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Röwekamp I, Maschirow L, Rabes A, Fiocca Vernengo F, Hamann L, Heinz GA, Mashreghi MF, Caesar S, Milek M, Fagundes Fonseca AC, Wienhold SM, Nouailles G, Yao L, Mousavi S, Bruder D, Boehme JD, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Beule D, Witzenrath M, Löhning M, Klose CSN, Heimesaat MM, Diefenbach A, Opitz B. IL-33 controls IL-22-dependent antibacterial defense by modulating the microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310864121. [PMID: 38781213 PMCID: PMC11145264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310864121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-22 plays a critical role in defending against mucosal infections, but how IL-22 production is regulated is incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice lacking IL-33 or its receptor ST2 (IL-1RL1) were more resistant to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection than wild-type animals and that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL33 and IL1RL1 were associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in humans. The effect of IL-33 on S. pneumoniae infection was mediated by negative regulation of IL-22 production in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) but independent of ILC2s as well as IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Moreover, IL-33's influence on IL-22-dependent antibacterial defense was dependent on housing conditions of the mice and mediated by IL-33's modulatory effect on the gut microbiota. Collectively, we provide insight into the bidirectional crosstalk between the innate immune system and the microbiota. We conclude that both genetic and environmental factors influence the gut microbiota, thereby impacting the efficacy of antibacterial immune defense and susceptibility to pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Röwekamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Laura Maschirow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Anne Rabes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Lutz Hamann
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin10117, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Caesar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Miha Milek
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Anna Carolina Fagundes Fonseca
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Research Group Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg39120, Germany
- Research Group Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig38124, Germany
| | - Julia D. Boehme
- Research Group Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg39120, Germany
- Research Group Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig38124, Germany
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw01-813, Poland
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
- German center for lung research (DZL), Berlin13353, Germany
| | | | - Max Löhning
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Christoph S. N. Klose
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
- German center for lung research (DZL), Berlin13353, Germany
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2
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Chauhan G, Wang X, Quadros M, Vats M, Gupta V. Chitosan/bovine serum albumin layer-by-layer assembled particles for non-invasive inhaled drug delivery to the lungs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132526. [PMID: 38782317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes on a solid core particle is a well-established technique used to deliver drugs, proteins, regenerative medicines, combinatorial therapy, etc. It is a multifunctional delivery system which can be engineered using various core template particles and coating polymers. This study reports the development and in-vitro evaluation of LbL assembled particles for non-invasive inhaled delivery to the lungs. The LbL assembled particles were prepared by successively coating polyelectrolyte macromolecules, glycol chitosan and bovine serum albumin on 0.5- and 4.5-μm polystyrene particles. The LbL assembly of polyelectrolytes was confirmed by reversible change in zeta potential and sequential increase in the particle size after accumulation of the layer. The prepared LbL particles were further assessed for aerodynamic properties using two distinct nebulizers, and toxicity assessment in normal lung cells. The in-vitro aerosolization study performed using next generation impactor coupled with Pari LC Plus and Aeroeclipse nebulizer showed that both the LbL assembled 0.5 and 4.5-μm particles had MMAD <5 μm confirming suitable aerodynamic properties for non-invasive lung delivery. The in-vitro cytotoxicity, and TEER integrity following treatment with the LbL assembled particles in normal lung epithelial and fibroblasts showed no significant cytotoxicity rendering the LbL assembled particles safe. This study extends the efficiency of LbL assembled particles for novel applications towards delivery of small and large molecules into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mural Quadros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mukti Vats
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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3
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Mølbak K, Sørensen TIA, Bhatt S, Lyngse FP, Simonsen L, Aaby P. Severity of respiratory tract infections depends on the infectious dose. Perspectives for the next pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1391719. [PMID: 38746005 PMCID: PMC11091249 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1391719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kåre Mølbak
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samir Bhatt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Plesner Lyngse
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Simonsen
- PandemiX Center, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Aaby
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
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4
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Zhao J, Andreev I, Silva HM. Resident tissue macrophages: Key coordinators of tissue homeostasis beyond immunity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadd1967. [PMID: 38608039 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly present in every tissue and organ. RTMs are recognized as central players in innate immune responses, and more recently their importance beyond host defense has started to be highlighted. Despite sharing a universal name and several canonical markers, RTMs perform remarkably specialized activities tailored to sustain critical homeostatic functions of the organs they reside in. These cells can mediate neuronal communication, participate in metabolic pathways, and secrete growth factors. In this Review, we summarize how the division of labor among different RTM subsets helps support tissue homeostasis. We discuss how the local microenvironment influences the development of RTMs, the molecular processes they support, and how dysregulation of RTMs can lead to disease. Last, we highlight both the similarities and tissue-specific distinctions of key RTM subsets, aiming to coalesce recent classifications and perspectives into a unified view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Andreev
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Passi G, Dey P, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:295-347. [PMID: 38206610 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2298398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for delivering medications to the inflamed organ sites, such as the lungs. Although this approach is enticing, delivering nanomedicine to the lungs presents complex challenges that require sophisticated techniques. In this context, we review the potential of novel nanomedicine-based immunomodulatory strategies that could offer therapeutic benefits in managing this pressing health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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6
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Hayashi R, Srisomboon Y, Iijima K, Maniak PJ, Tei R, Kobayashi T, Matsunaga M, Luo H, Masuda MY, O'Grady SM, Kita H. Cholinergic sensing of allergen exposure by airway epithelium promotes type 2 immunity in the lungs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:793-808.e2. [PMID: 38000698 PMCID: PMC10939907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonneuronal cells, including epithelial cells, can produce acetylcholine (ACh). Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists are used clinically to treat asthma and other medical conditions; however, knowledge regarding the roles of ACh in type 2 immunity is limited. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the roles of epithelial ACh in allergic immune responses. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were cultured with allergen extracts, and their ACh production and IL-33 secretion were studied in vitro. To investigate immune responses in vivo, naive BALB/c mice were treated intranasally with different muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists and then exposed intranasally to allergens. RESULTS At steady state, HBE cells expressed cellular components necessary for ACh production, including choline acetyltransferase and organic cation transporters. Exposure to allergens caused HBE cells to rapidly release ACh into the extracellular medium. Pharmacologic or small-interfering RNA-based blocking of ACh production or autocrine action through the M3 muscarinic ACh receptors in HBE cells suppressed allergen-induced ATP release, calcium mobilization, and extracellular secretion of IL-33. When naive mice were exposed to allergens, ACh was quickly released into the airway lumen. A series of clinical M3 muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists inhibited allergen-induced IL-33 secretion and innate type 2 immune response in the mouse airways. In a preclinical murine model of asthma, an ACh receptor antagonist suppressed allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. CONCLUSIONS ACh is released quickly by airway epithelial cells on allergen exposure, and it plays an important role in type 2 immunity. The epithelial ACh system can be considered a therapeutic target in allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Hayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Yotesawee Srisomboon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Rinna Tei
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mayumi Matsunaga
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mia Y Masuda
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minn; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minn; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
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7
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Lucas CL. Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:113-126. [PMID: 38302340 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
