1
|
Laderach DJ, Compagno D. Inhibition of galectins in cancer: Biological challenges for their clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104625. [PMID: 36703969 PMCID: PMC9872792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins play relevant roles in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Accordingly, galectins are certainly enticing targets for medical intervention in cancer. To date, however, clinical trials based on galectin inhibitors reported inconclusive results. This review summarizes the galectin inhibitors currently being evaluated and discusses some of the biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve these strategies for the benefit of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina,*Correspondence: Diego José Laderach,
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Kortylewicz ZP, McIntyre EM, Sharp JG, Coulter DW. Multifarious Functions of Butyrylcholinesterase in Neuroblastoma: Impact of BCHE Deletion on the Neuroblastoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:293-304. [PMID: 34486544 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and its role in malignancy remain unexplained. Our studies in children newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma indicated that BChE expressions is proportional to MYCN amplification suggesting that pathogenesis of high-risk disease may be related to the persistent expression of abnormally high levels of tumor-associated BChE. BChE-deficient neuroblastoma cells (KO [knockout]) were produced from MYCN -amplified BE(2)-C cells (WT [wild-type]) by the CRISPR-Cas9 targeted disruption of the BCHE locus. KO cells have no detectable BChE activity. The compensatory acetylcholinesterase activity was not detected. The average population doubling time of KO cells is 47.0±2.4 hours, >2× longer than WT cells. Reduced proliferation rates of KO cells were accompanied by the loss of N-Myc protein and a significant deactivation of tyrosine kinase receptors associated with the aggressive neuroblastoma phenotype including Ros1, TrkB, and Ltk. Tumorigenicity of WT and KO cells in male mice was essentially identical. In contrast, KO xenografts in female mice were very small (0.37±0.10 g), ~3× smaller compared with WT xenografts (1.11±0.30 g). Unexpectedly, KO xenografts produced changes in plasma BChE similarly to WT tumors but lesser in magnitude. The disruption of BCHE locus in MYCN -amplified neuroblastoma cells decelerates proliferation and produces neuroblastoma cells that are less aggressive in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John G Sharp
- Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Don W Coulter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liebscher L, Weißenborn C, Langwisch S, Gohlke BO, Preissner R, Rabinovich GA, Christiansen N, Christiansen H, Zenclussen AC, Fest S. A minigene DNA vaccine encoding peptide epitopes derived from Galectin-1 has protective antitumoral effects in a model of neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:105-114. [PMID: 33848518 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, as a novel immune regulator in neuroblastoma (NB). Here, we characterized the tolerogenic function of Gal-1 within the CD8+ T cell compartment and further evaluated its relevance as an antigen for effective DNA vaccination against NB in a mouse model. NB cells with Gal-1 knockdown (NXS-2L) exhibited significantly reduced tumor growth compared to NXS-2 NB cells. Administration of anti-CD8 antibodies prevented this antitumor effect, with primary tumor growth comparable to that from Gal-1 (G1)-sufficient NB cells. Peptide epitope screening with online databases and in silico docking experiments predicted the sequences "FDQADLTI" (#1), "GDFKIKCV" (#2), and "AHGDANTI" (#3) to have superior H2-KK binding affinities and "KFPNRLNM" (#4), "DGDFKIKCV" (#5), and "LGKDSNNL" (#6) to have superior H2-DD binding affinities. Minigenes encoding G1-KK (#1-#2-#3), G1-DD (#4-#5-#6) and the triplet with the highest affinity, G1-H (#1-#2-#4), were generated and cloned into a ubiquitin-containing plasmid (pU). Mice receiving pU-G1-KK or pU-G-1H presented a reduction in the s.c. tumor volume and weight of up to 80% compared to control mice; this reduction was associated with increased cytotoxicity of isolated splenocytes from vaccinated animals. Vaccination with pUG1-DD showed a lower capability to suppress primary tumor progression. In conclusion, Gal-1 expression by NB negatively regulates CD8+ T cells. Vaccination with DNA plasmids encoding Gal-1 epitopes overcomes immune escape, enhances CD8+ T cell-dependent immunity and displays effective antitumor activity against NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Liebscher
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Weißenborn
- Pediatric Immunotherapy Group, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Langwisch
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Oliver Gohlke
- Department of Information Technology, Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Department of Information Technology, Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nina Christiansen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Christiansen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Fest
- Pediatric Immunotherapy Group, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Academic Hospital of University Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Porębska N, Poźniak M, Matynia A, Żukowska D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Galectins as modulators of receptor tyrosine kinases signaling in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:89-106. [PMID: 33863623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) constitute a large group of cell surface proteins that mediate communication of cells with extracellular environment. RTKs recognize external signals and transfer information to the cell interior, modulating key cellular activities, like metabolism, proliferation, motility, or death. To ensure balanced stream of signals the activity of RTKs is tightly regulated by numerous mechanisms, including receptor expression and degradation, ligand specificity and availability, engagement of co-receptors, cellular trafficking of the receptors or their post-translational modifications. One of the most widespread post-translational modifications of RTKs is glycosylation of their extracellular domains. The sugar chains attached to RTKs form a new layer of information, so called glyco-code that is read by galectins, carbohydrate binding proteins. Galectins are family of fifteen lectins implicated in immune response, inflammation, cell division, motility and death. The versatility of cellular activities attributed to galectins is a result of their high abundance and diversity of their cellular targets. A various sugar specificity of galectins and the differential ability of galectin family members to form oligomers affect the spatial distribution and the function of their cellular targets. Importantly, galectins and RTKs are tightly linked to the development, progression and metastasis of various cancers. A growing number of studies points on the close cooperation between RTKs and galectins in eliciting specific cellular responses. This review focuses on the identified complexes between galectins and RTK members and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology both in healthy tissues and in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Poźniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Matynia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The review states that antidepressants (ADs) increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transmission concomitantly in the brain and the blood: ADs increasing BDNF synthesis in specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) could presumably affect megakaryocyte's production of platelets. ADs increase BDNF levels in the CNS and improve mood. In the blood, ADs increase BDNF release from platelets. The hypothesis presented here is that the release of BDNF from platelets contributes to the ADs effects on neurogenesis and on tumor growth in the cancer disease. Oncological studies indicate that chemicals ADs exert an aggravating effect on the cancer disease, possibly by promoting proplatelets formation and enhancing BDNF release from platelets in the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Lavergne
- Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S 1266 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Therese M Jay
- Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S 1266 INSERM, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Girotti MR, Salatino M, Dalotto-Moreno T, Rabinovich GA. Sweetening the hallmarks of cancer: Galectins as multifunctional mediators of tumor progression. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133540. [PMID: 31873723 PMCID: PMC7041721 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed 10 organizing principles that enable growth and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. These distinctive and complementary capabilities, defined as the "hallmarks of cancer," include the ability of tumor cells and their microenvironment to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, promote replicative immortality, induce angiogenesis, support invasion and metastasis, reprogram energy metabolism, induce genomic instability and inflammation, and trigger evasion of immune responses. These common features are hierarchically regulated through different mechanisms, including those involving glycosylation-dependent programs that influence the biological and clinical impact of each hallmark. Galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, have broad influence in tumor progression by rewiring intracellular and extracellular circuits either in cancer or stromal cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In this review, we dissect the role of galectins in shaping cellular circuitries governing each hallmark of tumors, illustrating relevant examples and highlighting novel opportunities for treating human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Romina Girotti
