1
|
Sweet MJ, Ramnath D, Singhal A, Kapetanovic R. Inducible antibacterial responses in macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01080-y. [PMID: 39294278 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages destroy bacteria and other microorganisms through phagocytosis-coupled antimicrobial responses, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species and the delivery of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes to the phagosome. However, many intracellular bacteria subvert these responses, escaping to other cellular compartments to survive and/or replicate. Such bacterial subversion strategies are countered by a range of additional direct antibacterial responses that are switched on by pattern-recognition receptors and/or host-derived cytokines and other factors, often through inducible gene expression and/or metabolic reprogramming. Our understanding of these inducible antibacterial defence strategies in macrophages is rapidly evolving. In this Review, we provide an overview of the broad repertoire of antibacterial responses that can be engaged in macrophages, including LC3-associated phagocytosis, metabolic reprogramming and antimicrobial metabolites, lipid droplets, guanylate-binding proteins, antimicrobial peptides, metal ion toxicity, nutrient depletion, autophagy and nitric oxide production. We also highlight key inducers, signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in driving these different antibacterial responses. Finally, we discuss how a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of antibacterial responses in macrophages might be exploited for developing host-directed therapies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amit Singhal
- Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Xu Z, Xia Y, Chen Z, Zong R, Meng Q, Wang W, Zhuang W, Meng X, Chen G. Characterization of an Escherichia coli phage Tequatrovirus YZ2 and its application in bacterial wound infection. Virology 2024; 597:110155. [PMID: 38943783 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) resulting from the excessive utilization of antibiotics necessitates the immediate exploration of alternative approaches to counteract pathogenic E. coli. Phages, with their unique antibacterial mechanisms, are considered promising candidates for treating bacterial infections. Herein, we isolated a lytic Escherichia phage Tequatrovirus YZ2 (phage YZ2), which belongs to the genus Tequatrovirus. The genome of phage YZ2 consists of 168,356 base pairs with a G + C content of 35.34% and 269 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Of these, 146 ORFs have been annotated as functional proteins associated with nucleotide metabolism, structure, transcription, DNA replication, translation, and lysis. In the mouse model of a skin wound infected by E. coli, phage YZ2 therapy significantly promoted the wound healing. Furthermore, histopathological analysis revealed reductions in IL-1β and TNF-α and increased VEGF levels, indicating the potential of phages as effective antimicrobial agents against E. coli infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Yinhe Xia
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Zhiling Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Rongling Zong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Qingye Meng
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Weijie Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China
| | - Wenzhen Zhuang
- Office of International Cooperation and Exchange, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, PR China.
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park H, Jin H, Kim D, Lee J. Cell-Free Systems: Ideal Platforms for Accelerating the Discovery and Production of Peptide-Based Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9109. [PMID: 39201795 PMCID: PMC11354240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based antibiotics (PBAs), including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic mimics, have received significant interest due to their diverse and unique bioactivities. The integration of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools has dramatically enhanced the discovery of enzymes, allowing researchers to identify specific genes and metabolic pathways responsible for producing novel PBAs more precisely. Cell-free systems (CFSs) that allow precise control over transcription and translation in vitro are being adapted, which accelerate the identification, characterization, selection, and production of novel PBAs. Furthermore, these platforms offer an ideal solution for overcoming the limitations of small-molecule antibiotics, which often lack efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens and contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we highlight recent examples of how CFSs streamline these processes while expanding our ability to access new antimicrobial agents that are effective against antibiotic-resistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea;
| | - Haneul Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (D.K.)
| | - Dayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (D.K.)
| | - Joongoo Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lekbua A, Thiruppathy D, Coker J, Weng Y, Askarian F, Kousha A, Marotz C, Hauw A, Nizet V, Zengler K. SkinCom, a synthetic skin microbial community, enables reproducible investigations of the human skin microbiome. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100832. [PMID: 39111313 PMCID: PMC11384088 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Existing models of the human skin have aided our understanding of skin health and disease. However, they currently lack a microbial component, despite microbes' demonstrated connections to various skin diseases. Here, we present a robust, standardized model of the skin microbial community (SkinCom) to support in vitro and in vivo investigations. Our methods lead to the formation of an accurate, reproducible, and diverse community of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Subsequent testing of SkinCom on the dorsal skin of mice allowed for DNA and RNA recovery from both the applied SkinCom and the dorsal skin, highlighting its practicality for in vivo studies and -omics analyses. Furthermore, 66% of the responses to common cosmetic chemicals in vitro were in agreement with a human trial. Therefore, SkinCom represents a valuable, standardized tool for investigating microbe-metabolite interactions and facilitates the experimental design of in vivo studies targeting host-microbe relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asama Lekbua
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deepan Thiruppathy
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joanna Coker
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yuhan Weng
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Armin Kousha
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Clarisse Marotz
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amber Hauw
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ledger EVK, Edwards AM. Host-induced cell wall remodeling impairs opsonophagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils. mBio 2024; 15:e0164324. [PMID: 39041819 PMCID: PMC11323798 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01643-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus responds to the host environment by increasing the thickness of its cell wall. However, the impact of cell wall thickening on susceptibility to host defenses is unclear. Using bacteria incubated in human serum, we show that host-induced increases in cell wall thickness led to a reduction in the exposure of bound antibody and complement and a corresponding reduction in phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils. The exposure of opsonins bound to protein antigens or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was most significantly reduced, while opsonization by IgG against wall teichoic acid or peptidoglycan was largely unaffected. Partial digestion of accumulated cell wall using the enzyme lysostaphin restored opsonin exposure and promoted phagocytosis and killing. Concordantly, the antibiotic fosfomycin inhibited cell wall remodeling and maintained the full susceptibility of S. aureus to opsonophagocytic killing by neutrophils. These findings reveal that host-induced changes to the S. aureus cell wall reduce the ability of the immune system to detect and kill this pathogen through reduced exposure of protein- and LTA-bound opsonins. IMPORTANCE Understanding how bacteria adapt to the host environment is critical in determining fundamental mechanisms of immune evasion, pathogenesis, and the identification of targets for new therapeutic approaches. Previous work demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus remodels its cell envelope in response to host factors and we hypothesized that this may affect recognition by antibodies and thus killing by immune cells. As expected, incubation of S. aureus in human serum resulted in rapid binding of antibodies. However, as bacteria adapted to the serum, the increase in cell wall thickness resulted in a significant reduction in exposure of bound antibodies. This reduced antibody exposure, in turn, led to reduced killing by human neutrophils. Importantly, while antibodies bound to some cell surface structures became obscured, this was not the case for those bound to wall teichoic acid, which may have important implications for vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V. K. Ledger
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Edwards
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He B, Li Y, Li M, Kang M, Liu X, Huang J, Wang D, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Pyridinium-Yne Click Polymerization: A Facile Strategy toward Functional Poly(Vinylpyridinium Salt)s with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Killing Ability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405030. [PMID: 38695837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials with antibacterial properties hold great promise for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant threat to public health. However, the synthesis of most antibacterial polymers typically involves complicated and time-consuming procedures. In this study, we demonstrate a simple and efficient strategy for synthesizing functional poly(vinylpyridinium salt)s via pyridinium-yne click polymerization. This click polymerization could proceed with high atom economy under mild conditions without any external catalyst, yielding soluble and thermally stable poly(vinylpyridinium salt)s with satisfactory molecular weights and well-defined structures in excellent yields. Additionally, the incorporation of luminescent units such as fluorene, tetraphenylethylene, and triphenylamine into the polymer backbone confers excellent aggregation-enhanced emission properties upon the resulting polymers, rendering them suitable for bacterial staining. Moreover, the existence of pyridinium salt imparts intrinsic antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria to the polymers, enabling them to effectively inhibit wound bacterial infection and significantly expedite the healing process. This work not only provides an efficient method to prepare antibacterial polymers, but also opens up the possibility of various applications of polymers in healthcare and other antibacterial fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benzhao He
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519085, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Research Center for AIE Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Meng Li