New discoveries in the field of human monogenic immune diseases highlight critical genes and pathways governing immune responses. Here, I describe how the ~500 currently defined human inborn errors of immunity help shape what I propose is an 'adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses', emphasizing the set of immunological defenses poised for rapid responses in the natural environment. This arsenal blurs the lines between innate and adaptive immunity and is established through molecular relays between cell types, often traversing from sensors (pathogen detection) to intermediates to executioners (pathogen clearance) via soluble factors. Predictions and missing information based on the adaptive arsenal model are discussed, as are emergent and outstanding questions fundamental to advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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8
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Kawahara E, Yamamoto S, Shibata T, Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. CpG ODN enhances the efficacy of F protein vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper respiratory tract via CD4 + T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149143. [PMID: 37926041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory illness worldwide, particularly in infants and older adults. Vaccines targeting the fusion glycoprotein (F protein) -one of the surface antigens of RSV- are highly effective in preventing RSV-associated severe lower respiratory tract disease. However, the efficacy of these vaccines against upper respiratory tract challenge needs improvement. Here, we aimed to examine the efficacy of F protein vaccines with or without CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) as an adjuvant in the upper and lower respiratory tracts in mice. F + CpG ODN induced higher levels of F-specific IgG than that induced by F alone; however, levels of neutralizing antibodies did not increase compared to those induced by F alone. F + CpG ODN induced T helper 1 (Th1) cells while F alone induced T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Moreover, F + CpG ODN improved the protection against RSV challenge in the upper respiratory tract compared to F alone, which was largely dependent on CD4+ T cells. Meanwhile, both F + CpG ODN and F alone protected the lower respiratory tract. In conclusion, we demonstrated that induction of F-specific Th1 cells is an effective strategy to prevent RSV challenge in the upper respiratory tract in F protein vaccines. These data support the development of novel F protein vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigo Kawahara
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shibata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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9
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Gupta T, Najumuddin, Rajendran D, Gujral A, Jangra A. Metabolism configures immune response across multi-systems: Lessons from COVID-19. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 90:100977. [PMID: 37690286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies over the last decade demonstrate the recruitment of immune cells, increased inflammatory cytokines, and chemokine in patients with metabolic diseases, including heart failure, parenchymal inflammation, obesity, tuberculosis, and diabetes mellitus. Metabolic rewiring of immune cells is associated with the severity and prevalence of these diseases. The risk of developing COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in patients with metabolic dysfunction (heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity). Several etiologies, including fatigue, dyspnea, and dizziness, persist even months after COVID-19 infection, commonly known as Post-Acute Sequelae of CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID. A chronic inflammatory state and metabolic dysfunction are the factors that contribute to long COVID. Here, this study explores the potential link between pathogenic metabolic and immune alterations across different organ systems that could underlie COVID-19 and PASC. These interactions could be utilized for targeted future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Najumuddin
- Program of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dhanya Rajendran
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Akash Gujral
- Department of Medicine, Nyu Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
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10
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Hernandez-Franco JF, Yadagiri G, Patil V, Bugybayeva D, Dolatyabi S, Dumkliang E, Singh M, Suresh R, Akter F, Schrock J, Renukaradhya GJ, HogenEsch H. Intradermal Vaccination against Influenza with a STING-Targeted Nanoparticle Combination Adjuvant Induces Superior Cross-Protective Humoral Immunity in Swine Compared with Intranasal and Intramuscular Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1699. [PMID: 38006031 PMCID: PMC10675188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cross-protective vaccines against the zoonotic swine influenza A virus (swIAV), a potential pandemic-causing agent, continues to be an urgent global health concern. Commercially available vaccines provide suboptimal cross-protection against circulating subtypes of swIAV, which can lead to worldwide economic losses and poor zoonosis deterrence. The limited efficacy of current swIAV vaccines demands innovative strategies for the development of next-generation vaccines. Considering that intramuscular injection is the standard route of vaccine administration in both human and veterinary medicine, the exploration of alternative strategies, such as intradermal vaccination, presents a promising avenue for vaccinology. This investigation demonstrates the first evaluation of a direct comparison between a commercially available multivalent swIAV vaccine and monovalent whole inactivated H1N2 swine influenza vaccine, delivered by intradermal, intranasal, and intramuscular routes. The monovalent vaccines were adjuvanted with NanoST, a cationic phytoglycogen-based nanoparticle that is combined with the STING agonist ADU-S100. Upon heterologous challenge, intradermal vaccination generated a stronger cross-reactive nasal and serum antibody response in pigs compared with intranasal and intramuscular vaccination. Antibodies induced by intradermal immunization also had higher avidity compared with the other routes of vaccination. Bone marrow from intradermally and intramuscularly immunized pigs had both IgG and IgA virus-specific antibody-secreting cells. These studies reveal that NanoST is a promising adjuvant system for the intradermal administration of STING-targeted influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Hernandez-Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Dina Bugybayeva
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Sara Dolatyabi
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Ekachai Dumkliang
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center (DDSEC), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Raksha Suresh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Fatema Akter
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (G.Y.); (V.P.); (D.B.); (S.D.); (M.S.); (R.S.); (F.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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11
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Leng G, Hu J, Wang W, Deng G, Ma Y, Sha S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1987 protein attenuates inflammatory response and consequently alters microbiota in mouse lung. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1256866. [PMID: 38029253 PMCID: PMC10646435 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1256866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthy lung microbiota plays an important role in preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections by activating immune cells and stimulating production of T-helper cell type 1 cytokines. The dynamic stability of lung microbiota relies mostly on lung homeostasis. In our previous studies, we found that Mtb virulence factor, Rv1987 protein, can mediate host immune response and enhance mycobacterial survival in host lung. However, the alteration of lung microbiota and the contribution of lung microbiota dysbiosis to mycobacterial evasion in this process are not clear so far. Methods M. smegmatis which does not contain the ortholog of Rv1987 protein was selected as a model strain to study the effects of Rv1987 on host lung microbiota. The lung microbiota, immune state and metabolites of mice infected by M. smegmatis overexpressing Rv1987 protein (MS1987) were detected and analyzed. Results The results showed that Rv1987 inhibited inflammatory response in mouse lung and anaerobic bacteria and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota bacteria were enriched in the lung tissues correspondingly. The immune alterations and microbiota dysbiosis affected host metabolic profiles, and some of significantly altered bacteria in MS1987-infected mouse lung, such as Delftia acidovorans, Ralstonia pickettii and Escherichia coli, led to anti-inflammatory responses in mouse lung. The secretory metabolites of these altered bacteria also influenced mycobacterial growth and biofilm formation directly. Conclusion All these results suggested that Rv1987 can attenuate inflammatory response and alter microbiota in the lung, which in turn facilitates mycobacterial survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangxian Leng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Sha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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12
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Roe K. A mammalian lung's immune system minimizes tissue damage by initiating five major sequential phases of defense. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2967-2977. [PMID: 37142799 PMCID: PMC10159234 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian lungs encounter several pathogens, but have a sophisticated multi-phase immune defense. Furthermore, several immune responses to suppress pulmonary pathogens can damage the airway epithelial cells, particularly the vital alveolar epithelial cells (pneumocytes). The lungs have a sequentially activated, but overlapping, five phase immune response to suppress most pathogens, while causing minimal damage to the airway epithelial cells. Each phase of the immune response may suppress the pathogens, but if the previous phase proves inadequate, a stronger phase of immune response is activated, but with an increased risk of airway epithelial cell damage. The first phase immune response involves the pulmonary surfactants, which have proteins and phospholipids with potentially sufficient antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties to suppress many pathogens. The second phase immune response involves the type III interferons, having pathogen responses with comparatively minimal risk of damage to airway epithelial cells. The third phase immune response involves type I interferons, which implement stronger immune responses against pathogens with an increased risk of damage to airway epithelial cells. The fourth phase immune response involves the type II interferon, interferon-γ, which activates stronger immune responses, but with considerable risk of airway epithelial cell damage. The fifth phase immune response involves antibodies, potentially activating the complement system. In summary, five major phases of immune responses for the lungs are sequentially initiated to create an overlapping immune response which can suppress most pathogens, while usually causing minimal damage to the airway epithelial cells, including the pneumocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roe
- United States Patent and Trademark Office, San Jose, CA, USA.