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología Traslacional, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Modeling SHH-driven medulloblastoma with patient iPS cell-derived neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20127-20138. [PMID: 32747535 PMCID: PMC7443968 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920521117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe and utilize a model of medulloblastoma, a malignancy accounting for 20% of all childhood brain cancers. We used iPS-derived neural stem cells with a familial mutation causing aberrant SHH signaling. We show that these cells, when transplanted into mouse cerebellum, form tumors that mimics SHH-driven medulloblastoma, demonstrating the development of cancer from healthy neural stem cells in vivo. Our results show that reprogramming of somatic cells carrying familial cancer mutations can be used to model the initiation and progression of childhood cancer. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Here we describe a medulloblastoma model using Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells generated from a Gorlin syndrome patient carrying a germline mutation in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor PTCH1. We found that Gorlin NES cells formed tumors in mouse cerebellum mimicking human medulloblastoma. Retransplantation of tumor-isolated NES (tNES) cells resulted in accelerated tumor formation, cells with reduced growth factor dependency, enhanced neurosphere formation in vitro, and increased sensitivity to Vismodegib. Using our model, we identified LGALS1 to be a GLI target gene that is up-regulated in both Gorlin tNES cells and SHH-subgroup of medulloblastoma patients. Taken together, we demonstrate that NES cells derived from Gorlin patients can be used as a resource to model medulloblastoma initiation and progression and to identify putative targets.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Yang C, Li X, Du X, Tao Y, Ren J, Fang F, Xie Y, Li M, Qian G, Xu L, Cao X, Wu Y, Lv H, Hu S, Lu J, Pan J. The dual role of BI 2536, a small-molecule inhibitor that targets PLK1, in induction of apoptosis and attenuation of autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:3274-3287. [PMID: 32231733 PMCID: PMC7097946 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in childhood with the overall 5 years' survival less than 40%. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase expressed during mitosis and over expressed in multiple cancers, including neuroblastoma. We found that higher PLK1 expression related to poor outcome of NB patients. BI2536, a small molecule inhibitor against PLK1, significantly reduced cell viability in a panel of NB cell lines, with IC50 less than 100 nM. PLK1 inhibition by BI 2536 treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and cell apoptosis in NB cells. Realtime PCR array revealed the PLK1 inhibition related genes, such as BIRC7, TNFSF10, LGALS1 and DAD1 et al. Moreover, autophagy activity was investigated in the NB cells treated with BI 2536. BI 2536 treatment in NB cells increased LC3-II puncta formation and LC3-II expression. Formation of autophagosome induced by BI 2536 was observed by transmission electron microscopy. However, BI2536 abrogated the autophagic flux in NB cells by reducing SQSTM1/p62 expression and AMPKαT172 phosphorylation. These results provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of cell death induced by BI 2536 and suggest that BI 2536 may act as new candidate drug for neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 5th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanfang Tao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Junli Ren
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chetry M, Song Y, Pan C, Li R, Zhang J, Zhu X. Effects of Galectin-1 on Biological Behavior in Cervical Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1584-1595. [PMID: 32047564 PMCID: PMC6995396 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously revealed that the expression of galectin-1 (LGALS1) was significantly reduced after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in cervical cancer patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of LGALS1 expression on biological behaviors of cervical cancer cells. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry were performed to detect the expression of LGALS1 in cervical cancer tissues and cells (SiHa and C33A). Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of lentivirus-mediated upregulation or downregulation of LGALS1 in cervical cancer cells. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by CCK-8 and BrdU assays, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit was employed to measure the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Transwell invasion and migration assays were also conducted to explore the invasive and migratory capabilities of cervical cancer cells. The expression of apoptosis- (Bcl-2 and Bax), invasion- (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and migration-related (Fascin and Ezrin) proteins, were detected by Western blot analysis. Xenograft mouse model of cervical cancer was generated to explore whether LGALS1 overexpression could promote tumor growth in vivo. Results: LGALS1 was overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines compared to that in normal cervical tissues and epithelium cells. Upregulation of LGALS1 significantly promoted the cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, and enhanced the migratory and invasive abilities of both SiHa and C33A cells, whereas downregulation of LGALS1 led to the opposite results. The level of Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, Fascin, and Erzin expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cells with LGALS1 overexpression, while converse results were obtained in LGALS1 knockdown cancer cells. In vivo study also showed that LGALS1 overexpression facilitated tumor growth of cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: Overexpression of LGALS1 significantly promoted and enhanced the aggressive features of cervical cancer both in vitro and in vivo, which may be associated with high expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, Fascin, and Erzin proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandika Chetry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Potikha T, Pappo O, Mizrahi L, Olam D, Maller SM, Rabinovich GA, Galun E, Goldenberg DS. Lack of galectin-1 exacerbates chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and carcinogenesis in murine hepatocellular carcinoma model. FASEB J 2019; 33:7995-8007. [PMID: 30897344 PMCID: PMC9292271 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation (CLI) is a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Galectin-1 (Gal1) is involved in the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis, exhibiting multiple anti-inflammatory and protumorigenic activities. We aimed to explore its regulatory role in CLI and HCC progression using an established model of CLI-mediated HCC development, Abcb4 [multidrug-resistance 2 (Mdr2)]-knockout (KO) mice, which express high levels of Gal1 in the liver. We generated double-KO (dKO) Gal1-KO/Mdr2-KO mice on C57BL/6 and FVB/N genetic backgrounds and compared HCC development in the generated strains with their parental Mdr2-KO strains. Loss of Gal1 increased liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and ductular reaction in dKO mice of both strains starting from an early age. Aged dKO mutants displayed earlier hepatocarcinogenesis and increased tumor size compared with control Mdr2-KO mice. We found that osteopontin, a well-known modulator of HCC development, and oncogenic proteins Ntrk2 (TrkB) and S100A4 were overexpressed in dKO compared with Mdr2-KO livers. Our results demonstrate that in Mdr2-KO mice, a model of CLI-mediated HCC, Gal1-mediated protection from hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and HCC initiation dominates over its known procarcinogenic activities at later stages of HCC development. These findings suggest that anti-Gal1 treatments may not be applicable at all stages of CLI-mediated HCC.-Potikha, T., Pappo, O., Mizrahi, L., Olam, D., Maller, S. M., Rabinovich, G. A., Galun, E., Goldenberg, D. S. Lack of galectin-1 exacerbates chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and carcinogenesis in murine hepatocellular carcinoma model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Potikha
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene TherapyHadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Orit Pappo
- Department of PathologyHadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Lina Mizrahi
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene TherapyHadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Devorah Olam
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene TherapyHadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Sebastián M. Maller
- Laboratory of ImmunopathologyInstitute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME)Argentinean National Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratory of ImmunopathologyInstitute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME)Argentinean National Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Faculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene TherapyHadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Daniel S. Goldenberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene TherapyHadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common and deadly malignancy mostly observed in children. Evolution of therapeutic options for NB led to the addition of immunotherapeutic modalities to the previously recruited chemotherapeutic options. Molecular studies of the NB cells resulted in the discovery of many tumor-associated genes and antigens such as MYCN gene and GD2. MYCN gene and GD2 surface antigen are two of the most practical discoveries regarding immunotherapy of neuroblastoma. The GD2 antigen has been targeted in many animal and human studies including Phase III clinical trials. Even though these antigens have changed the face of pediatric neuroblastoma, they do not take as much credit in immunotherapy of adult-onset neuroblastoma. Monoclonal antibodies have been designed to detect this antigen on the surface of NB tumor cells. Despite bettering the outcomes for NB patients, current therapies still fail in many cases. Studies are underway to discover more specific tumor-associated antigens and more effective treatment options. In the current narrative, immunotherapy of NB - from emerging of this therapeutic backbone in NB to the latest discoveries regarding this malignancy - has been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Jabbari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang ZJ, Shen QH, Chen HY, Yang Z, Shuai MQ, Zheng SS. Galectin-1 gene silencing inhibits the activation and proliferation but induces the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells from mice with liver fibrosis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:103-116. [PMID: 30365068 PMCID: PMC6257862 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a serious threat to human health, and there is currently no effective clinical drug for treatment of the disease. Although Galectin-1 is effective, its role in liver function, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of Galectin-1 on the activation, proliferation and apoptosis of HSCs in a mouse model of liver fibrosis. Following successful model establishment and tissue collection, mouse HSCs (mHSCs) were identified and an mHSC line was constructed. Subsequently, to determine the role of Galectin-1 in liver fibrosis, the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) pre- and post-transfection were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. In addition, the effects of Galectin-1 on the biological behavior and mitochondrial function of mHSCs were determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry and a scratch test. It was first observed that the expression levels of Galectin-1, TGF-β1, CTGF and α-SMA were downregulated by silencing the gene expression of Galectin-1. Additionally, silencing the gene expression of Galectin-1 inhibited cell cycle progression, proliferation and migration but induced the apoptosis of mHSCs from mice with liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the in vivo experimental results suggested that silencing the gene expression of Galectin-1 improved liver fibrosis. Collectively, it was concluded that silencing the gene expression of Galectin-1 ameliorates liver fibrosis and that functionally suppressing Galectin-1 may be a future therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinyun Branch), Jinyun, Zhejiang 321400, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qi Shuai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Menke K, Schwermer M, Felenda J, Beckmann C, Stintzing F, Schramm A, Zuzak T. Taraxacum officinale extract shows antitumor effects on pediatric cancer cells and enhance mistletoe therapy. Complement Ther Med 2018; 40:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
