployment in indoor environments, contributing significantly to future pandemic preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Görlitz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- SecureBio, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lennart Justen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- SecureBio, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuela Buonanno
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - David Welch
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Norman J Kleiman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ewan Eadie
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - William J Bradshaw
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- SecureBio, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emilia Javorsky
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Future of Life Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nigel Cridland
- Radiation, Chemicals and Environment Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Didcot, UK
| | - Anat Galor
- Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Jensen
- Final Approach Inc., Port Orange, Florida, USA
| | - Per Söderberg
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nozomi Yamano
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Hyogo Blood Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Paul O'Mahoney
- Optical Radiation Effects, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, UK
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodney Croft
- International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Chair, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Curtis Cole
- Sun & Skin Consulting LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank R de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen Trokel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - John Marshall
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - David Sliney
- IES Photobiology Committee, Chair, Fallston, Maryland, USA
- Consulting Medical Physicist, Fallston, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Esvelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- SecureBio, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Ramos LD, Gomes TMV, Quintiliano SAP, Premi S, Stevani CV, Bechara EJH. Biological Schiff bases may generate reactive triplet carbonyls and singlet oxygen: A model study. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:97-104. [PMID: 36049617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz D Ramos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário Anhanguera - UniA, Brazil
| | - Thiago M V Gomes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir A P Quintiliano
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sanjay Premi
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLDS, Neves MRDC, Leandro GDS, Garcia CCM, Menck CFM. Transcription blockage by DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair-related neurological dysfunctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Walmsley SJ, Guo J, Murugan P, Weight CJ, Wang J, Villalta PW, Turesky RJ. Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Adducts Using Data-Independent wSIM/MS 2 Acquisition and wSIM-City. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6491-6500. [PMID: 33844920 PMCID: PMC8675643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel software has been created to comprehensively characterize covalent modifications of DNA through mass spectral analysis of enzymatically hydrolyzed DNA using the neutral loss of 2'-deoxyribose, a nearly universal MS2 fragmentation process of protonated 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. These covalent modifications termed DNA adducts form through xenobiotic exposures or by reaction with endogenous electrophiles and can induce mutations during cell division and initiate carcinogenesis. DNA adducts are typically present at trace levels in the human genome, requiring a very sensitive and comprehensive data acquisition and analysis method. Our software, wSIM-City, was created to process mass spectral data acquired by a wide selected ion monitoring (wSIM) with gas-phase fractionation and coupled to wide MS2 fragmentation. This untargeted approach can detect DNA adducts at trace levels as low as 1.5 adducts per 109 nucleotides. This level of sensitivity is sufficient for comprehensive analysis and characterization of DNA modifications in human specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Walmsley
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
- Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christopher J Weight
- Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44125, Ohio, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland 44106, Ohio, United States
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
- Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
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Sanchez AB, Garcia CCM, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MHG. Detection of DNA Adduct Formation in Rat Lungs by a Micro-HPLC/MS/MS Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2279:225-239. [PMID: 33683698 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1278-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are abundantly present in tobacco smoke and in urban air pollution and are endogenously generated as products of the lipid peroxidation process. These molecules can react with DNA bases forming mutagenic exocyclic adducts, which have been used as biomarkers of aldehyde exposure and as potential tools for the study of inflammation, metal storage diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) provides a highly precise, specific and ultrasensitive method for the detection of exocyclic DNA adducts. Here we present and describe a validated micro-HPLC-Electro Spray Ionization (ESI)-MS/MS method for the quantification of 1,N2-propanodGuo, an adduct produced following the reaction between 2'-deoxyguanosine and acetaldehyde or crotonaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica B Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila C M Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Alamil H, Galanti L, Heutte N, Van Der Schueren M, Dagher Z, Lechevrel M. Genotoxicity of aldehyde mixtures: profile of exocyclic DNA-adducts as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:57-64. [PMID: 32442718 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic compounds present in humans, originating from endogenous processes or pollutant exposures, pose a risk to health though their reaction with nucleophilic sites in protein and DNA. Among this chemical class, aldehydes are mainly present in indoor air and they can also be produced by endogenous lipid peroxidation arising from oxidative stress. Known to be very reactive, aldehydes have the ability to form exocyclic adducts to DNA that, for the most if not repaired correctly, are mutagenic and by consequence potential agents involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of this work was to establish profiles of exocyclic DNA adducts induced by aldehyde mixtures, which could ultimately be considered as a genotoxic marker of endogenous and environmental aldehyde exposure. Adducts were quantified by an accurate, sensitive and validated ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization analytical method coupled to mass spectrometry in the tandem mode (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We simultaneously measured nine exocyclic DNA adducts generated during the exposure in vitro of calf thymus DNA to different concentrations of each aldehyde along, as well as, to an equimolar mixture of these aldehydes. This approach has enabled us to establish dose-response relationships that allowed displaying the specific reactivity of aldehydes towards corresponding adducts formation. Profiles of these adducts determined in DNA of current smokers and non-smokers blood samples supported these findings. These first results are encouraging to explore genotoxicity induced by aldehyde mixtures and can furthermore be used as future reference for adductomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Alamil
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France; CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France; L2GE, Microbiology-Tox/Ecotox Team, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA3832, Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France
| | | | - Zeina Dagher
- L2GE, Microbiology-Tox/Ecotox Team, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France; CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France.