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiachang Huang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519085, China
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lueschow-Guijosa SR, Stanford AH, Berger JN, Gong H, Boly TJ, Jensen BA, Nordkild P, Leegwater AJ, Wehkamp J, Underwood MA, McElroy SJ. Host defense peptides human β defensin 2 and LL-37 ameliorate murine necrotizing enterocolitis. iScience 2024; 27:109993. [PMID: 38846005 PMCID: PMC11154634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of preterm infant morbidity and mortality. Treatment for NEC is limited and non-targeted, which makes new treatment and prevention strategies critical. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are essential components of the innate immune system and have multifactorial mechanisms in host defense. LL-37 and hBD2 are two HDPs that have been shown in prior literature to protect from neonatal sepsis-induced mortality or adult inflammatory bowel disease, respectively. Therefore, this article sought to understand if these two HDPs could influence NEC severity in murine preclinical models. NEC was induced in P14-16 C57Bl/6 mice and HDPs were provided as a pretreatment or treatment. Both LL-37 and hBD2 resulted in decreased NEC injury scores as a treatment and hBD2 as a pretreatment. Our data suggest LL-37 functions through antimicrobial properties, while hBD2 functions through decreases in inflammation and improvement of intestinal barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy H. Stanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Huiyu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Timothy J. Boly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin A.H. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven J. McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tajer L, Paillart JC, Dib H, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides in the Modern Era: An Updated Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1259. [PMID: 39065030 PMCID: PMC11279074 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health concern, resulting in a significant number of deaths annually due to infections that are resistant to treatment. Amidst this crisis, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics (ATBs). These cationic peptides, naturally produced by all kingdoms of life, play a crucial role in the innate immune system of multicellular organisms and in bacterial interspecies competition by exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. AMPs target bacterial pathogens through multiple mechanisms, most importantly by disrupting their membranes, leading to cell lysis. However, bacterial resistance to host AMPs has emerged due to a slow co-evolutionary process between microorganisms and their hosts. Alarmingly, the development of resistance to last-resort AMPs in the treatment of MDR infections, such as colistin, is attributed to the misuse of this peptide and the high rate of horizontal genetic transfer of the corresponding resistance genes. AMP-resistant bacteria employ diverse mechanisms, including but not limited to proteolytic degradation, extracellular trapping and inactivation, active efflux, as well as complex modifications in bacterial cell wall and membrane structures. This review comprehensively examines all constitutive and inducible molecular resistance mechanisms to AMPs supported by experimental evidence described to date in bacterial pathogens. We also explore the specificity of these mechanisms toward structurally diverse AMPs to broaden and enhance their potential in developing and applying them as therapeutics for MDR bacteria. Additionally, we provide insights into the significance of AMP resistance within the context of host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Tajer
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Department of Cell Culture, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (L.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Paillart
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, 2 Allée Konrad Roentgen, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Hanna Dib
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Department of Cell Culture, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (L.T.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Joyce LR, Kim S, Spencer BL, Christensen PM, Palmer KL, Guan Z, Siegenthaler JA, Doran KS. Streptococcus agalactiae glycolipids promote virulence by thwarting immune cell clearance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7848. [PMID: 38809989 PMCID: PMC11135403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae [group B Streptococcus (GBS)] is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis, with late-onset disease (LOD) occurring after gastrointestinal tract colonization in infants. Bacterial membrane lipids are essential for host-pathogen interactions, and the functions of glycolipids are yet to be fully elucidated. GBS synthesizes three major glycolipids: glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG), diglucosyl-DAG (Glc2-DAG), and lysyl-Glc-DAG (Lys-Glc-DAG). Here, we identify the enzyme, IagB, as responsible for biosynthesis of Glc-DAG, the precursor for the two other glycolipids in GBS. To examine the collective role of glycolipids to GBS virulence, we adapted a murine model of neonatal meningitis to simulate LOD. The GBS∆iagB mutant traversed the gut-epithelial barrier comparable to wild type but was severely attenuated in bloodstream survival, resulting in decreased bacterial loads in the brain. The GBS∆iagB mutant was more susceptible to neutrophil killing and membrane targeting by host antimicrobial peptides. This work reveals an unexplored function of GBS glycolipids with their ability to protect the bacterial cell from host antimicrobial killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Joyce
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brady L. Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Priya M. Christensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kelli L. Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie A. Siegenthaler
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sankar S, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. Deciphering the crosstalk between inflammation and biofilm in chronic wound healing: Phytocompounds loaded bionanomaterials as therapeutics. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103963. [PMID: 38425782 PMCID: PMC10904202 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In terms of the economics and public health, chronic wounds exert a significant detrimental impact on the health care system. Bacterial infections, which cause the formation of highly resistant biofilms that elude standard antibiotics, are the main cause of chronic, non-healing wounds. Numerous studies have shown that phytochemicals are effective in treating a variety of diseases, and traditional medicinal plants often include important chemical groups such alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, and fatty acids. These substances are essential for scavenging free radicals which helps in reducing inflammation, fending off infections, and hastening the healing of wounds. Bacterial species can survive in chronic wound conditions because biofilms employ quorum sensing as a communication technique which regulates the expression of virulence components. Fortunately, several phytochemicals have anti-QS characteristics that efficiently block QS pathways, prevent drug-resistant strains, and reduce biofilm development in chronic wounds. This review emphasizes the potential of phytocompounds as crucial agents for alleviating bacterial infections and promoting wound healing by reducing the inflammation in chronic wounds, exhibiting potential avenues for future therapeutic approaches to mitigate the healthcare burden provided by these challenging conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srivarshini Sankar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cavagnero KJ, Li F, Dokoshi T, Nakatsuji T, O’Neill AM, Aguilera C, Liu E, Shia M, Osuoji O, Hata T, Gallo RL. CXCL12+ dermal fibroblasts promote neutrophil recruitment and host defense by recognition of IL-17. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231425. [PMID: 38393304 PMCID: PMC10890925 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin provides an essential barrier for host defense through rapid action of multiple resident and recruited cell types, but the complex communication network governing these processes is incompletely understood. To define these cell-cell interactions more clearly, we performed an unbiased network analysis of mouse skin during invasive S. aureus infection and revealed a dominant role for CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets in neutrophil communication. These subsets predominantly reside in the reticular dermis, express adipocyte lineage markers, detect IL-17 and TNFα, and promote robust neutrophil recruitment through NFKBIZ-dependent release of CXCR2 ligands and CXCL12. Targeted deletion of Il17ra in mouse fibroblasts resulted in greatly reduced neutrophil recruitment and increased infection by S. aureus. Analogous human CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets abundantly express neutrophil chemotactic factors in psoriatic skin that are subsequently decreased upon therapeutic targeting of IL-17. These findings show that CXCL12+ dermal immune acting fibroblast subsets play a critical role in cutaneous neutrophil recruitment and host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellen J. Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Shia
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olive Osuoji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tissa Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakamura Y, Kulkarni NN, Takahashi T, Alimohamadi H, Dokoshi T, Liu E, Shia M, Numata T, Luo EW, Gombart AF, Yang X, Secrest P, Gordts PL, Tsimikas S, Wong GC, Gallo RL. Increased LL37 in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders promotes LDL uptake and atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172578. [PMID: 38194294 PMCID: PMC10904043 DOI: 10.1172/jci172578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and elevated levels of LL37, a cathelicidin host defense peptide that has both antimicrobial and proinflammatory properties. To explore whether LL37 could contribute to the risk of heart disease, we examined its effects on lipoprotein metabolism and show that LL37 enhanced LDL uptake in macrophages through the LDL receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1), and CD36. This interaction led to increased cytosolic cholesterol in macrophages and changes in expression of lipid metabolism genes consistent with increased cholesterol uptake. Structure-function analysis and synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering showed structural determinants of the LL37-LDL complex that underlie its ability to bind its receptors and promote uptake. This function of LDL uptake is unique to cathelicidins from humans and some primates and was not observed with cathelicidins from mice or rabbits. Notably, Apoe-/- mice expressing LL37 developed larger atheroma plaques than did control mice, and a positive correlation between plasma LL37 and oxidized phospholipid on apolipoprotein B (OxPL-apoB) levels was observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease. These findings provide evidence that LDL uptake can be increased via interaction with LL37 and may explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with chronic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Patrick Secrest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Gerard C.L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sistanizad M, Salarian S, Kouchek M, Shojaei S, Miri M, Masbough F. Effect of calcitriol supplementation on infectious biomarkers in patients with positive systemic inflammatory response: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:875-880. [PMID: 38333320 PMCID: PMC10849351 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is one of the common causes of hospitalization of patients in intensive care units. A significant role for vitamin D in sepsis has been proposed, which is due to its active metabolite, calcitriol. Aims Evaluate the effect of calcitriol supplementation on infectious biomarkers, including procalcitonin and presepsin. Methods Patients with sepsis were divided into intervention and control group. Patients in the intervention group received intravenous calcitriol daily for 3 days. The serum levels of procalcitonin and presepsin were evaluated on days 0, 3, and 5 after administration. Results Fifty-two SIRS-positive patients were evaluated. Baseline characteristics, changes in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and blood levels of vitamin D were not significantly different between the two groups. Procalcitonin levels on day 5 and the differences between day 5 and 0 were significantly lower in the intervention group (P = 0.02). Presepsin on the third and fifth days in the intervention group was reduced, but in the control group, there was an ascending trend. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups on days 3 and 5 (P = 0.17 and P = 0.06, respectively) or between days 3 as well as 5 and the baseline presepsin level (P = 0.93 and P = 0.92, respectively). The ICU length of stay and 28-day mortality did not differ significantly either between the two arms of the study. Conclusions Finally, the results of this study showed that the administration of intravenous calcitriol could reduce the levels of procalcitonin but did not have a significant effect on presepsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sistanizad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center
| | - Sara Salarian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Kouchek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedpouzhia Shojaei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MirMohammad Miri
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen L, Cheng J, Wang L, Fan W, Lu Z, Zheng L. A silver metal-organic cage with antibacterial activity for wound healing. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29043-29050. [PMID: 37799305 PMCID: PMC10548531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is one of the most threatening diseases in humans and can result in tissue necrosis, inflammation, and so on. Although a large number of antibacterial materials have been developed, there are still some disadvantages in this field, including decreasing antibacterial activity in the aqueous solution or a short duration of time. Herein, a metal-organic cage named Ag-TBI-TPE with excellent antibacterial activity was prepared and applied in wound healing. Owing to the photosensitive production of the toxic ROS species and the positive charge of the surface, the Ag-TBI-TPE cage exhibits high antibacterial activity, especially under UV irradiation. It could accelerate the healing process of the infected wounds in vivo with satisfactory biocompatibility and bio-safety. The results indicated that after treatment with the Ag-TBI-TPE cage, with and without UV irradiation, the healing rates of wounds infected by E. coli and S. aureus were 89.59% and 93.05%, and 83.48% and 90.84%, respectively, which were much higher than those shown by the positive control group at 51.38% and 67.74%, respectively. This study not only sheds light on a design idea for a new antibacterial material but also further expands the potential application field of metal-organic cages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- QuanZhou Medical College Quanzhou Fujian 362000 China
| | - Jing Cheng
- QuanZhou Medical College Quanzhou Fujian 362000 China
| | - Longjie Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Liyan Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Williams MR, Bagood MD, Enroth TJ, Bunch ZL, Jiang N, Liu E, Almoughrabie S, Khalil S, Li F, Brinton S, Cech NB, Horswill AR, Gallo RL. Staphylococcus epidermidis activates keratinocyte cytokine expression and promotes skin inflammation through the production of phenol-soluble modulins. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113024. [PMID: 37610872 PMCID: PMC10586132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common microbe on human skin and has beneficial functions in the skin microbiome. However, under conditions of allergic inflammation, the abundance of S. epidermidis increases, establishing potential danger to the epidermis. To understand how this commensal may injure the host, we investigate phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides produced by S. epidermidis that are similar to peptides produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Synthetic S. epidermidis PSMs induce expression of host defense genes and are cytotoxic to human keratinocytes. Deletion mutants of S. epidermidis lacking these gene products support these observations and further show that PSMs require the action of the EcpA bacterial protease to induce inflammation when applied on mouse skin with an intact stratum corneum. The expression of PSMδ from S. epidermidis is also found to correlate with disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis. These observations show how S. epidermidis PSMs can promote skin inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle D Bagood
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy J Enroth
- Department of Veterans Affairs Denver Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zoie L Bunch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Nina Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Samia Almoughrabie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shadi Khalil
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Samantha Brinton
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Veterans Affairs Denver Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jahan I, Kumar SD, Shin SY, Lee CW, Shin SH, Yang S. Multifunctional Properties of BMAP-18 and Its Aliphatic Analog against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1356. [PMID: 37895827 PMCID: PMC10609797 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BMAP-18, derived from the N-terminal region of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27, demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of BMAP-18, rich in aromatic phenylalanine residues, with its aliphatic analog, BMAP-18-FL. Both aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL exhibited equally potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Mechanistic investigations employing SYTOX green uptake, DNA binding, and FACScan analysis revealed that both peptides acted by inducing membrane permeabilization and subsequent intracellular targeting. Moreover, both BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MRSA and MDRPA. Notably, BMAP-18-FL displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to BMAP-18, significantly reducing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. This study emphasizes the similarities and differences in the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties between aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL, providing valuable insights for the development of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides against drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sukumar Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Heui Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakatsuji T, Brinton SL, Cavagnero KJ, O'Neill AM, Chen Y, Dokoshi T, Butcher AM, Osuoji OC, Shafiq F, Espinoza JL, Dupont CL, Hata TR, Gallo RL. Competition between skin antimicrobial peptides and commensal bacteria in type 2 inflammation enables survival of S. aureus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112494. [PMID: 37167061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, the skin deploys antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) yet during allergic inflammation it becomes more susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus. To understand this contradiction, single-cell sequencing of Il4ra-/- mice combined with skin microbiome analysis reveals that lower production of AMPs from interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) activation selectively inhibits survival of antibiotic-producing strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). Diminished AMPs under conditions of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation enable expansion of CoNS strains without antibiotic activity and increase Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), recapitulating the microbiome on humans with atopic dermatitis. This response is rescued in Camp-/- mice or after topical steroids, since further inhibition of AMPs enables survival of antibiotic-producing CoNS strains. In conditions of Th17 inflammation, a higher expression of host AMPs is sufficient to directly inhibit S. aureus survival. These results show that antimicrobials produced by the host and commensal bacteria each act to control S. aureus on the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samantha L Brinton
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kellen J Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan M O'Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna M Butcher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olive C Osuoji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Faiza Shafiq
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josh L Espinoza
- Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Tissa R Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen Y, Lin H, Yang M, Gong X, Guan B, Han Y, Wang S, Wang Y. Hierarchical Superstructure of Plant Polyphenol and Arginine Surfactant for Long-Lasting and Target-Selective Antimicrobial Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210936. [PMID: 36810927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are massively used to disinfect the pathogen contaminated surfaces since the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. However, their defects of poor durability, strong irritation, and high environmental accumulation are exposed. Herein, a convenient strategy is developed to fabricate long-lasting and target-selective antimicrobial agent with the special hierarchical structure through bottom-up assembly of natural gallic acid with arginine surfactant. The assembly starts from rodlike micelles, further stacking into hexagonal columns and finally interpenetrating into spherical assemblies, which avoid explosive release of antimicrobial units. The assemblies show anti-water washing and high adhesion on various surfaces; and thus, possess highly efficient and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities even after using up to eleven cycles. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that the assemblies are highly selective in killing pathogens without generating toxicity. The excellent antimicrobial virtues well satisfy the increasing anti-infection demands and the hierarchical assembly exhibits great potential as a clinical candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Lin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/ Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/ Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dalla Torre C, Sannio F, Battistella M, Docquier JD, De Zotti M. Peptaibol Analogs Show Potent Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097997. [PMID: 37175704 PMCID: PMC10178204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New classes of antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to address the global issue of antibiotic resistance. In this context, peptaibols are promising membrane-active peptides since they are not involved in innate immunity and their antimicrobial activity does not involve specific cellular targets, therefore reducing the chance of bacterial resistance development. Trichogin GA IV is a nonhemolytic, natural, short-length peptaibol active against Gram-positive bacteria and resistant to proteolysis. In this work, we report on the antibacterial activity of cationic trichogin analogs. Several peptides appear non-hemolytic and strongly active against many clinically relevant bacterial species, including antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against which there are only a limited number of antibiotics under development. Our results further highlight how the modification of natural peptides is a valuable strategy for obtaining improved antibacterial agents with potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dalla Torre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Battistella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines-UR InBioS, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duarte-Mata DI, Salinas-Carmona MC. Antimicrobial peptides´ immune modulation role in intracellular bacterial infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119574. [PMID: 37056758 PMCID: PMC10086130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria cause a wide range of diseases, and their intracellular lifestyle makes infections difficult to resolve. Furthermore, standard therapy antibiotics are often unable to eliminate the infection because they have poor cellular uptake and do not reach the concentrations needed to kill bacteria. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising therapeutic approach. AMPs are short cationic peptides. They are essential components of the innate immune response and important candidates for therapy due to their bactericidal properties and ability to modulate host immune responses. AMPs control infections through their diverse immunomodulatory effects stimulating and/or boosting immune responses. This review focuses on AMPs described to treat intracellular bacterial infections and the known immune mechanisms they influence.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu S, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Screening of a short chain antimicrobial peptide-LKLHI and its application in hydrogels for wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124056. [PMID: 36948339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial peptides have been widely used in the field of antibacterial due to their biocompatibility. In this work, owing to quickly screen out peptides with antibacterial effects, the bacterial membranes of E. coli and S. aureus were extracted and fixed on self-made silica gel microspheres to prepare bacterial membrane chromatography stationary phase. We successfully screened antimicrobial peptides from a peptide library composed of one-bead-one-compound by bacterial membrane chromatography. The antibacterial peptide has an effective defense effect on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. In addition, the antibacterial peptide has almost no hemolysis and cytotoxicity and other excellent biocompatibility and has excellent properties such as stability, broad-spectrum antibacterial, and promotion of wound healing,and HA hydrogel carrier loaded with antimicrobial peptides was prepared, which provided the application direction of antimicrobial dressings for antimicrobial peptides. In summary, this method can screen out polypeptides with antibacterial effects, and the screened-out antibacterial peptides are expected to be applied in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Li J, Shen Z, Wang D, Tang BZ. Phospholipid-Mimetic Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Specific Elimination of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4239-4249. [PMID: 36802498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise elimination of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria greatly contributes to the fight against bacterial infection but remains challenging. Herein, we present a series of phospholipid-mimetic aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) that selectively kill bacteria by capitalizing on both the different structure of two bacterial membrane and the regulated length of substituted alkyl chains of AIEgens. Because of the positive charges that they contain, these AIEgens are able to kill bacteria by anchoring onto the bacterial membrane. For AIEgens with short alkyl chains, they could combine with the membrane of Gram-positive bacteria other than Gram-negative bacteria, because of their complicated outer layers, thus exhibiting selective ablation to Gram-positive bacteria. On the other hand, AIEgens with long alkyl chains have strong hydrophobicity with bacterial membranes, as well as large sizes. This inhibits the combination with Gram-positive bacterial membrane but destroys the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in selective ablation to Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the combined processes to two bacteria are clearly observed by fluorescent imaging, and in vitro and in vivo experiments show the extraordinary antibacterial selectivity toward a Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium. This work could facilitate the development of species-specific antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zipeng Shen
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antiviral Peptides in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings—From Current Techniques to Potential Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030640. [PMID: 36992349 PMCID: PMC10051592 DOI: 10.3390/v15030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens through contact with contaminated surfaces is an important route for the spread of infections. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 highlights the necessity to attenuate surface-mediated transmission. Currently, the disinfection and sanitization of surfaces are commonly performed in this regard. However, there are some disadvantages associated with these practices, including the development of antibiotic resistance, viral mutation, etc.; hence, a better strategy is necessary. In recent years, peptides have been studied to be utilized as a potential alternative. They are part of the host immune defense and have many potential in vivo applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, immunomodulation, etc. Additionally, the ability of peptides to interact with different molecules and membrane surfaces of microorganisms has made it possible to exploit them in ex vivo applications such as antimicrobial (antibacterial and antiviral) coatings. Although antibacterial peptide coatings have been studied extensively and proven to be effective, antiviral coatings are a more recent development. Therefore, this study aims to highlight antiviral coating strategies and the current practices and application of antiviral coating materials in personal protective equipment, healthcare devices, and textiles and surfaces in public settings. Here, we have presented a review on potential techniques to incorporate peptides in current surface coating strategies that will serve as a guide for developing cost-effective, sustainable and coherent antiviral surface coatings. We further our discussion to highlight some challenges of using peptides as a surface coating material and to examine future perspectives.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Unlike other Candida species that colonize the gut, C. auris efficiently colonizes the skin and contaminates the patient's environment, resulting in rapid nosocomial transmission and outbreaks of systemic infections. As the largest organ of the body, the skin harbors beneficial microbiota that play a critical role to protect from invading pathogens. However, the role of skin microbiota in the colonization and pathogenesis of C. auris remains to be explored. With this perspective, we review and discuss recent insights into skin microbiota and their potential interactions with the immune system in the context of C. auris skin colonization. Understanding microbiota, C. auris, and host interactions in the skin is important to develop microbiome-based therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat this emerging fungal pathogen in humans.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li T, Wang Z, Guo J, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Wang J, Han B, Tao H, Liu J, Wang X. Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: Mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160461. [PMID: 36435256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spread of bacterial drug resistance has posed a severe threat to public health globally. Here, we cover bacterial resistance to current antibacterial drugs, including traditional herbal medicines, conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides. We summarize the influence of bacterial drug resistance on global health and its economic burden while highlighting the resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria. Based on the One Health concept, we propose 4A strategies to combat bacterial resistance, including prudent Application of antibacterial agents, Administration, Assays, and Alternatives to antibiotics. Finally, we identify several opportunities and unsolved questions warranting future exploration for combating bacterial resistance, such as predicting genetic bacterial resistance through the use of more effective techniques, surveying both genetic determinants of bacterial resistance and the transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hui Tao