14
|
Chen K, Cai Y, Zhang M, Wu Z, Wu Y. Both serum and tissue Galectin-1 levels are associated with adverse clinical features in neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27229. [PMID: 29797641 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors. Although the 5-year overall survival rate has increased over the past few decades, high-risk patients still have a poor prognosis due to a lack of biomonitoring therapy. This study was performed to investigate the role of Galectin-1 in neuroblastoma biomonitoring therapy. PROCEDURE A tissue microarray containing 37 neuroblastoma tissue samples was used to evaluate the correlation between Galectin-1 expression and clinical features. Blood samples were examined to better understand whether serum Galectin-1 (sGalectin-1) could be used for biomonitoring therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis and ROC analysis was conducted to distinguish the outcome associated with high or low expression of Galectin-1 in patients with neuroblastoma. RESULTS Increased Galectin-1 expression was found in neuroblastoma and it was further demonstrated that elevated tissue Galectin-1 expression was related to INSS stage, histology, bone marrow metastasis, and poor survival. sGalectin-1 levels were higher in newly diagnosed patients with neuroblastoma than healthy subjects. Patients with elevated sGalectin-1 through treatment cycles correlated with the poor chemo-responses and tended to have worse outcomes, such as metastasis or stable tumor size, whereas gradually decreasing sGalectin-1 levels correlated with no observed progression in clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Tissue and serum Galectin-1 levels were associated with adverse clinical features in patients with neuroblastoma, and sGalectin-1 could be a potential biomarker for monitoring therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxia Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiong X, Li Y, Liu L, Qi K, Zhang C, Chen Y, Fang J. Arsenic trioxide induces cell cycle arrest and affects Trk receptor expression in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Biol Res 2018; 51:18. [PMID: 29898774 PMCID: PMC5998579 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a drug that has been used in China for approximately two thousand years, induces cell death in a variety of cancer cell types, including neuroblastoma (NB). The tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) family comprises three members, namely TrkA, TrkB and TrkC. Various studies have confirmed that TrkA and TrkC expression is associated with a good prognosis in NB, while TrkB overexpression can lead to tumor cell growth and invasive metastasis. Previous studies have shown that As2O3 can inhibit the growth and proliferation of a human NB cell line and can also affect the N-Myc mRNA expression. It remains unclear whether As2O3 regulates Trks for the purposes of treating NB. METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of As2O3 on Trk expression in NB cell lines and its potential therapeutic efficacy. SK-N-SH cells were grown with increasing doses of As2O3 at different time points. We cultured SK-N-SH cells, which were treated with increasing doses of As2O3 at different time points. Trk expression in the NB samples was quantified by immunohistochemistry, and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. TrkA, TrkB and TrkC mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analyses indicated that TrkA and TrkC were over-expressed in NB, and specifically during stages 1, 2 and 4S of the disease progression. TrkB expression was increased in stage 3 and 4 NB. As2O3 significantly arrested SK-N-SH cells in the G2/M phase. In addition, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC expression levels were significantly upregulated by higher concentrations of As2O3 treatment, notably in the 48-h treatment period. Our findings suggested that to achieve the maximum effect and appropriate regulation of Trk expression in NB stages 1, 2 and 4S, As2O3 treatment should be at relatively higher concentrations for longer delivery times;however, for NB stages 3 and 4, an appropriate concentration and infusion time for As2O3 must be carefully determined. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that As2O3 induced Trk expression in SK-N-SH cells to varying degrees and may be a promising adjuvant to current treatments for NB due to its apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Kai Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yueqin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Department of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Jianpei Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Batzke K, Büchel G, Hansen W, Schramm A. TrkB-Target Galectin-1 Impairs Immune Activation and Radiation Responses in Neuroblastoma: Implications for Tumour Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030718. [PMID: 29498681 PMCID: PMC5877579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been described to promote tumour growth by inducing angiogenesis and to contribute to the tumour immune escape. We had previously identified up-regulation of Gal-1 in preclinical models of aggressive neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial tumour of childhood. While Gal-1 did not confer a survival advantage in the absence of exogenous stressors, Gal-1 contributed to enhanced cell migratory and invasive properties. Here, we review these findings and extend them by analyzing Gal-1 mediated effects on immune cell regulation and radiation resistance. In line with previous results, cell autonomous effects as well as paracrine functions contribute to Gal-1 mediated pro-tumourigenic functions. Interfering with Gal-1 functions in vivo will add to a better understanding of the role of the Gal-1 axis in the complex tumour-host interaction during immune-, chemo- and radiotherapy of neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Batzke
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Büchel
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
You Y, Tan JX, Dai HS, Chen HW, Xu XJ, Yang AG, Zhang YJ, Bai LH, Bie P. MiRNA-22 inhibits oncogene galectin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57099-57116. [PMID: 27494859 PMCID: PMC5302976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induce immune privilege and promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by suppressing the immune system. On the other hand, galectin-1 and miRNA-22 (miR-22) are dysregulated in HCC and serve as prognostic indicators for patients. In this study, therefore, we measured galectin-1 and miR-22 expression in HSCs isolated from HCC tissues (Ca-HSCs), and in normal liver tissues (N-HSCs) as a control. We also investigated the apoptosis rate among T cells and the production of cytokines (IFN-η and IL-10) in HSCs co-cultured with T cells. And we used immunohistochemical staining to tested for correlation between galectin-1 expression, CD3 expression and clinicopathological features in 162 HCC patients. Our results showed that galectin-1 expression was much higher in Ca-HSCs than in N-HSCs. Overexpression of galectin-1 promoted HSC-induced T cell apoptosis and cytokine production (IFN-η and IL-10), while miR-22 expression inhibited it. Galectin-1 expression correlated negatively with miR-22 expression in HSCs. High galectin-1 and low CD3 expression levels were associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive microenvironment promoted by HSC-derived galectin-1 in HCC can be inhibited by miR-22. Galectin-1 and miR-22 could potentially serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jia-Xin Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hai-Su Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue-Jun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ai-Gang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lian-Hua Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Bie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, South Western Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lung cancer-derived galectin-1 contributes to cancer associated fibroblast-mediated cancer progression and immune suppression through TDO2/kynurenine axis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:27584-98. [PMID: 27050278 PMCID: PMC5053673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays an important role in cancer development, but the precise mechanisms by which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) impact anti-cancer immunity and cancer progression in lung cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report that lung fibroblasts when activated by lung cancer cells produce tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) that inhibits dendritic cells' differentiation and induces cancer growth as well as migration. We identified TDO2 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) as the main enzyme expressed in fibroblasts capable of tryptophan metabolism. Mechanistically, condition medium of CAF or exogenous kynurenine stimulated AKT, with no lysine 1 (WNK1) and cAMP response element-bindingprotein (CREB) phosphorylation in lung cancer cells. Inhibition of the AKT/CREB pathway prevents cancer proliferation, while inhibition of the AKT/ WNK1 reverted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer migration induced by kynurenine. Moreover, we also demonstrate that lung cancer-derived galectin-1 contributes to the upregulation of TDO2 in CAF through an AKT-dependent pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung cancer surgical specimens revealed increased TDO2 expression in the fibroblasts adjacent to the cancer. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that administration of TDO2 inhibitor significantly improves DCs function and T cell response, and decreases tumor metastasis in mice. Taken together, our data identify the feedback loop, consisting of cancer-derived galectin-1 and CAF-producing kynurenine, that sustains lung cancer progression. These findings suggest that targeting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Schwermer M, Dreesmann S, Eggert A, Althoff K, Steenpass L, Schramm A, Schulte JH, Temming P. Pharmaceutically inhibiting polo-like kinase 1 exerts a broad anti-tumour activity in retinoblastoma cell lines. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 45:288-296. [PMID: 27647547 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant cancer of the eye in children. Although metastatic retinoblastoma is rare, cure rates for this advanced disease remain below 50%. High-level polo-like kinase 1 expression in retinoblastomas has previously been shown to be correlated with adverse outcome parameters. Polo-like kinase 1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle regulation at the G2/M transition. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition has been demonstrated to have anti-tumour effects in preclinical models of several paediatric tumours. Here, we assessed its efficacy against retinoblastoma cell lines. METHODS Expression of polo-like kinase 1 was determined in a panel of retinoblastoma cell lines by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. We analysed viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT assay), proliferation (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), cell cycle progression (propidium iodid staining) and apoptosis (cell death enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in three retinoblastoma cell lines after treatment with two adenosine triphosphate-competitive polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors, BI6727 or GSK461364. Activation of polo-like kinase 1 downstream signalling components including TP53 were assessed. RESULTS Treatment of retinoblastoma cells with either BI6727 or GSK461364 reduced cell viability and proliferative capacity and induced both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition also induced the p53 signalling pathway. Analysis of key players in cell cycle control revealed that low nanomolar concentrations of either polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor upregulated cyclin B1 and increased activated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (phosphorylated at Y15) in retinoblastoma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical data indicate that polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors could be useful as components in rationally designed chemotherapy protocols to treat patients with metastasized retinoblastoma in early phase clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwermer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Dreesmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Steenpass