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Gonçalves LCP, Massari J, Licciardi S, Prado FM, Linares E, Klassen A, Tavares MFM, Augusto O, Di Mascio P, Bechara EJH. Singlet oxygen generation by the reaction of acrolein with peroxynitrite via a 2-hydroxyvinyl radical intermediate. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:83-90. [PMID: 32145303 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (2-propenal) is an environmental pollutant, food contaminant, and endogenous toxic by-product formed in the thermal decomposition and peroxidation of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Like other α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, acrolein undergoes Michael addition of nucleophiles such as basic amino acids residues of proteins and nucleobases, triggering aging associated disorders. Here, we show that acrolein is also a potential target of the potent biological oxidant, nitrosating and nitrating agent peroxynitrite. In vitro studies revealed the occurrence of 1,4-addition of peroxynitrite (k2 = 6 × 103 M-1 s-1, pH 7.2, 25 °C) to acrolein in air-equilibrated phosphate buffer. This is attested by acrolein concentration-dependent oxygen uptake, peroxynitrite consumption, and generation of formaldehyde and glyoxal as final products. These products are predicted to be originated from the Russell termination of •OOCH=CH(OH) radical which also includes molecular oxygen at the singlet delta state (O21Δg). Accordingly, EPR spin trapping studies with the 2,6-nitrosobenzene-4-sulfonate ion (DBNBS) revealed a 6-line spectrum attributable to the 2-hydroxyvinyl radical adduct. Singlet oxygen was identified by its characteristic monomolecular IR emission at 1,270 nm in deuterated buffer, which was expectedly quenched upon addition of water and sodium azide. These data represent the first report on singlet oxygen creation from a vinylperoxyl radical, previously reported for alkyl- and formylperoxyl radicals, and may contribute to better understand the adverse acrolein behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C P Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio Massari
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saymon Licciardi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Prado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edlaine Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Klassen
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina F M Tavares
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Yun BH, Guo J, Bellamri M, Turesky RJ. DNA adducts: Formation, biological effects, and new biospecimens for mass spectrometric measurements in humans. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:55-82. [PMID: 29889312 PMCID: PMC6289887 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous chemicals in the environment and diet or their electrophilic metabolites can form adducts with genomic DNA, which can lead to mutations and the initiation of cancer. In addition, reactive intermediates can be generated in the body through oxidative stress and damage the genome. The identification and measurement of DNA adducts are required for understanding exposure and the causal role of a genotoxic chemical in cancer risk. Over the past three decades, 32 P-postlabeling, immunoassays, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods have been established to assess exposures to chemicals through measurements of DNA adducts. It is now possible to measure some DNA adducts in human biopsy samples, by LC/MS, with as little as several milligrams of tissue. In this review article, we highlight the formation and biological effects of DNA adducts, and highlight our advances in human biomonitoring by mass spectrometric analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, untapped biospecimens for carcinogen DNA adduct biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
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Chen H, Krishnamachari S, Guo J, Yao L, Murugan P, Weight CJ, Turesky RJ. Quantitation of Lipid Peroxidation Product DNA Adducts in Human Prostate by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Method That Mitigates Artifacts. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1850-1862. [PMID: 31361128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation contribute to DNA damage of many organs, including the prostate. ROS cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, resulting in the formation of toxic and mutagenic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products covalently adduct to DNA and can lead to mutations. The levels of LPO DNA adducts reported in humans range widely. However, a large proportion of the DNA adducts may be attributed to artifact formation during the steps of isolation and nuclease digestion of DNA. We established a method that mitigates artifacts for most LPO adducts during the processing of DNA. We have applied this methodology to measure LPO DNA adducts in the genome of prostate cancer patients, employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap multistage mass spectrometry. Our preliminary data show that DNA adducts of acrolein, 6-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-OH-PdG) and 8-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-PdG) (4-20 adducts per 107 nucleotides) are more prominent than etheno (ε) adducts (<0.5 adducts per 108 nucleotides). This analytical methodology will be used to examine the correlation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and LPO adduct levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
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de Oliveira AAF, de Oliveira TF, Dias MF, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P, Veras M, Lemos M, Marcourakis T, Saldiva PHN, Loureiro APM. Genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects in mice exposed to concentrated ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from São Paulo city, Brazil. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:40. [PMID: 30340610 PMCID: PMC6194750 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo has a unique composition of atmospheric pollutants, and positive correlations between exposure and the risk of diseases and mortality have been observed. Here we assessed the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on genotoxic and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation changes, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in tissues of AJ mice exposed whole body to ambient air enriched in PM2.5, which was concentrated in a chamber near an avenue of intense traffic in São Paulo City, Brazil. RESULTS Mice exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (1 h daily, 3 months) were compared to in situ ambient air exposed mice as the study control. The concentrated PM2.5 exposed group presented increased levels of the oxidized nucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in lung and kidney DNA and increased levels of the etheno adducts 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine in kidney and liver DNA, respectively. Apart from the genotoxic effects, the exposure to PM2.5 led to decreased levels of the epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in lung and liver DNA. Changes in lung, liver, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were also observed. Decreased glutathione reductase and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in the lungs, while the liver presented increased glutathione S-transferase and decreased SOD activities. An increase in SOD activity was also observed in erythrocytes. These changes are consistent with the induction of local and systemic oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Mice exposed daily to PM2.5 at a concentration that mimics 24-h exposure to the mean concentration found in ambient air presented, after 3 months, increased levels of DNA lesions related to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the lungs, liver, and kidney, in parallel to decreased global levels of 5-hmC in lung and liver DNA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by pollutants may affect the genes committed to cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cell differentiation, increasing the chance of cancer development, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Anax Falcão de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
- Present address: Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Michelle Francini Dias
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Marisa Helena Gennari Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Miriam Lemos
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Anfiteatro, 513, São Paulo, CEP 05508060 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Melo Loureiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
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11
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Martinez GR, Brum H, Sassaki GL, de Souza LM, Loureiro APDM, de Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P. Oxidation of 1-N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine by singlet molecular oxygen results in 2'-deoxyguanosine: a pathway to remove exocyclic DNA damage? Biol Chem 2018; 399:859-867. [PMID: 29664729 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exocyclic DNA adducts are considered as potential tools for the study of oxidative stress-related diseases, but an important aspect is their chemical reactivity towards oxidant species. We report here the oxidation of 1-N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N2-εdGuo) by singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) generated by a non-ionic water-soluble endoperoxide [N,N'-di(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,4-naphthalenedipropanamide endoperoxide (DHPNO2)] and its corresponding oxygen isotopically labeled [18O]-[N,N'-di(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,4- naphthalenedipropanamide endoperoxide (DHPN18O2)], and by photosensitization with two different photosensitizers [methylene blue (MB) and Rose Bengal (RB)]. Products detection and characterization were achieved using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultraviolet and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. We found that dGuo is regenerated via reaction of 1O2 with the ε-linkage, and we propose a dioxetane as an intermediate, which cleaves and loses the aldehyde groups as formate residues, or alternatively, it generates a 1,2-ethanediol adduct. We also report herein the quenching rate constants of 1O2 by 1,N2-εdGuo and other etheno modified nucleosides. The rate constant (kt) values obtained for etheno nucleosides are comparable to the kt of dGuo. From these results, we suggest a possible role of 1O2 in the cleanup of etheno adducts by regenerating the normal base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, UFPR, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil