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu T, Lu Y, Zhan R, Qian W, Luo G. Nanomaterials and nanomaterials-based drug delivery to promote cutaneous wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 193:114670. [PMID: 36538990 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Various factors could damage the structure and integrity of skin to cause wounds. Nonhealing or chronic wounds seriously affect the well-being of patients and bring heavy burdens to the society. The past few decades have witnessed application of numerous nanomaterials to promote wound healing. Owing to the unique physicochemical characteristics at nanoscale, nanomaterials-based therapy has been regarded as a potential approach to promote wound healing. In this review, we first overview the wound categories, wound healing process and critical influencing factors. Then applications of nanomaterials with intrinsic therapeutic effect and nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems to promote wound healing are addressed in detail. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives of nanomaterials in wound healing are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Choi MC, Jo J, Lee M, Park J, Yao TP, Park Y. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide mediates skeletal muscle degeneration caused by injury and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3091-3105. [PMID: 36059045 PMCID: PMC9745559 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide, plays a key role in regulating bacterial killing and innate immunity; however, its role in skeletal muscle function is unknown. We investigated the potential role of cathelicidin in skeletal muscle pathology resulting from acute injury and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in mice. METHODS Expression changes and muscular localization of mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (Cramp) were examined in the skeletal muscle of normal mice treated with chemicals (cardiotoxin and BaCl2 ) or in dystrophic muscle of DMD mouse models (mdx, mdx/Utrn+/- and mdx/Utrn-/- ). Cramp penetration into myofibres and effects on muscle damage were studied by treating synthetic peptides to mouse skeletal muscles or C2C12 myotubes. Cramp knockout (KO) mice and mdx/Utrn/Cramp KO lines were used to determine whether Cramp mediates muscle degeneration. Muscle pathophysiology was assessed by histological methods, serum analysis, grip strength and lifespan. Molecular factors targeted by Cramp were identified by the pull-down assay and proteomic analysis. RESULTS In response to acute muscle injury, Cramp was activated in muscle-infiltrating neutrophils and internalized into myofibres. Cramp treatments of mouse skeletal muscles or C2C12 myotubes resulted in muscle degeneration and myotube damage, respectively. Genetic ablation of Cramp reduced neutrophil infiltration and ameliorated muscle pathology, such as fibre size (P < 0.001; n = 6) and fibrofatty infiltration (P < 0.05). Genetic reduction of Cramp in mdx/Utrn+/- mice not only attenuated muscle damage (35%, P < 0.05; n = 9-10), myonecrosis (53%, P < 0.05), inflammation (37-65%, P < 0.01) and fibrosis (14%, P < 0.05) but also restored muscle fibre size (14%, P < 0.05) and muscle force (18%, P < 0.05). Reducing Cramp levels led to a 63% (male, P < 0.05; n = 10-14) and a 124% (female, P < 0.001; n = 20) increase in the lifespan of mdx/Utrn-/- mice. Proteomic and mechanistic studies revealed that Cramp cross-talks with Ca2+ signalling in skeletal muscle through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase1 (SERCA1). Cramp binds and inactivates SERCA1, leading to the activation of Ca2+ -dependent calpain proteases that exacerbate DMD progression. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify Cramp as an immune cell-derived regulator of skeletal muscle degeneration and provide a potential therapeutic target for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myeongjin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jonggwan Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Tso-Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhong Q, Duan C, Krutmann J, Wang J, Xia J. Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:363-382. [PMID: 36939800 PMCID: PMC9712873 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe-microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host-microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Jiucun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma L, Zhang Z, Li L, Zhang L, Lin Z, Qin H. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy: Evidence from a meta-analysis based on observational studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1016592. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common microbiological syndrome in women of childbearing age, causing numerous adverse health issues in pregnant women. Several observational studies have discussed the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of BV during pregnancy, but the results were inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and BV risk in pregnant women.Materials and methodsWe searched four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from their inception to July 2022. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random effects models. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses to identify the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the method of exclusion, one study at a time. Publication bias was examined using Egger’s test and funnel plot.ResultsA total of 14 studies from 13 articles including 4,793 participants were eligible for this meta-analysis. The outcome showed that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of BV during pregnancy by 54% (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25–1.91; P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, positive associations were also found in studies that were: conducted in black women (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.98–2.48; P = 0.060), focused on the first trimester of pregnancy (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.35–3.64; P = 0.002), of high quality (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.26–7.41; P = 0.014), and adjusted for confounders (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06–1.55; P = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis reported that BV risk during pregnancy resulting from vitamin D deficiency increased by 157% (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.50–4.42; P = 0.001) when removing the first two high-weight studies. Publication bias was observed using Egger’s test (t = 3.43, P = 0.005) and a visual funnel plot.ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency is positively associated with the risk of BV during pregnancy. Further high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D intake reduces the prevalence of BV in pregnant women.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang T, An W, Sun J, Duan F, Shao Z, Zhang F, Jiang T, Deng X, Boyer C, Gao W. N-Terminal Lysozyme Conjugation to a Cationic Polymer Enhances Antimicrobial Activity and Overcomes Antimicrobial Resistance. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8294-8303. [PMID: 36239583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is one of the greatest global healthcare challenges. There is an urgent need to develop effective strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance. We, herein, report photoinduced in situ growth of a cationic polymer from the N-terminus of lysozyme. The attachment of the cationic polymer improves the proteolytic and thermal stability of lysozyme. Notably, the conjugate can efficiently overcome lysozyme resistance in Gram-positive bacteria and antibiotics-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which may be ascribed to the synergistic interactions of lysozyme and the cationic polymer with the bacteria to disrupt their cell membranes. In a rat periodontitis model, the lysozyme-polymer conjugate not only greatly outperforms lysozyme in therapeutic efficacy but also is superior to minocycline hydrochloride, which is the gold standard for periodontitis therapy. These findings may provide an efficient strategy to dramatically enhance the antimicrobial activities of lysozyme and pave a way to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei An
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Health Science Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Duan
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeyu Shao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Weiping Gao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Health Science Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liang W, Yu Q, Zheng Z, Liu J, Cai Q, Liu S, Lin S. Design and Synthesis of Phenyl Sulfide-Based Cationic Amphiphiles as Membrane-Targeting Antimicrobial Agents against Gram-Positive Pathogens. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14221-14236. [PMID: 36256884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and the lack of new antibacterial agents, it has become urgent to discover and develop new antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as the first line of defense for the host. In this work, we have designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a series of phenyl sulfide derivatives by biomimicking the structural features and biological functions of AMPs. Among these derivatives, the most promising compound 17 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentrations = 0.39-1.56 μg/mL), low hemolytic activity (HC50 > 200 μg/mL), and high membrane selectivity. In addition, 17 can rapidly kill Gram-positive bacteria within 0.5 h through membrane-targeting action and avoid antibiotic resistance. More importantly, 17 showed high in vivo efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus in a murine corneal infection model. Therefore, 17 has great potential as a lead compound for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zixian Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qiongna Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shouping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shuimu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saini J, Kaur P, Malik N, Lakhawat SS, Sharma PK. Antimicrobial peptides: A promising tool to combat multidrug resistance in SARS CoV2 era. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127206. [PMID: 36162150 PMCID: PMC9491010 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), a life-threatening viral infection, is caused by a highly pathogenic virus named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Currently, no treatment is available for COVID-19; hence there is an urgent need to find effective therapeutic drugs to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the fact that the world is facing a major issue of antimicrobial drug resistance, naturally occurring compounds have the potential to achieve this goal. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring antimicrobial agents which are effective against a wide variety of microbial infections. Therefore, the use of AMPs is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review sheds light on the potential of antimicrobial peptides as antiviral agents followed by a comprehensive description of effective antiviral peptides derived from various natural sources found to be effective against SARS-CoV and other respiratory viruses. It also highlights the mechanisms of action of antiviral peptides with special emphasis on their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pritpal Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bicarbonate Effects on Antibacterial Immunity and Mucus Glycobiology in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: A Review With Selected Experimental Observations. INFECTIOUS MICROBES & DISEASES 2022; 4:103-110. [PMID: 36793929 PMCID: PMC9928163 DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) is abnormal chloride and bicarbonate transport in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) epithelial ion channel. The apical surface of the respiratory tract is lined by an airway surface liquid layer (ASL) composed of mucin comprising mainly MUC5A and MUC5B glycoproteins. ASL homeostasis depends on sodium bicarbonate secretion into the airways and secretion deficits alter mucus properties leading to airway obstruction, inflammation, and infections. Downstream effects of abnormal ion transport in the lungs include altered intrinsic immune defenses. We observed that neutrophils killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa more efficiently when it had been exposed to sodium bicarbonate, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils was augmented in the presence of increasing bicarbonate concentrations. Physiological levels of bicarbonate sensitized P. aeruginosa to the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, which is present in both lung ASL and in NETs. Sodium bicarbonate has various uses in clinical medicine and in the care of CF patients, and could be further explored as a therapeutic adjunct against Pseudomonas infections.