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Temming
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Eye Oncogenetics Research Group, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hua Z, Gu X, Dong Y, Tan F, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. PI3K and MAPK pathways mediate the BDNF/TrkB-increased metastasis in neuroblastoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5433-z. [PMID: 27752996 PMCID: PMC5250655 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Our previous studies indicated that BDNF activation of TrkB induces chemo-resistance through activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of BDNF/TrkB on metastasis in NB. A tetracycline-regulated TrkB-expressing NB cell line (TB3) was used. Scratch wound healing assay, Boyden chamber migration, and invasion assays were performed to study the migration and invasion of TB3 cells. A tumor xenograft model using SCID-Beige mice was utilized to detect the metastasis of NB tumors in vivo. Inhibitors of PI3K, MAPK, Akt, and mTOR were used. Western blotting was performed to study the expressions of P-Akt, P-Erk, and P-mTOR. Our results showed that in TrkB-expressing NB cells, BDNF treatment significantly increased gap closing (P < 0.01) in scratch wound healing assay, also significantly enhanced the numbers of migrating cells (P < 0.01) and invading cells (P < 0.01) in the Boyden chamber migration and invasion assays. In vivo, NB distant metastases were significantly increased in mice with TrkB-expressing xenograft tumors compared to those with non-TrkB-expressing tumors (P < 0.05). Pre-treatment with any of the inhibitors for PI3K (LY294002), MAPK (PD98059), Akt (perifosine), or mTOR (rapamycin) blocked the BDNF/TrkB-induced increases of cell migration and invasion in TB3 cells, and also blocked the BDNF/TrkB-induced expressions of P-Akt, P-Erk, and P-mTOR. These data indicated that BDNF/TrkB increased metastasis in NB via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways, and BDNF/TrkB and the downstream targets may be potential targets for the treatment of NB metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Hua
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudi Dong
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhijie Li
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ho WL, Hsu WM, Huang MC, Kadomatsu K, Nakagawara A. Protein glycosylation in cancers and its potential therapeutic applications in neuroblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:100. [PMID: 27686492 PMCID: PMC5041531 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most complex post-translational modification of proteins. Altered glycans on the tumor- and host-cell surface and in the tumor microenvironment have been identified to mediate critical events in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Tumor-associated glycan changes comprise increased branching of N-glycans, higher density of O-glycans, generation of truncated versions of normal counterparts, and generation of unusual forms of terminal structures arising from sialylation and fucosylation. The functional role of tumor-associated glycans (Tn, sTn, T, and sLea/x) is dependent on the interaction with lectins. Lectins are expressed on the surface of immune cells and endothelial cells or exist as extracellular matrix proteins and soluble adhesion molecules. Expression of tumor-associated glycans is involved in the dysregulation of glycogenes, which mainly comprise glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms on many glycogenes are associated with malignant transformation. With better understanding of all aspects of cancer-cell glycomics, many tumor-associated glycans have been utilized for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Glycan-based therapeutics has been applied to cancers from breast, lung, gastrointestinal system, melanomas, and lymphomas but rarely to neuroblastomas (NBs). The success of anti-disialoganglioside (GD2, a glycolipid antigen) antibodies sheds light on glycan-based therapies for NB and also suggests the possibility of protein glycosylation-based therapies for NB. This review summarizes our understanding of cancer glycobiology with a focus of how protein glycosylation and associated glycosyltransferases affect cellular behaviors and treatment outcome of various cancers, especially NB. Finally, we highlight potential applications of glycosylation in drug and cancer vaccine development for NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Henrich KO, Bender S, Saadati M, Dreidax D, Gartlgruber M, Shao C, Herrmann C, Wiesenfarth M, Parzonka M, Wehrmann L, Fischer M, Duffy DJ, Bell E, Torkov A, Schmezer P, Plass C, Höfer T, Benner A, Pfister SM, Westermann F. Integrative Genome-Scale Analysis Identifies Epigenetic Mechanisms of Transcriptional Deregulation in Unfavorable Neuroblastomas. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5523-37. [PMID: 27635046 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The broad clinical spectrum of neuroblastoma ranges from spontaneous regression to rapid progression despite intensive multimodal therapy. This diversity is not fully explained by known genetic aberrations, suggesting the possibility of epigenetic involvement in pathogenesis. In pursuit of this hypothesis, we took an integrative approach to analyze the methylomes, transcriptomes, and copy number variations in 105 cases of neuroblastoma, complemented by primary tumor- and cell line-derived global histone modification analyses and epigenetic drug treatment in vitro We found that DNA methylation patterns identify divergent patient subgroups with respect to survival and clinicobiologic variables, including amplified MYCN Transcriptome integration and histone modification-based definition of enhancer elements revealed intragenic enhancer methylation as a mechanism for high-risk-associated transcriptional deregulation. Furthermore, in high-risk neuroblastomas, we obtained evidence for cooperation between PRC2 activity and DNA methylation in blocking tumor-suppressive differentiation programs. Notably, these programs could be re-activated by combination treatments, which targeted both PRC2 and DNA methylation. Overall, our results illuminate how epigenetic deregulation contributes to neuroblastoma pathogenesis, with novel implications for its diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5523-37. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. k.henrich@dkfz
| | - Sebastian Bender
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany & Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Maral Saadati
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Dreidax
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gartlgruber
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunxuan Shao
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Wiesenfarth
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Parzonka
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Wehrmann
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alica Torkov
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany & Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. k.henrich@dkfz
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schwermer M, Lee S, Köster J, van Maerken T, Stephan H, Eggert A, Morik K, Schulte JH, Schramm A. Sensitivity to cdk1-inhibition is modulated by p53 status in preclinical models of embryonal tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15425-35. [PMID: 26029996 PMCID: PMC4558161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the cell cycle and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) is a hallmark of cancer cells. Intervention with cdk function is currently evaluated as a therapeutic option in many cancer types including neuroblastoma (NB), a common solid tumor of childhood. Re-analyses of mRNA profiling data from primary NB revealed that high level mRNA expression of both cdk1 and its corresponding cyclin, CCNB1, were significantly associated with worse patient outcome independent of MYCN amplification, a strong indicator of adverse NB prognosis. Cdk1 as well as CCNB1 expression were readily detectable in all embryonal tumor cell lines investigated. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of cdk1/CCNB1 induced proliferation arrest independent of MYCN status in NB cells. Sensitivity to cdk1 inhibition was modulated by TP53, which was demonstrated using isogenic cells with wild-type TP53 expressing either dominant-negative p53 or a short hairpin RNA directed against TP53. Apoptosis induced by cdk1 inhibition was dependent on caspase activation and was concomitant with upregulation of transcriptional targets of TP53. Our results confirm an essential role for the cdk1/CCNB1 complex in tumor cell survival. As relapsing embryonal tumors often present with p53 pathway alterations, these findings have potential implications for therapy approaches targeting cdks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwermer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sangkyun Lee
- Department of Computer Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Köster
- Department of Genome Informatics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tom van Maerken
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harald Stephan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Morik
- Department of Computer Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Büchel G, Schulte JH, Harrison L, Batzke K, Schüller U, Hansen W, Schramm A. Immune response modulation by Galectin-1 in a transgenic model of neuroblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1131378. [PMID: 27467948 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1131378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been described to promote tumor growth by inducing angiogenesis and to contribute to tumor immune escape by promoting apoptosis of activated T cells. We had previously identified upregulation of Gal-1 in preclinical models of aggressive neuroblastoma (NB), a solid tumor of childhood. However, the clinical and biological relevance of Gal-1 in this tumor entity is unclear. Here, the effect of Gal-1 on the immune system and tumorigenesis was assessed using modulation of Gal-1 expression in immune effector cells and in a transgenic NB model, designated TH-MYCN. The fraction of CD4(+) T cells was decreased in tumor-bearing TH-MYCN mice compared to tumor-free littermates, while both CD4(+) T cells as well as CD8(+) T cells were less activated, compatible with a reduced immune response in tumor-bearing mice. Tumor incidence was not significantly altered by decreasing Gal-1/LGALS1 gene dosage in TH-MYCN mice, but TH-MYCN/Gal-1(-/-) double transgenic mice displayed impaired tumor angiogenesis, splenomegaly, and impaired T cell tumor-infiltration with no differences in T cell activation and apoptosis rate. Additionally, a lower migratory capacity of Gal-1 deficient CD4(+) T cells toward tumor cells was observed in vitro. Transplantation of TH-MYCN-derived tumor cells into syngeneic mice resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth and elevated immune cell infiltration when Gal-1 was downregulated by shRNA. We therefore conclude that T cell-derived Gal-1 mediates T cell tumor-infiltration, whereas NB-derived Gal-1 promotes tumor growth. This opposing effect of Gal-1 in NB should be considered in therapeutic targeting strategies, as currently being developed for other tumor entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Büchel