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13
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Statsenko Y, Kuznetsov NV, Morozova D, Liaonchyk K, Simiyu GL, Smetanina D, Kashapov A, Meribout S, Gorkom KNV, Hamoudi R, Ismail F, Ansari SA, Emerald BS, Ljubisavljevic M. Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2451. [PMID: 37887295 PMCID: PMC10605227 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic changes, oxidative stress and inflammation influence the rate of aging, which diseases, lifestyle and environmental factors can further accelerate. In accelerated aging (AA), the biological age exceeds the chronological age. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to reappraise the AA concept critically, considering its weaknesses and limitations. METHODS We reviewed more than 300 recent articles dealing with the physiology of brain aging and neurodegeneration pathophysiology. RESULTS (1) Application of the AA concept to individual organs outside the brain is challenging as organs of different systems age at different rates. (2) There is a need to consider the deceleration of aging due to the potential use of the individual structure-functional reserves. The latter can be restored by pharmacological and/or cognitive therapy, environment, etc. (3) The AA concept lacks both standardised terminology and methodology. (4) Changes in specific molecular biomarkers (MBM) reflect aging-related processes; however, numerous MBM candidates should be validated to consolidate the AA theory. (5) The exact nature of many potential causal factors, biological outcomes and interactions between the former and the latter remain largely unclear. CONCLUSIONS Although AA is commonly recognised as a perspective theory, it still suffers from a number of gaps and limitations that assume the necessity for an updated AA concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Statsenko
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Big Data Analytic Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nik V. Kuznetsov
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Daria Morozova
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Katsiaryna Liaonchyk
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Gillian Lylian Simiyu
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Darya Smetanina
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Aidar Kashapov
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Sarah Meribout
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Fatima Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Dotiwala F, Upadhyay AK. Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1585. [PMID: 37896988 PMCID: PMC10611113 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing humoral and cytotoxic mucosal immunity at the sites of pathogen entry has the potential to prevent the infection from getting established. This is different from systemic vaccination, which protects against the development of systemic symptoms. The field of mucosal vaccination has seen fewer technological advances compared to nucleic acid and subunit vaccine advances for injectable vaccine platforms. The advent of the next-generation adenoviral vectors has given a boost to mucosal vaccine research. Basic research into the mechanisms regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and the discovery of effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvants will continue to improve mucosal vaccine design. The results from clinical trials of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate their ability to induce the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and the production of secreted IgA and IgG antibodies locally, unlike intramuscular vaccinations. However, these mucosal vaccines induce systemic immune responses at par with systemic vaccinations. This review summarizes the function of the respiratory mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and the advantages that the adenoviral vectors provide as inhaled vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farokh Dotiwala
- Ocugen Inc., 11 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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15
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Liu T, Liu J, Chen H, Zhou X, Fu W, Cao Y, Yang J. Cannabinoid receptor 2 signal promotes type 2 immunity in the lung. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100124. [PMID: 37868095 PMCID: PMC10585230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity in the lung protects against pathogenic infection and facilitates tissue repair, but its dysregulation may lead to severe human diseases. Notably, cannabis usage for medical or recreational purposes has increased globally. However, the potential impact of the cannabinoid signal on lung immunity is incompletely understood. Here, we report that cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is highly expressed in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) of mouse and human lung tissues. Of importance, the CB2 signal enhances the IL-33-elicited immune response of ILC2s. In addition, the chemogenetic manipulation of inhibitory G proteins (Gi) downstream of CB2 produces a similarly promotive effect. Conversely, the genetic deletion of CB2 mitigates the IL-33-elicited type 2 immunity in the lung. Also, such ablation of the CB2 signal ameliorates papain-induced tissue inflammation. Together, these results have elucidated a critical aspect of the CB2 signal in lung immunity, implicating its potential involvement in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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16
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Kumar M, Virmani T, Kumar G, Deshmukh R, Sharma A, Duarte S, Brandão P, Fonte P. Nanocarriers in Tuberculosis Treatment: Challenges and Delivery Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1360. [PMID: 37895831 PMCID: PMC10609727 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization identifies tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as a leading infectious killer. Although conventional treatments for TB exist, they come with challenges such as a heavy pill regimen, prolonged treatment duration, and a strict schedule, leading to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The rise of MDR strains endangers future TB control. Despite these concerns, the hunt for an efficient treatment continues. One breakthrough has been the use of nanotechnology in medicines, presenting a novel approach for TB treatment. Nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, and polymeric micelles, facilitate targeted delivery of anti-TB drugs. The benefits of nanocarriers include reduced drug doses, fewer side effects, improved drug solubility, better bioavailability, and improved patient compliance, speeding up recovery. Additionally, nanocarriers can be made even more targeted by linking them with ligands such as mannose or hyaluronic acid. This review explores these innovative TB treatments, including studies on nanocarriers containing anti-TB drugs and related patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.D.); (P.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brandão
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.D.); (P.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.D.); (P.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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17
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Potokar M, Zorec R, Jorgačevski J. Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2307. [PMID: 37759529 PMCID: PMC10528686 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as important viral host cells in the central nervous system. These cells can produce relatively high quantities of new virions. In part, this can be attributed to the characteristics of astrocyte metabolism and its abundant and dynamic cytoskeleton network. Astrocytes are anatomically localized adjacent to interfaces between blood capillaries and brain parenchyma and between blood capillaries and brain ventricles. Moreover, astrocytes exhibit a larger membrane interface with the extracellular space than neurons. These properties, together with the expression of various and numerous viral entry receptors, a relatively high rate of endocytosis, and morphological plasticity of intracellular organelles, render astrocytes important target cells in neurotropic infections. In this review, we describe factors that mediate the high susceptibility of astrocytes to viral infection and replication, including the anatomic localization of astrocytes, morphology, expression of viral entry receptors, and various forms of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Nakatsuka Y, Matsumoto M, Inohara N, Núñez G. Pseudomonas aeruginosa hijacks the murine nitric oxide metabolic pathway to evade killing by neutrophils in the lung. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112973. [PMID: 37561628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen causing lung infection. However, the mechanisms used by the pathogen to evade neutrophil-mediated killing remain poorly understood. Using a high-density transposon screen, we find that P. aeruginosa colonization in the lung is promoted by pathogen nitrite reductase nirD. nirD is required for ammonia production from nitrite, a metabolite derived from nitrogen oxide (NO) generated by inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) in phagocytes. P. aeruginosa deficient in nirD exhibit reduced survival in wild-type neutrophils but not in iNOS-deficient neutrophils. Mechanistically, nirD enhances P. aeruginosa survival in neutrophils by inhibiting the localization of the pathogen in late phagosomes. P. aeruginosa deficient in nirD show impaired lung colonization after infection in wild-type mice but not in mice with selective iNos deficiency in neutrophils. Thus, P. aeruginosa uses neutrophil iNOS-mediated NO production to limit neutrophil pathogen killing and to promote its colonization in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA.
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA.
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19
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Smith M, Meliopoulos V, Tan S, Bub T, Brigleb PH, Sharp B, Crawford JC, Prater MS, Pruett-Miller SM, Schultz-Cherry S. The β6 Integrin Negatively Regulates TLR7-Mediated Epithelial Immunity via Autophagy During Influenza A Virus Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555098. [PMID: 37693589 PMCID: PMC10491108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are essential surface receptors that sense extracellular changes to initiate various intracellular signaling cascades. The rapid activation of the epithelial-intrinsic β6 integrin during influenza A virus (IAV) infection has been linked to innate immune impairments. Yet, how β6 regulates epithelial immunity remains undefined. Here, we identify the role of β6 in mediating the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) through the regulation of intracellular trafficking. We demonstrate that deletion of the β6 integrin in lung epithelial cells significantly enhances the TLR7-mediated activation of the type I interferon (IFN) response during homeostasis and respiratory infection. IAV-induced β6 facilitates TLR7 trafficking to lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2a) components, leading to a reduction in endosomal compartments and associated TLR7 signaling. Our findings reveal an unappreciated role of β6-induced autophagy in influencing epithelial immune responses during influenza virus infection.