| | - Hulyana Brum
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, UFPR, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, UFPR, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-000, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Helena Gennari de Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
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12
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Carvalho VH, Oliveira AHS, de Oliveira LF, da Silva RP, Di Mascio P, Gualano B, Artioli GG, Medeiros MHG. Exercise and β-alanine supplementation on carnosine-acrolein adduct in skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2018; 18:222-228. [PMID: 30053728 PMCID: PMC6077140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise results in reactive aldehyde production and that β-alanine supplementation increases carnosine content in skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the influence exercise and β-alanine supplementation have on the formation of carnosine-aldehydes. The goal of the present study was to monitor the formation of carnosine-aldehyde adducts, following high-intensity intermittent exercise, before and after β-alanine supplementation. Vastus lateralis biopsy samples were taken from 14 cyclists, before and after a 28 day β-alanine supplementation, following 4 bouts of a 30 s all-out cycling test, and carnosine and CAR-aldehyde adducts [carnosine-acrolein, CAR-ACR (m/z 303), carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, CAR-HHE (m/z 341) and carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, CAR-HNE (m/z 383)] were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. β-alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine content by ~50% (p = 0.0001 vs. Pre-Supplementation). Interestingly, there was a significant increase in post-exercise CAR-ACR content following β-alanine supplementation (p < 0.001 vs. post-exercise before supplementation), whereas neither exercise alone nor supplementation alone increased CAR-ACR formation. These results suggest that carnosine functions as an acrolein-scavenger in skeletal muscle. Such a role would be relevant to the detoxification of this aldehyde formed during exercise, and appears to be enhanced by β-alanine supplementation. These novel findings not only have the potential of directly benefiting athletes who engage in intensive training regimens, but will also allow researchers to explore the role of muscle carnosine in detoxifying reactive aldehydes in diseases characterized by abnormal oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation generates electrophilic reactive aldehydes. β-Alanine supplementation increases muscle carnosine content in skeletal muscle. The carnosine-acrolein levels were higher in muscle following β-alanine supplementation in post-exercise. This acrolein-scavenger role for muscle carnosine may contribute to its ergogenic and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana H S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana F de Oliveira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael P da Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Batista da Cunha D, Pupo Silvestrini AV, Gomes da Silva AC, Maria de Paula Estevam D, Pollettini FL, de Oliveira Navarro J, Alves AA, Remédio Zeni Beretta AL, Annichino Bizzacchi JM, Pereira LC, Mazzi MV. Mechanistic insights into functional characteristics of native crotamine. Toxicon 2018; 146:1-12. [PMID: 29574214 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of snake venoms is a complex mixture of proteins and peptides that can be pharmacologically active. Crotamine, a cell-penetrating peptide, has been described to have antimicrobial properties and it exerts its effects by interacting selectively with different structures, inducing changes in the ion flow pattern and cellular responses. However, its real therapeutic potential is not yet fully known. Bearing in mind that crotamine is a promising molecule in therapeutics, this study investigated the action of purified molecule in three aspects: I) antibacterial action on different species of clinical interest, II) the effect of two different concentrations of the molecule on platelet aggregation, and III) its effects on isolated mitochondria. Crotamine was purified to homogeneity in a single step procedure using Heparin Sepharose. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 4881.4 Da, as determined by mass spectrometry. To assess antibacterial action, changes in the parameters of bacterial oxidative stress were determined. The peptide showed antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli (MIC: 2.0 μg/μL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 8-16 μg/μL) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 4.0-8.0 μg/μL), inducing bacterial death by lipid peroxidation and oxidation of target proteins, determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and sulfhydryl groups, respectively. Crotamine induced increased platelet aggregation (IPA) at the two concentrations analyzed (0.1 and 1.4 μg/μL) compared to ADP-induced aggregation of PRP. Mitochondrial respiratory parameters and organelle structure assays were used to elucidate the action of the compound in this organelle. The exposure of mitochondria to crotamine caused a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and changes in mitochondrial permeability, without causing damage in the mitochondrial redox state. Together, these results support the hypothesis that, besides the antimicrobial potential, crotamine acts on different molecular targets, inducing platelet aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Batista da Cunha
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Vitória Pupo Silvestrini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Maria de Paula Estevam
- Graduate Program in Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lino Pollettini
- Graduate Program in Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Navarro
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Armindo Antônio Alves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Remédio Zeni Beretta
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce M Annichino Bizzacchi
- Blood Hemostasis Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristina Pereira
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, State University Paulista Júlio Mesquita Filho-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Ventura Mazzi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, 7 Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Guo J, Villalta PW, Turesky RJ. Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry Approach for Screening and Identification of DNA Adducts. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11728-11736. [PMID: 28977750 PMCID: PMC5727898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposures to environmental toxicants and endogenous electrophiles are causative factors for human diseases including cancer. DNA adducts reflect the internal exposure to genotoxicants and can serve as biomarkers for risk assessment. Liquid chromatography-multistage mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) is the most common method for biomonitoring DNA adducts, generally targeting single exposures and measuring up to several adducts. However, the data often provide limited evidence for a role of a chemical in the etiology of cancer. An "untargeted" method is required that captures global exposures to chemicals, by simultaneously detecting their DNA adducts in the genome; some of which may induce cancer-causing mutations. We established a wide selected ion monitoring tandem mass spectrometry (wide-SIM/MS2) screening method utilizing ultraperformance-LC nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap MSn with online trapping to enrich bulky, nonpolar adducts. Wide-SIM scan events are followed by MS2 scans to screen for modified nucleosides by coeluting peaks containing precursor and fragment ions differing by -116.0473 Da, attributed to the neutral loss of deoxyribose. Wide-SIM/MS2 was shown to be superior in sensitivity, specificity, and breadth of adduct coverage to other tested adductomic methods with detection possible at adduct levels as low as 4 per 109 nucleotides. Wide-SIM/MS2 data can be analyzed in a "targeted" fashion by generation of extracted ion chromatograms or in an "untargeted" fashion where a chromatographic peak-picking algorithm can be used to detect putative DNA adducts. Wide-SIM/MS2 successfully detected DNA adducts, derived from chemicals in the diet and traditional medicines and from lipid peroxidation products, in human prostate and renal specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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15
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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16
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Schuch AP, Moreno NC, Schuch NJ, Menck CFM, Garcia CCM. Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:110-124. [PMID: 28109890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed. Sunlight, specifically UVB and UVA, triggers various types of DNA damage. Although sunlight, mainly UVB, is necessary for the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for human health, DNA damage may have several deleterious consequences, such as cell death, mutagenesis, photoaging and cancer. UVA and UVB photons can be directly absorbed not only by DNA, which results in lesions, but also by the chromophores that are present in skin cells. This process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may indirectly cause DNA damage. Despite many decades of investigation, the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear. However, human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight. These systems include antioxidants, that protect DNA, and mechanisms of DNA damage repair and tolerance. Genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes. The best known of these is xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), whose patients are defective in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion synthesis (TLS) pathways. These patients are mainly affected due to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, but there is growing evidence that XP cells are also defective in the protection against other types of lesions, including oxidized DNA bases. This raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced DNA damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, knowledge of what occurs in XP patients may still bring important contributions to the understanding of the biological impact of sunlight-induced deleterious effects on the skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natielen Jacques Schuch