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine , Berlin, Germany
| | - Luke Harrison
- Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Batzke
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chawla S, Warren TA, Wockner LF, Lambie DLJ, Brown IS, Martin TPC, Khanna R, Leggatt GR, Panizza BJ. Galectin-1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cutaneous head and neck cancer with perineural spread. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:213-22. [PMID: 26759008 PMCID: PMC11028814 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spread of head and neck cancer along the cranial nerves is often a lethal complication of this tumour. Current treatment options include surgical resection and/or radiotherapy, but recurrence is a frequent event suggesting that our understanding of this tumour and its microenvironment is incomplete. In this study, we have analysed the nature of the perineural tumour microenvironment by immunohistochemistry with particular focus on immune cells and molecules, which might impair anti-tumour immunity. Moderate to marked lymphocyte infiltrates were present in 58.8% of the patient cohort including T cells, B cells and FoxP3-expressing T cells. While human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and more variably HLA class II were expressed on the tumour cells, this did not associate with patient survival or recurrence. In contrast, galectin-1 staining within lymphocyte areas of the tumour was significantly associated with a poorer patient outcome. Given the known role of galectin-1 in immune suppression, the data suggest that galectin inhibitors might improve the prognosis of patients with perineural spread of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Chawla
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 237 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Timothy A Warren
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 237 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leesa F Wockner
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Duncan L J Lambie
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- IQ Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Thomas P C Martin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 237 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benedict J Panizza
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 237 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Esmailiejah AA, Taheriazam A, Golbakhsh MR, Jamshidi M, Shakeri M, Yahaghi E, Moghtadaei M. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Analysis of serum levels and tissue expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 as noninvasive biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:10.1007/s13277-015-4194-4. [PMID: 26453117 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Esmailiejah
- Department of Orthopedics, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Golbakhsh
- Department of Orthopedics, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamshidi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shakeri
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghtadaei
- Department of Orthopedic, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang D, Gao J, Wang S, Yuan Z, Ye N, Chong Y, Xu C, Jiang X, Li B, Yin W, Miao Y, Wang D, Jiang K. Apoptosis and anergy of T cell induced by pancreatic stellate cells-derived galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5617-26. [PMID: 25725585 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding protein implicated in cancer cell immune privilege, was highly expressed in activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between PSC-derived galectin-1 and tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer. Isolated PSCs were identified as normal pancreas cells (hNPSCs) or pancreatic cancer cells (hCaPSCs) by immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA and vimentin, and galectin-1 expression was evaluated by Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. Apoptosis, caspase activity, and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-β, and IFN-γ) of T cells co-cultured with PSCs were evaluated, and immunohistochemical staining of galectin-1 was correlated with CD3 and clinicopathological variables in 66 pancreatic cancer and 10 normal pancreatic tissue samples. hCaPSCs exhibited higher galectin-1 expression than did hNPSCs, and hCaPSCs induced higher levels of apoptosis in T cells following co-culture. hCaPSCs activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and stimulated secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) but decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines (TNF-β and IFN-γ), compared with hNPSCs. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that galectin-1 and CD3 were more highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue. Galectin-1 expression was highest in poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer cells and lowest in well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells and was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, differentiation, and UICC stage. However, CD3 expression showed the opposite trend and was highest in well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells and was associated with tumor differentiation and UICC stage. High expression of galectin-1 was associated with short survival, as was low expression of CD3. hCaPSC-derived galectin-1 enhanced apoptosis and anergy of T cells in pancreatic cancer, which contributes to the immune escape of pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sagi O, Budovsky A, Wolfson M, Fraifeld VE. ShcC proteins: brain aging and beyond. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 19:34-42. [PMID: 25462193 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To date, most studies of Shc family of signaling adaptor proteins have been focused on the near-ubiquitously expressed ShcA, indicating its relevance to age-related diseases and longevity. Although the role of the neuronal ShcC protein is much less investigated, accumulated evidence suggests its importance for neuroprotection against such aging-associated conditions as brain ischemia and oxidative stress. Here, we summarize more than decade of studies on the ShcC expression and function in normal brain, age-related brain pathologies and immune disorders with a focus on the interactions of ShcC with signaling proteins/pathways, and the possible implications of these interactions for changes associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orli Sagi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Arie Budovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Judea Regional Research & Development Center, Carmel 90404, Israel
| | - Marina Wolfson
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Vadim E Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thor T, Künkele A, Pajtler KW, Wefers AK, Stephan H, Mestdagh P, Heukamp L, Hartmann W, Vandesompele J, Sadowski N, Becker L, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Horsch M, Calzada-Wack J, Klein-Rodewald T, Racz I, Zimmer A, Beckers J, Neff F, Klopstock T, De Antonellis P, Zollo M, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Schüller U, de Angelis MH, Eggert A, Schramm A, Schulte JH. MiR-34a deficiency accelerates medulloblastoma formation in vivo. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2293-303. [PMID: 25348795 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have evaluated the role of miRNAs in cancer initiation and progression. MiR-34a was found to be downregulated in several tumors, including medulloblastomas. Here we employed targeted transgenesis to analyze the function of miR-34a in vivo. We generated mice with a constitutive deletion of the miR-34a gene. These mice were devoid of mir-34a expression in all analyzed tissues, but were viable and fertile. A comprehensive standardized phenotypic analysis including more than 300 single parameters revealed no apparent phenotype. Analysis of miR-34a expression in human medulloblastomas and medulloblastoma cell lines revealed significantly lower levels than in normal human cerebellum. Re-expression of miR-34a in human medulloblastoma cells reduced cell viability and proliferation, induced apoptosis and downregulated the miR-34a target genes, MYCN and SIRT1. Activation of the Shh pathway by targeting SmoA1 transgene overexpression causes medulloblastoma in mice, which is dependent on the presence and upregulation of Mycn. Analysis of miR-34a in medulloblastomas derived from ND2:SmoA1(tg) mice revealed significant suppression of miR-34a compared to normal cerebellum. Tumor incidence was significantly increased and tumor formation was significantly accelerated in mice transgenic for SmoA1 and lacking miR-34a. Interestingly, Mycn and Sirt1 were strongly expressed in medulloblastomas derived from these mice. We here demonstrate that miR-34a is dispensable for normal development, but that its loss accelerates medulloblastomagenesis. Strategies aiming to re-express miR-34a in tumors could, therefore, represent an efficient therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Thor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55 45147, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, and represents a significant clinical challenge in pediatric oncology, since overall survival currently remains under 70%. Patients with tumors overexpressing MYC or harboring a MYC oncogene amplification have an extremely poor prognosis. Pharmacologically inhibiting MYC expression may, thus, have clinical utility given its pathogenetic role in medulloblastoma. Recent studies using the selective small molecule BET inhibitor, JQ1, have identified BET bromodomain proteins, especially BRD4, as epigenetic regulatory factors for MYC and its targets. Targeting MYC expression by BET inhibition resulted in antitumoral effects in various cancers. Our aim here was to evaluate the efficacy of JQ1 against preclinical models for high-risk MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Treatment of medulloblastoma cell lines with JQ1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and preferentially induced apoptosis in cells expressing high levels of MYC. JQ1 treatment of medulloblastoma cell lines downregulated MYC expression and resulted in a transcriptional deregulation of MYC targets, and also significantly altered expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression and p53 signalling. JQ1 treatment prolonged the survival of mice harboring medulloblastoma xenografts and reduced the tumor burden in these mice. Our preclinical data provide evidence to pursue testing BET inhibitors, such as JQ1, as molecular targeted therapeutic options for patients with high-risk medulloblastomas overexpressing MYC or harboring MYC amplifications.