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20
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Hurst JH, Mohan AA, Dalapati T, George IA, Aquino JN, Lugo DJ, Pfeiffer TS, Rodriguez J, Rotta AT, Turner NA, Burke TW, McClain MT, Henao R, DeMarco CT, Louzao R, Denny TN, Walsh KM, Xu Z, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Woods CW, Kelly MS. Differential host responses within the upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood of children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.31.23293337. [PMID: 37577568 PMCID: PMC10418569 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.23293337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Age is among the strongest risk factors for severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to evaluate associations between age and both mucosal and systemic host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We profiled the upper respiratory tract (URT) and peripheral blood transcriptomes of 201 participants (age range of 1 week to 83 years), including 137 non-hospitalized individuals with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and 64 uninfected individuals. Among uninfected children and adolescents, young age was associated with upregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways within the URT, suggesting that young children are primed to mount robust mucosal immune responses to exogeneous respiratory pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with broad induction of innate and adaptive immune responses within the URT of children and adolescents. Peripheral blood responses among SARS-CoV-2-infected children and adolescents were dominated by interferon pathways, while upregulation of myeloid activation, inflammatory, and coagulation pathways was observed only in adults. Systemic symptoms among SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects were associated with blunted innate and adaptive immune responses in the URT and upregulation of many of these same pathways within peripheral blood. Finally, within individuals, robust URT immune responses were correlated with decreased peripheral immune activation, suggesting that effective immune responses in the URT may promote local viral control and limit systemic immune activation and symptoms. These findings demonstrate that there are differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 across the lifespan, including between young children and adolescents, and suggest that these varied host responses contribute to observed differences in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by age. One Sentence Summary Age is associated with distinct upper respiratory and peripheral blood transcriptional responses among children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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21
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Guo TJF, Singhera GK, Leung JM, Dorscheid DR. Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:1655. [PMID: 37631998 PMCID: PMC10458661 DOI: 10.3390/v15081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity. However, severe COVID-19 is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response which can give rise to clinical presentations including lung injury and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, viral pneumonia, coagulopathy, and multi-system organ failure. In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the airway epithelium can mount a maladaptive immune response which can delay viral clearance, perpetuate excessive inflammation, and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In this article, we will review the barrier and immune functions of the airway epithelium, how SARS-CoV-2 can interact with the epithelium, and epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines and their roles in COVID-19 and as biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss these immune mediators and their potential as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. F. Guo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K. Singhera
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Janice M. Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Delbert R. Dorscheid
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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22
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Tan ZH, Dharmadhikari S, Liu L, Yu J, Shontz KM, Stack JT, Breuer CK, Reynolds SD, Chiang T. Regeneration of tracheal neotissue in partially decellularized scaffolds. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:35. [PMID: 37438368 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive tracheal injury or disease can be life-threatening but there is currently no standard of care. Regenerative medicine offers a potential solution to long-segment tracheal defects through the creation of scaffolds that support the generation of healthy neotissue. We developed decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) by removing the cells of the epithelium and lamina propria while preserving donor cartilage. We previously demonstrated that PDTG support regeneration of host-derived neotissue. Here, we use a combination of microsurgical, immunofluorescent, and transcriptomic approaches to compare PDTG neotissue with the native airway and surgical controls. We report that PDTG neotissue is composed of native tracheal cell types and that the neoepithelium and microvasculature persisted for at least 6 months. Vascular perfusion of PDTG was established within 2 weeks and the graft recruited multipotential airway stem cells that exhibit normal proliferation and differentiation. Hence, PDTG neotissue recapitulates the structure and function of the host trachea and has the potential to regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hong Tan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sayali Dharmadhikari
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lumei Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jane Yu
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly M Shontz
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacob T Stack
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan D Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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23
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Laursen KR, Christensen NV, Mulder FA, Schullehner J, Hoffmann HJ, Jensen A, Møller P, Loft S, Olin AC, Rasmussen BB, Rosati B, Strandberg B, Glasius M, Bilde M, Sigsgaard T. Airway and systemic biomarkers of health effects after short-term exposure to indoor ultrafine particles from cooking and candles - A randomized controlled double-blind crossover study among mild asthmatic subjects. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 37430267 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient knowledge about the systemic health effects of exposure to fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles emitted from typical indoor sources, including cooking and candlelight burning. We examined whether short-term exposure to emissions from cooking and burning candles cause inflammatory changes in young individuals with mild asthma. Thirty-six non-smoking asthmatics participated in a randomized controlled double-blind crossover study attending three exposure sessions (mean PM2.5 µg/m3; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ng/m3): (a) air mixed with emissions from cooking (96.1; 1.1), (b) air mixed with emissions from candles (89.8; 10), and (c) clean filtered air (5.8; 1.0). Emissions were generated in an adjacent chamber and let into a full-scale exposure chamber where participants were exposed for five hours. Several biomarkers were assessed in relation to airway and systemic inflammatory changes; the primary outcomes of interest were surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) and albumin in droplets in exhaled air - novel biomarkers for changes in the surfactant composition of small airways. Secondary outcomes included cytokines in nasal lavage, cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), epithelial progenitor cells (EPCs), genotoxicity, gene expression related to DNA-repair, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as metabolites in blood. Samples were collected before exposure start, right after exposure and the next morning. RESULTS SP-A in droplets in exhaled air showed stable concentrations following candle exposure, while concentrations decreased following cooking and clean air exposure. Albumin in droplets in exhaled air increased following exposure to cooking and candles compared to clean air exposure, although not significant. Oxidatively damaged DNA and concentrations of some lipids and lipoproteins in the blood increased significantly following exposure to cooking. We found no or weak associations between cooking and candle exposure and systemic inflammation biomarkers including cytokines, CRP, and EPCs. CONCLUSIONS Cooking and candle emissions induced effects on some of the examined health-related biomarkers, while no effect was observed in others; Oxidatively damaged DNA and concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were increased in blood after exposure to cooking, while both cooking and candle emissions slightly affected the small airways including the primary outcomes SP-A and albumin. We found only weak associations between the exposures and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. Together, the results show the existence of mild inflammation following cooking and candle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Rosenkilde Laursen
- Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Vous Christensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frans Aa Mulder
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bernadette Rosati
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bo Strandberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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24
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Belizário J, Garay-Malpartida M, Faintuch J. Lung microbiome and origins of the respiratory diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100065. [PMID: 37456520 PMCID: PMC10339129 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The studies on the composition of the human microbiomes in healthy individuals, its variability in the course of inflammation, infection, antibiotic therapy, diets and different pathological conditions have revealed their intra and inter-kingdom relationships. The lung microbiome comprises of major species members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, which are distributed in ecological niches along nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea and in the lungs. Commensal and pathogenic species are maintained in equilibrium as they have strong relationships. Bacterial overgrowth after dysbiosis and/or imbalanced of CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) populations can promote lung inflammatory reactions and distress, and consequently acute and chronic respiratory diseases. This review is aimed to summarize the latest advances in resident lung microbiome and its participation in most common pulmonary infections and pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), immunodeficiency associated pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We briefly describe physiological and immunological mechanisms that selectively create advantages or disadvantages for relative growth of pathogenic bacterial species in the respiratory tract. At the end, we propose some directions and analytical methods that may facilitate the identification of key genera and species of resident and transient microbes involved in the respiratory diseases' initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belizário