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário Franciscano, 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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17
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Koehler BC, Arslic-Schmitt T, Peccerella T, Scherr AL, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Bruckner T, Gdynia G, Jäger D, Mueller S, Bartsch H, Seitz HK. Possible Mechanisms of Ethanol-Mediated Colorectal Carcinogenesis: The Role of Cytochrome P4502E1, Etheno-DNA Adducts, and the Anti-Apoptotic Protein Mcl-1. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2094-2101. [PMID: 27581253 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. The mechanisms by which ethanol (EtOH) exerts its carcinogenic effect on the colorectal mucosa are not clear and may include oxidative stress with the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through EtOH metabolism via cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) leading to carcinogenic etheno-DNA adducts. ROS may also induce apoptosis. However, the effect of chronic EtOH consumption on CYP2E1, etheno-DNA adducts as well as anti-apoptotic proteins in the colorectal mucosa of heavy drinkers without colorectal inflammation is still not known. METHODS Rectal biopsies from 32 alcoholics (>60 g EtOH/d) and from 12 controls (<20 g EtOH/d) were histologically examined, and immunohistochemistry for CYP2E1 and etheno-DNA adducts was performed. Apoptosis (cleaved PARP) as well as anti-apoptotic proteins including Bcl-xL , Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 were immunohistochemically determined. RESULTS No significant difference in mucosal CYP2E1 or etheno-DNA adducts was observed between alcoholics and control patients. However, CYP2E1 and etheno-DNA adducts correlated significantly when both groups were combined (p < 0.001). In addition, although apoptosis was found not to be significantly affected by EtOH, the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, but neither Bcl-xL nor Bcl-2, was found to be significantly increased in heavy drinkers as compared to controls (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Although colorectal CYP2E1 was not found to be significantly increased in alcoholics, CYP2E1 correlated overall with the level of etheno-DNA adducts in the colorectal mucosa, which identifies CYP2E1 as an important factor in colorectal carcinogenesis. Most importantly, however, is the up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 in heavy drinkers counteracting apoptosis and possibly stimulating cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Arslic-Schmitt
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Peccerella
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Scherr
- National Tumor Centre, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Tumor Centre, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Bartsch
- Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Structural Elucidation of a Carnosine-Acrolein Adduct and its Quantification in Human Urine Samples. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19348. [PMID: 26783107 PMCID: PMC4726056 DOI: 10.1038/srep19348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes accumulate in inflammation, during myocardial infarction and have been associated with pain symptoms. One pathway of aldehyde detoxification is the conjugation with carnosine. A 3-methylpyridinium carnosine adduct from the reaction of carnosine and acrolein was characterized using extensive spectroscopic measurements. The adduct with urinary concentrations of 1.82 ± 0.68 nmol/mg of creatinine is one of the most abundant acrolein metabolites in urine and opens promising therapeutic strategies for carnosine.
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19
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Teufel U, Peccerella T, Engelmann G, Bruckner T, Flechtenmacher C, Millonig G, Stickel F, Hoffmann GF, Schirmacher P, Mueller S, Bartsch H, Seitz HK. Detection of carcinogenic etheno-DNA adducts in children and adolescents with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016; 4:426-35. [PMID: 26734629 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenic exocyclic-DNA adducts like 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine (εdA) are formed through reactive intermediates of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) or other lipid peroxidation (LPO) products with the DNA bases A, C, methyl-C and G. High levels of hepatic etheno-DNA adducts have been detected in cancer prone liver diseases including alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In ALD εdA levels correlated significantly with cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression which is also induced in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the occurrence of εdA adducts in children with NASH as a DNA damage marker. METHODS Liver biopsies from 21 children/adolescents with histologically proven NASH were analysed for hepatic fat content, inflammation, and fibrosis. εdA levels in DNA, CYP2E1-expression and protein bound 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were semi-quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among 21 NASH children, εdA levels in the liver were high in 3, moderate in 5, weak in 9 and not elevated in 4 patients. There was a positive correlation between CYP2E1 and protein-bound 4-HNE (r=0.60; P=0.008) and a trend for a positive relationship for CYP2E1 vs. staining intensity of εdA (r=0.45; P=0.06). Inflammatory activity and fibrosis correlated significantly (r=0.49, P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of elevated carcinogenic etheno-DNA lesions (εdA) in the majority (17/21) of liver biopsies from young NASH patients. Our data suggest that LPO-derived etheno-adducts are implicated in NASH. Whether these adducts may serve as predictive risk markers in NASH children to develop hepatocellular cancer later in life remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Teufel
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Peccerella
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Engelmann
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christa Flechtenmacher
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunda Millonig
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Bartsch
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- 1 Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 2 Alcohol Research Centre, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology & Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany ; 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ; 5 Hepatology Unit, Clinic Beau-Site Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland ; 6 Erstwhile: Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Genaro-Mattos TC, Queiroz RF, Cunha D, Appolinario PP, Di Mascio P, Nantes IL, Augusto O, Miyamoto S. Cytochrome c Reacts with Cholesterol Hydroperoxides To Produce Lipid- and Protein-Derived Radicals. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2841-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael F. Queiroz
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Departamento
de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA 45200-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cunha
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Appolinario
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Iseli L. Nantes
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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21
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Cadet J, Douki T, Ravanat JL. Oxidatively generated damage to cellular DNA by UVB and UVA radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:140-55. [PMID: 25327445 DOI: 10.1111/php.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on a critical survey of the main available information on the UVB and UVA oxidative reactions to cellular DNA as the result of direct interactions of UV photons, photosensitized pathways and biochemical responses including inflammation and bystander effects. UVA radiation appears to be much more efficient than UVB in inducing oxidatively generated damage to the bases and 2-deoxyribose moieties of DNA in isolated cells and skin. The UVA-induced generation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine is mostly rationalized in terms of selective guanine oxidation by singlet oxygen generated through type II photosensitization mechanism. In addition, hydroxyl radical whose formation may be accounted for by metal-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reactions subsequent to the initial generation of superoxide anion radical contributes in a minor way to the DNA degradation. This leads to the formation of both oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases together with DNA single-strand breaks at the exclusion, however, of direct double-strand breaks. No evidence has been provided so far for the implication of delayed oxidative degradation pathways of cellular DNA. In that respect putative characteristic UVA-induced DNA damage could include single and more complex lesions arising from one-electron oxidation of the guanine base together with aldehyde adducts to amino-substituted nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INAC, Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC, Grenoble, France; Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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22
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Gavina JMA, Yao C, Feng YL. Recent developments in DNA adduct analysis by mass spectrometry: a tool for exposure biomonitoring and identification of hazard for environmental pollutants. Talanta 2014; 130:475-94. [PMID: 25159438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA adducts represent an important category of biomarkers for detection and exposure surveillance of potential carcinogenic and genotoxic chemicals in the environment. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are required to detect and differentiate low levels of adducts from native DNA from in vivo exposure. In addition to biomonitoring of environmental pollutants, analytical methods have been developed for structural identification of adducts which provides fundamental information for determining the toxic pathway of hazardous chemicals. In order to achieve the required sensitivity, mass spectrometry has been increasingly utilized to quantify adducts at low levels as well as to obtain structural information. Furthermore, separation techniques such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis can be coupled to mass spectrometry to increase the selectivity. This review will provide an overview of advances in detection of adducted and modified DNA by mass spectrometry with a focus on the analysis of nucleosides since 2007. Instrument advances, sample and instrument considerations, and recent applications will be summarized in the context of hazard assessment. Finally, advances in biomonitoring applying mass spectrometry will be highlighted. Most importantly, the usefulness of DNA adducts measurement and detection will be comprehensively discussed as a tool for assessment of in vitro and in vivo exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennilee M A Gavina