Collapse
|
31
|
Althoff K, Beckers A, Bell E, Nortmeyer M, Thor T, Sprüssel A, Lindner S, De Preter K, Florin A, Heukamp LC, Klein-Hitpass L, Astrahantseff K, Kumps C, Speleman F, Eggert A, Westermann F, Schramm A, Schulte JH. A Cre-conditional MYCN-driven neuroblastoma mouse model as an improved tool for preclinical studies. Oncogene 2014; 34:3357-68. [PMID: 25174395 PMCID: PMC4487199 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer that originates from neural crest-derived cells, is the most common deadly solid tumor of infancy. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene, which occurs in approximately 20–25% of human neuroblastomas, is the most prominent genetic marker of high-stage disease. The availability of valid preclinical in vivo models is a prerequisite to develop novel targeted therapies. We here report on the generation of transgenic mice with Cre-conditional induction of MYCN in dopamine β-hydroxylase-expressing cells, termed LSL-MYCN;Dbh-iCre. These mice develop neuroblastic tumors with an incidence of >75%, regardless of strain background. Molecular profiling of tumors revealed upregulation of the MYCN-dependent miR-17–92 cluster as well as expression of neuroblastoma marker genes, including tyrosine hydroxylase and the neural cell adhesion molecule 1. Gene set enrichment analyses demonstrated significant correlation with MYC-associated expression patterns. Array comparative genome hybridization showed that chromosomal aberrations in LSL-MYCN;Dbh-iCre tumors were syntenic to those observed in human neuroblastomas. Treatment of a cell line established from a tumor derived from a LSL-MYCN;Dbh-iCre mouse with JQ1 or MLN8237 reduced cell viability and demonstrated oncogene addiction to MYCN. Here we report establishment of the first Cre-conditional human MYCN-driven mouse model for neuroblastoma that closely recapitulates the human disease with respect to tumor localization, histology, marker expression and genomic make up. This mouse model is a valuable tool for further functional studies and to assess the effect of targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Althoff
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Hufelandstr, Germany
| | - A Beckers
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Bell
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Nortmeyer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Thor
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Hufelandstr, Germany [3] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany [4] Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Sprüssel
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Hufelandstr, Germany [3] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany [4] Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Lindner
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Hufelandstr, Germany [3] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany [4] Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Florin
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L C Heukamp
- 1] Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] New Oncology -a division of Blackfield AG, Köln, Germany
| | - L Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K Astrahantseff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and BMT, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kumps
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and BMT, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Westermann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J H Schulte
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Hufelandstr, Germany [3] Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium [4] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany [5] Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Berois N, Osinaga E. Glycobiology of neuroblastoma: impact on tumor behavior, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2014; 4:114. [PMID: 24904828 PMCID: PMC4033258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), accounting for 10% of childhood cancers, exhibits aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns. There is evidence that changes in glycolipids and protein glycosylation pathways are associated to NB biological behavior. Polysialic acid (PSA) interferes with cellular adhesion, and correlates with NB progression and poor prognosis, as well as the expression of sialyltransferase STX, the key enzyme responsible for PSA synthesis. Galectin-1 and gangliosides, overexpressed and actively shedded by tumor cells, can modulate normal cells present in the tumor microenvironment, favoring angiogenesis and immunological escape. Different glycosyltransferases are emerging as tumor markers and potential molecular targets. Immunotherapy targeting disialoganglioside GD2 rises as an important treatment option. One anti-GD2 antibody (ch14.18), combined with IL-2 and GM-CSF, significantly improves survival for high-risk NB patients. This review summarizes our current knowledge on NB glycobiology, highlighting the molecular basis by which carbohydrates and protein–carbohydrate interactions impact on biological behavior and patient clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo , Uruguay ; Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bacigalupo ML, Manzi M, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF. Hierarchical and selective roles of galectins in hepatocarcinogenesis, liver fibrosis and inflammation of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8831-49. [PMID: 24379606 PMCID: PMC3870534 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health problem. Infections with hepatitis B or C virus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis disease, alcohol abuse, or dietary exposure to aflatoxin are the major risk factors to the development of this tumor. Regardless of the carcinogenic insult, HCC usually develops in a context of cirrhosis due to chronic inflammation and advanced fibrosis. Galectins are a family of evolutionarily-conserved proteins defined by at least one carbohydrate recognition domain with affinity for β-galactosides and conserved sequence motifs. Here, we summarize the current literature implicating galectins in the pathogenesis of HCC. Expression of "proto-type" galectin-1, "chimera-type" galectin-3 and "tandem repeat-type" galectin-4 is up-regulated in HCC cells compared to their normal counterparts. On the other hand, the "tandem-repeat-type" lectins galectin-8 and galectin-9 are down-regulated in tumor hepatocytes. The abnormal expression of these galectins correlates with tumor growth, HCC cell migration and invasion, tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis. Moreover, these galectins have important roles in other pathological conditions of the liver, where chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis take place. Galectin-based therapies have been proposed to attenuate liver pathologies. Further functional studies are required to delineate the precise molecular mechanisms through which galectins contribute to HCC.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ambjørn M, Dubreuil V, Miozzo F, Nigon F, Møller B, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Berg J, Lees M, Sap J. A loss-of-function screen for phosphatases that regulate neurite outgrowth identifies PTPN12 as a negative regulator of TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65371. [PMID: 23785422 PMCID: PMC3681791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in function of the neurotrophin BDNF are associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disorders. BDNF promotes axonal outgrowth and branching, regulates dendritic tree morphology and is important for axonal regeneration after injury, responses that largely result from activation of its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. Although intracellular neurotrophin (NT) signaling presumably reflects the combined action of kinases and phosphatases, little is known about the contributions of the latter to TrkB regulation. The issue is complicated by the fact that phosphatases belong to multiple independently evolved families, which are rarely studied together. We undertook a loss-of-function RNA-interference-based screen of virtually all known (254) human phosphatases to understand their function in BDNF/TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. This approach identified phosphatases from diverse families, which either positively or negatively modulate BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth, and most of which have little or no previously established function related to NT signaling. “Classical” protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) accounted for 13% of the candidate regulatory phosphatases. The top classical PTP identified as a negative regulator of BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth was PTPN12 (also called PTP-PEST). Validation and follow-up studies showed that endogenous PTPN12 antagonizes tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB itself, and the downstream activation of ERK1/2. We also found PTPN12 to negatively regulate phosphorylation of p130cas and FAK, proteins with previously described functions related to cell motility and growth cone behavior. Our data provide the first comprehensive survey of phosphatase function in NT signaling and neurite outgrowth. They reveal the complexity of phosphatase control, with several evolutionarily unrelated phosphatase families cooperating to affect this biological response, and hence the relevance of considering all phosphatase families when mining for potentially druggable targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene Ambjørn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Véronique Dubreuil
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federico Miozzo
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Nigon
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bente Møller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Berg
- Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Lees
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Sap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen J, Zhou SJ, Zhang Y, Zhang GQ, Zha TZ, Feng YZ, Zhang K. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of galectin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2073-2079. [PMID: 23599627 PMCID: PMC3623985 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i13.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the expression of galectin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric cancer and investigate their relationships with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic significance.
METHODS: Galectin-1 and VEGF were immunohistochemically investigated in tumor samples obtained from 214 gastric cancer patients with all tumor stages. Immunohistochemical analyses for galectin-1 and VEGF expression were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of surgical specimens. The relationship between the expression and staining intensity of galectin-1 and VEGF, clinicopathologic variables, and patient survival were analyzed. All patients underwent follow-up until cancer-related death or more than five years after tumor resection. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that 138 of 214 gastric cancer samples (64.5%) were positive for galectin-1, and 116 out of 214 gastric cancer samples (54.2%) were positive for VEGF. There was a significant association between galectin-1 and VEGF expression; VEGF was detected in 60.1% of galectin-1-positive samples and 43.4% of galectin-1-negative samples (P < 0.05). Galectin-1 expression was associated with tumor size, tumor location, stage, lymph node metastases, and VEGF expression (all P < 0.05). VEGF expression was related to tumor size, stage, and lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate was 56.6% for galectin-1-positive patients and 69.2% for galectin-1-negative patients, and the prognosis for galectin-1-positive patients was significantly poorer compared with galectin-1-negative patients (χ2 = 13.880, P = 0.000). The 5-year survival rates for VEGF-positive and VEGF-negative patients were 53.4% and 70.5%, respectively (χ2 = 4.619, P = 0.032). The overall survival rate of patients with both galectin-1 and VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer tissue samples was significantly poorer than other groups (both P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Galectin-1 expression was positively associated with VEGF expression. Both galectin-1 and VEGF can serve as independent prognostic indicators of poor survival for gastric cancer after gastrectomy.