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of the University of Sao Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Miguel Garay-Malpartida
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of the University of Sao Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Joel Faintuch
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Clinics Hospital of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
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25
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Fukuyama K, Zhuang T, Toyoshi E, Raya Tonetti F, Saha S, Zhou B, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Nishiyama K, Aso H, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Establishment of a porcine bronchial epithelial cell line and its application to study innate immunity in the respiratory epithelium. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117102. [PMID: 37465671 PMCID: PMC10350646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture models that precisely mirror the porcine respiratory epithelium are needed to gain insight into how pathogens and host interact. In this study, a new porcine bronchial epithelial cell line, designated as PBE cells, was established from the respiratory tract of a neonatal pig. PBE cells assumed a cobblestone-epithelial like morphology with close contacts between the cells when they reached confluence. The PBE cell line was characterized in terms of its expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and its ability to respond to the activation of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 signaling pathways, which are key PRRs involved in the defense of the respiratory epithelium against pathogens. PBE cells stimulated with poly(I:C) were able to up-regulate the expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ3 (IL-28B), the antiviral factors Mx1, OAS1, and PKR, as well as the viral PRRs RIG-1 and MDA5. The expression kinetics studies of immune factors in PBE cells allow us to speculate that this cell line can be a useful in vitro tool to investigate treatments that help to potentiate antiviral immunity in the respiratory epithelium of the porcine host. In addition, poly(I:C) and LPS treatments increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1/CCL2 and differentially modulated the expression of negative regulators of the TLR signaling pathways. Then, PBE cells may also allow the evaluation of treatments that can regulate TLR3- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory injury in the porcine airway, thereby protecting the host against harmful overresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eita Toyoshi
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fernanda Raya Tonetti
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Sudeb Saha
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Zaiachuk M, Suryavanshi SV, Pryimak N, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabis sativa Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages. Molecules 2023; 28:4991. [PMID: 37446655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the response of the innate immune system to any type of injury. Although acute inflammation is critical for survival, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to chronic inflammation. Many synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have side effects, and thus, natural anti-inflammatory compounds are still needed. Cannabis sativa L. may provide a good source of anti-inflammatory molecules. Here, we tested the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabis extracts and pure cannabinoids in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human THP-1 macrophages. We found that pre-treatment with cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or extracts containing high levels of CBD or THC reduced the level of induction of various cytokines. The CBD was more efficient than THC, and the extracts were more efficient than pure cannabinoids. Finally, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 cytokines were most sensitive to pre-treatments with CBD and THC, while IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were less responsive. Thus, our work demonstrates the potential of the use of cannabinoids or/and cannabis extracts for the reduction of inflammation and establishes IL-6 and MCP-1 as the sensitive markers for the analysis of the effect of cannabinoids on inflammation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Zaiachuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Nazar Pryimak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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27
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Rathore APS, St John AL. Promises and challenges of mucosal COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 2023; 41:4042-4049. [PMID: 37045682 PMCID: PMC10083204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, COVID-19 vaccines are given intramuscularly and they have been shown to evoke systemic immune responses that are highly efficacious towards preventing severe disease and death. However, vaccine-induced immunity wanes within a short time, and booster doses are currently recommended. Furthermore, current vaccine formulations do not adequately restrict virus infection at the mucosal sites, such as in the nasopharyngeal tract and, therefore, have limited capacity to block virus transmission. With these challenges in mind, several mucosal vaccines are currently being developed with the aim of inducing long-lasting protective immune responses at the mucosal sites where SARS-COV-2 infection begins. Past successes in mucosal vaccinations underscore the potential of these developmental stage SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to reduce disease burden, if not eliminate it altogether. Here, we discuss immune responses that are triggered at the mucosal sites and recent advances in our understanding of mucosal responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and current COVID-19 vaccines. We also highlight several mucosal SARS-COV-2 vaccine formulations that are currently being developed or tested for human use and discuss potential challenges to mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Ashley L St John
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore.
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28
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Liu X, Zhang X, Yao C, Liang J, Noble PW, Jiang D. A transcriptional cell atlas identifies the decline in the AT2 niche in aged human lungs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545378. [PMID: 37398304 PMCID: PMC10312782 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging poses a global public health challenge, associated with molecular and physiological changes in the lungs. It increases susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases, yet the underlying molecular and cellular drivers in aged populations are not fully appreciated. To systematically profile the genetic changes associated with age, we present a single-cell transcriptional atlas comprising nearly half a million cells from the healthy lungs of human subjects spanning various ages, sexes, and smoking statuses. Most annotated cell lineages in aged lungs exhibit dysregulated genetic programs. Specifically, the aged alveolar epithelial cells, including both alveolar type II (AT2) and type I (AT1) cells, demonstrate loss of epithelial identities, heightened inflammaging characterized by increased expression of AP-1 transcription factor and chemokine genes, and significantly increased cellular senescence. Furthermore, the aged mesenchymal cells display a remarkable decrease in Collagen and Elastin transcription. The decline of the AT2 niche is further exacerbated by a weakened endothelial cell phenotype and a dysregulated genetic program in macrophages. These findings highlight the dysregulation observed in both AT2 stem cells and their supportive niche cells, potentially contributing to the increased susceptibility of aged populations to lung diseases.
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29
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Keenum MC, Chatterjee P, Atalis A, Pandey B, Jimenez A, Roy K. Single-cell epitope-transcriptomics reveal lung stromal and immune cell response kinetics to nanoparticle-delivered RIG-I and TLR4 agonists. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122097. [PMID: 37001347 PMCID: PMC10192313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lung-resident and circulatory lymphoid, myeloid, and stromal cells, expressing various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), detect pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs), and defend against respiratory pathogens and injuries. Here, we report the early responses of murine lungs to nanoparticle-delivered PAMPs, specifically the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) agonist poly-U/UC (PUUC), with or without the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), we characterized the responses at 4 and 24 h after intranasal administration. Within 4 h, ribosome-associated transcripts decreased in both stromal and immune cells, followed by widespread interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Using RNA velocity, we show that lung-neutrophils dynamically regulate the synthesis of cytokines like CXCL-10, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Co-delivery of MPLA and PUUC increased chemokine synthesis and upregulated antimicrobial binding proteins targeting iron, manganese, and zinc in many cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Overall, our results elucidate the early PAMP-induced cellular responses in the lung and demonstrate that stimulation of the RIG-I pathway, with or without TLR4 agonists, induces a ubiquitous microbial defense state in lung stromal and immune cells. Nanoparticle-delivered combination PAMPs may have applications in intranasal antiviral and antimicrobial therapies and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cole Keenum
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paramita Chatterjee
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Atalis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhawana Pandey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela Jimenez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA; Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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30