Collapse
|
35
|
Smith KJ, Minns D, McHugh BJ, Holloway RK, O’Connor R, Williams A, Melrose L, McPherson R, Miron VE, Davidson DJ, Gwyer Findlay E. The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin drives development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by affecting Th17 differentiation. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001554. [PMID: 36026478 PMCID: PMC9455863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly prevalent demyelinating autoimmune condition; the mechanisms regulating its severity and progression are unclear. The IL-17-producing Th17 subset of T cells has been widely implicated in MS and in the mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the differentiation and regulation of Th17 cells during EAE remain incompletely understood. Although evidence is mounting that the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin profoundly affects early T cell differentiation, no studies have looked at its role in longer-term T cell responses. Now, we report that cathelicidin drives severe EAE disease. It is released from neutrophils, microglia, and endothelial cells throughout disease; its interaction with T cells potentiates Th17 differentiation in lymph nodes and Th17 to exTh17 plasticity and IFN-γ production in the spinal cord. As a consequence, mice lacking cathelicidin are protected from severe EAE. In addition, we show that cathelicidin is produced by the same cell types in the active brain lesions in human MS disease. We propose that cathelicidin exposure results in highly activated, cytokine-producing T cells, which drive autoimmunity; this is a mechanism through which neutrophils amplify inflammation in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Smith
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Minns
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J. McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K. Holloway
- Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O’Connor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Melrose
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoanne McPherson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique E. Miron
- Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J. Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Smith KJ, Gwyer Findlay E. Expression of antimicrobial host defence peptides in the central nervous system during health and disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac003. [PMID: 38566904 PMCID: PMC10917193 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial host defence peptides (HDP) are critical for the first line of defence against bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Over the past decade we have become more aware that, in addition to their antimicrobial roles, they also possess the potent immunomodulatory capacity. This includes chemoattracting immune cells, activating dendritic cells and macrophages, and altering T-cell differentiation. Most examinations of their immunomodulatory roles have focused on tissues in which they are very abundant, such as the intestine and the inflamed skin. However, HDP have now been detected in the brain and the spinal cord during a number of conditions. We propose that their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) during homeostasis, infection, and neurodegenerative disease has the potential to contribute to immunosurveillance, alter host responses and skew developing immunity. Here, we review the evidence for HDP expression and function in the CNS in health and disease. We describe how a wide range of HDP are expressed in the CNS of humans, rodents, birds, and fish, suggesting a conserved role in protecting the brain from pathogens, with evidence of production by resident CNS cells. We highlight differences in methodology used and how this may have resulted in the immunomodulatory roles of HDP being overlooked. Finally, we discuss what HDP expression may mean for CNS immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Smith
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Choi M, Cho HS, Ahn B, Prathap S, Nagasundarapandian S, Park C. Genomewide Analysis and Biological Characterization of Cathelicidins with Potent Antimicrobial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity from Three Bat Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:989. [PMID: 35892379 PMCID: PMC9330922 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are potent antimicrobial peptides with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in many vertebrates and an important component of the innate immune system. However, our understanding of the genetic variations and biological characteristics of bat cathelicidins is limited. In this study, we performed genome-level analysis of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins from seven bat species in the six families, listed 19 cathelicidin-like sequences, and showed that the number of functional cathelicidin genes differed among bat species. Based on the identified biochemical characteristics of bat cathelicidins, three cathelicidins, HA-CATH (from Hipposideros armiger), ML-CATH (from Myotis lucifugus), and PD-CATH (from Phyllostomus discolor), with clear antimicrobial signatures were chemically synthesized and evaluated antimicrobial activity. HA-CATH showed narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity against a panel of 12 reference bacteria, comprising 6 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive strains. However, ML-CATH and PD-CATH showed potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 and 3 μg/mL, respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus. ML-CATH and PD-CATH also showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus cuniculi with MIC of 5 to 40 μg/mL, respectively, and 80% inhibition of the metabolism of Mucor hiemalis hyphae at 80 μg/mL, while displaying minimal cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. Taken together, although the spectrum and efficacy of bat cathelicidins were species-dependent, the antimicrobial activity of ML-CATH and PD-CATH was comparable to that of other highly active cathelicidins in vertebrates while having negligible cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. ML-CATH and PD-CATH can be exploited as promising candidates for the development of antimicrobial therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.C.); (H.-s.C.); (B.A.); (S.P.); (S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kolesinski P, Wang KC, Hirose Y, Nizet V, Ghosh P. An M protein coiled coil unfurls and exposes its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37. eLife 2022; 11:e77989. [PMID: 35726694 PMCID: PMC9212996 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated, coiled-coil M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) disable human immunity through interaction with select proteins. However, coiled coils lack features typical of protein-protein interaction sites, and it is therefore challenging to understand how M proteins achieve specific binding, for example, with the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, leading to its neutralization. The crystal structure of a complex of LL-37 with M87 protein, an antigenic M protein variant from a strain that is an emerging threat, revealed a novel interaction mode. The M87 coiled coil unfurled and asymmetrically exposed its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37. A single LL-37 molecule was bound by M87 in the crystal, but in solution additional LL-37 molecules were recruited, consistent with a 'protein trap' neutralization mechanism. The interaction mode visualized crystallographically was verified to contribute significantly to LL-37 resistance in an M87 Strep A strain and was identified to be conserved in a number of other M protein types that are prevalent in human populations. Our results provide specific detail for therapeutic inhibition of LL-37 neutralization by M proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kolesinski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Kuei-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yujiro Hirose
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Block H, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. The Fatal Circle of NETs and NET-Associated DAMPs Contributing to Organ Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:1919. [PMID: 35741047 PMCID: PMC9222025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens or sterile injuries. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) sense molecules released from inflamed or damaged cells, or foreign molecules resulting from invading pathogens. PRRs can in turn induce inflammatory responses, comprising the generation of cytokines or chemokines, which further induce immune cell recruitment. Neutrophils represent an essential factor in the early immune response and fulfill numerous tasks to fight infection or heal injuries. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is part of it and was originally attributed to the capture and elimination of pathogens. In the last decade studies revealed a detrimental role of NETs during several diseases, often correlated with an exaggerated immune response. Overwhelming inflammation in single organs can induce remote organ damage, thereby further perpetuating release of inflammatory molecules. Here, we review recent findings regarding damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which are able to induce NET formation, as well as NET components known to act as DAMPs, generating a putative fatal circle of inflammation contributing to organ damage and sequentially occurring remote organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (H.B.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