Collapse
|
36
|
Constitutively active TrkB confers an aggressive transformed phenotype to a neural crest-derived cell line. Oncogene 2013; 33:977-85. [PMID: 23455321 PMCID: PMC3930615 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises from sympathoadrenal progenitors of the neural crest and expression of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB and its ligand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is correlated with poor prognosis. Although activated TrkB signaling promotes a more aggressive phenotype in established neuroblastoma cell lines, whether TrkB signaling is sufficient to transform neural crest-derived cells has not been investigated. To address the role of TrkB signaling in malignant transformation, we removed two immunoglobulin-like domains from the extracellular domain of the full-length rat TrkB receptor to create a ΔIgTrkB that is constitutively active. In the pheochromocytoma-derived cell line PC12, ΔIgTrkB promotes differentiation by stimulating process outgrowth; however, in the rat neural crest-derived cell line NCM-1, ΔIgTrkB signaling produces a markedly transformed phenotype characterized by increased proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth, anoikis resistance and matrix invasion. Furthermore, expression of ΔIgTrkB leads to the upregulation of many transcripts encoding cancer-associated genes including cyclind1, twist1 and hgf, as well as downregulation of tumor suppressors such as pten and rb1. In addition, ΔIgTrkB NCM-1 cells show a 21-fold increase in mRNA for MYCN, the most common genetic marker for a poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. When injected into NOD SCID mice, control GFP NCM-1 cells fail to grow whereas ΔIgTrkB NCM-1 cells form rapidly growing and invasive tumors necessitating euthanasia of all mice by 15 days post injection. In summary, these results indicate that activated TrkB signaling is sufficient to promote the formation of a highly malignant phenotype in neural crest-derived cells.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dhondge A, Surendran S, Seralathan MV, Naoghare PK, Krishnamurthi K, Devi SS, Chakrabarti T. Cellular alterations and modulation of protein expression in bitumen-challenged human osteoblast cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:4030-4041. [PMID: 22528993 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are many arguments on the carcinogenic potential of bitumen extract. The mechanism of bitumen-induced damage is not well understood at the molecular level. Therefore, in the present study, cell-transforming and tumor-inducing potential of bitumen extract was studied using in vitro [human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells] and in vivo [nude and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice] models. METHODS Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to find out the existence of carcinogenic compounds in the bitumen extract. Cell transformation test, anchorage independence assay, karyotyping assay, tumorigenicity assay, and 2-DE analysis were used to find out the effect of bitumen using the in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS GC/MS analysis showed the existence of carcinogenic compounds in the bitumen extract. HOS cells were treated with different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μl/ml) of bitumen extract. Compared to the parental HOS cells, bitumen transformants (HOS T1 and HOS T2) showed the characteristics of anchorage independency, chromosomal anomaly, and cellular transformation. Interestingly, bitumen transformants were not able to form tumor in nude/SCID mice. Proteomic analysis revealed the existence of 19 differentially expressed proteins involved in progression of cancer, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, etc. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of bitumen extract to HOS cells results in the cellular transformation similar to cancer cells and can modulate proteins involved in the progression of cancer. We state that the non-tumorogenic potential of bitumen transformant in nude/SCID mice can be attributed to the downregulation of galectin-1, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1-like gene, and membrane-associated guanylate kinase 2 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Dhondge
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim HJ, Do IG, Jeon HK, Cho YJ, Park YA, Choi JJ, Sung CO, Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim TJ, Kim BG, Lee JW, Bae DS. Galectin 1 expression is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in stage IB to IIA cervical cancer. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:62-8. [PMID: 22939954 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Galectin 1 is a 14-kd laminin-binding lectin involved in important biologic mechanisms of tumors, including neoplastic transformation, cell survival, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the role of galectin 1 in cell survival and metastasis in cervical cancer. The expression of galectin 1 was determined in 73 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissues using an immunohistochemical method and compared with clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence after surgery. To evaluate the role of galectin 1 in cell proliferation and invasion, we performed proliferation and invasion assays with galectin 1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) using cervical cancer cell lines, including HeLa and SiHa cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that galectin 1 expression was found in most peritumoral stroma samples (72/73; 98.6%). Galectin 1 expression was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion in the cervix (P=.015) and lymph node metastasis (P=.045) on univariate analysis. When progression-free survival of all of the patients studied was analyzed based upon galectin 1 expression, galectin 1 expression was not correlated with progression-free survival (P=.32). Down-regulation of galectin 1 using small interfering RNA resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover, the ability of cells to invade was significantly reduced by galectin 1 small interfering RNA. Our results revealed that high galectin 1 expression in peritumoral stroma was significantly correlated with depth of invasion in cervical lesions and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer and that galectin 1 may be functionally involved in cell proliferation and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim HJ, Jeon HK, Cho YJ, Park YA, Choi JJ, Do IG, Song SY, Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim TJ, Bae DS, Lee JW, Kim BG. High galectin-1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and is involved in epithelial ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:1914-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
40
|
Liu Z, Zhang Q, Peng H, Zhang WZ. Animal lectins: potential antitumor therapeutic targets in apoptosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:629-37. [PMID: 22826026 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lectins, a group of carbohydrate-binding proteins ubiquitously distributed into plants and animals, are well-known to have astonishing numerous links to human cancers. In this review, we present a brief outline of the representative animal lectins such as galectins, C-type lectins, and annexins by targeting programmed cell death (or apoptosis) pathways, and also summarize these representative lectins as possible anti-cancer drug targets. Taken together, these inspiring findings would provide a comprehensive perspective for further elucidating the multifaceted roles of animal lectins in apoptosis pathways of cancer, which, in turn, may ultimately help us to exploit lectins for their therapeutic purposes in future drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Makino K, Kawamura K, Sato W, Kawamura N, Fujimoto T, Terada Y. Inhibition of uterine sarcoma cell growth through suppression of endogenous tyrosine kinase B signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41049. [PMID: 22911740 PMCID: PMC3402458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma is an aggressive tumor typically found at advanced stages due to difficulties with early diagnosis. Because uterine leiomyosarcoma is resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy, the development of more potent medical therapeutics is anticipated. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining, we found the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotropin-4/5, together with their receptor, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), in different uterine sarcoma cell lines and primary tumor samples from uterine leiomyosarcoma patients. We noted that levels of BDNF were more abundant than those of neurotropin-4/5. Moreover, the expression of TrkB and its ligands was elevated in a multidrug-resistant cell line and samples obtained from patients with leiomyosarcoma. In cultured uterine sarcoma cells, inhibition of endogenous TrkB signaling by treatment with either the soluble TrkB ectodomain or the Trk receptor inhibitor, K252a, suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis based on cell viability and proliferation, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick end-labeling and caspase-3/7 assays, whereas an inactive plasma membrane nonpermeable K252b was ineffective. Correspondingly, treatment with exogenous BDNF increased cell proliferation. In in vivo studies in athymic nude mice bearing multidrug-resistant uterine sarcoma cell tumors, we demonstrate suppression of tumor growth by treatment with K252a, but not K252b, as reflected by decreased cell proliferation and increased levels of apoptosis and caspase-3/7 activities without obvious side effects. Our findings indicated that endogenous signaling of the TrkB pathway contributed to uterine sarcoma cell growth, and inhibition of TrkB signaling in these tumors could provide a novel medical therapy for patients with uterine sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Nanami Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neuroblastoma triggers an immunoevasive program involving galectin-1-dependent modulation of T cell and dendritic cell compartments. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:1131-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
43
|
Verissimo CS, Molenaar JJ, Fitzsimons CP, Vreugdenhil E. Neuroblastoma therapy: what is in the pipeline? Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:R213-31. [PMID: 21971288 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the expansion of knowledge about neuroblastoma (NB) in recent years, the therapeutic outcome for children with a high-risk NB has not significantly improved. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. This might be achieved by aiming future efforts at recently proposed but not yet developed targets for NB therapy. In this review, we discuss the recently proposed molecular targets that are in clinical trials and, in particular, those that are not yet explored in the clinic. We focus on the selection of these molecular targets for which promising in vitro and in vivo results have been obtained by silencing/inhibiting them. In addition, these selected targets are involved at least in one of the NB tumorigenic processes: proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis and/or metastasis. In particular, we will review a recently proposed target, the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) encoded by doublecortin-like kinase gene (DCLK1). DCLK1-derived MAPs are crucial for proliferation and survival of neuroblasts and are highly expressed not only in NB but also in other tumours such as gliomas. Additionally, we will discuss neuropeptide Y, its Y2 receptor and cathepsin L as examples of targets to decrease angiogenesis and metastasis of NB. Furthermore, we will review the micro-RNAs that have been proposed as therapeutic targets for NB. Detailed investigation of these not yet developed targets as well as exploration of multi-target approaches might be the key to a more effective NB therapy, i.e. increasing specificity, reducing toxicity and avoiding long-term side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Verissimo