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shaikh SB, Goracci C, Tjitropranoto A, Rahman I. Impact of aging on immune function in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases: potential for therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:351-364. [PMID: 37078192 PMCID: PMC10330361 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2205127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several immunological alterations that occur during pulmonary diseases often mimic alterations observed in the aged lung. From the molecular perspective, pulmonary diseases and aging partake in familiar mechanisms associated with significant dysregulation of the immune systems. Here, we summarized the findings of how aging alters immunity to respiratory conditions to identify age-impacted pathways and mechanisms that contribute to the development of pulmonary diseases. AREAS COVERED The current review examines the impact of age-related molecular alterations in the aged immune system during various lung diseases, such as COPD, IPF, Asthma, and alongside many others that could possibly improve on current therapeutic interventions. Moreover, our increased understanding of this phenomenon may play a primary role in shaping immunomodulatory strategies to boost outcomes in the elderly. Here, the authors present new insights into the context of lung-related diseases and describe the alterations in the functioning of immune cells during various pulmonary conditions altered with age. EXPERT OPINION The expert opinion provided the concepts on how aging alters immunity during pulmonary conditions, and suggests the associated mechanisms during the development of lung diseases. As a result, it becomes important to comprehend the complex mechanism of aging in the immune lung system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Goracci
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ariel Tjitropranoto
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Chen Y, Li F, Hua M, Liang M, Song C. Role of GM-CSF in lung balance and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158859. [PMID: 37081870 PMCID: PMC10111008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor originally identified as a stimulus that induces the differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells into granulocytes and macrophages. GM-CSF is now considered to be a multi-origin and pleiotropic cytokine. GM-CSF receptor signals activate JAK2 and induce nuclear signals through the JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K, and other pathways. In addition to promoting the metabolism of pulmonary surfactant and the maturation and differentiation of alveolar macrophages, GM-CSF plays a key role in interstitial lung disease, allergic lung disease, alcoholic lung disease, and pulmonary bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. This article reviews the latest knowledge on the relationship between GM-CSF and lung balance and lung disease, and indicates that there is much more to GM-CSF than its name suggests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqing Hua
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanwang Song, ; Meng Liang,
| | - Chuanwang Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanwang Song, ; Meng Liang,
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33
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Zhu Y, Chang D. Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Zhu
- Graduate School of The PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - De Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Seventh Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
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Bergantini L, d'Alessandro M, Cavallaro D, Pordon E, Cassai L, Gangi S, Meloni F, Montagnani F, Paladini P, Refini RM, Luzzi L, Fossi A, Bargagli E, Bennett D. Immune checkpoint analysis of T-cell responses to pp65 and IE-1 antigens in end-stage lung diseases. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13248. [PMID: 36574966 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplant (LTX) patients are at high risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is often associated with high mortality and morbidity. Reactivation of CMV causes cell injury due to the cytopathic effect of viral replication and triggering of T cell immunity. The aim of this study was to compare expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) (PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIGIT) in CD4, CD8 and CD56 and activation markers CD137, CD154 and CD69 of end-stage patients awaiting lung transplant. Eighteen pre-LTX positive for anti-CMV IgG titres and 18 healthy subjects were enrolled. IC and activation markers have been evaluated through flow cytometric analysis in HC and pre-LTX patients. Reactive (QF+) and unreactive (QF-) patients were stratified according to QuantiFERON-CMV assays. ICs' and activation markers' expression were determined before and after in vitro stimulation with pp-65 and IE-1 antigens. Lower expression of PD-1 was observed in CD4 and CD8 cells of pre-LTX patients than controls, whereas CTLA4 appeared upregulated in CD56 and CD8 cells. TIGIT is increased on the surface of CD4, CD8 and NK cells after peptide stimulation in QF-negative patients and PD-1 is only downregulated after stimulation in the QF-positive patients. This study provides new evidence of immune dysregulation in patients with end-stage lung disorders, particularly in relation to immune checkpoint cell biology. The change in QF+ mostly happens on cytotoxic cells NK and CD8, while the changes in QF- were observed in adaptive immune cells, including CD4 and CD8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Dalila Cavallaro
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pordon
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Cassai
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Gangi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Meloni
- University of Pavia, pavia, Italy
- Department of Haematological, Pneumological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Piero Paladini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Rosa Metella Refini
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Luzzi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Fossi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - David Bennett
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
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Thaler M, Wang Y, van der Does AM, Faiz A, Ninaber DK, Ogando NS, Beckert H, Taube C, Salgado-Benvindo C, Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Hiemstra PS, van Hemert MJ. Impact of Changes in Human Airway Epithelial Cellular Composition and Differentiation on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Biology. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:562-580. [PMID: 36966527 PMCID: PMC10315690 DOI: 10.1159/000530374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can range from asymptomatic to fatal disease. Variations in epithelial susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection depend on the anatomical location from the proximal to distal respiratory tract. However, the cellular biology underlying these variations is not completely understood. Thus, air-liquid interface cultures of well-differentiated primary human tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells were employed to study the impact of epithelial cellular composition and differentiation on SARS-CoV-2 infection by transcriptional (RNA sequencing) and immunofluorescent analyses. Changes of cellular composition were investigated by varying time of differentiation or by using specific compounds. We found that SARS-CoV-2 primarily infected not only ciliated cells but also goblet cells and transient secretory cells. Viral replication was impacted by differences in cellular composition, which depended on culturing time and anatomical origin. A higher percentage of ciliated cells correlated with a higher viral load. However, DAPT treatment, which increased the number of ciliated cells and reduced goblet cells, decreased viral load, indicating the contribution of goblet cells to infection. Cell entry factors, especially cathepsin L and transmembrane protease serine 2, were also affected by differentiation time. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that viral replication is affected by changes in cellular composition, especially in cells related to the mucociliary system. This could explain in part the variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection between individuals and between anatomical locations in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Thaler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natacha S. Ogando
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen – Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen – Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Eric J. Snijder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Bredenbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. van Hemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chludzinski E, Ciurkiewicz M, Stoff M, Klemens J, Krüger J, Shin DL, Herrler G, Beineke A. Canine Distemper Virus Alters Defense Responses in an Ex Vivo Model of Pulmonary Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040834. [PMID: 37112814 PMCID: PMC10144441 DOI: 10.3390/v15040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), belonging to the genus Morbillivirus, is a highly contagious pathogen. It is infectious in a wide range of host species, including domestic and wildlife carnivores, and causes severe systemic disease with involvement of the respiratory tract. In the present study, canine precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) were infected with CDV (strain R252) to investigate temporospatial viral loads, cell tropism, ciliary activity, and local immune responses during early infection ex vivo. Progressive viral replication was observed during the infection period in histiocytic and, to a lesser extent, epithelial cells. CDV-infected cells were predominantly located within the bronchial subepithelial tissue. Ciliary activity was reduced in CDV-infected PCLSs, while viability remained unchanged when compared to controls. MHC-II expression was increased in the bronchial epithelium on day three postinfection. Elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β) were observed in CDV-infected PCLSs on day one postinfection. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that PCLSs are permissive for CDV. The model reveals an impaired ciliary function and an anti-inflammatory cytokine response, potentially fostering viral replication in the lung during the early phase of canine distemper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chludzinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Stoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Klemens
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dai-Lun Shin
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Utilization of Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticle as Targeted Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030931. [PMID: 36986793 PMCID: PMC10051794 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease that results from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Cancer is a mortal disease with the biggest clinical, societal, and economic burden. Research on better methods of the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer is crucial. Recent advancements in material science have led to the development of metal–organic frameworks, also known as MOFs. MOFs have recently been established as promising and adaptable delivery platforms and target vehicles for cancer therapy. These MOFs have been constructed in a fashion that offers them the capability of drug release that is stimuli-responsive. This feature has the potential to be exploited for cancer therapy that is externally led. This review presents an in-depth summary of the research that has been conducted to date in the field of MOF-based nanoplatforms for cancer therapeutics.