LaRock DL, Johnson AF, Wilde S, Sands JS, Monteiro MP, LaRock CN. Group A Streptococcus induces GSDMA-dependent pyroptosis in keratinocytes. Nature 2022; 605:527-531. [PMID: 35545676 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a family of pore-forming effectors that permeabilize the cell membrane during the cell death program pyroptosis1. GSDMs are activated by proteolytic removal of autoinhibitory carboxy-terminal domains, typically by caspase regulators1-9. However, no activator is known for one member of this family, GSDMA. Here we show that the major human pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS) secretes a protease virulence factor, SpeB, that induces GSDMA-dependent pyroptosis. SpeB cleavage of GSDMA releases an active amino-terminal fragment that can insert into membranes to form lytic pores. GSDMA is primarily expressed in the skin10, and keratinocytes infected with SpeB-expressing GAS die of GSDMA-dependent pyroptosis. Mice have three homologues of human GSDMA, and triple-knockout mice are more susceptible to invasive infection by a pandemic hypervirulent M1T1 clone of GAS. These results indicate that GSDMA is critical in the immune defence against invasive skin infections by GAS. Furthermore, they show that GSDMs can act independently of host regulators as direct sensors of exogenous proteases. As SpeB is essential for tissue invasion and survival within skin cells, these results suggest that GSDMA can act akin to a guard protein that directly detects concerning virulence activities of microorganisms that present a severe infectious threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris L LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anders F Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shyra Wilde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenna S Sands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcos P Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Groeger S, Zhou Y, Ruf S, Meyle J. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Fusobacterium nucleatum on Oral Epithelial Cells. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:831607. [PMID: 35478496 PMCID: PMC9037381 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.831607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory disease and may cause tooth loss in adults. Oral epithelial cells provide a barrier for bacteria and participate in the immune response. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is one of the common inhabitants of the oral cavity and has been identified as a potential etiologic bacterial agent of oral diseases, such as periodontitis and oral carcinomas. F. nucleatum has been shown to be of importance in the development of diverse human cancers. In the dental biofilm, it exhibits a structural role as a bridging organism, connecting primary colonizers to the largely anaerobic secondary colonizers. It expresses adhesins and is able to induce host cell responses, including the upregulation of defensins and the release of chemokines and interleukins. Like other microorganisms, its detection is achieved through germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). By identification of the pathogenic mechanisms of F. nucleatum it will be possible to develop effective methods for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases in which a F. nucleatum infection is involved. This review summarizes the recent progress in research targeting F. nucleatum and its impact on oral epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sabine Groeger
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Endogenous cathelicidin is required for protection against ZIKV-caused testis damage via inactivating virons. Antiviral Res 2022; 198:105248. [PMID: 35038500 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidins have been shown to effectively inhibit flavivirus replication in vitro. However, the effects of mouse and human endogenous cathelicidins on flavivirus infection in vivo are rarely known. We herein found that mouse endogenous cathelicidin CRAMP was significantly up-regulated upon Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. CRAMP deficiency markedly exacerbated ZIKV replication in testis, and aggravated ZIKV-induced testicular damage and ZIKV-induced spermatic damage in mice, indicating that endogenous cathelicidin is required for protection against ZIKV-caused male infertility in mice. In vitro antiviral assay showed that both mouse cathelidin CRAMP and human cathelicidin LL-37 obviously reduced ZIKV-caused cytopathic effect and inhibited ZIKV replication in Vero cells. Antiviral mechanism revealed that they both directly inactivated ZIKV virons by binding to ZIKV virons and inducing the leakage of ZIKV genomic RNA, consequently inactivated ZIKV virons. In vivo antiviral assay indicated that both of them effectively inhibited ZIKV replication in C57BL/6J and IFNα/β receptor-deficient (Ifnar1-/-) mice when CRAMP or LL-37 was intravenously injected in parallel with or at 1 h after intravenous injection of ZIKV, implying that mouse cathelidin CRAMP and human cathelicidin LL-37 effectively inactivated ZIKV particles and exhibited therapeutic potential against ZIKV infection in vivo. Our findings reveal that endogenous cahtelicidin CRAMP and LL-37 act as inactivators of ZIKV, and effectively protect against ZIKV replication and ZIKV-induced male infertility, highlighting their potential for therapy of ZIKV infection.
Collapse
|
43
|
The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 triggers release of apoptosis-inducing factor and shows direct effects on mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101192. [PMID: 34988298 PMCID: PMC8695256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 permeabilizes the plasma membrane of host cells, but LL-37-induced direct effects on mitochondrial membrane permeability and function has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that LL-37 is rapidly (within 20 min) internalized by human osteoblast-like MG63 cells, and that the peptide co-localizes with MitoTracker arguing for accumulation in mitochondria. Subcellular fractionation and Western blot disclose that stimulation with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h triggers release of the mitochondrial protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytosol, whereas LL-37 causes no release of cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that LL-37 affects mitochondrial membrane permeability in a specific manner. Next, we investigated release of AIF and cytochrome C from isolated mitochondria by measuring immunoreactivity by dot blot. The media of mitochondria treated with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h contained 50% more AIF and three times more cytochrome C than that of control mitochondria, showing that LL-37 promotes release of both AIF and cytochrome C. Moreover, in vesicles reflecting mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, LL-37 stimulates membrane permeabilization and release of tracer molecules. We conclude that LL-37 is rapidly internalized by MG63 cells and accumulates in mitochondria, and that the peptide triggers release of pro-apoptotic AIF and directly affects mitochondrial membrane structural properties. LL-37 is internalized by osteoblast-like MG63 cells LL-37 accumulates in mitochondria LL-37 triggers release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria LL-37 permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance constitutes a global threat and could lead to a future pandemic. One strategy is to develop a new generation of antimicrobials. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are recognized templates and some are already in clinical use. To accelerate the discovery of new antibiotics, it is useful to predict novel AMPs from the sequenced genomes of various organisms. The antimicrobial peptide database (APD) provided the first empirical peptide prediction program. It also facilitated the testing of the first machine-learning algorithms. This chapter provides an overview of machine-learning predictions of AMPs. Most of the predictors, such as AntiBP, CAMP, and iAMPpred, involve a single-label prediction of antimicrobial activity. This type of prediction has been expanded to antifungal, antiviral, antibiofilm, anti-TB, hemolytic, and anti-inflammatory peptides. The multiple functional roles of AMPs annotated in the APD also enabled multi-label predictions (iAMP-2L, MLAMP, and AMAP), which include antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antibiofilm, anticancer, anti-HIV, antimalarial, insecticidal, antioxidant, chemotactic, spermicidal activities, and protease inhibiting activities. Also considered in predictions are peptide posttranslational modification, 3D structure, and microbial species-specific information. We compare important amino acids of AMPs implied from machine learning with the frequently occurring residues of the major classes of natural peptides. Finally, we discuss advances, limitations, and future directions of machine-learning predictions of antimicrobial peptides. Ultimately, we may assemble a pipeline of such predictions beyond antimicrobial activity to accelerate the discovery of novel AMP-based antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA;,Corresponding to: Dr. Monique van Hoek: ; Dr. Iosif Vaisman: ; Dr. Guangshun Wang:
| | - Iosif I. Vaisman
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.,Corresponding to: Dr. Monique van Hoek: ; Dr. Iosif Vaisman: ; Dr. Guangshun Wang:
| | - Monique L. van Hoek