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Chunhe Yao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
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23
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de Oliveira TF, da Silva ALM, de Moura RA, Bagattini R, de Oliveira AAF, de Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P, de Arruda Campos IP, Barretto FP, Bechara EJH, de Melo Loureiro AP. Luminescent threat: toxicity of light stick attractors used in pelagic fishery. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5359. [PMID: 24942522 PMCID: PMC5381548 DOI: 10.1038/srep05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light sticks (LS) are sources of chemiluminescence commonly used in pelagic fishery, where hundreds are discarded and reach the shores. Residents from fishing villages report an improper use of LS contents on the skin. Given the scarce information regarding LS toxicity, the effects of LS solutions in cell cultures were evaluated herein. Loss of viability, cell cycle changes and DNA fragmentation were observed in HepG2 cell line and skin fibroblasts. A non-cytotoxic LS concentration increased the occurrence of the mutagenic lesion 1,N(6)-εdAdo in HepG2 DNA by three-fold. Additionally, in vitro incubations of spent LS contents with DNA generated dGuo-LS adducts, whose structure elucidation revealed the presence of a reactive chlorinated product. In conclusion, the LS contents were found to be highly cyto- and genotoxic. Our data indicate an urgent need for LS waste management guidelines and for adequate information regarding toxic outcomes that may arise from human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Amanda Lucila Medeiros da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rafaela Alves de Moura
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Bagattini
- Instituto de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Anax Falcão de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Etelvino José Henriques Bechara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Schuch AP, Garcia CCM, Makita K, Menck CFM. DNA damage as a biological sensor for environmental sunlight. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 12:1259-72. [PMID: 23525255 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp00004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is widely known as an environmental genotoxic agent that affects ecosystems and the human population, generating concerns and motivating worldwide scientific efforts to better understand the role of sunlight in the induction of DNA damage, cell death, mutagenesis, and ultimately, carcinogenesis. In this review, general aspects of UV radiation at the Earth's surface are reported, considering measurements by physical and biological sensors that monitor solar UV radiation under different environmental conditions. The formation of DNA photoproducts and other types of DNA damage by different UV wavelengths are compared with the present information on their roles in inducing biological effects. Moreover, the use of DNA-based biological dosimeters is presented as a feasible molecular and cellular tool that is focused on the evaluation of DNA lesions induced by natural sunlight. Clearly, direct environmental measurements demonstrate the biological impact of sunlight in different locations worldwide and reveal how this affects the DNA damage profile at different latitudes. These tools are also valuable for the quantification of photoprotection provided by commercial sunscreens against the induction of DNA damage and cell death, employing DNA repair-deficient cells that are hypersensitive to sunlight. Collectively, the data demonstrate the applicability of DNA-based biosensors as alternative, complementary, and reliable methods for registering variations in the genotoxic impact of solar UV radiation and for determining the level of photoprotection sunscreens provided at the level of DNA damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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25
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Garcia CCM, Freitas FP, Sanchez AB, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MHG. Elevated α-methyl-γ-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in urinary samples from individuals exposed to urban air pollution. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1602-4. [PMID: 24168144 DOI: 10.1021/tx400273q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde are genotoxic aldehydes present in tobacco smoke and vehicle exhaust. The reaction of these aldehydes with 2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA produces α-methyl-γ-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N(2)-propanodGuo). Online HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to accurately quantify 1,N(2)-propanodGuo in human urinary samples from 47 residents of São Paulo City (SP) and 35 residents of the rural municipality of São João da Boa Vista (SJBV) in the state of São Paulo. Significantly higher 1,N(2)-propanodGuo levels were found in the samples from SP donors than in samples from SJBV donors. Our results provide the first evidence that elevated levels of 1,N(2)-propanodGuo in urinary samples may be correlated with urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C M Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Mullins EA, Rubinson EH, Pereira KN, Calcutt MW, Christov PP, Eichman BF. An HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of alkylated base excision repair products. Methods 2013; 64:59-66. [PMID: 23876937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA glycosylases excise a broad spectrum of alkylated, oxidized, and deaminated nucleobases from DNA as the initial step in base excision repair. Substrate specificity and base excision activity are typically characterized by monitoring the release of modified nucleobases either from a genomic DNA substrate that has been treated with a modifying agent or from a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a defined lesion of interest. Detection of nucleobases from genomic DNA has traditionally involved HPLC separation and scintillation detection of radiolabeled nucleobases, which in the case of alkylation adducts can be laborious and costly. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry method to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple alkylpurine adducts released from genomic DNA that has been treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). We illustrate the utility of this method by monitoring the excision of N3-methyladenine (3 mA) and N7-methylguanine (7 mG) by a panel of previously characterized prokaryotic and eukaryotic alkylpurine DNA glycosylases, enabling a comparison of substrate specificity and enzyme activity by various methods. Detailed protocols for these methods, along with preparation of genomic and oligonucleotide alkyl-DNA substrates, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwood A Mullins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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27
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Januar LA, Molinski TF. Acremolin from Acremonium strictum is N(2),3-etheno-2'-isopropyl-1-methylguanine, not a 1H-azirine. Synthesis and structural revision. Org Lett 2013; 15:2370-3. [PMID: 23635003 PMCID: PMC3957326 DOI: 10.1021/ol400752s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the heterocyclic marine natural product, acremolin, is reported along with the revision of the structure from a 1H-azirine to a substituted N(2),3-ethenoguanine (5-methyl-7-isopropyl-4,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]purine). Additional properties of acremolin are also described including its (1)H-(15)N-HMBC and fluorescence spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Januar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0358, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Tadeusz F. Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0358, La Jolla, CA, 92093
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0358, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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28
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Analysis of the organic hydroperoxide response of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals that OhrR is a cys-based redox sensor regulated by thioredoxin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47090. [PMID: 23071722 PMCID: PMC3469484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic hydroperoxides are oxidants generated during bacterial-host interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the peroxidase OhrA and its negative regulator OhrR comprise a major pathway for sensing and detoxifying organic hydroperoxides in the opportunistic pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum. Initially, we found that an ohrA mutant was hypersensitive to organic hydroperoxides and that it displayed a low efficiency for decomposing these molecules. Expression of ohrA and ohrR was specifically induced by organic hydroperoxides. These genes were expressed as monocistronic transcripts and also as a bicistronic ohrR-ohrA mRNA, generating the abundantly detected ohrA mRNA and the barely detected ohrR transcript. The bicistronic transcript appears to be processed. OhrR repressed both the ohrA and ohrR genes by binding directly to inverted repeat sequences within their promoters in a redox-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis of each of the four OhrR cysteine residues indicated that the conserved Cys21 is critical to organic hydroperoxide sensing, whereas Cys126 is required for disulfide bond formation. Taken together, these phenotypic, genetic and biochemical data indicate that the response of C. violaceum to organic hydroperoxides is mediated by OhrA and OhrR. Finally, we demonstrated that oxidized OhrR, inactivated by intermolecular disulfide bond formation, is specifically regenerated via thiol-disulfide exchange by thioredoxin (but not other thiol reducing agents such as glutaredoxin, glutathione and lipoamide), providing a physiological reducing system for this thiol-based redox switch.