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Hickman E, Smyth T, Cobos-Uribe C, Immormino R, Rebuli ME, Moran T, Alexis NE, Jaspers I. Expanded characterization of in vitro polarized M0, M1, and M2 human monocyte-derived macrophages: Bioenergetic and secreted mediator profiles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279037. [PMID: 36862675 PMCID: PMC9980743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory macrophage subpopulations exhibit unique phenotypes depending on their location within the respiratory tract, posing a challenge to in vitro macrophage model systems. Soluble mediator secretion, surface marker expression, gene signatures, and phagocytosis are among the characteristics that are typically independently measured to phenotype these cells. Bioenergetics is emerging as a key central regulator of macrophage function and phenotype but is often not included in the characterization of human monocyte-derived macrophage (hMDM) models. The objective of this study was to expand the phenotype characterization of naïve hMDMs, and their M1 and M2 subsets by measuring cellular bioenergetic outcomes and including an expanded cytokine profile. Known markers of M0, M1 and M2 phenotypes were also measured and integrated into the phenotype characterization. Peripheral blood monocytes from healthy volunteers were differentiated into hMDM and polarized with either IFN-γ + LPS (M1) or IL-4 (M2). As expected, our M0, M1, and M2 hMDMs exhibited cell surface marker, phagocytosis, and gene expression profiles indicative of their different phenotypes. M2 hMDMs however were uniquely characterized and different from M1 hMDMs by being preferentially dependent on oxidativte phosphorylation for their ATP generation and by secreting a distinct cluster of soluble mediators (MCP4, MDC, and TARC). In contrast, M1 hMDMs secreted prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP1, eotaxin, eotaxin-3, IL12p70, IL-1α, IL15, TNF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL12p40, IL-13, and IL-2), but demonstrated a relatively constitutively heightened bioenergetic state, and relied on glycolysis for ATP generation. These data are similar to the bioenergetic profiles we previously observed in vivo in sputum (M1) and BAL (M2)-derived macrophages in healthy volunteers, supporting the notion that polarized hMDMs can provide an acceptable in vitro model to study specific human respiratory macrophage subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hickman
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy Smyth
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catalina Cobos-Uribe
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Immormino
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Rebuli
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy Moran
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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He X, Chen X, Wang H, Du G, Sun X. Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 355:655-674. [PMID: 36787821 PMCID: PMC9937028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast majority of currently authorized human vaccinations are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, exploring novel routes of immunization has been a prominent area of study in recent years. This is particularly relevant in the face of pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, where respiratory immunization offers distinct advantages, such as inducing systemic and mucosal responses to prevent viral infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and also leading to higher patient compliance. However, the development of respiratory vaccines confronts challenges due to the physiological barriers of the respiratory tract, with most of these vaccines still in the research and development stage. In this review, we detail the structure of the respiratory tract and the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, as well as the obstacles to respiratory vaccination. We also examine the considerations necessary in constructing a COVID-19 respiratory vaccine, including the dosage form of the vaccines, potential excipients and mucosal adjuvants, and delivery systems and devices for respiratory vaccines. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 respiratory vaccines currently under clinical investigation. We hope this review can provide valuable insights and inspiration for the future development of respiratory vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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40
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Pyung YJ, Park DJ, Kim CG, Yun CH. Remodeling and Restraining Lung Tissue Damage Through the Regulation of Respiratory Immune Responses. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:329-339. [PMID: 36763280 PMCID: PMC9913030 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage caused by various stimuli under certain conditions, such as biological and environmental cues, can actively induce systemic and/or local immune responses. Therefore, understanding the immunological perspective would be critical to not only regulating homeostasis of organs and tissues but also to restrict and remodel their damage. Lungs serve as one of the key immunological organs, and thus, in the present article, we focus on the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in remodeling and engineering lung tissue. Innate immune cells are known to react immediately to damage. Macrophages, one of the most widely studied types of innate immune cells, are known to be involved in tissue damage and remodeling, while type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently been revealed as an important cell type responsible for tissue remodeling. On the other hand, adaptive immune cells are also involved in damage control. In particular, resident memory T cells in the lung prevent prolonged disease that causes tissue damage. In this review, we first outlined the structure of the respiratory system with biological and environmental cues and the innate/adaptive immune responses in the lung. It is our hope that understanding an immunological perspective for tissue remodeling and damage control in the lung will be beneficial for stakeholders in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Pyung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Jeong Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Gyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-Do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Programs in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Fauci AS. Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:146-157. [PMID: 36634620 PMCID: PMC9832587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Viruses that replicate in the human respiratory mucosa without infecting systemically, including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, endemic coronaviruses, RSV, and many other "common cold" viruses, cause significant mortality and morbidity and are important public health concerns. Because these viruses generally do not elicit complete and durable protective immunity by themselves, they have not to date been effectively controlled by licensed or experimental vaccines. In this review, we examine challenges that have impeded development of effective mucosal respiratory vaccines, emphasizing that all of these viruses replicate extremely rapidly in the surface epithelium and are quickly transmitted to other hosts, within a narrow window of time before adaptive immune responses are fully marshaled. We discuss possible approaches to developing next-generation vaccines against these viruses, in consideration of several variables such as vaccine antigen configuration, dose and adjuventation, route and timing of vaccination, vaccine boosting, adjunctive therapies, and options for public health vaccination polices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Morens
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffery K. Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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42
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Thiam F, Yazeedi SA, Feng K, Phogat S, Demirsoy E, Brussow J, Abokor FA, Osei ET. Understanding fibroblast-immune cell interactions via co-culture models and their role in asthma pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128023. [PMID: 36911735 PMCID: PMC9996007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease involving airway inflammation and fibrosis. Fibroblasts are the main effector cells important for lung tissue production which becomes abnormal in asthmatics and is one of the main contributors to airway fibrosis. Although fibroblasts were traditionally viewed solely as structural cells, they have been discovered to be highly active, and involved in lung inflammatory and fibrotic processes in asthma. In line with this, using 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models, a complex interaction between lung fibroblasts and various immune cells important for the pathogenesis of asthma have been recently uncovered. Hence, in this review, we provide the first-ever summary of various studies that used 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models to assess the nature of aberrant immune cell-fibroblast interactions and their contributions to chronic inflammation and fibrotic mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Thiam
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - S Al Yazeedi
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - K Feng
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - S Phogat
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - E Demirsoy
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - J Brussow
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - F A Abokor
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - E T Osei
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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43
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Xu J, Xiao N, Zhou D, Xie L. Disease tolerance: a protective mechanism of lung infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1037850. [PMID: 37207185 PMCID: PMC10189053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1037850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance and tolerance are two important strategies employed by the host immune response to defend against pathogens. Multidrug-resistant bacteria affect the resistance mechanisms involved in pathogen clearance. Disease tolerance, defined as the ability to reduce the negative impact of infection on the host, might be a new research direction for the treatment of infections. The lungs are highly susceptible to infections and thus are important for understanding host tolerance and its precise mechanisms. This review focuses on the factors that induce lung disease tolerance, cell and molecular mechanisms involved in tissue damage control, and the relationship between disease tolerance and sepsis immunoparalysis. Understanding the exact mechanism of lung disease tolerance could allow better assessment of the immune status of patients and provide new ideas for the treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhou, ; Lixin Xie,
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhou, ; Lixin Xie,
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44