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Gorlaeus Laboratories, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fung W, Hasan MY, Loh AHP, Chua JHY, Yong MH, Knight L, Hwang WS, Chan MY, Seow WT, Jacobsen AS, Chui CH, Seow WT, Tew SW, Jacobsen AS, Chui CH, Hon CC. Gene expression of TRK neurotrophin receptors in advanced neuroblastomas in Singapore--a pilot study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011; 28:571-8. [PMID: 21728718 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2011.575443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical hallmark of neuroblastoma is heterogeneity. Biologically, ploidy and N-Myc amplification are currently the only 2 features used to define risk group and to determine therapy. Tyrosine kinase neurotrophin receptors (Trks, including TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) are important in the clinical and biological behavior of neuroblastomas. The authors aim to study Trks gene expression in their local population of advanced neuroblastoma patients. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on the expression of TrkA, TrkB, TrkB-truncated, and TrkC was performed on a total of 19 advanced neuroblastoma archival tumors, diagnosed in KK Women's and Children's Hospital between 2003 and 2007. Of the 19 tumors investigated, Trks expression was present in 14 (73.6%) cases. Of these cases, 8 (42.1%), 10 (52.6%), 7 (36.8%), and 6 (31.6%) expressed TrkA, TrkB, TrkB-truncated, and TrkC receptor mRNAs, respectively. Subsequently, the authors compared Trks expression with N-Myc amplification status of the 19 patients. N-Myc was amplified in 5 (26.3%) of the cases. Within the non-N-Myc-amplified group, Trks expression was present in 9 (64%) of the 14 cases. The significant expression of Trk isoforms among advanced neuroblastoma cases as evident from this study support their role as possible risk assessment tools alongside N-Myc amplification status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Fung
- Division of Surgery, KKWomen’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cimmino F, Scoppettuolo MN, Carotenuto M, De Antonellis P, Dato VD, De Vita G, Zollo M. Norcantharidin impairs medulloblastoma growth by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:59-70. [PMID: 21735115 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric cancer. Wnt-active tumors, an independent molecular subgroup in medulloblastoma, are characterized by a distinct pattern of genomic aberrations. We assessed the anticancer activity of cantharidin and norcantharidin against medulloblastoma, as cell lines in vitro and in athymic nude mice in vivo. Cantharidin and norcantharidin treatment impaired the growth of DAOY and UW228 medulloblastoma cells and promoted the loss of β-catenin activation and the β-catenin nuclearization linked to N-cadherin impairment in vitro. Intra-peritoneal administration of norcantharidin inhibited the growth of intra-cerebellum tumors in orthotopic xenograft nude mice. Analysis of the xenograft tissues revealed enhanced neuronal differentiation and reduced β-catenin expression. Our findings suggest that norcantharidin has potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of medulloblastoma as a result of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and its impairment of Wnt-β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cimmino
- CEINGE, Centro di Ingegneria Genetica, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anagnostopoulos AK, Dimas KS, Papathanassiou C, Braoudaki M, Anastasiadou E, Vougas K, Karamolegou K, Kontos H, Prodromou N, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Tsangaris GT. Proteomics Studies of Childhood Pilocytic Astrocytoma. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2555-65. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200024m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S. Dimas
- Pharmacology Division, Center of Basic Research I, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrissa Papathanassiou
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Childhood Genetic and Malignant Diseases, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vougas
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karamolegou
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Harry Kontos
- “Genomedica” Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Neofytos Prodromou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou
- University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Childhood Genetic and Malignant Diseases, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Th. Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lonergan KM, Chari R, Coe BP, Wilson IM, Tsao MS, Ng RT, MacAulay C, Lam S, Lam WL. Transcriptome profiles of carcinoma-in-situ and invasive non-small cell lung cancer as revealed by SAGE. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9162. [PMID: 20161782 PMCID: PMC2820080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents as a progressive disease spanning precancerous, preinvasive, locally invasive, and metastatic lesions. Identification of biological pathways reflective of these progressive stages, and aberrantly expressed genes associated with these pathways, would conceivably enhance therapeutic approaches to this devastating disease. Methodology/Principal Findings Through the construction and analysis of SAGE libraries, we have determined transcriptome profiles for preinvasive carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, and compared these with expression profiles generated from both bronchial epithelium, and precancerous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Expression of genes associated with epidermal development, and loss of expression of genes associated with mucociliary biology, are predominant features of CIS, largely shared with precancerous lesions. Additionally, expression of genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism/detoxification is a notable feature of CIS, and is largely maintained in invasive cancer. Genes related to tissue fibrosis and acute phase immune response are characteristic of the invasive SCC phenotype. Moreover, the data presented here suggests that tissue remodeling/fibrosis is initiated at the early stages of CIS. Additionally, this study indicates that alteration in copy-number status represents a plausible mechanism for differential gene expression in CIS and invasive SCC. Conclusions/Significance This study is the first report of large-scale expression profiling of CIS of the lung. Unbiased expression profiling of these preinvasive and invasive lesions provides a platform for further investigations into the molecular genetic events relevant to early stages of squamous NSCLC development. Additionally, up-regulated genes detected at extreme differences between CIS and invasive cancer may have potential to serve as biomarkers for early detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Lonergan
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Raj Chari
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bradley P. Coe
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian M. Wilson
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond T. Ng
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calum MacAulay
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Spano D, Russo R, Di Maso V, Rosso N, Terracciano LM, Roncalli M, Tornillo L, Capasso M, Tiribelli C, Iolascon A. Galectin-1 and its involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness. Mol Med 2009; 16:102-15. [PMID: 20200618 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite several efforts to elucidate hepatocellular carcinoma molecular pathogenesis, it is still not fully understood. To acquire further insights into the molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma, we performed a systematic functional genomic approach on human HuH-7 and JHH-6 cells. The subsequent analysis of the differentially expressed genes in human specimens revealed a molecular signature of 11 genes from which we selected the LGALS1 gene, which was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression analysis in humans of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), the protein encoded by LGALS1, showed a Gal-1 preferential accumulation in the stromal tissue around hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. Moreover, a significant association between increased expression of Gal-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and the presence of metastasis was observed. Interestingly, Gal-1 overexpression resulted in an increase of cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, this study provides a portfolio of targets useful for future investigations into molecular marker-discovery studies on a large number of patients and functional assays. In addition, our data provide evidence that Gal-1 plays a role in hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion, and we suggest that further studies should be conducted to fully establish the role of Gal-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and evaluate Gal-1 as a potential molecular therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
49
|
Baatar D, Olkhanud PB, Wells V, Indig FE, Mallucci L, Biragyn A. Tregs utilize beta-galactoside-binding protein to transiently inhibit PI3K/p21ras activity of human CD8+ T cells to block their TCR-mediated ERK activity and proliferation. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:1028-37. [PMID: 19520156 PMCID: PMC2752359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and beta-galactoside-binding protein (betaGBP), a regulatory protein often found expressed at sites of immunological privilege, have similar functions. Their presence affects the outcome of harmful autoimmunity and cancers, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and malignant gliomas. Here we report a novel pathway by which Tregs express and utilize betaGBP to control CD8(+) T cell responses partially activating TCR signaling but blocking PI3K activity. As a result, this leads to a loss of p21(ras), ERK and Akt activities despite activation of TCR proximal signals, such as phosphorylation of CD3zeta, Zap70, Lat and PKCtheta. Although non-processive TCR signaling often leads to cell anergy, Tregs/betaGBP did not affect cell viability. Instead, betaGBP/Tregs transiently prevented activation of CD8(+) T cells with self-antigens, while keeping their responses to xenogeneic antigens unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerie Wells
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Cell Signaling and Growth Laboratory, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fred E. Indig
- Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Livio Mallucci
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Cell Signaling and Growth Laboratory, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Please address correspondences to: Arya Biragyn, Ph.D. National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224. Ph. (410) 558-8680; Fax: (410) 558-8284;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Differential roles of Trk and p75 neurotrophin receptors in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance ex vivo and in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:1047-56. [PMID: 19701634 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptors TrkA (NGF receptor) and TrkC (NT-3 receptor) have been shown to be important in staging disease and predicting progression and drug response for various neoplasias such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and prostate cancer. Less is known about the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in cancer, but it influences metastatic potential in glioblastoma. To determine the effect of each neurotrophin receptor or co-receptor expression in tumorigenesis, we examined PC12 pheochromocytomas. PC12 wild type (TrkA(+), p75(++)) were compared to three PC12-derived cell lines expressing varying levels of TrkA or TrkC and/or p75. Growth rates, tumorigenic potential ex vivo and in vivo, and chemotherapeutic drug response profiles differed depending on the neurotrophin receptor phenotype. The ability of neurotrophins to rescue cells from doxorubicin or cisplatin induced cell death also varied depending on phenotype. Thus, unique neurotrophin receptor tumor profiles may determine tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. This work may help to develop tailored therapies for specific tumor phenotypes by combining traditional chemotherapy with neurotrophin receptor modulators.
Collapse
|