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29
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Chou CH, Chuang LY, Tseng WL, Lu CY. Characterization of protein adducts formed by toxic alkaloids by nano-scale liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1303-1312. [PMID: 23019161 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Betel quid chewing is associated with cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in diseases such as oral cancer, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and diabetes mellitus. Arecoline and arecaidine, which are the main alkaloids in the areca nut, are potential exposure biomarkers in habitual betel quid users. This study developed a method of detecting arecoline- and arecaidine-protein adducts by mass spectrometry (MS). First, bovine serum albumin was used to predict and confirm the binding sites of proteins modified by arecoline or arecaidine. Cells were then treated with arecoline to identify new protein adducts after cellular metabolic processing. Finally, human plasma was used to model long-term exposure to arecoline and arecaidine. Following isolation proteins were tryspin digested. The peptides afforded were separated and analyzed by nano-scale liquid chromatography with MS using an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The experimental findings showed that cysteine is the predominant amino acid in protein adduct formation. The goal of this study was to establish a screening platform for identifying novel protein adducts that form covalent bonds with arecoline or arecaidine. Use of this strategy to survey new protein-toxic adducts may help to identify novel biomarkers of betel nut exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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30
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Hill S, Lamberson CR, Xu L, To R, Tsui HS, Shmanai VV, Bekish AV, Awad AM, Marbois BN, Cantor CR, Porter NA, Clarke CF, Shchepinov MS. Small amounts of isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress lipid autoxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:893-906. [PMID: 22705367 PMCID: PMC3437768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) undergo autoxidation and generate reactive carbonyl compounds that are toxic to cells and associated with apoptotic cell death, age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. PUFA autoxidation is initiated by the abstraction of bis-allylic hydrogen atoms. Replacement of the bis-allylic hydrogen atoms with deuterium atoms (termed site-specific isotope-reinforcement) arrests PUFA autoxidation due to the isotope effect. Kinetic competition experiments show that the kinetic isotope effect for the propagation rate constant of Lin autoxidation compared to that of 11,11-D(2)-Lin is 12.8 ± 0.6. We investigate the effects of different isotope-reinforced PUFAs and natural PUFAs on the viability of coenzyme Q-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae coq mutants and wild-type yeast subjected to copper stress. Cells treated with a C11-BODIPY fluorescent probe to monitor lipid oxidation products show that lipid peroxidation precedes the loss of viability due to H-PUFA toxicity. We show that replacement of just one bis-allylic hydrogen atom with deuterium is sufficient to arrest lipid autoxidation. In contrast, PUFAs reinforced with two deuterium atoms at mono-allylic sites remain susceptible to autoxidation. Surprisingly, yeast treated with a mixture of approximately 20%:80% isotope-reinforced D-PUFA:natural H-PUFA are protected from lipid autoxidation-mediated cell killing. The findings reported here show that inclusion of only a small fraction of PUFAs deuterated at the bis-allylic sites is sufficient to profoundly inhibit the chain reaction of nondeuterated PUFAs in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | | | - Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Randy To
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Hui S. Tsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Vadim V. Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, 13 Surganova Street, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Andrei V. Bekish
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220020, Belarus
| | - Agape M. Awad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Beth N. Marbois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Charles R. Cantor
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Retrotope Inc., 12133 Foothill Lane, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Catherine F. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Catherine F. Clarke, Tel. 310.825.0771, Fax. 310.206.5213, ; and Mikhail S. Shchepinov, Tel. 650.917.9256, Fax. 650.917.9255,
| | - Mikhail S. Shchepinov
- Retrotope Inc., 12133 Foothill Lane, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Catherine F. Clarke, Tel. 310.825.0771, Fax. 310.206.5213, ; and Mikhail S. Shchepinov, Tel. 650.917.9256, Fax. 650.917.9255,
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Yun BH, Rosenquist T, Sidorenko V, Iden C, Chung-Hsin C, Pu YS, Bonala R, Johnson F, Dickman KG, Grollman AP, Turesky RJ. Biomonitoring of aristolactam-DNA adducts in human tissues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1119-31. [PMID: 22515372 PMCID: PMC3536064 DOI: 10.1021/tx3000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a structurally related family of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic nitrophenanthrene compounds found in Aristolochia herbaceous plants, many of which have been used worldwide for medicinal purposes. AAs have been implicated in the etiology of so-called Chinese herbs nephropathy and of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Both of these disease syndromes are associated with carcinomas of the upper urinary tract (UUC). 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthro-[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxolo-5-carboxylic acid (AA-I) is a principal component of Aristolochia herbs. Following metabolic activation, AA-I reacts with DNA to form aristolactam (AL-I)-DNA adducts. We have developed a sensitive analytical method, using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/multistage mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS(n)) with a linear quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer, to measure 7-(deoxyadenosin-N(6)-yl) aristolactam I (dA-AL-I) and 7-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl) aristolactam I (dG-AL-I) adducts. Using 10 μg of DNA for measurements, the lower limits of quantitation of dA-AL-I and dG-AL-I are, respectively, 0.3 and 1.0 adducts per 10(8) DNA bases. We have used UPLC-ESI/MS(n) to quantify AL-DNA adducts in tissues of rodents exposed to AA and in the renal cortex of patients with UUC who reside in Taiwan, where the incidence of this uncommon cancer is the highest reported for any country in the world. In human tissues, dA-AL-I was detected at levels ranging from 9 to 338 adducts per 10(8) DNA bases, whereas dG-AL-I was not found. We conclude that UPLC-ESI/MS(n) is a highly sensitive, specific and robust analytical method, positioned to supplant (32)P-postlabeling techniques currently used for biomonitoring of DNA adducts in human tissues. Importantly, UPLC-ESI/MS(n) could be used to document exposure to AA, the toxicant responsible for AA nephropathy and its associated UUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12201
| | - Thomas Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Viktoriya Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Charles Iden
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Chen Chung-Hsin
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, 10002
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, 10002
| | - Radha Bonala
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Kathleen G. Dickman
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Arthur P. Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12201