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Cheemarla NR, Hanron A, Fauver JR, Bishai J, Watkins TA, Brito AF, Zhao D, Alpert T, Vogels CBF, Ko AI, Schulz WL, Landry ML, Grubaugh ND, van Dijk D, Foxman EF. Nasal host response-based screening for undiagnosed respiratory viruses: a pathogen surveillance and detection study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e38-e46. [PMID: 36586415 PMCID: PMC9835789 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic patients who test negative for common viruses are an important possible source of unrecognised or emerging pathogens, but metagenomic sequencing of all samples is inefficient because of the low likelihood of finding a pathogen in any given sample. We aimed to determine whether nasopharyngeal CXCL10 screening could be used as a strategy to enrich for samples containing undiagnosed viruses. METHODS In this pathogen surveillance and detection study, we measured CXCL10 concentrations from nasopharyngeal swabs from patients in the Yale New Haven health-care system, which had been tested at the Yale New Haven Hospital Clinical Virology Laboratory (New Haven, CT, USA). Patients who tested negative for a panel of respiratory viruses using multiplex PCR during Jan 23-29, 2017, or March 3-14, 2020, were included. We performed host and pathogen RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and analysis for viral reads on samples with CXCL10 higher than 1 ng/mL or CXCL10 testing and quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2. We used RNA-Seq and cytokine profiling to compare the host response to infection in samples that were virus positive (rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus CoV-NL63, or SARS-CoV-2) and virus negative (controls). FINDINGS During Jan 23-29, 2017, 359 samples were tested for ten viruses on the multiplex PCR respiratory virus panel (RVP). 251 (70%) were RVP negative. 60 (24%) of 251 samples had CXCL10 higher than 150 pg/mL and were identified for further analysis. 28 (47%) of 60 CXCL10-high samples were positive for seasonal coronaviruses. 223 (89%) of 251 samples were PCR negative for 15 viruses and, of these, CXCL10-based screening identified 32 (13%) samples for further analysis. Of these 32 samples, eight (25%) with CXCL10 concentrations higher than 1 ng/mL and sufficient RNA were selected for RNA-Seq. Microbial RNA analysis showed the presence of influenza C virus in one sample and revealed RNA reads from bacterial pathobionts in four (50%) of eight samples. Between March 3 and March 14, 2020, 375 (59%) of 641 samples tested negative for 15 viruses on the RVP. 32 (9%) of 375 samples had CXCL10 concentrations ranging from 100 pg/mL to 1000 pg/mL and four of those were positive for SARS-CoV-2. CXCL10 elevation was statistically significant, and a distinguishing feature was found in 28 (8%) of 375 SARS-CoV-2-negative samples versus all four SARS-CoV-2-positive samples (p=4·4 × 10-5). Transcriptomic signatures showed an interferon response in virus-positive samples and an additional neutrophil-high hyperinflammatory signature in samples with high amounts of bacterial pathobionts. The CXCL10 cutoff for detecting a virus was 166·5 pg/mL for optimal sensitivity and 1091·0 pg/mL for specificity using a clinic-ready automated microfluidics-based immunoassay. INTERPRETATION These results confirm CXCL10 as a robust nasopharyngeal biomarker of viral respiratory infection and support host response-based screening followed by metagenomic sequencing of CXCL10-high samples as a practical approach to incorporate clinical samples into pathogen discovery and surveillance efforts. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, the Hartwell Foundation, the Gruber Foundation, Fast Grants for COVID-19 research from the Mercatus Center, and the Huffman Family Donor Advised Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarjuna R Cheemarla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amelia Hanron
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph R Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason Bishai
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy A Watkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anderson F Brito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Instituto Todos pela Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tara Alpert
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute of Global Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wade L Schulz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie L Landry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute of Global Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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45
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Respiratory mucosal vaccination of peptide-poloxamine-DNA nanoparticles provides complete protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121907. [PMID: 36436305 PMCID: PMC9673044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a brutal reminder of the continual threat of mucosal infectious diseases. Mucosal immunity may provide robust protection at the predominant sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it remains unclear whether respiratory mucosal administration of DNA vaccines could confer protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge due to insurmountable barriers posed by the airway. Here, we applied self-assembled peptide-poloxamine nanoparticles with mucus-penetrating properties for pulmonary inoculation of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine (pSpike/PP-sNp). The pSpike/PP-sNp not only displays superior gene transfection and favorable biocompatibility in the mouse airway, but also promotes a tripartite immunity consisting of systemic, cellular, and mucosal immune responses that are characterized by mucosal IgA secretion, high levels of neutralizing antibodies, and resident memory phenotype T-cell responses in the lungs of mice. Most importantly, immunization with pSpike/PP-sNp completely eliminates SARS-CoV-2 infection in both upper and lower respiratory tracts and enables 100% survival rate of mice following lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings indicate PP-sNp is a promising platform in mediating DNA vaccines to elicit all-around mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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46
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Traxler RM, Bell ME, Lasker B, Headd B, Shieh WJ, McQuiston JR. Updated Review on Nocardia Species: 2006-2021. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0002721. [PMID: 36314911 PMCID: PMC9769612 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00027-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review serves as an update to the previous Nocardia review by Brown-Elliott et al. published in 2006 (B. A. Brown-Elliott, J. M. Brown, P. S. Conville, and R. J. Wallace. Jr., Clin Microbiol Rev 19:259-282, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006). Included is a discussion on the taxonomic expansion of the genus, current identification methods, and the impact of new technology (including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight [MALDI-TOF] and whole genome sequencing) on diagnosis and treatment. Clinical manifestations, the epidemiology, and geographic distribution are briefly discussed. An additional section on actinomycotic mycetoma is added to address this often-neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M. Traxler
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa E. Bell
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent Lasker
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brendan Headd
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (IDPB), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John R. McQuiston
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Philimon N Gona
- Department of Urban Public Health, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
| | - Alexander F More
- Department of Urban Public Health, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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48
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Chavda VP, Soni S, Vora LK, Soni S, Khadela A, Ajabiya J. mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122150. [PMID: 36560560 PMCID: PMC9785933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.K.V.)
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Massachussets College of Pharmacy and Health Science, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.K.V.)
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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49
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Cormier SA, Yamamoto A, Short KR, Vu L, Suk WA. Environmental Impacts on COVID-19: Mechanisms of Increased Susceptibility. Ann Glob Health 2022; 88:94. [PMID: 36348703 PMCID: PMC9585976 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in >554M cases and >6.3M deaths worldwide. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, has resulted in a broad range of clinical symptoms differing in severity. Initially, the elderly were identified as particularly susceptible to severe COVID-19, with children experiencing less severe disease. However, as new variants arise, the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is changing, and the disease severity in children is increasing. While environmental impacts on COVID-19 have been described, the underlying mechanisms are poorly described. Objective The Pacific Basin Consortium for Environment and Health (PBC) held meeting on September 16, 2021, to explore environmental impacts on infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Methods The PBC is an international group of environmental scientists and those interested in health outcomes. The PBC met to present preliminary data and discuss the role of exposures to airborne pollutants in enhancing susceptibility to and severity of respiratory tract viral infections, including COVID-19. Findings Analysis of the literature and data presented identified age as an important factor in vulnerability to air pollution and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Mechanisms involved in increasing severity of COVID-19 were discussed, and gaps in knowledge were identified. Conclusions Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution enhanced morbidity and mortality to COVID-19 in a pediatric population associated with induction of oxidative stress. In addition, free radicals present on PM can induce rapid changes in the viral genome that can lead to vaccine escape, altered host susceptibility, and viral pathogenicity. Nutritional antioxidant supplements have been shown to reduce the severity of viral infections, inhibit the inflammatory cytokine storm, and boost host immunity and may be of benefit in combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania A. Cormier
- Louisiana State University, Department of Biological Sciences, and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ayaho Yamamoto
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luan Vu
- Louisiana State University, Department of Biological Sciences, and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William A. Suk
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Superfund Research Program, 530 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, USA
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50
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Srichana T, Chunhachaichana C, Suedee R, Sawatdee S, Changsan N. Oral inhalation of cannabidiol delivered from a metered dose inhaler to alleviate cytokine production induced by SARS-CoV-2 and pollutants. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103805. [PMID: 36159727 PMCID: PMC9482090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) was formulated as a metered dose inhaler (CBD-MDI) and evaluated in vitro for its efficacy as an inhaled dosage form against inflammation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli, silica particles, nicotine, and coal tar. A CBD-MDI formulation was prepared with 50 mg of CBD in 10 mL for a CBD dose of 250 μg/puff. The formulation ingredients included CBD, absolute ethanol as a cosolvent, and HFA-134a as the propellant. High aerosol performance of CBD-MDI was obtained with mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.25 ± 0.01 μm, geometric standard deviation of 1.75 ± 0.00, emitted dose of 244.7 ± 2.1 μg, and fine particle dose of 122.0 ± 1.6 μg. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of CBD-MDI were performed in alveolar macrophage (NR8383) and co-culture of alveolar macrophage (NR8383) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line. CBD delivered from an MDI was safe on respiratory cells and did not trigger an immune response in alveolar macrophages. CBD-MDI effectively reduced the generation of cytokines in immune cells treated with viral antigen S-RBD, bacterial antigen LPS, silica particles, and coal tar. The efficacy of CBD-MDI was comparable to budesonide. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the use of CBD-MDI was more effective in treatment rather than prevention when inflammation was induced by either a viral or bacterial stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center and School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Narumon Changsan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani, 12000, Thailand
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