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.,Corresponding to: Dr. Monique van Hoek: ; Dr. Iosif Vaisman: ; Dr. Guangshun Wang:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rebuffat S. Ribosomally synthesized peptides, foreground players in microbial interactions: recent developments and unanswered questions. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:273-310. [PMID: 34755755 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is currently well established that multicellular organisms live in tight association with complex communities of microorganisms including a large number of bacteria. These are immersed in complex interaction networks reflecting the relationships established between them and with host organisms; yet, little is known about the molecules and mechanisms involved in these mutual interactions. Ribosomally synthesized peptides, among which bacterial antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins and microcins have been identified as contributing to host-microbe interplays, are either unmodified or post-translationally modified peptides. This review will unveil current knowledge on these ribosomal peptide-based natural products, their interplay with the host immune system, and their roles in microbial interactions and symbioses. It will include their major structural characteristics and post-translational modifications, the main rules of their maturation pathways, and the principal ecological functions they ensure (communication, signalization, competition), especially in symbiosis, taking select examples in various organisms. Finally, we address unanswered questions and provide a framework for deciphering big issues inspiring future directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dokoshi T, Seidman JS, Cavagnero KJ, Li F, Liggins MC, Taylor BC, Olvera J, Knight R, Chang JT, Salzman NH, Gallo RL. Skin inflammation activates intestinal stromal fibroblasts and promotes colitis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147614. [PMID: 34720087 DOI: 10.1172/jci147614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the skin are frequently associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). To explore mechanisms by which these organs communicate, we performed single-cell RNA-Seq analysis on fibroblasts from humans and mice with IBD. This analysis revealed that intestinal inflammation promoted differentiation of a subset of intestinal stromal fibroblasts into preadipocytes with innate antimicrobial host defense activity. Furthermore, this process of reactive adipogenesis was exacerbated if mouse skin was inflamed as a result of skin wounding or infection. Since hyaluronan (HA) catabolism is activated during skin injury and fibroblast-to-adipocyte differentiation is dependent on HA, we tested the hypothesis that HA fragments could alter colon fibroblast function by targeted expression of human hyaluronidase-1 in basal keratinocytes from mouse skin. Hyaluronidase expression in the skin activated intestinal stromal fibroblasts, altered the fecal microbiome, and promoted excessive reactive adipogenesis and increased inflammation in the colon after challenge with dextran sodium sulfate. The response to digested HA was dependent on expression of TLR4 by preadipocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that the association between skin inflammation and IBD may be due to recognition by mesenchymal fibroblasts in the colon of HA released during inflammation of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Nita H Salzman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gong T, Fu J, Shi L, Chen X, Zong X. Antimicrobial Peptides in Gut Health: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:751010. [PMID: 34660671 PMCID: PMC8514777 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.751010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), known as broad-spectrum and high-efficiency antibacterial activity, are important effector molecules in innate immune system. AMPs not only have antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor effects but also exhibit important effects in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory response, recruiting immune cells, promoting epithelial damage repair, and promoting phagocytosis of bacteria. However, research on the application of AMPs is incomplete and controversial. This review mainly introduces the classification of AMPs, biological functions, as well as the mechanisms of action, expression rules, and nutrition regulation from three perspectives, aiming to provide important information for the application of AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lexuan Shi
- Guangzhou Dublin International College of Life Sciences and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Perez-Perez DA, Villanueva-Ramirez TDJ, Hernandez-Pedraza AE, Casillas-Vega NG, Gonzalez-Barranco P, Zarate X. The Small Metal-Binding Protein SmbP Simplifies the Recombinant Expression and Purification of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1271. [PMID: 34680851 PMCID: PMC8532731 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The cathelicidin peptide LL-37 is a prominent molecule with many biological activities, including antimicrobial. Due to its importance, here, we describe the production of LL-37 tagged with SmbP, a relatively new carrier protein that improves the production of recombinant proteins and peptides in Escherichia coli. We present an alternative method for the rapid expression, purification, and antimicrobial evaluation of LL-37, that involves only one purification step. (2) Methods: A DNA construct of SmbP_LL-37 was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3); after overnight expression, the protein was purified directly from the cell lysate using immobilized metal-affinity chromatography. SmbP_LL-37 was treated with Enterokinase to obtain the free LL-37 peptide. The antimicrobial activity of both SmbP_LL-37 and free LL-37 was determined using the colony forming unit assay method. (3) Results: SmbP_LL-37 was observed in the soluble fraction of the cell lysate; after purification with IMAC, protein gel electrophoresis, and analysis by ImageJ, it showed 90% purity. A total of 3.6 mg of SmbP_LL-37 was produced from one liter of cell culture. SmbP_LL-37 and free LL-37 both showed inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. (4) Conclusions: The SmbP fusion protein is a valuable tool for producing biologically-active LL-37 peptide. The production method described here should be of interest for the expression and purification of additional cationic peptides, since it cuts the purification time considerably prior to determination of antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Perez-Perez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (D.A.P.-P.); (T.d.J.V.-R.); (P.G.-B.)
| | - Teresa de J. Villanueva-Ramirez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (D.A.P.-P.); (T.d.J.V.-R.); (P.G.-B.)
| | - Adriana E. Hernandez-Pedraza
- CHRISTUS—LATAM HUB Center of Excellence and Innovation, S.C., Lazaro Cardenas 2321, San Pedro Garza Garcia 66260, Mexico;
| | - Nestor G. Casillas-Vega
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Departamento de Patologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey 64460, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Barranco
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (D.A.P.-P.); (T.d.J.V.-R.); (P.G.-B.)
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (D.A.P.-P.); (T.d.J.V.-R.); (P.G.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Herrera R, Rosbe K, Tugizov SM. Inactivation of HIV-1 in Polarized Infant Tonsil Epithelial Cells by Human Beta-Defensins 2 and 3 Tagged with the Protein Transduction Domain of HIV-1 Tat. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102043. [PMID: 34696473 PMCID: PMC8538026 DOI: 10.3390/v13102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 may occur during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding; however, the molecular mechanism of MTCT of virus remains poorly understood. Infant tonsil mucosal epithelium may sequester HIV-1, serving as a transient reservoir, and may play a critical role in MTCT. Innate immune proteins human beta-defensins 2 (hBD-2) and -3 may inactivate intravesicular virions. To establish delivery of hBD-2 and -3 into vesicles containing HIV-1, we tagged hBDs with the protein transduction domain (PTD) of HIV-1 Tat, which facilitates an efficient translocation of proteins across cell membranes. Our new findings showed that hBD-2 and -3 proteins tagged with PTD efficiently penetrated polarized tonsil epithelial cells by endocytosis and direct penetration. PTD-initiated internalization of hBD-2 and -3 proteins into epithelial cells led to their subsequent penetration of multivesicular bodies (MVB) and vacuoles containing HIV-1. Furthermore, PTD played a role in the fusion of vesicles containing HIV-1 with lysosomes, where virus was inactivated. PTD-initiated internalization of hBD-2 and -3 proteins into ex vivo tonsil tissue explants reduced the spread of virus from epithelial cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, and CD1c+ dendritic cells, suggesting that this approach may serve as an antiviral strategy for inactivating intraepithelial HIV-1 and reducing viral MTCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Kristina Rosbe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Sharof M. Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(415)-514-3177; Fax: +1-(415)-476-9364
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gera S, Kankuri E, Kogermann K. Antimicrobial peptides - Unleashing their therapeutic potential using nanotechnology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107990. [PMID: 34592202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent, mostly cationic, and amphiphilic broad-spectrum host defense antimicrobials that are produced by all organisms ranging from prokaryotes to humans. In addition to their antimicrobial actions, they modulate inflammatory and immune responses and promote wound healing. Although they have clear benefits over traditional antibiotic drugs, their wide therapeutic utilization is compromised by concerns of toxicity, stability, and production costs. Recent advances in nanotechnology have attracted increasing interest to unleash the AMPs' immense potential as broad-spectrum antibiotics and anti-biofilm agents, against which the bacteria have less chances to develop resistance. Topical application of AMPs promotes migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and contributes significantly to an accelerated wound healing process. Delivery of AMPs by employing nanotechnological approaches avoids the major disadvantages of AMPs, such as instability and toxicity, and provides a controlled delivery profile together with prolonged activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the key properties of AMPs and discuss the latest developments in topical AMP therapy using nanocarriers. We use chronic hard-to-heal wounds-complicated by infections, inflammation, and stagnated healing-as an example of an unmet medical need for which the AMPs' wide range of therapeutic actions could provide the most potential benefit. The use of innovative materials and sophisticated nanotechnological approaches offering various possibilities are discussed in more depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gera
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|