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Cadet J, Douki T, Ravanat JL, Wagner JR. Measurement of oxidatively generated base damage to nucleic acids in cells: facts and artifacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-012-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cadet J, Loft S, Olinski R, Evans MD, Bialkowski K, Richard Wagner J, Dedon PC, Møller P, Greenberg MM, Cooke MS. Biologically relevant oxidants and terminology, classification and nomenclature of oxidatively generated damage to nucleobases and 2-deoxyribose in nucleic acids. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:367-81. [PMID: 22263561 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.659248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A broad scientific community is involved in investigations aimed at delineating the mechanisms of formation and cellular processing of oxidatively generated damage to nucleic acids. Perhaps as a consequence of this breadth of research expertise, there are nomenclature problems for several of the oxidized bases including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), a ubiquitous marker of almost every type of oxidative stress in cells. Efforts to standardize the nomenclature and abbreviations of the main DNA degradation products that arise from oxidative pathways are reported. Information is also provided on the main oxidative radicals, non-radical oxygen species, one-electron agents and enzymes involved in DNA degradation pathways as well in their targets and reactivity. A brief classification of oxidatively generated damage to DNA that may involve single modifications, tandem base modifications, intrastrand and interstrand cross-links together with DNA-protein cross-links and base adducts arising from the addition of lipid peroxides breakdown products is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Direction des Sciences de Matière, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA/Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Angeli JPF, Garcia CCM, Sena F, Freitas FP, Miyamoto S, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P. Lipid hydroperoxide-induced and hemoglobin-enhanced oxidative damage to colon cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:503-15. [PMID: 21600979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that Western diets are related to an increase in a series of malignancies. Among the compounds that are credited for this toxic effect are heme and lipid peroxides. We evaluated the effects of hemoglobin (Hb) and linoleic acid hydroperoxides (LAOOH) on a series of toxicological endpoints, such as cytotoxicity, redox status, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. We demonstrated that the preincubation of SW480 cells with Hb and its subsequent exposure to LAOOH (Hb + LAOOH) led to an increase in cell death, DCFH oxidation, malonaldehyde formation, and DNA fragmentation and that these effects were related to the peroxide group and the heme present in Hb. Furthermore, Hb and LAOOH alone exerted a toxic effect on the endpoints assayed only at concentrations higher than 100 μM. We were also able to show that SW480 cells presented a higher level of the modified DNA bases 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine compared to the control. Furthermore, incubations with Hb led to an increase in intracellular iron levels, and this high level of iron correlated with DNA oxidation, as measured as EndoIII- and Fpg-sensitive sites. Thus, Hb from either red meat or bowel bleeding could act as an enhancer of fatty acid hydroperoxide genotoxicity, which contributes to the accumulation of DNA lesions in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro F Angeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508–000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Shanmugam G, Kozekov ID, Guengerich FP, Rizzo CJ, Stone MP. 1,N2-Etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine adopts the syn conformation about the glycosyl bond when mismatched with deoxyadenosine. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1071-9. [PMID: 21675798 PMCID: PMC3138413 DOI: 10.1021/tx200089v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The oligodeoxynucleotide 5′-CGCATXGAATCC-3′·5′-GGATTCAATGCG-3′ containing 1,N2-etheno-2′-deoxyguanosine (1,N2-εdG) opposite deoxyadenosine (named the 1,N2-εdG·dA duplex) models the mismatched adenine product associated with error-prone bypass of 1,N2-εdG by the Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) and by Escherichia coli polymerases pol I exo– and pol II exo–. At pH 5.2, the Tm of this duplex was increased by 3 °C as compared to the duplex in which the 1,N2-εdG lesion is opposite dC, and it was increased by 2 °C compared to the duplex in which guanine is opposite dA (the dG·dA duplex). A strong NOE between the 1,N2-εdG imidazole proton and the anomeric proton of the attached deoxyribose, accompanied by strong NOEs to the minor groove A20 H2 proton and the mismatched A19 H2 proton from the complementary strand, establish that 1,N2-εdG rotated about the glycosyl bond from the anti to the syn conformation. The etheno moiety was placed into the major groove. This resulted in NOEs between the etheno protons and T5 CH3. A strong NOE between A20 H2 and A19 H2 protons established that A19, opposite to 1,N2-εdG, adopted the anti conformation and was directed toward the helix. The downfield shifts of the A19 amino protons suggested protonation of dA. Thus, the protonated 1,N2-εdG·dA base pair was stabilized by hydrogen bonds between 1,N2-εdG N1 and A19 N1H+ and between 1,N2-εdG O9 and A19N6H. The broad imino proton resonances for the 5′- and 3′-flanking bases suggested that both neighboring base pairs were perturbed. The increased stability of the 1,N2-εdG·dA base pair, compared to that of the 1,N2-εdG·dC base pair, correlated with the mismatch adenine product observed during the bypass of 1,N2-εdG by the Dpo4 polymerase, suggesting that stabilization of this mismatch may be significant with regard to the biological processing of 1,N2-εdG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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Garcia CCM, Angeli JPF, Freitas FP, Gomes OF, de Oliveira TF, Loureiro APM, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MHG. [13C2]- Acetaldehyde Promotes Unequivocal Formation of 1,N2-Propano-2′-deoxyguanosine in Human Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9140-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Carrião M. Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - José Pedro F. Angeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Florêncio P. Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar F. Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago F. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M. Loureiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa H. G. Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, ‡Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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37
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Garcia CCM, Freitas FP, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MHG. Ultrasensitive simultaneous quantification of 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine and 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA by an online liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry assay. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1245-55. [PMID: 20550124 DOI: 10.1021/tx1001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exocyclic DNA adducts produced by exogenous and endogenous compounds are emerging as potential tools to study a variety of human diseases and air pollution exposure. A highly sensitive method involving online reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode and employing stable isotope-labeled internal standards was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N(2)-epsilondGuo) and 1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N(2)-propanodGuo) in DNA. This methodology permits direct online quantification of 2'-deoxyguanosine and ca. 500 amol of adducts in 100 microg of hydrolyzed DNA in the same analysis. Using the newly developed technique, accurate determinations of 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine and 1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in DNA extracts of human cultured cells (4.01 +/- 0.32 1,N(2)-epsilondGuo/10(8) dGuo and 3.43 +/- 0.33 1,N(2)-propanodGuo/10(8) dGuo) and rat tissue (liver, 2.47 +/- 0.61 1,N(2)-epsilondGuo/10(8) dGuo and 4.61 +/- 0.69 1,N(2)-propanodGuo/10(8) dGuo; brain, 2.96 +/- 1.43 1,N(2)-epsilondGuo/10(8) dGuo and 5.66 +/- 3.70 1,N(2)-propanodGuo/10(8) dGuo; and lung, 0.87 +/- 0.34 1,N(2)-epsilondGuo/10(8) dGuo and 2.25 +/- 1.72 1,N(2)-propanodGuo/10(8) dGuo) were performed. The method described herein can be used to study the biological significance of exocyclic DNA adducts through the quantification of different adducts in humans and experimental animals with pathological conditions and after air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C M Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Ronsein GE, de Oliveira MCB, Medeiros MHG, Miyamoto S, Di Mascio P. DNA strand breaks and base modifications induced by cholesterol hydroperoxides. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:266-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.524215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Eoff RL, Choi JY, Guengerich FP. Mechanistic Studies with DNA Polymerases Reveal Complex Outcomes following Bypass of DNA Damage. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20936119 PMCID: PMC2948923 DOI: 10.4061/2010/830473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is a chemically reactive molecule that is subject to many different covalent modifications from sources that are both endogenous and exogenous in origin. The inherent instability of DNA is a major obstacle to genomic maintenance and contributes in varying degrees to cellular dysfunction and disease in multi-cellular organisms. Investigations into the chemical and biological aspects of DNA damage have identified multi-tiered and overlapping cellular systems that have evolved as a means of stabilizing the genome. One of these pathways supports DNA replication events by in a sense adopting the mantra that one must “make the best of a bad situation” and tolerating covalent modification to DNA through less accurate copying of the damaged region. Part of this so-called DNA damage tolerance pathway involves the recruitment of specialized DNA polymerases to sites of stalled or collapsed replication forks. These enzymes have unique structural and functional attributes that often allow bypass of adducted template DNA and successful completion of genomic replication. What follows is a selective description of the salient structural features and bypass properties of specialized DNA polymerases with an emphasis on Y-family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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Barbati S, Bonnefoy A, Botta A, Chiron S. Secondary oxidation of cyclic 1,N2-propano and 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts. Consequences in oxidative stress biomarker development. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:1081-1087. [PMID: 20537368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work is an attempt to investigate the chemical stability of 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (pdG-HNE) and 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (epsilondG) DNA adducts against hydrolysis and upon oxidation reactions. It includes both kinetic issues together with proposed degradation pathways. While both chemicals are stable in the 3.5-9 pH range, the results suggest that pdG-HNE adduct is less prone to in vitro oxidative transformation than epsilondG adduct. EpsilondG and pdG-HNE behave differently upon hydroxyl radical and one electron oxidation reactions. The exocyclic ring of epsilondG is mainly affected by oxidative processes leading to the regeneration of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) while the integrity of the exocyclic ring is preserved for pdG-HNE. Consequently, pdG-HNE might be a better biomarker than epsilondG for monitoring oxidative stress during environmental or occupational exposures to chemicals. Understanding the in vitro routes of etheno and propano DNA adduct degradation would probably help to guide the development of analytical methodologies for the reliable detection of these endogenous adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Barbati
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Aix-Marseille Universités-CNRS (UMR 6264), 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
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41
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Shanmugam G, Kozekov ID, Guengerich FP, Rizzo CJ, Stone MP. Structure of the 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine lesion in the 3'-G(epsilon dG)T-5' sequence opposite a one-base deletion. Biochemistry 2010; 49:2615-26. [PMID: 20201499 PMCID: PMC2844103 DOI: 10.1021/bi901516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the 1,N(2)-ethenodeoxyguanosine lesion (1,N(2)-epsilondG) has been characterized in 5'-d(CGCATXGAATCC)-3'.5'-d(GGATTCATGCG)-3' (X = 1,N(2)-epsilondG), in which there is no dC opposite the lesion. This duplex (named the 1-BD duplex) models the product of translesion bypass of 1,N(2)-epsilondG by Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) [Zang, H., Goodenough, A. K., Choi, J. Y., Irimia, A., Loukachevitch, L. V., Kozekov, I. D., Angel, K. C., Rizzo, C. J., Egli, M., and Guengerich, F. P. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 29750-29764], leading to a one-base deletion. The T(m) of this duplex is 6 degrees C higher than that of the duplex in which dC is present opposite the 1,N(2)-epsilondG lesion and 8 degrees C higher than that of the unmodified 1-BD duplex. Analysis of NOEs between the 1,N(2)-epsilondG imidazole and deoxyribose H1' protons and between the 1,N(2)-epsilondG etheno H6 and H7 protons and DNA protons establishes that 1,N(2)-epsilondG adopts the anti conformation about the glycosyl bond and that the etheno moiety is accommodated within the helix. The resonances of the 1,N(2)-epsilondG H6 and H7 etheno protons shift upfield relative to the monomer 1,N(2)-epsilondG, attributed to ring current shielding, consistent with their intrahelical location. NMR data reveal that Watson-Crick base pairing is maintained at both the 5' and 3' neighbor base pairs. The structure of the 1-BD duplex has been refined using molecular dynamics calculations restrained by NMR-derived distance and dihedral angle restraints. The increased stability of the 1,N(2)-epsilondG lesion in the absence of the complementary dC correlates with the one-base deletion extension product observed during the bypass of the 1,N(2)-epsilondG lesion by the Dpo4 polymerase, suggesting that stabilization of this bulged intermediate may be significant with regard to the biological processing of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in MolecularToxicology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Seneviratne U, Antsypovich S, Goggin M, Dorr DQ, Guza R, Moser A, Thompson C, York DM, Tretyakova N. Exocyclic deoxyadenosine adducts of 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane: synthesis, structural elucidation, and mechanistic studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:118-33. [PMID: 19883087 DOI: 10.1021/tx900312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane (DEB) is considered the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, an important industrial chemical and environmental pollutant present in urban air. Although it preferentially modifies guanine within DNA, DEB induces a large number of A --> T transversions, suggesting that it forms strongly mispairing lesions at adenine nucleobases. We now report the discovery of three potentially mispairing exocyclic adenine lesions of DEB: N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (compound 2), 1,N(6)-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylpropan-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (compound 3), and 1,N(6)-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxypropan-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (compound 4). The structures and stereochemistry of the novel DEB-dA adducts were determined by a combination of UV and NMR spectroscopy, tandem mass spectrometry, and independent synthesis. We found that synthetic N(6)-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxybut-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (compound 1) representing the product of N(6)-adenine alkylation by DEB spontaneously cyclizes to form 3 under aqueous conditions or 2 under anhydrous conditions in the presence of an organic base. Compound 3 can be interconverted with 4 by a reversible unimolecular pericyclic reaction favoring 4 as a more thermodynamically stable product. Both 3 and 4 are present in double stranded DNA treated with DEB in vitro and in liver DNA of laboratory mice exposed to 1,3-butadiene by inhalation. We propose that in DNA under physiological conditions, DEB alkylates the N-1 position of adenine in DNA to form N1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxybut-1-yl)-adenine adducts, which undergo an S(N)2-type intramolecular nucleophilic substitution and rearrangement to give 3 (minor) and 4 (major). Formation of exocyclic DEB-adenine lesions following exposure to 1,3-butadiene provides a possible mechanism of mutagenesis at the A:T base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthpala Seneviratne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Cadet J, Douki T, Ravanat JL, Di Mascio P. Sensitized formation of oxidatively generated damage to cellular DNA by UVA radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:903-11. [DOI: 10.1039/b905343n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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